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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palatino_family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palatino_family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Palatino family</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Palatino_family-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Palatino family subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Palatino_family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Palatino" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palatino"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Palatino</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palatino-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aldus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aldus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Aldus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aldus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Michelangelo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Michelangelo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Michelangelo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Michelangelo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sistina" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sistina"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Sistina</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sistina-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kompakt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kompakt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Kompakt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kompakt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zapf_Renaissance_Antiqua_(1984–1986)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zapf_Renaissance_Antiqua_(1984–1986)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Zapf Renaissance Antiqua (1984–1986)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zapf_Renaissance_Antiqua_(1984–1986)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variants_and_similar_typefaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants_and_similar_typefaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Variants and similar typefaces</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Variants_and_similar_typefaces-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Variants and similar typefaces subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Variants_and_similar_typefaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Digitisations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Digitisations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Digitisations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Digitisations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palatino_Linotype" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palatino_Linotype"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Palatino Linotype</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palatino_Linotype-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palatino_nova" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palatino_nova"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Palatino nova</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palatino_nova-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palatino_Sans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palatino_Sans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Palatino Sans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palatino_Sans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Palatino_Sans_Informal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palatino_Sans_Informal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1</span> <span>Palatino Sans Informal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palatino_Sans_Informal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palatino_Arabic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palatino_Arabic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Palatino Arabic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palatino_Arabic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palatino_eText_(2013)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palatino_eText_(2013)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Palatino eText (2013)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palatino_eText_(2013)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palatino_clones" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palatino_clones"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Palatino clones</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Palatino_clones-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Palatino clones subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Palatino_clones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Palazzo_Original" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palazzo_Original"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Palazzo Original</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palazzo_Original-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-PostScript_clones" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#PostScript_clones"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>PostScript clones</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-PostScript_clones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Book_Antiqua" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Book_Antiqua"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Book Antiqua</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Book_Antiqua-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Free_and_open-source_versions_and_derivatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Free_and_open-source_versions_and_derivatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Free and open-source versions and derivatives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Free_and_open-source_versions_and_derivatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatino" title="Palatino – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Palatino" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatino" title="Palatino – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Palatino" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatino" title="Palatino – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Palatino" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatino_(tipo_de_letra)" title="Palatino (tipo de letra) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Palatino (tipo de letra)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatino_(tiparo)" title="Palatino (tiparo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Palatino (tiparo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatino" title="Palatino – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Palatino" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatino" title="Palatino – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Palatino" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatino" title="Palatino – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Palatino" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatino_Linotype" title="Palatino Linotype – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Palatino Linotype" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatino" title="Palatino – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Palatino" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatino_(lettertype)" title="Palatino (lettertype) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Palatino (lettertype)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatino_(%E6%9B%B8%E4%BD%93)" title="Palatino (書体) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Palatino (書体)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatino_(tipografia)" title="Palatino (tipografia) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Palatino (tipografia)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatino" title="Palatino – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Palatino" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatino_(kirjaintyyppi)" title="Palatino (kirjaintyyppi) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Palatino (kirjaintyyppi)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatino" title="Palatino – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Palatino" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatino" title="Palatino – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Palatino" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E6%8B%89%E6%8F%90%E8%AF%BA%E4%BD%93" title="帕拉提诺体 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="帕拉提诺体" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1093499#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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.hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Paladino_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paladino (disambiguation)">Paladino</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Palatino_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Palatino (disambiguation)">Palatino (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Palatino</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Palatino_font_sample.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Palatino_font_sample.svg/220px-Palatino_font_sample.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Palatino_font_sample.svg/330px-Palatino_font_sample.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Palatino_font_sample.svg/440px-Palatino_font_sample.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="198" data-file-height="234" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Typeface#Style_of_typefaces" title="Typeface">Category</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Serif" title="Serif">Serif</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vox-ATypI_classification" title="Vox-ATypI classification">Classification</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Serif#Old-style" title="Serif">Old-style</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Type_design#Profession" title="Type design">Designer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Zapf" title="Hermann Zapf">Hermann Zapf</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Type_foundry" title="Type foundry">Foundry</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stempel_Type_Foundry" title="Stempel Type Foundry">Stempel</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mergenthaler_Linotype_Company" title="Mergenthaler Linotype Company">Linotype</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date created</th><td class="infobox-data">1948</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date released</th><td class="infobox-data">1949</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Variations</th><td class="infobox-data">Palatino Nova <br />Palatino Sans</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Palatino</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Serif#Old-style" title="Serif">old-style</a> <a href="/wiki/Serif" title="Serif">serif</a> <a href="/wiki/Typeface" title="Typeface">typeface</a> designed by <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Zapf" title="Hermann Zapf">Hermann Zapf</a>, initially released in 1949 by the <a href="/wiki/Stempel_Type_Foundry" title="Stempel Type Foundry">Stempel</a> foundry and later by other companies, most notably the <a href="/wiki/Mergenthaler_Linotype_Company" title="Mergenthaler Linotype Company">Mergenthaler Linotype Company</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palatino&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Named after the 16th-century Italian master of <a href="/wiki/Calligraphy" title="Calligraphy">calligraphy</a> <a href="/wiki/Giambattista_Palatino" class="mw-redirect" title="Giambattista Palatino">Giambattista Palatino</a>, Palatino is based on the humanist types of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance" title="Italian Renaissance">Italian Renaissance</a>, which mirror the letters formed by a broad nib pen reflecting Zapf's expertise as a <a href="/wiki/Calligraphy" title="Calligraphy">calligrapher</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-I’ve_been_asked_to_tell_you_about_myself_and_my_types_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-I’ve_been_asked_to_tell_you_about_myself_and_my_types-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its capital 'Y' is in the unusual 'palm Y' style, inspired by the Greek letter <a href="/wiki/Upsilon" title="Upsilon">upsilon</a>, a trait found in some of the earliest versions of the letter such as that of <a href="/wiki/Aldus_Manutius" title="Aldus Manutius">Aldus Manutius</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Flawed_Typefaces_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flawed_Typefaces-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unlike most Renaissance typeface revivals, which tend to have delicate proportions such as a low <a href="/wiki/X-height" title="X-height">x-height</a> (short lower-case letters and longer <a href="/wiki/Ascender_(typography)" title="Ascender (typography)">ascenders</a> and <a href="/wiki/Descender" title="Descender">descenders</a>), Palatino has larger proportions, increasing legibility.<sup id="cite_ref-Campbell_&_Dabbs_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Campbell_&_Dabbs-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Autobiography_in_Type_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Autobiography_in_Type-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Palatino was particularly intended as a design for trade or 'jobbing' use, such as headings, advertisements and display printing, and was created with a solid, wide structure and wide <a href="/wiki/Counter_(typography)" title="Counter (typography)">apertures</a> that could appear clearly on poor-quality paper, when read at a distance or printed at small sizes. </p><p>Palatino is one of several related typefaces by Zapf, which Stempel marketed as an "extended family".<sup id="cite_ref-From_Condensed_Light_to_Extended_Ultra_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-From_Condensed_Light_to_Extended_Ultra-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group includes Palatino, Sistina, Michelangelo, and Aldus; Zapf's biographer Jerry Kelly describes them as forming "the largest type family based on classic renaissance forms at the time."<sup id="cite_ref-About_More_Alphabets:_The_Types_of_Hermann_Zapf_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About_More_Alphabets:_The_Types_of_Hermann_Zapf-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Blue_Pencil_no._20—Zapfiana_no._1:_About_More_Alphabets_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blue_Pencil_no._20—Zapfiana_no._1:_About_More_Alphabets-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Goldberg2000_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goldberg2000-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These designs were strongly influenced by Italian Renaissance letter forms and <a href="/wiki/Roman_square_capitals" title="Roman square capitals">Roman square capitals</a>, although Zapf was unable to visit Italy until after he had finished the Palatino roman.<sup id="cite_ref-BLUe_blood_in_math_mode?_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BLUe_blood_in_math_mode?-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lawson1990_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lawson1990-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Palatino rapidly became popular for book body text use, overshadowing the narrower and lighter Aldus, which Zapf had designed for this role. It has been described as one of the ten most used serif typefaces.<sup id="cite_ref-Lawson1990_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lawson1990-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since Palatino was not originally designed for body text, some of its characters were intended to stand out with quirky, calligraphic design features, and Zapf later redesigned them with more sober alternates, which have become the norm on most digital versions.<sup id="cite_ref-Lawson1990_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lawson1990-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Philosophy_in_the_Middle_Ages_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Philosophy_in_the_Middle_Ages-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Linotype licensed Palatino to Adobe and Apple who incorporated it into the <a href="/wiki/PostScript" title="PostScript">PostScript</a> digital printing technology as a standard font. This guaranteed its importance in digital and <a href="/wiki/Desktop_publishing" title="Desktop publishing">desktop publishing</a> and made it (or a variant of it) a preinstalled font on most computers. As with many popular fonts, knockoff designs and rereleases under different names are common. Zapf retained an interest in the design, and continued to collaborate on new versions into his eighties. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Palatino_family">Palatino family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palatino&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Palatino family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palatino">Palatino</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palatino&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Palatino"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palatino_old_and_new.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Palatino_old_and_new.png/220px-Palatino_old_and_new.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Palatino_old_and_new.png/330px-Palatino_old_and_new.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Palatino_old_and_new.png/440px-Palatino_old_and_new.png 2x" data-file-width="15282" data-file-height="4788" /></a><figcaption>Softmaker's digitisation of Palatino, Palazzo Original (right), shows some original features changed in the later digitisations endorsed by Zapf, including a more organic design and detail differences such as a different 'E', 'p', 'q' and 't'.<sup id="cite_ref-Lawson1990_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lawson1990-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Palatino itself, as previously noted, has a solid structure, intended to read clearly on poor-quality paper and printing. Zapf's friend Alexander Lawson wrote that "the open counters that make Palatino such a legible letter were provided to overcome a then current printing problem in Germany, poor-quality paper. The weight of the type was also thickened beyond that of a normal roman in order to adapt to the lithographic and gravure printing processes of that period. Zapf has steadily maintained that he did not create Palatino as a book type but rather as a commercial face."<sup id="cite_ref-Lawson1990_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lawson1990-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hardwig_In_memoriam_Hermann_Zapf,_1918–2015_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hardwig_In_memoriam_Hermann_Zapf,_1918–2015-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palatino_Swash_Initials.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Palatino_Swash_Initials.jpg/220px-Palatino_Swash_Initials.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Palatino_Swash_Initials.jpg/330px-Palatino_Swash_Initials.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Palatino_Swash_Initials.jpg/440px-Palatino_Swash_Initials.jpg 2x" data-file-width="991" data-file-height="188" /></a><figcaption>The italic swash capitals of Palatino from an American metal type specimen sheet</figcaption></figure> <p>Due to Palatino's increasing popularity in body text, multiple versions have been released for the changing technologies of handsetting, hot metal typesetting, <a href="/wiki/Phototypesetting" title="Phototypesetting">phototypesetting</a> and digital font design. Later versions often have regularised details such as a lower 't' and foot serifs on 'p' and 'q'.<sup id="cite_ref-Lawson1990_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lawson1990-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The italic in particular has gone through several redesigns, with the original for hand-set foundry type being distinctly narrow, the version for the Linotype machine distinctly wide to enable duplexing with the roman, and the versions for subsequent photosetting and digital technologies being in between the two extremes. Hutner and Kelly have described Palatino as "distinctly modern... a modern type not copied from any specific early model."<sup id="cite_ref-HutnerKelly2004_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HutnerKelly2004-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Palatino's italic in metal type included a set of <a href="/wiki/Swash_(typography)" title="Swash (typography)">swash capitals</a>. These have not been found in digitisations, although digitisations of Zapf's Renaissance Antiqua design (discussed below) do include a (slightly different) set.<sup id="cite_ref-Hardwig_FIU_Swash_caps_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hardwig_FIU_Swash_caps-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later versions alter the descenders on many letters; Zapf originally had to keep these short to fit on the German <a href="/wiki/Typeface_anatomy" title="Typeface anatomy">common line</a> standard, optimised for blackletter typefaces; later versions escape this restriction.<sup id="cite_ref-Shaw2017_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shaw2017-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aldus">Aldus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palatino&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Aldus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Linotype Aldus</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:AldusSpec7.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/AldusSpec7.svg/220px-AldusSpec7.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="260" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/AldusSpec7.svg/330px-AldusSpec7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/AldusSpec7.svg/440px-AldusSpec7.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="396" data-file-height="468" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Typeface#Style_of_typefaces" title="Typeface">Category</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Serif" title="Serif">Serif</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vox-ATypI_classification" title="Vox-ATypI classification">Classification</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Old style</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Type_design#Profession" title="Type design">Designer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Zapf" title="Hermann Zapf">Hermann Zapf</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Type_foundry" title="Type foundry">Foundry</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mergenthaler_Linotype_Company" title="Mergenthaler Linotype Company">Linotype</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date created</th><td class="infobox-data">1954</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Trademark</th><td class="infobox-data">Linotype</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palatino_%26_Aldus.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Palatino_%26_Aldus.png/220px-Palatino_%26_Aldus.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Palatino_%26_Aldus.png/330px-Palatino_%26_Aldus.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Palatino_%26_Aldus.png/440px-Palatino_%26_Aldus.png 2x" data-file-width="23287" data-file-height="15497" /></a><figcaption>Palatino and Aldus compared in digital versions. The differences are quite subtle.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Aldus</b> is an old-style serif design, popular for use in book printing. Compared to Palatino, released some years earlier, it has a more condensed design lighter in <a href="/wiki/Type_color" title="Type color">colour</a>, more graceful and refined and better suited to the high average quality of book printing.<sup id="cite_ref-Lawson1990_14-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lawson1990-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AmbroseHarris2005_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AmbroseHarris2005-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aldus has a <a href="/wiki/Kerning" title="Kerning">non-kerning</a> <a href="/wiki/Roman_type" title="Roman type">roman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italic_type" title="Italic type">italic</a> <i>f</i>, allowing the typographer to avoid <a href="/wiki/Typographic_ligature" class="mw-redirect" title="Typographic ligature">ligatures</a>. It appeared in the D. Stempel AG catalog in 1954 and Zapf used it to set his own <i>Manuale Typographicum</i>, a history of letter design.<sup id="cite_ref-Fonts_in_Use_Manuale_Typographicum_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fonts_in_Use_Manuale_Typographicum-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aldus is named for the Venetian Renaissance printer <a href="/wiki/Aldus_Manutius" title="Aldus Manutius">Aldus Manutius</a>. The decision annoyed Zapf (who preferred the name "Palatino Book") since it bears little direct resemblance to Aldus's typefaces.<sup id="cite_ref-Lawson1990_14-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lawson1990-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like Palatino, an upgraded digitisation, Aldus Nova, has been released by Linotype.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palatino&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Michelangelo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A set of titling capitals, based on <a href="/wiki/Roman_square_capitals" title="Roman square capitals">Roman square capitals</a>. The design has a 'U' with a foot serif at bottom right, a 'double-V'-style 'W' with four top terminals and a 'palm Y' similar to that on Palatino, inspired by the Greek letter <a href="/wiki/Upsilon" title="Upsilon">upsilon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lawson1990_14-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lawson1990-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was renamed "Palatino Titling" in the Palatino nova release (see below), since the rights to the name were held by Berthold who also published a digitisation.<sup id="cite_ref-Weichselbaumer2015_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weichselbaumer2015-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Michelangelo_BQ_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Michelangelo_BQ-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sistina">Sistina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palatino&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sistina"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A slightly bolder set of titling capitals than Michaelangelo on the same basic structure.<sup id="cite_ref-Lawson1990_14-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lawson1990-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sistina_URW++_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sistina_URW++-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sistina_LT_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sistina_LT-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was originally named 'Aurelia Titling' after the <a href="/wiki/Roman_road" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman road">Roman road</a> named <a href="/wiki/Via_Aurelia" title="Via Aurelia">Via Aurelia</a>; Zapf would later use the name for another separate font.<sup id="cite_ref-Linotype_page_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Linotype_page-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Palatino nova version (see below) is renamed "Palatino Imperial" and has <a href="/wiki/Small_capitals" class="mw-redirect" title="Small capitals">small capitals</a> as a lower case.<sup id="cite_ref-Palatino_nova_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palatino_nova-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Linotype_Palatino_nova:_PDF_specimen_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Linotype_Palatino_nova:_PDF_specimen-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Palatino_nova_issuu_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palatino_nova_issuu-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was created following an artistically productive 1950 visit to Italy, which Zapf had been unable to visit before.<sup id="cite_ref-Hermann_Zapf_obituary_Foster_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hermann_Zapf_obituary_Foster-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zapf was very interested in the quality of Italian art and lettering, and his sketches of stonecarving in <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a> also inspired the humanist <a href="/wiki/Sans-serif" title="Sans-serif">sans-serif</a> <a href="/wiki/Optima" title="Optima">Optima</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sumner_Stone_Typographics_Conference_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sumner_Stone_Typographics_Conference-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fontshop_–_Hermann_Zapf_1918-2015_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fontshop_–_Hermann_Zapf_1918-2015-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kompakt">Kompakt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palatino&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Kompakt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An ultra-bold display type, with a slight slope but roman rather than <a href="/wiki/Italic_type" title="Italic type">italic</a> letter forms.<sup id="cite_ref-Kompakt_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kompakt-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kompakt_Adobe_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kompakt_Adobe-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike Palatino, it is very unlike the style of <a href="/wiki/Roman_type" title="Roman type">roman type</a> printing used during the Renaissance, which did not use <a href="/wiki/Bold_type" class="mw-redirect" title="Bold type">bold type</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zapf_Renaissance_Antiqua_(1984–1986)"><span id="Zapf_Renaissance_Antiqua_.281984.E2.80.931986.29"></span>Zapf Renaissance Antiqua (1984–1986)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palatino&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Zapf Renaissance Antiqua (1984–1986)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Not part of Stempel's metal Palatino family, Zapf Renaissance Antiqua is a separate interpretation by Zapf of the same Renaissance models dating to 1984–1986, initially created for Scangraphic and later digitised and sold by Linotype along with Palatino. Compared to Palatino, Zapf Renaissance Antiqua has greater stroke contrast, which carries through to the sharp serifs and wedge-like punctuation marks, but it also features smoother transitions between thick and thin strokes.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also notable for including a full set of swash letterforms, with as many as five variants of each lowercase letter – something not included on digital versions of Palatino.<sup id="cite_ref-Zapf_Renaissance_Antiqua_LT_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zapf_Renaissance_Antiqua_LT-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Linotype the currently available digitisation is based on the versions prepared by Scangraphic for display use, with tight spacing and striking contrasts in stroke weight. A version marketed under the name “Zapf Renaissance Antiqua SB” contains these same high-contrast letterforms, but with looser spacing for running text. However, some typographers have criticized the poor quality of the spacing in all available digitizations, attributing it to an inaccurate conversion from its original, proprietary digital format into PostScript.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants_and_similar_typefaces">Variants and similar typefaces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palatino&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Variants and similar typefaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Digitisations">Digitisations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palatino&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Digitisations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stempel_Palatino_family_specimen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f7/Stempel_Palatino_family_specimen.jpg/220px-Stempel_Palatino_family_specimen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f7/Stempel_Palatino_family_specimen.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="264" data-file-height="378" /></a><figcaption>A 1953 specimen of Palatino's "extended family", showing the range of fonts Stempel considered complementary to it. Many have little to do with Palatino itself.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-From_Condensed_Light_to_Extended_Ultra_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-From_Condensed_Light_to_Extended_Ultra-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palatino_specimen_sheet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Palatino_specimen_sheet.jpg/220px-Palatino_specimen_sheet.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Palatino_specimen_sheet.jpg/330px-Palatino_specimen_sheet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Palatino_specimen_sheet.jpg/440px-Palatino_specimen_sheet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1123" data-file-height="816" /></a><figcaption>The roman form of Palatino from an American metal type specimen sheet. This design shows the alternate characters used on later releases.<sup id="cite_ref-Lawson1990_14-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lawson1990-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Palatino's early digitisation intended for PostScript use is very widely used or cloned. Later Palatino digitisations have different features and spacing. In 1999, Zapf revised Palatino for Linotype and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, called <a href="#Palatino_Linotype">Palatino Linotype</a>. The revised family incorporated extended <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a> character sets. Linotype released a more complex redesign named Palatino nova, together with digitisations of some of Zapf's other Renaissance-inspired designs and Aldus. Zapf also created a matching Palatino Sans and Palatino Sans Informal design in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-Palatino_Sans_specimen_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palatino_Sans_specimen-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palatino_Linotype">Palatino Linotype</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palatino&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Palatino Linotype"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Palatino Linotype is the version of the Palatino family included with modern versions of Microsoft software. It incorporates extended Latin, Greek, Cyrillic characters, as well as currency signs, subscripts and superscripts, and fractions. The family includes roman and italic in text and bold weights. </p><p>Palatino Linotype was notable as being the first western <a href="/wiki/OpenType" title="OpenType">OpenType</a> font that Microsoft shipped; Palatino Linotype was bundled with <a href="/wiki/Windows_2000" title="Windows 2000">Windows 2000</a>. The OpenType version showcased some (then new) alternate features, including <a href="/wiki/Typographic_ligature" class="mw-redirect" title="Typographic ligature">ligatures</a>, true <a href="/wiki/Small_caps" title="Small caps">small caps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Typeface#Typesetting_numbers" title="Typeface">proportional and tabular figures</a>, <a href="/wiki/Text_figures" title="Text figures">text figures</a> and a variety of special alternate characters, such as the swash Capital Qu combination.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This marks it out from earlier digitisations such as the <a href="/wiki/OS_X" class="mw-redirect" title="OS X">OS X</a> system version, which do not include ligatures such as <i>Th</i> and <i>Qu</i>. On release it was one of the few fonts to incorporate an <a href="/wiki/Interrobang" title="Interrobang">interrobang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palatino_nova">Palatino nova</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palatino&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Palatino nova"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Palatino nova is a redesigned version of Palatino, by Hermann Zapf and Akira Kobayashi. This Palatino nova typeface family includes roman and italics in the light, text, medium, and bold weights, a new release of Aldus and versions of Michelangelo and Sistina under the name of "Palatino Titling" and "Palatino Imperial".<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Still_looking_for_refinements_at_87_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Still_looking_for_refinements_at_87-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Palatino_Nova_Titling_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palatino_Nova_Titling-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Palatino_nova_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palatino_nova-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The font family was premiered on November 24, 2005,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the same day as Hermann Zapf's 87th birthday celebration.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A new digitisation of Aldus named Aldus nova was created at the same time.<sup id="cite_ref-Aldus_Nova_Pro_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aldus_Nova_Pro-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Aldus_nova_family_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aldus_nova_family-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palatino_Sans">Palatino Sans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palatino&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Palatino Sans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Palatino Sans is a sans-serif design with stroke width modulation, resembling Zapf's classic design <a href="/wiki/Optima" title="Optima">Optima</a> but with a softer, more organic feel.<sup id="cite_ref-Palatino_Sans_Brochure_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palatino_Sans_Brochure-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Palatino_Sans_issuu_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palatino_Sans_issuu-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike the serifed counterpart, the Sans families do not have full Greek or Cyrillic characters. Reviewing it for <i>Typographica</i> on release, font designer Hrant Papazian commented:<sup id="cite_ref-Palatino_Sans_review_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palatino_Sans_review-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>The confluence of competence, freedom and kiai... evident in Palatino Sans is breathtaking. The sober organicity, the bravado of the raised 'r', the confident flair of the italic; all done before, but never in such a usable, contemporary whole.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Palatino_Sans_Informal">Palatino Sans Informal</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palatino&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Palatino Sans Informal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Palatino Sans Informal incorporates informal characteristics to the Palatino Sans, such as asymmetrical A, K, N, W, X, Y, w. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palatino_Arabic">Palatino Arabic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palatino&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Palatino Arabic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is a family designed by Lebanese designer <a href="/wiki/Nadine_Chahine" title="Nadine Chahine">Nadine Chahine</a> and Hermann Zapf. The design is based on the Al-Ahram typeface designed by Zapf in 1956 but reworked and modified to fit the Palatino nova family. The design is <a href="/wiki/Naskh_(script)" title="Naskh (script)">Naskh</a> in style but with a strong influence of <a href="/wiki/Thuluth" title="Thuluth">Thuluth</a> style. </p><p>This family only comes in 1 font, with the Arabic characters based on Palatino nova Regular. It supports basic Latin, Arabic, Persian, and Urdu scripts.<sup id="cite_ref-Palatino_Arabic_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palatino_Arabic-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chahine also created a version of Zapf's <a href="/wiki/Zapfino" title="Zapfino">Zapfino</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palatino_eText_(2013)"><span id="Palatino_eText_.282013.29"></span>Palatino eText (2013)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palatino&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Palatino eText (2013)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is a family designed by Toshi Omagari of Monotype Imaging, optimised for on-screen use. It includes a larger x-height and wider spacing.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Matteson_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matteson-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the standard four-font family, with bolds and italics.<sup id="cite_ref-Palatino_eText_MyFonts_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palatino_eText_MyFonts-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Palatino_clones">Palatino clones</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palatino&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Palatino clones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As one of the most iconic typefaces of the twentieth century, derivative designs based on Palatino were rapidly developed, taking advantage of the lack of practical copyright and the easy copying possible in the <a href="/wiki/Phototypesetting" title="Phototypesetting">phototypesetting</a> font market of the 1960s and 70s onwards.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Scourge_of_Arial_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Scourge_of_Arial-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Call_It_What_It_Is_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Call_It_What_It_Is-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of these are almost indistinguishable from Palatino, and some even had Zapf's involvement as a consultant.<sup id="cite_ref-Font_Wars:_A_Story_On_Rivalry_Between_Type_Foundries_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Font_Wars:_A_Story_On_Rivalry_Between_Type_Foundries-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palazzo_Original">Palazzo Original</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palatino&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Palazzo Original"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Softmaker's clone of Palatino, Palazzo Original, is unique for being based on the original metal type of Palatino: as a result, it contains many design features not seen in the digital versions of Palatino endorsed by Zapf and most clones. These include a 'p' and 'q' without foot serif and no serif on the centre stroke of the 'E' and 'F', as well as a slightly more delicate design with a lower <a href="/wiki/X-height" title="X-height">x-height</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Devroye_More_on_the_Palatino_story_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Devroye_More_on_the_Palatino_story-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has also been released as Marathon Serial without italics.<sup id="cite_ref-Marathon_Serial_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marathon_Serial-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="PostScript_clones">PostScript clones</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palatino&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: PostScript clones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CompPal1.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/CompPal1.svg/250px-CompPal1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="307" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/CompPal1.svg/375px-CompPal1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/CompPal1.svg/500px-CompPal1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="198" data-file-height="243" /></a><figcaption>A comparison of Linotype Palatino, Monotype Book Antiqua, and <span lang="de">Unternehmensberatung Rubow Weber</span> (URW) Palladio L.</figcaption></figure> <p>Most modern Palatino clones are set to match the spacing and design of the PostScript version of Palatino that was a standard font in early digital publishing. In the <a href="/wiki/Bitstream_Inc." title="Bitstream Inc.">Bitstream</a> font collection, the Palatino equivalent is called "Zapf Calligraphic".<sup id="cite_ref-Zapf_Calligraphic_801_MyFonts_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zapf_Calligraphic_801_MyFonts-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/URW%2B%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="URW++">URW++</a> sells its version as "URW Palladio L". A version of this font was later released by URW under a <a href="/wiki/Free_and_open-source" class="mw-redirect" title="Free and open-source">free and open-source</a> licence as part of the <a href="/wiki/Ghostscript" title="Ghostscript">Ghostscript</a> project to develop an open-source alternative to PostScript.<sup id="cite_ref-LaTeX_font_catalogue_Palladio_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LaTeX_font_catalogue_Palladio-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, it (or a derivative) is used by much open-source software such as <a href="/wiki/R_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="R (software)">R</a> as a system font.<sup id="cite_ref-R_Cookbook_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R_Cookbook-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SAS_&_R_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SAS_&_R-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Palladio, however, lacks the subtle stroke modulation and rounded corners which can be found for example in Palatino Linotype. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Book_Antiqua">Book Antiqua</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palatino&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Book Antiqua"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the best-known Palatino PostScript clones is "Book Antiqua" (originally by <a href="/wiki/Monotype_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Monotype Corporation">Monotype</a>), distributed with much <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> software, beginning with <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is one of many clone PostScript typefaces distributed by Microsoft and Monotype around this time, including <a href="/wiki/Arial" title="Arial">Arial</a> (similar to <a href="/wiki/Helvetica" title="Helvetica">Helvetica</a>), <a href="/wiki/Century_Gothic" title="Century Gothic">Century Gothic</a> (ITC Avant Garde) and Bookman Old Style (<a href="/wiki/Bookman_(typeface)" title="Bookman (typeface)">ITC Bookman</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-The_Scourge_of_Arial_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Scourge_of_Arial-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hudson_comments_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hudson_comments-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Book Antiqua resembles Palatino extremely closely and is almost indistinguishable from the original apart from a few detail differences. ("<a href="/wiki/Antiqua_(typeface_class)" title="Antiqua (typeface class)">Antiqua</a>" is another word for the "<a href="/wiki/Roman_type" title="Roman type">Roman</a>" style of typefaces that Palatino is based on, as opposed to <a href="/wiki/Blackletter" title="Blackletter">blackletter</a>. The genre, inspired by Italian traditions of handwriting and calligraphy, has been a dominant influence on most typefaces and lettering created in the Western world since the Renaissance.<sup id="cite_ref-Eisenstein2005_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eisenstein2005-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) </p><p>In 1993, Zapf resigned from l'Association Typographique Internationale (<a href="/wiki/ATypI" title="ATypI">ATypI</a>) over what he viewed as its hypocritical attitude toward unauthorized copying by prominent ATypI members (namely <a href="/wiki/Monotype_Imaging" title="Monotype Imaging">Monotype</a>). In the United States, the abstract design of a typeface is not protected by copyright, and can be imitated freely (unless the typeface is protected by a design patent, which is of much more limited duration and rarely applied for). Copyright protection is available for the representation of a typeface in software (a computer font), and the names of typefaces can be protected by trademark. </p><p>Microsoft has since licensed and distributes Linotype's version of Zapf's original design called <i>Palatino Linotype</i> in all versions of <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a> since <a href="/wiki/Windows_2000" title="Windows 2000">Windows 2000</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the Palatino Linotype development process, Zapf and Linotype requested that Microsoft cease to include Book Antiqua with Office, but Microsoft concluded that this was impossible as too many documents had already been created using it.<sup id="cite_ref-Hudson_comments_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hudson_comments-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Palatino_FAQ_Devroye_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palatino_FAQ_Devroye-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A custom version of Book Antiqua was created by Monotype as a corporate font for the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament</a> of the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-Book_Antiqua_Parliamentary_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Book_Antiqua_Parliamentary-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Free_and_open-source_versions_and_derivatives">Free and open-source versions and derivatives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palatino&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Free and open-source versions and derivatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first legal free version of Palatino was <b>URW Palladio L.</b> The <a href="/wiki/Open-source-software_movement" title="Open-source-software movement">open-source community</a> greatly extended the character sets of the fonts and releases new, updated versions under new names. </p> <ul><li><b>FPL Neu</b> is a typeface based on <i>URW Palladio L</i> font. It has both <a href="/wiki/Text_figures" title="Text figures">text figures</a> and lining figures. It is available both in <a href="/wiki/Type_1_font" class="mw-redirect" title="Type 1 font">Type 1</a> format<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/OpenType" title="OpenType">OpenType</a> format.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>TeX Gyre Pagella</b> is another similar typeface based on the <i>URW Palladio L</i> font. Pagella includes accents for European languages as well as glyphs for a few non-European languages.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This typeface is released in formats compatible with <a href="/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX">LaTeX</a> as well as with modern <a href="/wiki/OpenType" title="OpenType">OpenType</a> compatible systems. It is a part of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=TeX_Gyre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TeX Gyre (page does not exist)">TeX Gyre</a> project to make updated, expanded, OpenType versions of URW's open-source fonts.</li> <li><b>Domitian</b> is a typeface based on <i>URW Palladio L</i> font released recently in 2020. It was meant to be a drop in of Adobe Palatino, and extends more characters on top of Palladio.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Asana-Math" title="Asana-Math">Asana Math</a></b> is an <a href="/wiki/OpenType_mathematical_font" class="mw-redirect" title="OpenType mathematical font">OpenType mathematical font</a> designed to look like Palatino (so that math can visually match the text). It is based on the Type 1 <i>pxfonts</i> by Young Ryu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palatino&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palatino_Zapf_1950_Letterpress.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Palatino_Zapf_1950_Letterpress.jpg/220px-Palatino_Zapf_1950_Letterpress.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Palatino_Zapf_1950_Letterpress.jpg/330px-Palatino_Zapf_1950_Letterpress.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Palatino_Zapf_1950_Letterpress.jpg/440px-Palatino_Zapf_1950_Letterpress.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1552" /></a><figcaption>Palatino in letterpress</figcaption></figure> <p>Palatino Sans and Palatino Sans Informal won <a href="/wiki/Type_Directors_Club" title="Type Directors Club">Type Directors Club</a> Type Design Competition 2007 award under Type System / Superfamily category.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Palatino Arabic won 2008 <a href="/wiki/Type_Directors_Club" title="Type Directors Club">Type Directors Club</a> TDC2 2008 award under Text / Type Family category.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palatino&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Aldine type of the Italian renaissance is one of the most influential typefaces in history. Copies based in it made by printers in Paris from the 1530s onwards by engravers such as <a href="/wiki/Claude_Garamond" title="Claude Garamond">Claude Garamond</a> became the main style of type used in Europe, and influenced most successive type styles such as those of the Dutch renaissance. Other Aldine roman-influenced revivals include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bembo" title="Bembo">Bembo</a> by <a href="/wiki/Monotype_Imaging" title="Monotype Imaging">Monotype</a> (1929), very popular in book printing.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dante_(typeface)" title="Dante (typeface)">Dante</a> designed by <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Mardersteig" title="Giovanni Mardersteig">Giovanni Mardersteig</a> and also released by Monotype.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minion_(typeface)" title="Minion (typeface)">Minion</a> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Slimbach" title="Robert Slimbach">Robert Slimbach</a> of <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Systems">Adobe Systems</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Requiem_(typeface)" title="Requiem (typeface)">Requiem</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Hoefler" title="Jonathan Hoefler">Jonathan Hoefler</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palatino&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Letterology-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Letterology_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKennard" class="citation web cs1">Kennard, Jennifer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.letterology.com/2016/04/the-natural-history-of-palatino.html">"The Natural History of Palatino"</a>. <i>Letterology</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Letterology&rft.atitle=The+Natural+History+of+Palatino&rft.aulast=Kennard&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.letterology.com%2F2016%2F04%2Fthe-natural-history-of-palatino.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalatino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schneider_Bringhurst:_Zapf's_California-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schneider_Bringhurst:_Zapf's_California_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchneider2016" class="citation web cs1">Schneider, Nina (15 July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://printinghistory.org/bringhurst-zapfs-california/">"Bringhurst: Zapf's California"</a>. <i>American Printing History Association</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Linotype. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://download.linotype.com/free/howtouse/ZapfBiography.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 7 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Print&rft.atitle=Flawed+Typefaces&rft.aulast=Shaw&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.printmag.com%2Ffeatured%2Fflawed-typefaces%2F%23comment-6378&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalatino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Campbell_&_Dabbs-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Campbell_&_Dabbs_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbellDabbs2014" class="citation book cs1">Campbell, Alastair; Dabbs, Alistair (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n9DDCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT164"><i>Pocket Essentials: Typography: The History and Principles of the Art</i></a>. London: Hachette. pp. 164–169. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781781571552" title="Special:BookSources/9781781571552"><bdi>9781781571552</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pocket+Essentials%3A+Typography%3A+The+History+and+Principles+of+the+Art&rft.place=London&rft.pages=164-169&rft.pub=Hachette&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781781571552&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Alastair&rft.au=Dabbs%2C+Alistair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn9DDCAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT164&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalatino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Autobiography_in_Type-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Autobiography_in_Type_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZapf1959" class="citation journal cs1">Zapf, Hermann (1959). 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FontShop<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=From+Condensed+Light+to+Extended+Ultra&rft.pub=FontShop&rft.aulast=Ulrich&rft.aufirst=Ferdinand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fontshop.com%2Fcontent%2Ffrom-compressed-light-to-extended-ultra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalatino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-About_More_Alphabets:_The_Types_of_Hermann_Zapf-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-About_More_Alphabets:_The_Types_of_Hermann_Zapf_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKellyBringhurst2011" class="citation book cs1">Kelly, Jerry; Bringhurst, Robert (2011). <i>About More Alphabets: The Types of Hermann Zapf</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Paul+Shaw+Letter+Design&rft.atitle=Blue+Pencil+no.+20%E2%80%94Zapfiana+no.+1%3A+About+More+Alphabets&rft.aulast=Shaw&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paulshawletterdesign.com%2F2012%2F12%2Fblue-pencil-no-20-zapfiana-no-1-about-more-alphabets%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalatino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Goldberg2000-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Goldberg2000_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRon_Goldberg2000" class="citation book cs1">Ron Goldberg (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/digitaltypograph0000gold"><i>Digital Typography Pocket Primer</i></a></span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fonts+In+Use&rft.atitle=Philosophy+in+the+Middle+Ages&rft.date=2015-08-05&rft.aulast=Coles&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft.au=Hardwig%2C+Florian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fontsinuse.com%2Fuses%2F9777%2Fphilosophy-in-the-middle-ages&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalatino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hardwig_In_memoriam_Hermann_Zapf,_1918–2015-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hardwig_In_memoriam_Hermann_Zapf,_1918–2015_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHardwig" class="citation web cs1">Hardwig, Florian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.myfonts.de/2015/06/zapf/">"In memoriam Hermann Zapf, 1918–2015 (German)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/MyFonts" title="MyFonts">MyFonts</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Godine Publisher. pp. 22–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56792-220-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56792-220-2"><bdi>978-1-56792-220-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Century+for+the+Century%3A+Fine+Printed+Books+from+1900+to+1999&rft.pages=22-&rft.pub=David+R.+Godine+Publisher&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-56792-220-2&rft.au=Martin+Hutner&rft.au=Jerry+Kelly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOn2cttWtZ9AC%26pg%3DPR22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalatino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hardwig_FIU_Swash_caps-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hardwig_FIU_Swash_caps_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHardwig2015" class="citation web cs1">Hardwig, Florian (21 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fontsinuse.com/uses/10061/letters-home-by-sylvia-plath-harper-andamp-ro">"Letters Home by Sylvia Plath, Harper & Row"</a>. <i>Fonts In Use</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Yale University Press. pp. 170–2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-21929-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-21929-6"><bdi>978-0-300-21929-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revival+Type%3A+Digital+Typefaces+Inspired+by+the+Past&rft.pages=170-2&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2017-04-18&rft.isbn=978-0-300-21929-6&rft.au=Paul+Shaw&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn7e0DgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA170&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalatino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AmbroseHarris2005-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AmbroseHarris2005_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGavin_AmbrosePaul_Harris2005" class="citation book cs1">Gavin Ambrose; Paul Harris (1 June 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iQdOoDr2b5cC&pg=PA160"><i>Basics Design 03: Typography</i></a>. AVA Publishing. p. 160. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-940373-35-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-940373-35-2"><bdi>978-2-940373-35-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Basics+Design+03%3A+Typography&rft.pages=160&rft.pub=AVA+Publishing&rft.date=2005-06-01&rft.isbn=978-2-940373-35-2&rft.au=Gavin+Ambrose&rft.au=Paul+Harris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiQdOoDr2b5cC%26pg%3DPA160&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalatino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fonts_in_Use_Manuale_Typographicum-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fonts_in_Use_Manuale_Typographicum_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPurcell2015" class="citation web cs1">Purcell, Chris (6 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fontsinuse.com/uses/9553/manuale-typographicum-by-hermann-zapf">"Manuale Typographicum by Hermann Zapf"</a>. <i>Fonts in Use</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. pp. 446–449. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-041505-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-041505-6"><bdi>978-3-11-041505-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Der+Typograph+Hermann+Zapf%3A+Eine+Werkbiographie&rft.pages=446-449&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter+GmbH+%26+Co+KG&rft.date=2015-12-14&rft.isbn=978-3-11-041505-6&rft.aulast=Weichselbaumer&rft.aufirst=Nikolaus+Julius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Df9VaCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT447&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalatino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Michelangelo_BQ-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Michelangelo_BQ_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160421004827/https://www.myfonts.com/fonts/berthold/michelangelo-bq/">"Michelangelo BQ"</a>. <i>MyFonts</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=issuu&rft.atitle=Palatino+nova&rft.date=2012-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fissuu.com%2FLinotype%2Fdocs%2Fpalatino_nova_brochure&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalatino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hermann_Zapf_obituary_Foster-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hermann_Zapf_obituary_Foster_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoster2015" class="citation news cs1">Foster, Charles (July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2015/jul/01/hermann-zapf">"Hermann Zapf obituary"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Hermann+Zapf+obituary&rft.date=2015-07&rft.aulast=Foster&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fartanddesign%2F2015%2Fjul%2F01%2Fhermann-zapf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalatino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sumner_Stone_Typographics_Conference-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sumner_Stone_Typographics_Conference_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStone" class="citation web cs1">Stone, Sumner. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150928213844/http://typographics.com/projects/zapf/">"Hermann Zapf"</a>. Typographics Conference. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://typographics.com/projects/zapf/">the original</a> on 28 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hermann+Zapf&rft.pub=Typographics+Conference&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=Sumner&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftypographics.com%2Fprojects%2Fzapf%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalatino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fontshop_–_Hermann_Zapf_1918-2015-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fontshop_–_Hermann_Zapf_1918-2015_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiebert" class="citation web cs1">Siebert, Jürgen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fontshop.com/content/hermann-zapf-1918-2015">"Fontshop – Hermann Zapf 1918–2015"</a>. Fontshop<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fontshop+%E2%80%93+Hermann+Zapf+1918%E2%80%932015&rft.pub=Fontshop&rft.aulast=Siebert&rft.aufirst=J%C3%BCrgen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fontshop.com%2Fcontent%2Fhermann-zapf-1918-2015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalatino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStandard]1970" class="citation book cs1">Standard], Hermann Zapf. [Transl. by Paul (1970). <i>About alphabets : some marginal notes on type design</i> ([Rev. ed.] ed.). Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780262240109" title="Special:BookSources/9780262240109"><bdi>9780262240109</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=About+alphabets+%3A+some+marginal+notes+on+type+design.&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Mass.&rft.edition=%5BRev.+ed.%5D&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=9780262240109&rft.aulast=Standard%5D&rft.aufirst=Hermann+Zapf.+%5BTransl.+by+Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalatino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kompakt-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kompakt_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.myfonts.com/fonts/linotype/kompakt/">"Kompakt LT"</a>. <i>MyFonts</i>. Linotype<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MyFonts&rft.atitle=Kompakt+LT&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.myfonts.com%2Ffonts%2Flinotype%2Fkompakt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalatino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kompakt_Adobe-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kompakt_Adobe_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030116094945/http://www.myfonts.com/fonts/adobe/kompakt/">"Kompakt"</a>. <i>MyFonts</i>. Adobe. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.myfonts.com/fonts/adobe/kompakt/">the original</a> on January 16, 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MyFonts&rft.atitle=Kompakt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.myfonts.com%2Ffonts%2Fadobe%2Fkompakt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalatino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_39-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBringhurst2016" class="citation book cs1">Bringhurst, Robert (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/961937513"><i>Palatino : the natural history of a typeface</i></a> (1st trade ed.). Boston. pp. 173–175. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56792-572-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56792-572-2"><bdi>978-1-56792-572-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/961937513">961937513</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palatino+%3A+the+natural+history+of+a+typeface&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=173-175&rft.edition=1st+trade&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F961937513&rft.isbn=978-1-56792-572-2&rft.aulast=Bringhurst&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F961937513&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalatino" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zapf_Renaissance_Antiqua_LT-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Zapf_Renaissance_Antiqua_LT_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.myfonts.com/fonts/linotype/zapf-renaissance-antiqua/">"Zapf Renaissance Antiqua"</a>. <i>MyFonts</i>. Linotype<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2016</span>. <q>This version was based on Scangraphic SH version (For Display use) and not on the SB version (for text use).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MyFonts&rft.atitle=Zapf+Renaissance+Antiqua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.myfonts.com%2Ffonts%2Flinotype%2Fzapf-renaissance-antiqua%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalatino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palatino_Sans_specimen-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Palatino_Sans_specimen_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.linotype.co.jp/linotype%20volumes/Palatino%20Sans%20Brochure.pdf">"The New Palatino Sans: A supplement to Palatino nova designed by Hermann Zapf"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Linotype<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+New+Palatino+Sans%3A+A+supplement+to+Palatino+nova+designed+by+Hermann+Zapf&rft.pub=Linotype&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.linotype.co.jp%2Flinotype%2520volumes%2FPalatino%2520Sans%2520Brochure.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalatino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.msdn.com/b/fontblog/archive/2007/06/11/a-blast-from-type-past.aspx">"A blast from type past!"</a>. Microsoft.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+blast+from+type+past%21&rft.pub=Microsoft&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.msdn.com%2Fb%2Ffontblog%2Farchive%2F2007%2F06%2F11%2Fa-blast-from-type-past.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalatino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.msdn.com/b/fontblog/archive/2005/12/22/interrobang-interrobang.aspx">"MSDN Blogs"</a>. Microsoft.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MSDN+Blogs&rft.pub=Microsoft&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.msdn.com%2Fb%2Ffontblog%2Farchive%2F2005%2F12%2F22%2Finterrobang-interrobang.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalatino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.linotype.com/en/109932/palatinonova-family.html">Palatino nova Font Family – by Hermann Zapf, Akira Kobayashi</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2020">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Still_looking_for_refinements_at_87-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Still_looking_for_refinements_at_87_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406110024/https://www.linotype.com/2630/zapf-birthday-celebration.html">"Still looking for refinements at 87"</a>. <i>Linotype</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.linotype.com/2630/zapf-birthday-celebration.html">the original</a> on 6 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Linotype&rft.atitle=Still+looking+for+refinements+at+87&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.linotype.com%2F2630%2Fzapf-birthday-celebration.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalatino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palatino_Nova_Titling-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Palatino_Nova_Titling_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406155941/https://www.linotype.com/2567-18934/palatino-nova-titling.html">"Palatino Nova Titling"</a>. <i>Linotype</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.linotype.com/2567-18934/palatino-nova-titling.html">the original</a> on 6 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Linotype&rft.atitle=Palatino+Nova+Titling&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.linotype.com%2F2567-18934%2Fpalatino-nova-titling.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalatino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120909082007/http://www.linotype.com/en/2812/reinterpretationofaclassicintheplatinumcollection.html">"Linotype News – Press Releases"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.linotype.com/en/2812/reinterpretationofaclassicintheplatinumcollection.html">the original</a> on September 9, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Linotype+News+%E2%80%93+Press+Releases&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.linotype.com%2Fen%2F2812%2Freinterpretationofaclassicintheplatinumcollection.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalatino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130128055744/http://www.linotype.com/en/2809/linotypecelebrateshermannzapfsbirthdayandpalatinonovapremiere.html">"Linotype News – Press Releases"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.linotype.com/en/109957/aldusnova-family.html">the original</a> on 22 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Linotype&rft.atitle=Aldus+nova+family&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.linotype.com%2Fen%2F109957%2Faldusnova-family.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalatino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palatino_Sans_Brochure-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Palatino_Sans_Brochure_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.linotype.co.jp/linotype%20volumes/Palatino%20Sans%20Brochure.pdf">"Palatino Sans Brochure"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Linotype</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Linotype&rft.atitle=Palatino+Sans+Brochure&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.linotype.co.jp%2Flinotype%2520volumes%2FPalatino%2520Sans%2520Brochure.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalatino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palatino_Sans_issuu-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Palatino_Sans_issuu_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://issuu.com/Linotype/docs/palatinosansbrochure">"Palatino Sans"</a>. <i>issuu</i>. Linotype. 17 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=issuu&rft.atitle=Palatino+Sans&rft.date=2012-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fissuu.com%2FLinotype%2Fdocs%2Fpalatinosansbrochure&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalatino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150712091443/http://www.linotype.com/en/2567-18935/preannouncementpalatinosanssansinformal.html">"Linotype Platinum Collection – Linotype Palatino nova"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.linotype.com/en/2567-18935/preannouncementpalatinosanssansinformal.html">the original</a> on 2015-07-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-01-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Linotype+Platinum+Collection+%E2%80%93+Linotype+Palatino+nova&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.linotype.com%2Fen%2F2567-18935%2Fpreannouncementpalatinosanssansinformal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalatino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palatino_Sans_review-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Palatino_Sans_review_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPapazian" class="citation web cs1">Papazian, Hrant. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://typographica.org/typeface-reviews/palatino-sans/">"Palatino Sans review"</a>. <i>Typographica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Typographica&rft.atitle=Palatino+Sans+review&rft.aulast=Papazian&rft.aufirst=Hrant&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftypographica.org%2Ftypeface-reviews%2Fpalatino-sans%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalatino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palatino_Arabic-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Palatino_Arabic_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.myfonts.com/fonts/linotype/palatino-arabic/">"Palatino Arabic"</a>. <i>MyFonts</i>. Linotype<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MyFonts&rft.atitle=Palatino+Arabic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.myfonts.com%2Ffonts%2Flinotype%2Fpalatino-arabic%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalatino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDevroye" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Luc_Devroye" title="Luc Devroye">Devroye, Luc</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://luc.devroye.org/fonts-26201.html">"Hermann Zapf"</a>. <i>Luc Devroye on Type Design</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Luc+Devroye+on+Type+Design&rft.atitle=Hermann+Zapf&rft.aulast=Devroye&rft.aufirst=Luc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fluc.devroye.org%2Ffonts-26201.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalatino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Matteson-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Matteson_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatteson" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Matteson" title="Steve Matteson">Matteson, Steve</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190222195701/http://typecast.com/blog/type-qa-steve-matteson-from-monotype">"Type Q&A: Steve Matteson from Monotype"</a>. <i>Typecast</i>. Monotype. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://typecast.com/blog/type-qa-steve-matteson-from-monotype">the original</a> on 22 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Typecast&rft.atitle=Type+Q%26A%3A+Steve+Matteson+from+Monotype&rft.aulast=Matteson&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftypecast.com%2Fblog%2Ftype-qa-steve-matteson-from-monotype&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalatino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palatino_eText_MyFonts-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Palatino_eText_MyFonts_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.myfonts.com/fonts/linotype/palatino-etext/">"Palatino eText"</a>. <i>MyFonts</i>. Linotype<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MyFonts&rft.atitle=Palatino+eText&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.myfonts.com%2Ffonts%2Flinotype%2Fpalatino-etext%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalatino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Scourge_of_Arial-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Scourge_of_Arial_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Scourge_of_Arial_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimonson" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Simonson" title="Mark Simonson">Simonson, Mark</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marksimonson.com/notebook/view/the-scourge-of-arial">"The Scourge of Arial"</a>. <i>Mark Simonson Studio Notebook</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2016</span>. <q>Many type manufacturers in the past have done knock-offs of Helvetica that were indistinguishable or nearly so. For better or worse, in many countries—particularly the U.S.—while typeface names can be protected legally, typeface designs themselves are difficult to protect. So, if you wanted to buy a typesetting machine and wanted the real Helvetica, you had to buy Linotype. If you opted to purchase Compugraphic, AM, or Alphatype typesetting equipment, you couldn't get Helvetica. Instead you got Triumvirate, or Helios, or Megaron, or Newton, or whatever. Every typesetting manufacturer had its own Helvetica look-alike. It's quite possible that most of the "Helvetica" seen in the '70s was actually not Helvetica.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mark+Simonson+Studio+Notebook&rft.atitle=The+Scourge+of+Arial&rft.aulast=Simonson&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marksimonson.com%2Fnotebook%2Fview%2Fthe-scourge-of-arial&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalatino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Call_It_What_It_Is-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Call_It_What_It_Is_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDowner" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Downer_(signpainter)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Downer (signpainter)">Downer, John</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emigre.com/Editorial.php?sect=2&id=1">"Call It What It Is"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Emigre_(type_foundry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Emigre (type foundry)">Emigre</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Call+It+What+It+Is&rft.pub=Emigre&rft.aulast=Downer&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.emigre.com%2FEditorial.php%3Fsect%3D2%26id%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalatino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Font_Wars:_A_Story_On_Rivalry_Between_Type_Foundries-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Font_Wars:_A_Story_On_Rivalry_Between_Type_Foundries_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoxley2012" class="citation web cs1">Loxley, Simon (14 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2012/05/font-wars-story-on-rivalry-between-type-foundries/">"Font Wars: A Story On Rivalry Between Type Foundries"</a>. <i>Smashing Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smashing+Magazine&rft.atitle=Font+Wars%3A+A+Story+On+Rivalry+Between+Type+Foundries&rft.date=2012-05-14&rft.aulast=Loxley&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smashingmagazine.com%2F2012%2F05%2Ffont-wars-story-on-rivalry-between-type-foundries%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalatino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimonson" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Simonson" title="Mark Simonson">Simonson, Mark</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marksimonson.com/notebook/view/monotypes-other-arials">"Monotype's Other Arials"</a>. Mark Simonson Studio<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Monotype%27s+Other+Arials&rft.pub=Mark+Simonson+Studio&rft.aulast=Simonson&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marksimonson.com%2Fnotebook%2Fview%2Fmonotypes-other-arials&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalatino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Devroye_More_on_the_Palatino_story-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Devroye_More_on_the_Palatino_story_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDevroye" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Luc_Devroye" title="Luc Devroye">Devroye, Luc</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://luc.devroye.org/palatino2.html">"More on the Palatino story"</a>. <i>Type Design Information Page</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Type+Design+Information+Page&rft.atitle=More+on+the+Palatino+story&rft.aulast=Devroye&rft.aufirst=Luc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fluc.devroye.org%2Fpalatino2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalatino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marathon_Serial-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Marathon_Serial_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.myfonts.com/fonts/softmaker/marathon-serial/">"Marathon Serial"</a>. <i>MyFonts</i>. Softmaker<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MyFonts&rft.atitle=Marathon+Serial&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.myfonts.com%2Ffonts%2Fsoftmaker%2Fmarathon-serial%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalatino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zapf_Calligraphic_801_MyFonts-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Zapf_Calligraphic_801_MyFonts_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.myfonts.com/fonts/bitstream/zapf-calligraphic-801/">"Zapf Calligraphic 801"</a>. <i>MyFonts</i>. Bitstream<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MyFonts&rft.atitle=Zapf+Calligraphic+801&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.myfonts.com%2Ffonts%2Fbitstream%2Fzapf-calligraphic-801%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalatino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LaTeX_font_catalogue_Palladio-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LaTeX_font_catalogue_Palladio_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tug.dk/FontCatalogue/urwpalladio/">"URW Palladio"</a>. <i>The LaTeX font catalogue</i>. TeX Users Group Denmark<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+LaTeX+font+catalogue&rft.atitle=URW+Palladio&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tug.dk%2FFontCatalogue%2Furwpalladio%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalatino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-R_Cookbook-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-R_Cookbook_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cookbook-r.com/Graphs/Fonts/">"Fonts"</a>. <i>R Cookbook</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=R+Cookbook&rft.atitle=Fonts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cookbook-r.com%2FGraphs%2FFonts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APalatino" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SAS_&_R-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SAS_&_R_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorton2010" class="citation web cs1">Horton, Nicholas (19 April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sas-and-r.blogspot.co.uk/2010/04/example-733-specifying-fonts-in.html">"Specifying fonts in graphics"</a>. <i>SAS & R</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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This article follows Bringhurst's and Kelly's information of a 1949 release date.<sup id="cite_ref-Letterology_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Letterology-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schneider_Bringhurst:_Zapf's_California_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schneider_Bringhurst:_Zapf's_California-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Book_Typography_of_Hermann_Zapf_date_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Book_Typography_of_Hermann_Zapf_date-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1950 has also sometimes been given as the release date.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Those listed are Palatino in roman, italic with swash capitals, small caps and bold, Michaelangelo, Sistina, the Greek titling Phidias (complementary in weight to Michaelangelo), Aldus and the Greek face Heraklit (shown only at text size) and the stylistically unrelated display face Kompakt ('a strong brother-in-law'), the scripts Virtuosa and Frederika, the decorated Saphir and the blackletter Gilgenart.<sup id="cite_ref-From_Condensed_Light_to_Extended_Ultra_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-From_Condensed_Light_to_Extended_Ultra-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palatino&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Blackwell, Lewis. <i>20th Century Type.</i> Yale University Press: 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-10073-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-10073-6">0-300-10073-6</a>.</li> <li>Fiedl, Frederich, Nicholas Ott and Bernard Stein. <i>Typography: An Encyclopedic Survey of Type Design and Techniques Through History.</i> Black Dog & Leventhal: 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57912-023-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-57912-023-7">1-57912-023-7</a>.</li> <li>Jaspert, W. Pincus, W. Turner Berry and A.F. Johnson. <i>The Encyclopedia of Type Faces.</i> Blandford Press Lts.: 1953, 1983. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7137-1347-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7137-1347-X">0-7137-1347-X</a>.</li> <li>Lawson, Alexander S., <i><a href="/wiki/Anatomy_of_a_Typeface" title="Anatomy of a Typeface">Anatomy of a Typeface</a></i>. Godine: 1990. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87923-333-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87923-333-4">978-0-87923-333-4</a>.</li> <li>Macmillan, Neil. <i>An A–Z of Type Designers.</i> Yale University Press: 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-11151-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-11151-7">0-300-11151-7</a>.</li> <li>Zapf, Hermann. <i>Manuale Typographicum.</i> The MIT Press: 19534, 1970. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-262-24011-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-262-24011-4">0-262-24011-4</a>.</li> <li>Zapf, Hermann. <i>Alphabet Stories: a chronicle of technical development.</i> Linotype: 2007.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a> typefaces</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Serif" title="Serif">Serif</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academy_Engraved" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Engraved">Academy Engraved</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Typewriter" title="American Typewriter">American Typewriter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athelas_(typeface)" title="Athelas (typeface)">Athelas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baskerville" title="Baskerville">Baskerville MT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Caslon" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Caslon">Big Caslon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodoni" title="Bodoni">Bodoni 72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canela_(typeface)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canela (typeface)">Canela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochin_(typeface)" title="Cochin (typeface)">Cochin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitstream_Charter" title="Bitstream Charter">Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didot_(typeface)" title="Didot (typeface)">Didot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klim_Type_Foundry" title="Klim Type Foundry">Domaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(typeface)" title="Georgia (typeface)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoefler_Text" title="Hoefler Text">Hoefler Text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowan_Old_Style" title="Iowan Old Style">Iowan Old Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_(typeface)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marion (typeface)">Marion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_(2019_typeface)" title="New York (2019 typeface)">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Produkt_(typeface)" class="mw-redirect" title="Produkt (typeface)">Produkt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Type" title="Commercial Type">Publico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STIX_Fonts_project" title="STIX Fonts project">STIX Fonts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarendon_(typeface)" title="Clarendon (typeface)">Superclarendon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Palatino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PT_Fonts" title="PT Fonts">PT Serif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockwell_(typeface)" title="Rockwell (typeface)">Rockwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Times_New_Roman" title="Times New Roman">Times, Times New Roman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sans-serif" title="Sans-serif">Sans-serif</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Adelle Sans</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arial" title="Arial">Arial, Arial Rounded</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arial_Unicode_MS" title="Arial Unicode MS">Arial Unicode MS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avenir_(typeface)" title="Avenir (typeface)">Avenir, Avenir Next</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DIN_1451" title="DIN 1451">DIN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druk_(typeface)" class="mw-redirect" title="Druk (typeface)">Druk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphemia_(typeface)" title="Euphemia (typeface)">Euphemia UCAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founders_Grotesk" class="mw-redirect" title="Founders Grotesk">Founders Grotesk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futura_(typeface)" title="Futura (typeface)">Futura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geneva_(typeface)" title="Geneva (typeface)">Geneva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gill_Sans" title="Gill Sans">Gill Sans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphik" title="Graphik">Graphik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helvetica" title="Helvetica">Helvetica, Helvetica Neue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_(typeface)" title="Impact (typeface)">Impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucida_Grande" title="Lucida Grande">Lucida Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Sans_Serif" title="Microsoft Sans Serif">Microsoft Sans Serif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myriad_(typeface)" title="Myriad (typeface)">Myriad Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noto_Sans" class="mw-redirect" title="Noto Sans">Noto Sans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Bi%C4%BEak" title="Peter Biľak">October</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PT_Fonts" title="PT Fonts">PT Sans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optima" title="Optima">Optima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erbar_(typeface)" class="mw-redirect" title="Erbar (typeface)">Phosphate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proxima_Nova" class="mw-redirect" title="Proxima Nova">Proxima Nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_(sans-serif_typeface)" title="San Francisco (sans-serif typeface)">San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seravek" title="Seravek">Seravek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skia_(typeface)" title="Skia (typeface)">Skia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahoma_(typeface)" title="Tahoma (typeface)">Tahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trebuchet_MS" title="Trebuchet MS">Trebuchet MS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdana" title="Verdana">Verdana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Monospaced" class="mw-redirect" title="Monospaced">Monospaced</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andal%C3%A9_Mono" title="Andalé Mono">Andalé Mono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">Apple Braille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courier_(typeface)" title="Courier (typeface)">Courier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Courier_New" class="mw-redirect" title="Courier New">Courier New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menlo_(typeface)" title="Menlo (typeface)">Menlo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco_(typeface)" title="Monaco (typeface)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PT_Fonts" title="PT Fonts">PT Mono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_(sans-serif_typeface)" title="San Francisco (sans-serif typeface)">SF Mono</a></li> <li>Spot Mono</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Script_typeface" title="Script typeface">Script</a> / <a href="/wiki/Display_typeface" title="Display typeface">Display</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Chancery" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Chancery">Apple Chancery</a></li> <li>Bradley Hand Bold</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brush_Script" title="Brush Script">Brush Script MT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalkboard_(typeface)" title="Chalkboard (typeface)">Chalkboard</a></li> <li>Chalkduster</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comic_Sans" title="Comic Sans">Comic Sans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copperplate_Gothic" title="Copperplate Gothic">Copperplate</a></li> <li>Herculanum</li> <li>Luminari</li> <li>Marker Felt</li> <li>Noteworthy</li> <li>Pilgiche</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_(typeface)" title="Papyrus (typeface)">Papyrus</a></li> <li>Quotes</li> <li>Sauber Script</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letraset" title="Letraset">Savoye LET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_Industries" title="House Industries">SignPainter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snell_Roundhand" class="mw-redirect" title="Snell Roundhand">Snell Roundhand</a></li> <li>Trattatello</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapfino" title="Zapfino">Zapfino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Non-alphabetic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Color_Emoji" title="Apple Color Emoji">Apple Color Emoji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Symbols" title="Apple Symbols">Apple Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbol_(typeface)" title="Symbol (typeface)">Symbol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webdings" title="Webdings">Webdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wingdings" title="Wingdings">Wingdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapf_Dingbats" title="Zapf Dingbats">Zapf Dingbats</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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