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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Other teams</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_teams-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Successor_leagues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Successor_leagues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Successor leagues</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Successor_leagues-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Successor leagues subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Successor_leagues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ohio_Valley_League_(1925-1929)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ohio_Valley_League_(1925-1929)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Ohio Valley League (1925-1929)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ohio_Valley_League_(1925-1929)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Champions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Champions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Champions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Champions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ohio_Professional_Football_League_(1941)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ohio_Professional_Football_League_(1941)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Ohio Professional Football League (1941)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ohio_Professional_Football_League_(1941)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div 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.navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Ohio League</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Sport</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1902</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">First season</th><td class="infobox-data">1902</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Ceased</th><td class="infobox-data">1919</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Claim to fame</th><td class="infobox-data">Predecessor to the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> (NFL)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">No. of teams</th><td class="infobox-data">23</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Venue(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Armory_Park" title="Armory Park">Armory Park</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Idora_Park,_Youngstown" class="mw-redirect" title="Idora Park, Youngstown">Idora Park</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Indianola_Park" title="Indianola Park">Indianola Park</a><br /><a href="/wiki/League_Field" title="League Field">League Field</a><br /><a href="/wiki/League_Park_(Akron)" title="League Park (Akron)">League Park</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Luna_Bowl" class="mw-redirect" title="Luna Bowl">Luna Bowl</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Swayne_Field" title="Swayne Field">Swayne Field</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ironton_Tanks#Tank_Stadium" title="Ironton Tanks">Tank Stadium</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Triangle_Park_(Dayton)" title="Triangle Park (Dayton)">Triangle Park</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Last<br />champion(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canton_Bulldogs" title="Canton Bulldogs">Canton Bulldogs</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Most titles</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Massillon_Tigers" title="Massillon Tigers">Massillon Tigers</a> (5)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Related<br />competitions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Pro_Football_League" title="New York Pro Football League">New York Pro Football League</a> (NYPFL)<br /><a href="/wiki/Western_Pennsylvania_Professional_Football_Circuit" title="Western Pennsylvania Professional Football Circuit">Western Pennsylvania Professional Football Circuit</a><br />Chicago League</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Ohio League</b> was an informal and loose association of <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> clubs active between 1902 and 1919 that competed for the <b>Ohio Independent Championship</b> (OIC). As the name implied, its teams were mostly based in <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>. It is the direct predecessor to the modern <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> (NFL). </p><p>A proposal to add teams from outside Ohio, such as the <a href="/wiki/Latrobe_Athletic_Association" title="Latrobe Athletic Association">Latrobe Athletic Association</a>, to form a formal league known as the "Football Association" fell through prior to the 1904 season. </p><p>Though a <a href="/wiki/Professional_American_football_championship_games" title="Professional American football championship games">champion</a> was declared by the group throughout its existence, a formal league was not founded until 1920, when several Ohio League teams added clubs from other states to form the <a href="/wiki/American_Professional_Football_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="American Professional Football Association">American Professional Football Association</a>. In 1922, the APFA became the National Football League. </p><p>All but one of the remaining Ohio League teams left the NFL after the <a href="/wiki/1926_NFL_season" title="1926 NFL season">1926 season</a>, with the sole remaining team, the <a href="/wiki/Dayton_Triangles" title="Dayton Triangles">Dayton Triangles</a>, surviving until 1929, before moving to Brooklyn, playing as the Dodgers. That team merged with the Boston Yanks in 1945. The merger ended after the end of 1945 season. The league cancelled the Brooklyn franchise. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Championships">Championships</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ohio_League&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Championships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Champion </th> <th>W </th> <th>L </th> <th>T </th> <th>Deciding game </th></tr> <tr> <td>1902 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Akron_East_Ends" title="Akron East Ends">Akron East Ends</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1903 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Massillon_Tigers" title="Massillon Tigers">Massillon Tigers</a> </td> <td>8 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>def. Akron East Ends, 11-0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1904 </td> <td>Massillon Tigers </td> <td>7 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>def. Akron East Ends, 6-5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1905 </td> <td>Massillon Tigers </td> <td>10 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>def. <a href="/wiki/Canton_Bulldogs" title="Canton Bulldogs">Canton Bulldogs</a>, 10-0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1906 </td> <td>Massillon Tigers </td> <td>10 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>def. Canton Bulldogs, 13-6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1907 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Massillon_Tigers" title="Massillon Tigers">Massillon Tigers</a> </td> <td>7 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>1 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1908 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Akron_Pros" title="Akron Pros">Akron Indians</a> </td> <td>8 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1909 </td> <td>Akron Indians </td> <td>9 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>def. <a href="/wiki/Shelby_Blues" title="Shelby Blues">Shelby Blues</a>, 12-9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1910 </td> <td>Shelby Blues and <a href="/wiki/Shelby_Tigers" title="Shelby Tigers">Shelby Tigers</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>14 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>def. Akron Indians, 8-5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1911 </td> <td>Shelby Blues </td> <td>10 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>def. Canton Bulldogs, 1-0 (forfeit) </td></tr> <tr> <td>1912 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elyria_Athletics" title="Elyria Athletics">Elyria Athletics</a> </td> <td>8 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>def. Akron Indians </td></tr> <tr> <td>1913 </td> <td>Akron Indians </td> <td>8 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>def. Shelby Blues, 20-0<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1914 </td> <td>Akron Parratt's Indians </td> <td>8 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>def. Canton Bulldogs, 21-0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1915 </td> <td>Disputed </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1916 </td> <td>Canton Bulldogs </td> <td>9 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>def. Massillon Tigers, 24-0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1917 </td> <td>Canton Bulldogs </td> <td>9 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>def. <a href="/wiki/Detroit_(1920s_NFL_teams)" title="Detroit (1920s NFL teams)">Detroit Heralds</a>, 7-0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1918 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dayton_Triangles" title="Dayton Triangles">Dayton Triangles</a> </td> <td>8 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>def. Detroit Heralds </td></tr> <tr> <td>1919 </td> <td>Canton Bulldogs </td> <td>9 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_teams">Other teams</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ohio_League&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Other teams"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This list is complete and up to date as of <span class="nowrap">November 2021</span>.</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akron_Pros" title="Akron Pros">Akron Pros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Celts" title="Cincinnati Celts">Cincinnati Celts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Panthers" title="Cleveland Panthers">Cleveland Panthers</a> (debuted 1919, mainly played non-Ohio teams)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Tigers_(NFL)" title="Cleveland Tigers (NFL)">Cleveland Tigers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coleman_Athletic_Club" title="Coleman Athletic Club">Coleman Athletic Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_Panhandles" title="Columbus Panhandles">Columbus Panhandles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Athletic_Club_of_Cleveland" title="Franklin Athletic Club of Cleveland">Franklin Athletic Club of Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ironton_Tanks" title="Ironton Tanks">Ironton Tanks</a> (merger of Irish Town Rags and the Lombards)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lancaster_Anchors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lancaster Anchors (page does not exist)">Lancaster Anchors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_Spartans" title="Portsmouth Spartans">Portsmouth Spartans</a> (moved to Detroit in 1933, now known as the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Lions" title="Detroit Lions">Detroit Lions</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelby_Tigers" title="Shelby Tigers">Shelby Tigers</a> (merged with Shelby Blues in 1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo_Maroons" title="Toledo Maroons">Toledo Maroons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Vigilants" title="Washington Vigilants">Washington Vigilants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youngstown_Patricians" title="Youngstown Patricians">Youngstown Patricians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanesville_Mark_Greys" class="mw-redirect" title="Zanesville Mark Greys">Zanesville Mark Greys</a></li></ul> <p>Further, the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Heralds" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit Heralds">Detroit Heralds</a>, though based in Michigan, played many of its games against Ohio teams. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Successor_leagues">Successor leagues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ohio_League&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Successor leagues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ohio_Valley_League_(1925-1929)"><span id="Ohio_Valley_League_.281925-1929.29"></span>Ohio Valley League (1925-1929)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ohio_League&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ohio Valley League (1925-1929)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some of the better teams of the 1920s, who did not join the <a href="/wiki/NFL" class="mw-redirect" title="NFL">NFL</a> existed in the <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohio Valley">Ohio Valley</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and would form an unofficial but recognized circuit - <b>The Ohio Valley League</b> - which resembled the old Ohio League.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "league" collapsed at the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-OutsidersII_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OutsidersII-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The two stronger teams in the league were the <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_Spartans" title="Portsmouth Spartans">Portsmouth Spartans</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ironton_Tanks" title="Ironton Tanks">Ironton Tanks</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that in the year after the circuit died (1930) beat the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Giants" title="New York Giants">New York Giants</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Bears" title="Chicago Bears">Chicago Bears</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the Spartans would join the NFL and would later become the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Lions" title="Detroit Lions">Detroit Lions</a>. Two other noteworthy teams were the <a href="/wiki/AK_Steel_Holding" class="mw-redirect" title="AK Steel Holding">Armco Corporation</a> employees teams - Ashland Armco Yellowjackets (Kentucky) and Middletown Armco Blues (Ohio),<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who featured many former college All-Americans, including <a href="/wiki/Red_Roberts_(American_football)" title="Red Roberts (American football)">Red Roberts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Champions">Champions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ohio_League&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Champions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1925 Ironton Tanks (9-1-2)<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> 1926 Ironton Tanks (11-1-1)<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> 1927 Ashland Armco Yellowjackets (7-1-3)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> 1928 Ironton Tanks (7-1-3)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> 1929 Portsmouth Spartans (12-2-1)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ohio_Professional_Football_League_(1941)"><span id="Ohio_Professional_Football_League_.281941.29"></span>Ohio Professional Football League (1941)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ohio_League&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ohio Professional Football League (1941)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1941, there was a resurgence in pro football in Ohio, as local teams tried to form a new professional league called <b>The Ohio Professional Football League</b> (also known as <i>Ohio Valley League</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Six teams came together in an attempt to restore the region's former old glory: The Dayton Dakotas, Dayton Merchants, Cincinnati Pepsi-Colas, Columbus Avondales, Middletown Merchants, and another <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canadian</a> team the Thomas Athletic Club from <a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Ontario" title="Windsor, Ontario">Windsor, Ontario</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but they withdrew from the league before the season started. </p><p>The circuit operated on a much smaller scale from previous leagues, and did not return for a second season. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%; text-align:center"> <caption>1941 League standings </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Team </th> <th width="25"><abbr title="Wins">W</abbr> </th> <th width="25"><abbr title="Losses">L</abbr> </th> <th width="25"><abbr title="Ties">T</abbr> </th> <th width="30"><abbr title="Winning percentage">PCT</abbr> </th></tr> <tr style="background:#cfc;"> <td style="text-align:left;">Cincinnati Pepsi-Colas<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>7 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>1.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Dayton Dakotas<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>5 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>.714 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Middletown Merchants<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>.500 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Columbus Avondales<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>.167 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Dayton Merchants<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>0 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>.063 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ohio_League&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canton_Bulldogs-Massillon_Tigers_Betting_Scandal" class="mw-redirect" title="Canton Bulldogs-Massillon Tigers Betting Scandal">Canton Bulldogs-Massillon Tigers Betting Scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_National_Football_League" title="History of the National Football League">History of the National Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Pro_Football_League" title="New York Pro Football League">New York Pro Football League</a>, another NFL predecessor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Pennsylvania_Professional_Football_Circuit" title="Western Pennsylvania Professional Football Circuit">Western Pennsylvania Professional Football Circuit</a>, another early pro football circuit that competed at times with various Ohio League teams.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ohio_League&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBraunwartCarroll1981" class="citation journal cs1">Braunwart, Bob; Carroll, Bob (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140822043543/http://www.profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/03-07-068.pdf">"The Ohio League"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Coffin_Corner" class="mw-redirect" title="The Coffin Corner">The Coffin Corner</a></i>. <b>3</b> (7). <a href="/wiki/Professional_Football_Researchers_Association" title="Professional Football Researchers Association">Professional Football Researchers Association</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.profootballresearchers.org/Coffin_Corner/03-07-068.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2014-08-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Coffin+Corner&rft.atitle=The+Ohio+League&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=7&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Braunwart&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft.au=Carroll%2C+Bob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.profootballresearchers.org%2FCoffin_Corner%2F03-07-068.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOhio+League" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>NFL.com history pages: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nfl.com/history/chronology/1869-1910">1869-1910</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120513181529/http://grfx.cstv.com/photos/schools/bay/sports/m-footbl/auto_pdf/09-ma-section05.pdf">1911-1920</a></li> <li>Sye, Roy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independentfootball.site90.com/FootballResearch/unofficial_independent.htm/">Independent Football History</a> (Sye is Vice-President of the <a href="/wiki/Professional_Football_Researchers_Association" title="Professional Football Researchers Association">Professional Football Researchers Association</a> committee in charge of researching professional football prior to 1920.)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ohio_League&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Massillon won by tiebreaker of common opponents. While both Massillon and the <a href="/wiki/Shelby_Blues" title="Shelby Blues">Shelby Blues</a> went undefeated and played each other once to a scoreless tie, Shelby tied the <a href="/wiki/Columbus_Panhandles" title="Columbus Panhandles">Columbus Panhandles</a>, while Massillon had defeated Columbus twice.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Both teams finished undefeated, but shared so many players that it was impossible to stage a true championship game. Their records were added together and the two organizations shared the title and officially merged in 1911. The Tigers name was spun off to another team.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">While Akron is traditionally listed as champions, the <a href="/wiki/Dayton_Triangles" title="Dayton Triangles">Dayton Cadets</a> won the Southern Division title with an undefeated record. Akron and Dayton never faced each other.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/Professional_Football_Researchers_Association" title="Professional Football Researchers Association">Professional Football Researchers Association</a> lists 1915 as "no clear champion" and discounts the <a href="/wiki/Youngstown_Patricians" title="Youngstown Patricians">Youngstown Patricians</a>, the only undefeated team that year, as having a subpar schedule. Canton and Massillon, the next two contenders, tied at 5-2-2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.profootballresearchers.com/archives/Website_Files/Coffin_Corner/17-03-605.pdf">"the Ohio Valley in 1924"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150915091534/http://www.profootballresearchers.com/archives/Website_Files/Coffin_Corner/17-03-605.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on September 15, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=the+Ohio+Valley+in+1924&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.profootballresearchers.com%2Farchives%2FWebsite_Files%2FCoffin_Corner%2F17-03-605.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOhio+League" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.profootballresearchers.org/archives/Website_Files/Coffin_Corner/15-03-518.pdf">"Thorpe's Farewell Season"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150907220103/http://www.profootballresearchers.org/archives/Website_Files/Coffin_Corner/15-03-518.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on September 7, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thorpe%27s+Farewell+Season&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.profootballresearchers.org%2Farchives%2FWebsite_Files%2FCoffin_Corner%2F15-03-518.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOhio+League" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OutsidersII-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OutsidersII_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bob Gill, with Tod Maher. <i>Outsiders II: Minor League And Independent Football, 1951-1985</i>, St. Johann Press, 2010. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1878282654" title="Special:BookSources/1878282654">1878282654</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210610194118/http://profootballresearchers.org/archives/Website_Files/Coffin_Corner/10-02-333.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on June 10, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Armco%27s+Semi-Pro+Football+Teams&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprofootballresearchers.org%2Farchives%2FWebsite_Files%2FCoffin_Corner%2F10-02-333.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOhio+League" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.profootballarchives.com/1925iront.html">"1925 Ironton Tanks"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1925+Ironton+Tanks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.profootballarchives.com%2F1925iront.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOhio+League" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.profootballarchives.com/1926irontt.html">"1926 Ironton Tanks"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1926+Ironton+Tanks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.profootballarchives.com%2F1926irontt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOhio+League" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.profootballarchives.com/1927ash.html">"1927 Ashland Armcos"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1927+Ashland+Armcos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.profootballarchives.com%2F1927ash.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOhio+League" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.profootballarchives.com/1928irontt.html">"1928 Ironton Tanks"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1928+Ironton+Tanks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.profootballarchives.com%2F1928irontt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOhio+League" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.profootballarchives.com/1929por.html">"1929 Portsmouth Spartans"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1929+Portsmouth+Spartans&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.profootballarchives.com%2F1929por.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOhio+League" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/77099456/the-journal-herald/">"Dakotas to Stand Pat On Lineup"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Journal_Herald" class="mw-redirect" title="The Journal Herald">The Journal Herald</a></i>. October 10, 1941<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 5,</span> 2021</span> – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+Herald&rft.atitle=Dakotas+to+Stand+Pat+On+Lineup&rft.date=1941-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F77099456%2Fthe-journal-herald%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOhio+League" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/77098917/dayton-daily-news/">"2 Dayton Teams In New Pro Football Circuit"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dayton_Daily_News" title="Dayton Daily News">Dayton Daily News</a></i>. September 21, 1941<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 5,</span> 2021</span> – via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dayton+Daily+News&rft.atitle=2+Dayton+Teams+In+New+Pro+Football+Circuit&rft.date=1941-09-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F77098917%2Fdayton-daily-news%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOhio+League" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.profootballarchives.com/1941ovflcin.html">"1941 Cincinnati Pepsi-Colas (OVFL)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1941+Cincinnati+Pepsi-Colas+%28OVFL%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.profootballarchives.com%2F1941ovflcin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOhio+League" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.profootballarchives.com/1941ovfldayd.html">"1941 Dayton Dakotas (OVFL)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1941+Dayton+Dakotas+%28OVFL%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.profootballarchives.com%2F1941ovfldayd.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOhio+League" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.profootballarchives.com/1941ovflmid.html">"1941 Middletown Merchants (OVFL)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1941+Middletown+Merchants+%28OVFL%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.profootballarchives.com%2F1941ovflmid.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOhio+League" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.profootballarchives.com/1941ovflcol.html">"1941 Columbus Avondales (OVFL)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1941+Columbus+Avondales+%28OVFL%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.profootballarchives.com%2F1941ovflcol.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOhio+League" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.profootballarchives.com/1941ovfldaym.html">"1941 Dayton Merchants (OVFL)"</a>.</cite><span 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ohio_League40" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ohio League</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akron_East_Ends" title="Akron East Ends">Akron East Ends</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akron_Pros" title="Akron Pros">Akron Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canton_Bulldogs" title="Canton Bulldogs">Canton Bulldogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati_Celts" title="Cincinnati Celts">Cincinnati Celts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Panthers" title="Cleveland Panthers">Cleveland Panthers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Tigers_(NFL)" title="Cleveland Tigers (NFL)">Cleveland Tigers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coleman_Athletic_Club" title="Coleman Athletic Club">Coleman Athletic Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_Panhandles" title="Columbus Panhandles">Columbus Panhandles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayton_Triangles" title="Dayton Triangles">Dayton Triangles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_(1920s_NFL_teams)" title="Detroit (1920s NFL teams)">Detroit Heralds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elyria_Athletics" title="Elyria Athletics">Elyria Athletics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Athletic_Club_of_Cleveland" title="Franklin Athletic Club of Cleveland">Franklin Athletic Club of Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ironton_Tanks" title="Ironton Tanks">Ironton Tanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massillon_Tigers" title="Massillon Tigers">Massillon Tigers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelby_Blues" title="Shelby Blues">Shelby Blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelby_Tigers" title="Shelby Tigers">Shelby Tigers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toledo_Maroons" title="Toledo Maroons">Toledo Maroons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youngstown_Patricians" title="Youngstown Patricians">Youngstown Patricians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanesville_Mark_Grays" title="Zanesville Mark Grays">Zanesville Mark Grays</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stadia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armory_Park" title="Armory Park">Armory Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idora_Park,_Youngstown" class="mw-redirect" title="Idora Park, Youngstown">Idora Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianola_Park" title="Indianola Park">Indianola Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_Field" title="League Field">League Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_Park" title="League Park">League Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_Park_(Akron)" title="League Park (Akron)">League Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_Bowl" class="mw-redirect" title="Luna Bowl">Luna Bowl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swayne_Field" title="Swayne Field">Swayne Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ironton_Tanks#Tank_Stadium" title="Ironton Tanks">Tank Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangle_Park_(Dayton)" title="Triangle Park (Dayton)">Triangle Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canton_Bulldogs%E2%80%93Massillon_Tigers_betting_scandal" title="Canton Bulldogs–Massillon Tigers betting scandal">Canton Bulldogs–Massillon Tigers betting scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesser_brothers" title="Nesser brothers">Nesser brothers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="American_football_in_the_United_States611" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_football_in_the_United_States" title="Template:American football in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_football_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:American football in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_football_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American football in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="American_football_in_the_United_States611" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American_football_in_the_United_States" title="American football in the United States">American football in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_American_football" title="History of American football">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_American_football" title="Early history of American football">Early</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Football_Union" title="American Football Union">American Football Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercollegiate_Football_Association" title="Intercollegiate Football Association">Intercollegiate Football Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Football_League_(1902)" title="National Football League (1902)">National Football League (1902)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Pro_Football_League" title="New York Pro Football League">New York Pro Football League</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ohio League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Pennsylvania_Professional_Football_Circuit" title="Western Pennsylvania Professional Football Circuit">Western Pennsylvania Professional Football Circuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Series_of_Football_(1902%E2%80%9303)" title="World Series of Football (1902–03)">World Series of Football (1902–03)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modern_history_of_American_football" title="Modern history of American football">Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Major_professional_sports_leagues_in_the_United_States_and_Canada" title="Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada">Major</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-America_Football_Conference" title="All-America Football Conference">All-America Football Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Football_League_(1926)" title="American Football League (1926)">American Football League (1926)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Football_League" title="American Football League">American Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Football_League_(1936)" title="American Football League (1936)">American Football League (1936)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Football_League_(1940)" title="American Football League (1940)">American Football League (1940)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Football_League" title="United States Football League">United States Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Football_League" title="World Football League">World Football League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minor_league" title="Minor league">Minor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_American_Football" title="Alliance of American Football">Alliance of American Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Association_(American_football)" title="American Association (American football)">American Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthracite_League" title="Anthracite League">Anthracite League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Coast_Football_League" title="Atlantic Coast Football League">Atlantic Coast Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Football_League" title="Continental Football League">Continental Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixie_League_(American_football)" title="Dixie League (American football)">Dixie League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwest_Football_League_(1935%E2%80%931940)" title="Midwest Football League (1935–1940)">Midwest Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFL_Europe" title="NFL Europe">NFL Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Coast_Professional_Football_League" title="Pacific Coast Professional Football League">Pacific Coast Professional Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Football_League_(1961%E2%80%931964)" title="United Football League (1961–1964)">United Football League (1961–1964)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Football_League_(2009%E2%80%932012)" title="United Football League (2009–2012)">United Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Football_League_(2022)" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Football League (2022)">United States Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XFL_(2001)" title="XFL (2001)">XFL (2001)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XFL_(2020)" class="mw-redirect" title="XFL (2020)">XFL (2020)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Developmental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Spring_League" title="The Spring League">The Spring League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Your_Call_Football" title="Your Call Football">Your Call Football</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Halls of fame</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pro_Football_Hall_of_Fame" title="Pro Football Hall of Fame">Professional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_Football_Hall_of_Fame" title="College Football Hall of Fame">College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_Football_Hall_of_Fame" title="Arena Football Hall of Fame">Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_Football_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="Indoor Football Hall of Fame">Indoor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Professional_gridiron_football" title="Professional gridiron football">Professional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">NFL</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_National_Football_League" title="History of the National Football League">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFL_playoffs" title="NFL playoffs">Playoffs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AFC_Championship_Game" title="AFC Championship Game">AFC Championship Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NFC_Championship_Game" title="NFC Championship Game">NFC Championship Game</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro_Bowl" title="Pro Bowl">Pro Bowl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl" title="Super Bowl">Super Bowl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minor_league_football_(gridiron)" title="Minor league football (gridiron)">Other outdoor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A7FL" title="A7FL">American 7s Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Football_League_(2024)" title="United Football League (2024)">United Football League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indoor_American_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Indoor American football">Indoor leagues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Arena_League" title="American Arena League">American Arena League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_Football_Association" title="Arena Football Association">Arena Football Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_West_Football_Conference" title="American West Football Conference">American West Football Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_Football_League" title="Arena Football League">Arena Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Indoor_Football" title="American Indoor Football">American Indoor Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champions_Indoor_Football" title="Champions Indoor Football">Champions Indoor Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_Football_League" title="Indoor Football League">Indoor Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Arena_League" title="National Arena League">National Arena League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Arena_Football" title="Great Lakes Arena Football">Great Lakes Arena Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_Controlled_Football" title="Fan Controlled Football">Fan Controlled Football</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed leagues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Patriot_League" title="American Patriot League">American Patriot League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Spring_Football_League" class="mw-redirect" title="American Spring Football League">American Spring Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Football_League" title="Freedom Football League">Freedom Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Arena_League" title="The Arena League">The Arena League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Football_Researchers_Association" title="Professional Football Researchers Association">Researchers Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/College_football" title="College football">College</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/National_Collegiate_Athletic_Association" title="National Collegiate Athletic Association">NCAA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Football_Bowl_Subdivision" title="NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision">FBS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College_football_national_championships_in_NCAA_Division_I_FBS" title="College football national championships in NCAA Division I FBS">National championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_Football_Playoff_National_Championship" title="College Football Playoff National Championship">Playoff National Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_Football_Playoff" title="College Football Playoff">Playoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowl_game" title="Bowl game">Bowl game</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Football_Championship_Subdivision" title="NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision">FCS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Football_Championship" title="NCAA Division I Football Championship">Championship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Intercollegiate_Athletics" title="National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics">NAIA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NAIA_Football_National_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NAIA Football National Championship">National Championship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Junior_College_Athletic_Association" title="National Junior College Athletic Association">NJCAA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NJCAA_National_Football_Championship" title="NJCAA National Football Championship">Championship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Signing_Day" title="National Signing Day">National Signing Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Junior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/High_school_football" title="High school football">High school</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_School_Football_National_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="High School Football National Championship">High School Football National Championship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_State_High_School_Associations" title="National Federation of State High School Associations">National Federation of State High School Associations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Signing_Day" title="National Signing Day">National Signing Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Youth / middle</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Youth_Football" title="American Youth Football">American Youth Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_Warner_Little_Scholars" title="Pop Warner Little Scholars">Pop Warner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_American_football" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's American football">Women's</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legends_Football_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Legends Football League">Extreme Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Women%27s_Football_League" title="United States Women's Football League">United States Women's Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Football_Alliance" title="Women's Football Alliance">Women's Football Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_National_Football_Conference" title="Women's National Football Conference">Women's National Football Conference</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USA_Football" title="USA Football">USA Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_men%27s_national_American_football_team" title="United States men's national American football team">National men's team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_women%27s_national_American_football_team" title="United States women's national American football team">National women's team</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_football_films" title="List of American football films">List of American football films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_and_American_football" title="Donald Trump and American football">Donald Trump and American football</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:American_football_in_the_United_States" title="Category:American football in the United States">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:American_football_in_the_United_States" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:American football in the United States">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:American_football" title="Portal:American football">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Professional_gridiron_football_leagues_in_North_America235" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Professional_gridiron_football_leagues_in_North_America" title="Template:Professional gridiron football leagues in North America"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Professional_gridiron_football_leagues_in_North_America" title="Template talk:Professional gridiron football leagues in North America"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Professional_gridiron_football_leagues_in_North_America" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Professional gridiron football leagues in North America"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Professional_gridiron_football_leagues_in_North_America235" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Professional <a href="/wiki/List_of_American_and_Canadian_football_leagues" title="List of American and Canadian football leagues">gridiron football leagues</a> in North America</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="American_football235" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Major_professional_sports_leagues_in_the_United_States_and_Canada" title="Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada">Major</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> (1920–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minor_league_football_(gridiron)" title="Minor league football (gridiron)">Other</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A7FL" title="A7FL"> American 7s Football League</a> (2015–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liga_de_F%C3%BAtbol_Americano_Profesional" title="Liga de Fútbol Americano Profesional">Liga de Fútbol Americano Profesional</a> (2016–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Football_League_(2024)" title="United Football League (2024)">United Football League</a> (2024–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct national</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Football_League_(1926)" title="American Football League (1926)">American Football League (1926)</a>²</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Football_League_(1936)" title="American Football League (1936)">American Football League (1936–1937)</a></span>²</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Football_League_(1940)" title="American Football League (1940)">American Football League (1940–1941)</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-America_Football_Conference" title="All-America Football Conference">All-America Football Conference</a>² (1945–1949)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Football_League" title="American Football League">American Football League</a> (1960–1969)¹</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Football_League" title="Continental Football League">Continental Football League</a> (1965–1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Football_League" title="World Football League">World Football League</a> (1974–1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Football_League" title="United States Football League">United States Football League</a> (1983–1985)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NFL_Europe" title="NFL Europe">World League of American Football/NFL Europe/NFL Europa</a>³</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XFL_(2001)" title="XFL (2001)">XFL (2001)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Football_League_(2009%E2%80%932012)" title="United Football League (2009–2012)">United Football League (2009–2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_American_Football" title="Alliance of American Football">Alliance of American Football</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XFL_(2020)" class="mw-redirect" title="XFL (2020)">XFL</a> (2020, 2023)*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Football_League_(2022)" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Football League (2022)">United States Football League</a> (2022–2023)*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Football_Union" title="American Football Union">American Football Union</a> (1886–1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Pennsylvania_Professional_Football_Circuit" title="Western Pennsylvania Professional Football Circuit">Western Pennsylvania Professional Football Circuit</a>** (1890–1905)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ohio League</a>² (1902–1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Pro_Football_League" title="New York Pro Football League">New York Pro Football League</a>² (1908–1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Football_League_(1902)" title="National Football League (1902)">National Football League (1902)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthracite_League" title="Anthracite League">Anthracite League</a>² (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_League_of_Professional_Football" title="Eastern League of Professional Football">Eastern League of Professional Football</a> (1926–1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Football_League_(1934)" title="American Football League (1934)">American Football League (1934)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwest_Football_League_(1935%E2%80%931940)" title="Midwest Football League (1935–1940)">Midwest Football League (1935–1940)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixie_League_(American_football)" title="Dixie League (American football)">Dixie League</a>³ (1936–1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Association_(American_football)" title="American Association (American football)">American Association (American football)</a>³</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwest_Football_League_(1935%E2%80%931940)" title="Midwest Football League (1935–1940)">American Football League (1938–1939)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Pennsylvania_Football_League" title="Eastern Pennsylvania Football League">Eastern Pennsylvania Football League</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Coast_Professional_Football_League" title="Pacific Coast Professional Football League">Pacific Coast Professional Football League</a>³ (1940–1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Football_League_(1944)" title="American Football League (1944)">American Football League (1944)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Association_(American_football)" title="American Association (American football)">American Football League (1946–1950)</a>³</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Football_Conference_(1959%E2%80%931961)" title="American Football Conference (1959–1961)">American Football Conference (1959–1961)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Football_League_(1961%E2%80%931964)" title="United Football League (1961–1964)">United Football League (1961–1964)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Coast_Football_League" title="Atlantic Coast Football League">Atlantic Coast Football League</a>³ (1962–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwest_Football_League_(1962%E2%80%931978)" title="Midwest Football League (1962–1978)">Midwest Football League (1962–1978)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Football_League_of_America" title="Professional Football League of America">Professional Football League of America</a> (1965–1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Football_League" title="Texas Football League">Texas Football League</a> (1966–1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaboard_Football_League" title="Seaboard Football League">Seaboard Football League</a> (1971–1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Football_Association_(1977%E2%80%931983)" title="American Football Association (1977–1983)">American Football Association (1977–1983)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Football_League" title="Regional Football League">Regional Football League</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_Football_League" title="Spring Football League">Spring Football League</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Football_League_(2008%E2%80%932010)" title="World Football League (2008–2010)">World Football League (2008–2010)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stars_Football_League" title="Stars Football League">Stars Football League</a> (2011–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_Experimental_Football_League" title="Fall Experimental Football League">Fall Experimental Football League</a> (2014–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%BAtbol_Americano_de_M%C3%A9xico" title="Fútbol Americano de México">Fútbol Americano de México</a> (2019–2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>¹ <a href="/wiki/AFL%E2%80%93NFL_merger" title="AFL–NFL merger">Merged into the NFL</a>. All teams still active as members of the NFL's <a href="/wiki/American_Football_Conference" title="American Football Conference">American Football Conference</a>.</li> <li>² Teams moved to NFL</li> <li>³ Official NFL minor league; see also <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Professional_Football_Leagues" title="Association of Professional Football Leagues">Association of Professional Football Leagues</a></li> <li>* Merged into the UFL, still active as conferences within</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Canadian_football235" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_football" title="Canadian football">Canadian football</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Major_professional_sports_leagues_in_the_United_States_and_Canada" title="Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada">Major</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Football_League" title="Canadian Football League">Canadian Football League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Predecessors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Direct</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Division_(CFL)" title="East Division (CFL)">Interprovincial Rugby Football Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Division_(CFL)" title="West Division (CFL)">Western Interprovincial Football Union</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Other</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ontario_Rugby_Football_Union" title="Ontario Rugby Football Union">Ontario Rugby Football Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Rugby_Football_Union" title="Quebec Rugby Football Union">Quebec Rugby Football Union</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Junior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Football_League" title="Atlantic Football League">Atlantic Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Junior_Football_League" title="Canadian Junior Football League">Canadian Junior Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Junior_Football_League" title="Quebec Junior Football League">Quebec Junior Football League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Arena/Indoor_football235" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Arena_football" title="Arena football">Arena/Indoor football</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Arena_League" title="American Arena League">American Arena League 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_Football_One_(2025)" title="Arena Football One (2025)">Arena Football One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Arena_Football" title="Great Lakes Arena Football">Great Lakes Arena Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_Football_League" title="Indoor Football League">Indoor Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Arena_League" title="National Arena League">National Arena League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Arena_League" title="The Arena League">The Arena League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Indoor_Football" title="American Indoor Football">American Indoor Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Indoor_Football_Alliance" title="American Indoor Football Alliance">American Indoor Football Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Professional_Football_League" title="American Professional Football League">American Professional Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_West_Football_Conference" title="American West Football Conference">American West Football Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_Football_Association" title="Arena Football Association">Arena Football Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_Football_League" title="Arena Football League">Arena Football League</a> (1987–2008, 2010–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_Football_League_(2024)" title="Arena Football League (2024)">Arena Football League (2024)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AF2" title="AF2">arenafootball2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_Pro_Football" class="mw-redirect" title="Arena Pro Football">Arena Pro Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Can-Am_Indoor_Football_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Can-Am Indoor Football League">Can-Am Indoor Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champions_Indoor_Football" title="Champions Indoor Football">Champions Indoor Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champions_Professional_Indoor_Football_League" title="Champions Professional Indoor Football League">Champions Professional Indoor Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Indoor_Football_League" title="Continental Indoor Football League">Continental Indoor Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Indoor_Football_Alliance" title="Independent Indoor Football Alliance">Independent Indoor Football Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_Football_League_(1999%E2%80%932000)" title="Indoor Football League (1999–2000)">Indoor Football League (1999–2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_Professional_Football_League" title="Indoor Professional Football League">Indoor Professional Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intense_Football_League" title="Intense Football League">Intense Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lone_Star_Football_League" title="Lone Star Football League">Lone Star Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Indoor_Football_League" title="National Indoor Football League">National Indoor Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Indoor_Football_League_(1998)" title="Professional Indoor Football League (1998)">Professional Indoor Football League (1998)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Indoor_Football_League" title="Professional Indoor Football League">Professional Indoor Football League (2012)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Indoor_Football_League" title="Southern Indoor Football League">Southern Indoor Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Indoor_Football" title="Supreme Indoor Football">Supreme Indoor Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultimate_Indoor_Football_League" title="Ultimate Indoor Football League">Ultimate Indoor Football League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Indoor_Football" title="United Indoor Football">United Indoor Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-League_Indoor_Football" title="X-League Indoor Football">X-League Indoor Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Indoor_Football_League_(2007)" title="World Indoor Football League (2007)">World Indoor Football League (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Series_of_Football_(1902%E2%80%9303)" title="World Series of Football (1902–03)">World Series of Football (1902–03)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">On hiatus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fan_Controlled_Football" title="Fan Controlled Football">Fan Controlled Football</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Women&#039;s_football235" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_gridiron_football" title="Women's gridiron football">Women's football </a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Outdoor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Football_Alliance" title="Women's Football Alliance">Women's Football Alliance</a> (2009–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Women%27s_Football_League" title="United States Women's Football League">United States Women's Football League</a> (2009–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_National_Football_Conference" title="Women's National Football Conference">Women's National Football Conference</a> (2018–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct Outdoor</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Professional_Football_League_(1965%E2%80%931973)" title="Women's Professional Football League (1965–1973)">Women's Professional Football League</a> (1965–1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Football_League" title="National Women's Football League">National Women's Football League</a> (1974–1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Professional_Football_League" title="Women's Professional Football League">Women's Professional Football League</a> (1999–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Women%27s_Football_Association" title="National Women's Football Association">National Women's Football Association</a> (2000–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Women%27s_Football_League" title="Independent Women's Football League">Independent Women's Football League</a> (2000–2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arena_football" title="Arena football">Arena football</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/X_League_(women%27s_football)" title="X League (women's football)"> X League</a> (2009–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" 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