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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Feminism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Feminism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Feminism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Feminism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nihilism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nihilism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Nihilism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nihilism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Art</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Art-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Art subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Flags_and_emblems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flags_and_emblems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Flags and emblems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flags_and_emblems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Science</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Myth_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Myth_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Myth sources</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Myth_sources-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Myth sources subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Myth_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_myth_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_myth_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Primary myth sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_myth_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mentioned_in" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mentioned_in"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Mentioned in</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mentioned_in-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Medusa</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 82 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-82" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">82 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medusa" title="Medusa – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Medusa" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="ميدوسا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ميدوسا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BE" title="মেডুছা – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মেডুছা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medusa_(mitolox%C3%ADa)" title="Medusa (mitoloxía) – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Medusa (mitoloxía)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qorqona_Meduza" title="Qorqona Meduza – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qorqona Meduza" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE" title="মেডুসা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মেডুসা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Медуза горгона – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Медуза горгона" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Гаргона Медуза – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гаргона Медуза" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medusa" title="Medusa – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Medusa" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Медуза (митология) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Медуза (митология)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meduza_(mitologija)" title="Meduza (mitologija) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Meduza (mitologija)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medousa" title="Medousa – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Medousa" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medusa_(mitologia)" title="Medusa (mitologia) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Medusa (mitologia)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Med%C3%BAsa" title="Medúsa – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Medúsa" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medusa" title="Medusa – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Medusa" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medwsa" title="Medwsa – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Medwsa" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medusa" title="Medusa – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Medusa" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medusa" title="Medusa – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Medusa" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%AD%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B1_(%CE%BC%CF%85%CE%B8%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Μέδουσα (μυθολογία) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μέδουσα (μυθολογία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medusa_(mitolog%C3%ADa)" title="Medusa (mitología) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Medusa (mitología)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meduzo_(mitologio)" title="Meduzo (mitologio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Meduzo (mitologio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medusa_(mitologia)" title="Medusa (mitologia) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Medusa (mitologia)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="مدوسا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مدوسا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9duse_(mythologie)" title="Méduse (mythologie) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Méduse (mythologie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mead%C3%BAsa_(miotaseola%C3%ADocht)" title="Meadúsa (miotaseolaíocht) – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Meadúsa (miotaseolaíocht)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medusa_(mitolox%C3%ADa)" title="Medusa (mitoloxía) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Medusa (mitoloxía)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌿𐍃𐌰 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌿𐍃𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%94%EB%91%90%EC%82%AC" title="메두사 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="메두사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%B8%D5%B6_%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%A4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A6%D5%A1" title="Գորգոն Մեդուզա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գորգոն Մեդուզա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meduza_(mitologija)" title="Meduza (mitologija) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Meduza (mitologija)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meduzo_(mitologio)" title="Meduzo (mitologio) – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Meduzo (mitologio)" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medusa" title="Medusa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Medusa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Med%C3%BAsa" title="Medúsa – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Medúsa" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medusa_(mitologia)" title="Medusa (mitologia) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Medusa (mitologia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%95%D7%96%D7%94_(%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94)" title="מדוזה (מיתולוגיה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מדוזה (מיתולוגיה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%96%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90)" title="მედუზა (მითოლოგია) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მედუზა (მითოლოგია)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%9A%DA%88%D9%88%D9%97%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="میٚڈوٗسا – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="میٚڈوٗسا" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Горгона Медуза – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Горгона Медуза" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madusa" title="Madusa – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Madusa" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Med%C3%BBsa" title="Medûsa – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Medûsa" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2" title="ເມດູສາ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເມດູສາ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medusa" title="Medusa – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Medusa" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Med%C5%ABza_(mitolo%C4%A3ija)" title="Medūza (mitoloģija) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Medūza (mitoloģija)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Med%C5%ABza_(mitologija)" title="Medūza (mitologija) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Medūza (mitologija)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medusza" title="Medusza – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Medusza" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Медуза (митологија) – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Медуза (митологија)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B8" title="മെഡൂസ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മെഡൂസ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medusa" title="Medusa – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Medusa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯃꯦꯗꯨꯁꯥ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯃꯦꯗꯨꯁꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%B0%E1%80%86%E1%80%AC" title="မက်ဒူဆာ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မက်ဒူဆာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medusa_(mythologie)" title="Medusa (mythologie) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Medusa (mythologie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A1%E3%83%89%E3%82%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B5" title="メドゥーサ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="メドゥーサ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medusa" title="Medusa – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Medusa" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medusa_(mitologia)" title="Medusa (mitologia) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Medusa (mitologia)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meduza_(mif)" title="Meduza (mif) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Meduza (mif)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE" title="ਮੈਡੂਸਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮੈਡੂਸਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meduza_(gorgona)" title="Meduza (gorgona) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Meduza (gorgona)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medusa" title="Medusa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Medusa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medusa" title="Medusa – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Medusa" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Горгона Медуза – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Горгона Медуза" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medusa" title="Medusa – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Medusa" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medusa" title="Medusa – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Medusa" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%96%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8F" title="මෙඩූසා – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මෙඩූසා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medusa" title="Medusa – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Medusa" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Med%C3%BAza_(mytol%C3%B3gia)" title="Medúza (mytológia) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Medúza (mytológia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meduza_(mitologija)" title="Meduza (mitologija) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Meduza (mitologija)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8E%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="مێدوسا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مێدوسا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="Медуза (митологија) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Медуза (митологија)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meduza_(mitologija)" title="Meduza (mitologija) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Meduza (mitologija)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medusa" title="Medusa – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Medusa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medusa" title="Medusa – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Medusa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medusa" title="Medusa – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Medusa" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE" title="மெடூசா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மெடூசா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Медуза Горгона – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Медуза Горгона" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2" title="เมดูซา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เมดูซา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medusa" title="Medusa – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Medusa" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0_(%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Медуза (міфологія) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Медуза (міфологія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medusa" title="Medusa – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Medusa" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medusa" title="Medusa – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Medusa" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%9D%9C%E8%8E%8E" title="美杜莎 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="美杜莎" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%9D%9C%E8%8E%8E" title="美杜莎 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="美杜莎" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E6%9D%9C%E8%8E%8E" title="美杜莎 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="美杜莎" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q160730#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Goddess from Greek mythology</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Medusa_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Medusa (disambiguation)">Medusa (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output 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class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;background-color: #CEF2E0;">Medusa</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gorgona_pushkin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Gorgona_pushkin.jpg/220px-Gorgona_pushkin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Gorgona_pushkin.jpg/330px-Gorgona_pushkin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Gorgona_pushkin.jpg/440px-Gorgona_pushkin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1328" data-file-height="910" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Classical Greek <i><a href="/wiki/Gorgoneion" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorgoneion">gorgoneion</a></i> featuring the head of Medusa; fourth century BC</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEF2E0;">Genealogy</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Phorcys" title="Phorcys">Phorcys</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ceto" title="Ceto">Ceto</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Siblings</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/The_Hesperides" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hesperides">The Hesperides</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stheno" class="mw-redirect" title="Stheno">Stheno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Euryale_(Gorgon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Euryale (Gorgon)">Euryale</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Graeae" class="mw-redirect" title="The Graeae">The Graeae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thoosa" title="Thoosa">Thoosa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scylla" title="Scylla">Scylla</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ladon_(mythology)" title="Ladon (mythology)">Ladon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Consort</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pegasus" title="Pegasus">Pegasus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chrysaor" title="Chrysaor">Chrysaor</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:16.0em"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background-color:#cef2e0 ;color:black;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Category:Ancient Greek religion">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background-color:#cef2e0 ;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#005daa">Greek mythology</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kylix_Theseus_Aison_MNA_Inv11365_n1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Theseus slays the Minotaur under the gaze of Athena"><img alt="Theseus slays the Minotaur under the gaze of Athena" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Kylix_Theseus_Aison_MNA_Inv11365_n1.jpg/195px-Kylix_Theseus_Aison_MNA_Inv11365_n1.jpg" decoding="async" width="195" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Kylix_Theseus_Aison_MNA_Inv11365_n1.jpg/293px-Kylix_Theseus_Aison_MNA_Inv11365_n1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Kylix_Theseus_Aison_MNA_Inv11365_n1.jpg/390px-Kylix_Theseus_Aison_MNA_Inv11365_n1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2025" data-file-height="2025" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><i>Theseus slays the Minotaur under the gaze of Athena</i></div></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:#cef2e0 ;color:black;;background-color:#cef2e0; color: black;"> Deities</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:Azure"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_primordial_deities" title="Greek primordial deities">Primordial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titans" title="Titans">Titans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Olympians" title="Twelve Olympians">Olympians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nymph" title="Nymph">Nymphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_water_deities" title="Greek water deities">Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chthonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Chthonic">Chthonic</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:#cef2e0 ;color:black;;background-color:#cef2e0; color: black;"> Heroes and heroism</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="text-align:center;padding-top:0; background-color:Azure"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labours_of_Heracles" class="mw-redirect" title="Labours of Heracles">Labours</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hector" title="Hector">Hector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diomedes" title="Diomedes">Diomedes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trojan_War" title="Trojan War">Trojan War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odysseus" title="Odysseus">Odysseus</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason" title="Jason">Jason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argonauts" 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Greek_mythology_sidebar" title="Template:Greek mythology sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Greek_mythology_sidebar" title="Template talk:Greek mythology sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Greek_mythology_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Greek mythology sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek mythology</a>, <b>Medusa</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/dj/: 'd' in 'dew'">dj</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span>-<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Μέδουσα</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ancient_Greek" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Ancient Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Médousa</i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'guardian, protectress'),<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> also called <b>Gorgo</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Γοργώ</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or the <b>Gorgon</b>, was one of the three <a href="/wiki/Gorgons" title="Gorgons">Gorgons</a>. Medusa is generally described as a woman with living snakes in place of hair; her appearance was so hideous that anyone who looked upon her was <a href="/wiki/Petrifaction_in_mythology_and_fiction" title="Petrifaction in mythology and fiction">turned to stone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Medusa and her Gorgon sisters <a href="/wiki/Euryale_and_Stheno" class="mw-redirect" title="Euryale and Stheno">Euryale and Stheno</a> were usually described as daughters of <a href="/wiki/Phorcys" title="Phorcys">Phorcys</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ceto" title="Ceto">Ceto</a>; of the three, only Medusa was mortal. </p><p>Medusa was beheaded by the Greek hero <a href="/wiki/Perseus" title="Perseus">Perseus</a>, who then used her head, which retained its ability to turn onlookers to stone, as a weapon<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> until he gave it to the goddess <a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a> to place on her <a href="/wiki/Aegis" title="Aegis">shield</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">classical antiquity</a>, the image of the head of Medusa appeared in the <a href="/wiki/Apotropaic_magic" title="Apotropaic magic">evil-averting device</a> known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Gorgoneion" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorgoneion">Gorgoneion</a></i>. </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a>, she lived and died on Sarpedon, somewhere near <a href="/wiki/Cisthene_(Mysia)" title="Cisthene (Mysia)">Cisthene</a>. The 2nd-century BC novelist Dionysios Skytobrachion puts her somewhere in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Libya" title="Ancient Libya">Libya</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Herodotus" title="Herodotus">Herodotus</a> had said the <a href="/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Berbers</a> originated her myth as part of <a href="/wiki/Traditional_Berber_religion" title="Traditional Berber religion">their religion</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mythology">Mythology</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Centre_Close_Up_of_the_West_Pediment_from_the_Temple_of_Artemis_in_Corfu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Centre_Close_Up_of_the_West_Pediment_from_the_Temple_of_Artemis_in_Corfu.jpg/220px-Centre_Close_Up_of_the_West_Pediment_from_the_Temple_of_Artemis_in_Corfu.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Centre_Close_Up_of_the_West_Pediment_from_the_Temple_of_Artemis_in_Corfu.jpg/330px-Centre_Close_Up_of_the_West_Pediment_from_the_Temple_of_Artemis_in_Corfu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Centre_Close_Up_of_the_West_Pediment_from_the_Temple_of_Artemis_in_Corfu.jpg/440px-Centre_Close_Up_of_the_West_Pediment_from_the_Temple_of_Artemis_in_Corfu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3726" data-file-height="2741" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greece" title="Archaic Greece">archaic</a> Medusa wearing the belt of the intertwined snakes, a fertility symbol, as depicted on the west <a href="/wiki/Pediment" title="Pediment">pediment</a> of the Temple of <a href="/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis">Artemis</a> on the island of <a href="/wiki/Corcyra" class="mw-redirect" title="Corcyra">Corcyra</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seleukos_I_Nikator_%C3%86_750607.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Seleukos_I_Nikator_%C3%86_750607.jpg/220px-Seleukos_I_Nikator_%C3%86_750607.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Seleukos_I_Nikator_%C3%86_750607.jpg/330px-Seleukos_I_Nikator_%C3%86_750607.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Seleukos_I_Nikator_%C3%86_750607.jpg/440px-Seleukos_I_Nikator_%C3%86_750607.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="242" /></a><figcaption>Coins of the reign of <a href="/wiki/Seleucus_I_Nicator" title="Seleucus I Nicator">Seleucus I Nicator</a> of Syria (312–280 BC)</figcaption></figure> <p>The three <a href="/wiki/Gorgons" title="Gorgons">Gorgons</a>—Medusa, <a href="/wiki/Stheno" class="mw-redirect" title="Stheno">Stheno</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Euryale_(Gorgon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Euryale (Gorgon)">Euryale</a>—were described by <a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Apollodorus)" title="Bibliotheca (Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a> as offspring of the sea-god <a href="/wiki/Phorcys" title="Phorcys">Phorcys</a> and his sister <a href="/wiki/Ceto" title="Ceto">Ceto</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> according to <a href="/wiki/Gaius_Julius_Hyginus" title="Gaius Julius Hyginus">Hyginus</a>, however, their parents were "Gorgon" and Ceto.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their genealogy is shared with other sisters, the <a href="/wiki/Graeae" title="Graeae">Graeae</a>, as in <a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Prometheus_Bound" title="Prometheus Bound">Prometheus Bound</a></i>, which places both trios of sisters far off "on Kisthene's dreadful plain": </p> <blockquote><p>Near them their sisters three, the Gorgons, winged<br /> With snakes for hair—hatred of mortal man<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In most versions of the story, Medusa was beheaded by the <a href="/wiki/Greek_hero" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek hero">hero</a> <a href="/wiki/Perseus" title="Perseus">Perseus</a>, who was sent to fetch her head by King <a href="/wiki/Polydectes" title="Polydectes">Polydectes</a> of <a href="/wiki/Serifos" title="Serifos">Seriphus</a> because Polydectes wanted to marry Perseus's mother. The gods were well aware of this, and Perseus received help. He received a mirrored shield from <a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a>, sandals with gold wings from <a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a>, a sword from <a href="/wiki/Hephaestus" title="Hephaestus">Hephaestus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hades" title="Hades">Hades</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Cap_of_invisibility" title="Cap of invisibility">helm of invisibility</a>. Since Medusa was the only one of the three Gorgons who was mortal, Perseus was able to slay her; he did so while looking at the reflection from the mirrored shield he received from Athena. During that time, Medusa was pregnant by <a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a>. When Perseus beheaded her, <a href="/wiki/Pegasus" title="Pegasus">Pegasus</a>, a winged horse, and <a href="/wiki/Chrysaor" title="Chrysaor">Chrysaor</a>, a giant wielding a golden sword, sprang from her body.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jane_Ellen_Harrison" title="Jane Ellen Harrison">Jane Ellen Harrison</a> argues that "her potency only begins when her head is severed, and that potency resides in the head; she is in a word a mask with a body later appended... the basis of the <a href="/wiki/Gorgoneion" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorgoneion">Gorgoneion</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Cult_(religion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cult (religion)">cultus object</a>, a ritual mask misunderstood."<sup id="cite_ref-Harrison_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harrison-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <i><a href="/wiki/Odyssey" title="Odyssey">Odyssey</a></i> xi, <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a> does not specifically mention the <a href="/wiki/Gorgon" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorgon">Gorgon</a> Medusa: </p> <blockquote><p>Lest for my daring <a href="/wiki/Persephone" title="Persephone">Persephone</a> the dread,<br /> From Hades should send up an awful monster's grisly head.</p></blockquote> <p>Harrison's translation states that "the Gorgon was made out of the terror, not the terror out of the Gorgon."<sup id="cite_ref-Harrison_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harrison-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>, in northwest Africa, Perseus flew past the <a href="/wiki/Titan_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Titan (mythology)">Titan</a> <a href="/wiki/Atlas_(mythology)" title="Atlas (mythology)">Atlas</a>, who stood holding the sky aloft, and transformed Atlas into a stone when Atlas tried to attack him.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a similar manner, the <a href="/wiki/Coral_(precious)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coral (precious)">corals</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a> were said to have been formed of Medusa's blood spilled onto seaweed when Perseus laid down the petrifying head beside the shore during his short stay in <a href="/wiki/Aethiopia_(Classical_Greek_term)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aethiopia (Classical Greek term)">Ethiopia</a> where he saved and wed his future wife, the lovely princess <a href="/wiki/Andromeda_(mythology)" title="Andromeda (mythology)">Andromeda</a>, who was the most beautiful woman in the world at that time. Furthermore, the venomous vipers of the <a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Sahara</a>, in the <i><a href="/wiki/Argonautica" title="Argonautica">Argonautica</a></i> 4.1515, Ovid's <i><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a></i> 4.770 and Lucan's <i><a href="/wiki/Pharsalia" title="Pharsalia">Pharsalia</a></i> 9.820, were said to have grown from spilt drops of her blood. The blood of Medusa also spawned the <a href="/wiki/Amphisbaena" title="Amphisbaena">Amphisbaena</a> (a horned dragon-like creature with a snake-headed tail). </p><p>Perseus then flew to Seriphos, where his mother was being forced into marriage with the king, Polydectes, who was turned into stone by the head. Then Perseus gave the Gorgon's head to Athena, who placed it on her shield, the <a href="/wiki/Aegis" title="Aegis">Aegis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While ancient Greek vase-painters and relief carvers imagined Medusa and her sisters as having monstrous form, sculptors and vase-painters of the fifth century BC began to envisage her as being beautiful as well as terrifying. In an ode written in 490 BC, <a href="/wiki/Pindar" title="Pindar">Pindar</a> already speaks of "fair-cheeked Medusa".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a late version of the Medusa myth, by the Roman poet <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Medusa was originally a beautiful maiden, but when <a href="/wiki/Neptune_(mythology)" title="Neptune (mythology)">Neptune</a> (the Roman equivalent of the Greek <a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a>) mated with her in <a href="/wiki/Minerva" title="Minerva">Minerva</a>'s temple (Minerva being the Roman equivalent of the Greek <a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a>), Minerva punished Medusa by transforming her beautiful hair into horrible snakes. Although no earlier versions mention this, ancient depictions of Medusa as a beautiful maiden instead of a horrid monster predate Ovid. In classical Greek art, the depiction of Medusa shifted from hideous beast to an attractive young woman, both aggressor and victim, a tragic figure in her death.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaroglou2018[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid_SZKDwAAQBAJpgPA9_9]_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaroglou2018[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid_SZKDwAAQBAJpgPA9_9]-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest of those depictions comes courtesy of <a href="/wiki/Polygnotus" title="Polygnotus">Polygnotus</a>, who drew Medusa as a comely woman sleeping peacefully as Perseus beheads her.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaroglou2018[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid_SZKDwAAQBAJpgPA9_9]_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaroglou2018[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid_SZKDwAAQBAJpgPA9_9]-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaroglou2018[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid_SZKDwAAQBAJpgPA10_10]_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaroglou2018[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid_SZKDwAAQBAJpgPA10_10]-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the act of killing a beautiful maiden in her sleep is rather unheroic, it is not clear whether those vases are meant to elicit sympathy for Medusa's fate, or to mock the traditional hero.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaroglou2018[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid_SZKDwAAQBAJpgPA11_11]_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaroglou2018[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid_SZKDwAAQBAJpgPA11_11]-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some classical references refer to three Gorgons; Harrison considered that the tripling of Medusa into a trio of sisters was a secondary feature in the myth: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The triple form is not primitive, it is merely an instance of a general tendency... which makes of each woman goddess a trinity, which has given us the <a href="/wiki/Horae" title="Horae">Horae</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Charites" title="Charites">Charites</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Semnai" class="mw-redirect" title="Semnai">Semnai</a>, and a host of other triple groups. It is immediately obvious that the Gorgons are not really three but one + two. The two unslain sisters are mere appendages due to custom; the real Gorgon is Medusa.<sup id="cite_ref-Harrison_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harrison-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 101.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 99.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yerebatan_1091.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An ancient Roman carving of the Medusa, now a spolia in use as a column base in the Basilica Cistern"><img alt="An ancient Roman carving of the Medusa, now a spolia in use as a column base in the Basilica Cistern" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Yerebatan_1091.jpg/149px-Yerebatan_1091.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Yerebatan_1091.jpg/225px-Yerebatan_1091.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Yerebatan_1091.jpg/299px-Yerebatan_1091.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1064" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An ancient Roman carving of the Medusa, now a <a href="/wiki/Spolia" title="Spolia">spolia</a> in use as a column base in the <a href="/wiki/Basilica_Cistern" title="Basilica Cistern">Basilica Cistern</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 202px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sousse_mosaic_Gorgon_03.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Medusa's head central to a mosaic floor in a tepidarium of the Roman era. Museum of Sousse, Tunisia"><img alt="The Medusa's head central to a mosaic floor in a tepidarium of the Roman era. Museum of Sousse, Tunisia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Sousse_mosaic_Gorgon_03.JPG/300px-Sousse_mosaic_Gorgon_03.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Sousse_mosaic_Gorgon_03.JPG/451px-Sousse_mosaic_Gorgon_03.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Sousse_mosaic_Gorgon_03.JPG/600px-Sousse_mosaic_Gorgon_03.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Medusa's head central to a mosaic floor in a <a href="/wiki/Tepidarium" title="Tepidarium">tepidarium</a> of the Roman era. Museum of Sousse, Tunisia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 209.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 207.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aplique_con_Gorgona_Medusa.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aplique with the shape of Medusa discovered in Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa"><img alt="Aplique with the shape of Medusa discovered in Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Aplique_con_Gorgona_Medusa.jpg/311px-Aplique_con_Gorgona_Medusa.jpg" decoding="async" width="208" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Aplique_con_Gorgona_Medusa.jpg/467px-Aplique_con_Gorgona_Medusa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Aplique_con_Gorgona_Medusa.jpg/622px-Aplique_con_Gorgona_Medusa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2894" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Aplique with the shape of Medusa discovered in <a href="/wiki/Ulpia_Traiana_Sarmizegetusa" title="Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa">Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 150px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 148px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Glittica_romana,_medusa,_sardonice,_II-III_sec_dc..JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A Roman cameo of the 2nd or 3rd century"><img alt="A Roman cameo of the 2nd or 3rd century" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Glittica_romana%2C_medusa%2C_sardonice%2C_II-III_sec_dc..JPG/250px-Glittica_romana%2C_medusa%2C_sardonice%2C_II-III_sec_dc..JPG" decoding="async" width="148" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Glittica_romana%2C_medusa%2C_sardonice%2C_II-III_sec_dc..JPG/500px-Glittica_romana%2C_medusa%2C_sardonice%2C_II-III_sec_dc..JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="1225" data-file-height="1239" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Roman cameo of the 2nd or 3rd century</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 161.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 159.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roof_ornament_with_Medusa%27s_head._Etruscan,_from_Italy,_6th_century_BCE._National_Museum_of_Scotland,_Edinburgh.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Roof ornament with Medusa's head. Etruscan, from Italy, 6th century BC. National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh"><img alt="Roof ornament with Medusa's head. Etruscan, from Italy, 6th century BC. National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Roof_ornament_with_Medusa%27s_head._Etruscan%2C_from_Italy%2C_6th_century_BCE._National_Museum_of_Scotland%2C_Edinburgh.jpg/239px-Roof_ornament_with_Medusa%27s_head._Etruscan%2C_from_Italy%2C_6th_century_BCE._National_Museum_of_Scotland%2C_Edinburgh.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Roof_ornament_with_Medusa%27s_head._Etruscan%2C_from_Italy%2C_6th_century_BCE._National_Museum_of_Scotland%2C_Edinburgh.jpg/359px-Roof_ornament_with_Medusa%27s_head._Etruscan%2C_from_Italy%2C_6th_century_BCE._National_Museum_of_Scotland%2C_Edinburgh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Roof_ornament_with_Medusa%27s_head._Etruscan%2C_from_Italy%2C_6th_century_BCE._National_Museum_of_Scotland%2C_Edinburgh.jpg/478px-Roof_ornament_with_Medusa%27s_head._Etruscan%2C_from_Italy%2C_6th_century_BCE._National_Museum_of_Scotland%2C_Edinburgh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2587" data-file-height="2438" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Roof ornament with Medusa's head. Etruscan, from Italy, 6th century BC. National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_interpretations">Modern interpretations</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical">Historical</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Head_of_Medusa_by_Godfried_Maes,_1680.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Head_of_Medusa_by_Godfried_Maes%2C_1680.jpg/220px-Head_of_Medusa_by_Godfried_Maes%2C_1680.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Head_of_Medusa_by_Godfried_Maes%2C_1680.jpg/330px-Head_of_Medusa_by_Godfried_Maes%2C_1680.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Head_of_Medusa_by_Godfried_Maes%2C_1680.jpg/440px-Head_of_Medusa_by_Godfried_Maes%2C_1680.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2223" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Head_of_Medusa" class="mw-redirect" title="Head of Medusa">Head of Medusa</a> by <a href="/wiki/Godfried_Maes" title="Godfried Maes">Godfried Maes</a>, 1680</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Several early classics scholars interpreted the myth of Medusa as a quasi-historical – "based on or reconstructed from an event, custom, style, etc., in the past",<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or "sublimated" memory of an actual invasion.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Harrison_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harrison-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Campbell" title="Joseph Campbell">Joseph Campbell</a>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The legend of Perseus beheading Medusa means, specifically, that "the Hellenes overran the goddess's chief shrines" and "stripped her priestesses of their Gorgon masks", the latter being apotropaic faces worn to frighten away the profane. That is to say, there occurred in the early thirteenth century B.C. an actual historic rupture, a sort of sociological trauma, which has been registered in this myth, much as what Freud terms the latent content of a neurosis is registered in the manifest content of a dream: registered yet hidden, registered in the unconscious yet unknown or misconstrued by the conscious mind.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Psychoanalysis">Psychoanalysis</h3></div> <p>In 1940, <a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a>'s "Das Medusenhaupt (<a href="/wiki/Medusa%27s_Head" title="Medusa's Head">Medusa's Head</a>)" was published posthumously. In Freud's interpretation: "To decapitate = to castrate. The terror of Medusa is thus a terror of castration that is linked to the sight of something. Numerous analyses have made us familiar with the occasion for this: it occurs when a boy, who has hitherto been unwilling to believe the threat of castration, catches sight of the female genitals, probably those of an adult, surrounded by hair, and essentially those of his mother."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this perspective the "ravishingly beautiful" Medusa (see above) is the mother remembered in innocence; before the mythic truth of castration dawns on the subject. Classic Medusa, in contrast, is an Oedipal/libidinous symptom. Looking at the forbidden mother (in her hair-covered genitals, so to speak) stiffens the subject in illicit desire and freezes him in terror of the Father's retribution. There are no recorded instances of Medusa turning a woman to stone. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Archetypal_literary_criticism" title="Archetypal literary criticism">Archetypal literary criticism</a> continues to find <a href="/wiki/Psychoanalysts" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychoanalysts">psychoanalysis</a> useful. Beth Seelig chooses to interpret Medusa's punishment as resulting from rape rather than the common interpretation of having willingly consented in Athena's temple, as an outcome of the goddess' unresolved conflicts with her own father <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Feminism">Feminism</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Medusa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Medusa.jpg/220px-Medusa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Medusa.jpg/330px-Medusa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Medusa.jpg/440px-Medusa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="698" /></a><figcaption><i>Medusa</i> by <a href="/wiki/Arnold_B%C3%B6cklin" title="Arnold Böcklin">Arnold Böcklin</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1878</span></figcaption></figure> <p>In the 20th century, <a href="/wiki/Feminists" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminists">feminists</a> reassessed Medusa's appearances in literature and in modern culture, including the use of Medusa as a logo by fashion company <a href="/wiki/Gianni_Versace_S.p.A." class="mw-redirect" title="Gianni Versace S.p.A.">Versace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarberVickers20037_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarberVickers20037-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name "Medusa" itself is often used in ways not directly connected to the mythological figure but to suggest the gorgon's abilities or to <a href="/wiki/Connotation" title="Connotation">connote</a> malevolence; despite her claimed origins as a beauty, the name in common usage "came to mean monster."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarberVickers20031_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarberVickers20031-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The book <i>Female Rage: Unlocking Its Secrets, Claiming Its Power</i> by Mary Valentis and Anne Devane notes that "When we asked women what female rage looks like to them, it was always Medusa, the snaky-haired monster of myth, who came to mind ... In one interview after another we were told that Medusa is 'the most horrific woman in the world' ... [though] none of the women we interviewed could remember the details of the myth."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilk2000217–218_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilk2000217–218-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Medusa's visage has since been adopted by many women as a symbol of female rage; one of the first publications to express this idea was a feminist journal called <i>Women: A Journal of Liberation</i> in their issue one, volume six for 1978. The cover featured the image of the Gorgon Medusa by Froggi Lupton, which the editors on the inside cover explained "can be a map to guide us through our terrors, through the depths of our anger into the sources of our power as women."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilk2000217–218_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilk2000217–218-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In issue three, Fall 1986 for the magazine <i>Woman of Power</i> an article called <i>Gorgons: A Face for Contemporary Women's Rage,</i> appeared, written by Emily Erwin Culpepper, who wrote that "The Amazon Gorgon face is female fury personified. The Gorgon/Medusa image has been rapidly adopted by large numbers of feminists who recognize her as one face of our own rage."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilk2000217–218_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilk2000217–218-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Griselda_Pollock" title="Griselda Pollock">Griselda Pollock</a> analyses the passage from horrorism to compassion in the figure of the Medusa through <a href="/wiki/Adriana_Cavarero" title="Adriana Cavarero">Adriana Cavarero</a>'s philosophy and <a href="/wiki/Bracha_Ettinger" class="mw-redirect" title="Bracha Ettinger">Bracha Ettinger</a>'s art and Matrixial theory.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Elana_Dykewomon" title="Elana Dykewomon">Elana Dykewomon</a>'s 1976 collection of lesbian stories and poems, <i>They Will Know Me by My Teeth</i>, features a drawing of a Gorgon on its cover. Its purpose was to act as a guardian for female power, keeping the book solely in the hands of women. Stephen Wilk, author of <i>Medusa: Solving the Mystery of the Gorgon</i>, questioned Medusa's enduring status among the feminist movement. He believes that one reason for her longevity may be her role as a protector, fearsome and enraged. "Only the Gorgon has the savage, threatening appearance to serve as an immediately recognized symbol of rage and a protector of women's secrets," wrote Wilk.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilk2000219_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilk2000219-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Even in contemporary pop culture, Medusa has become largely synonymous with feminine rage. Through many of her iterations, Medusa pushes back against a story that seeks to place the male, Perseus, at its center, blameless and heroic. Author Sibylle Baumbach described Medusa as a "multimodal image of intoxication, petrifaction, and luring attractiveness", citing her seductive contemporary representation, as well as her dimensionality, as the reason for her longevity.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Elizabeth Johnston's November 2016 Atlantic essay called Medusa the original 'Nasty Woman.' Johnston goes on to say that as Medusa has been repeatedly compared to <a href="/wiki/Hillary_Clinton" title="Hillary Clinton">Hillary Clinton</a> during the 2016 presidential election, she proves her merit as an icon, finding relevance even in modern politics. "Medusa has since haunted Western imagination, materializing whenever male authority feels threatened by female agency," writes Johnston.<sup id="cite_ref-r1_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r1-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beyond that, Medusa's story is, Johnston argues, a rape narrative. A story of <a href="/wiki/Victim_blaming" title="Victim blaming">victim blaming</a>, one that she says sounds all too familiar in a current American context. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Medusa is widely known as a monstrous creature with snakes in her hair whose gaze turns men to stone. Through the lens of theology, film, art, and feminist literature, my students and I map how her meaning has shifted over time and across cultures. In so doing, we unravel a familiar narrative thread: In Western culture, strong women have historically been imagined as threats requiring male conquest and control, and Medusa herself has long been the go-to figure for those seeking to demonize female authority. </p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Elizabeth Johnston<sup id="cite_ref-r1_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r1-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Me(dusa)too,_oil_on_canvas,_Judy_Tak%C3%A1cs,_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Me%28dusa%29too%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_Judy_Tak%C3%A1cs%2C_2018.jpg/220px-Me%28dusa%29too%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_Judy_Tak%C3%A1cs%2C_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="351" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Me%28dusa%29too%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_Judy_Tak%C3%A1cs%2C_2018.jpg/330px-Me%28dusa%29too%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_Judy_Tak%C3%A1cs%2C_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Me%28dusa%29too%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_Judy_Tak%C3%A1cs%2C_2018.jpg/440px-Me%28dusa%29too%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_Judy_Tak%C3%A1cs%2C_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="956" /></a><figcaption><i>#Me(dusa)too…Two</i> by <a href="/wiki/Judy_Tak%C3%A1cs" title="Judy Takács">Judy Takács</a>, 2018</figcaption></figure> <p>The Medusa story has also been interpreted in contemporary art as a classic case of rape-victim blaming, by the goddess Athena. Inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Me_Too_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Me Too movement">#metoo movement</a>, contemporary figurative artist <a href="/wiki/Judy_Tak%C3%A1cs" title="Judy Takács">Judy Takács</a> returns Medusa's beauty along with a hashtag stigmata in her portrait, #Me(dusa)too.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Feminist theorist <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_Cixous" title="Hélène Cixous">Hélène Cixous</a> famously tackled the myth in her essay "The Laugh of the Medusa." She argues that men's retelling of the narrative turned Medusa into a monster because they feared female desire. "The Laugh of the Medusa" is largely a call to arms, urging women to reclaim their identity through writing as she rejects the patriarchal society of Western culture. Cixous calls writing "an act which will not only 'realize' the decensored relation of woman to her sexuality, to her womanly being, giving her access to her native strength; it will give her back her goods, her pleasures, her organs, her immense bodily territories which have been kept under seal." She claims "we must kill the false woman who is preventing the live one from breathing. Inscribe the breath of the whole woman."<sup id="cite_ref-r2_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r2-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cixous wants to destroy the <a href="/wiki/Phallogocentrism" title="Phallogocentrism">phallogocentric</a> system, and to empower women's bodies and language.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "You only have to look at the Medusa straight on to see her," writes Cixous. "And she's not deadly. She's beautiful and she's laughing."<sup id="cite_ref-r2_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r2-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nihilism">Nihilism</h3></div> <p>Medusa has sometimes appeared as representing notions of <a href="/wiki/Scientific_determinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific determinism">scientific determinism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nihilism" title="Nihilism">nihilism</a>, especially in contrast with <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">romantic idealism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Myth_and_Literary_History_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Myth_and_Literary_History-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Petersen_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Petersen-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this interpretation of Medusa, attempts to avoid looking into her eyes represent avoiding the ostensibly depressing reality that the universe is meaningless. <a href="/wiki/Jack_London" title="Jack London">Jack London</a> uses Medusa in this way in his novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Mutiny_of_the_Elsinore_(novel)" title="The Mutiny of the Elsinore (novel)">The Mutiny of the Elsinore</a></i>:<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712" /><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I cannot help remembering a remark of <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_De_Casseres" title="Benjamin De Casseres">De Casseres</a>. It was over the wine in Mouquin's. Said he: "The profoundest instinct in man is to war against the truth; that is, against the Real. He shuns facts from his infancy. His life is a perpetual evasion. Miracle, chimera and to-morrow keep him alive. He lives on fiction and myth. It is the Lie that makes him free. Animals alone are given the privilege of lifting the <a href="/wiki/Veil_of_Isis" title="Veil of Isis">veil of Isis</a>; men dare not. The animal, awake, has no fictional escape from the Real because he has no imagination. Man, awake, is compelled to seek a perpetual escape into Hope, Belief, Fable, Art, God, Socialism, Immortality, Alcohol, Love. From Medusa-Truth he makes an appeal to <a href="/wiki/Maya_(illusion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maya (illusion)">Maya-Lie</a>." </p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Jack_London" title="Jack London">Jack London</a>, <i>The Mutiny of the Elsinore</i></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Art">Art</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_Medusa_and_Gorgons" title="Cultural depictions of Medusa and Gorgons">Cultural depictions of Medusa and Gorgons</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vincenzo_gemito,_medusa,_1911_02.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Vincenzo_gemito%2C_medusa%2C_1911_02.JPG/220px-Vincenzo_gemito%2C_medusa%2C_1911_02.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Vincenzo_gemito%2C_medusa%2C_1911_02.JPG/330px-Vincenzo_gemito%2C_medusa%2C_1911_02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Vincenzo_gemito%2C_medusa%2C_1911_02.JPG/440px-Vincenzo_gemito%2C_medusa%2C_1911_02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1686" data-file-height="1620" /></a><figcaption>An embossed plaque in the <a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> style from 1911</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Perseus_(Benvenuto_Cellini)_2013_February.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Perseus_%28Benvenuto_Cellini%29_2013_February.jpg/250px-Perseus_%28Benvenuto_Cellini%29_2013_February.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Perseus_%28Benvenuto_Cellini%29_2013_February.jpg/330px-Perseus_%28Benvenuto_Cellini%29_2013_February.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Perseus_%28Benvenuto_Cellini%29_2013_February.jpg/500px-Perseus_%28Benvenuto_Cellini%29_2013_February.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1707" data-file-height="2560" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Perseus_with_the_Head_of_Medusa" title="Perseus with the Head of Medusa">Perseus with the Head of Medusa</a></i> (1554), <a href="/wiki/Benvenuto_Cellini" title="Benvenuto Cellini">Benvenuto Cellini</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Medusa_by_Carvaggio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Medusa_by_Carvaggio.jpg/220px-Medusa_by_Carvaggio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Medusa_by_Carvaggio.jpg/330px-Medusa_by_Carvaggio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Medusa_by_Carvaggio.jpg/440px-Medusa_by_Carvaggio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="935" data-file-height="955" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Medusa_(Caravaggio)" title="Medusa (Caravaggio)">Medusa</a></i> (c. 1597), by <a href="/wiki/Caravaggio" title="Caravaggio">Caravaggio</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Medusa has been depicted in several works of art, including: </p> <ul><li><i>Perseus beheading the sleeping Medusa</i>, obverse of a terracotta pelike (jar) attributed to <a href="/wiki/Polygnotos_(vase_painter)" title="Polygnotos (vase painter)">Polygnotos (vase painter)</a> (c. 450–440 BC), collection of the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a></li> <li>Medusa on the breastplate of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>, as depicted in the <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Mosaic" title="Alexander Mosaic">Alexander Mosaic</a> from <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a>'s <a href="/wiki/House_of_the_Faun" title="House of the Faun">House of the Faun</a> (c. 200 BC)</li> <li>Medusa column bases of <a href="/wiki/Basilica_Cistern" title="Basilica Cistern">Basilica Cistern</a> in Constantinople.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Rondanini_Medusa_Glyptothek_Munich_252_n1.jpg" title="File:Rondanini Medusa Glyptothek Munich 252 n1.jpg">The "Rondanini Medusa"</a>, a Roman copy of the <i><a href="/wiki/Gorgoneion" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorgoneion">Gorgoneion</a></i> on the <a href="/wiki/Aegis" title="Aegis">aegis</a> of <a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a>; later used as a model for the Gorgon's head in <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Canova" title="Antonio Canova">Antonio Canova</a>'s marble <i>Perseus with the Head of Medusa</i> (1798–1801)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medusa_(Leonardo_da_Vinci)" class="mw-redirect" title="Medusa (Leonardo da Vinci)"><i>Medusa</i></a> (oil on canvas) by <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:PerseusSignoriaStatue.jpg" title="File:PerseusSignoriaStatue.jpg"><i>Perseus with the Head of Medusa</i></a> (bronze sculpture) by <a href="/wiki/Benvenuto_Cellini" title="Benvenuto Cellini">Benvenuto Cellini</a> (1554)</li> <li><i>Perseus and Medusa</i> – bronze statue by <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Gerhard" title="Hubert Gerhard">Hubert Gerhard</a> (c. 1590)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medusa_(Caravaggio)" title="Medusa (Caravaggio)"><i>Medusa</i></a> (oil on canvas) by <a href="/wiki/Caravaggio" title="Caravaggio">Caravaggio</a> (1597)</li> <li><i>Head of Medusa</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Paul_Rubens" title="Peter Paul Rubens">Peter Paul Rubens</a> (1618)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medusa_(Bernini)" title="Medusa (Bernini)"><i>Medusa</i></a> (marble bust) by <a href="/wiki/Gianlorenzo_Bernini" class="mw-redirect" title="Gianlorenzo Bernini">Gianlorenzo Bernini</a> (1630s)</li> <li>Medusa is played by a <a href="/wiki/Countertenor" title="Countertenor">countertenor</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lully" title="Jean-Baptiste Lully">Jean-Baptiste Lully</a> and <a href="/wiki/Philippe_Quinault" title="Philippe Quinault">Philippe Quinault</a>'s opera, <i><a href="/wiki/Pers%C3%A9e_(Lully)" title="Persée (Lully)">Persée</a></i> (1682). She sings the aria "J'ay perdu la beauté qui me rendit si vaine" ("I have lost the beauty that made me so vain").</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Perseus_Turning_Phineus_and_his_followers_to_Stone.jpg" title="File:Perseus Turning Phineus and his followers to Stone.jpg"><i>Perseus Turning Phineus and his Followers to Stone</i></a> (oil on canvas) by <a href="/wiki/Luca_Giordano" title="Luca Giordano">Luca Giordano</a> (early 1680s).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Persus-with-the-head-of-med.jpg" title="File:Persus-with-the-head-of-med.jpg"><i>Perseus with the Head of Medusa</i></a> (marble sculpture) by <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Canova" title="Antonio Canova">Antonio Canova</a> (1801)</li> <li><i>Medusa</i> (1854), marble sculpture by <a href="/wiki/Harriet_Hosmer" title="Harriet Hosmer">Harriet Hosmer</a>, collection of the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Institute_of_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit Institute of Art">Detroit Institute of Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Medusa.jpg" title="File:Medusa.jpg"><i>Medusa</i></a> (oil on canvas) by <a href="/wiki/Arnold_B%C3%B6cklin" title="Arnold Böcklin">Arnold Böcklin</a> (c. 1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Dal%C3%AD.Perseo.JPG" title="File:Dalí.Perseo.JPG"><i>Perseus</i></a> (bronze sculpture) by <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD" title="Salvador Dalí">Salvador Dalí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medusa_with_the_Head_of_Perseus" title="Medusa with the Head of Perseus">Medusa sculpture by Luciano Garbati</a>, which portrays her clutching the severed head of Perseus (2008)<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Medusa remained a common theme in art in the nineteenth century, when her myth was retold in <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bulfinch" title="Thomas Bulfinch">Thomas Bulfinch</a>'s <i>Mythology</i>. <a href="/wiki/Edward_Burne-Jones" title="Edward Burne-Jones">Edward Burne-Jones</a>' <a href="/wiki/List_of_paintings_by_Edward_Burne-Jones#The_Perseus_Cycle_(1875-90s)" title="List of paintings by Edward Burne-Jones">Perseus Cycle</a> of paintings and a drawing by <a href="/wiki/Aubrey_Beardsley" title="Aubrey Beardsley">Aubrey Beardsley</a> gave way to the twentieth-century works of <a href="/wiki/Paul_Klee" title="Paul Klee">Paul Klee</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Singer_Sargent" title="John Singer Sargent">John Singer Sargent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_et_Gilles" title="Pierre et Gilles">Pierre et Gilles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Rodin" title="Auguste Rodin">Auguste Rodin</a>'s bronze sculpture <i><a href="/wiki/File:Z%C3%BCrich_-_Kunsthaus_-_Rodin%27s_H%C3%B6llentor_IMG_7384_ShiftN.jpg" title="File:Zürich - Kunsthaus - Rodin's Höllentor IMG 7384 ShiftN.jpg">The Gates of Hell</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilk2000200_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilk2000200-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flags_and_emblems">Flags and emblems</h3></div> <p>The head of Medusa is featured on some regional symbols. One example is that of the flag and emblem of <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>, together with the three-legged <i><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Sicily" title="Flag of Sicily">trinacria</a></i>. The inclusion of Medusa in the center implies the protection of the goddess <a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a>, who wore the Gorgon's likeness on her <a href="/wiki/Aegis" title="Aegis">aegis</a>, as said above. Another example is the coat of arms of <a href="/wiki/Dohalice" title="Dohalice">Dohalice</a> village in the <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dohalice_CoA_CZ.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Municipal coat of arms of Dohalice village, Hradec Králové District, Czech Republic"><img alt="Municipal coat of arms of Dohalice village, Hradec Králové District, Czech Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Dohalice_CoA_CZ.gif/98px-Dohalice_CoA_CZ.gif" decoding="async" width="98" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Dohalice_CoA_CZ.gif/146px-Dohalice_CoA_CZ.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Dohalice_CoA_CZ.gif/195px-Dohalice_CoA_CZ.gif 2x" data-file-width="488" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Municipal coat of arms of <a href="/wiki/Dohalice" title="Dohalice">Dohalice</a> village, <a href="/wiki/Hradec_Kr%C3%A1lov%C3%A9" title="Hradec Králové">Hradec Králové</a> District, <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Sicily.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Sicily"><img alt="Flag of Sicily" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Sicily.svg/120px-Flag_of_Sicily.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Sicily.svg/180px-Flag_of_Sicily.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Sicily.svg/240px-Flag_of_Sicily.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="530" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Sicily" title="Flag of Sicily">Flag of Sicily</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ceinturon_d%27uniforme,_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ceremonial French military uniform belt of World War I"><img alt="Ceremonial French military uniform belt of World War I" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Ceinturon_d%27uniforme%2C_1.jpg/120px-Ceinturon_d%27uniforme%2C_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Ceinturon_d%27uniforme%2C_1.jpg/250px-Ceinturon_d%27uniforme%2C_1.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="5248" data-file-height="2670" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ceremonial French military uniform belt of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Epouvantail_pour_les_ennemis_de_la_France_Fleisch.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Medusa image in a historical caricature of the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution"><img alt="Medusa image in a historical caricature of the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Epouvantail_pour_les_ennemis_de_la_France_Fleisch.jpg/120px-Epouvantail_pour_les_ennemis_de_la_France_Fleisch.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Epouvantail_pour_les_ennemis_de_la_France_Fleisch.jpg/180px-Epouvantail_pour_les_ennemis_de_la_France_Fleisch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Epouvantail_pour_les_ennemis_de_la_France_Fleisch.jpg/240px-Epouvantail_pour_les_ennemis_de_la_France_Fleisch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Medusa image in a historical caricature of the <a href="/wiki/Reign_of_Terror" title="Reign of Terror">Reign of Terror</a> during the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Science">Science</h2></div> <p>Medusa is honored in the following <a href="/wiki/International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature" title="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature">scientific names</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acanthemblemaria_medusa" title="Acanthemblemaria medusa">Acanthemblemaria medusa</a></i> <small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smith-Vaniz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Smith-Vaniz (page does not exist)">Smith-Vaniz</a> & <a href="/wiki/Palacio" title="Palacio">Palacio</a> 1974</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apodochondria_medusae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apodochondria medusae (page does not exist)">Apodochondria medusae</a></i> <small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ju_Shey_Ho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ju Shey Ho (page does not exist)">Ho</a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dojiri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dojiri (page does not exist)">Dojiri</a> 1988</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archimonocelis_medusa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archimonocelis medusa (page does not exist)">Archimonocelis medusa</a></i> <small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curini-Galletti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Curini-Galletti (page does not exist)">Curini-Galletti</a> & <a href="/wiki/Cannon_(surname)" title="Cannon (surname)">Cannon</a> 1997</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atractus" title="Atractus">Atractus medusa</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Paulo_Passos" title="Paulo Passos">Passos</a> et al. 2009</small><sup id="cite_ref-Beolens_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beolens-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Australomedusa" title="Australomedusa">Australomedusa</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Stratten_Russell" title="Frederick Stratten Russell">Russell</a> 1970</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boeromedusa" title="Boeromedusa">Boeromedusa</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Jean_Bouillon" title="Jean Bouillon">Bouillon</a> 1995</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bothrops_medusa" title="Bothrops medusa">Bothrops medusa</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Richard_Sternfeld" title="Richard Sternfeld">Sternfeld</a> 1920</small><sup id="cite_ref-Beolens_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beolens-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cardiodectes_medusaeus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiodectes medusaeus">Cardiodectes medusaeus</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Charles_Branch_Wilson" title="Charles Branch Wilson">Wilson C.B.</a> 1908</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chama_oomedusae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chama oomedusae (page does not exist)">Chama oomedusae</a></i> <small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matsukuma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matsukuma (page does not exist)">Matsukuma</a> 1996</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cirratulus_medusa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cirratulus medusa (page does not exist)">Cirratulus medusa</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Johnston_(surname)#People_with_the_surname_Johnston" title="Johnston (surname)">Johnston</a> 1833</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronamedusae" title="Coronamedusae">Coronamedusae</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Csiromedusa" title="Csiromedusa">Csiromedusa</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Lisa-ann_Gershwin" title="Lisa-ann Gershwin">Gershwin</a> & <a href="/wiki/Zeidler" title="Zeidler">Zeidler</a> 2010</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Csiromedusa_medeopolis" class="mw-redirect" title="Csiromedusa medeopolis">Csiromedusa medeopolis</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Lisa-ann_Gershwin" title="Lisa-ann Gershwin">Gershwin</a> & <a href="/wiki/Zeidler" title="Zeidler">Zeidler</a> 2010</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discomedusa_lobata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discomedusa lobata (page does not exist)">Discomedusa lobata</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Wilhelm_Claus" title="Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Claus">Claus</a> 1877</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discomedusae" title="Discomedusae">Discomedusae</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eustomias_medusa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eustomias medusa (page does not exist)">Eustomias medusa</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Robert_Henry_Gibbs" title="Robert Henry Gibbs">Gibbs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clarke#People_with_the_surname" title="Clarke">Clarke</a> & Gomon 1983</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gorgonocephalus_caputmedusae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gorgonocephalus caputmedusae (page does not exist)">Gorgonocephalus caputmedusae</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus" title="Carl Linnaeus">L.</a> 1758</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gyrocotyle_medusarum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gyrocotyle medusarum (page does not exist)">Gyrocotyle medusarum</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Otto_Friedrich_Bernhard_von_Linstow" title="Otto Friedrich Bernhard von Linstow">von Linstow</a> 1903 (<a href="/wiki/Species_inquirenda" title="Species inquirenda">taxon inquirendum</a>)</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Halimedusa" title="Halimedusa">Halimedusa</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bryant_Bigelow" title="Henry Bryant Bigelow">Bigelow</a> 1916</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Halimedusa_typus" class="mw-redirect" title="Halimedusa typus">Halimedusa typus</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Henry_Bryant_Bigelow" title="Henry Bryant Bigelow">Bigelow</a> 1916</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heteronema_medusae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heteronema medusae (page does not exist)">Heteronema medusae</a></i> <small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skvortzov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skvortzov (page does not exist)">Skvortzov</a> 1957</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hoplopleon_medusarum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hoplopleon medusarum (page does not exist)">Hoplopleon medusarum</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Keppel_Harcourt_Barnard" title="Keppel Harcourt Barnard">K.H. Barnard</a> 1932</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hyperia_medusarum" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperia medusarum">Hyperia medusarum</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Philipp_Ludwig_Statius_M%C3%BCller" title="Philipp Ludwig Statius Müller">Müller</a> 1776</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyperoche_medusarum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hyperoche medusarum (page does not exist)">Hyperoche medusarum</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Henrik_Nikolai_Kr%C3%B8yer" title="Henrik Nikolai Krøyer">Krøyer</a> 1838</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leptogorgia_medusa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leptogorgia medusa (page does not exist)">Leptogorgia medusa</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Bayer" title="Frederick Bayer">Bayer</a> 1952</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lilyopsis_medusa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lilyopsis medusa (page does not exist)">Lilyopsis medusa</a></i> <small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metschnikoff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metschnikoff (page does not exist)">Metschnikoff</a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metschnikoff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metschnikoff (page does not exist)">Metschnikoff</a> 1871</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limnomedusae" title="Limnomedusae">Limnomedusae</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Loimia_medusa" title="Loimia medusa">Loimia medusa</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Marie_Jules_C%C3%A9sar_Savigny" title="Marie Jules César Savigny">Savigny</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Lamarck" title="Jean-Baptiste Lamarck">Lamarck</a> 1818</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Loimia_medusa_angustescutata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loimia medusa angustescutata (page does not exist)">Loimia medusa angustescutata</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Willey" title="Arthur Willey">Willey</a> 1905</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lulworthia_medusa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lulworthia medusa (page does not exist)">Lulworthia medusa</a></i> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Max_Mapes_Ellis" title="Max Mapes Ellis">Ellis</a> & <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Matlack_Everhart" title="Benjamin Matlack Everhart">Everh.</a>) <a href="/wiki/Cribb_(surname)" title="Cribb (surname)">Cribb</a> & <a href="/wiki/Joan_Cribb" title="Joan Cribb">J.W. Cribb</a> 1955</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lulworthia_medusa_var._biscaynia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lulworthia medusa var. biscaynia (page does not exist)">Lulworthia medusa var. biscaynia</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Meyers" title="Meyers">Meyers</a> 1957</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lulworthia_medusa_var._medusa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lulworthia medusa var. medusa (page does not exist)">Lulworthia medusa var. medusa</a></i> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Max_Mapes_Ellis" title="Max Mapes Ellis">Ellis</a> & <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Matlack_Everhart" title="Benjamin Matlack Everhart">Everh.</a>) <a href="/wiki/Cribb_(surname)" title="Cribb (surname)">Cribb</a> & <a href="/wiki/Joan_Cribb" title="Joan Cribb">J.W. Cribb</a> 1955</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magnippe_caputmedusae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Magnippe caputmedusae (page does not exist)">Magnippe caputmedusae</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Stock_(surname)#People" title="Stock (surname)">Stock</a> 1978</small></li> <li><i>Medusa</i> <small><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_de_Loureiro" title="João de Loureiro">Loureiro</a> 1790</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Medusablennius" title="Medusablennius">Medusablennius</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Victor_G._Springer" title="Victor G. Springer">Springer</a> 1966</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Medusaceratops" title="Medusaceratops">Medusaceratops</a></i> <small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_J._Ryan_(paleontologist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael J. Ryan (paleontologist) (page does not exist)">Ryan</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthony_Russell_(paleontologist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anthony Russell (paleontologist) (page does not exist)">Russell</a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scott_Hartman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scott Hartman (page does not exist)">Hartman</a> 2010</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Medusafissurella" title="Medusafissurella">Medusafissurella</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/James_Hamilton_McLean" title="James Hamilton McLean">McLean</a> & <a href="/wiki/Richard_Kilburn" title="Richard Kilburn">Kilburn</a> 1986</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Medusafissurella_chemnitzii" title="Medusafissurella chemnitzii">Medusafissurella chemnitzii</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/George_Brettingham_Sowerby_I" title="George Brettingham Sowerby I">G. B. Sowerby I</a> 1835</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Medusafissurella_dubia" title="Medusafissurella dubia">Medusafissurella dubia</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Lovell_Augustus_Reeve" title="Lovell Augustus Reeve">Reeve</a> 1849</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Medusafissurella_melvilli" title="Medusafissurella melvilli">Medusafissurella melvilli</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/George_Brettingham_Sowerby_III" title="George Brettingham Sowerby III">G. B. Sowerby III</a> 1882</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Medusafissurella_salebrosa" title="Medusafissurella salebrosa">Medusafissurella salebrosa</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Philipp_Ludwig_Statius_M%C3%BCller" title="Philipp Ludwig Statius Müller">Reeve</a> 1850</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesacanthoides_caputmedusae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesacanthoides caputmedusae (page does not exist)">Mesacanthoides caputmedusae</a></i> <small>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hjalmar_Ditlevsen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hjalmar Ditlevsen (page does not exist)">Ditlevsen</a> 1918) <a href="/w/index.php?title=W._Wieser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W. Wieser (page does not exist)">Wieser</a> 1959</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Myxaster_medusa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Myxaster medusa (page does not exist)">Myxaster medusa</a></i> <small><a href="/w/index.php?title=W._K._Fisher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="W. K. Fisher (page does not exist)">Fisher</a> 1913</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcomedusae" title="Narcomedusae">Narcomedusae</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ophioplinthus_medusa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ophioplinthus medusa (page does not exist)">Ophioplinthus medusa</a></i> <small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theodore_Lyman_(zoologist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theodore Lyman (zoologist) (page does not exist)">Lyman</a> 1878</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phallomedusa" title="Phallomedusa">Phallomedusa</a></i> <small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosemary_E._Golding&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rosemary E. Golding (page does not exist)">Golding</a>, <a href="/wiki/Winston_Ponder" title="Winston Ponder">Ponder</a> & <a href="/wiki/Maria_Byrne_(malacologist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Byrne (malacologist)">Byrne</a> 2007</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phallomedusa_austrina" title="Phallomedusa austrina">Phallomedusa austrina</a></i> <small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosemary_E._Golding&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rosemary E. Golding (page does not exist)">Golding</a>, <a href="/wiki/Winston_Ponder" title="Winston Ponder">Ponder</a> & <a href="/wiki/Maria_Byrne_(malacologist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Byrne (malacologist)">Byrne</a> 2007</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phallomedusa_solida" title="Phallomedusa solida">Phallomedusa solida</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Eduard_von_Martens" title="Eduard von Martens">Martens</a> 1878</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phascolion_medusae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phascolion medusae (page does not exist)">Phascolion medusae</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Cutler_(surname)#Engineering.2C_science.2C_mathematics_and_medicine" title="Cutler (surname)">Cutler</a> & <a href="/wiki/Cutler_(surname)#Engineering.2C_science.2C_mathematics_and_medicine" title="Cutler (surname)">Cutler</a> 1980</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Philomedusa_(cnidarian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Philomedusa (cnidarian)">Philomedusa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Philomedusa_vogtii" title="Philomedusa vogtii">Philomedusa vogtii</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Philipp_Ludwig_Statius_M%C3%BCller" title="Philipp Ludwig Statius Müller">Müller</a> 1860</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polycirrus_medusa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polycirrus medusa (page does not exist)">Polycirrus medusa</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Adolph_Eduard_Grube" title="Adolph Eduard Grube">Grube</a> 1850</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polycirrus_medusa_sakhalinensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polycirrus medusa sakhalinensis (page does not exist)">Polycirrus medusa sakhalinensis</a></i> <small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Galina_Buzhinskaja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galina Buzhinskaja (page does not exist)">Buzhinskaja</a> 1988</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarcomella_medusa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarcomella medusa (page does not exist)">Sarcomella medusa</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Schmidt_(biologist)" title="Johannes Schmidt (biologist)">Schmidt</a> 1868</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stauromedusae" title="Stauromedusae">Stauromedusae</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stellamedusa" title="Stellamedusa">Stellamedusa</a></i> <small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kevin_Raskoff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kevin Raskoff (page does not exist)">Raskoff</a> & <a href="/wiki/George_Matsumoto" title="George Matsumoto">Matsumoto</a> 2004</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stellamedusa_ventana" class="mw-redirect" title="Stellamedusa ventana">Stellamedusa ventana</a></i> <small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kevin_Raskoff&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kevin Raskoff (page does not exist)">Raskoff</a> & <a href="/wiki/George_Matsumoto" title="George Matsumoto">Matsumoto</a> 2004</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stygiomedusa" title="Stygiomedusa">Stygiomedusa</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Stratten_Russell" title="Frederick Stratten Russell">Russell</a> 1959</small></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stygiomedusa_gigantea" class="mw-redirect" title="Stygiomedusa gigantea">Stygiomedusa gigantea</a></i> <small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_T._Browne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward T. Browne (page does not exist)">Browne</a> 1910</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thylacodes_medusae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thylacodes medusae (page does not exist)">Thylacodes medusae</a></i> <small><a href="/wiki/Henry_Augustus_Pilsbry" title="Henry Augustus Pilsbry">Pilsbry</a> 1891</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trachymedusae" title="Trachymedusae">Trachymedusae</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_Medusa_and_Gorgons" title="Cultural depictions of Medusa and Gorgons">Cultural depictions of Medusa and Gorgons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology_in_popular_culture" title="Greek mythology in popular culture">Greek mythology in popular culture</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Myth_sources">Myth sources</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_myth_sources">Primary myth sources</h3></div> <p>Greek: </p> <ul><li>Hesiod, <i>Theogony</i>, 270 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scaife-cts.perseus.org/api/cts?request=GetPassage&urn=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0020.tlg001.perseus-eng2:270-285">text</a>)</li> <li>Apollodorus, <i>The Library</i>, book II, part iv, no. 2-3 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scaife-cts.perseus.org/api/cts?request=GetPassage&urn=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng2:2.4.2-2.4.3">text</a>)</li> <li>Aeschylus, <i>Prometheus Bound</i>, 790–801 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scaife-cts.perseus.org/api/cts?request=GetPassage&urn=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0085.tlg003.perseus-eng2:780-805">text</a>)</li></ul> <p>Roman: </p> <ul><li>Ovid, <i>Metamorphoses iv. 774–785, 790–801</i> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scaife-cts.perseus.org/api/cts?request=GetPassage&urn=urn:cts:latinLit:phi0959.phi006.perseus-eng3:4.706">text</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mentioned_in">Mentioned in</h3></div> <p>Greek: </p> <ul><li>Homer, <i>The Iliad</i>, Book 5, line 741 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scaife-cts.perseus.org/api/cts?request=GetPassage&urn=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng3:5.711">text</a>); book 8, line 348 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scaife-cts.perseus.org/api/cts?request=GetPassage&urn=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng3:8.335">text</a>); book 11, line 36 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scaife-cts.perseus.org/api/cts?request=GetPassage&urn=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg001.perseus-eng3:11.1">text</a>)</li> <li>Homer, <i>The Odyssey</i>, Book 11, line 635 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scaife-cts.perseus.org/api/cts?request=GetPassage&urn=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0012.tlg002.perseus-eng3:11.601">text</a>)</li> <li>Euripides, <i>Ion</i>, lines 1003–1023 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scaife-cts.perseus.org/api/cts?request=GetPassage&urn=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0006.tlg010.perseus-eng2:1000-1020">text</a>)</li> <li>Apollonius Rhodius, <i>Argonautica</i>, book 4, line 1515 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scaife-cts.perseus.org/api/cts?request=GetPassage&urn=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0001.tlg001.perseus-grc2:4.1513-4.1517">text</a>)</li></ul> <p>Roman: </p> <ul><li>Publius "Virgil" Maro, <i>Aeneid</i> vi.289 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scaife-cts.perseus.org/api/cts?request=GetPassage&urn=urn:cts:latinLit:phi0690.phi003.perseus-eng2:6.282">text</a>)</li> <li>Lucan, <i>The Civil War</i>, book ix.624–684 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scaife-cts.perseus.org/api/cts?request=GetPassage&urn=urn:cts:latinLit:phi0917.phi001.perseus-eng2:9.1">text</a>)</li> <li>Valerisu Flaccus, <i>Argonautica</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115" /><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apotropaic_magic#Apotropaic_symbols" title="Apotropaic magic">Apotropaic symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caput_Medusae_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Caput Medusae (disambiguation)">Caput Medusae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humbaba" title="Humbaba">Humbaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medea" title="Medea">Medea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medusa_complex" title="Medusa complex">Medusa complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81ga" title="Nāga">Nāga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahmaran" title="Shahmaran">Shahmaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodontius" title="Theodontius">Theodontius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiamat" title="Tiamat">Tiamat</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The feminine present participle of <i>medein</i>, "to protect, rule over" (compare <a href="/wiki/Medon_(mythology)" title="Medon (mythology)">Medon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medea" title="Medea">Medea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diomedes" title="Diomedes">Diomedes</a>, <i>etc.</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alternatively, it is from the same root and is formed after the participle.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Gorgṓ</i>, "the grim one". From <i>gorgos</i>, referring to a look or gaze, "grim, fierce, terrible"; later also "vigorous".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/the-american-heritage-dictionary-of-the-english-language-by-editors-of-the-ameri"><i>The American Heritage Dictionary Of The English Language By Editors Of The American Heritage Dictionaries</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+Heritage+Dictionary+Of+The+English+Language+By+Editors+Of+The+American+Heritage+Dictionaries&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthe-american-heritage-dictionary-of-the-english-language-by-editors-of-the-ameri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/OED" class="mw-redirect" title="OED">OED</a></i> 2001 revision, <i>s.v.</i>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3D%2365585"><i>medein</i></a> in <a href="/wiki/LSJ" class="mw-redirect" title="LSJ">LSJ</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarper" class="citation web cs1">Harper, Douglas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etymonline.com/?term=gorgon">"gorgon"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Online Etymology Dictionary">Online Etymology Dictionary</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=gorgon&rft.aulast=Harper&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2F%3Fterm%3Dgorgon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Brill's New Pauly</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/brill-s-new-pauly/gorgo-e426440">s.v. Gorgo</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBullfinch" class="citation web cs1">Bullfinch, Thomas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707075022/http://classiclit.about.com/library/bl-etexts/tbulfinch/bl-tbulfinch-age-15.htm">"Bulfinch Mythology – Age of Fable – Stories of Gods & Heroes"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://classiclit.about.com/library/bl-etexts/tbulfinch/bl-tbulfinch-age-15.htm">the original</a> on 2011-07-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-07</span></span>. <q>...and turning his face away, he held up the Gorgon's head. Atlas, with all his bulk, was changed into stone.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bulfinch+Mythology+%E2%80%93+Age+of+Fable+%E2%80%93+Stories+of+Gods+%26+Heroes&rft.aulast=Bullfinch&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclassiclit.about.com%2Flibrary%2Fbl-etexts%2Ftbulfinch%2Fbl-tbulfinch-age-15.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Theogony" title="Theogony">Theogony</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0020.tlg001.perseus-eng1:270-303">270–7</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1:1.2.6">1.2.6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Hyginus_(Fabulae)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyginus (Fabulae)">Hyginus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Fabulae" title="Fabulae">Fabulae</a></i> Preface <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/206#p.9">9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Aeschylus" title="Aeschylus">Aeschylus</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Prometheus_Bound" title="Prometheus Bound">Prometheus Bound</a></i> 793–799; Edited and Translated by Alan H. Sommerstein. "Persians, Seven Against Thebes, Suppliants, Prometheus Bound", (Loeb Classical Library) Harvard University Press, 2008, p. 531.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Hesiod" title="Hesiod">Hesiod</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Theogony" title="Theogony">Theogony</a></i> 281; Pseudo-Apollodorus, <i><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Bibliotheke</a></i> Book II, part iv, nos. 1–3. "The Library: Books 1–3.9." Translated by J.G. Frazer, (Loeb Classical Library), Harvard University Press, 1921 (reprint), pp. 155–161.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harrison-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Harrison_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harrison_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harrison_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harrison_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEllen_Harrison1991" class="citation book cs1">Ellen Harrison, Jane (June 5, 1991) [1908]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/prolegomenatost01harrgoog"><i>Prolegomena: To The Study Of Greek Religion</i></a>. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/prolegomenatost01harrgoog/page/n169">187</a>–188. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0691015147" title="Special:BookSources/0691015147"><bdi>0691015147</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prolegomena%3A+To+The+Study+Of+Greek+Religion&rft.place=Princeton%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pages=187-188&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1991-06-05&rft.isbn=0691015147&rft.aulast=Ellen+Harrison&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fprolegomenatost01harrgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.perseus.org/citations/urn:cts:latinLit:phi0959.phi006.perseus-eng1:4.604-4.705">4.604–662</a>. <a href="/wiki/Roger_Lancelyn_Green" title="Roger Lancelyn Green">Roger Lancelyn Green</a> suggests in his <i>Tales of the Greek Heroes</i> written for children that Athena used the aegis against Atlas.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(lexicographer)" title="William Smith (lexicographer)">Smith, William</a>; <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Greek_and_Roman_Biography_and_Mythology" title="Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology">Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology</a></i>, London (1873). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DP%3Aentry+group%3D15%3Aentry%3Dperseus-bio-1">"Perseus"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Pythian Ode 12). Noted by Marjorie J. Milne in discussing a <a href="/wiki/Red-figure_pottery" title="Red-figure pottery">red-figured vase</a> in the style of <a href="/wiki/Polygnotos_(vase_painter)" title="Polygnotos (vase painter)">Polygnotos</a>, ca. 450–30 BC, in the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>; Milne noted that "It is one of the earliest illustrations of the story to show the Gorgon not as a hideous monster but as a beautiful woman. Art in this respect lagged behind poetry." (Marjorie J. Milne, "Perseus and Medusa on an Attic Vase" <i>The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin</i> New Series, <b>4</b>.5 (January 1946, pp. 126–130) 126.p.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/ovid-metamorphoses/1916/pb_LCL042.235.xml">4.794–803</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaroglou2018[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid_SZKDwAAQBAJpgPA9_9]-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaroglou2018[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid_SZKDwAAQBAJpgPA9_9]_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaroglou2018[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid_SZKDwAAQBAJpgPA9_9]_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKaroglou2018">Karoglou 2018</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_SZKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA9">9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaroglou2018[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid_SZKDwAAQBAJpgPA10_10]-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaroglou2018[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid_SZKDwAAQBAJpgPA10_10]_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKaroglou2018">Karoglou 2018</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_SZKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA10">10</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaroglou2018[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid_SZKDwAAQBAJpgPA11_11]-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaroglou2018[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid_SZKDwAAQBAJpgPA11_11]_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKaroglou2018">Karoglou 2018</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_SZKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA11">11</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dictionary.com/browse/quasihistorical">"the definition of quasihistorical"</a>. <i>Dictionary.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-05-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dictionary.com&rft.atitle=the+definition+of+quasihistorical&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dictionary.com%2Fbrowse%2Fquasihistorical&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGraves1955" class="citation book cs1">Graves, Robert (1955). <i>The Greek Myths</i>. Penguin Books. pp. 17, 244. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0241952743" title="Special:BookSources/0241952743"><bdi>0241952743</bdi></a>. <q>A large part of Greek myth is politico-religious history. Bellerophon masters winged Pegasus and kills the Chimaera. Perseus, in a variant of the same legend, flies through the air and beheads Pegasus's mother, the Gorgon Medusa; much as Marduk, a Babylonian hero, kills the she-monster Tiamat, Goddess of the Seal. Perseus's name should properly be spelled Perseus, 'the destroyer'; and he was not, as Professor Kerenyi has suggested, an archetypal Death-figure but, probably, represented the patriarchal Hellenes who invaded Greece and Asia Minor early in the second millennium BC, and challenged the power of the Triple-goddess. Pegasus had been sacred to her because the horse with its moon-shaped hooves figured in the rain-making ceremonies and the installment of sacred kings; his wings were symbolical of a celestial nature, rather than speed.<br />Jane Harrison has pointed out (Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion) that Medusa was once the goddess herself, hiding behind a prophylactic Gorgon mask: a hideous face intended to warn the profane against trespassing on her Mysteries. Perseus beheads Medusa: that is, the Hellenes overran the goddess's chief shrines, stripped her priestesses of their Gorgon masks, and took possession of the sacred horses—an early representation of the goddess with a Gorgon's head and a mare's body has been found in Boeotia. Bellerophon, Perseus's double, kills the Lycian Chimaera: that is, the Hellenes annulled the ancient Medusan calendar, and replaced it with another.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Greek+Myths&rft.pages=17%2C+244&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=1955&rft.isbn=0241952743&rft.aulast=Graves&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCampbell1968" class="citation book cs1">Campbell, Joseph (1968). <i>The Masks of God, Vol. 3: Occidental Mythology</i>. London: Penguin Books. pp. <span class="nowrap">152–</span>153. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0140194418" title="Special:BookSources/978-0140194418"><bdi>978-0140194418</bdi></a>. <q>We have already spoken of Medusa and of the powers of her blood to render both life and death. We may now think of the legend of her slayer, Perseus, by whom her head was removed and presented to Athene. Professor Hainmond assigns the historical King Perseus of Mycenae to a date c. 1290 B.C., as the founder of a dynasty; and Robert Graves–whose two volumes on <i>The Greek Myths</i> are particularly noteworthy for their suggestive historical applications–proposes that the legend of Perseus beheading Medusa means, specifically, that 'the Hellenes overran the goddess's chief shrines' and 'stripped her priestesses of their Gorgon masks', the latter being apotropaic faces worn to frighten away the profane. That is to say, there occurred in the early thirteenth century B.C. an actual historic rupture, a sort of sociological trauma, which has been registered in this myth, much as what Freud terms the latent content of a neurosis is registered in the manifest content of a dream: registered yet hidden, registered in the unconscious yet unknown or misconstrued by the conscious mind. And in every such screening myth–in every such mythology {that of the Bible being, as we have just seen, another of the kind}–there enters in an essential duplicity, the consequences of which cannot be disregarded or suppressed.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Masks+of+God%2C+Vol.+3%3A+Occidental+Mythology.&rft.place=London&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E152-%3C%2Fspan%3E153&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=1968&rft.isbn=978-0140194418&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Freud, Sigmund (Summer 2017). "Medusa's Head". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Standard_Edition_of_the_Complete_Psychological_Works_of_Sigmund_Freud" title="The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud">The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud</a></i>. The Hogarth Press. Vol. XVIII, p. 273</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSeelig,_B._J.2002" class="citation journal cs1">Seelig, B. J. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pep-web.org/document.php?id=ijp.083.0895a">"The Rape of Medusa in the Temple of Athena: Aspects of Triangulation"</a>. <i>International Journal of Psycho-Analysis</i>. <b>83</b>: <span class="nowrap">895–</span>911. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1516%2F3NLL-UG13-TP2J-927M">10.1516/3NLL-UG13-TP2J-927M</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:28961886">28961886</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Psycho-Analysis&rft.atitle=The+Rape+of+Medusa+in+the+Temple+of+Athena%3A+Aspects+of+Triangulation&rft.volume=83&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E895-%3C%2Fspan%3E911&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1516%2F3NLL-UG13-TP2J-927M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A28961886%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Seelig%2C+B.+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pep-web.org%2Fdocument.php%3Fid%3Dijp.083.0895a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gevrilgroup.com/versace/gianni-versace-medusa-logo/">"Versace Medusa Head Logo"</a>. <i>gevrilgroup.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gevrilgroup.com&rft.atitle=Versace+Medusa+Head+Logo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgevrilgroup.com%2Fversace%2Fgianni-versace-medusa-logo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pratt, A. (1994). <i>Archetypal empowerment in poetry: Medusa, Aphrodite, Artemis, and bears : a gender comparison</i>. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-253-20865-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-253-20865-3">0-253-20865-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stephenson, A. G. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://worldcat.org/oclc/39703715">"Endless the Medusa: a feminist reading of Medusan imagery and the myth of the hero in Eudora Welty's novels."</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarberVickers20037-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarberVickers20037_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGarberVickers2003">Garber & Vickers 2003</a>, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGarberVickers20031-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGarberVickers20031_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGarberVickers2003">Garber & Vickers 2003</a>, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilk2000217–218-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilk2000217–218_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilk2000217–218_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilk2000217–218_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilk2000">Wilk 2000</a>, pp. 217–218.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Griselda_Pollock" title="Griselda Pollock">Griselda Pollock</a> (2013) "From Horrorism to Compassion" in G. Pollock (ed.) <i>Visual Politics of Psychoanalysis</i>, London: I.B.Tauris. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78076-316-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78076-316-3">978-1-78076-316-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilk2000219-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilk2000219_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilk2000">Wilk 2000</a>, p. 219.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHastings2018" class="citation web cs1">Hastings, Christobel (9 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://broadly.vice.com/en_us/article/qvxwax/medusa-greek-myth-rape-victim-turned-into-a-monster">"The Timeless Myth of Medusa, a Rape Victim Turned Into a Monster"</a>. <i>Broadly</i>. Vice<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Broadly.&rft.atitle=The+Timeless+Myth+of+Medusa%2C+a+Rape+Victim+Turned+Into+a+Monster&rft.date=2018-04-09&rft.aulast=Hastings&rft.aufirst=Christobel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbroadly.vice.com%2Fen_us%2Farticle%2Fqvxwax%2Fmedusa-greek-myth-rape-victim-turned-into-a-monster&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-r1-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-r1_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-r1_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohnston2016" class="citation web cs1">Johnston, Elizabeth (6 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2016/11/the-original-nasty-woman-of-classical-myth/506591/">"The Original 'Nasty Woman'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>The Atlantic</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=The+Original+%27Nasty+Woman%27&rft.date=2016-11-06&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fentertainment%2Farchive%2F2016%2F11%2Fthe-original-nasty-woman-of-classical-myth%2F506591%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTakács2018" class="citation web cs1">Takács, Judy (September 30, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chickswithballsjudytakacs.blogspot.com/2018/09/medusatoo.html">"#Me(dusa)too"</a>. <i>chickswithballsjudytakacs.blogspot.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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New York, NY: Continuum International Publishing Group. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/literarytheorygu0000klag/page/99">99</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Literary+Theory%3A+A+Guide+for+the+Perplexed&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pages=99&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Klages&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fliterarytheorygu0000klag&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Myth_and_Literary_History-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Myth_and_Literary_History_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/a_f/bogan/medusamyth.htm">"Medusa in Myth and Literary History"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Mutual. p. 121. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-935180-40-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-935180-40-0"><bdi>0-935180-40-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mutiny+of+the+Elsinore&rft.pages=121&rft.pub=Mutual&rft.date=1914&rft.isbn=0-935180-40-0&rft.au=London%2C+Jack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lucianogarbati.com/medusa">"Luciano Garbati's Medusa"</a>. <i>Luciano Garbati</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Luciano+Garbati&rft.atitle=Luciano+Garbati%27s+Medusa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lucianogarbati.com%2Fmedusa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedusa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilk2000200-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilk2000200_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilk2000">Wilk 2000</a>, p. 200.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">WoRMS Editorial Board (2017). World Register of Marine Species. Available from <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.marinespecies.org">http://www.marinespecies.org</a> at VLIZ. Accessed 2017-09-06. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.14284%2F170">10.14284/170</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beolens-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Beolens_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beolens_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Bo_Beolens" class="extiw" title="species:Bo Beolens">Beolens, Bo</a>; <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Michael_Watkins" class="extiw" title="species:Michael Watkins">Watkins, Michael</a>; <a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Michael_Grayson" class="extiw" title="species:Michael Grayson">Grayson, Michael</a> (2011). "Medusa", p. 175 in <i>The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles</i>. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4214-0135-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4214-0135-5">978-1-4214-0135-5</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_(Pseudo-Apollodorus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)">Apollodorus</a>, <i>Apollodorus, The Library, with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes</i>, Cambridge, Massachusetts, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>; London, William Heinemann Ltd., 1921. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-99135-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-99135-4">0-674-99135-4</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0548.tlg001.perseus-eng1">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brill%27s_New_Pauly" class="mw-redirect" title="Brill's New Pauly">Brill's New Pauly</a>: Encyclopaedia of the Ancient World. 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Evelyn-White</i>, Cambridge, Massachusetts, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>; London, William Heinemann Ltd., 1914. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.perseus.org/texts/urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0020.tlg001.perseus-eng1">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaius_Julius_Hyginus" title="Gaius Julius Hyginus">Hyginus, Gaius Julius</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Fabulae" title="Fabulae">Fabulae</a></i>, in <i>The Myths of Hyginus</i>, edited and translated by Mary A. 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New York, USA: <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58839-642-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58839-642-6"><bdi>978-1-58839-642-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dangerous+Beauty%3A+Medusa+in+Classical+Art%3A+The+Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art+Bulletin&rft.place=New+York%2C+USA&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft.date=2018-02-01&rft.isbn=978-1-58839-642-6&rft.aulast=Karoglou&rft.aufirst=Kiki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_SZKDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedusa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a></i>, Brookes More, Boston, Cornhill Publishing Co. 1922. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0028%3Abook%3D1%3Acard%3D1">Online version at the Perseus Digital Library</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a>, Volume I: Books 1–8</i>. Translated by Frank Justus Miller. Revised by G. P. Goold. <a href="/wiki/Loeb_Classical_Library" title="Loeb Classical Library">Loeb Classical Library</a> No. 42. Cambridge, Massachusetts: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>, 1977, first published 1916. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99046-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-99046-3">978-0-674-99046-3</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL042/1916/volume.xml">Online version at Harvard University Press</a>.</li> <li>Seelig BJ. The rape of Medusa in the temple of Athena: aspects of triangulation in the girl. Int J Psychoanal. 2002 Aug;83(Pt 4):895–911. doi: 10.1516/00207570260172975. PMID 12204171.</li> <li>Tripp, Edward, <i>Crowell's Handbook of Classical Mythology</i>, Thomas Y. Crowell Co; First edition (June 1970). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/069022608X" title="Special:BookSources/069022608X">069022608X</a>.</li> <li>Walker, Barbara G. (1996). <i>The Women's Encyclopedia of Myths & Secrets</i>. New Jersey: Castle Books. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0785807209" title="Special:BookSources/0785807209">0785807209</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilk2000" class="citation book cs1">Wilk, Stephen (2000). <i>Medusa: Solving the Mystery of the Gorgon</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195124316" title="Special:BookSources/9780195124316"><bdi>9780195124316</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medusa%3A+Solving+the+Mystery+of+the+Gorgon&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9780195124316&rft.aulast=Wilk&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMedusa" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Medusa" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Medusa">Medusa</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rg.ancients.info/medusa/">Ancient coins depicting Medusa</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/a_f/bogan/medusamyth.htm">"Medusa in Myth and Literary History" – English.uiuc.edu</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081218013829/http://www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/a_f/bogan/medusamyth.htm">Archived</a> 2008-12-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theoi.com/Pontios/Gorgones.html">Theoi Project, Medousa & the Gorgones</a> References to Medusa and her sisters in classical literature and art</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iconographic.warburg.sas.ac.uk/category/vpc-taxonomy-000225">The Warburg Institute Iconographic Database (images of Medusa)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Metamorphoses_in_Greek_mythology" title="Template:Metamorphoses in Greek mythology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Metamorphoses_in_Greek_mythology" title="Template talk:Metamorphoses in Greek mythology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Metamorphoses_in_Greek_mythology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Metamorphoses in Greek mythology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Metamorphoses_in_Greek_mythology155" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses_in_Greek_mythology" title="Metamorphoses in Greek mythology">Metamorphoses in Greek mythology</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">Animals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Avian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abas_(mythology)" title="Abas (mythology)">Abas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acanthis_(mythology)" title="Acanthis (mythology)">Acanthis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acanthus_(son_of_Autonous)" title="Acanthus (son of Autonous)">Acanthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acmon" title="Acmon">Acmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%C3%ABdon" title="Aëdon">Aëdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegolius_(mythology)" title="Aegolius (mythology)">Aegolius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegypius_(mythology)" title="Aegypius (mythology)">Aegypius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%C3%ABtos" title="Aëtos">Aëtos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aesacus" title="Aesacus">Aesacus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrius_and_Oreius_(mythology)" title="Agrius and Oreius (mythology)">Agrius and Oreius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agron_(mythology)" title="Agron (mythology)">Agron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcander_(mythology)" title="Alcander (mythology)">Alcander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcyone_(daughter_of_Sciron)" title="Alcyone (daughter of Sciron)">Alcyone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcyone_and_Ceyx" title="Alcyone and Ceyx">Alcyone and Ceyx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcyonides" title="Alcyonides">Alcyonides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alectryon_(mythology)" title="Alectryon (mythology)">Alectryon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthus_(mythology)" title="Anthus (mythology)">Anthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigone_of_Troy" class="mw-redirect" title="Antigone of Troy">Antigone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argus_Panoptes" title="Argus Panoptes">Argus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arne_Sithonis" title="Arne Sithonis">Arne Sithonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemiche" title="Artemiche">Artemiche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascalaphus_(son_of_Acheron)" title="Ascalaphus (son of Acheron)">Ascalaphus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteria" title="Asteria">Asteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonous" title="Autonous">Autonous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botres" title="Botres">Botres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulis_(mythology)" title="Bulis (mythology)">Bulis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byssa_(mythology)" title="Byssa (mythology)">Byssa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caeneus" title="Caeneus">Caeneus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celeus_(Crete)" title="Celeus (Crete)">Celeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerberus_(Greek_myth)" title="Cerberus (Greek myth)">Cerberus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelidon_(mythology)" title="Chelidon (mythology)">Chelidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinyras" title="Cinyras">Cinyras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinis" title="Clinis">Clinis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combe_(mythology)" title="Combe (mythology)">Combe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corone_(crow)" title="Corone (crow)">Corone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ctesylla" title="Ctesylla">Ctesylla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycnus_(son_of_Apollo)" title="Cycnus (son of Apollo)">Cycnus (son of Apollo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycnus_(son_of_Ares)" title="Cycnus (son of Ares)">Cycnus (son of Ares)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycnus_(son_of_Poseidon)" title="Cycnus (son of Poseidon)">Cycnus (son of Poseidon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycnus_(son_of_Sthenelus)" title="Cycnus (son of Sthenelus)">Cycnus (son of Sthenelus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daedalion" title="Daedalion">Daedalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erinoma" title="Erinoma">Erinoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erodius" title="Erodius">Erodius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eumelus" title="Eumelus">Eumelus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerana" title="Gerana">Gerana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmotho%C3%AB" title="Harmothoë">Harmothoë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpalyce_(daughter_of_Clymenus)" title="Harpalyce (daughter of Clymenus)">Harpalyce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpasus" title="Harpasus">Harpasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpe_(mythology)" title="Harpe (mythology)">Harpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hierax_(mythology)" title="Hierax (mythology)">Hierax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippodamia_(wife_of_Autonous)" title="Hippodamia (wife of Autonous)">Hippodamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperippe" title="Hyperippe">Hyperippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyria_(mythology)" title="Hyria (mythology)">Hyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ictinus_(mythology)" title="Ictinus (mythology)">Ictinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idas_(mythology)" title="Idas (mythology)">Idas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ino_(Greek_mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ino (Greek mythology)">Ino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itys" title="Itys">Itys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iynx" title="Iynx">Iynx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laius_(Crete)" title="Laius (Crete)">Laius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lelante" title="Lelante">Lelante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycius_(son_of_Clinis)" title="Lycius (son of Clinis)">Lycius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycus_(mythology)" title="Lycus (mythology)">Lycus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megaletor" title="Megaletor">Megaletor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meleagrids" title="Meleagrids">Meleagrids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memnon" title="Memnon">Memnonides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meropis_(mythology)" title="Meropis (mythology)">Meropis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merops_(mythology)" title="Merops (mythology)">Merops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minyades" title="Minyades">Minyades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munichus" title="Munichus">Munichus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neophron_(Greek_myth)" title="Neophron (Greek myth)">Neophron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nisos" title="Nisos">Nisus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyctaea" title="Nyctaea">Nyctaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyctimene_(mythology)" title="Nyctimene (mythology)">Nyctimene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oenoe_(mythology)" title="Oenoe (mythology)">Oenoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oenotropae" title="Oenotropae">Oenotropae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ortygius" title="Ortygius">Ortygius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandareus" title="Pandareus">Pandareus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelia_(mythology)" title="Pelia (mythology)">Pelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perdix_(mythology)" title="Perdix (mythology)">Perdix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periphas_(king_of_Attica)" title="Periphas (king of Attica)">Periphas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peristera_(mythology)" title="Peristera (mythology)">Peristera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picus" title="Picus">Picus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierides_(mythology)" title="Pierides (mythology)">Pierides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phene_(mythology)" title="Phene (mythology)">Phene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philaeus_(mythology)" title="Philaeus (mythology)">Philaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philomela" title="Philomela">Philomela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleiades_(Greek_mythology)" title="Pleiades (Greek mythology)">Pleiades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyphonte" title="Polyphonte">Polyphonte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytechnus" title="Polytechnus">Polytechnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procne" title="Procne">Procne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhexenor" title="Rhexenor">Rhexenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoeneus" title="Schoeneus">Schoeneus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scylla_(daughter_of_Nisus)" title="Scylla (daughter of Nisus)">Scylla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tereus" title="Tereus">Tereus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timandra_(mother_of_Neophron)" title="Timandra (mother of Neophron)">Timandra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Non-avian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abas_(mythology)" title="Abas (mythology)">Abas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actaeon" title="Actaeon">Actaeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arachne" title="Arachne">Arachne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcas" title="Arcas">Arcas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arge" title="Arge">Arge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristaeus_(Giant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aristaeus (Giant)">Aristaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascalabus" title="Ascalabus">Ascalabus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atalanta" title="Atalanta">Atalanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadmus" title="Cadmus">Cadmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calchus" title="Calchus">Calchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callisto_(mythology)" title="Callisto (mythology)">Callisto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cephissus_(mythology)" title="Cephissus (mythology)">Cephissus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerambus" title="Cerambus">Cerambus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cercopes" title="Cercopes">Cercopes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelone_(mythology)" title="Chelone (mythology)">Chelone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circe" title="Circe">Circe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korybantes" title="Korybantes">Curetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynosura_(nymph)" title="Cynosura (nymph)">Cynosura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galanthis" title="Galanthis">Galanthis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gale_(mythology)" title="Gale (mythology)">Gale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonia" title="Harmonia">Harmonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hecuba" title="Hecuba">Hecuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helice_(mythology)" title="Helice (mythology)">Helice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippomenes" title="Hippomenes">Hippomenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Io_(mythology)" title="Io (mythology)">Io</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycaon_(king_of_Arcadia)" title="Lycaon (king of Arcadia)">Lycaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycian_peasants" title="Lycian peasants">Lycian peasants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyncus" title="Lyncus">Lyncus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megisto_(mythology)" title="Megisto (mythology)">Megisto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanippe" title="Melanippe">Melanippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphorion_(mythology)" title="Euphorion (mythology)">Melian nymphs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melissa" title="Melissa">Melissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minyades" title="Minyades">Minyades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myia_(mythology)" title="Myia (mythology)">Myia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrmex_(Attic_woman)" title="Myrmex (Attic woman)">Myrmex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na%C3%AFs_(mythology)" title="Naïs (mythology)">Naïs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerites_(mythology)" title="Nerites (mythology)">Nerites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocyrhoe" title="Ocyrhoe">Ocyrhoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odysseus" title="Odysseus">Odysseus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentheus" title="Pentheus">Pentheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phalanx_(mythology)" title="Phalanx (mythology)">Phalanx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phineus" title="Phineus">Phineus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenice_(mythology)" title="Phoenice (mythology)">Phoenice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompilus_(mythology)" title="Pompilus (mythology)">Pompilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taygete" title="Taygete">Taygete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophane" title="Theophane">Theophane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiresias" title="Tiresias">Tiresias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanis_(mythology)" title="Titanis (mythology)">Titanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tithonus" title="Tithonus">Tithonus</a></li> <li>Tyrrhenian pirates <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aethalides_(mythology)" title="Aethalides (mythology)">Aethalides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcimedon" title="Alcimedon">Alcimedon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictys" title="Dictys">Dictys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epopeus" title="Epopeus">Epopeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melas_(mythology)" title="Melas (mythology)">Melas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medon_(mythology)" title="Medon (mythology)">Medon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opheltes_(mythology)" title="Opheltes (mythology)">Opheltes</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pygmalion_(Raoux).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pygmalion and Galatea"><img alt="Pygmalion and Galatea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Pygmalion_%28Raoux%29.jpg/120px-Pygmalion_%28Raoux%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Pygmalion_%28Raoux%29.jpg/250px-Pygmalion_%28Raoux%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1436" data-file-height="1898" /></a></span><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_and_Daphne_(Bernini).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Apollo and Daphne"><img alt="Apollo and Daphne" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Apollo_and_Daphne_%28Bernini%29.jpg/90px-Apollo_and_Daphne_%28Bernini%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Apollo_and_Daphne_%28Bernini%29.jpg/135px-Apollo_and_Daphne_%28Bernini%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Apollo_and_Daphne_%28Bernini%29.jpg/180px-Apollo_and_Daphne_%28Bernini%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5048" data-file-height="7800" /></a></span><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Io_changed_into_a_cow,_Mercury_cuts_of_Argus%27s_head.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Io"><img alt="Io" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Io_changed_into_a_cow%2C_Mercury_cuts_of_Argus%27s_head.jpg/90px-Io_changed_into_a_cow%2C_Mercury_cuts_of_Argus%27s_head.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Io_changed_into_a_cow%2C_Mercury_cuts_of_Argus%27s_head.jpg/135px-Io_changed_into_a_cow%2C_Mercury_cuts_of_Argus%27s_head.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Io_changed_into_a_cow%2C_Mercury_cuts_of_Argus%27s_head.jpg/180px-Io_changed_into_a_cow%2C_Mercury_cuts_of_Argus%27s_head.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1913" data-file-height="2645" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">Base appearance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achilles_(son_of_Zeus)" title="Achilles (son of Zeus)">Achilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigone_of_Troy" class="mw-redirect" title="Antigone of Troy">Antigone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charybdis" title="Charybdis">Charybdis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamia" title="Lamia">Lamia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Medusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midas" title="Midas">Midas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramus_and_Thisbe" title="Pyramus and Thisbe">Mulberry fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phaon" title="Phaon">Phaon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scylla" title="Scylla">Scylla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siren_(mythology)" title="Siren (mythology)">Sirens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycius_(son_of_Clinis)" title="Lycius (son of Clinis)">White raven</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">Humanoids</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arne_(daughter_of_Aeolus)" title="Arne (daughter of Aeolus)">Arne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calliste_(mythology)" title="Calliste (mythology)">Calliste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymodoce_(mythology)" title="Cymodoce (mythology)">Cymodoce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arcesius" title="Arcesius">Cephalus' wife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galatea_(mythology)" title="Galatea (mythology)">Galatea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leleges" title="Leleges">Leleges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrmidons" title="Myrmidons">Myrmidons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephele" title="Nephele">Nephele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartoi" class="mw-redirect" title="Spartoi">Spartoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Weasel_and_Aphrodite" title="The Weasel and Aphrodite">Weasel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">Inanimate objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aconteus" title="Aconteus">Aconteus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aglaurus,_daughter_of_Cecrops" title="Aglaurus, daughter of Cecrops">Aglaurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcmene" title="Alcmene">Alcmene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaxarete" title="Anaxarete">Anaxarete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariadne" title="Ariadne">Ariadne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsino%C3%AB_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsinoë of Cyprus">Arsinoë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspalis" title="Aspalis">Aspalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battus_(mythology)" title="Battus (mythology)">Battus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britomartis" title="Britomartis">Britomartis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calydon_(son_of_Ares)" title="Calydon (son of Ares)">Calydon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cercopes" title="Cercopes">Cercopes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cragaleus" title="Cragaleus">Cragaleus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daphnis" title="Daphnis">Daphnis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iodame" title="Iodame">Iodame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laelaps_(mythology)" title="Laelaps (mythology)">Laelaps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lethaea" title="Lethaea">Lethaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyco_and_Orphe" title="Lyco and Orphe">Lyco and Orphe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olenus" title="Olenus">Olenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallas_(Giant)" title="Pallas (Giant)">Pallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandareus" title="Pandareus">Pandareus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phineus_(son_of_Belus)" title="Phineus (son of Belus)">Phineus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polydectes" title="Polydectes">Polydectes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proetus_(son_of_Abas)" title="Proetus (son of Abas)">Proetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propoetides" title="Propoetides">Propoetides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrrhus_(mythology)" title="Pyrrhus (mythology)">Pyrrhus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teumessian_fox" title="Teumessian fox">Teumessian fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psamathe_(Nereid)" title="Psamathe (Nereid)">Wolf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">Landforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achelous" title="Achelous">Achelous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acheron" title="Acheron">Acheron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acis_and_Galatea" title="Acis and Galatea">Acis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aea_(mythology)" title="Aea (mythology)">Aea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alope" title="Alope">Alope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpheus_(deity)" title="Alpheus (deity)">Alpheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arethusa_(Boeotia)" title="Arethusa (Boeotia)">Arethusa (Boeotia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arethusa_(mythology)" title="Arethusa (mythology)">Arethusa (Elis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asteria" title="Asteria">Asteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_(mythology)" title="Atlas (mythology)">Atlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aura_(mythology)" title="Aura (mythology)">Aura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byblis" title="Byblis">Byblis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calliste_(mythology)" title="Calliste (mythology)">Calliste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castalia" title="Castalia">Castalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chione_(daughter_of_Callirrhoe)" title="Chione (daughter of Callirrhoe)">Chione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleite" title="Cleite">Cleite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comaetho_(lover_of_Cydnus)" title="Comaetho (lover of Cydnus)">Comaetho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyane" title="Cyane">Cyane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirce" title="Dirce">Dirce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haemus" title="Haemus">Haemus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichas" title="Lichas">Lichas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilaeus_(mythology)" title="Lilaeus (mythology)">Lilaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manto_(daughter_of_Tiresias)" title="Manto (daughter of Tiresias)">Manto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marsyas" title="Marsyas">Marsyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menippe_and_Metioche" title="Menippe and Metioche">Menippe and Metioche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niobe" title="Niobe">Niobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perimele" title="Perimele">Perimele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirene_(nymph)" title="Pirene (nymph)">Pirene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramus_and_Thisbe" title="Pyramus and Thisbe">Pyramus and Thisbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodope_(mythology)" title="Rhodope (mythology)">Rhodope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodopis_and_Euthynicus" title="Rhodopis and Euthynicus">Rhodopis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangarius_(mythology)" title="Sangarius (mythology)">Sangas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selemnus_(god)" title="Selemnus (god)">Selemnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sybaris_(mythology)" title="Sybaris (mythology)">Sybaris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">Opposite sex</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caeneus" title="Caeneus">Caeneus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermaphroditus" title="Hermaphroditus">Hermaphroditus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iphis" title="Iphis">Iphis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leucippus_of_Crete" title="Leucippus of Crete">Leucippus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmacis" title="Salmacis">Salmacis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siproites" title="Siproites">Siproites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sithon_(mythology)" title="Sithon (mythology)">Sithon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiresias" title="Tiresias">Tiresias</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">Plants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adonis" title="Adonis">Adonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agdistis" title="Agdistis">Agdistis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajax_the_Great" title="Ajax the Great">Ajax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaracus" title="Amaracus">Amaracus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosia_(Hyades)" title="Ambrosia (Hyades)">Ambrosia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ampelos" title="Ampelos">Ampelus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anethus" title="Anethus">Anethus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attis" title="Attis">Attis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baucis_and_Philemon" title="Baucis and Philemon">Baucis and Philemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karpos" title="Karpos">Carpus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carya_of_Laconia" title="Carya of Laconia">Carya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cissus_(mythology)" title="Cissus (mythology)">Cissus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clytie_(Oceanid)" title="Clytie (Oceanid)">Clytie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crocus_(mythology)" title="Crocus (mythology)">Crocus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyparissus" title="Cyparissus">Cyparissus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daphne" title="Daphne">Daphne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diopatra_(mythology)" title="Diopatra (mythology)">Diopatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dryope_(daughter_of_Dryops)" title="Dryope (daughter of Dryops)">Dryope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaea_(mythology)" title="Elaea (mythology)">Elaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elate_(mythology)" title="Elate (mythology)">Elate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eteocles_of_Orchomenus" class="mw-redirect" title="Eteocles of Orchomenus">Eteocleides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliades" title="Heliades">Heliades</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegle_(mythology)" title="Aegle (mythology)">Aegle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dioxippe" title="Dioxippe">Dioxippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampetia" title="Lampetia">Lampetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merope_(Greek_myth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Merope (Greek myth)">Merope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phaethusa" title="Phaethusa">Phaethusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoebe_(mythology)" title="Phoebe (mythology)">Phoebe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesperides" title="Hesperides">Hesperides</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegle_(mythology)" title="Aegle (mythology)">Aegle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erytheia_(mythology)" title="Erytheia (mythology)">Erytheia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyacinth_(mythology)" title="Hyacinth (mythology)">Hyacinthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalamos" title="Kalamos">Kalamos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leuce_(mythology)" title="Leuce (mythology)">Leuce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leucothoe_(daughter_of_Orchamus)" title="Leucothoe (daughter of Orchamus)">Leucothoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libanus_(mythology)" title="Libanus (mythology)">Libanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotis_(mythology)" title="Lotis (mythology)">Lotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycurgus_of_Thrace" class="mw-redirect" title="Lycurgus of Thrace">Lycurgus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecon_(mythology)" title="Mecon (mythology)">Mecon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melos_of_Delos" class="mw-redirect" title="Melos of Delos">Melos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messapian_shepherds" title="Messapian shepherds">Messapians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milk_of_Hera" title="Milk of Hera">Milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minthe" title="Minthe">Minthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrice_(mythology)" title="Myrice (mythology)">Myrice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrina_(priestess)" title="Myrina (priestess)">Myrina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrsine_(mythology)" title="Myrsine (mythology)">Myrsine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcissus_(mythology)" title="Narcissus (mythology)">Narcissus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oechalides" title="Oechalides">Oechalides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philyra_(Oceanid)" title="Philyra (Oceanid)">Philyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllis_(mythology)" title="Phyllis (mythology)">Phyllis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picolous" title="Picolous">Picolous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitys_(mythology)" title="Pitys (mythology)">Pitys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platanus_(mythology)" title="Platanus (mythology)">Platanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalacantha" title="Psalacantha">Psalacantha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerberus" title="Cerberus">Saliva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Side_(daughter_of_Ictinus)" title="Side (daughter of Ictinus)">Side</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smilax_(mythology)" title="Smilax (mythology)">Smilax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myrrha" title="Myrrha">Smyrna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphiaraus" title="Amphiaraus">Spear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syceus" title="Syceus">Syceus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrinx" title="Syrinx">Syrinx</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">Voluntary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_gods" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek gods">Greek gods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kobalos" title="Kobalos">Kobalos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mestra" title="Mestra">Mestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Periclymenus" title="Periclymenus">Periclymenus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cumaean_Sibyl" title="Cumaean Sibyl">Cumaean Sibyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echo_(mythology)" title="Echo (mythology)">Echo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyades_(mythology)" title="Hyades (mythology)">Hyades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hylas" title="Hylas">Hylas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milk_of_Hera" title="Milk of Hera">Milk of Hera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleiades_(Greek_mythology)" title="Pleiades (Greek mythology)">Pleiades</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">False myths</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acantha" title="Acantha">Acantha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amethyste" title="Amethyste">Amethyste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchis_(mythology)" title="Orchis (mythology)">Orchis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodanthe_(mythology)" title="Rhodanthe (mythology)">Rhodanthe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#cef2e0"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ancient_Greek_deities198" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#cef2e0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Greek_mythology_(deities)" title="Template:Greek mythology (deities)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Greek_mythology_(deities)" title="Template talk:Greek mythology (deities)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Greek_mythology_(deities)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Greek mythology (deities)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ancient_Greek_deities198" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ancient <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek</a> deities</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greek_primordial_deities" title="Greek primordial deities">Primal <br /> elements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aether_(mythology)" title="Aether (mythology)">Aether</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaos_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaos (mythology)">Chaos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erebus" title="Erebus">Erebus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eros" title="Eros">Eros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaia" title="Gaia">Gaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemera" title="Hemera">Hemera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyx" title="Nyx">Nyx</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Ourea" title="Ourea">Ourea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontus_(mythology)" title="Pontus (mythology)">Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartarus" title="Tartarus">Tartarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranus_(mythology)" title="Uranus (mythology)">Uranus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Titans" title="Titans">Titans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">The twelve <a href="/wiki/Titans" title="Titans">Titans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coeus" title="Coeus">Coeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crius" title="Crius">Crius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cronus" title="Cronus">Cronus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dione_(Titaness)" title="Dione (Titaness)">Dione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperion_(Titan)" title="Hyperion (Titan)">Hyperion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iapetus" title="Iapetus">Iapetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mnemosyne" title="Mnemosyne">Mnemosyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanus" title="Oceanus">Oceanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoebe_(Titaness)" title="Phoebe (Titaness)">Phoebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhea_(mythology)" title="Rhea (mythology)">Rhea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tethys_(mythology)" title="Tethys (mythology)">Tethys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theia" title="Theia">Theia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Themis" title="Themis">Themis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Descendants of the Titans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asteria" title="Asteria">Asteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astraeus" title="Astraeus">Astraeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_(mythology)" title="Atlas (mythology)">Atlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eos" title="Eos">Eos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epimetheus" title="Epimetheus">Epimetheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helios" title="Helios">Helios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leto" title="Leto">Leto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menoetius" title="Menoetius">Menoetius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallas_(Titan)" title="Pallas (Titan)">Pallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perses_(son_of_Crius)" title="Perses (son of Crius)">Perses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prometheus" title="Prometheus">Prometheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selene" title="Selene">Selene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">Olympian <br /> deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Olympians" title="Twelve Olympians">Twelve Olympians</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aphrodite" title="Aphrodite">Aphrodite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ares" title="Ares">Ares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis" title="Artemis">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demeter" title="Demeter">Demeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hephaestus" title="Hephaestus">Hephaestus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hera" title="Hera">Hera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes" title="Hermes">Hermes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hestia" title="Hestia">Hestia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Olympian Gods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asclepius" title="Asclepius">Asclepius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eileithyia" title="Eileithyia">Eileithyia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enyo" title="Enyo">Enyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eris_(mythology)" title="Eris (mythology)">Eris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iris_(mythology)" title="Iris (mythology)">Iris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonia" title="Harmonia">Harmonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebe_(mythology)" title="Hebe (mythology)">Hebe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heracles" title="Heracles">Heracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paean_(god)" title="Paean (god)">Paean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_(god)" title="Pan (god)">Pan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Muses" title="Muses">Muses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Daughters of <a href="/wiki/Zeus" title="Zeus">Zeus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calliope" title="Calliope">Calliope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clio" title="Clio">Clio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euterpe" title="Euterpe">Euterpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erato" title="Erato">Erato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melpomene" title="Melpomene">Melpomene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyhymnia" title="Polyhymnia">Polyhymnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terpsichore" title="Terpsichore">Terpsichore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalia_(Muse)" title="Thalia (Muse)">Thalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urania" title="Urania">Urania</a></li></ul></li> <li>Daughters of <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollonis" title="Apollonis">Apollonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borysthenis" title="Borysthenis">Borysthenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cephisso" title="Cephisso">Cephisso</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeotia" title="Boeotia">Boeotian</a> Muses <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aoede" title="Aoede">Aoide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melete" title="Melete">Melete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mneme" title="Mneme">Mneme</a></li></ul></li> <li>Muses of the <a href="/wiki/Lyre" title="Lyre">Lyre</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hypate" title="Hypate">Hypate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mese_(mythology)" title="Mese (mythology)">Mese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nete_(mythology)" title="Nete (mythology)">Nete</a></li></ul></li> <li>Muses at <a href="/wiki/Sicyon" title="Sicyon">Sicyon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polymatheia" title="Polymatheia">Polymatheia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Charites" title="Charites">Charites</a> (Graces)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aglaia_(Grace)" title="Aglaia (Grace)">Aglaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphrosyne" title="Euphrosyne">Euphrosyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hegemone" title="Hegemone">Hegemone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasithea" title="Pasithea">Pasithea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalia_(Grace)" title="Thalia (Grace)">Thalia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Horae" title="Horae">Horae</a> (Hours)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dike_(mythology)" title="Dike (mythology)">Dike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eirene_(goddess)" title="Eirene (goddess)">Eirene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunomia" title="Eunomia">Eunomia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Children of <a href="/wiki/Styx" title="Styx">Styx</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bia_(mythology)" title="Bia (mythology)">Bia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kratos_(mythology)" title="Kratos (mythology)">Kratos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nike_(mythology)" title="Nike (mythology)">Nike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zelus" title="Zelus">Zelus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greek_water_deities" title="Greek water deities">Water <br /> deities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Sea deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphitrite" title="Amphitrite">Amphitrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benthesikyme" title="Benthesikyme">Benthesikyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brizo" title="Brizo">Brizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calliste_(mythology)" title="Calliste (mythology)">Calliste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calypso_(mythology)" title="Calypso (mythology)">Calypso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceto" title="Ceto">Ceto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurybia_(mythology)" title="Eurybia (mythology)">Eurybia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glaucus" title="Glaucus">Glaucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leucothea" title="Leucothea">Leucothea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melicertes" title="Melicertes">Melicertes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nereus" title="Nereus">Nereus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerites_(mythology)" title="Nerites (mythology)">Nerites</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Nesoi" title="Nesoi">Nesoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanus" title="Oceanus">Oceanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phorcys" title="Phorcys">Phorcys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontus_(mythology)" title="Pontus (mythology)">Pontus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proteus" title="Proteus">Proteus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodos" title="Rhodos">Rhodos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tethys_(mythology)" title="Tethys (mythology)">Tethys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalassa" title="Thalassa">Thalassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaumas" title="Thaumas">Thaumas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thetis" title="Thetis">Thetis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triton_(mythology)" title="Triton (mythology)">Triton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Oceanids" title="Oceanids">Oceanids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acaste_(Oceanid)" title="Acaste (Oceanid)">Acaste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Admete_(Oceanid)" title="Admete (Oceanid)">Admete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_(Oceanid)" title="Asia (Oceanid)">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callirhoe_(Oceanid)" title="Callirhoe (Oceanid)">Callirhoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceto_(Greek_myth)" title="Ceto (Greek myth)">Ceto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clymene_(mother_of_Phaethon)" title="Clymene (mother of Phaethon)">Clymene (consort of Helios)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clymene_(wife_of_Iapetus)" title="Clymene (wife of Iapetus)">Clymene (wife of Iapetus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clytie_(Oceanid)" title="Clytie (Oceanid)">Clytie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dione_(Titaness)" title="Dione (Titaness)">Dione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodone_(mythology)" title="Dodone (mythology)">Dodone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doris_(Oceanid)" title="Doris (Oceanid)">Doris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electra_(Oceanid)" title="Electra (Oceanid)">Electra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurynome_(Oceanid)" title="Eurynome (Oceanid)">Eurynome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idyia" title="Idyia">Idyia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melia_(consort_of_Apollo)" title="Melia (consort of Apollo)">Melia (consort of Apollo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melia_(consort_of_Inachus)" title="Melia (consort of Inachus)">Melia (consort of Inachus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metis_(mythology)" title="Metis (mythology)">Metis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perse_(mythology)" title="Perse (mythology)">Perse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philyra_(Oceanid)" title="Philyra (Oceanid)">Philyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleione_(mythology)" title="Pleione (mythology)">Pleione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plouto_(Oceanid)" class="mw-redirect" title="Plouto (Oceanid)">Plouto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Styx" title="Styx">Styx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telesto_(mythology)" title="Telesto (mythology)">Telesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theia_(Oceanid)" title="Theia (Oceanid)">Theia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeuxo_(Oceanid)" title="Zeuxo (Oceanid)">Zeuxo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Nereids" title="Nereids">Nereids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amatheia_(mythology)" title="Amatheia (mythology)">Amatheia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphithoe_(mythology)" title="Amphithoe (mythology)">Amphithoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphitrite" title="Amphitrite">Amphitrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arethusa_(mythology)" title="Arethusa (mythology)">Arethusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymatolege_(mythology)" title="Cymatolege (mythology)">Cymatolege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymo_(mythology)" title="Cymo (mythology)">Cymo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamene" title="Dynamene">Dynamene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acis_and_Galatea" title="Acis and Galatea">Galatea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galene_(mythology)" title="Galene (mythology)">Galene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protomedeia" title="Protomedeia">Protomedeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psamathe_(Nereid)" title="Psamathe (Nereid)">Psamathe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sao_(mythology)" title="Sao (mythology)">Sao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spio" title="Spio">Spio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thalia_(Nereid)" title="Thalia (Nereid)">Thalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thetis" title="Thetis">Thetis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/River_gods_(Greek_mythology)" title="River gods (Greek mythology)">River gods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achelous" title="Achelous">Achelous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpheus_(deity)" title="Alpheus (deity)">Alpheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anapus" title="Anapus">Anapus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asopus" title="Asopus">Asopus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asterion_(god)" title="Asterion (god)">Asterion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axius_(mythology)" title="Axius (mythology)">Axius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caanthus" title="Caanthus">Caanthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cebren" title="Cebren">Cebren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cephissus_(mythology)" title="Cephissus (mythology)">Cephissus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enipeus_(deity)" title="Enipeus (deity)">Enipeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kladeos" title="Kladeos">Kladeos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meander_(mythology)" title="Meander (mythology)">Meander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nilus_(mythology)" title="Nilus (mythology)">Nilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numicus" title="Numicus">Numicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllis_(river_god)" title="Phyllis (river god)">Phyllis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peneus" title="Peneus">Peneus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangarius_(mythology)" title="Sangarius (mythology)">Sangarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scamander" title="Scamander">Scamander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selemnus_(god)" title="Selemnus (god)">Selemnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simoeis" title="Simoeis">Simoeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strymon_(mythology)" title="Strymon (mythology)">Strymon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;"><a href="/wiki/Naiad" title="Naiad">Naiads</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aegina_(mythology)" title="Aegina (mythology)">Aegina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achiroe" title="Achiroe">Achiroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aganippe_(naiad)" title="Aganippe (naiad)">Aganippe</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Anigrides" title="Anigrides">Anigrides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argyra_(mythology)" title="Argyra (mythology)">Argyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bistonis" title="Bistonis">Bistonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolbe" title="Bolbe">Bolbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caliadne" title="Caliadne">Caliadne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassotis" title="Cassotis">Cassotis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castalia" title="Castalia">Castalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleocharia" title="Cleocharia">Cleocharia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creusa_(Naiad)" title="Creusa (Naiad)">Creusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daphne" title="Daphne">Daphne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drosera_(naiad)" title="Drosera (naiad)">Drosera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpina" title="Harpina">Harpina</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Ionides" title="Ionides">Ionides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ismenis" title="Ismenis">Ismenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larunda" title="Larunda">Larunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilaea" title="Lilaea">Lilaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liriope_(nymph)" title="Liriope (nymph)">Liriope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melite_(naiad)" title="Melite (naiad)">Melite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metope_(mythology)" title="Metope (mythology)">Metope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minthe" title="Minthe">Minthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moria_(nymph)" title="Moria (nymph)">Moria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nana_(Greek_mythology)" title="Nana (Greek mythology)">Nana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaea_(mythology)" title="Nicaea (mythology)">Nicaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orseis" title="Orseis">Orseis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallas_(daughter_of_Triton)" title="Pallas (daughter of Triton)">Pallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirene_(nymph)" title="Pirene (nymph)">Pirene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmacis" title="Salmacis">Salmacis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stilbe" title="Stilbe">Stilbe</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Thriae" title="Thriae">Thriae</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corycia" title="Corycia">Corycia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleodora_(nymph)" title="Cleodora (nymph)">Cleodora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melaina" title="Melaina">Melaina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiasa" title="Tiasa">Tiasa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">Personifications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Children of <a href="/wiki/Eris_(mythology)" title="Eris (mythology)">Eris</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algos" class="mw-redirect" title="Algos">Algos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphillogiai" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphillogiai">Amphillogiai</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Androktasiai" title="Androktasiai">Androktasiai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/At%C3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Atë">Atë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysnomia_(deity)" title="Dysnomia (deity)">Dysnomia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horkos" title="Horkos">Horkos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hysminai" title="Hysminai">Hysminai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lethe_(daughter_of_Eris)" title="Lethe (daughter of Eris)">Lethe</a></li> <li>Logoi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limos" title="Limos">Limos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machai" title="Machai">Machai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neikea" class="mw-redirect" title="Neikea">Neikea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonoi" title="Phonoi">Phonoi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponos" title="Ponos">Ponos</a></li> <li>Pseudea</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Children of <a href="/wiki/Nyx" title="Nyx">Nyx</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apate" title="Apate">Apate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eris_(mythology)" title="Eris (mythology)">Eris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geras" title="Geras">Geras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesperides" title="Hesperides">Hesperides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypnos" title="Hypnos">Hypnos</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Keres" title="Keres">Keres</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Moirai" title="Moirai">Moirai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atropos" title="Atropos">Atropos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clotho" title="Clotho">Clotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lachesis" title="Lachesis">Lachesis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Momus" title="Momus">Momus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moros" title="Moros">Moros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemesis" title="Nemesis">Nemesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oizys" title="Oizys">Oizys</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Oneiros" title="Oneiros">Oneiroi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philotes" title="Philotes">Philotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanatos" title="Thanatos">Thanatos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achlys" title="Achlys">Achlys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adephagia" title="Adephagia">Adephagia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aergia" title="Aergia">Aergia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aidos" title="Aidos">Aidos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aion_(deity)" title="Aion (deity)">Aion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alala" title="Alala">Alala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alastor" title="Alastor">Alastor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aletheia" title="Aletheia">Aletheia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alke" title="Alke">Alke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amechania" title="Amechania">Amechania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaideia" title="Anaideia">Anaideia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananke" title="Ananke">Ananke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelia" title="Angelia">Angelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apheleia" title="Apheleia">Apheleia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arete_(mythology)" title="Arete (mythology)">Arete</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Arae" title="Arae">Arae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astraea" title="Astraea">Astraea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caerus" title="Caerus">Caerus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronos" title="Chronos">Chronos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysus" title="Chrysus">Chrysus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corus_(mythology)" title="Corus (mythology)">Corus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deimos_(deity)" title="Deimos (deity)">Deimos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dike_(mythology)" title="Dike (mythology)">Dikaiosyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyssebeia" title="Dyssebeia">Dyssebeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eiresione" title="Eiresione">Eiresione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekecheiria" title="Ekecheiria">Ekecheiria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eulabeia_(mythology)" title="Eulabeia (mythology)">Eulabeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eupraxia_(mythology)" title="Eupraxia (mythology)">Eupraxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eusebeia" title="Eusebeia">Eusebeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ersa" title="Ersa">Ersa</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Erotes" title="Erotes">Erotes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anteros" title="Anteros">Anteros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eros" title="Eros">Eros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedylogos" title="Hedylogos">Hedylogos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermaphroditus" title="Hermaphroditus">Hermaphroditus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymen_(god)" title="Hymen (god)">Hymen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotes#Pothos" title="Erotes">Pothos</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelos_(mythology)" title="Gelos (mythology)">Gelos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedone" title="Hedone">Hedone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimarmene" title="Heimarmene">Heimarmene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homados" title="Homados">Homados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homonoia_(mythology)" title="Homonoia (mythology)">Homonoia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horme" title="Horme">Horme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iacchus" title="Iacchus">Iacchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ioke_(mythology)" title="Ioke (mythology)">Ioke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kakia" title="Kakia">Kakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koalemos" title="Koalemos">Koalemos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kydoimos" title="Kydoimos">Kydoimos</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Litae" title="Litae">Litae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyssa" title="Lyssa">Lyssa</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Maniae" title="Maniae">Maniae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methe" title="Methe">Methe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomos_(mythology)" title="Nomos (mythology)">Nomos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palioxis" title="Palioxis">Palioxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peitharchia" title="Peitharchia">Peitharchia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peitho" title="Peitho">Peitho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penia" title="Penia">Penia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penthus" title="Penthus">Penthus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepromene" title="Pepromene">Pepromene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pheme" title="Pheme">Pheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phobos_(mythology)" title="Phobos (mythology)">Phobos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phrike" title="Phrike">Phrike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phthonus" title="Phthonus">Phthonus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poena" title="Poena">Poine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polemos" title="Polemos">Polemos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porus_(mythology)" title="Porus (mythology)">Poros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praxidice" title="Praxidice">Praxidice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proioxis" title="Proioxis">Proioxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophasis" title="Prophasis">Prophasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soter_(daimon)" title="Soter (daimon)">Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soteria_(mythology)" title="Soteria (mythology)">Soteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrasos" title="Thrasos">Thrasos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyche" title="Tyche">Tyche</a></li> <li>The Younger <a href="/wiki/Charites" title="Charites">Charites</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eucleia" title="Eucleia">Eucleia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eupheme_(deity)" title="Eupheme (deity)">Eupheme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euthenia" title="Euthenia">Euthenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philophrosyne" title="Philophrosyne">Philophrosyne</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#cef2e0;width:1%">Other deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Sky</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Anemoi" title="Anemoi">Anemoi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boreas" title="Boreas">Boreas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurus" title="Eurus">Eurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notus" title="Notus">Notus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephyrus" title="Zephyrus">Zephyrus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesperus" title="Hesperus">Hesperus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus_(morning_star)" title="Phosphorus (morning star)">Phosphorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phaethon" title="Phaethon">Phaethon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrape_and_Bronte" title="Astrape and Bronte">Astrape and Bronte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aura_(mythology)" title="Aura (mythology)">Aura</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Hesperides" title="Hesperides">Hesperides</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Hyades_(mythology)" title="Hyades (mythology)">Hyades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephele" title="Nephele">Nephele</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Pleiades_(Greek_mythology)" title="Pleiades (Greek mythology)">Pleiades</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcyone_(Pleiad)" title="Alcyone (Pleiad)">Alcyone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterope_(Pleiad)" title="Sterope (Pleiad)">Sterope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celaeno" title="Celaeno">Celaeno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electra_(Pleiad)" title="Electra (Pleiad)">Electra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maia" title="Maia">Maia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merope_(Pleiad)" title="Merope (Pleiad)">Merope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taygete" title="Taygete">Taygete</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirius_(mythology)" title="Sirius (mythology)">Sirius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tritopatores" title="Tritopatores">Tritopatores</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Agriculture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aphaea" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphaea">Aphaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demeter" title="Demeter">Demeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Despoina" title="Despoina">Despoina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eunostus" title="Eunostus">Eunostus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opora_(mythology)" title="Opora (mythology)">Opora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philomelus" title="Philomelus">Philomelus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plutus" title="Plutus">Plutus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Health</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asclepius" title="Asclepius">Asclepius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aceso" title="Aceso">Aceso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epione" title="Epione">Epione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iaso" title="Iaso">Iaso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hygieia" title="Hygieia">Hygieia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paean_(god)" title="Paean (god)">Paean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panacea" title="Panacea">Panacea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telesphorus_(mythology)" title="Telesphorus (mythology)">Telesphorus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Rustic <br />deities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aetna_(nymph)" title="Aetna (nymph)">Aetna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agdistis" title="Agdistis">Agdistis</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Alseid" title="Alseid">Alseids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphictyonis" title="Amphictyonis">Amphictyonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristaeus" title="Aristaeus">Aristaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attis" title="Attis">Attis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britomartis" title="Britomartis">Britomartis</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Cabeiri" title="Cabeiri">Cabeiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comus" title="Comus">Comus</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Dryad" title="Dryad">Dryades</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erato_(dryad)" title="Erato (dryad)">Erato</a></li></ul></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Hamadryad" title="Hamadryad">Hamadryades</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chrysopeleia" title="Chrysopeleia">Chrysopeleia</a></li></ul></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Epimelides" title="Epimelides">Epimelides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hecaterus" title="Hecaterus">Hecaterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leuce_(mythology)" title="Leuce (mythology)">Leuce</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Maenad" title="Maenad">Maenades</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Meliae" title="Meliae">Meliae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperborean_maidens" title="Hyperborean maidens">Hyperborean maidens</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Oread" title="Oread">Oreads</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Echo_(mythology)" title="Echo (mythology)">Echo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priapus" title="Priapus">Priapus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhapso" title="Rhapso">Rhapso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silenus" title="Silenus">Silenus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telete" title="Telete">Telete</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#cef2e0;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexiares_and_Anicetus" title="Alexiares and Anicetus">Alexiares and Anicetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aphroditus" title="Aphroditus">Aphroditus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arke" title="Arke">Arke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxesia_(Greek_mythology)" title="Auxesia (Greek mythology)">Auxesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enodia" title="Enodia">Enodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circe" title="Circe">Circe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enyalius" title="Enyalius">Enyalius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hecate" title="Hecate">Hecate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palaestra_(mythology)" title="Palaestra (mythology)">Palaestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasipha%C3%AB" title="Pasiphaë">Pasiphaë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phanes" title="Phanes">Phanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosipolis_(god)" title="Sosipolis (god)">Sosipolis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output 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wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Draig.svg/21px-Draig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Draig.svg/32px-Draig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Draig.svg/42px-Draig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="713" data-file-height="475" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Mythology">Mythology</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Parthenon_from_west.jpg/21px-Parthenon_from_west.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Parthenon_from_west.jpg/32px-Parthenon_from_west.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Parthenon_from_west.jpg/42px-Parthenon_from_west.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ancient_Greece" title="Portal:Ancient Greece">Ancient Greece</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Draig.svg/21px-Draig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Draig.svg/32px-Draig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Draig.svg/42px-Draig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="713" data-file-height="475" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Myths" title="Portal:Myths">Myths</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output 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class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/172278492">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/37715717">2</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/21146284506415332745">3</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/36151776715318010447">4</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Medusa (Gorgon)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1015480/">FAST</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118943936">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Medusa (Gorgon)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2019169628">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jo2016908866&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/42gjlvkn1bld1vs">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810635556105606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007327243905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td 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