CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Medical specialty - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"859df58f-6163-454c-981a-32a7200e646f","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Medical_specialty","wgTitle":"Medical specialty","wgCurRevisionId":1275199523,"wgRevisionId":1275199523,"wgArticleId":3172179,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Articles lacking reliable references from May 2023","All articles lacking reliable references","Articles needing cleanup from October 2024","All pages needing cleanup","Articles needing additional references from October 2024","All articles needing additional references","Articles with multiple maintenance issues","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from October 2014","Medical specialties","Lists of salaries"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Medical_specialty","wgRelevantArticleId":3172179,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":40000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q930752","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.21"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Medical specialty - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_specialty"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_specialty&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_specialty"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Medical_specialty rootpage-Medical_specialty skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Medical+specialty" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Medical+specialty" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Medical+specialty" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Medical+specialty" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History_of_medical_specialization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_of_medical_specialization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History of medical specialization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_of_medical_specialization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classification_of_medical_specialization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classification_of_medical_specialization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Classification of medical specialization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classification_of_medical_specialization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specialties_that_are_common_worldwide" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specialties_that_are_common_worldwide"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Specialties that are common worldwide</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specialties_that_are_common_worldwide-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_specialties_recognized_in_the_European_Union_and_European_Economic_Area" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_specialties_recognized_in_the_European_Union_and_European_Economic_Area"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>List of specialties recognized in the European Union and European Economic Area</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_specialties_recognized_in_the_European_Union_and_European_Economic_Area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_North_American_medical_specialties_and_others" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_North_American_medical_specialties_and_others"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>List of North American medical specialties and others</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_North_American_medical_specialties_and_others-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Salaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Salaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Salaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Salaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specialties_by_country" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specialties_by_country"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Specialties by country</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Specialties_by_country-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Specialties by country subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Specialties_by_country-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australia_and_New_Zealand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia_and_New_Zealand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Australia and New Zealand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia_and_New_Zealand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sweden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sweden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Sweden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sweden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Demography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Satisfaction_and_burnout" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Satisfaction_and_burnout"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Satisfaction and burnout</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Satisfaction_and_burnout-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Medical specialty</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 42 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B5_%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A" title="اختصاص طبي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اختصاص طبي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A7%8E%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9E%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4_%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="চিকিৎসাবিজ্ঞানের বিশেষায়িত ক্ষেত্র – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চিকিৎসাবিজ্ঞানের বিশেষায়িত ক্ষেত্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-ha%CC%8Dk_choan-kho" title="I-ha̍k choan-kho – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="I-ha̍k choan-kho" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%B4%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Мэдычная спэцыяльнасьць – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мэдычная спэцыяльнасьць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Медицинска специалност – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Медицинска специалност" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicinska_specijalnost" title="Medicinska specijalnost – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Medicinska specijalnost" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Especialitat_m%C3%A8dica" title="Especialitat mèdica – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Especialitat mèdica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9ka%C5%99sk%C3%BD_obor" title="Lékařský obor – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lékařský obor" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Ιατρική ειδικότητα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιατρική ειδικότητα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Especialidades_m%C3%A9dicas" title="Especialidades médicas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Especialidades médicas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espezialitate_mediko" title="Espezialitate mediko – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Espezialitate mediko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%B5%D8%B5_(%D9%BE%D8%B2%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C)" title="تخصص (پزشکی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تخصص (پزشکی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cialit%C3%A9_m%C3%A9dicale" title="Spécialité médicale – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Spécialité médicale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%84%EB%A3%8C%EA%B3%BC" title="진료과 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="진료과" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="चिकित्सीय विशेषज्ञता – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चिकित्सीय विशेषज्ञता" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specijalnost_(medicina)" title="Specijalnost (medicina) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Specijalnost (medicina)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specalajo_(medicino)" title="Specalajo (medicino) – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Specalajo (medicino)" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spesialisasi_(kedokteran)" title="Spesialisasi (kedokteran) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Spesialisasi (kedokteran)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specializzazione_(medicina)" title="Specializzazione (medicina) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Specializzazione (medicina)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guliy%C3%AAn_bij%C3%AE%C5%9Fk%C3%AA" title="Guliyên bijîşkê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Guliyên bijîşkê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_(%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Специјалност (медицина) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Специјалност (медицина)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF" title="മെഡിക്കൽ സ്പെഷ്യാലിറ്റി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മെഡിക്കൽ സ്പെഷ്യാലിറ്റി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengkhususan_perubatan" title="Pengkhususan perubatan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pengkhususan perubatan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medisch_specialisme" title="Medisch specialisme – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Medisch specialisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A8%BA%E7%99%82%E7%A7%91" title="診療科 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="診療科" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spesialist_(lege)" title="Spesialist (lege) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Spesialist (lege)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specialitate_(medicin%C4%83)" title="Specialitate (medicină) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Specialitate (medicină)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Медицинская специальность – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Медицинская специальность" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_specialty" title="Medical specialty – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Medical specialty" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicinska_specialnost" title="Medicinska specialnost – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Medicinska specialnost" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%86%DA%95%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="پسپۆڕیی پزیشکی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پسپۆڕیی پزیشکی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Медицинске специјалности – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Медицинске специјалности" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%A9sialisasi_m%C3%A9dis" title="Spésialisasi médis – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Spésialisasi médis" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicinsk_specialitet" title="Medicinsk specialitet – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Medicinsk specialitet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87" title="การแพทย์เฉพาะทาง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การแพทย์เฉพาะทาง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%B1p_dallar%C4%B1" title="Tıp dalları – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tıp dalları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Медична спеціальність – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Медична спеціальність" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%B5_(%D8%B7%D8%A8)" title="اختصاص (طب) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اختصاص (طب)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khoa_v%C3%A0_chuy%C3%AAn_khoa_(y_h%E1%BB%8Dc)" title="Khoa và chuyên khoa (y học) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khoa và chuyên khoa (y học)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98" title="דאקטער ספעציאליסט – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="דאקטער ספעציאליסט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E5%B0%88%E7%A7%91" title="醫學專科 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="醫學專科" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E5%B0%88%E7%A7%91" title="醫學專科 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="醫學專科" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q930752#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Medical_specialty" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Medical_specialty" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Medical_specialty"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_specialty&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_specialty&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Medical_specialty"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_specialty&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_specialty&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Medical_specialty" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Medical_specialty" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_specialty&oldid=1275199523" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_specialty&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Medical_specialty&id=1275199523&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMedical_specialty"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMedical_specialty"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Medical_specialty&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_specialty&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Medical_specialties" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiversity mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Specialty_(medicine)" hreflang="en"><span>Wikiversity</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q930752" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Branch of medicine concerning a specific group of diseases or population</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248332772">.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text{width:95%;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-content{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox{border:none;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;margin:0 0 0 1.6em!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox.mbox-small-left{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:disc}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-image,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-imageright,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-empty-cell,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}</style><table class="box-Multiple_issues plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>This article has multiple issues.</b> Please help <b><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Medical_specialty" title="Special:EditPage/Medical specialty">improve it</a></b> or discuss these issues on the <b><a href="/wiki/Talk:Medical_specialty" title="Talk:Medical specialty">talk page</a></b>. <small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>)</i></small> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreliable_sources plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-unreliable_sources" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Some of this article's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">listed sources</a> <b>may not be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help improve this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Condense plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-condense" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>may have <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Layout#Headings_and_sections" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout">too many section headers</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help consolidate the article.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Medical_specialty" title="Special:EditPage/Medical specialty">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Medical+specialty%22">"Medical specialty"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Medical+specialty%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Medical+specialty%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Medical+specialty%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Medical+specialty%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Medical+specialty%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>medical specialty</b> is a branch of medical practice that is focused on a defined group of patients, diseases, skills, or <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a>. Examples include those branches of medicine that deal exclusively with children (<a href="/wiki/Pediatrics" title="Pediatrics">pediatrics</a>), cancer (<a href="/wiki/Oncology" title="Oncology">oncology</a>), laboratory medicine (<a href="/wiki/Pathology" title="Pathology">pathology</a>), or primary care (<a href="/wiki/Family_medicine" title="Family medicine">family medicine</a>). After completing <a href="/wiki/Medical_school" title="Medical school">medical school</a> or other basic training, <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">physicians</a> or <a href="/wiki/Surgeon" title="Surgeon">surgeons</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Clinician" title="Clinician">clinicians</a> usually further their <a href="/wiki/Medical_education" title="Medical education">medical education</a> in a specific specialty of medicine by completing a multiple-year <a href="/wiki/Residency_(medicine)" title="Residency (medicine)">residency</a> to become a specialist.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_medical_specialization">History of medical specialization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_specialty&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History of medical specialization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To a certain extent, medical practitioners have long been specialized. According to <a href="/wiki/Galen" title="Galen">Galen</a>, specialization was common among Roman physicians.<sup id="cite_ref-BullHistMed2003-Weisz_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BullHistMed2003-Weisz-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The particular system of modern medical specialties evolved gradually during the 19th century. Informal social recognition of medical specialization evolved before the formal legal system. The particular subdivision of the practice of medicine into various specialties varies from country to country, and is somewhat arbitrary.<sup id="cite_ref-BullHistMed2003-Weisz_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BullHistMed2003-Weisz-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classification_of_medical_specialization">Classification of medical specialization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_specialty&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Classification of medical specialization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Medical specialties can be classified along several axes. These are: </p> <ul><li>Surgical or internal medicine</li> <li>Age range of patients</li> <li>Diagnostic or therapeutic</li> <li>Organ-based or technique-based</li></ul> <p>Throughout history, the most important has been the division into surgical and internal medicine specialties. The surgical specialties are those in which an important part of diagnosis and treatment is achieved through major surgical techniques. The internal medicine specialties are the specialties in which the main diagnosis and treatment is never major surgery. In some countries, <a href="/wiki/Anesthesiology" title="Anesthesiology">anesthesiology</a> is classified as a surgical discipline, since it is vital in the surgical process, though anesthesiologists never perform major surgery themselves. </p><p>Many specialties are organ-based. Many symptoms and diseases come from a particular organ. Others are based mainly around a set of techniques, such as <a href="/wiki/Radiology" title="Radiology">radiology</a>, which was originally based around <a href="/wiki/X-ray" title="X-ray">X-rays</a>. </p><p>The age range of patients seen by any given specialist can be quite variable. Pediatricians handle most complaints and diseases in children that do not require surgery, and there are several subspecialties (formally or informally) in pediatrics that mimic the organ-based specialties in adults. Pediatric surgery may or may not be a separate specialty that handles some kinds of surgical complaints in children. </p><p>A further subdivision is the diagnostic versus therapeutic specialties. While the diagnostic process is of great importance in all specialties, some specialists perform mainly or only diagnostic examinations, such as <a href="/wiki/Pathology" title="Pathology">pathology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clinical_neurophysiology" title="Clinical neurophysiology">clinical neurophysiology</a>, and radiology. This line is becoming somewhat blurred with <a href="/wiki/Interventional_radiology" title="Interventional radiology">interventional radiology</a>, an evolving field that uses image expertise to perform minimally invasive procedures. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specialties_that_are_common_worldwide">Specialties that are common worldwide</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_specialty&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Specialties that are common worldwide"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Specialty</th> <th>May be subspecialty of </th> <th><small>Age range</small><br /><small>of patients</small> </th> <th><small>Diagnostic (D) or</small><br /><small>therapeutic (T)</small><br /><small>specialty</small> </th> <th><small>Surgical (S) or</small><br /><small>internal medicine (I)</small><br /><small>specialty</small> </th> <th><small>Organ-based (O)</small><br /><small>or technique-based (T)</small> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Immunology" title="Immunology">Allergy and immunology</a></td> <td>Internal medicine<br />Pediatrics </td> <td>All</td> <td>Both</td> <td>I</td> <td>O </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Adolescent_medicine" title="Adolescent medicine">Adolescent medicine</a></td> <td>Pediatrics<br />Family medicine </td> <td>Pediatric</td> <td>Both</td> <td>I</td> <td>T </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Anesthesiology" title="Anesthesiology">Anesthesiology</a></td> <td>None </td> <td>All</td> <td>T</td> <td>Both</td> <td>Both </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Aviation_medicine" title="Aviation medicine">Aerospace medicine</a></td> <td>Family Medicine </td> <td>All</td> <td>Both</td> <td>Neither</td> <td>Both </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bariatrics" title="Bariatrics">Bariatrics</a></td> <td>Several </td> <td>All</td> <td>Both</td> <td>Both</td> <td>Both </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cardiology" title="Cardiology">Cardiology</a></td> <td>Internal medicine </td> <td>Adults</td> <td>T</td> <td>I</td> <td>O </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cardiothoracic_surgery" title="Cardiothoracic surgery">Cardiothoracic surgery</a></td> <td>General surgery </td> <td>Adults</td> <td>T</td> <td>S</td> <td>O </td></tr> <tr> <td>Child and adolescent psychiatry</td> <td>Psychiatry </td> <td>Pediatric</td> <td>T</td> <td>I</td> <td>T </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Clinical_neurophysiology" title="Clinical neurophysiology">Clinical neurophysiology</a></td> <td>Neurology </td> <td>All</td> <td>D</td> <td>I</td> <td>Both </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Colorectal_surgery" title="Colorectal surgery">Colorectal surgery</a></td> <td>General surgery </td> <td>All</td> <td>Both</td> <td>S</td> <td>O </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dermatology" title="Dermatology">Dermatology</a></td> <td>None </td> <td>All</td> <td>T</td> <td>I</td> <td>O </td></tr> <tr> <td>Developmental pediatrics</td> <td>Pediatrics </td> <td>Pediatric</td> <td>T</td> <td>I</td> <td>Neither </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Emergency_medicine" title="Emergency medicine">Emergency medicine</a></td> <td>Family medicine </td> <td>All</td> <td>Both</td> <td>Both</td> <td>Both </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Endocrinology" title="Endocrinology">Endocrinology</a></td> <td>Internal medicine </td> <td>Adults</td> <td>Both</td> <td>I</td> <td>Multidisciplinary </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Family_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Family Medicine">Family Medicine</a></td> <td>None </td> <td>All</td> <td>Both</td> <td>Both</td> <td>Multidisciplinary </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Forensic_pathology" title="Forensic pathology">Forensic pathology</a></td> <td>Pathology </td> <td>All</td> <td>D</td> <td>Neither</td> <td>T </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Forensic_psychiatry" title="Forensic psychiatry">Forensic psychiatry</a></td> <td>Psychiatry </td> <td>All</td> <td>D</td> <td>I</td> <td>T </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gastroenterology" title="Gastroenterology">Gastroenterology</a></td> <td>Internal medicine </td> <td>Adults</td> <td>T</td> <td>I</td> <td>O </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/General_surgery" title="General surgery">General surgery</a></td> <td>None </td> <td>Adults</td> <td>T</td> <td>S</td> <td>T </td></tr> <tr> <td>General surgical oncology</td> <td>General surgery </td> <td>Adults</td> <td>T</td> <td>S</td> <td>T </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Geriatrics" title="Geriatrics">Geriatrics</a></td> <td>Family medicine<br />Internal medicine </td> <td>Geriatric</td> <td>T</td> <td>I</td> <td>Multidisciplinary </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Geriatric_psychiatry" title="Geriatric psychiatry">Geriatric psychiatry</a></td> <td>Geriatrics<br />Psychiatry </td> <td>Geriatric</td> <td>T</td> <td>I</td> <td>Neither </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gynecologic_oncology" title="Gynecologic oncology">Gynecologic oncology</a></td> <td>Obstetrics and gynecology </td> <td>All</td> <td>T</td> <td>S</td> <td>O </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hematology" title="Hematology">Hematology</a></td> <td>Internal medicine<br />Pathology </td> <td>Adults</td> <td>Both</td> <td>I</td> <td>Neither </td></tr> <tr> <td>Hematologic pathology</td> <td>Hematology<br />Pathology </td> <td>All</td> <td>D</td> <td>Neither</td> <td>T </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Infectious_disease_(medical_specialty)" class="mw-redirect" title="Infectious disease (medical specialty)">Infectious disease</a></td> <td>Internal medicine<br />Pediatrics </td> <td>All</td> <td>Both</td> <td>I</td> <td>Neither </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Internal_medicine" title="Internal medicine">Internal medicine</a></td> <td>None </td> <td>Adults</td> <td>Both</td> <td>I</td> <td>Neither </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Interventional_radiology" title="Interventional radiology">Interventional radiology</a></td> <td>Radiology </td> <td>All</td> <td>Both</td> <td>-</td> <td>Multidisciplinary </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Intensive_care_medicine" title="Intensive care medicine">Intensive care medicine</a></td> <td>Anesthesiology<br />Emergency medicine<br />Internal medicine </td> <td>All</td> <td>T</td> <td>Both</td> <td>Both </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maternal-fetal_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Maternal-fetal medicine">Maternal-fetal medicine</a></td> <td>Obstetrics and gynecology </td> <td>Adults</td> <td>T</td> <td>S</td> <td>Both </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Medical_biochemistry" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical biochemistry">Medical biochemistry</a></td> <td>Internal medicine </td> <td>All</td> <td>D</td> <td>I</td> <td>Neither </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Medical_genetics" title="Medical genetics">Medical genetics</a></td> <td>None </td> <td>All</td> <td>D</td> <td>I</td> <td>Neither </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Medical_oncology" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical oncology">Medical oncology</a></td> <td>Internal medicine </td> <td>Adults</td> <td>Both</td> <td>I</td> <td>Neither </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Neonatology" title="Neonatology">Neonatology</a></td> <td>Pediatrics </td> <td>Neonatal</td> <td>T</td> <td>I</td> <td>Neither </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nephrology" title="Nephrology">Nephrology</a></td> <td>Internal medicine </td> <td>All</td> <td>T</td> <td>I</td> <td>O </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Neurology" title="Neurology">Neurology</a></td> <td>Internal medicine </td> <td>All</td> <td>Both</td> <td>I</td> <td>O </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Neuropathology" title="Neuropathology">Neuropathology</a></td> <td>Pathology </td> <td>All</td> <td>D</td> <td>Neither</td> <td>T </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Neurosurgery" title="Neurosurgery">Neurosurgery</a></td> <td>None </td> <td>All</td> <td>T</td> <td>S</td> <td>O </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_medicine" title="Nuclear medicine">Nuclear medicine (nucleology)</a></td> <td>None </td> <td>All</td> <td>Both</td> <td>I</td> <td>T </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Obstetrics_and_gynecology" class="mw-redirect" title="Obstetrics and gynecology">Obstetrics and gynecology</a></td> <td>Family medicine </td> <td>All</td> <td>T</td> <td>S</td> <td>O </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Occupational_medicine" title="Occupational medicine">Occupational medicine</a></td> <td>Family medicine<br />Internal medicine </td> <td>Adults</td> <td>T</td> <td>I</td> <td>Multidisciplinary </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ophthalmology" title="Ophthalmology">Ophthalmology</a></td> <td>None </td> <td>All</td> <td>T</td> <td>S</td> <td>O </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Orthopedic_surgery" title="Orthopedic surgery">Orthopedic surgery</a></td> <td>None </td> <td>All</td> <td>T</td> <td>S</td> <td>O </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oral_and_maxillofacial_surgery" title="Oral and maxillofacial surgery">Oral and maxillofacial surgery</a></td> <td>None </td> <td>All</td> <td>T</td> <td>S</td> <td>O </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Otorhinolaryngology" title="Otorhinolaryngology">Otorhinolaryngology</a></td> <td>None </td> <td>All</td> <td>T</td> <td>S</td> <td>O </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Palliative_care" title="Palliative care">Palliative care</a></td> <td>Family Medicine<br />Internal medicine<br />Pediatrics </td> <td>All</td> <td>Both</td> <td>Neither</td> <td>Neither </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pathology" title="Pathology">Pathology</a></td> <td>None </td> <td>All</td> <td>D</td> <td>Neither</td> <td>T </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pediatrics" title="Pediatrics">Pediatrics</a></td> <td>None </td> <td>Pediatric</td> <td>Both</td> <td>I</td> <td>Neither </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pediatric allergy and immunology</td> <td>Pediatrics </td> <td>Pediatric</td> <td>T</td> <td>I</td> <td>O </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pediatric cardiology</td> <td>Pediatrics </td> <td>Pediatric</td> <td>T</td> <td>I</td> <td>O </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pediatric_emergency_medicine" title="Pediatric emergency medicine">Pediatric emergency medicine</a></td> <td>Pediatrics </td> <td>Pediatric</td> <td>Both</td> <td>Both</td> <td>Both </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pediatric endocrinology</td> <td>Pediatrics </td> <td>Pediatric</td> <td>Both</td> <td>I</td> <td>Multidisciplinary </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pediatric gastroenterology</td> <td>Pediatrics </td> <td>Pediatric</td> <td>T</td> <td>I</td> <td>O </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pediatric hematology and oncology</td> <td>Pediatrics </td> <td>Pediatric</td> <td>T</td> <td>I</td> <td>O </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pediatric infectious disease</td> <td>Pediatrics </td> <td>Pediatric</td> <td>T</td> <td>I</td> <td>O </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pediatric nephrology</td> <td>Pediatrics </td> <td>Pediatric</td> <td>T</td> <td>I</td> <td>O </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pediatric respiratory medicine</td> <td>Pediatrics </td> <td>Pediatric</td> <td>T</td> <td>I</td> <td>O </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pediatric rheumatology</td> <td>Pediatrics </td> <td>Pediatric</td> <td>T</td> <td>I</td> <td>O </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pediatric_surgery" title="Pediatric surgery">Pediatric surgery</a></td> <td>General surgery </td> <td>Pediatric</td> <td>T</td> <td>S</td> <td>O </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Physical_medicine_and_rehabilitation" title="Physical medicine and rehabilitation">Physical medicine and rehabilitation</a></td> <td>None </td> <td>All</td> <td>T</td> <td>I</td> <td>Multidisciplinary </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Plastic_surgery" title="Plastic surgery">Plastic, reconstructive and aesthetic surgery</a></td> <td>General surgery </td> <td>All</td> <td>T</td> <td>S</td> <td>O </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Psychiatry" title="Psychiatry">Psychiatry</a></td> <td>Family medicine </td> <td>All</td> <td>Both</td> <td>I</td> <td>T </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">Public health</a></td> <td>Family medicine </td> <td>All</td> <td>Neither</td> <td>Neither</td> <td>T </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Radiation_oncology" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiation oncology">Radiation oncology</a></td> <td>None </td> <td>All</td> <td>T</td> <td>Neither</td> <td>T </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Radiology" title="Radiology">Radiology</a></td> <td>None </td> <td>All</td> <td>Both</td> <td>I</td> <td>T </td></tr> <tr> <td>Reproductive endocrinology and infertility</td> <td>Obstetrics and gynecology </td> <td>Adults</td> <td>T</td> <td>S</td> <td>T </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pulmunology or <a href="/wiki/Pulmonology" title="Pulmonology">Respiratory medicine</a></td> <td>Internal medicine </td> <td>Adults</td> <td>T</td> <td>I</td> <td>O </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rheumatology" title="Rheumatology">Rheumatology</a></td> <td>Internal medicine </td> <td>Adults</td> <td>T</td> <td>I</td> <td>Neither </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sports_medicine" title="Sports medicine">Sports medicine</a></td> <td>Family medicine </td> <td>All</td> <td>Both</td> <td>Neither</td> <td>Multidisciplinary </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thoracic_surgery" class="mw-redirect" title="Thoracic surgery">Thoracic surgery</a></td> <td>General surgery </td> <td>Adults</td> <td>T</td> <td>S</td> <td>T </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Toxicology" title="Toxicology">Toxicology</a> </td> <td>Emergency Medicine </td> <td>All </td> <td>Both </td> <td>Neither </td> <td>O </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Transfusion_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Transfusion Medicine">Transfusion Medicine</a></td> <td>None </td> <td>All</td> <td>Both</td> <td>Neither</td> <td>Both </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Neuroradiology" title="Neuroradiology">Neuroradiology</a></td> <td>Radiology </td> <td>All</td> <td>Both</td> <td>I</td> <td>Both </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Urology" title="Urology">Urology</a></td> <td>None </td> <td>All</td> <td>T</td> <td>S</td> <td>O </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_surgery" title="Vascular surgery">Vascular surgery</a></td> <td>General surgery </td> <td>All</td> <td>T</td> <td>S</td> <td>O </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_specialties_recognized_in_the_European_Union_and_European_Economic_Area">List of specialties recognized in the European Union and European Economic Area</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_specialty&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: List of specialties recognized in the European Union and European Economic Area"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The European Union publishes a list of specialties recognized in the European Union, and by extension, the European Economic Area.<sup id="cite_ref-eudirective2005_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eudirective2005-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is substantial overlap between some of the specialties and it is likely that for example "Clinical radiology" and "Radiology" refer to a large degree to the same pattern of practice across Europe. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_medicine" title="Emergency medicine">Accident and emergency medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allergy#Medical_specialty" title="Allergy">Allergist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anesthesiology" title="Anesthesiology">Anaesthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiology" title="Cardiology">Cardiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_and_adolescent_psychiatry" title="Child and adolescent psychiatry">Child psychiatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_biologist" title="Clinical biologist">Clinical biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_chemistry" title="Clinical chemistry">Clinical chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_microbiology" class="mw-redirect" title="Clinical microbiology">Clinical microbiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_neurophysiology" title="Clinical neurophysiology">Clinical neurophysiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craniofacial_surgery" title="Craniofacial surgery">Craniofacial surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dermatology" title="Dermatology">Dermatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endocrinology" title="Endocrinology">Endocrinology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_medicine" title="Family medicine">Family and General Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digestive_system_surgery" title="Digestive system surgery">Gastroenterologic surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastroenterology" title="Gastroenterology">Gastroenterology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Practice" class="mw-redirect" title="General Practice">General Practice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_surgery" title="General surgery">General surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geriatrics" title="Geriatrics">Geriatrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hematology" title="Hematology">Hematology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immunology" title="Immunology">Immunology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infectious_disease_(medical_specialty)" class="mw-redirect" title="Infectious disease (medical specialty)">Infectious diseases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_medicine" title="Internal medicine">Internal medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_laboratory" title="Medical laboratory">Laboratory medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephrology" title="Nephrology">Nephrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuropsychiatry" title="Neuropsychiatry">Neuropsychiatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurology" title="Neurology">Neurology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurosurgery" title="Neurosurgery">Neurosurgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_medicine" title="Nuclear medicine">Nuclear medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obstetrics_and_gynaecology" title="Obstetrics and gynaecology">Obstetrics and gynaecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_medicine" title="Occupational medicine">Occupational medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oncology" title="Oncology">Oncology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophthalmology" title="Ophthalmology">Ophthalmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_and_maxillofacial_surgery" title="Oral and maxillofacial surgery">Oral and maxillofacial surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthopaedics" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthopaedics">Orthopaedics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otorhinolaryngology" title="Otorhinolaryngology">Otorhinolaryngology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paediatric_surgery" class="mw-redirect" title="Paediatric surgery">Paediatric surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paediatrics" class="mw-redirect" title="Paediatrics">Paediatrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathology" title="Pathology">Pathology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmacology" title="Pharmacology">Pharmacology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_medicine_and_rehabilitation" title="Physical medicine and rehabilitation">Physical medicine and rehabilitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_surgery" title="Plastic surgery">Plastic surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podiatric_surgery" class="mw-redirect" title="Podiatric surgery">Podiatric surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preventive_healthcare" title="Preventive healthcare">Preventive medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychiatry" title="Psychiatry">Psychiatry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">Public health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiation_Oncology" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiation Oncology">Radiation Oncology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiology" title="Radiology">Radiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Respiratory_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Respiratory medicine">Respiratory medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheumatology" title="Rheumatology">Rheumatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stomatology" class="mw-redirect" title="Stomatology">Stomatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thoracic_surgery" class="mw-redirect" title="Thoracic surgery">Thoracic surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_medicine" title="Tropical medicine">Tropical medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urology" title="Urology">Urology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vascular_surgery" title="Vascular surgery">Vascular surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venereology" title="Venereology">Venereology</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_North_American_medical_specialties_and_others">List of North American medical specialties and others</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_specialty&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: List of North American medical specialties and others"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In this table, as in many healthcare arenas, medical specialties are organized into the following groups: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Surgery" title="Surgery">Surgical</a> specialties focus on manually operative and instrumental techniques to treat disease.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">Medical</a> specialties that focus on the diagnosis and non-surgical treatment of disease.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diagnostic_specialty" class="mw-redirect" title="Diagnostic specialty">Diagnostic</a> specialties focus more purely on diagnosis of disorders.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Specialty </th> <th>Code </th> <th>Group </th> <th>Sub-specialties </th> <th>Focus </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Allergy" title="Allergy">Allergy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Immunology" title="Immunology">immunology</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Allergic reactions, asthma, and the immune system. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Anesthesiology" title="Anesthesiology">Anesthesiology</a> </td> <td>AN, PAN </td> <td>Surgery<sup id="cite_ref-swe_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-swe-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Your explanation here (October 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pediatric_anesthesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pediatric anesthesia (page does not exist)">Pediatric anesthesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_management" title="Pain management">Pain management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intensive_care" class="mw-redirect" title="Intensive care">Intensive care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intensive-care_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Intensive-care medicine">Critical care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obstetrics_and_gynaecology" title="Obstetrics and gynaecology">Obstetrics and gynaecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiothoracic_anesthesiology" title="Cardiothoracic anesthesiology">Cardiothoracic anesthesiology</a></li> <li>Trauma care</li> <li>Pre- and Post-Operative Assessment and Care</li> <li>Generalist (covers all the sub-specialties)</li></ul> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anesthesia" title="Anesthesia">Anesthesia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bariatrics" title="Bariatrics">Bariatrics</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Deals with the causes, prevention, and treatment of <a href="/wiki/Obesity" title="Obesity">obesity</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cardiology" title="Cardiology">Cardiology</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">Medicine</a> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interventional_cardiology" title="Interventional cardiology">Interventional cardiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echocardiography" title="Echocardiography">Echocardiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrocardiography" title="Electrocardiography">Electrocardiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_cardiology" title="Sports cardiology">Sports cardiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiogeriatrics" title="Cardiogeriatrics">Cardiogeriatrics</a></li> <li>Preventive cardiology and Cardiac Rehabilitation</li> <li>Pediatric cardiology</li></ul> </td> <td>Disease of the <a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiovascular system">cardiovascular system</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular_surgery" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiovascular surgery">Cardiovascular surgery</a> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Surgery" title="Surgery">Surgery</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>The operation of <a href="/wiki/Heart" title="Heart">heart</a> and major <a href="/wiki/Blood_vessel" title="Blood vessel">blood vessels</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Chest" class="mw-redirect" title="Chest">chest</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Clinical_laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Clinical laboratory">Clinical laboratory</a> sciences </td> <td> </td> <td>Diagnostic </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transfusion_medicine" title="Transfusion medicine">Transfusion medicine</a> is concerned with the transfusion of <a href="/wiki/Blood" title="Blood">blood</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blood_component" class="mw-redirect" title="Blood component">blood component</a>, including the maintenance of a "<a href="/wiki/Blood_bank" title="Blood bank">blood bank</a>".</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_pathology" class="mw-redirect" title="Cellular pathology">Cellular pathology</a> is concerned with diagnosis using samples from patients taken as tissues and cells using <a href="/wiki/Histology" title="Histology">histology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cytopathology" title="Cytopathology">cytology</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_chemistry" title="Clinical chemistry">Clinical chemistry</a> is concerned with diagnosis by making biochemical analysis of blood, body fluids, and tissues.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hematology" title="Hematology">Hematology</a> is concerned with diagnosis by looking at changes in the cellular composition of the <a href="/wiki/Blood" title="Blood">blood</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bone_marrow" title="Bone marrow">bone marrow</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Coagulation_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Coagulation system">coagulation system</a> in the blood.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_microbiology" class="mw-redirect" title="Clinical microbiology">Clinical microbiology</a> is concerned with the <i><a href="/wiki/In_vitro" title="In vitro">in vitro</a></i> diagnosis of diseases caused by <a href="/wiki/Bacterium" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacterium">bacteria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Virus" title="Virus">viruses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fungus" title="Fungus">fungi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Parasite" class="mw-redirect" title="Parasite">parasites</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_immunology" class="mw-redirect" title="Clinical immunology">Clinical immunology</a> is concerned with disorders of the <a href="/wiki/Immune_system" title="Immune system">immune system</a> and related body defenses. It also deals with diagnosis of <a href="/wiki/Allergy" title="Allergy">allergy</a>.</li></ul> </td> <td>Application of diagnostic techniques in <a href="/wiki/Medical_laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical laboratories">medical laboratories</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Assay" title="Assay">assays</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microscope" title="Microscope">microscope</a> analysis. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dermatology" title="Dermatology">Dermatology</a> </td> <td>D, DS </td> <td>Medicine </td> <td>Dermatology, <a href="/wiki/Mohs_surgery" title="Mohs surgery">Mohs surgery</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Skin" title="Skin">Skin</a> and its appendages (<a href="/wiki/Hair" title="Hair">hair</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nail_(anatomy)" title="Nail (anatomy)">nails</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweat_gland" title="Sweat gland">sweat glands</a> etc.). </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dietetics" class="mw-redirect" title="Dietetics">Dietetics</a> </td> <td>RD<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Food and nutrition </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Emergency_medicine" title="Emergency medicine">Emergency medicine</a> </td> <td>EM </td> <td>Medicine </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disaster_medicine" title="Disaster medicine">Disaster medicine</a></li> <li>Emergency medical services</li> <li>Hospice and palliative medicine</li> <li>International Emergency Medicine and Global Health</li> <li>Medical toxicology</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pediatric_emergency_medicine" title="Pediatric emergency medicine">Pediatric emergency medicine</a></li> <li>Research</li> <li>Simulation</li> <li>Sports medicine</li> <li>Toxicology</li> <li>Ultrasound</li> <li>Undersea and hyperbaric medicine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilderness_medicine_(practice)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilderness medicine (practice)">Wilderness medicine</a></li></ul> </td> <td>The initial management of emergent medical conditions, often in hospital <a href="/wiki/Emergency_room" class="mw-redirect" title="Emergency room">emergency departments</a> or the field. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Endocrinology" title="Endocrinology">Endocrinology</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Medicine </td> <td> </td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Endocrine_system" title="Endocrine system">endocrine system</a> (i.e., <a href="/wiki/Endocrine_gland" title="Endocrine gland">endocrine glands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hormone" title="Hormone">hormones</a>) and its diseases, including <a href="/wiki/Diabetes" title="Diabetes">diabetes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thyroid" title="Thyroid">thyroid</a> diseases. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Family_medicine" title="Family medicine">Family medicine</a> </td> <td>FM </td> <td>Medicine </td> <td> <ul><li>Addiction medicine</li> <li>Adolescent medicine</li> <li>Anesthesia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_medicine" title="Emergency medicine">Emergency medicine</a></li> <li>Care of the elderly (geriatric medicine)</li> <li>Clinical environmental health</li> <li>Global health</li> <li>HIV care</li> <li>Hospital medicine</li> <li>Indigenous health</li> <li>Low-risk obstetrics</li> <li>Medical education</li> <li>Medical oncology</li> <li>Medical simulation</li> <li>Pain medicine</li> <li>Palliative care</li> <li>Point of Care Ultrasound (POCUS)</li> <li>Research</li> <li>Sleep medicine</li> <li>Sports and exercise medicine</li> <li>Women's health</li></ul> </td> <td>Continuing, comprehensive healthcare for the individual and family, integrating the biological, clinical and behavioral sciences to treat patients of all ages, sexes, organ systems, and diseases. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Forensic_medicine" title="Forensic medicine">Forensic medicine</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Medicine </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gastroenterology" title="Gastroenterology">Gastroenterology</a> </td> <td>GI </td> <td>Medicine </td> <td> </td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Alimentary_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Alimentary tract">alimentary tract</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/General_surgery" title="General surgery">General surgery</a> </td> <td>GS </td> <td>Surgery </td> <td> <ul><li>Colorectal surgery</li> <li>Gastrointestinal surgery</li> <li>Transplant surgery</li> <li>Trauma surgery</li></ul> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Geriatrics" title="Geriatrics">Geriatrics</a> </td> <td>IMG </td> <td>Medicine<sup id="cite_ref-swe_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-swe-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Your explanation here (October 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td> <td> </td> <td>Elderly patients </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gynecology" class="mw-redirect" title="Gynecology">Gynecology</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Female reproductive health </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hepatology" title="Hepatology">Hepatology</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Medicine </td> <td> </td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">liver</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biliary_tract" title="Biliary tract">biliary tract</a>, usually a part of gastroenterology. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hospital_medicine" title="Hospital medicine">Hospital medicine</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Medicine </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Infectious_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Infectious disease">Infectious disease</a> </td> <td>ID </td> <td>Medicine </td> <td> </td> <td>Diseases caused by biological agents. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Intensive_care_medicine" title="Intensive care medicine">Intensive care medicine</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Medicine </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Life_support" title="Life support">Life support</a> and management of critically ill patients, often in an <a href="/wiki/Intensive_care_unit" title="Intensive care unit">ICU</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Internal_medicine" title="Internal medicine">Internal medicine</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Medicine </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Medical_research" title="Medical research">Medical research</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anatomy" title="Anatomy">Anatomy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biochemistry" title="Biochemistry">Biochemistry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Embryology" title="Embryology">Embryology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genetics" title="Genetics">Genetics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pharmacology" title="Pharmacology">Pharmacology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toxicology" title="Toxicology">Toxicology</a> </td> <td>Care of hospitalized patients </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nephrology" title="Nephrology">Nephrology</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Medicine </td> <td> </td> <td>Kidney diseases </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Neurology" title="Neurology">Neurology</a> </td> <td>N </td> <td>Medicine </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Behavioral_neurology" title="Behavioral neurology">Behavioral neurology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_neurophysiology" title="Clinical neurophysiology">Clinical neurophysiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geriatric_neurology" title="Geriatric neurology">Geriatric neurology</a></li> <li>Headache medicine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuromuscular_medicine" title="Neuromuscular medicine">Neuromuscular medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurodevelopmental_disorder" title="Neurodevelopmental disorder">Neurodevelopmental disabilities</a></li> <li>Neuro-oncology</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroradiology" title="Neuroradiology">Neuroradiology</a></li> <li>Vascular neurology</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospice_and_palliative_medicine" title="Hospice and palliative medicine">Hospice and palliative medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Pain medicine">Pain medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_medicine" title="Sleep medicine">Sleep medicine</a></li></ul> </td> <td>Diseases involving the central, peripheral, and autonomic <a href="/wiki/Nervous_system" title="Nervous system">nervous systems</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Neurosurgery" title="Neurosurgery">Neurosurgery</a> </td> <td>NS </td> <td>Surgery </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cerebrovascular" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerebrovascular">Cerebrovascular</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neurosurgical_oncology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neurosurgical oncology (page does not exist)">Neurosurgical oncology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereotactic_surgery" title="Stereotactic surgery">Stereotactic</a> and functional</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vertebral_column" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertebral column">Spine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurotrauma" class="mw-redirect" title="Neurotrauma">Neurotrauma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skull_base" class="mw-redirect" title="Skull base">Skull base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peripheral_neuropathy" title="Peripheral neuropathy">Peripheral nerve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pediatric_neurosurgery" title="Pediatric neurosurgery">Pediatric neurosurgery</a></li></ul> </td> <td>Disease of the <a href="/wiki/Central_nervous_system" title="Central nervous system">central nervous system</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peripheral_nervous_system" title="Peripheral nervous system">peripheral nervous system</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Spinal_column" title="Spinal column">spinal column</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Obstetrics_and_gynecology" class="mw-redirect" title="Obstetrics and gynecology">Obstetrics and gynecology</a> </td> <td>OB/GYN </td> <td>Surgery<sup id="cite_ref-swe_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-swe-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Your explanation here (October 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maternal-fetal_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Maternal-fetal medicine">Maternal-fetal medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_medicine" title="Reproductive medicine">Reproductive medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fertility_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Fertility medicine">Fertility medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gynecologic_oncology" title="Gynecologic oncology">Gynecologic oncology</a></li></ul> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oncology" title="Oncology">Oncology</a> </td> <td>ON </td> <td>Medicine </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radiation_oncology" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiation oncology">Radiation oncology</a> – pertains to the use of <a href="/wiki/Radiation_therapy" title="Radiation therapy">radiation therapy</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">medical</a> use of <a href="/wiki/Ionizing_radiation" title="Ionizing radiation">ionizing radiation</a>) as part of <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a> treatment to control <a href="/wiki/Malignant" class="mw-redirect" title="Malignant">malignant</a> cells (not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Radiology" title="Radiology">radiology</a>).</li></ul> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">Cancer</a> and other malignant diseases, often grouped with hematology. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ophthalmology" title="Ophthalmology">Ophthalmology</a> </td> <td>OPH </td> <td>Surgery </td> <td> <ul><li>Anterior segment surgery</li> <li>Cornea</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glaucoma" title="Glaucoma">Glaucoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuro-ophthalmology" title="Neuro-ophthalmology">Neuro-ophthalmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocular_oncology" class="mw-redirect" title="Ocular oncology">Ocular oncology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oculoplastics" title="Oculoplastics">Oculoplastics and Orbital surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophthalmic_pathology" title="Ophthalmic pathology">Ophthalmic pathology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pediatric_ophthalmology" title="Pediatric ophthalmology">Pediatric ophthalmology/strabismus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refractive_surgery" title="Refractive surgery">Refractive surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retina" title="Retina">Medical retina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uveitis" title="Uveitis">Uveitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitreoretinal_surgery" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitreoretinal surgery">Vitreo-retinal surgery</a></li></ul> </td> <td>Diseases of the visual pathways, including the eyes, brain, etc. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oral_and_maxillofacial_surgery" title="Oral and maxillofacial surgery">Oral and maxillofacial surgery</a> </td> <td>Maxfacs, OMS </td> <td>Surgery </td> <td> <ul><li>Oral and Craniofacial surgery (Head and neck)</li> <li>Facial cosmetic surgery</li> <li>Craniomaxillofacial trauma</li></ul> </td> <td>Disease of the head, neck, face, jaws and the hard and soft tissues of the oral and maxillofacial region. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Orthopedic_surgery" title="Orthopedic surgery">Orthopedic surgery</a> </td> <td>ORS </td> <td>Surgery </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hand_surgery" title="Hand surgery">Hand surgery</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Surgical_sports_medicine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Surgical sports medicine (page does not exist)">surgical sports medicine</a>, adult reconstruction, spine surgery, foot and ankle, musculoskeletal oncology, orthopedic trauma surgery, pediatric orthopedic surgery </td> <td>Injury and disease of the <a href="/wiki/Musculoskeletal_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Musculoskeletal system">musculoskeletal system</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Otorhinolaryngology" title="Otorhinolaryngology">Otorhinolaryngology</a>, or ENT </td> <td>ORL, ENT </td> <td>Surgery </td> <td>Head and neck, facial cosmetic surgery, <a href="/wiki/Neurotology" title="Neurotology">Neurotology</a>, Laryngology </td> <td>Treatment of ear, nose, and throat disorders. The term <a href="/wiki/Head_and_neck_surgery" class="mw-redirect" title="Head and neck surgery">head and neck surgery</a> defines a closely related specialty that is concerned mainly with <a href="/wiki/Surgical_oncology" title="Surgical oncology">the surgical management of cancer</a> of the same anatomical structures. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Palliative_care" title="Palliative care">Palliative care</a> </td> <td>PLM </td> <td>Medicine </td> <td> </td> <td>A relatively modern branch of clinical medicine that deals with pain and symptom relief and emotional support in patients with <a href="/wiki/Terminal_illness" title="Terminal illness">terminal illnesses</a> including <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heart_failure" title="Heart failure">heart failure</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pathology_as_a_medical_specialty" class="mw-redirect" title="Pathology as a medical specialty">Pathology</a> </td> <td>PTH </td> <td>Diagnostic </td> <td> </td> <td>Understanding <a href="/wiki/Disease" title="Disease">disease</a> through examination of <a href="/wiki/Molecule" title="Molecule">molecules</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cell_(biology)" title="Cell (biology)">cells</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tissue_(biology)" title="Tissue (biology)">tissues</a> and <a href="/wiki/Organ_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Organ (anatomy)">organs</a>. The term encompasses both the medical specialty that uses tissues and body fluids to obtain clinically useful information and the related <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">scientific</a> study of disease processes. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pediatrics" title="Pediatrics">Pediatrics</a> </td> <td>PD </td> <td>Medicine </td> <td>Children. Like internal medicine, pediatrics has many sub-specialties for specific age ranges, organ systems, disease classes, and sites of care delivery. Most sub-specialties of adult medicine have a pediatric equivalent such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pediatric_cardiology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pediatric cardiology (page does not exist)">pediatric cardiology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pediatric_emergency_medicine" title="Pediatric emergency medicine">pediatric emergency medicine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pediatric_endocrinology" title="Pediatric endocrinology">pediatric endocrinology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pediatric_gastroenterology" title="Pediatric gastroenterology">pediatric gastroenterology</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pediatric_hematology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pediatric hematology (page does not exist)">pediatric hematology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pediatric_oncology" class="mw-redirect" title="Pediatric oncology">pediatric oncology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pediatric_ophthalmology" title="Pediatric ophthalmology">pediatric ophthalmology</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Neonatology" title="Neonatology">neonatology</a>. </td> <td>Deals with the medical care of <a href="/wiki/Infant" title="Infant">infants</a>, <a href="/wiki/Child" title="Child">children</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Adolescent" class="mw-redirect" title="Adolescent">adolescents</a> (from <a href="/wiki/Newborn" class="mw-redirect" title="Newborn">newborn</a> to age 16–21, depending on the country). </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pediatric_surgery" title="Pediatric surgery">Pediatric surgery</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Surgery </td> <td>Treats a wide variety of <a href="/wiki/Chest" class="mw-redirect" title="Chest">thoracic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abdominal" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdominal">abdominal</a> (and sometimes <a href="/wiki/Urology" title="Urology">urologic</a>) diseases of childhood. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Physical_medicine_and_rehabilitation" title="Physical medicine and rehabilitation">Physical medicine and rehabilitation</a> Or Physiatry </td> <td>PM&R </td> <td>Medicine </td> <td> <ul><li>Cancer Rehabilitation</li> <li>Pain Management</li> <li>Traumatic Brain Injury</li> <li>Spinal Cord Injury</li> <li>Sports Medicine</li> <li>Pediatrics</li> <li>Hospice & Palliative Medicine</li></ul> </td> <td>Concerned with functional improvement after injury, illness, or <a href="/wiki/Congenital_disorder" class="mw-redirect" title="Congenital disorder">congenital disorders</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Plastic_surgery" title="Plastic surgery">Plastic surgery</a> </td> <td>PS </td> <td>Surgery </td> <td> <ul><li>Cosmetic surgery</li> <li>Burn</li> <li>Microsurgery</li> <li>Hand surgery</li> <li>Craniofacial surgery</li></ul> </td> <td>Elective cosmetic surgery as well as reconstructive surgery after traumatic or operative mutilation. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Podiatry" title="Podiatry">Podiatry</a> </td> <td>POD </td> <td>Surgery </td> <td> <ul><li>Forefoot surgery</li> <li>Midfoot surgery</li> <li>Rearfoot surgery</li> <li>Ankle surgery</li> <li>Soft tissue leg surgery</li></ul> </td> <td>Elective podiatric surgery of the foot and ankle, lower limb diabetic wound and salvation, <a href="/wiki/Peripheral_vascular_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Peripheral vascular disease">peripheral vascular disease</a> limb preservation, lower limb <a href="/wiki/Mononeuropathy" class="mw-redirect" title="Mononeuropathy">mononeuropathy</a> conditions. Reconstructive <a href="/w/index.php?title=Foot_%26_ankle_surgery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Foot & ankle surgery (page does not exist)">foot & ankle surgery</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Proctology" class="mw-redirect" title="Proctology">Proctology</a> </td> <td>PRO </td> <td>Medicine </td> <td> </td> <td>(or <a href="/wiki/Colorectal_surgery" title="Colorectal surgery">colorectal surgery</a>) treats disease in the <a href="/wiki/Rectum" title="Rectum">rectum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anus" title="Anus">anus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Colon_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Colon (anatomy)">colon</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Psychiatry" title="Psychiatry">Psychiatry</a> </td> <td>P </td> <td>Medicine </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Addiction_psychiatry" title="Addiction psychiatry">Addiction psychiatry</a> focuses on substance abuse and its treatment.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_psychiatry" class="mw-redirect" title="Child psychiatry">Child and adolescent psychiatry</a> focuses on the care of children and adolescents with mental, emotional, and learning problems including <a href="/wiki/ADHD" class="mw-redirect" title="ADHD">ADHD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Autism" title="Autism">autism</a>, and family conflicts.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaison_psychiatry" title="Liaison psychiatry">Consultation-Liaison psychiatry</a> focuses on the interface between general medicine and psychiatry.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_psychiatry" title="Forensic psychiatry">Forensic psychiatry</a> focuses on the interface of psychiatry and law.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geriatric_psychiatry" title="Geriatric psychiatry">Geriatric psychiatry</a> focuses on the care of elderly people with mental illnesses including <a href="/wiki/Dementia" title="Dementia">dementias</a>, post-stroke cognitive changes, and depression.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuropsychiatry" title="Neuropsychiatry">Neuropsychiatry</a> focuses on affective, cognitive and behavioral disorders attributable to diseases of the nervous system</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_medicine" title="Sleep medicine">Sleep medicine</a> focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospice_and_Palliative_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Hospice and Palliative Medicine">Hospice and Palliative Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Pain medicine">Pain medicine</a></li></ul> </td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Biopsychosocial" class="mw-redirect" title="Biopsychosocial">bio-psycho-social</a> study of the <a href="/wiki/Etiology" title="Etiology">etiology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diagnosis" title="Diagnosis">diagnosis</a>, treatment and <a href="/wiki/Preventive_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Preventive medicine">prevention</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cognitive" class="mw-redirect" title="Cognitive">cognitive</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perceptual" class="mw-redirect" title="Perceptual">perceptual</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emotional" class="mw-redirect" title="Emotional">emotional</a> and <a href="/wiki/Behavioral" class="mw-redirect" title="Behavioral">behavioral</a> disorders. Related fields include <a href="/wiki/Psychotherapy" title="Psychotherapy">psychotherapy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clinical_psychology" title="Clinical psychology">clinical psychology</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pulmonology" title="Pulmonology">Pulmonology</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>Medicine </td> <td> </td> <td>The lungs and <a href="/wiki/Respiratory_system" title="Respiratory system">respiratory system</a>. <i>Pulmonology</i> is generally considered a branch of <a href="/wiki/Internal_medicine" title="Internal medicine">internal medicine</a>, although it is closely related to <a href="/wiki/Intensive_care_medicine" title="Intensive care medicine">intensive care medicine</a> when dealing with patients requiring <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_ventilation" title="Mechanical ventilation">mechanical ventilation</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">Public Health</a> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Public health focuses on the health of populations. Physicians employed in this field work in policy, research or <a href="/wiki/Health_promotion" title="Health promotion">health promotion</a>, taking a broad view of health that encompasses the <a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_health" title="Social determinants of health">social determinants of health</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Radiology" title="Radiology">Radiology</a> </td> <td>R, DR </td> <td>Diagnostic and Therapeutic </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interventional_radiology" title="Interventional radiology">Interventional radiology</a> is concerned with using expert imaging of the human body, usually via CT, ultrasound, <a href="/wiki/Fluoroscopy" title="Fluoroscopy">fluoroscopy</a>, or MRI to perform a breadth of intravascular procedures (angioplasty, arterial stenting, thrombolysis, uterine fibroid embolization), <a href="/wiki/Biopsy" title="Biopsy">biopsies</a> and minimally invasive oncologic procedures (radiofrequency and cryoablation of tumors & transarterial chemoembolization)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_medicine" title="Nuclear medicine">Nuclear medicine</a> uses <a href="/wiki/Radioactive_decay" title="Radioactive decay">radioactive</a> substances for <i><a href="/wiki/In_vivo" title="In vivo">in vivo</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/In_vitro" title="In vitro">in vitro</a></i> diagnosis either using imaging of the location of radioactive substances placed into a patient or using <i>in vitro</i> diagnostic tests utilizing <a href="/wiki/Radioactivity" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioactivity">radioactive</a> substances.</li></ul> </td> <td>The use of expertise in radiation in the context of <a href="/wiki/Medical_imaging" title="Medical imaging">medical imaging</a> for <a href="/wiki/Diagnosis" title="Diagnosis">diagnosis</a> or image guided minimally invasive therapy. <a href="/wiki/Radiography" title="Radiography">X-rays</a>, etc. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rheumatology" title="Rheumatology">Rheumatology</a> </td> <td>RHU </td> <td>Medicine </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Autoimmunity" title="Autoimmunity">Autoimmune</a> and inflammatory diseases of the <a href="/wiki/Joint" title="Joint">joints</a> and other organ systems, such as <a href="/wiki/Arthritis" title="Arthritis">arthritis</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Rheumatic_diseases" class="mw-redirect" title="Rheumatic diseases">rheumatic diseases</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Surgical_oncology" title="Surgical oncology">Surgical oncology</a> </td> <td>SO </td> <td>Surgery </td> <td> </td> <td>Curative and palliative surgical approaches to <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a> treatment. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thoracic_surgery" class="mw-redirect" title="Thoracic surgery">Thoracic surgery</a> </td> <td>TS </td> <td>Surgery </td> <td> </td> <td>Surgery of the organs of the <a href="/wiki/Thoracic_cavity" title="Thoracic cavity">thoracic cavity</a>: the heart, lungs, and great vessels. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Organ_transplantation" title="Organ transplantation">Transplant surgery</a> </td> <td>TTS </td> <td>Surgery </td> <td> </td> <td>Transplantation of <a href="/wiki/Organ_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Organ (anatomy)">organs</a> from one body to another. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Toxicology </td> <td> </td> <td>Diagnostic and Therapeutic </td> <td> <ul><li>Environmental</li> <li>Forensic</li> <li>Occupational</li> <li>Pediatric</li></ul> </td> <td>Poisonings, Overdoses; Environmental, and Occupational Exposures </td></tr> <tr> <td>Urgent Care Medicine </td> <td>UCM </td> <td>Medicine </td> <td> </td> <td>Immediate medical care offering outpatient care for the treatment of acute and chronic illness and injury. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Urology" title="Urology">Urology</a> </td> <td>U </td> <td>Surgery </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Urinary_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Urinary tract">Urinary tracts</a> of males and females, and the <a href="/wiki/Male_reproductive_system" title="Male reproductive system">male reproductive system</a>. It is often practiced together with <a href="/wiki/Andrology" title="Andrology">andrology</a> ("men's health"). </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_surgery" title="Vascular surgery">Vascular surgery</a> </td> <td>VS </td> <td>Surgery </td> <td> </td> <td>The peripheral blood vessels – those outside the <a href="/wiki/Chest" class="mw-redirect" title="Chest">chest</a> (usually operated on by <a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular_surgery" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiovascular surgery">cardiovascular surgeons</a>) and outside the <a href="/wiki/Central_nervous_system" title="Central nervous system">central nervous system</a> (treated by <a href="/wiki/Neurosurgery" title="Neurosurgery">neurosurgery</a>). </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Salaries">Salaries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_specialty&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Salaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the 2022 Medscape Physician Compensation Report, physicians on average earn $339K annually. Primary care physicians earn $260K annually while specialists earned $368K annually.<sup id="cite_ref-medscape_com_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-medscape_com-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The table below details the average range of salaries for physicians in the US of medical specialties:<sup id="cite_ref-medscape_com_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-medscape_com-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Specialty </th> <th>Average salary (USD) </th> <th>Average hours <p>work/week </p> </th> <th>Average salary/hour (USD) </th></tr> <tr> <td>Allergy and Immunology </td> <td>$298K </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Anaesthesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Anaesthesia">Anesthesiology</a> </td> <td>$405K </td> <td>59 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dermatology" title="Dermatology">Dermatology</a> </td> <td>$438K </td> <td>44 </td> <td>103 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Emergency_medicine" title="Emergency medicine">Emergency medicine</a> </td> <td>$373K </td> <td>44 </td> <td>180 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Endocrinology </td> <td>$257K </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cardiac_Surgery" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiac Surgery">Cardiac surgery</a> </td> <td>218,684 to $500,000 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cardiology </td> <td>$490K </td> <td>55 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Critical care </td> <td>$369K </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Infectious disease </td> <td>$260K </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Internal_medicine" title="Internal medicine">Internal medicine</a> </td> <td>$264K </td> <td>55 </td> <td>58 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Family_medicine" title="Family medicine">Family medicine</a> </td> <td>$255K </td> <td>51 </td> <td>58 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nephrology </td> <td>$329K </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Neurology" title="Neurology">Neurology</a> </td> <td>$301K </td> <td>54 </td> <td>93 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Obstetrics_and_Gynecology" class="mw-redirect" title="Obstetrics and Gynecology">Obstetrics and gynecology</a> </td> <td>$336K </td> <td>59 </td> <td>83 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Oncology </td> <td>$411K </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ophthalmology" title="Ophthalmology">Ophthalmology</a> </td> <td>$417K </td> <td>45 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Orthopedic_surgery" title="Orthopedic surgery">Orthopedic surgery</a> </td> <td>$557K </td> <td>56 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Otolaryngology" class="mw-redirect" title="Otolaryngology">Otolaryngology</a> </td> <td>$469K </td> <td>52 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oral_and_Maxillofacial_Surgery" class="mw-redirect" title="Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery">Oral and maxillofacial surgery</a> </td> <td>360,000 to $625,210 </td> <td>53 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pathology </td> <td>$334K </td> <td>44 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pediatrics" title="Pediatrics">Pediatrics</a> </td> <td>244K </td> <td>52 </td> <td>69 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rheumatology </td> <td>$289K </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Physical medicine and rehabilitation </td> <td>$322K </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Preventative medicine </td> <td>$243K </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pulmonary medicine </td> <td>$353K </td> <td>55 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Psychiatry" title="Psychiatry">Psychiatry</a> </td> <td>$287K </td> <td>46 </td> <td>72 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Radiology" title="Radiology">Radiology</a> </td> <td>$437K </td> <td>56 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Surgery" title="Surgery">General surgery</a> </td> <td>$402K </td> <td>58 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Urology" title="Urology">Urology</a> </td> <td>$461K </td> <td>59 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Neurosurgery" title="Neurosurgery">Neurosurgery</a> </td> <td>350,000 to $705,000 </td> <td> </td> <td>132 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Plastic_surgery" title="Plastic surgery">Plastic surgery</a> </td> <td>$576K </td> <td> </td> <td>114 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gastroenterology" title="Gastroenterology">Gastroenterology</a> </td> <td>$453K </td> <td>55 </td> <td>93 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specialties_by_country">Specialties by country</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_specialty&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Specialties by country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia_and_New_Zealand">Australia and New Zealand</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_specialty&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Australia and New Zealand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are 15 recognised specialty medical Colleges in Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of these are Australasian Colleges and therefore also oversee New Zealand specialist doctors. These Colleges are: </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Specialist college</th> <th>Major subspecialties </th> <th><small> Approximate number of specialist doctors/trainees </small> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Australasian_College_for_Emergency_Medicine" title="Australasian College for Emergency Medicine">Australasian College for Emergency Medicine</a></td> <td>Paediatric emergency medicine </td> <td>5,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Australasian_College_of_Dermatologists" title="Australasian College of Dermatologists">Australasian College of Dermatologists</a></td> <td> </td> <td>700 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Australasian_College_of_Sport_and_Exercise_Physicians" title="Australasian College of Sport and Exercise Physicians">Australasian College of Sport and Exercise Physicians</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Exercise_medicine" title="Exercise medicine">Exercise medicine</a> </td> <td>350 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Australian_and_New_Zealand_College_of_Anaesthetists" title="Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists">Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists</a></td> <td>Pain medicine </td> <td>7,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Australian_College_of_Rural_and_Remote_Medicine" title="Australian College of Rural and Remote Medicine">Australian College of Rural and Remote Medicine</a></td> <td> </td> <td>4,500 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/College_of_Intensive_Care_Medicine" title="College of Intensive Care Medicine">College of Intensive Care Medicine</a></td> <td>Paediatric Intensive care </td> <td>1,200 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Royal_Australasian_College_of_Medical_Administrators" title="Royal Australasian College of Medical Administrators">Royal Australasian College of Medical Administrators</a></td> <td> </td> <td>800 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Royal_Australasian_College_of_Physicians" title="Royal Australasian College of Physicians">Royal Australasian College of Physicians</a></td> <td>Addiction medicine, adolescent and young adult medicine, cardiology, clinical genetics, clinical haematology, clinical pharmacology, community child health, endocrinology, gastroenterology, general and acute care medicine, general paediatrics geriatric medicine, haematology, infectious diseases, immunology and allergy, neonatal and perinatal medicine, nephrology, neurology, nuclear medicine, occupational medicine, oncology, paediatric emergency medicine, palliative medicine, public health, rehabilitation, respiratory and sleep medicine, rheumatology, sexual health </td> <td>28,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Royal_Australasian_College_of_Surgeons" title="Royal Australasian College of Surgeons">Royal Australasian College of Surgeons</a></td> <td>Cardiothoracic, general surgery, head & neck, neurosurgery, orthopaedics, paediatric surgery, plastics, urology, vascular </td> <td>9,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_and_New_Zealand_College_of_Obstetricians_and_Gynaecologists" title="Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists">Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists</a></td> <td>Obstetrics, gynaecology, fertility medicine, obstetric ultrasound, gynaecological oncology, urogynaecology </td> <td>2,500 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_and_New_Zealand_College_of_Ophthalmologists" title="Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists">Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Ophthalmologists</a></td> <td> </td> <td>1,100 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_and_New_Zealand_College_of_Psychiatrists" title="Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists">Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists</a></td> <td> </td> <td>5,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_and_New_Zealand_College_of_Radiologists" title="Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists">Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists</a></td> <td>Diagnostic, interventional, ultrasound, nuclear medicine </td> <td>3,500 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_College_of_General_Practitioners" title="Royal Australian College of General Practitioners">Royal Australian College of General Practitioners</a></td> <td> </td> <td>40,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Pathologists_of_Australasia" title="Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia">Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia</a></td> <td>Anatomical, chemical, clinical, forensic, genetic, haematological, immunological, microbiological pathology </td> <td>1,000 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australasian_College_of_Dental_Surgeons" title="Royal Australasian College of Dental Surgeons">Royal Australasian College of Dental Surgeons</a> supervises training of specialist medical practitioners specializing in <a href="/wiki/Oral_and_maxillofacial_surgery" title="Oral and maxillofacial surgery">oral and maxillofacial surgery</a> in addition to its role in the training of <a href="/wiki/Dentists" class="mw-redirect" title="Dentists">dentists</a>. There are approximately 260 faciomaxillary surgeons in Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_New_Zealand_College_of_General_Practitioners" title="Royal New Zealand College of General Practitioners">Royal New Zealand College of General Practitioners</a> is a distinct body from the Australian <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_College_of_General_Practitioners" title="Royal Australian College of General Practitioners">Royal Australian College of General Practitioners</a>. There are approximately 5100 members of the RNZCGP. </p><p>Within some of the larger colleges, there are sub-faculties, such as: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.racp.edu.au/page/racp-faculties/australasian-faculty-of-rehabilitation-medicine">Australasian Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141211133913/https://www.racp.edu.au/page/racp-faculties/australasian-faculty-of-rehabilitation-medicine">Archived</a> 2014-12-11 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australasian_College_of_Physicians" title="Royal Australasian College of Physicians">Royal Australasian College of Physicians</a> </p><p>There are some collegiate bodies in Australia that are not officially recognised as specialties by the Australian Medical Council but have a college structure for members, such as: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.physicalmedicineaustralia.com.au/">Australasian College of Physical Medicine</a> </p><p>There are some collegiate bodies in Australia of allied health non-medical practitioners with specialisation. They are not recognised as medical specialists, but can be treated as such by private health insurers, such as: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Australasian_College_of_Podiatric_Surgeons&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Australasian College of Podiatric Surgeons (page does not exist)">Australasian College of Podiatric Surgeons</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_specialty&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Specialty training in Canada is overseen by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_College_of_Physicians_and_Surgeons_of_Canada" title="Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada">Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada</a> and the <a href="/wiki/College_of_Family_Physicians_of_Canada" title="College of Family Physicians of Canada">College of Family Physicians of Canada</a>. For specialists working in the province of <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_des_m%C3%A9decins_du_Qu%C3%A9bec" class="mw-redirect" title="Collège des médecins du Québec">Collège des médecins du Québec</a> also oversees the process. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Germany">Germany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_specialty&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Germany these doctors use the term <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Facharzt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Facharzt (page does not exist)">Facharzt</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="India">India</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_specialty&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Specialty training in India is overseen by the <a href="/wiki/Medical_Council_of_India" title="Medical Council of India">Medical Council of India</a>, responsible for recognition of post graduate training and by the <a href="/wiki/National_Board_of_Examinations" class="mw-redirect" title="National Board of Examinations">National Board of Examinations</a>. Education of <a href="/wiki/Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">Ayurveda</a> in overseen by <a href="/wiki/Central_Council_of_Indian_Medicine" title="Central Council of Indian Medicine">Central Council of Indian Medicine</a> (CCIM), the council conducts UG and PG courses all over India, while <a href="/wiki/Central_Council_of_Homoeopathy" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Council of Homoeopathy">Central Council of Homoeopathy</a> does the same in the field of Homeopathy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sweden">Sweden</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_specialty&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sweden"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Sweden, a <a href="/wiki/Medical_license" title="Medical license">medical license</a> is required before commencing specialty training. Those graduating from Swedish <a href="/wiki/Medical_school" title="Medical school">medical schools</a> are first required to do a rotational <a href="/wiki/Internship" title="Internship">internship</a> of about 1.5 to 2 years in various specialties before attaining a medical license. The specialist training lasts 5 years.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_specialty&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are three agencies or organizations in the United States that collectively oversee <a href="/wiki/Physician_board_certification" class="mw-redirect" title="Physician board certification">physician board certification</a> of <a href="/wiki/Medical_Doctor" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical Doctor">MD</a> and <a href="/wiki/Osteopathic_medicine_in_the_United_States" title="Osteopathic medicine in the United States">DO</a> <a href="/wiki/Physicians_in_the_United_States" title="Physicians in the United States">physicians in the United States</a> in the 26 approved medical specialties recognized in the country. These organizations are the <a href="/wiki/American_Board_of_Medical_Specialties" title="American Board of Medical Specialties">American Board of Medical Specialties</a> (ABMS) and the <a href="/wiki/American_Medical_Association" title="American Medical Association">American Medical Association</a> (AMA); the <a href="/wiki/American_Osteopathic_Association_Bureau_of_Osteopathic_Specialists" title="American Osteopathic Association Bureau of Osteopathic Specialists">American Osteopathic Association Bureau of Osteopathic Specialists</a> (AOABOS) and the <a href="/wiki/American_Osteopathic_Association" title="American Osteopathic Association">American Osteopathic Association</a>; the <a href="/wiki/American_Board_of_Physician_Specialties" title="American Board of Physician Specialties">American Board of Physician Specialties</a> (ABPS) and the <a href="/wiki/American_Association_of_Physician_Specialists" title="American Association of Physician Specialists">American Association of Physician Specialists</a> (AAPS). Each of these agencies and their associated national medical organization functions as its various specialty academies, colleges and societies. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Certifying board </th> <th>National organization </th> <th>Physician type </th></tr> <tr> <td>ABMS </td> <td>AMA </td> <td>MD and DO </td></tr> <tr> <td>ABPS </td> <td>AAPS </td> <td>MD and DO </td></tr> <tr> <td>AOABOS </td> <td>AOA </td> <td>DO only </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>All boards of certification now require that <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">medical practitioners</a> demonstrate, by examination, continuing mastery of the core knowledge and skills for a chosen specialty. Recertification varies by particular specialty between every seven and every ten years. </p><p>In the United States there are hierarchies of medical specialties in the cities of a region. Small towns and cities have primary care, middle sized cities offer secondary care, and metropolitan cities have tertiary care. Income, size of population, population demographics, distance to the doctor, all influence the numbers and kinds of specialists and physicians located in a city.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith1979_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith1979-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demography">Demography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_specialty&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Demography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A population's income level determines whether sufficient physicians can practice in an area and whether public subsidy is needed to maintain the health of the population. Developing countries and poor areas usually have shortages of physicians and specialties, and those in practice usually locate in larger cities. For some underlying theory regarding physician location, see <a href="/wiki/Central_place_theory" title="Central place theory">central place theory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith1979_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith1979-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The proportion of men and women in different medical specialties varies greatly.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such sex segregation is largely due to differential application.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Satisfaction_and_burnout">Satisfaction and burnout</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_specialty&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Satisfaction and burnout"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A survey of <a href="/wiki/Physicians_in_the_United_States" title="Physicians in the United States">physicians in the United States</a> came to the result that dermatologists are most satisfied with their choice of specialty followed by <a href="/wiki/Radiologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiologist">radiologists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oncologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Oncologist">oncologists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plastic_surgeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastic surgeon">plastic surgeons</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gastroenterologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Gastroenterologist">gastroenterologists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-medscape2011_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-medscape2011-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast, <a href="/wiki/Primary_care_physician" title="Primary care physician">primary care physicians</a> were the least satisfied, followed by <a href="/wiki/Nephrologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Nephrologist">nephrologists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Obstetricians/gynecologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Obstetricians/gynecologist">obstetricians/gynecologists</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pulmonologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulmonologist">pulmonologists</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-medscape2011_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-medscape2011-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Surveys have also revealed high levels of depression among medical students (25 - 30%) as well as among physicians in training (22 - 43%), which for many specialties, continue into regular practice.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A UK survey conducted of cancer-related specialties in 1994 and 2002 found higher job satisfaction in those specialties with more patient contact. Rates of burnout also varied by specialty.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_specialty&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medicine#Branches" title="Medicine">Branches of medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interdisciplinary_sub-specialties_of_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Interdisciplinary sub-specialties of medicine">Interdisciplinary sub-specialties of medicine</a>, including <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_medicine" title="Occupational medicine">Occupational medicine</a> – branch of clinical medicine that provides health advice to organizations and individuals concerning work-related health and safety issues and standards. <i>See <a href="/wiki/Occupational_safety_and_health" title="Occupational safety and health">occupational safety and health</a>.</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disaster_medicine" title="Disaster medicine">Disaster medicine</a> – branch of <a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">medicine</a> that provides healthcare services to disaster survivors; guides medically related <a href="/wiki/Disaster_preparation" class="mw-redirect" title="Disaster preparation">disaster preparation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Disaster_planning" class="mw-redirect" title="Disaster planning">disaster planning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Disaster_response" title="Disaster response">disaster response</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emergency_management#Recovery" title="Emergency management">disaster recovery</a> throughout the disaster life cycle and serves as a liaison between and partner to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_contingency_planner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medical contingency planner (page does not exist)">medical contingency planner</a>, the emergency management professional, the <a href="/wiki/Incident_command_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Incident command system">incident command system</a>, government and policy makers.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preventive_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Preventive medicine">Preventive medicine</a> – part of <a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">medicine</a> engaged with preventing <a href="/wiki/Disease" title="Disease">disease</a> rather than curing it. It can be contrasted not only with curative medicine, but also with <a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">public health</a> methods (which work at the level of population health rather than individual health).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_genetics" title="Medical genetics">Medical genetics</a> – the application of <a href="/wiki/Genetics" title="Genetics">genetics</a> to <a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">medicine</a>. Medical genetics is a broad and varied field. It encompasses many different individual fields, including <a href="/wiki/Clinical_genetics" class="mw-redirect" title="Clinical genetics">clinical genetics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biochemical_genetics" class="mw-redirect" title="Biochemical genetics">biochemical genetics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cytogenetics" title="Cytogenetics">cytogenetics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Molecular_genetics" title="Molecular genetics">molecular genetics</a>, the genetics of common diseases (such as <a href="/wiki/Neural_tube_defects" class="mw-redirect" title="Neural tube defects">neural tube defects</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Genetic_counseling" title="Genetic counseling">genetic counseling</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specialty_Registrar_(StR)" class="mw-redirect" title="Specialty Registrar (StR)">Specialty Registrar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_National_Specialty_Societies_of_Canada" title="Federation of National Specialty Societies of Canada">Federation of National Specialty Societies of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_General_Internal_Medicine" title="Society of General Internal Medicine">Society of General Internal Medicine</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_specialty&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/medical-specialists-medical-specialists">"Different Types of Doctors: Find the Specialist You Need"</a>. <i>webmd.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=webmd.com&rft.atitle=Different+Types+of+Doctors%3A+Find+the+Specialist+You+Need&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webmd.com%2Fa-to-z-guides%2Fmedical-specialists-medical-specialists&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedical+specialty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BullHistMed2003-Weisz-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BullHistMed2003-Weisz_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BullHistMed2003-Weisz_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWeisz_G2003" class="citation journal cs1">Weisz G (Fall 2003). "The Emergence of Medical Specialization in the Nineteenth Century". <i>Bull Hist Med</i>. <b>77</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">536–</span>574. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fbhm.2003.0150">10.1353/bhm.2003.0150</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14523260">14523260</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:23694173">23694173</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bull+Hist+Med&rft.atitle=The+Emergence+of+Medical+Specialization+in+the+Nineteenth+Century&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E536-%3C%2Fspan%3E574&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A23694173%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14523260&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fbhm.2003.0150&rft.au=Weisz+G&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedical+specialty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eudirective2005-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-eudirective2005_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32005L0036:EN:NOT">"Directive 2005/36/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 September 2005 on the recognition of professional qualifications"</a>. European Parliament and Council. 7 September 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Directive+2005%2F36%2FEC+of+the+European+Parliament+and+of+the+Council+of+7+September+2005+on+the+recognition+of+professional+qualifications&rft.pub=European+Parliament+and+Council&rft.date=2005-09-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feur-lex.europa.eu%2FLexUriServ%2FLexUriServ.do%3Furi%3DCELEX%3A32005L0036%3AEN%3ANOT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedical+specialty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-swe-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-swe_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-swe_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-swe_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.regeringen.se/content/1/c6/05/69/05/0678f033.pdf">Regeringen.se – new grouping of the medical specialties</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080410001711/http://www.regeringen.se/content/1/c6/05/69/05/0678f033.pdf">Archived</a> April 10, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fshn.illinois.edu/undergraduate/dietetics/becomingrd">"Becoming a Registered Dietitian"</a>. <i>Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition</i>. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Department+of+Food+Science+and+Human+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Becoming+a+Registered+Dietitian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffshn.illinois.edu%2Fundergraduate%2Fdietetics%2Fbecomingrd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedical+specialty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-medscape_com-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-medscape_com_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-medscape_com_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.medscape.com/slideshow/2022-compensation-overview-6015043">"Medscape Physician Compensation Report 2022: Incomes Gain, Pay Gaps Remain"</a>. <i>Medscape</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Medscape&rft.atitle=Medscape+Physician+Compensation+Report+2022%3A+Incomes+Gain%2C+Pay+Gaps+Remain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medscape.com%2Fslideshow%2F2022-compensation-overview-6015043&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedical+specialty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKatzowitz2022" class="citation web cs1">Katzowitz, Josh (2022-02-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whitecoatinvestor.com/how-much-do-doctors-make/">"How Much Do Doctors Make? [Salary by Specialty 2022] | White Coat Investor"</a>. <i>The White Coat Investor - Investing & Personal Finance for Doctors</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+White+Coat+Investor+-+Investing+%26+Personal+Finance+for+Doctors&rft.atitle=How+Much+Do+Doctors+Make%3F+%5BSalary+by+Specialty+2022%5D+%7C+White+Coat+Investor&rft.date=2022-02-02&rft.aulast=Katzowitz&rft.aufirst=Josh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whitecoatinvestor.com%2Fhow-much-do-doctors-make%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedical+specialty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Council of Presidents of Medical Colleges, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://cpmc.edu.au/">https://cpmc.edu.au/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Medical Board of Australia, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.medicalboard.gov.au/registration/types/specialist-registration/medical-specialties-and-specialty-fields.aspx">https://www.medicalboard.gov.au/registration/types/specialist-registration/medical-specialties-and-specialty-fields.aspx</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.myhealthcareer.com.au/medicine/what-sort-of-doctor-do-you-want-to-be/">"What sort of doctor do you want to be? Medical specialties in Australia"</a>. 15 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+sort+of+doctor+do+you+want+to+be%3F+Medical+specialties+in+Australia&rft.date=2014-05-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.myhealthcareer.com.au%2Fmedicine%2Fwhat-sort-of-doctor-do-you-want-to-be%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedical+specialty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.anzaoms.org/about/what-is-anzaoms">"What is ANZAOMS? - ANZAOMS"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+ANZAOMS%3F+-+ANZAOMS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.anzaoms.org%2Fabout%2Fwhat-is-anzaoms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedical+specialty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.med.lu.se/english/study/specialty_training_residency">"Specialty training / residency"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lund_University" title="Lund University">Lund University</a>, Faculty of Medicine</i>. 2015-05-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-11-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lund+University%2C+Faculty+of+Medicine&rft.atitle=Specialty+training+%2F+residency&rft.date=2015-05-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.med.lu.se%2Fenglish%2Fstudy%2Fspecialty_training_residency&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedical+specialty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smith1979-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Smith1979_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith1979_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSmith1979" class="citation journal cs1">Smith, Margot Wiesinger (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1431844">"A guide to the delineation of medical care regions, medical trade areas, and hospital service areas"</a>. <i>Public Health Reports</i>. <b>94</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">248–</span>254. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4596085">4596085</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1431844">1431844</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/582210">582210</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Health+Reports&rft.atitle=A+guide+to+the+delineation+of+medical+care+regions%2C+medical+trade+areas%2C+and+hospital+service+areas&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E248-%3C%2Fspan%3E254&rft.date=1979&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1431844%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F582210&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4596085%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Margot+Wiesinger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1431844&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedical+specialty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ama-assn.org/residents-students/specialty-profiles/these-medical-specialties-have-biggest-gender-imbalances">"These medical specialties have the biggest gender imbalances"</a>. American Medical Association<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=These+medical+specialties+have+the+biggest+gender+imbalances&rft.pub=American+Medical+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ama-assn.org%2Fresidents-students%2Fspecialty-profiles%2Fthese-medical-specialties-have-biggest-gender-imbalances&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedical+specialty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWoolfJayaweeraUnwinKeshwani2019" class="citation journal cs1">Woolf, Katherine; Jayaweera, Hirosha; Unwin, Emily; Keshwani, Karim; Valerio, Christopher; Potts, Henry (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6429837">"Effect of sex on specialty training application outcomes: A longitudinal administrative data study of UK medical graduates"</a>. <i>BMJ Open</i>. <b>9</b> (3): e025004. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmjopen-2018-025004">10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025004</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6429837">6429837</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30837254">30837254</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMJ+Open&rft.atitle=Effect+of+sex+on+specialty+training+application+outcomes%3A+A+longitudinal+administrative+data+study+of+UK+medical+graduates&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=e025004&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6429837%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30837254&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbmjopen-2018-025004&rft.aulast=Woolf&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rft.au=Jayaweera%2C+Hirosha&rft.au=Unwin%2C+Emily&rft.au=Keshwani%2C+Karim&rft.au=Valerio%2C+Christopher&rft.au=Potts%2C+Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6429837&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedical+specialty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-medscape2011-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-medscape2011_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-medscape2011_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medscape.com/features/slideshow/compensation/2011">"Medscape: Medscape Access"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Medscape%3A+Medscape+Access&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.medscape.com%2Ffeatures%2Fslideshow%2Fcompensation%2F2011&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedical+specialty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRotensteinRamosTorreSegal2016" class="citation journal cs1">Rotenstein, Lisa S.; Ramos, Marco A.; Torre, Matthew; Segal, J. Bradley; Peluso, Michael J.; Guille, Constance; Sen, Srijan; Mata, Douglas A. (2016-12-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5613659">"Prevalence of Depression, Depressive Symptoms, and Suicidal Ideation Among Medical Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"</a>. <i>JAMA</i>. <b>316</b> (21): <span class="nowrap">2214–</span>2236. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1001%2Fjama.2016.17324">10.1001/jama.2016.17324</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1538-3598">1538-3598</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5613659">5613659</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27923088">27923088</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+Depression%2C+Depressive+Symptoms%2C+and+Suicidal+Ideation+Among+Medical+Students%3A+A+Systematic+Review+and+Meta-Analysis&rft.volume=316&rft.issue=21&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2214-%3C%2Fspan%3E2236&rft.date=2016-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5613659%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=1538-3598&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27923088&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1001%2Fjama.2016.17324&rft.aulast=Rotenstein&rft.aufirst=Lisa+S.&rft.au=Ramos%2C+Marco+A.&rft.au=Torre%2C+Matthew&rft.au=Segal%2C+J.+Bradley&rft.au=Peluso%2C+Michael+J.&rft.au=Guille%2C+Constance&rft.au=Sen%2C+Srijan&rft.au=Mata%2C+Douglas+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5613659&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedical+specialty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMataRamosBansalKhan2015" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A._Mata" class="mw-redirect" title="Douglas A. Mata">Mata, Douglas A.</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marco_A._Ramos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marco A. Ramos (page does not exist)">Ramos, Marco A.</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Narinder_Bansal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Narinder Bansal (page does not exist)">Bansal, Narinder</a>; <a href="/wiki/Rida_Khan" title="Rida Khan">Khan, Rida</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Constance_Guille&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Constance Guille (page does not exist)">Guille, Constance</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emanuele_Di_Angelantonio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emanuele Di Angelantonio (page does not exist)">Angelantonio, Emanuele Di</a>; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Srijan_Sen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Srijan Sen (page does not exist)">Sen, Srijan</a> (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4866499">"Prevalence of Depression and Depressive Symptoms Among Resident Physicians: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/JAMA_(journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="JAMA (journal)">JAMA</a></i>. <b>314</b> (22): <span class="nowrap">2373–</span>2383. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1001%2Fjama.2015.15845">10.1001/jama.2015.15845</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4866499">4866499</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26647259">26647259</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=JAMA&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+Depression+and+Depressive+Symptoms+Among+Resident+Physicians%3A+A+Systematic+Review+and+Meta-analysis&rft.volume=314&rft.issue=22&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2373-%3C%2Fspan%3E2383&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4866499%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26647259&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1001%2Fjama.2015.15845&rft.aulast=Mata&rft.aufirst=Douglas+A.&rft.au=Ramos%2C+Marco+A.&rft.au=Bansal%2C+Narinder&rft.au=Khan%2C+Rida&rft.au=Guille%2C+Constance&rft.au=Angelantonio%2C+Emanuele+Di&rft.au=Sen%2C+Srijan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4866499&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedical+specialty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTaylorGrahamPottsRichards2005" class="citation journal cs1">Taylor, Cath; Graham, Jill; Potts, Henry WW; Richards, Michael A.; Ramirez, Amanda J. (2005). "Changes in mental health of UK hospital consultants since the mid-1990s". <i>The Lancet</i>. <b>366</b> (9487): <span class="nowrap">742–</span>744. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2805%2967178-4">10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67178-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16125591">16125591</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:11391979">11391979</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Lancet&rft.atitle=Changes+in+mental+health+of+UK+hospital+consultants+since+the+mid-1990s&rft.volume=366&rft.issue=9487&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E742-%3C%2Fspan%3E744&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A11391979%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16125591&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2805%2967178-4&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Cath&rft.au=Graham%2C+Jill&rft.au=Potts%2C+Henry+WW&rft.au=Richards%2C+Michael+A.&rft.au=Ramirez%2C+Amanda+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedical+specialty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Medicine685" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Medicine" title="Template:Medicine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Medicine" title="Template talk:Medicine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Medicine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Medicine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Medicine685" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">Medicine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Specialties</a><br />and<br /><a href="/wiki/Subspecialty" title="Subspecialty">subspecialties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Surgery" title="Surgery">Surgery</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardiac_surgery" title="Cardiac surgery">Cardiac surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiothoracic_surgery" title="Cardiothoracic surgery">Cardiothoracic surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endocrine_surgery" title="Endocrine surgery">Endocrine surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_surgery" title="Eye surgery">Eye surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_surgery" title="General surgery">General surgery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colorectal_surgery" title="Colorectal surgery">Colorectal surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digestive_system_surgery" title="Digestive system surgery">Digestive system surgery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurosurgery" title="Neurosurgery">Neurosurgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_and_maxillofacial_surgery" title="Oral and maxillofacial surgery">Oral and maxillofacial surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthopedic_surgery" title="Orthopedic surgery">Orthopedic surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_surgery" title="Hand surgery">Hand surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otorhinolaryngology" title="Otorhinolaryngology">Otolaryngology</a> <ul><li><small>ENT</small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pediatric_surgery" title="Pediatric surgery">Pediatric surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_surgery" title="Plastic surgery">Plastic surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_surgery" title="Reproductive surgery">Reproductive surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surgical_oncology" title="Surgical oncology">Surgical oncology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organ_transplantation" title="Organ transplantation">Transplant surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trauma_surgery" title="Trauma surgery">Trauma surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urology" title="Urology">Urology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrology" title="Andrology">Andrology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vascular_surgery" title="Vascular surgery">Vascular surgery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Internal_medicine" title="Internal medicine">Internal<br />medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allergy" title="Allergy">Allergy</a> / <a href="/wiki/Immunology" title="Immunology">Immunology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angiology" title="Angiology">Angiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiology" title="Cardiology">Cardiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endocrinology" title="Endocrinology">Endocrinology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastroenterology" title="Gastroenterology">Gastroenterology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hepatology" title="Hepatology">Hepatology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geriatrics" title="Geriatrics">Geriatrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hematology" title="Hematology">Hematology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_medicine" title="Hospital medicine">Hospital medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infectious_diseases_(medical_specialty)" title="Infectious diseases (medical specialty)">Infectious diseases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephrology" title="Nephrology">Nephrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oncology" title="Oncology">Oncology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulmonology" title="Pulmonology">Pulmonology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheumatology" title="Rheumatology">Rheumatology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Obstetrics_and_gynaecology" title="Obstetrics and gynaecology">Obstetrics and<br />gynaecology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gynaecology" title="Gynaecology">Gynaecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gynecologic_oncology" title="Gynecologic oncology">Gynecologic oncology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maternal%E2%80%93fetal_medicine" title="Maternal–fetal medicine">Maternal–fetal medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obstetrics" title="Obstetrics">Obstetrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_endocrinology_and_infertility" title="Reproductive endocrinology and infertility">Reproductive endocrinology and infertility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urogynecology" title="Urogynecology">Urogynecology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medical_diagnosis" title="Medical diagnosis">Diagnostic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radiology" title="Radiology">Radiology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interventional_radiology" title="Interventional radiology">Interventional radiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroradiology" title="Neuroradiology">Neuroradiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_medicine" title="Nuclear medicine">Nuclear medicine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pathology" title="Pathology">Pathology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatomical_pathology" title="Anatomical pathology">Anatomical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_pathology" title="Clinical pathology">Clinical pathology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_chemistry" title="Clinical chemistry">Clinical chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cytopathology" title="Cytopathology">Cytopathology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_microbiology" title="Medical microbiology">Medical microbiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfusion_medicine" title="Transfusion medicine">Transfusion medicine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Addiction_medicine" title="Addiction medicine">Addiction medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolescent_medicine" title="Adolescent medicine">Adolescent medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anesthesiology" title="Anesthesiology">Anesthesiology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Obstetric_anesthesiology" title="Obstetric anesthesiology">Obstetric anesthesiology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurosurgical_anesthesia" title="Neurosurgical anesthesia">Neurosurgical anesthesiology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_medicine" title="Aviation medicine">Aviation medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dermatology" title="Dermatology">Dermatology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disaster_medicine" title="Disaster medicine">Disaster medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diving_medicine" title="Diving medicine">Diving medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_medicine" title="Emergency medicine">Emergency medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_gathering_medicine" title="Mass gathering medicine">Mass gathering medicine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_medicine" title="Evolutionary medicine">Evolutionary medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_medicine" title="Family medicine">Family medicine</a> / <a href="/wiki/General_practice" title="General practice">General practice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_medicine" title="Hospital medicine">Hospital medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intensive_care_medicine" title="Intensive care medicine">Intensive care medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_genetics" title="Medical genetics">Medical genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcology" title="Narcology">Narcology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurology" title="Neurology">Neurology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_neurophysiology" title="Clinical neurophysiology">Clinical neurophysiology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_medicine" title="Occupational medicine">Occupational medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophthalmology" title="Ophthalmology">Ophthalmology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_medicine" title="Oral medicine">Oral medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_management" title="Pain management">Pain management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palliative_care" title="Palliative care">Palliative care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pediatrics" title="Pediatrics">Pediatrics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neonatology" title="Neonatology">Neonatology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phlebologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Phlebologist">Phlebology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physical_medicine_and_rehabilitation" title="Physical medicine and rehabilitation">Physical medicine and rehabilitation</a> (PM&R)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preventive_healthcare" title="Preventive healthcare">Preventive medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_healthcare" title="Prison healthcare">Prison healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychiatry" title="Psychiatry">Psychiatry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Addiction_psychiatry" title="Addiction psychiatry">Addiction psychiatry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiation_therapy" title="Radiation therapy">Radiation oncology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_medicine" title="Reproductive medicine">Reproductive medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_medicine" title="Sexual medicine">Sexual medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venereology" title="Venereology">Venereology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleep_medicine" title="Sleep medicine">Sleep medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_medicine" title="Sports medicine">Sports medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organ_transplantation" title="Organ transplantation">Transplantation medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_medicine" title="Tropical medicine">Tropical medicine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Travel_medicine" title="Travel medicine">Travel medicine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medical_education" title="Medical education">Medical<br />education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medical_school" title="Medical school">Medical school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Medicine,_Bachelor_of_Surgery" title="Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery">Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Medical_Sciences" title="Bachelor of Medical Sciences">Bachelor of Medical Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Medicine" title="Master of Medicine">Master of Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Surgery" title="Master of Surgery">Master of Surgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Medicine" title="Doctor of Medicine">Doctor of Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Osteopathic_Medicine" title="Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine">Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MD%E2%80%93PhD" title="MD–PhD">MD–PhD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medical_Scientist_Training_Program" title="Medical Scientist Training Program">Medical Scientist Training Program</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allied_health_professions" title="Allied health professions">Allied health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_oncology" title="Molecular oncology">Molecular oncology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanomedicine" title="Nanomedicine">Nanomedicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personalized_medicine" title="Personalized medicine">Personalized medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">Public health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_health" title="Rural health">Rural health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Therapy" title="Therapy">Therapy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veterinary_medicine" title="Veterinary medicine">Veterinary medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">Physician</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_physician" title="Chief physician">Chief physician</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine" title="History of medicine">History of medicine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Medicine" title="Category:Medicine">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Medicine" class="extiw" title="commons:Medicine">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Medicine">Wikiproject</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/20px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/40px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Medicine" title="Portal:Medicine">Portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/20px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/40px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_medicine" title="Outline of medicine">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/WHO_Rod.svg/20px-WHO_Rod.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="107" data-file-height="250" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Medicine" title="Portal:Medicine">Medicine</a></li></ul></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Medical_specialty&oldid=1275199523">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Medical_specialty&oldid=1275199523</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Medical_specialties" title="Category:Medical specialties">Medical specialties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_salaries" title="Category:Lists of salaries">Lists of salaries</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_May_2023" title="Category:Articles lacking reliable references from May 2023">Articles lacking reliable references from May 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references" title="Category:All articles lacking reliable references">All articles lacking reliable references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_cleanup_from_October_2024" title="Category:Articles needing cleanup from October 2024">Articles needing cleanup from October 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_pages_needing_cleanup" title="Category:All pages needing cleanup">All pages needing cleanup</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_October_2024" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from October 2024">Articles needing additional references from October 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_multiple_maintenance_issues" title="Category:Articles with multiple maintenance issues">Articles with multiple maintenance issues</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2014" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2014">Articles with unsourced statements from October 2014</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 11 February 2025, at 17:21<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Medical_specialty&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Medical specialty</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>42 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.eqiad.main-d6f4c4464-qmn5c","wgBackendResponseTime":186,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.638","walltime":"1.074","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2697,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":107141,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":13305,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":15,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":6,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":81113,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 856.593 1 -total"," 38.41% 328.987 2 Template:Navbox"," 37.76% 323.468 1 Template:Medicine"," 22.28% 190.857 1 Template:Reflist"," 14.97% 128.213 1 Template:Short_description"," 14.51% 124.290 10 Template:Cite_web"," 12.72% 108.996 1 Template:Multiple_issues"," 8.60% 73.699 8 Template:Main_other"," 7.96% 68.189 3 Template:Ambox"," 6.13% 52.504 1 Template:Unreliable_sources"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.332","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7020990,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-d6f4c4464-dkrnt","timestamp":"20250326034428","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Medical specialty","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Medical_specialty","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q930752","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q930752","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-11-16T02:38:33Z","dateModified":"2025-02-11T17:21:35Z","headline":"branch of medicine concerning a specific group of diseases or population"}</script> </body> </html>