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false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":46952585,"created_at":"2021-04-19T17:45:29.392-07:00","from_world_paper_id":168276249,"updated_at":"2024-11-14T02:20:12.372-08:00","_data":{"publisher":"Elsevier BV","grobid_abstract":"Previous studies of the effects of ablating the rat's somatosensory cortex on temperature discrimination have yielded negative results. Presently, it was assumed that (1) the rat's face might possess thermal acuity comparable to that found in highly sensitive skin regions of primates, (2) the rat's facial discriminative capacity for thermal differences might be more acute in a cool range well below normal room temperature (24°C), and (3) by using more sensitive procedures and focusing on the effects of damage to the face areas in the rat's somatosensory cortex, disturbances in the capacity to make discriminations between cool stimuli might be revealed that previously went unnoticed. Results of experiments testing these assumptions indicated that rats can use their snouts to make discriminations of I°C or less, that their acuity is better in the cool than in the warm range, and that somatosensory ablations produce moderate to severe disturbances in the capacity to discriminate between cool stimuli but only slight transitory disturbances in this capacity for warm stimuli. Additionally, the results suggest that the sensorimotor cortex may be involved in the rat's thermal discriminative capacity.","publication_date":"1993,,","publication_name":"Brain Research","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"66304560"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Disturbances in the performance of thermal discrimination tasks following cortical ablations in rats","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [155395217]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":66304560,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Disturbances in the performance of thermal discrimination tasks following cortical ablations in rats”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/66304560/mini_magick20210419-31169-srkw4i.png?1618881094" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Disturbances in the performance of thermal discrimination tasks following cortical ablations in rats</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="155395217" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LouisPorter2"><img alt="Profile image of Louis Porter" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Louis Porter</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">1993, Brain Research</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">12 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 46952585; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Previous studies of the effects of ablating the rat's somatosensory cortex on temperature discrimination have yielded negative results. Presently, it was assumed that (1) the rat's face might possess thermal acuity comparable to that found in highly sensitive skin regions of primates, (2) the rat's facial discriminative capacity for thermal differences might be more acute in a cool range well below normal room temperature (24°C), and (3) by using more sensitive procedures and focusing on the effects of damage to the face areas in the rat's somatosensory cortex, disturbances in the capacity to make discriminations between cool stimuli might be revealed that previously went unnoticed. Results of experiments testing these assumptions indicated that rats can use their snouts to make discriminations of I°C or less, that their acuity is better in the cool than in the warm range, and that somatosensory ablations produce moderate to severe disturbances in the capacity to discriminate between cool stimuli but only slight transitory disturbances in this capacity for warm stimuli. Additionally, the results suggest that the sensorimotor cortex may be involved in the rat's thermal discriminative capacity.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":66304560,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/46952585/Disturbances_in_the_performance_of_thermal_discrimination_tasks_following_cortical_ablations_in_rats"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":66304560,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/46952585/Disturbances_in_the_performance_of_thermal_discrimination_tasks_following_cortical_ablations_in_rats"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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One group served as an unoperated control (C), and the others were subjected to the following lesions: (1) bilateral SI-bilateral SII; (2) bilateral SI; (3) bilateral SI-contralateral SII; (4) bilateral SII-bilateral posterior parietal; (5) bilateral parietal lobectomy; and (6) contralateral parietal lobectomy. The groups were then tested again on the same tasks. No group showed any difficulty with differences larger than 12 °C, and groups 2, 4, 6 and C showed no statistical differences in their preoperative and postoperative number of trials to criteria for any of the temperature tasks. However, groups 1,3 and 5 had considerable difficulty making discriminations ranging between 3 and 12 °C; and, although their postoperative performances were not significantly different from one another, they took statistically more trials to discriminate the 1 °C difference in post-than in preoperative testing. Following extensive retraining, all but one of the subjects in the latter groups were able to detect the 1 °C difference.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"An experimental investigation of the parietal lobes and temperature discrimination in monkeys","attachmentId":66304562,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/46952586/An_experimental_investigation_of_the_parietal_lobes_and_temperature_discrimination_in_monkeys","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/46952586/An_experimental_investigation_of_the_parietal_lobes_and_temperature_discrimination_in_monkeys"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="79548796" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79548796/Effects_of_face_head_and_whole_body_cooling_during_passive_heat_stress_on_human_somatosensory_processing">Effects of face/head and whole body cooling during passive heat stress on human somatosensory processing</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="213507176" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ManabuShibasaki">Manabu Shibasaki</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">We herein investigated the effects of face/head and whole body cooling during passive heat stress on human somatosensory processing recorded by somatosensory-evoked potentials (SEPs) at C4′ and Fz electrodes. Fourteen healthy subjects received a median nerve stimulation at the left wrist. SEPs were recorded at normothermic baseline (Rest), when esophageal temperature had increased by ~1.2°C (heat stress: HS) during passive heating, face/head cooling during passive heating (face/head cooling: FHC), and after HS (whole body cooling: WBC). The latencies and amplitudes of P14, N20, P25, N35, P45, and N60 at C4′ and P14, N18, P22, and N30 at Fz were evaluated. Latency indicated speed of the subcortical and cortical somatosensory processing, while amplitude reflected the strength of neural activity. Blood flow in the internal and common carotid arteries (ICA and CCA, respectively) and psychological comfort were recorded in each session. Increases in esophageal temperature due to HS signif...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Effects of face/head and whole body cooling during passive heat stress on human somatosensory processing","attachmentId":86226236,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/79548796/Effects_of_face_head_and_whole_body_cooling_during_passive_heat_stress_on_human_somatosensory_processing","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/79548796/Effects_of_face_head_and_whole_body_cooling_during_passive_heat_stress_on_human_somatosensory_processing"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="115280485" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/115280485/A_somatosensory_circuit_for_cooling_perception_in_mice">A somatosensory circuit for cooling perception in mice</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="56801919" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LewinGary">Gary Lewin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Nature neuroscience, 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The temperature of an object provides important somatosensory information for animals performing tactile tasks. Humans can perceive skin cooling of less than one degree, but the sensory afferents and central circuits that they engage to enable the perception of surface temperature are poorly understood. To address these questions, we examined the perception of glabrous skin cooling in mice. We found that mice were also capable of perceiving small amplitude skin cooling and that primary somatosensory (S1) cortical neurons were required for cooling perception. Moreover, the absence of the menthol-gated transient receptor potential melastatin 8 ion channel in sensory afferent fibers eliminated the ability to perceive cold and the corresponding activation of S1 neurons. Our results identify parts of a neural circuit underlying cold perception in mice and provide a new model system for the analysis of thermal processing and perception and multimodal integration.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A somatosensory circuit for cooling perception in mice","attachmentId":111733656,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115280485/A_somatosensory_circuit_for_cooling_perception_in_mice","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/115280485/A_somatosensory_circuit_for_cooling_perception_in_mice"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="118715753" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/118715753/Crossed_Temperature_Discrimination_Following_Section_of_Forebrain_Neocortical_Commissures">Crossed Temperature Discrimination Following Section of Forebrain Neocortical Commissures</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34234147" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JerreLevy">Jerre Levy</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Cortex, 1970</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The degree of ipsilateral somatosensory representation in the cerebral cortex remains somewhat uncertain. Although regions of the head and neck appear to be bilaterally represented through the 5th nerve (Mountcastle and Rose, 1959), the primary somesthetic projection of the body below the neck ascends via the contralateral spinothalamic and medial lemniscal tracts. However, there exists physiological, anatomical, and behavioral evidence that an ipsilateral system is also present for regions of the body below the neck. Ipsilateral evoked responses have been obtained by several investigators in phalangers, rabbits, cats, and monkeys (Adey and</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Crossed Temperature Discrimination Following Section of Forebrain Neocortical Commissures","attachmentId":114277604,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/118715753/Crossed_Temperature_Discrimination_Following_Section_of_Forebrain_Neocortical_Commissures","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/118715753/Crossed_Temperature_Discrimination_Following_Section_of_Forebrain_Neocortical_Commissures"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="23020254" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23020254/Anterior_Cingulate_Cortical_Neuronal_Activity_During_Perception_of_Noxious_Thermal_Stimuli_in_Monkeys">Anterior Cingulate Cortical Neuronal Activity During Perception of Noxious Thermal Stimuli in Monkeys</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="44671600" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KIwata">Koichi Iwata</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Neurophysiology, 2005</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">It has been reported that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has a variety of functions relating to pain as well as pain perception. However, the underlying mechanisms for those functions remain unclear. To elucidate the functional role of the ACC in pain perception and pain-related functions such as attention to pain and escape from pain, single neuronal activity was recorded from the ACC, and the behavioral correlates of this neuronal activity was studied. A total of 667 neurons were recorded from the ACC in awake behaving monkeys. Twenty-one had modulated activity during a heat-detection task. Eighteen of these increased their firing frequency following an increase in stimulus temperature, whereas three of them had decreased firing during heating of the face. Seventy-five percent of heat-evoked responses of heat-responsive ACC neurons were significantly depressed when monkeys detected the change in magnitude of illumination of a light presented on the front panel. The neuronal activity was significantly higher when monkeys escaped from a noxious heat stimulus than when the monkeys detected a small change in temperature (T2) above a larger initial shift (T1). No relationship between firing frequency and detection latency of the T2 stimulation was observed. These findings suggest that ACC nociceptive neurons are involved in attention to pain and escape from pain but not in the sensory discriminative aspect of pain.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Anterior Cingulate Cortical Neuronal Activity During Perception of Noxious Thermal Stimuli in Monkeys","attachmentId":43532145,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/23020254/Anterior_Cingulate_Cortical_Neuronal_Activity_During_Perception_of_Noxious_Thermal_Stimuli_in_Monkeys","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/23020254/Anterior_Cingulate_Cortical_Neuronal_Activity_During_Perception_of_Noxious_Thermal_Stimuli_in_Monkeys"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="8184722" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8184722/Short_lasting_impairment_of_temperature_perception_by_high_frequency_rTMS_of_the_sensorimotor_cortex">Short-lasting impairment of temperature perception by high frequency rTMS of the sensorimotor cortex</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="16020357" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SebastianCruz4">Sebastian Cruz</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Clinical Neurophysiology, 2005</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Objective: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has become a useful tool for investigating and even modulating human brain function. RTMS of the human motor cortex can produce changes in excitability that outlast the period of stimulation. To investigate the persistent effect of high-frequency rTMS of sensorimotor cortex (SM1) on somatosensory function.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Short-lasting impairment of temperature perception by high frequency rTMS of the sensorimotor cortex","attachmentId":48190297,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8184722/Short_lasting_impairment_of_temperature_perception_by_high_frequency_rTMS_of_the_sensorimotor_cortex","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/8184722/Short_lasting_impairment_of_temperature_perception_by_high_frequency_rTMS_of_the_sensorimotor_cortex"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="125595223" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/125595223/Properties_of_heat_sensitive_neurons_in_the_premotor_cortex_of_conscious_monkeys">Properties of heat-sensitive neurons in the premotor cortex of conscious monkeys</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="76496770" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BarrySESSLE">Barry SESSLE</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Oral Science, 2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">To investigate neuronal activity involved in responses to noxious stimuli in conscious monkeys, the animals were subjected to a task that required them to detect a small change in facial skin temperature or light (second temperature: T2, second light: V2) relative to an initial condition (T1 or V1), and to detect changes in V2 along with a heat task. Recordings were obtained from 57 neurons in the ventral premotor cortex (PMv) during the heat or light detection task. T1 neurons and T2 neurons showed increased activity only during T1 or T2, and T1/T2 neurons were activated by both T1 and T2 stimuli. T1/T2 neurons showed an increase in firing at higher T1 temperatures, whereas T1 neurons did not. About half of the non-light/heat-sensitive T1/T2 neurons showed increased firing at higher T2 temperatures, whereas T2 neurons showed no such increase. The heat responses of heat-sensitive PMv neurons were significantly suppressed when monkeys shifted their attention from heat to light. The present findings suggest that heat-sensitive PMv neurons may be involved in motor responses to noxious heat, whereas light/heat-PMv neurons may be involved in emotional and motivational aspects of pain and inappropriate motor responses to allow escape from noxious stimuli.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Properties of heat-sensitive neurons in the premotor cortex of conscious monkeys","attachmentId":119609555,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/125595223/Properties_of_heat_sensitive_neurons_in_the_premotor_cortex_of_conscious_monkeys","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/125595223/Properties_of_heat_sensitive_neurons_in_the_premotor_cortex_of_conscious_monkeys"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="3041518" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3041518/Human_cortical_representation_of_oral_temperature">Human cortical representation of oral temperature</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="513403" href="https://ljmu.academia.edu/FrancisMcGlone">Francis McGlone</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2007</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Abstract The temperature of foods and fluids is a major factor that determines their pleasantness and acceptability. Studies of nonhuman primates have shown that many neurons in cortical taste areas receive and process not only chemosensory inputs, but oral thermosensory (temperature) inputs as well.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Human cortical representation of oral temperature","attachmentId":30975630,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3041518/Human_cortical_representation_of_oral_temperature","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3041518/Human_cortical_representation_of_oral_temperature"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="13765541" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13765541/Human_brain_activation_under_controlled_thermal_stimulation_and_habituation_to_noxious_heat_An_fMRI_study">Human brain activation under controlled thermal stimulation and habituation to noxious heat: An fMRI study</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32878851" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BecerraLino">Lino Becerra</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 1999</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Brain activity was studied with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) following thermal stimulation. Two groups (n ‫؍‬ 6/ group) of human male volunteers were given up to four noxious (46°C) and four non-noxious (41°C) stimuli. In the 46°C experiment, positive signal changes were found in the frontal gyri, anterior and posterior cingulate gyrus, thalamus, motor cortex, somatosensory cortex (SI and SII), supplementary motor area, insula, and cerebellum. Low-level negative signal changes appeared in the amygdala and hypothalamus. All regions activated by 46°C were also activated by 41°C. However, except for SI and thalamus, significantly more activation was observed for the 46°C stimulus. A significant attenuation of the signal change was observed by the third stimulus for the 46°C, but not for 41°C experiment. Similar findings were replicated in the second group. These fMRI findings specify differences between somatosensory and pain sensation and suggest a number of rich avenues for future research. Magn</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Human brain activation under controlled thermal stimulation and habituation to noxious heat: An fMRI study","attachmentId":44977857,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13765541/Human_brain_activation_under_controlled_thermal_stimulation_and_habituation_to_noxious_heat_An_fMRI_study","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13765541/Human_brain_activation_under_controlled_thermal_stimulation_and_habituation_to_noxious_heat_An_fMRI_study"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":66304560,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":66304560,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_66304560" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="14419847" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14419847/Temporary_Interference_over_the_Posterior_Parietal_Cortices_Disrupts_Thermoregulatory_Control_in_Humans">Temporary Interference over the Posterior Parietal Cortices Disrupts Thermoregulatory Control in Humans</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33361728" href="https://unisa-au.academia.edu/LorimerMoseley">Lorimer Moseley</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="36201198" href="https://unimib.academia.edu/GiuseppeVallar">Giuseppe Vallar</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Plos One, 2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Temporary Interference over the Posterior Parietal Cortices Disrupts Thermoregulatory Control in Humans","attachmentId":44160431,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/14419847/Temporary_Interference_over_the_Posterior_Parietal_Cortices_Disrupts_Thermoregulatory_Control_in_Humans","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/14419847/Temporary_Interference_over_the_Posterior_Parietal_Cortices_Disrupts_Thermoregulatory_Control_in_Humans"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="13363756" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13363756/BOLD_Responses_in_Somatosensory_Cortices_Better_Reflect_Heat_Sensation_than_Pain">BOLD Responses in Somatosensory Cortices Better Reflect Heat Sensation than Pain</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32878851" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BecerraLino">Lino Becerra</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32594396" href="https://onlineadvocate.academia.edu/EricMoulton">Eric Moulton</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Neuroscience, 2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"BOLD Responses in Somatosensory Cortices Better Reflect Heat Sensation than Pain","attachmentId":45430742,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13363756/BOLD_Responses_in_Somatosensory_Cortices_Better_Reflect_Heat_Sensation_than_Pain","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13363756/BOLD_Responses_in_Somatosensory_Cortices_Better_Reflect_Heat_Sensation_than_Pain"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="489468" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/489468/Neural_coding_in_the_temperature_sense_Human_reactions_to_temperature_changes_as_compared_with_activity_in_single_peripheral_cold_fibers_in_the_cat">Neural coding in the temperature sense. Human reactions to temperature changes as compared with activity in single peripheral cold fibers in the cat</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="375840" href="https://independent.academia.edu/TimoJ%C3%A4rvilehto">Timo Järvilehto</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Annales Academie Scientiarum Fennicae</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Neural coding in the temperature sense. Human reactions to temperature changes as compared with activity in single peripheral cold fibers in the cat","attachmentId":51387694,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/489468/Neural_coding_in_the_temperature_sense_Human_reactions_to_temperature_changes_as_compared_with_activity_in_single_peripheral_cold_fibers_in_the_cat","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/489468/Neural_coding_in_the_temperature_sense_Human_reactions_to_temperature_changes_as_compared_with_activity_in_single_peripheral_cold_fibers_in_the_cat"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="123009338" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/123009338/Distinct_spatio_temporal_and_spectral_brain_patterns_for_different_thermal_stimuli_perception">Distinct spatio-temporal and spectral brain patterns for different thermal stimuli perception</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7477017" href="https://upatras.academia.edu/AnastasiosBezerianos">Anastasios Bezerianos</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Scientific Reports, 2022</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Distinct spatio-temporal 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class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11159853/Thermal_application_modulates_orofacial_somatosensory_perception_in_healthy_men_and_women">Thermal application modulates orofacial somatosensory perception in healthy men and women</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="26947249" href="https://marmara.academia.edu/ElifSibelATIS">Elif Sibel ATIS</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32953830" href="https://independent.academia.edu/YukaOono">Yuka Oono</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Clinical Neurophysiology, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Thermal application modulates orofacial somatosensory perception in healthy men and women","attachmentId":46851207,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11159853/Thermal_application_modulates_orofacial_somatosensory_perception_in_healthy_men_and_women","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/11159853/Thermal_application_modulates_orofacial_somatosensory_perception_in_healthy_men_and_women"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="59416266" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/59416266/Functional_MRI_study_of_thalamic_and_cortical_activations_evoked_by_cutaneous_heat_cold_and_tactile_stimuli">Functional MRI study of thalamic and cortical activations evoked by cutaneous heat, cold, and tactile stimuli</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37454736" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ChunKwan1">Chun Kwan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of neurophysiology, 1998</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Functional MRI study of thalamic and cortical activations evoked by cutaneous heat, cold, and tactile 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