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Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Xhosa+%28taal%29" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Xhosa+%28taal%29" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. 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class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Grammatica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grammatica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Grammatica</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Grammatica-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Grammatica-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Grammatica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Syntactische_gevolgen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syntactische_gevolgen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Syntactische gevolgen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Syntactische_gevolgen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alfabetisering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alfabetisering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Alfabetisering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alfabetisering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klankleer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klankleer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Klankleer</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Klankleer-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Klankleer-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Klankleer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kliks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kliks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Kliks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kliks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lateralen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lateralen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Lateralen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lateralen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ejectieven_en_implosieven" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ejectieven_en_implosieven"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Ejectieven en implosieven</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ejectieven_en_implosieven-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prenasalen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prenasalen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Prenasalen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prenasalen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klinkers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klinkers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Klinkers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klinkers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nasale_klinkers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nasale_klinkers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Nasale klinkers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nasale_klinkers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leenwoorden_van_Nederlandse_oorsprong" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leenwoorden_van_Nederlandse_oorsprong"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Leenwoorden van Nederlandse oorsprong</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leenwoorden_van_Nederlandse_oorsprong-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trivia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trivia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Trivia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trivia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Xhosa (taal)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 102 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-102" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">102 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa" title="Xhosa – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Xhosa" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="झोसा भाषा – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="झोसा भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة الكوسية – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الكوسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الكوسيه – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الكوسيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_xhosa" title="Idioma xhosa – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma xhosa" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xosa_dili" title="Xosa dili – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xosa dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0_(%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Кхоса (език) – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кхоса (език)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="খোসা ভাষা – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="খোসা ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosaeg" title="Xhosaeg – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Xhosaeg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xosa" title="Xosa – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Xosa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%86%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="زمانی کۆسا – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی کۆسا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xho%C5%A1tina" title="Xhoština – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Xhoština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Коса чĕлхи – Tsjoevasjisch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Коса чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tsjoevasjisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa_(iaith)" title="Xhosa (iaith) – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Xhosa (iaith)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa_(sprog)" title="Xhosa (sprog) – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Xhosa (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiXhosa" title="IsiXhosa – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="IsiXhosa" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8C%CF%83%CE%B1_(%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%82)" title="Κόσα (διάλεκτος) – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κόσα (διάλεκτος)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa_language" title="Xhosa language – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Xhosa language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosa_lingvo" title="Kosa lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kosa lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_xhosa" title="Idioma xhosa – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma xhosa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koosa_keel" title="Koosa keel – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Koosa keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosera" title="Xhosera – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Xhosera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="زبان خوسایی – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان خوسایی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosan_kieli" title="Xhosan kieli – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Xhosan kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa_m%C3%A1l" title="Xhosa mál – Faeröers" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Xhosa mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faeröers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa_(langue)" title="Xhosa (langue) – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Xhosa (langue)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa_(Spriik)" title="Xhosa (Spriik) – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Xhosa (Spriik)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Ch%C3%B3isis" title="An Chóisis – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Chóisis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_xosa" title="Lingua xosa – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua xosa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harshen_Xhosa" title="Harshen Xhosa – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Harshen Xhosa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%94_(%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%94)" title="קוסה (שפה) – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קוסה (שפה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="कोसा भाषा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कोसा भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa_bhasa" title="Xhosa bhasa – Fijisch Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Xhosa bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fijisch Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa_jezik" title="Xhosa jezik – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Xhosa jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosza_nyelv" title="Xhosza nyelv – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Xhosza nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%A1_(%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%B8%D6%82)" title="Կոսա (լեզու) – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կոսա (լեզու)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Xhosa" title="Bahasa Xhosa – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Xhosa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/As%E1%BB%A5s%E1%BB%A5_Xhosa" title="Asụsụ Xhosa – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Asụsụ Xhosa" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Xhosa" title="Pagsasao a Xhosa – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Xhosa" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa-linguo" title="Xhosa-linguo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Xhosa-linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa" title="Xhosa – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Xhosa" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_xhosa" title="Lingua xhosa – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua xhosa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%82%B5%E8%AA%9E" title="コサ語 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コサ語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kixhosa" title="Kixhosa – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Kixhosa" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Xhosa" title="Bahasa Xhosa – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Xhosa" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Коса тілі – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Коса тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EC%82%AC%EC%96%B4" title="코사어 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="코사어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0_(%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2)" title="Коса (кыв) – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Коса (кыв)" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Xosana" title="Lingua Xosana – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Xosana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosa_(lingua)" title="Cosa (lingua) – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Cosa (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa_(taol)" title="Xhosa (taol) – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Xhosa (taol)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kos%C5%B3_kalba" title="Kosų kalba – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kosų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isi%C4%B7hosa" title="Isiķhosa – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Isiķhosa" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_k%C3%B4sa" title="Fiteny kôsa – Malagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny kôsa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0_(%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Коса (јазик) – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Коса (јазик)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="കോസാ ഭാഷ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കോസാ ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="कौसा भाषा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कौसा भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Xhosa" title="Bahasa Xhosa – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Xhosa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="خوسایی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="خوسایی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiXhosa" title="IsiXhosa – Nedersaksisch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="IsiXhosa" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="खोसा भाषा – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="खोसा भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa" title="Xhosa – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Xhosa" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa_(spr%C3%A5k)" title="Xhosa (språk) – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Xhosa (språk)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sethosa" title="Sethosa – Noord-Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Sethosa" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Noord-Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa" title="Xhosa – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Xhosa" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਕੋਸਾ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੋਸਾ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_xhosa" title="Język xhosa – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język xhosa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_Xhosa" title="Lenga Xhosa – Piëmontees" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga Xhosa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piëmontees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="خوسايي ژبه – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="خوسايي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_xossa" title="Língua xossa – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua xossa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa_simi" title="Xhosa simi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Xhosa simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_xhosa" title="Limba xhosa – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba xhosa" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0_(%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)" title="Коса (язык) – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Коса (язык)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikigisosa" title="Ikigisosa – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ikigisosa" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱠᱷᱳᱥᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱷᱳᱥᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa_jezik" title="Xhosa jezik – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Xhosa jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa_language" title="Xhosa language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Xhosa language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chixhosa" title="Chixhosa – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chixhosa" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_xhosa" title="Gjuha xhosa – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha xhosa" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0_(%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA)" title="Коса (језик) – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Коса (језик)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ADChoza" title="SíChoza – Swazi" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="SíChoza" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swazi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seqhosa" title="Seqhosa – Zuid-Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Seqhosa" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Zuid-Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa" title="Xhosa – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Xhosa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kixhosa" title="Kixhosa – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kixhosa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="சோசா மொழி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சோசா மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Xhosa" title="Wikang Xhosa – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Xhosa" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sethosa" title="Sethosa – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Sethosa" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa_dili" title="Xhosa dili – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Xhosa dili" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Коса теле – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Коса теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Коса (мова) – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Коса (мова)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="خوسائی زبان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خوسائی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiXhoza" title="IsiXhoza – Venda" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="IsiXhoza" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="Venda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosan_kel%27" title="Kosan kel' – Wepsisch" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kosan kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Wepsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Xhosa" title="Tiếng Xhosa – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Xhosa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%AD" title="科萨语 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="科萨语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiXhosa" title="IsiXhosa – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IsiXhosa" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90)" title="კოსა (ნინა) – Mingreels" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კოსა (ნინა)" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingreels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_Xhosa" title="Èdè Xhosa – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Xhosa" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%AD" title="科萨语 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="科萨语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhosa-g%C3%AD" title="Xhosa-gí – Minnanyu" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Xhosa-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnanyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E6%B2%99%E6%96%87" title="荷沙文 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="荷沙文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiXhosa" title="IsiXhosa – Zoeloe" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IsiXhosa" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zoeloe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q13218#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Xhosa_(taal)" title="Inhoudspagina bekijken [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Overleg:Xhosa_(taal)" rel="discussion" title="Overleg over deze pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Taalvariant wijzigen" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Nederlands</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergaven"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Xhosa_(taal)"><span>Lezen</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xhosa_(taal)&veaction=edit" title="Deze pagina bewerken [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xhosa_(taal)&action=edit" title="Broncode van deze pagina bewerken [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Brontekst bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xhosa_(taal)&action=history" title="Eerdere versies van deze pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Geschiedenis weergeven</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hulpmiddelen</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Meer opties" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handelingen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Xhosa_(taal)"><span>Lezen</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xhosa_(taal)&veaction=edit" title="Deze pagina bewerken [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xhosa_(taal)&action=edit" title="Broncode van deze pagina bewerken [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Brontekst bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xhosa_(taal)&action=history"><span>Geschiedenis weergeven</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:VerwijzingenNaarHier/Xhosa_(taal)" title="Lijst met alle pagina's die naar deze pagina verwijzen [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Links naar deze pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingenGelinkt/Xhosa_(taal)" rel="nofollow" title="Recente wijzigingen in pagina's waar deze pagina naar verwijst [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Gerelateerde wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=nl" title="Bestanden uploaden [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Bestand uploaden</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:SpecialePaginas" title="Lijst met alle speciale pagina's [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Speciale pagina's</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xhosa_(taal)&oldid=67110823" title="Permanente koppeling naar deze versie van deze pagina"><span>Permanente koppeling</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xhosa_(taal)&action=info" title="Meer informatie over deze pagina"><span>Paginagegevens</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Citeren&page=Xhosa_%28taal%29&id=67110823&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informatie over hoe u deze pagina kunt citeren"><span>Deze pagina citeren</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FXhosa_%28taal%29"><span>Verkorte URL verkrijgen</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FXhosa_%28taal%29"><span>QR-code downloaden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Afdrukken/exporteren </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Xhosa+%28taal%29"><span>Boek aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Xhosa_%28taal%29&action=show-download-screen"><span>Downloaden als PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xhosa_(taal)&printable=yes" title="Printvriendelijke versie van deze pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Afdrukversie</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In andere projecten </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Xhosa_language" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q13218" title="Koppeling naar item in verbonden gegevensrepository [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Uiterlijk</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit; text-align:center; font-size:120%;" colspan="3">Xhosa<br />IsiXhosa </th></tr> <tr> <th>Sprekers </th> <td colspan="2">8,2 miljoen (2020) </td></tr> <tr> <th>Rang </th> <td colspan="2">Niet in de top 100 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Alfabet_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfabet (hoofdbetekenis)">Alfabet</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Latijns_schrift" title="Latijns schrift">Latijns alfabet</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit;" colspan="3">Officiële status </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Offici%C3%ABle_taal" title="Officiële taal">Officieel in</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><div> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_South_Africa.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Zuid-Afrika"><img alt="Vlag van Zuid-Afrika" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/20px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/30px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Flag_of_South_Africa.svg/40px-Flag_of_South_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Zuid-Afrika" title="Zuid-Afrika">Zuid-Afrika</a> <br /> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Zimbabwe"><img alt="Vlag van Zimbabwe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/20px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/30px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/40px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit;" colspan="3">Taalcodes </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">ISO 639</a>-1 </th> <td colspan="2">xh </td></tr> <tr> <th>ISO 639-2 </th> <td colspan="2">xho </td></tr> <tr> <th>ISO 639-3 </th> <td colspan="2">xho </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" style="color:inherit;" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Taal" title="Portaal:Taal">Taal</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:South_Africa_2011_Xhosa_speakers_density_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/South_Africa_2011_Xhosa_speakers_density_map.svg/260px-South_Africa_2011_Xhosa_speakers_density_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/South_Africa_2011_Xhosa_speakers_density_map.svg/390px-South_Africa_2011_Xhosa_speakers_density_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/South_Africa_2011_Xhosa_speakers_density_map.svg/520px-South_Africa_2011_Xhosa_speakers_density_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="809" data-file-height="709" /></a><figcaption>aantal Xhosa sprekers per vierkante km</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Xhosa</b> (<span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/16\/Nl-uitspraak-Xhosa.ogg\/Nl-uitspraak-Xhosa.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"uitspraak"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"nl","wikibase":"","file":"Nl-uitspraak-Xhosa.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/16/Nl-uitspraak-Xhosa.ogg/Nl-uitspraak-Xhosa.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Geluid afspelen" title="Geluid afspelen" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">uitspraak</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Nl-uitspraak-Xhosa.ogg" title="Bestand:Nl-uitspraak-Xhosa.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>) is de zuidwestelijkste tak van de <a href="/wiki/Ngunitalen" title="Ngunitalen">Ngunitalen</a>, die weer een onderdeel van de <a href="/wiki/Bantoetalen" title="Bantoetalen">Bantoetalen</a> zijn. In de taal zelf zegt men: <i>isiXhosa</i> IPA: /isi'kǁʰoː.sa/ ; aangezien dit een klik bevat (kǁʰ) spreken mensen die geen <a href="/wiki/Khoisantalen" title="Khoisantalen">kliktaal</a> spreken het meestal uit als /kɔːza/ <i>kôzza</i>. </p><p>Het wordt voornamelijk gesproken in de <a href="/wiki/Zuid-Afrika" title="Zuid-Afrika">Zuid-Afrikaanse</a> provincie <a href="/wiki/Oost-Kaap" title="Oost-Kaap">Oost-Kaap</a>, hoewel er tegenwoordig ook steeds meer sprekers in de omgeving van <a href="/wiki/Kaapstad" title="Kaapstad">Kaapstad</a> wonen. Er zijn ruim acht miljoen sprekers, waarmee het na <a href="/wiki/Zoeloe_(taal)" title="Zoeloe (taal)">Zoeloe</a> de tweede taal van het land is in aantal sprekers. Het is de moedertaal van zowel <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> als de voormalige president <a href="/wiki/Thabo_Mbeki" title="Thabo Mbeki">Thabo Mbeki</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammatica">Grammatica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xhosa_(taal)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Grammatica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xhosa_(taal)&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Grammatica"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zoals bij alle Bantoetalen is de grammatica gebaseerd op het klassensysteem. In het enkelvoud zijn er 8 klassen te onderscheiden, in het meervoud vijf. Werkwoorden en bijvoeglijke naamwoorden volgen de klasse van het bijbehorende naamwoord. Een werkwoord kan ook als naamwoord fungeren (vgl. Nederlands: <i>het eten</i> = <i>ukutya</i>) en behoren allemaal tot klasse 15. </p><p>Een voorbeeld: </p> <dl><dd>Umntwana (kind) (klasse 1) ; ukubona (zien) (klasse 15); indoda (man) (klasse 9)</dd></dl> <ul><li><b>Um</b>ntwana <b>u</b>bona indoda (het kind ziet de man)</li> <li><b>Aba</b>ntwana <b>ba</b>bona indoda (de kinderen zien de man)</li> <li><b>In</b>doda <b>i</b>bona umntwana (de man ziet het kind)</li></ul> <p>De voorvoegsels <i>aba</i> en <i>ba</i> behoren bij klasse 2, die meestal het meervoud van klasse 1 weerspiegelt. </p><p>Zoals de voorbeelden te zien geven wordt de klasse van het onderwerp dus door een overeenkomstig voorvoegsel ('concord') weergegeven, nl. <b>u</b> voor klasse 1, <b>ba</b> voor klasse 2, <b>i</b> voor klasse 9 enz. Dit geldt ook voor lijdende voorwerpen: </p> <ul><li><b>Um</b>ntwana <b>u</b>bona indoda (het kind ziet de man)</li> <li><b>Um</b>ntwana <b>u</b>y<b>i</b>bona indoda (het kind ziet de mán)</li> <li><b>Um</b>ntwana <b>u</b>y<b>i</b>bona (het kind ziet hem)</li></ul> <ul><li><b>In</b>doda <b>i</b>ya<b>m</b>bona umntwana (de man ziet het kínd)</li> <li><b>In</b>doda <b>i</b>ya<b>m</b>bona (de man ziet het/hem = klasse 1)</li></ul> <p>De woorden van klasse 1 hebben gewoonlijk betrekking op <i>personen</i> en klasse 2 is daar gewoonlijk het meervoud van. Klasse 3 heeft meestal betrekking op onbezielde begrippen uit de natuur, zoals bomen en rivieren en hun meervoud is gewoonlijk klasse 4. Klasse 5 omvat een aantal uiteenlopende zaken, zoals het enkelvoud van dingen die in paren voorkomen (iliso =oog), maar ook woorden als stem, land, paard. Hun meervoud is gewoonlijk klasse 6, maar deze klasse is niet alleen maar een meervoud. Ook collectiva als amaXhosa: het Xhosa-volk of afmeetbare stoffen zoals water (amanzi) of macht (amandla) horen ertoe. Klasse 7 omvat onder andere talen en culturen en hun meervoud is gewoonlijk klasse 8. Klasse 9 is de meest productieve klasse omdat vrijwel alle leenwoorden gevormd worden door er een i-concord voor te zetten en ze in te lijven in deze klasse. Het meervoud ervan is gewoonlijk klasse 10, maar deze klasse is ook het meervoud van klasse 11. Klasse 12 en 13 bestaan niet meer in het Xhosa. Klasse 14 bestaat vooral uit woorden die eigenschappen uitdrukken en die geen meervoud hebben. In het Nederlands gebeurt dat vaak met het achtervoegsel -heid. Klasse 15 bevat de onbepaalde wijs van het werkwoord die evenals in het Nederlands ook als zelfstandig naamwoord kan fungeren. </p><p>In het Nederlands treedt een woord gewoonlijk ofwel alleen als enkelvoud op, bijvoorbeeld <i>tarwe</i>, ofwel als enkel- en meervoud zoals mens-mensen. In het Xhosa kan een woord tot meer dan twee klassen behoren, bijvoorbeeld -ntu is mens: umntu (1) (een/de mens), abantu (2) (de mensen), isintu (7) (de taal/cultuur van de mens(en)), uluntu (11) mensheid, ubuntu (14) (medemenselijkheid). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Syntactische_gevolgen">Syntactische gevolgen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xhosa_(taal)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Syntactische gevolgen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xhosa_(taal)&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Syntactische gevolgen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Het klassenstelsel stelt een spreker in staat op vrij lange afstand naar begrippen terug te verwijzen. Als iemand bijvoorbeeld zegt <i>ndiya<b>lu</b>bona</i> (ik zie hem/het), verwijst <b>-lu-</b> terug naar het laatste woord van klasse 11 dat ter sprake geweest is en dat kan best vier of vijf zinnen daarvoor geweest zijn. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alfabetisering">Alfabetisering</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xhosa_(taal)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Alfabetisering" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xhosa_(taal)&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Alfabetisering"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In de spelling is ervoor gekozen alle concords vast te schrijven aan het naamwoord. Dit is in tegenstelling met sommige andere Bantoetalen zoals Sotho ('soetoe'). De aaneengeschreven spelling kan tot problemen leiden bij de alfabetisering van een woord. Er zijn twee strategieën: ofwel beschouwt men het voorvoegsel als onderdeel van het woord en zet <i>umntwana</i> onder de <i>u</i>, ofwel laat men het voorvoegsel weg en zet het onder de <i>n</i> van -ntwana. Beide mogelijkheden hebben hun nadelen. In het eerste geval komen wel erg veel woorden onder u, a of i terecht en de meervouden komen onder een andere letter dan het enkelvoud. </p><p>In het laatste geval is het niet altijd duidelijk waar de grens te trekken tussen voorvoegsel en naamwoord. Bijvoorbeeld een woord als <i>uLwesihlanu</i> (vrijdag) is ontstaan uit -hlanu (vijf) en een aantal voorvoegsels: -isi- voor het rangtelwoord, e- als een locatief en ulu- als een concord dat verwijst naar een klasse 11-woord: usuku (dag). ULwesihlanu betekent dus <i>de vijfde</i>. Sommige sprekers verwijzen nog naar het woord vrijdag als een klasse 11-woord, maar vaak wordt de begin u- als een klasse 1-concord gezien. In dat geval is het woord dus beter als (u)-Lwesihlanu te alfabetiseren, niet als (ulu)-esihlanu. De hoofdletter L is een aanduiding daarvan. </p><p>Eigennamen krijgen net als in het Nederlands een hoofdletter, maar dat geldt voor het <i>naamwoord</i> niet de concord. Als men verwijst naar John schrijft men dus <i>uJoni</i>. Aan het begin van een zin schrijft men net als in het Nederlands een hoofdletter. <i>UJoni</i> is dus de schrijfwijze aan het begin van een zin. Het verdient aanbeveling de automatische correctie die veel tekstverwerkingsprogramma's zoals Word toepassen op twee opeenvolgende hoofdletters uit te schakelen bij het schrijven van Xhosa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Klankleer">Klankleer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xhosa_(taal)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Klankleer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xhosa_(taal)&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Klankleer"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kliks">Kliks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xhosa_(taal)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Kliks" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xhosa_(taal)&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Kliks"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hoewel klik-fonemen hun oorsprong vinden in de <a href="/wiki/Khoisantalen" title="Khoisantalen">Khoisantalen</a> heeft isiXhosa er een ruim aantal overgenomen. Er zijn drie basiskliks </p> <ul><li>c (dentale klik), zoals in 'tsk, tsk, nee hoor dat mag niet, hoor!'</li> <li>x (laterale klik), een zijdelingse klak die men wel gebruikt om paarden mee aan te sporen</li> <li>q (palatale klik), die klinkt als het ontkurken van een champagnefles.</li></ul> <p>Iedere klik komt voor in zes vormen: </p> <ul><li>x de klik zelf</li> <li>xh geaspireerd</li> <li>gx stemhebbend</li> <li>nx genasaleerd</li> <li>ngx combinatie alle drie</li> <li>nkx voorafgegaan door nasaal</li></ul> <p>Een woord kan meerdere kliks bevatten, maar dat zijn in de regel vormen van dezelfde basisklik: </p> <dl><dd>iqhoqhoqho (<i>adamsappel</i>)</dd> <dd>uqongqothwane (<i>klopkever</i> ('tokkie'))</dd></dl> <p>In plaatsnamen zijn er soms twee verschillende kliks, zoals iQonce (Koning Willemstad) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lateralen">Lateralen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xhosa_(taal)&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Lateralen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xhosa_(taal)&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Lateralen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De lettercombinaties <i>hl</i>, <i>dl</i>, <i>ntl</i> en <i>ndl</i> worden gebruikt om laterale fricatieven en affricaten aan te geven. De combinatie <i>hl</i> is een stemloze laterale fricatief en komt dus overeen met de <i>ll</i> van het <a href="/wiki/Welsh_(taal)" title="Welsh (taal)">Welsh</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ejectieven_en_implosieven">Ejectieven en implosieven</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xhosa_(taal)&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Ejectieven en implosieven" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xhosa_(taal)&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Ejectieven en implosieven"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De letter <i>b</i> staat voor een implosieve stemhebbende bilabiale stop waarbij de luchtstroom dus inwaarts is. Er is een contrast met <i>bh</i> die eerder als een Nederlandse b klinkt omdat de luchtstroom naar buiten is. Men noemt deze klank ook wel 'geaspireerd'. </p><p>Er bestaat ook een contrast tussen <i>k</i> en <i>kh</i>. De eerste is een ejectieve stop, de tweede niet en wordt enigszins geaspireerd uitgesproken. Hiernaast bestaat een <i>kr</i>-klank die een sterk ejectieve affricaat voorstelt, ongeveer zoals men een ratel nabootst. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prenasalen">Prenasalen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xhosa_(taal)&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Prenasalen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xhosa_(taal)&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Prenasalen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Veel stops komen ook als prenasalen voor, naast <i>d</i> en <i>n</i> bestaat er een foneem <i>nd</i> dat het midden houdt tussen beide klanken. Men kan de klank dus beschouwen als een verharde <i>n</i> of een verzachte, nasale <i>d</i>. In het Nederlands is de <i>klank</i> in het midden van een woord niet ongebruikelijk zoals in <i>ha<b>nd</b>en</i>, maar de klank is geen foneem en komt bijvoorbeeld niet voor aan het begin van een woord. In het Xhosa is dat wel zo. Het woord <i>ik</i> is bijvoorbeeld (als voorvoegsel) <i>ndi-</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Klinkers">Klinkers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xhosa_(taal)&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Klinkers" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xhosa_(taal)&action=edit&section=9" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Klinkers"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Het Xhosa heeft vijf klinkers: /a/, /e/, /i/, /o/ en /u/. Lengte speelt alleen een rol in die zin dat de voorlaatste lettergreep een soort klemtoon heeft en de klinker verlengd wordt. Slotklinkers worden soms goeddeels ingeslikt zoals: <i>Enkosi</i> (dank je wel) wordt vaak /ɛ<sup>n</sup>koːs/. De taal kent drie tonen: hoog, laag en hoog/laag (vallend). De tonen kunnen geschreven worden als: á, à en â, maar dit wordt meestal weggelaten. </p><p>In de officiële klankleer en spelling eindigen alle lettergrepen op een klinker en onderscheidt men geen tweeklanken. Toch klinkt een woord als <i>hayi</i> (nee) verdacht veel als het Nederlandse 'haai' en <i>kawu</i> als 'kauw'. Het niet-bestaan van tweeklanken is kortom meer als een spellingkeuze te zien, hetzelfde geldt voor de 'weggelaten' slotklinker van <i>Enkos' </i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nasale_klinkers">Nasale klinkers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xhosa_(taal)&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Nasale klinkers" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xhosa_(taal)&action=edit&section=10" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Nasale klinkers"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ook nasalen kunnen functioneren als klinkers en een lettergreep vormen. Als los woord is <i>ik</i> bijvoorbeeld <i>mna</i>. In tegenstelling tot <i>ndi</i> /<sup>n</sup>di/ bestaat dit woord uit twee lettergrepen: m.na </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leenwoorden_van_Nederlandse_oorsprong">Leenwoorden van Nederlandse oorsprong</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xhosa_(taal)&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Leenwoorden van Nederlandse oorsprong" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xhosa_(taal)&action=edit&section=11" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Leenwoorden van Nederlandse oorsprong"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De taal heeft (via het <a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a>) veel woorden aan het <a href="/wiki/Nederlands" title="Nederlands">Nederlands</a> ontleend, bijv: </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><i>isi</i>larha</td> <td>de slager (de gutturale affricaat /x/ (zoals 'ch' in kachel) wordt als 'rh' geschreven) </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>i</i>lokhwe</td> <td>de rok </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>i</i>hempe</td> <td>het hemd </td></tr> <tr> <td>torhu</td> <td>toch </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>uku</i>lesa</td> <td>lezen </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>uku</i>deka</td> <td>dekken </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>i</i>tafile</td> <td>de tafel </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>i</i>tapile</td> <td>de aardappel </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>i</i>vasilaphu</td> <td>de waslap </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>i</i>tyiphu</td> <td>de kip </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>i</i>pria</td> <td>de pap </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Met deze woorden kan men de volgende zin opstellen: </p><p><i>soraq sideka itafile ngevasilaphu? Hayie torhu!</i> (hayie = nee) </p><p>De vertaling van deze zin luidt: </p><p><i>Heeft hij de slager de tafel gedekt met een waslap? Nee toch!</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Trivia">Trivia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xhosa_(taal)&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Trivia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xhosa_(taal)&action=edit&section=12" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Trivia"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In 1967 had <a href="/wiki/Miriam_Makeba" title="Miriam Makeba">Miriam Makeba</a> een wereldwijde hit met het in het Xhosa gezongen nummer <i><a href="/wiki/Pata_pata" title="Pata pata">Pata pata</a></i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xhosa_(taal)&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xhosa_(taal)&action=edit&section=13" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_talen_van_de_wereld" title="Lijst van talen van de wereld">Lijst van talen van de wereld</a></li></ul> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Xhosa_language#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Xhosa language">Mediabestanden</a></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div>Zie de categorie <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Xhosa_language#mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Xhosa language">Xhosa language</a></b></i> van <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp.</div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-links,.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-rechts{right:2px}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-afb-groot{float:right;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:#ddeef8;padding:2px 5.5em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud{padding:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-inhoud p:first-child{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background-color"],.mw-parser-output .navigatie div[style*="background"]{color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navigatie-titel{background-color:var(--background-color-interactive,#eaecf0)!important}}</style> <div class="navigatie" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="Officiële_talen_van_Zuid-Afrika"> <div class="navigatie-afb-links noviewer"><div class="navigatie-bewerken show-autoconfirmed nomobile"><span class="nowrap skin-invert-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Navigatie_talen_Zuid-Afrika" title="Sjabloon:Navigatie talen Zuid-Afrika"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_article-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> · <span class="ui-state-disabled" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Overleg sjabloon (de pagina bestaat niet)"><img alt="Overleg sjabloon (de pagina bestaat niet)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></span></span> · <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Navigatie_talen_Zuid-Afrika&action=edit" title="Sjabloon bewerken"><img alt="Sjabloon bewerken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/16px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/32px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="Officiële_talen_van_Zuid-Afrika" class="navigatie-titel"><a href="/wiki/Offici%C3%ABle_talen_van_Zuid-Afrika" title="Officiële talen van Zuid-Afrika">Officiële talen van Zuid-Afrika</a></div> <div class="navigatie-inhoud"> <p><a href="/wiki/Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a> · <a href="/wiki/Engels_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Engels (hoofdbetekenis)">Engels</a> · <a href="/wiki/Noord-Sotho" title="Noord-Sotho">Noord-Sotho</a> · <a href="/wiki/Swazi_(taal)" title="Swazi (taal)">Swazi</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tsonga" title="Tsonga">Tsonga</a> · <a href="/wiki/Tswana_(taal)" title="Tswana (taal)">Tswana</a> · <a href="/wiki/Venda_(taal)" title="Venda (taal)">Venda</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Xhosa</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zoeloe_(taal)" title="Zoeloe (taal)">Zoeloe</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zuid-Ndebele_(taal)" title="Zuid-Ndebele (taal)">Zuid-Ndebele</a> · <a href="/wiki/Zuid-Sotho" title="Zuid-Sotho">Zuid-Sotho</a> <br /> <i><a href="/wiki/Nederlands" title="Nederlands">Nederlands</a> (tot 1984)</i> </p> </div></div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/25px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/38px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/50px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></a></span></div> <div>Zie de <i><b><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="xh:">Xhosa uitgave</a></b></i> van <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>.</div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" 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