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<a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_education_about_Aboriginal_perspectives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Public education about Aboriginal perspectives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_education_about_Aboriginal_perspectives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-An_anthropological_generalisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#An_anthropological_generalisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>An anthropological generalisation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-An_anthropological_generalisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-An_Aboriginal_generalisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#An_Aboriginal_generalisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>An Aboriginal generalisation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-An_Aboriginal_generalisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sacred_sites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sacred_sites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Sacred sites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sacred_sites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pan-Australian_mythology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pan-Australian_mythology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Pan-Australian mythology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Pan-Australian_mythology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Pan-Australian mythology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Pan-Australian_mythology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rainbow_Serpent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rainbow_Serpent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Rainbow Serpent</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rainbow_Serpent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Captain_Cook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Captain_Cook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Captain Cook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Captain_Cook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Views_on_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Views_on_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Views on death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Views_on_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Link_to_astronomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Link_to_astronomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Link to astronomy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Link_to_astronomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Group-specific_mythology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Group-specific_mythology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Group-specific mythology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Group-specific_mythology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Group-specific mythology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Group-specific_mythology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Yolngu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Yolngu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Yolngu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Yolngu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Murrinh-Patha_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Murrinh-Patha_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Murrinh-Patha people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Murrinh-Patha_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pintupi_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pintupi_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Pintupi people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pintupi_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Newer_belief_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Newer_belief_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Newer belief systems</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Newer_belief_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox 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Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86" title="أساطير سكان أستراليا الأصليين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أساطير سكان أستراليا الأصليين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitolox%C3%ADa_aborixe_australiana" title="Mitoloxía aborixe australiana – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Mitoloxía aborixe australiana" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mites_abor%C3%ADgens_australians" title="Mites aborígens australians – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mites aborígens australians" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aborid%C5%BEinsk%C3%A9_n%C3%A1bo%C5%BEenstv%C3%AD" title="Aboridžinské náboženství – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Aboridžinské náboženství" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitolog%C3%ADa_aborigen_australiana" title="Mitología aborigen australiana – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mitología aborigen australiana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australiako_aborigen_mitologia" title="Australiako aborigen mitologia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Australiako aborigen mitologia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="اسطوره‌شناسی بومیان استرالیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسطوره‌شناسی بومیان استرالیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mythologie_aborig%C3%A8ne" title="Mythologie aborigène – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mythologie aborigène" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitolox%C3%ADa_aborixe_australiana" title="Mitoloxía aborixe australiana – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mitoloxía aborixe australiana" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culti_aborigeni_australiani" title="Culti aborigeni australiani – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Culti aborigeni australiani" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religio_Aboriginalis_Australiana" title="Religio Aboriginalis Australiana – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Religio Aboriginalis Australiana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86" title="اساطير سكان استراليا الاصليين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اساطير سكان استراليا الاصليين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australsk_mytologi" title="Australsk mytologi – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Australsk mytologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Skarbnica_Wikipedii/Mitologia_aboryge%C5%84ska" title="Wikipedia:Skarbnica Wikipedii/Mitologia aborygeńska – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wikipedia:Skarbnica Wikipedii/Mitologia aborygeńska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Австралийская мифология – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Австралийская мифология" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_mythology" title="Australian Aboriginal mythology – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Australian Aboriginal mythology" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australijska_aborid%C5%BEinska_religija_i_mitologija" title="Australijska aboridžinska religija i mitologija – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Australijska aboridžinska religija i mitologija" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australyanong_Aboriheng_relihiyon_at_mitolohiya" title="Australyanong Aboriheng relihiyon at mitolohiya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Australyanong Aboriheng relihiyon at mitolohiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aborijin_mitolojisi" title="Aborijin mitolojisi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Aborijin mitolojisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Австралійська міфологія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Австралійська міфологія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_culture" title="Australian Aboriginal culture">Australian Aboriginal culture</a></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Damarri001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Damarri001.jpg/350px-Damarri001.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9b/Damarri001.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="457" data-file-height="183" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Djabugay_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Djabugay people">Djabugay</a> language group's mythical being, <i>Damarri</i>, transformed into a mountain range, is seen lying on his back above the <a href="/wiki/Barron_Gorge_National_Park" title="Barron Gorge National Park">Barron River Gorge</a>, looking upwards to the skies, within north-east Australia's wet tropical forested landscape.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology</b> is the sacred spirituality represented in the stories performed by <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australians" title="Aboriginal Australians">Aboriginal Australians</a> within each of the <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal Australian languages">language groups across Australia</a> in their <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_ceremonies" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal ceremonies">ceremonies</a>. Aboriginal spirituality includes <a href="/wiki/The_Dreaming" title="The Dreaming">the Dreamtime</a> (<i>the Dreaming</i>), <a href="/wiki/Songlines" class="mw-redirect" title="Songlines">songlines</a>, and Aboriginal <a href="/wiki/Oral_literature" title="Oral literature">oral literature</a>. </p><p>Aboriginal spirituality often conveys descriptions of each group's local <a href="/wiki/Cultural_landscape" title="Cultural landscape">cultural landscape</a>, adding meaning to the whole country's <a href="/wiki/Topography" title="Topography">topography</a> from <a href="/wiki/Oral_tradition" title="Oral tradition">oral history</a> told by ancestors from some of the earliest <a href="/wiki/Recorded_history" title="Recorded history">recorded history</a>. Most of these spiritualities belong to specific groups, but some span the whole continent in one form or another. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Antiquity">Antiquity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Aboriginal_religion_and_mythology&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Antiquity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An Australian <a href="/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics">linguist</a>, <a href="/wiki/R._M._W._Dixon" class="mw-redirect" title="R. M. W. Dixon">R. M. W. Dixon</a>, recording Aboriginal myths in their original languages, encountered coincidences between some of the landscape details being told about within various myths, and <a href="/wiki/Hard_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard science">scientific</a> discoveries being made about the same landscapes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon197229_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon197229-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the case of the <a href="/wiki/Atherton_Tableland" title="Atherton Tableland">Atherton Tableland</a>, myths tell of the origins of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Eacham_(Queensland)" title="Lake Eacham (Queensland)">Lake Eacham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lake_Barrine" title="Lake Barrine">Lake Barrine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Euramoo" title="Lake Euramoo">Lake Euramoo</a>. Geological research dated the formative volcanic explosions described by Aboriginal myth tellers as having occurred more than 10,000 years ago. <a href="/wiki/Paleobotany" title="Paleobotany">Pollen fossil</a> sampling from the silt which had settled to the bottom of the craters confirmed the Aboriginal myth-tellers' story. When the craters were formed, <a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus" title="Eucalyptus">eucalyptus</a> forests dominated rather than the current wet <a href="/wiki/Tropical_rainforests" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical rainforests">tropical rainforests</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1996_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon1996-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENASO_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENASO-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dixon observed from the evidence available that Aboriginal myths regarding the origin of the Crater Lakes might be dated as accurate back to 10,000 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1996_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon1996-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further investigation of the material by the Australian Heritage Commission led to the Crater Lakes myth being listed nationally on the <a href="/wiki/Register_of_the_National_Estate" title="Register of the National Estate">Register of the National Estate</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAHD105689_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAHD105689-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and included within Australia's <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage">World Heritage</a> nomination of the <a href="/wiki/Wet_Tropics_of_Queensland" title="Wet Tropics of Queensland">wet tropical forests</a>, as an "unparalleled human record of events dating back to the <a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a> era."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPannell200611_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPannell200611-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since then, Dixon has assembled a number of similar examples of Australian Aboriginal myths that accurately describe landscapes of an ancient past. He particularly noted the numerous myths telling of previous sea levels, including:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1996_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon1996-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/Port_Phillip" title="Port Phillip">Port Phillip</a> myth (recorded as told to Robert Russell in 1850), describing Port Phillip Bay as once dry land, and the course of the <a href="/wiki/Yarra_River" title="Yarra River">Yarra River</a> being once different, following what was then Carrum Carrum swamp.</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Great_Barrier_Reef" title="Great Barrier Reef">Great Barrier Reef</a> coastline myth (told to Dixon) in <a href="/wiki/Yarrabah" class="mw-redirect" title="Yarrabah">Yarrabah</a>, just south of <a href="/wiki/Cairns" title="Cairns">Cairns</a>, telling of a past coastline (since flooded) which stood at the edge of the current Great Barrier Reef, and naming places now completely submerged after the forest types and trees that once grew there.</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Eyre" title="Lake Eyre">Lake Eyre</a> myths (recorded by J. W. Gregory in 1906), telling of the deserts of <a href="/wiki/Central_Australia" title="Central Australia">Central Australia</a> as once having been fertile, well-watered plains, and the deserts around present Lake Eyre having been one continuous garden. This oral story matches geologists' understanding that there was a wet phase to the early <a href="/wiki/Holocene" title="Holocene">Holocene</a> when the lake would have had permanent water.</li></ul> <p>Other volcanic eruptions in Australia may also be recorded in Aboriginal myths, including <a href="/wiki/Mount_Gambier,_South_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Gambier, South Australia">Mount Gambier</a> in South Australia,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENunn2017_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENunn2017-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Kinrara in northern Queensland.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohenMarkFallonStephenson201779–91_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECohenMarkFallonStephenson201779–91-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aboriginal_mythology:_whole_of_Australia">Aboriginal mythology: whole of Australia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Aboriginal_religion_and_mythology&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Aboriginal mythology: whole of Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aboriginal_regions.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Aboriginal_regions.png/220px-Aboriginal_regions.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Aboriginal_regions.png/330px-Aboriginal_regions.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Aboriginal_regions.png/440px-Aboriginal_regions.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="1278" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Indigenous peoples</a>' regions in Australia</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ausgeolbasic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ausgeolbasic.jpg/220px-Ausgeolbasic.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ausgeolbasic.jpg/330px-Ausgeolbasic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Ausgeolbasic.jpg/440px-Ausgeolbasic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="918" data-file-height="845" /></a><figcaption>Geological map of Australia</figcaption></figure> <p>The stories enshrined in Aboriginal mythology variously "tell significant truths within each Aboriginal group's local <a href="/wiki/Cultural_landscape" title="Cultural landscape">landscape</a>. They effectively layer the whole of the Australian continent's <a href="/wiki/Topography" title="Topography">topography</a> with cultural nuance and deeper meaning, and empower selected audiences with the accumulated wisdom and knowledge of Australian Aboriginal ancestors back to <a href="/wiki/Time_immemorial" title="Time immemorial">time immemorial</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1995_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1995-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <p><a href="/wiki/David_Horton_(writer)" title="David Horton (writer)">David Horton</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_of_Aboriginal_Australia" title="Encyclopaedia of Aboriginal Australia">Encyclopaedia of Aboriginal Australia</a></i> contains an article on Aboriginal mythology observing:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerndt1994_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerndt1994-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><blockquote><p>A mythic map of Australia would show thousands of characters, varying in their importance, but all in some way connected with the land. Some emerged at their specific sites and stayed spiritually in that vicinity. Others came from somewhere else and went somewhere else. Many were shape changing, transformed from or into human beings or natural species, or into natural features such as rocks but all left something of their spiritual essence at the places noted in their stories.</p></blockquote> <p>Australian Aboriginal mythologies have been characterised as "at one and the same time fragments of a <a href="/wiki/Catechism" title="Catechism">catechism</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Liturgy" title="Liturgy">liturgical</a> manual, a history of <a href="/wiki/Civilization" title="Civilization">civilization</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Geography" title="Geography">geography</a> textbook, and to a much smaller extent a manual of <a href="/wiki/Cosmography" title="Cosmography">cosmography</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gennep1906_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gennep1906-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diversity_across_a_continent">Diversity across a continent</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Aboriginal_religion_and_mythology&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Diversity across a continent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are 900 distinct Aboriginal groups across Australia,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> each distinguished by unique names usually identifying particular <a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dialect" title="Dialect">dialects</a>, or distinctive <a href="/wiki/Manner_of_articulation" title="Manner of articulation">speech mannerisms</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonaldson1994_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonaldson1994-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Each language was used for original myths, from which the distinctive words and names of individual myths derive. </p><p>With so many distinct Aboriginal groups, languages, beliefs and practices, scholars cannot attempt to characterise, under a single heading, the full range and diversity of all myths being variously and continuously told, developed, elaborated, performed, and experienced by group members across the entire continent. Attempts to represent the different groupings in maps have varied widely.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIndymedia_map_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIndymedia_map-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETindale_map_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETindale_map-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>The Encyclopaedia of Aboriginal Australia</i> nevertheless observes: "One intriguing feature [of Aboriginal Australian mythology] is the mixture of diversity and similarity in myths across the entire continent."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerndt1994_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerndt1994-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_education_about_Aboriginal_perspectives">Public education about Aboriginal perspectives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Aboriginal_religion_and_mythology&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Public education about Aboriginal perspectives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> The <a href="/wiki/Council_for_Aboriginal_Reconciliation" class="mw-redirect" title="Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation">Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation</a>'s booklet, <i>Understanding Country</i>, formally seeks to introduce non-Indigenous Australians to Aboriginal perspectives on the environment. It makes the following generalisation about Aboriginal myths and mythology:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmyth19943,_6_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmyth19943,_6-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><blockquote><p>...they generally describe the journeys of ancestral beings, often giant animals or people, over what began as a featureless domain. Mountains, rivers, waterholes, animal and plant species, and other natural and cultural resources came into being as a result of events which took place during these Dreamtime journeys. Their existence in present-day landscapes is seen by many Indigenous peoples as confirmation of their creation beliefs...<br /> The routes taken by the Creator Beings in their Dreamtime journeys across land and sea... link many <a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_sacred_sites" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Aboriginal sacred sites">sacred sites</a> together in a web of Dreamtime tracks criss-crossing the country. Dreaming tracks can run for hundreds, even thousands of kilometres, from desert to the coast [and] may be shared by peoples in countries through which the tracks pass...</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="An_anthropological_generalisation">An anthropological generalisation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Aboriginal_religion_and_mythology&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: An anthropological generalisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Australian <a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">anthropologists</a> willing to generalise suggest Aboriginal myths still being performed across Australia by Aboriginal peoples serve an important <a href="/wiki/Functionalism_(sociology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Functionalism (sociology)">social function</a> amongst their intended audiences: justifying the received ordering of their daily lives;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckett199497–115_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett199497–115-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> helping shape peoples' ideas; and assisting to influence others' behaviour.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatson1994_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatson1994-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, such performance often continuously incorporates and "mythologises" historical events in the service of these social purposes in an otherwise rapidly changing <a href="/wiki/Modern_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Modern world">modern world</a>.</p><blockquote><p> It is always integral and common... that the Law (<a href="/wiki/Dreamtime#The_Dreaming,_Tribal_Law_&_Songlines" class="mw-redirect" title="Dreamtime">Aboriginal law</a>) is something derived from ancestral peoples or Dreamings and is passed down the generations in a continuous line. While... entitlements of particular human beings may come and go, the underlying relationships between foundational Dreamings and certain landscapes are theoretically eternal ... the entitlements of people to places are usually regarded strongest when those people enjoy a relationship of identity with one or more Dreamings of that place. This is an identity of spirit, a <a href="/wiki/Consubstantiality" title="Consubstantiality">consubstantiality</a>, rather than a matter of mere belief...: the Dreaming pre-exists and persists, while its human incarnations are temporary.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESutton2003113,_117_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESutton2003113,_117-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="An_Aboriginal_generalisation">An Aboriginal generalisation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Aboriginal_religion_and_mythology&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: An Aboriginal generalisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#ccccff;"><a href="/wiki/Myth" title="Myth">Mythology</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mythologies" title="List of mythologies">Mythologies</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian mythology">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabian mythology">Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_mythology" title="Armenian mythology">Armenian</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aboriginal Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Berber_religion" title="Traditional Berber religion">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_mythology" title="Baltic mythology">Baltic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Latvian_mythology" title="Latvian mythology">Latvian</a> - <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_mythology" title="Lithuanian mythology">Lithuanian</a> - <a href="/wiki/Prussian_mythology" title="Prussian mythology">Prussian</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_mythology" title="Basque mythology">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantu_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantu mythology">Bantu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_mythology" title="Brazilian mythology">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_mythology" title="Buddhist mythology">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan mythology">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantabrian_mythology" title="Cantabrian mythology">Cantabrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_mythology" title="Celtic mythology">Celtic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breton_mythology" title="Breton mythology">Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_mythology" title="Cornish mythology">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_mythology" title="Irish mythology">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_mythology" title="Scottish mythology">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_mythology" title="Welsh mythology">Welsh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_mythology" title="Chinese mythology">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efik_mythology" title="Efik mythology">Efik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_mythology" title="Egyptian mythology">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_mythology" title="English mythology">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_mythology" title="Estonian mythology">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_religion" title="Etruscan religion">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_mythology" title="Finnish mythology">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythology_in_France" title="Mythology in France">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_mythology" title="Georgian mythology">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_mythology" title="Germanic mythology">Germanic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frankish_paganism" title="Frankish paganism">Frankish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Germanic_mythology" title="Continental Germanic mythology">Continental Germanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norse_mythology" title="Norse mythology">Norse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_paganism" title="Anglo-Saxon paganism">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_paganism" title="Gothic paganism">Gothic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanches#Religion_and_mythology" title="Guanches">Guanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_mythology" title="Hindu mythology">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_mythology_and_religion" title="Hittite mythology and religion">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_mythology" title="Hungarian mythology">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythology_of_Indonesia" title="Mythology of Indonesia">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythology_of_Italy" title="Mythology of Italy">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_mythology" title="Japanese mythology">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongo_religion" title="Kongo religion">Kongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_mythology" title="Korean mythology">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugbara_mythology" title="Lugbara mythology">Lugbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusitanian_mythology" title="Lusitanian mythology">Lusitanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maasai_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Maasai mythology">Maasai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malagasy_mythology" title="Malagasy mythology">Malagasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_mythology" title="Māori mythology">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbuti_mythology" title="Mbuti mythology">Mbuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_mythology" title="Meitei mythology">Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesian_mythology" title="Melanesian mythology">Melanesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_mythology" title="Mesopotamian mythology">Mesopotamian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_mythology" title="Micronesian mythology">Micronesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_mythology" title="Mongol mythology">Mongol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American mythology">Native American</a> <ul><li>Algonquian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abenaki_mythology" title="Abenaki mythology">Abenaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_mythology" title="Blackfoot mythology">Blackfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenape_mythology" title="Lenape mythology">Lenape</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_mythology" title="Aztec mythology">Aztec</a></li> <li>Californian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miwok_mythology" title="Miwok mythology">Miwok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohlone_mythology" title="Ohlone mythology">Ohlone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chan%C3%A1_mythology" title="Chaná mythology">Chaná</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilote_mythology" title="Chilote mythology">Chilote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choctaw_mythology" title="Choctaw mythology">Choctaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creek_mythology" title="Creek mythology">Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guarani_mythology" title="Guarani mythology">Guarani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haida_mythology" title="Haida mythology">Haida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_mythology" title="Inca mythology">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Inuit mythology">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iroquois_mythology" title="Iroquois mythology">Iroquois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_mythology" title="Maya mythology">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_mythology" title="Muisca mythology">Muisca</a></li> <li>Pacific Northwest <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kwakwaka%CA%BCwakw_mythology" title="Kwakwakaʼwakw mythology">Kwakwakaʼwakw</a></li></ul></li> <li>Plains Indians <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ho-Chunk_mythology" title="Ho-Chunk mythology">Ho-Chunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakota_mythology" title="Lakota mythology">Lakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawnee_mythology" title="Pawnee mythology">Pawnee</a></li></ul></li> <li>Puebloan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hopi_mythology" title="Hopi mythology">Hopi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuni_mythology" title="Zuni mythology">Zuni</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selk%27nam_mythology" title="Selk'nam mythology">Selk'nam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talamancan_mythology" title="Talamancan mythology">Talamancan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossetian_mythology" title="Ossetian mythology">Ossetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papuan_mythology" title="Papuan mythology">Papuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_mythology" title="Persian mythology">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_mythology" title="Philippine mythology">Philippine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_mythology" title="Polynesian mythology">Polynesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European_mythology" title="Proto-Indo-European mythology">Proto-Indo-European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Uralic_religion" title="Proto-Uralic religion">Proto-Uralic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_mythology" title="Roman mythology">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian mythology">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_shamanism" title="Sámi shamanism">Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavic mythology">Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_mythology" title="Somali mythology">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talysh_mythology" title="Talysh mythology">Talysh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_folk_religion" title="Tai folk religion">Tai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thai_folklore" title="Thai folklore">Thai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_mythology" title="Tibetan mythology">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkic_mythology" title="Turkic mythology">Turkic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_mythology" title="Vietnamese mythology">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_African_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="West African religion">West African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_religion" title="Yoruba religion">Yoruba</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Types</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creation_myth" title="Creation myth">Creation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flood_myth" title="Flood myth">Flood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_myth" title="National myth">National</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_myth" title="Origin myth">Origin</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Lists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_creation_myths" title="List of creation myths">Creations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_legendary_creatures" title="Lists of legendary creatures">Creatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_deities" title="Lists of deities">Deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_feral_children" title="List of fictional feral children">Feral children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flood_myths" title="List of flood myths">Floods</a></li> <li>Heroes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_culture_heroes" title="List of culture heroes">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_folk_heroes" title="List of folk heroes">Folk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mythological_objects" title="List of mythological objects">Objects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mythological_pairs" title="List of mythological pairs">Pairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mythological_places" title="List of mythological places">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mythology_books_and_sources" title="List of mythology books and sources">Sources</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Related concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deity" title="Deity">Deity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legendary_creature" title="Legendary creature">Legendary creature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_legendary_creatures_by_type" title="List of legendary creatures by type">Type</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legendary_progenitor" title="Legendary progenitor">Legendary progenitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twins_in_mythology" title="Twins in mythology">Twins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_hero" title="Culture hero">Culture hero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_hero" title="Folk hero">Folk hero</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">See also</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_mythology" title="Comparative mythology">Comparative mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_religion" title="Comparative religion">Comparative religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euhemerism" title="Euhemerism">Euhemerism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">Folklore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_world_folk-epics" title="List of world folk-epics">Epics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_mythology" title="Lower mythology">Lower mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-mythology" title="Pseudo-mythology">Pseudo-mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_mythology" title="Religion and mythology">Religion and mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol">Symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">Theology</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mythology" title="Template:Mythology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mythology" title="Template talk:Mythology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mythology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mythology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Aboriginal specialists willing to generalise believe all Aboriginal myths across Australia, in combination, represent a kind of unwritten (<a href="/wiki/Orality" title="Orality">oral</a>) library within which Aboriginal peoples learn about the world and perceive a peculiarly Aboriginal 'reality' dictated by concepts and values vastly different from those of <a href="/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture">western societies</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris199571_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris199571-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>Aboriginal people learned from their stories that a society must not be human-centred but rather land centred, otherwise they forget their source and purpose ... humans are prone to exploitative behaviour if not constantly reminded they are interconnected with the rest of creation, that they as individuals are only temporal in time, and past and future generations must be included in their perception of their purpose in life.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris199571_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris199571-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <blockquote><p>People come and go but the Land, and stories about the Land, stay. This is a wisdom that takes lifetimes of listening, observing and experiencing ... There is a deep understanding of human nature and the environment... sites hold 'feelings' which cannot be described in physical terms... subtle feelings that resonate through the bodies of these people... It is only when talking and being with these people that these 'feelings' can truly be appreciated. This is... the intangible reality of these people...<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris199571_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris199571-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sacred_sites">Sacred sites</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Aboriginal_religion_and_mythology&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sacred sites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_sacred_sites" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Aboriginal sacred sites">Australian Aboriginal sacred sites</a></div> <p>Aboriginal people observe some places as sacred, owing to their central place in the mythology of the local people.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAboriginal_Areas_Protection_Authority_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAboriginal_Areas_Protection_Authority-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pan-Australian_mythology">Pan-Australian mythology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Aboriginal_religion_and_mythology&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Pan-Australian mythology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rainbow_Serpent">Rainbow Serpent</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Aboriginal_religion_and_mythology&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Rainbow Serpent"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Serpent" title="Rainbow Serpent">Rainbow Serpent</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Australian-Carpet-Python.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Australian-Carpet-Python.jpg/210px-Australian-Carpet-Python.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Australian-Carpet-Python.jpg/315px-Australian-Carpet-Python.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Australian-Carpet-Python.jpg/420px-Australian-Carpet-Python.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Australian <a href="/wiki/Carpet_python" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpet python">carpet python</a>, one of the forms the 'Rainbow Serpent' character may take in 'Rainbow Serpent' myths</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1926 a British anthropologist specialising in Australian Aboriginal <a href="/wiki/Ethnology" title="Ethnology">ethnology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ethnography" title="Ethnography">ethnography</a>, Professor <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Radcliffe-Brown" title="Alfred Radcliffe-Brown">Alfred Radcliffe-Brown</a>, noted many Aboriginal groups widely distributed across the Australian continent all appeared to share variations of a single (common) myth telling of an unusually powerful, often creative, often dangerous snake or serpent of sometimes enormous size closely associated with the rainbows, rain, rivers, and deep waterholes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadcliffe-Brown192619–25_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadcliffe-Brown192619–25-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Radcliffe-Brown coined the term 'Rainbow Serpent' to describe what he identified to be a common, recurring myth. Working in the field in various places on the Australian continent, he noted the key character of this myth (the 'Rainbow Serpent') is variously named:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadcliffe-Brown192619–25_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadcliffe-Brown192619–25-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Kanmare</i> (<a href="/wiki/Boulia,_Queensland" title="Boulia, Queensland">Boulia, Queensland</a>); <i>Tulloun</i>: (<a href="/wiki/Mount_Isa" title="Mount Isa">Mount Isa</a>); <i>Andrenjinyi</i> (<a href="/wiki/Pennefather_River" title="Pennefather River">Pennefather River</a>, Queensland), <i>Takkan</i> (<a href="/wiki/Maryborough,_Queensland" title="Maryborough, Queensland">Maryborough, Queensland</a>); <i>Targan</i> (<a href="/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane">Brisbane</a>, Queensland); <i>Kurreah</i> (<a href="/wiki/Broken_Hill,_New_South_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Broken Hill, New South Wales">Broken Hill, New South Wales</a>);<i>Wawi</i> (<a href="/wiki/Riverina" title="Riverina">Riverina</a>, New South Wales), <i>Neitee & Yeutta</i> (<a href="/wiki/Wilcannia,_New_South_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilcannia, New South Wales">Wilcannia, New South Wales</a>), <i>Myndie</i> (<a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, Victoria); <i>Bunyip</i> (Western <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)#Geography_and_geology" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a>); <i><a href="/wiki/The_Arkaroo" class="mw-redirect" title="The Arkaroo">Arkaroo</a></i> (Flinders Ranges, South Australia); <i><a href="/wiki/Wagyl" title="Wagyl">Wogal</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Perth" title="Perth">Perth</a>, Western Australia); <i>Wanamangura</i> (<a href="/wiki/Shire_of_Laverton" title="Shire of Laverton">Laverton, Western Australia</a>); <i>Kajura</i> (<a href="/wiki/Shire_of_Carnarvon" title="Shire of Carnarvon">Carnarvon, Western Australia</a>); <i>Numereji</i> (<a href="/wiki/Kakadu_National_Park" title="Kakadu National Park">Kakadu, Northern Territory</a>). </p><p>This 'Rainbow Serpent' is generally and variously identified by those who tell 'Rainbow Serpent' myths, as a snake of some enormous size often living within the deepest waterholes of many of Australia's waterways; descended from that larger being visible as a dark streak in the <a href="/wiki/Milky_Way" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a>, it reveals itself to people in this world as a rainbow as it moves through water and rain, shaping landscapes, naming and singing of places, swallowing and sometimes drowning people; strengthening the knowledgeable with rainmaking and healing powers; blighting others with sores, weakness, illness, and death.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadcliffe-Brown192619–25_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadcliffe-Brown192619–25-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Even Australia's '<a href="/wiki/Bunyip" title="Bunyip">Bunyip</a>' was identified as a 'Rainbow Serpent' myth of the above kind.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadcliffe-Brown192622_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERadcliffe-Brown192622-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term coined by Radcliffe-Brown is now commonly used and familiar to broader Australian and international audiences, as it is increasingly used by government agencies, museums, art galleries, Aboriginal organisations and the media to refer to the pan-Australian Aboriginal myth specifically, and as a shorthand allusion to Australian Aboriginal mythology generally.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Captain_Cook">Captain Cook</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Aboriginal_religion_and_mythology&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Captain Cook"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">James Cook</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:James_Cook_statue_closeup_574.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/James_Cook_statue_closeup_574.JPG/150px-James_Cook_statue_closeup_574.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/James_Cook_statue_closeup_574.JPG/225px-James_Cook_statue_closeup_574.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/James_Cook_statue_closeup_574.JPG/300px-James_Cook_statue_closeup_574.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a><figcaption>Statue of Captain James Cook at <a href="/wiki/Admiralty_Arch" title="Admiralty Arch">Admiralty Arch</a>, London</figcaption></figure> <p>A number of linguists, anthropologists and others have formally documented another common Aboriginal myth occurring across Australia. Predecessors of the myth tellers encounter a mythical, exotic (most often English) character who arrives from the sea, bringing western <a href="/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism">colonialism</a>, either offering gifts to the performer's predecessors or bringing great harm upon the performer's predecessors.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaddock198820_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaddock198820-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This key mythical character is most often named "Captain Cook", this being a mythical character shared with the broader Australian community, who also attribute <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">James Cook</a> with playing a key role in colonising Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaddock198827_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaddock198827-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Aboriginal Captain Cook is attributed with bringing British rule to Australia,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon19961–3_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon19961–3-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but his arrival is not celebrated. More often within the Aboriginal telling, he proves to be a <a href="/wiki/Villain" title="Villain">villain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaddock198827_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaddock198827-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The many Aboriginal versions of this Captain Cook are rarely oral recollections of encounters with the <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant" title="Lieutenant">Lieutenant</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">James Cook</a> who first navigated and mapped Australia's east coast on <a href="/wiki/HM_Bark_Endeavour" class="mw-redirect" title="HM Bark Endeavour">HM Bark <i>Endeavour</i></a> in 1770. <a href="/wiki/Guugu_Yimithirr_people" title="Guugu Yimithirr people">Guugu Yimidhirr</a> predecessors, along the <a href="/wiki/Endeavour_River" title="Endeavour River">Endeavour River</a>, did encounter James Cook during a 7-week period beached at the site of the present town of <a href="/wiki/Cooktown" class="mw-redirect" title="Cooktown">Cooktown</a> while the <i>Endeavour</i> was being repaired.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHough1994150–155_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHough1994150–155-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From this time the Guugu Yimidhirr did receive present-day names for places occurring in their local landscape; and the Guugu Yimmidhir recollect this encounter. </p><p>The pan-Australian Captain Cook myth, however, tells of a generic, largely symbolic British character who arrives from across the oceans sometime after the Aboriginal world was formed and the original social order founded. This Captain Cook is a harbinger of dramatic transformations in the social order, bringing change and a different social order, into which present-day audiences have been born.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaddock198827_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaddock198827-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (see <a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_mythology#An_Anthropological_generalisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Aboriginal mythology">above</a> regarding this social function played by Aboriginal myths) </p><p>In 1988 Australian anthropologist <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Maddock" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenneth Maddock">Kenneth Maddock</a> assembled several versions of this Captain Cook myth as recorded from a number of Aboriginal groups around Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaddock198813–19_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaddock198813–19-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Included in his assemblage are: </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Batemans_Bay,_New_South_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Batemans Bay, New South Wales">Batemans Bay, New South Wales</a>:</b> Percy Mumbulla told of Captain Cook's arriving on a large ship which anchored at <a href="/wiki/Snapper_Island_(New_South_Wales)" title="Snapper Island (New South Wales)">Snapper Island</a>, from which he disembarked to give the myth-teller's predecessors clothes (to wear) and hard biscuits (to eat). Then he returned to his ship and sailed away. Mumbulla told how his predecessors rejected Captain Cook's gifts, throwing them into the sea.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobinson197029–30_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobinson197029–30-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Cardwell,_Queensland" title="Cardwell, Queensland">Cardwell, Queensland</a>:</b> Chloe Grant and Rosie Runaway told of how Captain Cook and his group seemed to stand up out of the sea with the white skin of ancestral spirits, returning to their descendants. Captain Cook arrived first offering a pipe and <a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a> to smoke (which was dismissed as a 'burning thing... stuck in his mouth'), then boiling a billy of <a href="/wiki/Tea" title="Tea">tea</a> (which was dismissed as <a href="/wiki/Scalding" title="Scalding">scalding</a> 'dirty water'), next baking <a href="/wiki/Flour" title="Flour">flour</a> on the coals (which was rejected as smelling 'stale' and thrown away untasted), finally boiling <a href="/wiki/Beef" title="Beef">beef</a> (which smelled well, and tasted okay, once the salty skin was wiped off). Captain Cook and group then left, sailing away to the north, leaving Chloe Grant and Rosie Runaway's predecessors beating the ground with their fists, fearfully sorry to see the spirits of their ancestors depart in this way.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1996_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon1996-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>South-eastern side of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Carpentaria" title="Gulf of Carpentaria">Gulf of Carpentaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a>:</b> Rolly Gilbert told of how Captain Cook and others sailed the oceans in a boat, and decided to come to see Australia. There he encountered a couple of Rolly's predecessors whom he first intended to shoot, but instead tricked them into revealing the local population's main camping area, after which they:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaddock198817_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaddock198817-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <blockquote><p>set up the people [cattle industry] to go down the countryside and shoot people down, just like animal, they left them lying there for the hawks and crows... So a lot of old people and young people were struck by the head with the end of a gun and left there. They wanted to get the people wiped out because Europeans in Queensland had to run their stock: horses and cattle.</p></blockquote> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Victoria_River_(Northern_Territory)" title="Victoria River (Northern Territory)">Victoria River</a>:</b> it is told in a Captain Cook <a href="/wiki/Saga" title="Saga">saga</a> that Captain Cook sailed from London to <a href="/wiki/Sydney" title="Sydney">Sydney</a> to acquire land. Admiring the country, he landed <a href="/wiki/Cattle" title="Cattle">bullocks</a> and men with <a href="/wiki/Firearm" title="Firearm">firearms</a>, following which local Aboriginal peoples in the Sydney area were massacred. Captain Cook made his way to <a href="/wiki/Darwin,_Northern_Territory" title="Darwin, Northern Territory">Darwin</a>, where he sent armed horsemen to hunt down the Aboriginal people in the Victoria River country, founding the city of Darwin and giving police plus cattle station managers orders on how to treat Aboriginal people.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERose198424–39_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERose198424–39-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b> <a href="/wiki/Kimberley_(Western_Australia)" title="Kimberley (Western Australia)">Kimberley</a>:</b> Numerous Aboriginal myth-tellers say that Captain Cook is a European culture hero who landed in Australia. Using gunpowder, he set a precedent for the treatment of Aboriginal peoples throughout Australia, including the Kimberley. On returning to his home, he claimed he had not seen any Aboriginal peoples, and advised that the country was a vast and empty land which settlers could come and claim for themselves. In this myth, Captain Cook introduced 'Cook's Law', upon which the settlers rely. The Aboriginal people note, however, that this is a recent, unjust and false law compared to Aboriginal law.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolig198023–27_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolig198023–27-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Views_on_death">Views on death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Aboriginal_religion_and_mythology&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Views on death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The response to death in Aboriginal religion may seem similar in some respects to that to be found in European traditions - notably in regard to the holding of a <a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_ceremony" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Aboriginal ceremony">ceremony</a> to mark the death of an individual and the observance of a period of mourning for that individual. Any such similarity, however, is, at best, only superficial (with ceremony and mourning of some kind being common to most, if not all, human cultures). In death - as in life - Aboriginal spirituality gives pre-eminence to the land and sees the deceased as linked indissolubly, by a web of subtle connections, to that greater whole: "For Aboriginal people when a person dies some form of the persons spirit and also their bones go back to the country they were born in".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBird_Rose2003163–168_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBird_Rose2003163–168-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Aborigine people [sic] believe that they share their being with their country and all that is within it". "So when a person dies their country suffers, trees die and become scarred because it is believed that they came into being because of the deceased person".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBird_Rose2003163–168_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBird_Rose2003163–168-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When an Aboriginal person dies the families have death ceremonies called the "<b>Sorry Business</b>". During this time the person is mourned for days by the family and whole community, crying together and sharing their grief. Often the deceased person's family stay in one room and mourn together.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKorff2019_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKorff2019-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Naming a person after their death is often taboo, as it is thought that it could disturb their spirit. Photos of the deceased are often not allowed, for the same reason. A <a href="/wiki/Smoking_ceremony" title="Smoking ceremony">smoking ceremony</a> may be conducted, using smoke on the belongings and in the home of the deceased, which is believed to aid in releasing the spirit. The cause of death, often of a spiritual nature, may be determined by <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_elder" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal elder">Aboriginal elders</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKorff2019_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKorff2019-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ceremonies and mourning periods can last days, weeks and even sometimes months depending upon the social status of the deceased person. It is culturally inappropriate for a non-Aboriginal person to contact and inform the next of kin of a person's passing. When someone passes away, the family of the deceased move out of their house and another family then moves in. Some families will move to "sorry camps", which are usually further away. Mourning includes the recital of symbolic chants, the singing of songs, dance, body paint, and cuts on the bodies of the mourners. In some Aboriginal cultures, the body is placed on a raised platform for several months, covered in native plants, or in a cave or tree. When only the bones remain, family and friends scatter them in various ways, or place them in a special place.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKorff2019_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKorff2019-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many Aboriginal people believe in a place called the "Land of the Dead". This place was also commonly known as the "sky-world", which is really just the sky. As long as certain rituals were carried out during their life and at the time of their death, the deceased is allowed to enter The Land of the Dead in the "Sky World". The spirit of the dead is also a part of different lands and sites and then those areas become <a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_sacred_sites" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Aboriginal sacred sites">sacred sites</a>. This explains why the Aboriginal people are very protective of sites they call sacred. </p><p>The rituals that are performed enable an Aboriginal person to return to the womb of all time, which is "Dreamtime". It allows the spirit to be connected once more to all nature, to all their ancestors, and to their own personal meaning and place within the scheme of things. "The Dreamtime is a return to the real existence for the aborigine". "Life in time is simply a passing phase – a gap in eternity". It has a beginning and it has an end. "The experience of Dreamtime, whether through ritual or from dreams, flowed through into the life in time in practical ways". "The individual who enters the Dreamtime feels no separation between themselves and their ancestors". "The strengths and resources of the timeless enter into what is needed in the life of the present". "The future is less uncertain because the individual feels their life as a continuum linking past and future in unbroken connection". Through Dreamtime the limitations of time and space are overcome.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDream_Beliefs_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDream_Beliefs-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the Aboriginal people, dead relatives are very much a part of continuing life. It is believed that in dreams dead relatives communicate their presence." At times they may bring healing if the dreamer is in pain". "Death is seen as part of a cycle of life in which one emerges from Dreamtime through birth, and eventually returns to the timeless, only to emerge again. It is also a common belief that a person leaves their body during sleep, and temporarily enters the Dreamtime".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDream_Beliefs_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDream_Beliefs-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Link_to_astronomy">Link to astronomy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Aboriginal_religion_and_mythology&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Link to astronomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_astronomy" title="Australian Aboriginal astronomy">Australian Aboriginal astronomy</a></div> <p>There are many songlines which include reference to the stars, planets and the Moon, although the complex systems which go to make up <a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_astronomy" title="Australian Aboriginal astronomy">Australian Aboriginal astronomy</a> also serve practical purposes, such as navigation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Group-specific_mythology">Group-specific mythology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Aboriginal_religion_and_mythology&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Group-specific mythology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yolngu">Yolngu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Aboriginal_religion_and_mythology&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Yolngu"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Yolngu#Yolŋu_culture,_law_and_mythology" title="Yolngu">Yolngu § Yolŋu culture, law and mythology</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Murrinh-Patha_people">Murrinh-Patha people</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Aboriginal_religion_and_mythology&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Murrinh-Patha people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table align="right"> <tbody><tr> <td> <div class="floatnone noresize" style="position: relative; width: 250px;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 100px; top: 25px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wadeye"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/4px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/6px-Locator_Dot.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 2x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></span></span></div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Australia_Locator_Blank.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Australia"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Australia_Locator_Blank.svg/250px-Australia_Locator_Blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Australia_Locator_Blank.svg/375px-Australia_Locator_Blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Australia_Locator_Blank.svg/500px-Australia_Locator_Blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="290" data-file-height="262" /></a></span></div> <p>Murrinh-Patha people's country<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Brabander1994_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Brabander1994-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Murrinh-Patha" title="Murrinh-Patha">Murrinh-Patha</a> people (whose country is the saltwater country immediately inland from the town of <a href="/wiki/Wadeye,_Northern_Territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Wadeye, Northern Territory">Wadeye</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Brabander1994_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Brabander1994-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) describe a <a href="/wiki/Dreamtime" class="mw-redirect" title="Dreamtime">Dreamtime</a> in their myths which anthropologists believe is a religious belief equivalent to, though wholly different from, most of the world's other significant religious beliefs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYengoyan1979_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYengoyan1979-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In particular, scholars suggest the Murrinh-Patha have a oneness of thought, belief, and expression unequalled within <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, as they see all aspects of their lives, thoughts and culture as under the continuing influence of their Dreaming.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYengoyan1979_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYengoyan1979-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within this Aboriginal religion, no distinction is drawn between things spiritual/ideal/mental and things material; nor is any distinction drawn between things sacred and things profane: rather all life is 'sacred', all conduct has 'moral' implication, and all life's meaning arises out of this eternal, everpresent <a href="/wiki/Dreaming_(story)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dreaming (story)">Dreaming</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYengoyan1979_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYengoyan1979-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote><p>In fact, the isomorphic fit between the natural and supernatural means that all nature is coded and charged by the <a href="/wiki/Sacred" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred">sacred</a>, while the sacred is everywhere within the physical landscape. Myths and mythic tracks cross over.. thousands of miles, and every particular form and feature of the terrain has a well-developed 'story' behind it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYengoyan1979406_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYengoyan1979406-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Animating and sustaining this Murrinh-patha mythology is an underlying philosophy of life that has been characterised by <a href="/wiki/Bill_Stanner" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Stanner">Stanner</a> as a belief that life is "... a joyous thing with <a href="/wiki/Maggots" class="mw-redirect" title="Maggots">maggots</a> at its centre."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYengoyan1979_38-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYengoyan1979-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Life is good and benevolent, but throughout life's journey, there are numerous painful sufferings that each individual must come to understand and endure as he grows. This is the underlying message repeatedly being told within the Murrinh-patha myths. It is this philosophy that gives Murrinh-patha people motive and meaning in life.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYengoyan1979_38-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYengoyan1979-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The following Murrinh-patha myth, for instance, is performed in Murrinh-patha ceremonies to initiate young men into adulthood. </p> <blockquote><p>"A woman, <i>Mutjinga</i> (the 'Old Woman'), was in charge of young children, but instead of watching out for them during their parents' absence, she swallowed them and tried to escape as a giant snake. The people followed her, spearing her and removing the undigested children from the body."<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <p>Within the myth and in its performance, young, unadorned children must first be swallowed by an ancestral being (who transforms into a <a href="#Rainbow_Serpent">giant snake</a>), then regurgitated before being accepted as young adults with all the rights and privileges of young adults.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoepping1981377–378_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoepping1981377–378-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pintupi_people">Pintupi people</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Aboriginal_religion_and_mythology&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Pintupi people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table align="right"> <tbody><tr> <td> <div class="floatnone noresize" style="position: relative; width: 250px;"><div style="position: absolute; left: 95px; top: 85px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Gibson Desert"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/4px-Locator_Dot.png" decoding="async" width="4" height="4" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png/6px-Locator_Dot.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Locator_Dot.png 2x" data-file-width="8" data-file-height="8" /></span></span></div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Australia_Locator_Blank.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Australia"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Australia_Locator_Blank.svg/250px-Australia_Locator_Blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Australia_Locator_Blank.svg/375px-Australia_Locator_Blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Australia_Locator_Blank.svg/500px-Australia_Locator_Blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="290" data-file-height="262" /></a></span></div> <p>Pintupi people's country </p> </td></tr></tbody></table><p> Scholars of the <a href="/wiki/Pintupi" title="Pintupi">Pintupi</a> peoples (from within Australia's <a href="/wiki/Gibson_Desert" title="Gibson Desert">Gibson Desert</a> region) believe they have a predominantly 'mythic' form of <a href="/wiki/Consciousness" title="Consciousness">consciousness</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERumsey1994116–128_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERumsey1994116–128-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> within which events occur and are explained by the preordained social structures and orders told of, sung about, and performed within their superhuman mythology, rather than by reference to the possible accumulated political actions, decisions and influences of local individuals (i.e. this understanding effectively 'erases' history).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMyers1986_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMyers1986-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><blockquote><p>The Dreaming.. provides a <a href="/wiki/Moral_authority" title="Moral authority">moral authority</a> lying outside the individual will and outside human creation.. although the Dreaming as an ordering of the cosmos is presumably a product of historical events, such an origin is denied.</p></blockquote> <blockquote><p>These human creations are objectified – thrust out – into principles or precedents for the immediate world.. Consequently, current action is not understood as the result of human alliances, creations, and choices, but is seen as imposed by an embracing, cosmic order.</p></blockquote> <p>Within this Pintupi <a href="/wiki/World_view" class="mw-redirect" title="World view">world view</a>, three long geographical tracks of named places dominate, being interrelated strings of significant places named and created by mythic characters on their routes through the Pintupi desert region during the Dreaming. It is a complex mythology of narratives, songs and ceremonies known to the Pintupi as <a href="/wiki/Tingari" title="Tingari"><i>Tingarri</i></a>. It is most completely told and performed by Pintupi peoples at larger gatherings within Pintupi country.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Brabander1984_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Brabander1984-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Newer_belief_systems">Newer belief systems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Aboriginal_religion_and_mythology&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Newer belief systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In principle, census information could identify the extent of traditional Aboriginal beliefs compared to other belief systems such as <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>; however the official census in Australia does not include traditional Aboriginal beliefs as a religion, and includes <a href="/wiki/Torres_Strait_Islanders" title="Torres Strait Islanders">Torres Strait Islanders</a>, a separate group of <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Indigenous Australians</a>, in most of the counts.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHousehold_Census_form2001_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHousehold_Census_form2001-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1991 census, almost 74 percent of Aboriginal respondents identified with Christianity, up from 67 percent in the 1986 census. The wording of the question changed for the 1991 census; as the religion question is optional, the number of respondents reduced.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEABoS_4102.01994_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEABoS_4102.01994-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1996 census reported that almost 72 percent of Aboriginal people practised some form of Christianity, and that 16 percent listed no religion. The 2001 census contained no comparable updated data.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEABoS_2901.01996_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEABoS_2901.01996-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Aboriginal population also includes a small number of followers of other mainstream religions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMercer2003_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMercer2003-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarks2003_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarks2003-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Aboriginal_religion_and_mythology&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_culture" title="Australian Aboriginal culture">Australian Aboriginal culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_medicine" title="Bush medicine">Bush medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_landscape" title="Cultural landscape">Cultural landscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians#Belief_systems" title="Indigenous Australians">Indigenous Australians § Belief systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australian_literature" title="Indigenous Australian literature">Indigenous Australian literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australian_traditional_custodianship" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous Australian traditional custodianship">Indigenous Australian traditional custodianship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinkan_rock_art" title="Quinkan rock art">Quinkan rock art</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Aboriginal_religion_and_mythology&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="/wiki/Lake_Euramoo" title="Lake Euramoo">Lake Euramoo</a> for an excerpt of the original myth, translated.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Serpent#External_links" title="Rainbow Serpent">Rainbow Serpent#External links</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Aboriginal_religion_and_mythology&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon197229-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon197229_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDixon1972">Dixon 1972</a>, p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon1996-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1996_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1996_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1996_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon1996_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDixon1996">Dixon 1996</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENASO-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENASO_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNASO">NASO</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAHD105689-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAHD105689_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAHD105689">AHD105689</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPannell200611-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPannell200611_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPannell2006">Pannell 2006</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENunn2017-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENunn2017_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNunn2017">Nunn 2017</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECohenMarkFallonStephenson201779–91-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECohenMarkFallonStephenson201779–91_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCohenMarkFallonStephenson2017">Cohen et al. 2017</a>, pp. 79–91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris1995-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris1995_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorris1995">Morris 1995</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerndt1994-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerndt1994_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerndt1994_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerndt1994">Berndt 1994</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVan_Gennep1906-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVan_Gennep1906_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVan_Gennep1906">Van Gennep 1906</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/David_Horton_(writer)" title="David Horton (writer)">Horton, David</a>(1994) <i>Encyclopaedia of Aboriginal Australia</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDonaldson1994-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDonaldson1994_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDonaldson1994">Donaldson 1994</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIndymedia_map-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIndymedia_map_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIndymedia_map">Indymedia map</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETindale_map-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETindale_map_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTindale_map">Tindale map</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESmyth19943,_6-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmyth19943,_6_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSmyth1994">Smyth 1994</a>, pp. 3, 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckett199497–115-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckett199497–115_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeckett1994">Beckett 1994</a>, pp. 97–115.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatson1994-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatson1994_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWatson1994">Watson 1994</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESutton2003113,_117-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESutton2003113,_117_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSutton2003">Sutton 2003</a>, pp. 113, 117.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorris199571-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris199571_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris199571_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorris199571_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorris1995">Morris 1995</a>, p. 71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAboriginal_Areas_Protection_Authority-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAboriginal_Areas_Protection_Authority_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAboriginal_Areas_Protection_Authority">Aboriginal Areas Protection Authority</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERadcliffe-Brown192619–25-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadcliffe-Brown192619–25_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadcliffe-Brown192619–25_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadcliffe-Brown192619–25_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRadcliffe-Brown1926">Radcliffe-Brown 1926</a>, pp. 19–25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERadcliffe-Brown192622-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERadcliffe-Brown192622_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRadcliffe-Brown1926">Radcliffe-Brown 1926</a>, p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaddock198820-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaddock198820_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMaddock1988">Maddock 1988</a>, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaddock198827-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaddock198827_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaddock198827_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaddock198827_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMaddock1988">Maddock 1988</a>, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDixon19961–3-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDixon19961–3_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDixon1996">Dixon 1996</a>, pp. 1–3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHough1994150–155-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHough1994150–155_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHough1994">Hough 1994</a>, pp. 150–155.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaddock198813–19-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaddock198813–19_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMaddock1988">Maddock 1988</a>, pp. 13–19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERobinson197029–30-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobinson197029–30_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRobinson1970">Robinson 1970</a>, pp. 29–30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaddock198817-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaddock198817_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMaddock1988">Maddock 1988</a>, p. 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERose198424–39-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERose198424–39_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRose1984">Rose 1984</a>, pp. 24–39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKolig198023–27-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKolig198023–27_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKolig1980">Kolig 1980</a>, pp. 23–27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBird_Rose2003163–168-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBird_Rose2003163–168_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBird_Rose2003163–168_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBird_Rose2003">Bird Rose 2003</a>, pp. 163–168.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKorff2019-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKorff2019_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKorff2019_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKorff2019_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKorff2019">Korff 2019</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDream_Beliefs-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDream_Beliefs_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDream_Beliefs_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDream_Beliefs">Dream Beliefs</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Brabander1994-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Brabander1994_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Brabander1994_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFde_Brabander1994">de Brabander 1994</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYengoyan1979-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYengoyan1979_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYengoyan1979_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYengoyan1979_38-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYengoyan1979_38-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYengoyan1979_38-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYengoyan1979">Yengoyan 1979</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYengoyan1979406-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYengoyan1979406_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYengoyan1979">Yengoyan 1979</a>, p. 406.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStanner1966">Stanner 1966</a>, pp. 40–43, as summarised and cited by <a href="#CITEREFKoepping1981">Koepping 1981</a>, p. 378</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKoepping1981377–378-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKoepping1981377–378_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKoepping1981">Koepping 1981</a>, pp. 377–378.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERumsey1994116–128-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERumsey1994116–128_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRumsey1994">Rumsey 1994</a>, pp. 116–128.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMyers1986-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMyers1986_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMyers1986">Myers 1986</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Brabander1984-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Brabander1984_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDe_Brabander1984">De Brabander 1984</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHousehold_Census_form2001-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHousehold_Census_form2001_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHousehold_Census_form2001">Household Census form 2001</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEABoS_4102.01994-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEABoS_4102.01994_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFABoS_4102.01994">ABoS 4102.0 1994</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEABoS_2901.01996-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEABoS_2901.01996_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFABoS_2901.01996">ABoS 2901.0 1996</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMercer2003-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMercer2003_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMercer2003">Mercer 2003</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMarks2003-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMarks2003_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMarks2003">Marks 2003</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Aboriginal_religion_and_mythology&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHousehold_Census_form2001" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200116101453/https://www.abs.gov.au/Websitedbs/D3110124.NSF/497f562f857fcc30ca256eb00001b48e/22f6a467477b2e46ca256b12007e8ee2/$FILE/questionnaire.pdf">"2001 Census of Population and Housing - 2001 Census Household Form"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Australian Bureau of Statistics">Australian Bureau of Statistics</a>. 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abs.gov.au/Websitedbs/D3110124.NSF/497f562f857fcc30ca256eb00001b48e/22f6a467477b2e46ca256b12007e8ee2/$FILE/questionnaire.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 16 January 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Melbourne: Penguin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0892815180" title="Special:BookSources/978-0892815180"><bdi>978-0892815180</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Speaking+Land%3A+Myth+and+Story+in+Aboriginal+Australia&rft.place=Melbourne&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0892815180&rft.aulast=Berndt&rft.aufirst=R.+M.&rft.au=Berndt%2C+C.+H&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Aboriginal+religion+and+mythology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBird_Rose2003" class="citation book cs1">Bird Rose, Deborah (2003). <i>Experiences of Place (Religions of the World)</i>. 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Sydney: Lansdowne Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7018-1330-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7018-1330-X"><bdi>0-7018-1330-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Australian+Dreaming%3A+40%2C000+Years+of+Aboriginal+History&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pub=Lansdowne+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-7018-1330-X&rft.aulast=Isaacs&rft.aufirst=J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Aboriginal+religion+and+mythology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoepping1981" class="citation book cs1">Koepping, Klaus-Peter (1981). "Religion in Aboriginal Australia". <i>Religion</i>. 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Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press. pp. 11–30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85575-190-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-85575-190-8"><bdi>0-85575-190-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Myth%2C+History+and+a+Sense+of+Oneself&rft.btitle=Past+and+Present%3A+The+Construction+of+Aboriginality&rft.place=Canberra&rft.pages=11-30&rft.pub=Aboriginal+Studies+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-85575-190-8&rft.aulast=Maddock&rft.aufirst=K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Aboriginal+religion+and+mythology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarks2003" class="citation news cs1">Marks, Kathy (28 February 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.independent.co.uk/world/australasia/article120696.ece">"Militant Aborigines embrace Islam to seek empowerment"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. 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Canberra & Washington: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies & Smithsonian Institution. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0520074118" title="Special:BookSources/978-0520074118"><bdi>978-0520074118</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pintupi+Country%2C+Pintubi+Self%3A+Sentiment%2C+Place+and+Politics+among+Western+Desert+Aborigines&rft.place=Canberra+%26+Washington&rft.pub=Australian+Institute+of+Aboriginal+Studies+%26+Smithsonian+Institution&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0520074118&rft.aulast=Myers&rft.aufirst=Fred+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Aboriginal+religion+and+mythology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNASO" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080202233604/http://earthsci.org/aboriginal/Ngadjonji%20History/antquity/history2.htm">"Ngadjonjii Antiquity and Social Organisation"</a>. 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Lessons form the World Heritage List</i></a>. Research Report No. 48. Cairns: Cooperative Research Centre for Tropical Rainforest Ecology and Management. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86443-766-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-86443-766-8"><bdi>0-86443-766-8</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rainforest-crc.jcu.edu.au/publications/nature_culture.htm">the original</a> on 3 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reconciling+Nature+and+Culture+in+a+Global+Context%3F+Lessons+form+the+World+Heritage+List&rft.place=Cairns&rft.series=Research+Report+No.+48&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Cooperative+Research+Centre+for+Tropical+Rainforest+Ecology+and+Management&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-86443-766-8&rft.aulast=Pannell&rft.aufirst=Sandra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rainforest-crc.jcu.edu.au%2Fpublications%2Fnature_culture.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Aboriginal+religion+and+mythology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParker1896" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/K._Langloh_Parker" title="K. 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Milton, Queensland: Hopevale Mission Board. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86252-311-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-86252-311-8"><bdi>1-86252-311-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=gangarru&rft.place=Milton%2C+Queensland&rft.pub=Hopevale+Mission+Board&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=1-86252-311-8&rft.aulast=Pohlner&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Aboriginal+religion+and+mythology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAHD105689" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;place_id=105689">"Queensland's wet tropical forests (Place ID 105689)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Australian_Heritage_Database" title="Australian Heritage Database">Australian Heritage Database</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Government" title="Australian Government">Australian Government</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Heritage+Database&rft.atitle=Queensland%27s+wet+tropical+forests+%28Place+ID+105689%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.environment.gov.au%2Fcgi-bin%2Fahdb%2Fsearch.pl%3Fmode%3Dplace_detail%3Bplace_id%3D105689&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Aboriginal+religion+and+mythology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadcliffe-Brown1926" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Radcliffe-Brown" title="Alfred Radcliffe-Brown">Radcliffe-Brown, A. R.</a> (1926). "The Rainbow-Serpent Myth of Australia". <i>The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland</i>. <b>56</b>: 19–25. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2843596">10.2307/2843596</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2843596">2843596</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+the+Royal+Anthropological+Institute+of+Great+Britain+and+Ireland&rft.atitle=The+Rainbow-Serpent+Myth+of+Australia&rft.volume=56&rft.pages=19-25&rft.date=1926&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2843596&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2843596%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Radcliffe-Brown&rft.aufirst=A.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Aboriginal+religion+and+mythology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinson1970" class="citation book cs1">Robinson, Roland (1970). <i>Alteringa and Other Aboriginal Poems</i>. Sydney: A. H. and A. W. Reed. pp. 29–30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alteringa+and+Other+Aboriginal+Poems&rft.place=Sydney&rft.pages=29-30&rft.pub=A.+H.+and+A.+W.+Reed&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=Roland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Aboriginal+religion+and+mythology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRose1984" class="citation journal cs1">Rose, Deborah (1984). "The Saga of Captain Cook: Morality in Aboriginal and European Law". <i>Australian Aboriginal Studies</i>. <b>2</b>: 24–39.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Aboriginal+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Saga+of+Captain+Cook%3A+Morality+in+Aboriginal+and+European+Law&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=24-39&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Rose&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Aboriginal+religion+and+mythology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoth1984" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Roth" title="Walter Roth">Roth, W. E.</a> (1984) [First published 1897]. <i>The Queensland Aborigines</i> (Facsimile ed.). Victoria Park, W. A.: Hesperian Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85905-054-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-85905-054-8"><bdi>0-85905-054-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Queensland+Aborigines&rft.place=Victoria+Park%2C+W.+A.&rft.edition=Facsimile&rft.pub=Hesperian+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-85905-054-8&rft.aulast=Roth&rft.aufirst=W.+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Aboriginal+religion+and+mythology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRumsey1994" class="citation journal cs1">Rumsey, Allen (1994). "The Dreaming, human agency and inscriptive practice". <i>Oceania</i>. <b>65</b> (2): 116–128. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fj.1834-4461.1994.tb02494.x">10.1002/j.1834-4461.1994.tb02494.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oceania&rft.atitle=The+Dreaming%2C+human+agency+and+inscriptive+practice&rft.volume=65&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=116-128&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fj.1834-4461.1994.tb02494.x&rft.aulast=Rumsey&rft.aufirst=Allen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Aboriginal+religion+and+mythology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAboriginal_Areas_Protection_Authority" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aapant.org.au/sacred-sites">"Sacred sites"</a>. <i>Aboriginal Areas Protection Authority</i>. Northern Territory Government. 2 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aboriginal+Areas+Protection+Authority&rft.atitle=Sacred+sites&rft.date=2014-07-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aapant.org.au%2Fsacred-sites&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Aboriginal+religion+and+mythology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2003" class="citation book cs1">Smith, W. Ramsay (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NXSEpixcYukC&q=Thardid+Jimbo&pg=PA274"><i>Myths and legends of the Australian aborigines</i></a>. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-486-42709-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-486-42709-9"><bdi>0-486-42709-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/51800252">51800252</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Myths+and+legends+of+the+Australian+aborigines&rft.place=Mineola%2C+NY&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F51800252&rft.isbn=0-486-42709-9&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=W.+Ramsay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNXSEpixcYukC%26q%3DThardid%2BJimbo%26pg%3DPA274&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Aboriginal+religion+and+mythology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmyth1994" class="citation book cs1">Smyth, Dermot (1994). <i>Understanding Country: The Importance of Land and Sea in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Societies</i>. Key Issue Paper 1. Canberra: Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation. pp. 3, 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Country%3A+The+Importance+of+Land+and+Sea+in+Aboriginal+and+Torres+Strait+Islander+Societies&rft.place=Canberra&rft.series=Key+Issue+Paper+1&rft.pages=3%2C+6&rft.pub=Council+for+Aboriginal+Reconciliation&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Smyth&rft.aufirst=Dermot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Aboriginal+religion+and+mythology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStanner1966" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Edward_Hanley_Stanner" title="William Edward Hanley Stanner">Stanner, W. E. H.</a> (1966). <i>On aboriginal religion</i>. Oceania Monograph No. 11. Sydney: Oceania Publications.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+aboriginal+religion&rft.place=Sydney&rft.series=Oceania+Monograph+No.+11&rft.pub=Oceania+Publications&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Stanner&rft.aufirst=W.+E.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Aboriginal+religion+and+mythology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSutton1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Sutton_(anthropologist)" title="Peter Sutton (anthropologist)">Sutton, Peter</a> (1988). "Myth as History, History as Myth". In Keen, I (ed.). <i>Being Black: Aboriginal Cultures in 'Settled' Australia</i>. Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press. pp. 251–268. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0855751852" title="Special:BookSources/978-0855751852"><bdi>978-0855751852</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Myth+as+History%2C+History+as+Myth&rft.btitle=Being+Black%3A+Aboriginal+Cultures+in+%27Settled%27+Australia&rft.place=Canberra&rft.pages=251-268&rft.pub=Aboriginal+Studies+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0855751852&rft.aulast=Sutton&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Aboriginal+religion+and+mythology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSutton2003" class="citation book cs1">Sutton, Peter (2003). <i>Native Title in Australia: An Ethnographic Perspective</i>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 113, 117. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FCBO9780511481635">10.1017/CBO9780511481635</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-81258-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-81258-5"><bdi>0-521-81258-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Native+Title+in+Australia%3A+An+Ethnographic+Perspective&rft.pages=113%2C+117&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FCBO9780511481635&rft.isbn=0-521-81258-5&rft.aulast=Sutton&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Aboriginal+religion+and+mythology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTindale_map" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Tindale" title="Norman Tindale">Tindale, Norman</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080316044231/http://www.samuseum.sa.gov.au/page/default.asp?site=2&page=TIN_Tribal&level=1">"Earlier map"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Government_of_South_Australia" title="Government of South Australia">Government of South Australia</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.samuseum.sa.gov.au/page/default.asp?site=2&page=TIN_Tribal&level=1">the original</a> on 16 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Earlier+map&rft.pub=Government+of+South+Australia&rft.aulast=Tindale&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.samuseum.sa.gov.au%2Fpage%2Fdefault.asp%3Fsite%3D2%26page%3DTIN_Tribal%26level%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Aboriginal+religion+and+mythology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Gennep1906" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Van Gennep, A (1906). <i>Mythes et Legendes d'Australie</i> (in French). Paris.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mythes+et+Legendes+d%27Australie&rft.place=Paris&rft.date=1906&rft.aulast=Van+Gennep&rft.aufirst=A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Aboriginal+religion+and+mythology" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatson1994" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Watson, M. (1994). "Storytelling". In Horton, David (ed.). <i>The Encyclopedia of Aboriginal Australia: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander History, Society, and Culture</i>. Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Storytelling&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Aboriginal+Australia%3A+Aboriginal+and+Torres+Strait+Islander+History%2C+Society%2C+and+Culture&rft.place=Canberra&rft.pub=Aboriginal+Studies+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Aboriginal+religion+and+mythology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYengoyan1979" class="citation journal cs1">Yengoyan, Aram A. (1979). "Economy, Society, and Myth in Aboriginal Australia". <i>Annual Review of Anthropology</i>. <b>8</b>: 393–415. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.an.08.100179.002141">10.1146/annurev.an.08.100179.002141</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2155626">2155626</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Anthropology&rft.atitle=Economy%2C+Society%2C+and+Myth+in+Aboriginal+Australia&rft.volume=8&rft.pages=393-415&rft.date=1979&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev.an.08.100179.002141&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2155626%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Yengoyan&rft.aufirst=Aram+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Aboriginal+religion+and+mythology" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Aboriginal_religion_and_mythology&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaterman1987" class="citation book cs1">Waterman, Patricia Panyity (1987). <i>A Tale-type Index of Australian Aboriginal Oral Narratives</i>. Folklore Fellows’ Communications. Vol. 238. Academia scientiarum Fennica. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789514105319" title="Special:BookSources/9789514105319"><bdi>9789514105319</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Tale-type+Index+of+Australian+Aboriginal+Oral+Narratives&rft.series=Folklore+Fellows%E2%80%99+Communications&rft.pub=Academia+scientiarum+Fennica&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=9789514105319&rft.aulast=Waterman&rft.aufirst=Patricia+Panyity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Aboriginal+religion+and+mythology" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artark.com.au/pages/dreamtime-stories-and-the-dreaming-in-aboriginal-art">"Dreamtime Stories and The Dreaming in Aboriginal Art"</a>. <i>ARTARK</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ARTARK&rft.atitle=Dreamtime+Stories+and+The+Dreaming+in+Aboriginal+Art&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fartark.com.au%2Fpages%2Fdreamtime-stories-and-the-dreaming-in-aboriginal-art&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Aboriginal+religion+and+mythology" class="Z3988"></span>|</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Australian_Aboriginal_religion_and_mythology&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br /> <b>Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology</b> <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Australian+Aboriginal+mythology">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Australian+Aboriginal+mythology&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://education.abc.net.au/home#!/digibook/2570774/dust-echoes">"Dust Echoes"</a>. <i>ABC Education</i>. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 16 May 2017. <q>a series of twelve beautifully animated Dreamtime stories from Central <a href="/wiki/Arnhem_Land" title="Arnhem Land">Arnhem Land</a>...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+Education&rft.atitle=Dust+Echoes&rft.date=2017-05-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feducation.abc.net.au%2Fhome%23%21%2Fdigibook%2F2570774%2Fdust-echoes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAustralian+Aboriginal+religion+and+mythology" class="Z3988"></span> − 12 Episodes, each with accompanying Study Guide: Whirlpool, Mermaid, Brolga, Morning Star, Namorrodor, Curse, Moon Man, Be, Spear, <a href="/wiki/Wawalag" title="Wawalag">Wawalag</a> (or Wagalak) sisters, Bat and the Butterfly, and Mimis. <a href="/wiki/Yolngu" title="Yolngu">Yolngu</a> mythology.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150905104602/http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/dreaming">Australian Government 'portal' on Aboriginal 'Dreamings' and associated mythology</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080202233604/http://earthsci.org/aboriginal/Ngadjonji%20History/antquity/history2.htm">Ngadjonji Antiquity and Social Organisation</a> Ngadjonji History of the Rainforest People</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Aboriginal_and_Torres_Strait_Islanders" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indigenous_Australians" title="Template:Indigenous Australians"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indigenous_Australians" title="Template talk:Indigenous Australians"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indigenous_Australians" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indigenous Australians"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Aboriginal_and_Torres_Strait_Islanders" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians" title="Indigenous Australians">Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Indigenous_peoples_of_Australia" title="Category:Indigenous peoples of Australia">Peoples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Australians" title="Aboriginal Australians">Aboriginal Australians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indigenous_Australian_communities" title="Category:Indigenous Australian communities">Communities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_Aboriginal_group_names" title="List of Australian Aboriginal group names">Aboriginal groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Tasmanians" title="Aboriginal Tasmanians">Tasmanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torres_Strait_Islanders" title="Torres Strait Islanders">Torres Strait Islanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Victorians" title="Aboriginal Victorians">Victorians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indigenous_Australians_from_Western_Australia" title="Category:Indigenous Australians from Western Australia">Western Australians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Indigenous_Australians" title="Lists of Indigenous Australians">Individuals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Australian_indigenous_rights_activists" title="Category:Australian indigenous rights activists">Activists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indigenous_Australian_musicians" title="List of Indigenous Australian musicians">Musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indigenous_Australians_in_politics_and_public_service" title="List of Indigenous Australians in politics and public service">People from politics and public service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indigenous_Australian_performing_artists" title="List of Indigenous Australian performing artists">Performing artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indigenous_Australian_sportspeople" title="List of Indigenous Australian sportspeople">Sportspeople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indigenous_Australian_visual_artists" title="List of Indigenous Australian visual artists">Visual artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indigenous_Australian_writers" title="List of Indigenous Australian writers">Writers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_culture" title="Australian Aboriginal culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_astronomy" title="Australian Aboriginal astronomy">Astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bora_(Australian)" title="Bora (Australian)">Bora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corroboree" title="Corroboree">Corroboree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Country_(Indigenous_Australians)" title="Country (Indigenous Australians)">Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deadly_Awards" title="Deadly Awards">Deadly Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Australian_Aboriginal_deities" title="Category:Australian Aboriginal deities">Deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dreaming" title="The Dreaming">The Dreaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_enumeration" title="Australian Aboriginal enumeration">Enumeration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_elder" title="Australian Aboriginal elder">Elders</a></li> <li>Flags <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_flag" title="Australian Aboriginal flag">Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torres_Strait_Islander_flag" title="Torres Strait Islander flag">Torres Strait Islander</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_kinship" title="Australian Aboriginal kinship">Kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdaitcha" title="Kurdaitcha">Kurdaitcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australian_literature" title="Indigenous Australian literature">Literature of Indigenous Australians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marn_Grook" title="Marn Grook">Marn Grook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Message_stick" title="Message stick">Message stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAIDOC_Week" title="NAIDOC Week">NAIDOC Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Indigenous_Human_Rights_Awards" title="National Indigenous Human Rights Awards">National Indigenous Human Rights Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outstation_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Outstation movement">Outstation movement</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Religion and mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riji" title="Riji">Riji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australian_seasons" title="Indigenous Australian seasons">Seasons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_sacred_sites" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Aboriginal sacred sites">Sacred sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_ceremony" title="Smoking ceremony">Smoking ceremony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songline" title="Songline">Songlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australian_traditional_custodianship" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous Australian traditional custodianship">Traditional custodianship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjurunga" title="Tjurunga">Tjurunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_of_the_Torres_Strait_Islands" title="Category:Culture of the Torres Strait Islands">Torres Strait Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_languages" title="Australian Aboriginal languages">Language(s)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avoidance_speech" title="Avoidance speech">Avoidance speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_English" title="Australian Aboriginal English">Australian Aboriginal English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macro-Gunwinyguan_languages" title="Macro-Gunwinyguan languages">Macro-Gunwinyguan languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Kriol_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Kriol language">Australian Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indigenous_Australian_group_names" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indigenous Australian group names">Language groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_English_words_of_Australian_Aboriginal_origin" title="List of English words of Australian Aboriginal origin">Loanwords into English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_languages" title="Tasmanian languages">Palawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pama%E2%80%93Nyungan_languages" title="Pama–Nyungan languages">Pama–Nyungan languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_place_names_of_Aboriginal_origin" title="List of Australian place names of Aboriginal origin">Placenames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_sign_languages" title="Australian Aboriginal sign languages">Sign languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taboo_on_the_dead" title="Taboo on the dead">Taboo on the dead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torres_Strait_English" title="Torres Strait English">Torres Strait English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torres_Strait_Island_languages" title="Torres Strait Island languages">Torres Strait Island languages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Organisations_serving_Indigenous_Australians" title="Category:Organisations serving Indigenous Australians">Organisations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_and_Torres_Strait_Islander_Commission" title="Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission">ATSIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Medical_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal Medical Service">Aboriginal Medical Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aborigines_Advancement_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Aborigines Advancement League">Aborigines Advancement League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aborigines_Progressive_Association" title="Aborigines Progressive Association">Aborigines Progressive Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Institute_of_Aboriginal_and_Torres_Strait_Islander_Studies" title="Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies">AIATSIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_Progressive_Association" title="Australian Aboriginal Progressive Association">Australian Aboriginal Progressive Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aborigines%27_League" title="Australian Aborigines' League">Australian Aborigines' League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indigenous_Australian_mass_media" title="Category:Indigenous Australian mass media">Mass media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Australia%27s_First_Peoples" title="National Congress of Australia's First Peoples">National Congress of Australia's First Peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Indigenous_Council" title="National Indigenous Council">National Indigenous Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Registrar_of_Indigenous_Corporations" title="Office of the Registrar of Indigenous Corporations">Office of the Registrar of Indigenous Corporations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indigenous_Australian_politics" title="Category:Indigenous Australian politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Registered_Aboriginal_Party" title="Registered Aboriginal Party">Registered Aboriginal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconciliation_Australia" title="Reconciliation Australia">Reconciliation Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Reconciliation_Week" title="National Reconciliation Week">National Reconciliation Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Sorry_Day" title="National Sorry Day">Sorry Day</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torres_Strait_Regional_Authority" title="Torres Strait Regional Authority">TSRA</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Land_councils" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Land_council" title="Land council">Land councils</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Land_Council" title="Central Land Council">Central Land Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimberley_Land_Council" title="Kimberley Land Council">Kimberley Land Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maralinga_Tjarutja" title="Maralinga Tjarutja">Maralinga Tjarutja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Local_Aboriginal_Land_Council" title="Metropolitan Local Aboriginal Land Council">Metropolitan Local Aboriginal Land Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSW_Aboriginal_Land_Council" title="NSW Aboriginal Land Council">NSW Aboriginal Land Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Land_Council" title="Northern Land Council">Northern Land Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_West_Aboriginal_Land_and_Sea_Council" title="South West Aboriginal Land and Sea Council">South West Aboriginal Land and Sea Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiwi_Land_Council" title="Tiwi Land Council">Tiwi Land Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Australian_Aboriginal_bushcraft" title="Category:Australian Aboriginal bushcraft">Bushcraft</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boomerang" title="Boomerang">Boomerang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buka_cloak" title="Buka cloak">Buka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_bread" title="Bush bread">Bush bread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_tucker" title="Bush tucker">Bush tucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bush_medicine" title="Bush medicine">Bush medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coolamon_(vessel)" title="Coolamon (vessel)">Coolamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_dugout_canoe" title="Aboriginal dugout canoe">Dugout canoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_fibrecraft" title="Australian Aboriginal fibrecraft">Fibrecraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire-stick_farming" title="Fire-stick farming">Fire-stick farming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australian_food_groups" title="Indigenous Australian food groups">Food groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humpy" title="Humpy">Humpy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Possum-skin_cloak" title="Possum-skin cloak">Possum-skin cloak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarred_tree" title="Scarred tree">Scarred tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soakage_(source_of_water)" title="Soakage (source of water)">Soaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinifex_resin" title="Spinifex resin">Spinifex resin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_sweets" title="Australian Aboriginal sweets">Sweets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waddy" title="Waddy">Waddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woomera_(spear-thrower)" title="Woomera (spear-thrower)">Woomera</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Australian_Aboriginal_art" title="Category:Australian Aboriginal art">Arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_artefacts" title="Australian Aboriginal artefacts">Artefacts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bark_painting" title="Bark painting">Bark painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Indigenous_Australian_art" title="Contemporary Indigenous Australian art">Contemporary visual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australian_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous Australian dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didgeridoo" title="Didgeridoo">Didgeridoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreaming_(Australian_Aboriginal_art)" title="Dreaming (Australian Aboriginal art)">Dreaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_music_of_Australia" title="Indigenous music of Australia">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Indigenous_Australian_musical_groups" title="Category:Indigenous Australian musical groups">Music groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_rock" title="Indigenous rock">Rock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Aboriginal_%26_Torres_Strait_Islander_Art_Award" title="National Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Art Award">NATSIA Award</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papunya_Tula" title="Papunya Tula">Papunya Tula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandpainting#Indigenous_Australian_sandpainting" title="Sandpainting">Sandpainting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vibe_Australia" title="Vibe Australia">Vibe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australian_art" title="Indigenous Australian art">Visual art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yininmadyemi_-_Thou_didst_let_fall" title="Yininmadyemi - Thou didst let fall">Yininmadyemi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Indigenous_Australians" title="Category:History of Indigenous Australians">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Land_Rights_Act_1976" title="Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1976">Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1976</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Frontier_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Frontier Wars">Australian Frontier Wars</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bathurst_War" title="Bathurst War">Bathurst War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawkesbury_and_Nepean_Wars" title="Hawkesbury and Nepean Wars">Hawkesbury and Nepean Wars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caledon_Bay_crisis" title="Caledon Bay crisis">Caledon Bay crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cummeragunja_walk-off" title="Cummeragunja walk-off">Cummeragunja walk-off</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_Mourning_(Australia)" title="Day of Mourning (Australia)">Day of Mourning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wave_Hill_walk-off" title="Wave Hill walk-off">Gurindji Strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indigenous_Australian_historical_figures" title="List of Indigenous Australian historical figures">Historical figures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indigenous_Australians" title="History of Indigenous Australians">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_Australia" title="Prehistory of Australia">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_history_wars" title="Australian history wars">Australian history wars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_breastplate" title="Aboriginal breastplate">King plates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_massacres_of_Indigenous_Australians" title="List of massacres of Indigenous Australians">Massacres</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_War" title="Black War">Black War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Australian_Aboriginal_missions" title="Category:Australian Aboriginal missions">Missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_native_police" title="Australian native police">Native police</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Native_Title_Act_1993" title="Native Title Act 1993">Native Title Act 1993</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilbara_strike" title="Pilbara strike">Pilbara strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pintupi_Nine" title="Pintupi Nine">Pintupi Nine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stolen_Generations" title="Stolen Generations">Stolen Generations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apology_to_Australia%27s_Indigenous_peoples" title="Apology to Australia's Indigenous peoples">Apology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_Tent_Embassy" title="Aboriginal Tent Embassy">Tent embassy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_history_of_Western_Australia" title="Aboriginal history of Western Australia">Western Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1967_Australian_referendum_(Aboriginals)" title="1967 Australian referendum (Aboriginals)">1967 Referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_recognition_of_Indigenous_Australians" title="Constitutional recognition of Indigenous Australians">Constitutional recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australians_and_crime" title="Indigenous Australians and crime">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_health_in_Australia" title="Indigenous health in Australia">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_land_rights_in_Australia" title="Indigenous land rights in Australia">Land rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Native_title_in_Australia" title="Native title in Australia">Native title</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Protected_Area" title="Indigenous Protected Area">Protected Area</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_portrayals_of_Indigenous_Australians" title="Media portrayals of Indigenous Australians">Media portrayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory_National_Emergency_Response" title="Northern Territory National Emergency Response">Northern Territory National Emergency Response</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australian_self-determination" title="Indigenous Australian self-determination">Self-determination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconciliation_in_Australia" title="Reconciliation in Australia">Reconciliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stolen_Generations" title="Stolen Generations">Stolen Generations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Half-Caste_Act" title="Half-Caste Act">Half-Caste Act</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uluru_Statement_from_the_Heart" title="Uluru Statement from the Heart">Uluru Statement from the Heart</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_treaties_in_Australia" title="Indigenous treaties in Australia">Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truth_commission#Australia" title="Truth commission">Truth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Voice_to_Parliament" title="Indigenous Voice to Parliament">Voice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_rights_of_Indigenous_Australians" title="Voting rights of Indigenous Australians">Voting rights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Religion_in_Australia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Religion_in_Australia" title="Template:Religion in Australia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Religion_in_Australia" title="Template talk:Religion in Australia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Religion_in_Australia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Religion in Australia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Religion_in_Australia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Australia" title="Religion in Australia">Religion in Australia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aboriginal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Australia" title="Buddhism in Australia">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Australia" title="Christianity in Australia">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Australia" title="Catholic Church in Australia">Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox Christianity">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestantism in Australia">Protestantism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Australia" title="Anglican Church of Australia">Anglicanism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Australia" title="Hinduism in Australia">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Australia" title="Islam in Australia">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_in_Australia" title="Jainism in Australia">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaism_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Judaism in Australia">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neopaganism_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Neopaganism in Australia">Neopaganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Australia" title="Sikhism in Australia">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Australia" title="Irreligion in Australia">Irreligion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Oceanian_religion_and_mythology" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Oceanian_mythology" title="Template:Oceanian mythology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Oceanian_mythology" title="Template talk:Oceanian mythology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Oceanian_mythology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Oceanian mythology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Oceanian_religion_and_mythology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceanian</a> <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Oceania" title="Religion in Oceania">religion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mythology_of_Oceania" title="Mythology of Oceania">mythology</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Oceanian_mythology" title="Category:Oceanian mythology">Mythology by region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesian_mythology" title="Melanesian mythology">Melanesian mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_mythology" title="Micronesian mythology">Micronesian mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_mythology" title="Polynesian mythology">Polynesian mythology</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Moriori_mythology" title="Category:Moriori mythology">Chatham Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands_mythology" title="Cook Islands mythology">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_mythology" title="Rapa Nui mythology">Easter Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fijian_mythology" title="Fijian mythology">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawaiian mythology">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangarevan_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Mangarevan mythology">Mangareva Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Marquesan_mythology" title="Category:Marquesan mythology">Marquesas Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nauruan_indigenous_religion" title="Nauruan indigenous religion">Nauru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_mythology" title="Māori mythology">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Papua_New_Guinean_mythology" title="Category:Papua New Guinean mythology">Papua New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoan_mythology" title="Samoan mythology">Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Solomon_Islands_mythology" title="Category:Solomon Islands mythology">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahiti_and_Society_Islands_mythology" title="Tahiti and Society Islands mythology">Tahiti and Society Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tikopian_mythology" title="Category:Tikopian mythology">Tikopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongan_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Tongan mythology">Tonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tuamotu_mythology" title="Category:Tuamotu mythology">Tuamotu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vanuatu_mythology" title="Category:Vanuatu mythology">Vanuatu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceanian gods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Australian_Aboriginal_gods" title="Category:Australian Aboriginal gods">Australian Aboriginal gods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hawaiian_gods" title="Category:Hawaiian gods">Hawaiian gods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:M%C4%81ori_gods" title="Category:Māori gods">Māori gods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Polynesian_gods" title="Category:Polynesian gods">Polynesian gods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tahiti_and_Society_Islands_gods" title="Category:Tahiti and Society Islands gods">Tahiti and Society Islands gods</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceanian goddesses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Australian_Aboriginal_goddesses" title="Category:Australian Aboriginal goddesses">Australian Aboriginal goddesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:M%C4%81ori_goddesses" title="Category:Māori goddesses">Māori goddesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Polynesian_goddesses" title="Category:Polynesian goddesses">Polynesian goddesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tahiti_and_Society_Islands_goddesses" title="Category:Tahiti and Society Islands goddesses">Tahiti and Society Islands goddesses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Creatures & spirits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Australian_legendary_creatures" title="Category:Australian legendary creatures">Australian legendary creatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:M%C4%81ori_legendary_creatures" title="Category:Māori legendary creatures">Māori legendary creatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Oceanian_legendary_creatures" title="Category:Oceanian legendary creatures">Oceanian legendary creatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghosts_in_Polynesian_culture" title="Ghosts in Polynesian culture">Ghosts in Polynesian culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Religion" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Religion_topics" title="Template:Religion topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Religion_topics" title="Template talk:Religion topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Religion_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Religion topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Religion" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">Religion</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Religious_groups_and_denominations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_religions_and_spiritual_traditions" title="List of religions and spiritual traditions">Religious groups and denominations</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Western_religions" title="Western religions">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Abrahamic_religions" title="Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haredi_Judaism" title="Haredi Judaism">Haredi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hasidic_Judaism" title="Hasidic Judaism">Hasidic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Orthodox_Judaism" title="Modern Orthodox Judaism">Modern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionism" title="Religious Zionism">Zionist</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaite_Judaism" title="Karaite Judaism">Karaite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymanot" title="Haymanot">Haymanot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstructionist_Judaism" title="Reconstructionist Judaism">Reconstructionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Renewal" title="Jewish Renewal">Renewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_Judaism" title="Humanistic Judaism">Humanistic</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_religious_movements" title="Jewish religious movements">list</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholicism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestorianism" title="Nestorianism">Nestorianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Church_of_the_East" title="Ancient Church of the East">Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Church_of_the_East" title="Assyrian Church of the East">Assyrian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Protestantism" title="Proto-Protestantism">Proto-Protestantism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hussites" title="Hussites">Hussites</a>/<a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church" title="Moravian Church">Moravians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldensians" title="Waldensians">Waldensians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adventism" title="Adventism">Adventism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amish" title="Amish">Amish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwarzenau_Brethren" title="Schwarzenau Brethren">Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutterites" title="Hutterites">Hutterites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites" title="Mennonites">Mennonites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwenkfelder_Church" title="Schwenkfelder Church">Schwenkfelder Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Calvinism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congregational_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregational church">Congregationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Reformed_Protestantism" title="Continental Reformed Protestantism">Reformed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_Christianity" title="Charismatic Christianity">Charismatic Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charismatic_movement" title="Charismatic movement">Charismatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-charismatic_movement" title="Neo-charismatic movement">Neo-charismatic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Apostolic_Church" title="Catholic Apostolic Church">Irvingism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holiness_movement" title="Holiness movement">Holiness</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">Nondenominational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Brethren" title="Plymouth Brethren">Plymouth Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakerism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoration_Movement" title="Restoration Movement">Restorationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esoteric_Christianity" title="Esoteric Christianity">Esoteric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Community" title="The Christian Community">The Christian Community</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Catholicism" title="Independent Catholicism">Independent Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church" title="Old Catholic Church">Old Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaizers" title="Judaizers">Judaizers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nontrinitarianism" title="Nontrinitarianism">Nontrinitarianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Student_movement" title="Bible Student movement">Bible Students</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Student_movement#Associated_Bible_Students" title="Bible Student movement">Associated Bible Students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Bible_Students" title="Free Bible Students">Free Bible Students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friends_of_Man" title="Friends of Man">Friends of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo#Kitawala" title="Religion in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Kitawala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laymen%27s_Home_Missionary_Movement" title="Laymen's Home Missionary Movement">Laymen's Home Missionary Movement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christadelphians" title="Christadelphians">Christadelphians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mormonism" title="Mormonism">Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oneness_Pentecostalism" title="Oneness Pentecostalism">Oneness Pentecostalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_Christianity" title="Spiritual Christianity">Spiritual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Church_(Swedenborgian)" title="The New Church (Swedenborgian)">Swedenborgianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolstoyan_movement" title="Tolstoyan movement">Tolstoyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitarianism" title="Unitarianism">Unitarianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">list</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunnism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ash%27arism" title="Ash'arism">Ash'arism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maturidism" title="Maturidism">Maturidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atharism" title="Atharism">Atharism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salafi_movement" title="Salafi movement">Salafism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wahhabism" title="Wahhabism">Wahhabism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_modernism" title="Islamic modernism">Modernist Salafism</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shi'ism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alawites" title="Alawites">Alawism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali-Illahism" title="Ali-Illahism">Ali-Illahism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isma%27ilism" title="Isma'ilism">Isma'ilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelver_Shi%27ism" title="Twelver Shi'ism">Twelver Shi'ism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaydism" title="Zaydism">Zaydism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharijites" title="Kharijites">Khawarij</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibadi_Islam" title="Ibadi Islam">Ibadism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alevism" title="Alevism">Alevism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ishikism" title="Ishikism">Ishikism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Alevism" title="Kurdish Alevism">Kurdish Alevism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahdawi_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahdawi movement">Mahdavism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quranism" title="Quranism">Quranism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milah_Abraham" title="Milah Abraham">Milah Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-denominational_Muslim" title="Non-denominational Muslim">Non-denominational</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Islamic_schools_and_branches" title="Islamic schools and branches">list</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1bism" title="Bábism">Bábism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azali" title="Azali">Azalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandaeism" title="Mandaeism">Mandaeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastafari" title="Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritanism" title="Samaritanism">Samaritanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Iranian_religions" title="Iranian religions">Iranian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrian">Zoroastrian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Russia" title="Zoroastrianism in Russia">Blagovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilm-e-Khshnoom" title="Ilm-e-Khshnoom">Ilm-e-Khshnoom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazdaznan" title="Mazdaznan">Mazdaznan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zurvanism" title="Zurvanism">Zurvanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Kurdish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shabakism" class="mw-redirect" title="Shabakism">Shabakism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarsanism" title="Yarsanism">Yarsanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assianism" title="Assianism">Assianism/Uatsdin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roshani_movement" title="Roshani movement">Roshani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaeism" title="Manichaeism">Manichaeism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Manichaeism" title="Chinese Manichaeism">Chinese Manichaeism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazd%C3%A2nism" title="Yazdânism">Yazdânism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazidism" title="Yazidism">Yazidism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_religions" title="Eastern religions">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_religions" title="East Asian religions">East Asian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_China" title="Religion in China">Chinese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luo_teaching" title="Luo teaching">Luoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuo_folk_religion" title="Nuo folk religion">Nuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_salvationist_religions" title="Chinese salvationist religions">Salvationist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xiantiandao" title="Xiantiandao">Xiantiandao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiguandao" title="Yiguandao">Yiguandao</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_ritual_mastery_traditions" title="Chinese ritual mastery traditions">Folk Taoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yao_folk_religion" title="Yao folk religion">Yao Taoism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Japan" title="Religion in Japan">Japonic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Shinto_sects_and_schools" title="Shinto sects and schools">list</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shugend%C5%8D" title="Shugendō">Shugendō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenrikyo" title="Tenrikyo">Tenrikyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyuan_religion" title="Ryukyuan religion">Ryukyuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Korea" title="Religion in Korea">Korean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_shamanism" title="Korean shamanism">Korean shamanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheondoism" title="Cheondoism">Cheondoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeung_San_Do" title="Jeung San Do">Jeungsanism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Vietnam" title="Religion in Vietnam">Vietnamese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_folk_religion" title="Vietnamese folk religion">Vietnamese folk religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1o_M%E1%BA%ABu" title="Đạo Mẫu">Đạo Mẫu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caodaism" title="Caodaism">Caodaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B2a_H%E1%BA%A3o" title="Hòa Hảo">Hoahaoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A1o_B%E1%BB%ADu_S%C6%A1n_K%E1%BB%B3_H%C6%B0%C6%A1ng" title="Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương">Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Indian_religions" title="Indian religions">Indian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krishnaism" title="Krishnaism">Krishnaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Vaishnavism" title="Sri Vaishnavism">Sri Vaishnavism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Sampradaya" title="Brahma Sampradaya">Brahma Sampradaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimbarka_Sampradaya" title="Nimbarka Sampradaya">Nimbarka Sampradaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushtimarg" class="mw-redirect" title="Pushtimarg">Pushtimarg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahanubhava" title="Mahanubhava">Mahanubhava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanandi_Sampradaya" title="Ramanandi Sampradaya">Ramanandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warkari" title="Warkari">Warkari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaminarayan_Sampradaya" title="Swaminarayan Sampradaya">Swaminarayan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaivism" title="Shaivism">Shaivism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shaiva_Siddhanta" title="Shaiva Siddhanta">Shaiva Siddhanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganapatya" title="Ganapatya">Ganapatya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Shaivism" title="Kashmir Shaivism">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapalika" title="Kapalika">Kapalika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaumaram" title="Kaumaram">Kaumaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingayatism" title="Lingayatism">Lingayatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nath" class="mw-redirect" title="Nath">Nath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balinese_Hinduism" title="Balinese Hinduism">Balinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaktism" title="Shaktism">Shaktism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smarta_tradition" title="Smarta tradition">Smartism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saura_(Hinduism)" title="Saura (Hinduism)">Sauraism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Arauta" title="Śrauta">Śrauta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant_Mat" title="Sant Mat">Sant Mat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_reform_movements" title="Hindu reform movements">Neo-Hinduism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hindu_denominations" title="Hindu denominations">list</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theravada" title="Theravada">Theravada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">Mahayana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chan_Buddhism" title="Chan Buddhism">Chan</a>/<a href="/wiki/Zen" title="Zen">Zen</a>/<a href="/wiki/Thi%E1%BB%81n" title="Thiền">Thiền</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pure_Land_Buddhism" title="Pure Land Buddhism">Amidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nichiren_Buddhism" title="Nichiren Buddhism">Nichiren</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajrayana" title="Vajrayana">Vajrayana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_modernism" title="Buddhist modernism">Neo-Buddhism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Schools_of_Buddhism" title="Schools of Buddhism">list</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayyavazhi" title="Ayyavazhi">Ayyavazhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalash_people#Religion" title="Kalash people">Kalash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digambara" title="Digambara">Digambara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Avet%C4%81mbara" title="Śvetāmbara">Śvetāmbara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarnaism" title="Sarnaism">Sarnaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirat_Mundhum" title="Kirat Mundhum">Kirat Mundhum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedda#Religion" title="Vedda">Vedda religions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravidassia" title="Ravidassia">Ravidassia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khalsa" title="Khalsa">Khalsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sects_of_Sikhism" title="Sects of Sikhism">Sects</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_religion" title="Ethnic religion">Ethnic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Altaic_languages" title="Altaic languages">Altaic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkic_mythology" title="Turkic mythology">Turko</a>-<a href="/wiki/Mongolian_shamanism" title="Mongolian shamanism">Mongolic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burkhanism" title="Burkhanism">Burkhanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengrism" title="Tengrism">Tengrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vattisen_Yaly" title="Vattisen Yaly">Vattisen Yaly</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tungusic_creation_myth" title="Tungusic creation myth">Tungusic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evenks#Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Evenks">Evenki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_shamanism" title="Manchu shamanism">Manchu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarna_(place)" title="Sarna (place)">Sarnaism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parmalim" title="Parmalim">Batak Parmalim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayak_people#Religion_and_festivals" title="Dayak people">Dayak</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaharingan" title="Kaharingan">Kaharingan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Sabahan_religions" title="Traditional Sabahan religions">Traditional Sabahan religions</a></li></ul></li> <li>Indonesian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aliran_Kepercayaan" title="Aliran Kepercayaan">Aliran Kepercayaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kejaw%C3%A8n" title="Kejawèn">Kejawèn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapitayan" title="Kapitayan">Kapitayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemena" title="Pemena">Karo Pemena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_folk_religion" title="Malaysian folk religion">Malaysian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Philippine_folk_religions" title="Indigenous Philippine folk religions">Philippine Dayawism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_religious_beliefs_of_the_Tagalog_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous religious beliefs of the Tagalog people">Tagalog</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesian_mythology" title="Polynesian mythology">Polynesian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_religion" title="Hawaiian religion">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_of_M%C4%81ori_people" title="Religion of Māori people">Māori</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marapu" title="Marapu">Sumbese Marapu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunda_Wiwitan" title="Sunda Wiwitan">Sundanese Wiwitan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Native_American_religions" title="Native American religions">Native<br />American</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abenaki_mythology" title="Abenaki mythology">Abenaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native_religion" title="Alaska Native religion">Alaskan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anishinaabe_traditional_beliefs" title="Anishinaabe traditional beliefs">Anishinaabe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ojibwe#Spiritual_beliefs" title="Ojibwe">Ojibwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midewiwin" title="Midewiwin">Midewiwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wabunowin" title="Wabunowin">Wabunowin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache#Religion" title="Apache">Apache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_mythology" title="Blackfoot mythology">Blackfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_narratives_of_Indigenous_Californians" title="Traditional narratives of Indigenous Californians">Californian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kuksu_(religion)" title="Kuksu (religion)">Kuksu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miwok_mythology" title="Miwok mythology">Miwok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohlone_mythology" title="Ohlone mythology">Ohlone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomo_religion" title="Pomo religion">Pomo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilote_mythology" title="Chilote mythology">Chilote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choctaw_mythology" title="Choctaw mythology">Choctaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crow_religion" title="Crow religion">Crow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_Dance" title="Ghost Dance">Ghost Dance</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sun_Dance" title="Sun Dance">Sun Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guarani_mythology" title="Guarani mythology">Guarani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haida_mythology" title="Haida mythology">Haida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho-Chunk_mythology" title="Ho-Chunk mythology">Ho-Chunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iroquois_mythology" title="Iroquois mythology">Iroquois</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_spiritual_beliefs" title="Cherokee spiritual beliefs">Cherokee</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Four_Mothers_Society" title="Four Mothers Society">Four Mothers Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keetoowah_Nighthawk_Society" title="Keetoowah Nighthawk Society">Keetoowah Society</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhouse_Religion" title="Longhouse Religion">Longhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohawk_people#Religion" title="Mohawk people">Mohawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creek_mythology" title="Creek mythology">Muscogee Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca_mythology" title="Seneca mythology">Seneca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyandot_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Wyandot religion">Wyandot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jivaroan_peoples#Religion" title="Jivaroan peoples">Jivaroan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwakwaka%CA%BCwakw_mythology" title="Kwakwakaʼwakw mythology">Kwakwakaʼwakw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenape_mythology" title="Lenape mythology">Lenape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_religion" title="Mapuche religion">Mapuche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_religion" title="Mesoamerican religion">Mesoamerican</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_religion" title="Aztec religion">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_religion" title="Maya religion">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pur%C3%A9pecha_religion" title="Purépecha religion">Purépecha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muisca_mythology" title="Muisca mythology">Muisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Church" title="Native American Church">Native American Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navajo#Spiritual_and_religious_beliefs" title="Navajo">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuu-chah-nulth_mythology" title="Nuu-chah-nulth mythology">Nuu-chah-nulth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawnee_mythology" title="Pawnee mythology">Pawnee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_religion" title="Pueblo religion">Pueblo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acoma_Pueblo#Religion" title="Acoma Pueblo">Acoma Pueblo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopi_mythology" title="Hopi mythology">Hopi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuni_mythology" title="Zuni mythology">Zuni</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sioux#Religion" title="Sioux">Sioux</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lakota_religion" title="Lakota religion">Lakota</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wocekiye" title="Wocekiye">Wocekiye</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsimshian_mythology" title="Tsimshian mythology">Tsimshian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ute_mythology" title="Ute mythology">Ute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_religions#Washat_Dreamers_Religion" title="Native American religions">Washat Dreamers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaqui#Yaqui_cosmology_and_religion" title="Yaqui">Yaqui</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tai_peoples" title="Tai peoples">Tai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miao_people" title="Miao people">Miao</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahom_religion" title="Ahom religion">Ahom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miao_folk_religion" title="Miao folk religion">Hmongism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo_(religion)" title="Mo (religion)">Mo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_folk_religion" title="Tai folk religion">Satsana Phi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Tibeto-Burman languages">Tibeto-Burmese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bon" title="Bon">Bon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burmese_folk_religion" title="Burmese folk religion">Burmese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benzhuism" title="Benzhuism">Benzhuism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bimoism" title="Bimoism">Bimoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathouism" title="Bathouism">Bathouism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mun_(religion)" title="Mun (religion)">Bongthingism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongba" title="Dongba">Dongba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donyi-Polo" title="Donyi-Polo">Donyi-Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurung_shamanism" title="Gurung shamanism">Gurung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraka" class="mw-redirect" title="Heraka">Heraka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirat_Mundhum" title="Kirat Mundhum">Kiratism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiang_folk_religion" title="Qiang folk religion">Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanamahism" title="Sanamahism">Sanamahism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_African_religions" title="Traditional African religions">Traditional <br /> African</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">North African</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Berber_religion" title="Traditional Berber religion">Berber</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Guanche_People" title="Church of the Guanche People">Guanche church</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Africa" title="Religion in Africa">Sub-Saharan<br />African</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamba_people" title="Kamba people">Akamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akan_religion" title="Akan religion">Akan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baluba_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Baluba mythology">Baluba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantu_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantu mythology">Bantu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kongo_religion" title="Kongo religion">Kongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulu_traditional_religion" title="Zulu traditional religion">Zulu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushongo_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Bushongo mythology">Bushongo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinka_religion" title="Dinka religion">Dinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogon_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Dogon religion">Dogon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efik_mythology" title="Efik mythology">Efik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahomean_religion" title="Dahomean religion">Fon and Ewe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ik_people" title="Ik people">Ik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotuko_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Lotuko mythology">Lotuko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lozi_mythology" title="Lozi mythology">Lozi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lugbara_mythology" title="Lugbara mythology">Lugbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maasai_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Maasai mythology">Maasai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbuti_mythology" title="Mbuti mythology">Mbuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odinala" title="Odinala">Odinala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_religion" title="San religion">San</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serer_religion" title="Serer religion">Serer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumbuka_mythology" title="Tumbuka mythology">Tumbuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urhobo_people" title="Urhobo people">Urhobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waaqeffanna" title="Waaqeffanna">Waaqeffanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoruba_religion" title="Yoruba religion">Yoruba</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/If%C3%A1" title="Ifá">Ifá</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/African_diaspora_religions" title="African diaspora religions">Diasporic</a>:</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9" title="Candomblé">Candomblé</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9_Bantu" title="Candomblé Bantu">Bantu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9_Jej%C3%A9" title="Candomblé Jejé">Jejé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9_Ketu" title="Candomblé Ketu">Ketu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comfa" title="Comfa">Comfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convince" title="Convince">Convince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espiritismo" title="Espiritismo">Espiritismo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumina" title="Kumina">Kumina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obeah" title="Obeah">Obeah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palo_(religion)" title="Palo (religion)">Palo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quimbanda" title="Quimbanda">Quimbanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santer%C3%ADa" title="Santería">Santería</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambor_de_Mina" title="Tambor de Mina">Tambor de Mina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_Orisha" title="Trinidad Orisha">Trinidad Orisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbanda" title="Umbanda">Umbanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_Vodou" title="Haitian Vodou">Vodou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Voodoo" title="Louisiana Voodoo">Voodoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winti" title="Winti">Winti</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other ethnic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aboriginal Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inuit_religion" title="Inuit religion">Inuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papuan_mythology" title="Papuan mythology">Papuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shamanism_in_Siberia" title="Shamanism in Siberia">Siberian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/New_religious_movement" title="New religious movement">New<br /> religious<br /> movements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Syncretic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism_in_Russia" title="Zoroastrianism in Russia">Blagovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmoism" title="Brahmoism">Brahmoism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_salvationist_religions" title="Chinese salvationist religions">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falun_Gong" title="Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_Religion" title="Coconut Religion">Coconut Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_new_religions" title="Japanese new religions">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meivazhi" title="Meivazhi">Meivazhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modekngei" title="Modekngei">Modekngei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Acropolis" title="New Acropolis">New Acropolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Age" title="New Age">New Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Thought" title="New Thought">New Thought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajneesh_movement" title="Rajneesh movement">Rajneesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastafari" title="Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Sant_Mat_movements" title="Contemporary Sant Mat movements">Sant Mat</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radha_Soami" title="Radha Soami">Radha Soami</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiritualism_(movement)" title="Spiritualism (movement)">Spiritualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subud" title="Subud">Subud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tensegrity_(Castaneda)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tensegrity (Castaneda)">Tensegrity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelema" title="Thelema">Thelema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theosophy" title="Theosophy">Theosophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Theosophy" title="Neo-Theosophy">Neo-Theosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agni_Yoga" title="Agni Yoga">Agni Yoga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roerichism" title="Roerichism">Roerichism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcendental_Meditation" title="Transcendental Meditation">Transcendental Meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalism" title="Unitarian Universalism">Unitarian Universalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_White_Brotherhood" title="Universal White Brotherhood">White Brotherhood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Modern_paganism" title="Modern paganism">Modern<br />paganism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>African <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Godianism" title="Godianism">Godianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hetanism" title="Hetanism">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_neopaganism" title="Baltic neopaganism">Baltic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dievtur%C4%ABba" title="Dievturība">Dievturība</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romuva_(religion)" title="Romuva (religion)">Romuva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasian_neopaganism" title="Caucasian neopaganism">Caucasian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhaz_neopaganism" class="mw-redirect" title="Abkhaz neopaganism">Abkhaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adyghe_Xabze" title="Adyghe Xabze">Circassian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_neopaganism" title="Celtic neopaganism">Celtic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Druidry_(modern)" title="Druidry (modern)">Druidry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathenry_(new_religious_movement)" title="Heathenry (new religious movement)">Germanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenism_(modern_religion)" title="Hellenism (modern religion)">Hellenism (modern religion)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoshamanism" title="Neoshamanism">Neoshamanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assianism" title="Assianism">Ossetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytheistic_reconstructionism" title="Polytheistic reconstructionism">Polytheistic reconstructionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reconstructionist_Roman_religion" title="Reconstructionist Roman religion">Italo-Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemetism" title="Kemetism">Kemetism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalmoxianism" title="Zalmoxianism">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_Native_Faith" title="Slavic Native Faith">Slavic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Authentism" title="Russian Authentism">Authentism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uralic_neopaganism" title="Uralic neopaganism">Uralic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_neopaganism" title="Estonian neopaganism">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Finnish_paganism" title="Modern Finnish paganism">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Native_Faith" title="Hungarian Native Faith">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari_religion" title="Mari religion">Mari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erzyan_native_religion" title="Erzyan native religion">Erzya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_shamanism" title="Sámi shamanism">Sámi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udmurt_Vos" title="Udmurt Vos">Udmurt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wicca" title="Wicca">Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zalmoxianism" title="Zalmoxianism">Zalmoxianism</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_pagan_movements" title="List of modern pagan movements">list</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">De novo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthroposophy" title="Anthroposophy">Anthroposophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Community" title="The Christian Community">The Christian Community</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discordianism" title="Discordianism">Discordianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eckankar" title="Eckankar">Eckankar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Way" title="Fourth Way">Fourth Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goddess_movement" title="Goddess movement">Goddess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jediism" title="Jediism">Jediism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satanism" title="Satanism">Satanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientology" title="Scientology">Scientology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UFO_religion" title="UFO religion">UFO religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%ABlism" title="Raëlism">Raëlism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Historical_religions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_religion" title="History of religion">Historical religions</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_religion" title="Prehistoric religion">Prehistoric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleolithic_religion" title="Paleolithic religion">Paleolithic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ainu_people#Religion" title="Ainu people">Ainu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia" title="Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia">Arabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_mythology" title="Armenian mythology">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_mythology" title="Baltic mythology">Baltic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_mythology" title="Latvian mythology">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_mythology" title="Lithuanian mythology">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_mythology" title="Prussian mythology">Old Prussian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_mythology" title="Basque mythology">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Celtic_religion" title="Ancient Celtic religion">Celtic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Druid" title="Druid">Druidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_mythology" title="Irish mythology">Irish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cook_Islands_mythology" title="Cook Islands mythology">Cook Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dravidian_folk_religion" title="Dravidian folk religion">Dravidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Ancient Egyptian religion">Egyptian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atenism" title="Atenism">Atenism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_religion" title="Etruscan religion">Etruscan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_mythology" title="Finnish mythology">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuegians#Spiritual_culture" title="Fuegians">Fuegian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Selk%27nam_mythology" title="Selk'nam mythology">Selk'nam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_mythology" title="Georgian mythology">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic_paganism" title="Germanic paganism">Germanic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_paganism" title="Anglo-Saxon paganism">Anglo-Saxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Germanic_mythology" title="Continental Germanic mythology">Continental</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankish_paganism" title="Frankish paganism">Frankish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Norse_religion" title="Old Norse religion">Norse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_religion" title="Ancient Greek religion">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gnosticism" title="Gnosticism">Gnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Buddhism" title="Greco-Buddhism">Greco-Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeticism" title="Hermeticism">Hermeticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman_mysteries" title="Greco-Roman mysteries">Mysteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphism_(religion)" title="Orphism (religion)">Orphism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanches#System_of_beliefs" title="Guanches">Guanche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation#Religion" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Harappan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_mythology_and_religion" title="Hittite mythology and religion">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_mythology" title="Hungarian mythology">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurrian_religion" title="Hurrian religion">Hurrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Confederacy#Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Illinois Confederacy">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_mythology" title="Inca mythology">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_Maroon_religion" title="Jamaican Maroon religion">Jamaican Maroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manichaeism" title="Manichaeism">Manichaeism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mazdak" title="Mazdak">Mazdakism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melanesian_mythology" title="Melanesian mythology">Melanesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Mesopotamian_religion" title="Ancient Mesopotamian religion">Mesopotamian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_religion" title="Babylonian religion">Babylonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumerian_religion" title="Sumerian religion">Sumerian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesian_mythology" title="Micronesian mythology">Micronesian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nauruan_Indigenous_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Nauruan Indigenous religion">Nauruan Indigenous religion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olmec_religion" title="Olmec religion">Olmec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleo-Balkan_mythology" title="Paleo-Balkan mythology">Paleo-Balkan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_folk_beliefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian folk beliefs">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacian_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Dacian mythology">Dacian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illyrian_religion" title="Illyrian religion">Illyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracian_religion" title="Thracian religion">Thracian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-Iranian_religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Indo-Iranian religion">Proto-Indo-Iranian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Iranian_religion" title="Ancient Iranian religion">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Vedic_religion" title="Historical Vedic religion">Vedic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basketmaker_III_Era#Culture_and_religion" title="Basketmaker III Era">Ancestral Pueblo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_II_Period#Culture_and_religion" title="Pueblo II Period">Pueblo II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_III_Period#Culture_and_religion" title="Pueblo III Period">Pueblo III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pueblo_IV_Period#Culture_and_religion" title="Pueblo IV Period">Pueblo IV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_Nui_mythology" title="Rapa Nui mythology">Rapa Nui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_ancient_Rome" title="Religion in ancient Rome">Roman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cybele" title="Cybele">Cult of Magna Mater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallo-Roman_religion" title="Gallo-Roman religion">Gallo-Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_imperial_cult" title="Roman imperial cult">Imperial cult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mithraism" title="Mithraism">Mithraism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysteries_of_Isis" title="Mysteries of Isis">Mysteries of Isis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Semitic_religion" title="Ancient Semitic religion">Semitic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canaanite_religion" title="Canaanite religion">Canaanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punic_religion" title="Punic religion">Punic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yahwism" title="Yahwism">Yahwism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scythian_religion" title="Scythian religion">Scythian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavic_paganism" title="Slavic paganism">Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_mythology" title="Somali mythology">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongan_religion" title="Tongan religion">Tongan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urartu#Religion" title="Urartu">Urartu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vainakh_religion" title="Vainakh religion">Vainakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapotec_civilization#Religion_and_Myth" title="Zapotec civilization">Zapotec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostasy" title="Apostasy">Apostasy</a> / <a href="/wiki/Religious_disaffiliation" title="Religious disaffiliation">Disaffiliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_behaviour" title="Religious behaviour">Behaviour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belief#Religion" title="Belief">Beliefs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Call_to_prayer" title="Call to prayer">Call to prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laicism" title="Laicism">Laicism</a> / <a href="/wiki/Laity" title="Laity">Laity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covenant_(religion)" title="Covenant (religion)">Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_conversion" title="Religious conversion">Conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deity" title="Deity">Deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_denomination" title="Religious denomination">Denomination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entheogen" title="Entheogen">Entheogens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_religion" title="Ethnic religion">Ethnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith" title="Faith">Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_worship" title="Fire worship">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_religion" title="Folk religion">Folk religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goddess" title="Goddess">Goddess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_religion" title="Indigenous religion">Indigenous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meditation" title="Meditation">Meditation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monasticism" title="Monasticism">Monasticism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">Monk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novice" title="Novice">Novice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nun" title="Nun">Nun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">Mysticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_mythology" title="Religion and mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordination" title="Ordination">Ordination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy" title="Orthodoxy">Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthopraxy" title="Orthopraxy">Orthopraxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paganism" title="Paganism">Paganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer" title="Prayer">Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophecy" title="Prophecy">Prophecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_experience" title="Religious experience">Religious experience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual" title="Ritual">Ritual</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liturgy" title="Liturgy">Liturgy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritual_purification" title="Ritual purification">Purification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrifice" title="Sacrifice">Sacrifice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_space" title="Sacred space">Sacred space</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_waters" title="Sacred waters">Bodies of water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_grove" title="Sacred grove">Groves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_mountains" title="Sacred mountains">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_tree" title="Sacred tree">Trees</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul" title="Soul">Soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirituality" title="Spirituality">Spirituality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernatural" title="Supernatural">Supernatural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_symbol" title="Religious symbol">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_text" title="Religious text">Text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_views_on_truth" title="Religious views on truth">Truth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_and_religion" title="Water and religion">Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worship" title="Worship">Worship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Worship_of_heavenly_bodies" title="Worship of heavenly bodies">Astral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_worship" title="Nature worship">Nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_of_worship" title="Place of worship">Place</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Theism" title="Theism">Theism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">Animism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deism" title="Deism">Deism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dualism_in_cosmology" title="Dualism in cosmology">Dualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henotheism" title="Henotheism">Henotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monotheism" title="Monotheism">Monotheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nontheism" title="Nontheism">Nontheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panentheism" title="Panentheism">Panentheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantheism" title="Pantheism">Pantheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">Polytheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transtheism" title="Transtheism">Transtheism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_studies" title="Religious studies">Religious<br />studies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropology_of_religion" title="Anthropology of religion">Anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_science_of_religion" title="Cognitive science of religion">Cognitive science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparative_religion" title="Comparative religion">Comparative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_origin_of_religion" title="Evolutionary origin of religion">Evolutionary origin of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_psychology_of_religion" title="Evolutionary psychology of religion">Evolutionary psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_religion" title="History of religion">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuroscience_of_religion" title="Neuroscience of religion">Neurotheology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_religion" title="Philosophy of religion">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychology_of_religion" title="Psychology of religion">Psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sociology_of_religion" title="Sociology of religion">Sociology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soteriology" title="Soteriology">Soteriology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salvation" title="Salvation">Salvation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">Theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theories_about_religion" title="Theories about religion">Theories about religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_and_religion" title="Women and religion">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_and_society" title="Category:Religion and society">Religion <br />and society</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_agriculture" title="Religion and agriculture">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_business" title="Religion and business">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clericalism" title="Clericalism">Clericalism</a> / <a href="/wiki/Clergy" title="Clergy">Clergy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monasticism" title="Monasticism">Monasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordination" title="Ordination">Ordination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">Priest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_conversion" title="Religious conversion">Conversion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_assimilation" title="Religious assimilation">Assimilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missionary" title="Missionary">Missionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proselytism" title="Proselytism">Proselytism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_and_religion" title="Disability and religion">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_education" title="Religious education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_fanaticism" title="Religious fanaticism">Fanaticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">Freedom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_pluralism" title="Religious pluralism">Pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syncretism" title="Syncretism">Syncretism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toleration" title="Toleration">Toleration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universalism" title="Universalism">Universalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamentalism" title="Fundamentalism">Fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Growth_of_religion" title="Growth of religion">Growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_happiness" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion and happiness">Happiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_and_religion" title="Homosexuality and religion">Homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minority_religion" title="Minority religion">Minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_church" title="National church">National church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Importance_of_religion_by_country" title="Importance of religion by country">National religiosity levels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_politics" title="Religion in politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_populations" title="List of religious populations">Populations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religiocentrism" title="Religiocentrism">Religiocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schism" title="Schism">Schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relationship_between_religion_and_science" title="Relationship between religion and science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">Theocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarianism_and_religion" title="Vegetarianism and religion">Vegetarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_video_games" title="Religion and video games">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence" title="Religious violence">Violence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_terrorism" title="Religious terrorism">Terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_war" title="Religious war">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarian_violence" title="Sectarian violence">Sectarian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wealth_and_religion" title="Wealth and religion">Wealth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">Secularism</a> <br />and <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">irreligion</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agnosticism" title="Agnosticism">Agnosticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antireligion" title="Antireligion">Antireligion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_religion" title="Criticism of religion">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positive_deconstruction" title="Positive deconstruction">Deconstruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivism" title="Objectivism">Objectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_humanism" title="Secular humanism">Secular humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_theology" title="Secular theology">Secular theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularization" title="Secularization">Secularization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religions_and_spiritual_traditions" title="List of religions and spiritual traditions">Unaffiliated</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Overviews<br />and <a href="/wiki/Category:Religion-related_lists" title="Category:Religion-related lists">lists</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Table_of_prophets_of_Abrahamic_religions" title="Table of prophets of Abrahamic religions">Abrahamic prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_who_have_been_considered_deities" title="List of people who have been considered deities">Deification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_deities" title="Lists of deities">Deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_founders_of_religious_traditions" title="List of founders of religious traditions">Founders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_religion-related_articles" title="Index of religion-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_peaceful_gatherings" title="List of largest peaceful gatherings">Mass gatherings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God" title="Names of God">Names of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_religious_movements" title="List of new religious movements">New religious movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religious_organizations" title="List of religious organizations">Organizations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_religion" title="Outline of religion">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_religions_and_spiritual_traditions" title="List of religions and spiritual traditions">Religions and spiritual traditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_studies" title="Religious studies">Scholars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_religion" title="Timeline of religion">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Religion_by_country" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Religion by country</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Africa" title="Religion in Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Algeria" title="Religion in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Angola" title="Religion in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Benin" title="Religion in Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Botswana" title="Religion in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Burkina_Faso" title="Religion in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Burundi" title="Religion in Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cameroon" title="Religion in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cape_Verde" title="Religion in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Religion in the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Chad" title="Religion in Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Comoros" title="Religion in the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Religion in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Religion in the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Djibouti" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Egypt" title="Religion in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Religion in Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Eritrea" title="Religion in Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Eswatini" title="Religion in Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ethiopia" title="Religion in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Gabon" title="Religion in Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Gambia" title="Religion in the Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ghana" title="Religion in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guinea" title="Religion in Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="Religion in Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ivory_Coast" title="Religion in Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kenya" title="Religion in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Lesotho" title="Religion in Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Liberia" title="Religion in Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Libya" title="Religion in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Madagascar" title="Religion in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Malawi" title="Religion in Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mali" title="Religion in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mauritania" title="Religion in Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mauritius" title="Religion in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Morocco" title="Religion in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mozambique" title="Religion in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Namibia" title="Religion in Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Niger" title="Religion in Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nigeria" title="Religion in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Rwanda" title="Religion in Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Religion in São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Senegal" title="Religion in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Seychelles" title="Religion in Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Sierra_Leone" title="Religion in Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Somalia" title="Religion in Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_South_Africa" title="Religion in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_South_Sudan" title="Religion in South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Sudan" title="Religion in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tanzania" title="Religion in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Togo" title="Religion in Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tunisia" title="Religion in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Uganda" title="Religion in Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Zambia" title="Religion in Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Zimbabwe" title="Religion in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Asia" title="Religion in Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Afghanistan" title="Religion in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Armenia" title="Religion in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Azerbaijan" title="Religion in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bahrain" title="Religion in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bangladesh" title="Religion in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bhutan" title="Religion in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Brunei" title="Religion in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cambodia" title="Religion in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_China" title="Religion in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cyprus" title="Religion in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_East_Timor" title="Religion in East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Georgia_(country)" title="Religion in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Hong_Kong" title="Religion in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_India" title="Religion in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Indonesia" title="Religion in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Iran" title="Religion in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Iraq" title="Religion in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Israel" title="Religion in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Japan" title="Religion in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Jordan" title="Religion in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kazakhstan" title="Religion in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Korea" title="Religion in Korea">Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_North_Korea" title="Religion in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_South_Korea" title="Religion in South Korea">South Korea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kuwait" title="Religion in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Religion in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Laos" title="Religion in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Lebanon" title="Religion in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Macau" title="Religion in Macau">Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Malaysia" title="Religion in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Maldives" title="Religion in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Mongolia" title="Religion in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Myanmar" title="Religion in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Nepal" title="Religion in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Oman" title="Religion in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Pakistan" title="Religion in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_State_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Philippines" title="Religion in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Qatar" title="Religion in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Religion in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Singapore" title="Religion in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Religion in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Syria" title="Religion in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Taiwan" title="Religion in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Tajikistan" title="Religion in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Thailand" title="Religion in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Turkey" title="Religion in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Turkmenistan" title="Religion in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Religion in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Uzbekistan" title="Religion in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Vietnam" title="Religion in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Yemen" title="Religion in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Europe" title="Religion in Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Albania" title="Religion in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Andorra" title="Religion in Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Austria" title="Religion in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Belarus" title="Religion in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Belgium" title="Religion in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Religion in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bulgaria" title="Religion in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Croatia" title="Religion in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Czech_Republic" title="Religion in the Czech Republic">Czechia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Denmark" title="Religion in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Estonia" title="Religion in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Finland" title="Religion in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_France" title="Religion in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Germany" title="Religion in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Greece" title="Religion in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Hungary" title="Religion in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Iceland" title="Religion in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Religion in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Italy" title="Religion in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kosovo" title="Religion in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Latvia" title="Religion in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Liechtenstein" title="Religion in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Lithuania" title="Religion in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Luxembourg" title="Religion in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Malta" title="Religion in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Moldova" title="Religion in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Montenegro" title="Religion in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Netherlands" title="Religion in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_North_Macedonia" title="Religion in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Norway" title="Religion in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Poland" title="Religion in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Portugal" title="Religion in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Romania" title="Religion in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Russia" title="Religion in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_San_Marino" title="Religion in San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Serbia" title="Religion in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Slovakia" title="Religion in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Slovenia" title="Religion in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Spain" title="Religion in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Sweden" title="Religion in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Switzerland" title="Religion in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Ukraine" title="Religion in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Religion in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_England" title="Religion in England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Religion in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Scotland" title="Religion in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Wales" title="Religion in Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_North_America" title="Religion in North America">North America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Religion in Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Bahamas" title="Religion in the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Barbados" title="Religion in Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Belize" title="Religion in Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Canada" title="Religion in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Costa_Rica" title="Religion in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cuba" title="Religion in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Dominica" title="Religion in Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Religion in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_El_Salvador" title="Religion in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Grenada" class="mw-redirect" title="Religion in Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a 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