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property="item" typeof="WebPage"><span property="name">References</span></a><meta property="position" content="1"/></li><li property="itemListElement" typeof="ListItem"><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API" class="breadcrumb" property="item" typeof="WebPage"><span property="name">Web APIs</span></a><meta property="position" content="2"/></li><li property="itemListElement" typeof="ListItem"><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window" class="breadcrumb" property="item" typeof="WebPage"><span property="name">Window</span></a><meta property="position" content="3"/></li><li property="itemListElement" typeof="ListItem"><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/open" class="breadcrumb-current-page" property="item" typeof="WebPage"><span property="name">open()</span></a><meta property="position" content="4"/></li></ol></nav><div class="article-actions"><button type="button" class="button action has-icon article-actions-toggle" aria-label="Article actions"><span class="button-wrap"><span class="icon icon-ellipses "></span><span class="article-actions-dialog-heading">Article Actions</span></span></button><ul class="article-actions-entries"><li class="article-actions-entry"><div class="languages-switcher-menu open-on-focus-within"><button id="languages-switcher-button" type="button" class="button action small has-icon languages-switcher-menu" aria-haspopup="menu"><span class="button-wrap"><span class="icon icon-language "></span>English (US)</span></button><div class="hidden"><ul class="submenu language-menu " aria-labelledby="language-menu-button"><li class=" "><form class="submenu-item locale-redirect-setting"><div class="group"><label class="switch"><input type="checkbox" name="locale-redirect"/><span class="slider"></span><span class="label">Remember language</span></label><a href="https://github.com/orgs/mdn/discussions/739" rel="external noopener noreferrer" target="_blank" title="Enable this setting to automatically switch to this language when it's available. (Click to learn more.)"><span class="icon icon-question-mark "></span></a></div></form></li><li class=" "><a data-locale="de" href="/de/docs/Web/API/Window/open" class="button submenu-item"><span>Deutsch</span><span title="Diese Übersetzung ist Teil eines Experiments."><span class="icon icon-experimental "></span></span></a></li><li class=" "><a data-locale="es" href="/es/docs/Web/API/Window/open" class="button submenu-item"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class=" "><a data-locale="fr" href="/fr/docs/Web/API/Window/open" class="button submenu-item"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class=" "><a data-locale="ja" href="/ja/docs/Web/API/Window/open" class="button submenu-item"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class=" "><a data-locale="zh-CN" href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/API/Window/open" class="button submenu-item"><span>中文 (简体)</span></a></li></ul></div></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div><div class="main-wrapper"><div class="sidebar-container"><aside id="sidebar-quicklinks" class="sidebar" data-macro="APIRef"><button type="button" class="button action backdrop" aria-label="Collapse sidebar"><span class="button-wrap"></span></button><nav aria-label="Related Topics" class="sidebar-inner"><header class="sidebar-actions"><section class="sidebar-filter-container"><div class="sidebar-filter "><label id="sidebar-filter-label" class="sidebar-filter-label" for="sidebar-filter-input"><span class="icon icon-filter"></span><span class="visually-hidden">Filter sidebar</span></label><input id="sidebar-filter-input" autoComplete="off" class="sidebar-filter-input-field false" type="text" placeholder="Filter" value=""/><button type="button" class="button action has-icon clear-sidebar-filter-button"><span class="button-wrap"><span class="icon icon-cancel "></span><span class="visually-hidden">Clear filter input</span></span></button></div></section></header><div class="sidebar-inner-nav"><div class="in-nav-toc"><div class="document-toc-container"><section class="document-toc"><header><h2 class="document-toc-heading">In this article</h2></header><ul class="document-toc-list"><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#syntax">Syntax</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#description">Description</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#examples">Examples</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#progressive_enhancement">Progressive enhancement</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#same-origin_policy">Same-origin policy</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#accessibility_concerns">Accessibility concerns</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#specifications">Specifications</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#browser_compatibility">Browser compatibility</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#see_also">See also</a></li></ul></section></div></div><div class="sidebar-body"><ol><li class="section"><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window"><code>Window</code></a></li><li class="toggle"><details open=""><summary>Instance properties</summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/caches"><code>caches</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/closed"><code>closed</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/console"><code>console</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/cookieStore"><code>cookieStore</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-experimental" title="Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future."> <span class="visually-hidden">Experimental</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/credentialless"><code>credentialless</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-experimental" title="Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future."> <span class="visually-hidden">Experimental</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/crossOriginIsolated"><code>crossOriginIsolated</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/crypto"><code>crypto</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/customElements"><code>customElements</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/devicePixelRatio"><code>devicePixelRatio</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/document"><code>document</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/documentPictureInPicture"><code>documentPictureInPicture</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-experimental" title="Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future."> <span class="visually-hidden">Experimental</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/event"><code>event</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/external"><code>external</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/fence"><code>fence</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-experimental" title="Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future."> <span class="visually-hidden">Experimental</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/frameElement"><code>frameElement</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/frames"><code>frames</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/fullScreen"><code>fullScreen</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-nonstandard" title="Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using."> <span class="visually-hidden">Non-standard</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/history"><code>history</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/indexedDB"><code>indexedDB</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/innerHeight"><code>innerHeight</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/innerWidth"><code>innerWidth</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/isSecureContext"><code>isSecureContext</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/launchQueue"><code>launchQueue</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-experimental" title="Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future."> <span class="visually-hidden">Experimental</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/length"><code>length</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/localStorage"><code>localStorage</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/location"><code>location</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/locationbar"><code>locationbar</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/menubar"><code>menubar</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/mozInnerScreenX"><code>mozInnerScreenX</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-nonstandard" title="Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using."> <span class="visually-hidden">Non-standard</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/mozInnerScreenY"><code>mozInnerScreenY</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-nonstandard" title="Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using."> <span class="visually-hidden">Non-standard</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/name"><code>name</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/navigation"><code>navigation</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-experimental" title="Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future."> <span class="visually-hidden">Experimental</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/navigator"><code>navigator</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/opener"><code>opener</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/orientation"><code>orientation</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/origin"><code>origin</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/originAgentCluster"><code>originAgentCluster</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-experimental" title="Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future."> <span class="visually-hidden">Experimental</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/outerHeight"><code>outerHeight</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/outerWidth"><code>outerWidth</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/parent"><code>parent</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/performance"><code>performance</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/personalbar"><code>personalbar</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/scheduler"><code>scheduler</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/screen"><code>screen</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/screenLeft"><code>screenLeft</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/screenTop"><code>screenTop</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/screenX"><code>screenX</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/screenY"><code>screenY</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/scrollbars"><code>scrollbars</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/scrollMaxX"><code>scrollMaxX</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-nonstandard" title="Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using."> <span class="visually-hidden">Non-standard</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/scrollMaxY"><code>scrollMaxY</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-nonstandard" title="Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using."> <span class="visually-hidden">Non-standard</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/scrollX"><code>scrollX</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/scrollY"><code>scrollY</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/self"><code>self</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/sessionStorage"><code>sessionStorage</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/sharedStorage"><code>sharedStorage</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-experimental" title="Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future."> <span class="visually-hidden">Experimental</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/speechSynthesis"><code>speechSynthesis</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/status"><code>status</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/statusbar"><code>statusbar</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/toolbar"><code>toolbar</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/top"><code>top</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/trustedTypes"><code>trustedTypes</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/visualViewport"><code>visualViewport</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/window"><code>window</code></a></li></ol></details></li><li class="toggle"><details open=""><summary>Instance methods</summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/alert"><code>alert()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/atob"><code>atob()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/back"><code>back()</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-nonstandard" title="Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using."> <span class="visually-hidden">Non-standard</span> </abbr><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/blur"><code>blur()</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/btoa"><code>btoa()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/cancelAnimationFrame"><code>cancelAnimationFrame()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/cancelIdleCallback"><code>cancelIdleCallback()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/captureEvents"><code>captureEvents()</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/clearImmediate"><code>clearImmediate()</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-nonstandard" title="Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using."> <span class="visually-hidden">Non-standard</span> </abbr><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/clearInterval"><code>clearInterval()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/clearTimeout"><code>clearTimeout()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/close"><code>close()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/confirm"><code>confirm()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/createImageBitmap"><code>createImageBitmap()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/dump"><code>dump()</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-nonstandard" title="Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using."> <span class="visually-hidden">Non-standard</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/fetch"><code>fetch()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/find"><code>find()</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-nonstandard" title="Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using."> <span class="visually-hidden">Non-standard</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/focus"><code>focus()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/forward"><code>forward()</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-nonstandard" title="Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using."> <span class="visually-hidden">Non-standard</span> </abbr><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/getComputedStyle"><code>getComputedStyle()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/getDefaultComputedStyle"><code>getDefaultComputedStyle()</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-nonstandard" title="Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using."> <span class="visually-hidden">Non-standard</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/getScreenDetails"><code>getScreenDetails()</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-experimental" title="Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future."> <span class="visually-hidden">Experimental</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/getSelection"><code>getSelection()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/matchMedia"><code>matchMedia()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/moveBy"><code>moveBy()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/moveTo"><code>moveTo()</code></a></li><li><em><code>open()</code> </em></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/postMessage"><code>postMessage()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/print"><code>print()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/prompt"><code>prompt()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/queryLocalFonts"><code>queryLocalFonts()</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-experimental" title="Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future."> <span class="visually-hidden">Experimental</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/queueMicrotask"><code>queueMicrotask()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/releaseEvents"><code>releaseEvents()</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/reportError"><code>reportError()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/requestAnimationFrame"><code>requestAnimationFrame()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/requestFileSystem"><code>requestFileSystem()</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-nonstandard" title="Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using."> <span class="visually-hidden">Non-standard</span> </abbr><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/requestIdleCallback"><code>requestIdleCallback()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/resizeBy"><code>resizeBy()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/resizeTo"><code>resizeTo()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/scroll"><code>scroll()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/scrollBy"><code>scrollBy()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/scrollByLines"><code>scrollByLines()</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-nonstandard" title="Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using."> <span class="visually-hidden">Non-standard</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/scrollByPages"><code>scrollByPages()</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-nonstandard" title="Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using."> <span class="visually-hidden">Non-standard</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/scrollTo"><code>scrollTo()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/setImmediate"><code>setImmediate()</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-nonstandard" title="Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using."> <span class="visually-hidden">Non-standard</span> </abbr><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/setInterval"><code>setInterval()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/setResizable"><code>setResizable()</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-nonstandard" title="Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using."> <span class="visually-hidden">Non-standard</span> </abbr><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/setTimeout"><code>setTimeout()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/showDirectoryPicker"><code>showDirectoryPicker()</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-experimental" title="Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future."> <span class="visually-hidden">Experimental</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/showModalDialog"><code>showModalDialog()</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-nonstandard" title="Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using."> <span class="visually-hidden">Non-standard</span> </abbr><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/showOpenFilePicker"><code>showOpenFilePicker()</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-experimental" title="Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future."> <span class="visually-hidden">Experimental</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/showSaveFilePicker"><code>showSaveFilePicker()</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-experimental" title="Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future."> <span class="visually-hidden">Experimental</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/sizeToContent"><code>sizeToContent()</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-nonstandard" title="Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using."> <span class="visually-hidden">Non-standard</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/stop"><code>stop()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/structuredClone"><code>structuredClone()</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/updateCommands"><code>updateCommands()</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-nonstandard" title="Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using."> <span class="visually-hidden">Non-standard</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/webkitConvertPointFromNodeToPage"><code>webkitConvertPointFromNodeToPage()</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-nonstandard" title="Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using."> <span class="visually-hidden">Non-standard</span> </abbr><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/webkitConvertPointFromPageToNode"><code>webkitConvertPointFromPageToNode()</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-nonstandard" title="Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using."> <span class="visually-hidden">Non-standard</span> </abbr><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li></ol></details></li><li class="toggle"><details open=""><summary>Events</summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/afterprint_event"><code>afterprint</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/appinstalled_event"><code>appinstalled</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/beforeinstallprompt_event"><code>beforeinstallprompt</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/beforeprint_event"><code>beforeprint</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/beforeunload_event"><code>beforeunload</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/blur_event"><code>blur</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/copy_event"><code>copy</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/cut_event"><code>cut</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/devicemotion_event"><code>devicemotion</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/deviceorientation_event"><code>deviceorientation</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/deviceorientationabsolute_event"><code>deviceorientationabsolute</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/error_event"><code>error</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/focus_event"><code>focus</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/gamepadconnected_event"><code>gamepadconnected</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/gamepaddisconnected_event"><code>gamepaddisconnected</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/hashchange_event"><code>hashchange</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/languagechange_event"><code>languagechange</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/load_event"><code>load</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/message_event"><code>message</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/messageerror_event"><code>messageerror</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/offline_event"><code>offline</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/online_event"><code>online</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/orientationchange_event"><code>orientationchange</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/pagehide_event"><code>pagehide</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/pagereveal_event"><code>pagereveal</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/pageshow_event"><code>pageshow</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/pageswap_event"><code>pageswap</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/paste_event"><code>paste</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/popstate_event"><code>popstate</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/rejectionhandled_event"><code>rejectionhandled</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/resize_event"><code>resize</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/scrollsnapchange_event"><code>scrollsnapchange</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-experimental" title="Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future."> <span class="visually-hidden">Experimental</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/scrollsnapchanging_event"><code>scrollsnapchanging</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-experimental" title="Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future."> <span class="visually-hidden">Experimental</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/storage_event"><code>storage</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/unhandledrejection_event"><code>unhandledrejection</code></a></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/unload_event"><code>unload</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/vrdisplayactivate_event"><code>vrdisplayactivate</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-nonstandard" title="Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using."> <span class="visually-hidden">Non-standard</span> </abbr><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/vrdisplayconnect_event"><code>vrdisplayconnect</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-nonstandard" title="Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using."> <span class="visually-hidden">Non-standard</span> </abbr><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/vrdisplaydeactivate_event"><code>vrdisplaydeactivate</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-nonstandard" title="Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using."> <span class="visually-hidden">Non-standard</span> </abbr><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/vrdisplaydisconnect_event"><code>vrdisplaydisconnect</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-nonstandard" title="Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using."> <span class="visually-hidden">Non-standard</span> </abbr><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/vrdisplaypresentchange_event"><code>vrdisplaypresentchange</code></a><abbr class="icon icon-nonstandard" title="Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using."> <span class="visually-hidden">Non-standard</span> </abbr><abbr class="icon icon-deprecated" title="Deprecated. Not for use in new websites."> <span class="visually-hidden">Deprecated</span> </abbr></li></ol></details></li><li class="toggle"><details open=""><summary>Inheritance</summary><ol><li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/EventTarget"><code>EventTarget</code></a></li></ol></details></li></ol></div></div><section class="place side"></section></nav></aside><div class="toc-container"><aside class="toc"><nav><div class="document-toc-container"><section class="document-toc"><header><h2 class="document-toc-heading">In this article</h2></header><ul class="document-toc-list"><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#syntax">Syntax</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#description">Description</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#examples">Examples</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#progressive_enhancement">Progressive enhancement</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#same-origin_policy">Same-origin policy</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#accessibility_concerns">Accessibility concerns</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#specifications">Specifications</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#browser_compatibility">Browser compatibility</a></li><li class="document-toc-item "><a class="document-toc-link" href="#see_also">See also</a></li></ul></section></div></nav></aside><section class="place side"></section></div></div><main id="content" class="main-content "><article class="main-page-content" lang="en-US"><header><h1>Window: open() method</h1></header><div class="section-content"><p>The <strong><code>open()</code></strong> method of the <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window"><code>Window</code></a> interface loads a specified resource into a new or existing browsing context (that is, a tab, a window, or an <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/iframe">iframe</a>) under a specified name.</p></div><section aria-labelledby="syntax"><h2 id="syntax"><a href="#syntax">Syntax</a></h2><div class="section-content"><div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">js</span></div><pre class="brush: js notranslate"><code>open() open(url) open(url, target) open(url, target, windowFeatures) </code></pre></div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="parameters"><h3 id="parameters"><a href="#parameters">Parameters</a></h3><div class="section-content"><dl> <dt id="url"><a href="#url"><code>url</code></a> <span class="badge inline optional">Optional</span></dt> <dd> <p>A string indicating the URL or path of the resource to be loaded. If an empty string (<code>""</code>) is specified or this parameter is omitted, a blank page is opened into the targeted browsing context.</p> </dd> <dt id="target"><a href="#target"><code>target</code></a> <span class="badge inline optional">Optional</span></dt> <dd> <p>A string, without whitespace, specifying the <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/name">name</a> of the browsing context the resource is being loaded into. If the name doesn't identify an existing context, a new context is created and given the specified name. The special <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/a#target"><code>target</code> keywords</a>, <code>_self</code>, <code>_blank</code> (default), <code>_parent</code>, <code>_top</code>, and <code>_unfencedTop</code> can also be used. <code>_unfencedTop</code> is only relevant to <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Fenced_frame_API">fenced frames</a>.</p> <p>This name can be used as the <code>target</code> attribute of <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/a#target"><code><a></code></a> or <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/form#target"><code><form></code></a> elements.</p> </dd> <dt id="windowfeatures"><a href="#windowfeatures"><code>windowFeatures</code></a> <span class="badge inline optional">Optional</span></dt> <dd> <p>A string containing a comma-separated list of window features in the form <code>name=value</code>. Boolean values can be set to true using one of: <code>name</code>, <code>name=yes</code>, <code>name=true</code>, or <code>name=n</code> where <code>n</code> is any non-zero integer. These features include options such as the window's default size and position, whether or not to open a minimal popup window, and so forth. The following options are supported:</p> <dl> <dt id="attributionsrc"><a href="#attributionsrc"><code>attributionsrc</code></a> <abbr class="icon icon-experimental" title="Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future."> <span class="visually-hidden">Experimental</span> </abbr></dt> <dd> <p>Indicates that you want the browser to send an <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Attribution-Reporting-Eligible"><code>Attribution-Reporting-Eligible</code></a> header along with the <code>open()</code> call. This call must be made with <a href="/en-US/docs/Glossary/Transient_activation">transient activation</a> (i.e. inside a user interaction event handle such as <code>click</code>), within five seconds of user interaction. On the server-side this is used to trigger sending an <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Attribution-Reporting-Register-Source"><code>Attribution-Reporting-Register-Source</code></a> header in the response to complete registration of an attribution source.</p> <p>In addition, the browser is also triggered to store the associated source data (as provided in the <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Attribution-Reporting-Register-Source"><code>Attribution-Reporting-Register-Source</code></a> response header) when the <code>open()</code> method completes.</p> <p>See the <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Attribution_Reporting_API">Attribution Reporting API</a> for more details.</p> <div class="notecard note"> <p><strong>Note:</strong> <code>open()</code> calls cannot be used to register an attribution trigger.</p> </div> </dd> <dt id="popup"><a href="#popup"><code>popup</code></a></dt> <dd> <p>By default, <code>window.open</code> opens the page in a new tab. If <code>popup</code> is set to true, it requests that a minimal popup window be used. The UI features included in the popup window will be automatically decided by the browser, generally including an address bar only. If <code>popup</code> is present and set to false, a new tab is still opened.</p> <p>There are a few legacy features, which used to control UI features of the opened window. In modern browsers, they only have the effect of requesting a popup. If <code>popup</code> is unspecified, and <code>windowFeatures</code> contains any features (including unrecognized ones) other than <code>noopener</code>, <code>noreferrer</code>, or <code>attributionsrc</code>, the window is also opened as a popup if any of the following conditions apply:</p> <ul> <li><code>location</code> and <code>toolbar</code> are both false or absent</li> <li><code>menubar</code> is false or absent</li> <li><code>resizable</code> is false</li> <li><code>scrollbars</code> is false or absent</li> <li><code>status</code> is false or absent</li> </ul> <p>Otherwise the window is opened as a tab.</p> </dd> <dt id="width"><a href="#width"><code>width</code></a> or <code>innerWidth</code></dt> <dd> <p>Specifies the width of the content area, including scrollbars. The minimum required value is 100.</p> </dd> <dt id="height"><a href="#height"><code>height</code></a> or <code>innerHeight</code></dt> <dd> <p>Specifies the height of the content area, including scrollbars. The minimum required value is 100.</p> </dd> <dt id="left"><a href="#left"><code>left</code></a> or <code>screenX</code></dt> <dd> <p>Specifies the distance in pixels from the left side of the work area as defined by the user's operating system where the new window will be generated.</p> </dd> <dt id="top"><a href="#top"><code>top</code></a> or <code>screenY</code></dt> <dd> <p>Specifies the distance in pixels from the top side of the work area as defined by the user's operating system where the new window will be generated.</p> </dd> <dt id="noopener"><a href="#noopener"><code>noopener</code></a></dt> <dd> <p>If this feature is set, the new window will not have access to the originating window via <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/opener"><code>Window.opener</code></a> and returns <code>null</code>.</p> <p>When <code>noopener</code> is used, non-empty target names, other than <code>_top</code>, <code>_self</code>, and <code>_parent</code>, are treated like <code>_blank</code> in terms of deciding whether to open a new browsing context.</p> </dd> <dt id="noreferrer"><a href="#noreferrer"><code>noreferrer</code></a></dt> <dd> <p>If this feature is set, the browser will omit the <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Referer"><code>Referer</code></a> header, as well as set <code>noopener</code> to true. See <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/rel/noreferrer"><code>rel="noreferrer"</code></a> for more information.</p> </dd> </dl> <p>A <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/null"><code>null</code></a> value is treated the same as the empty string (<code>""</code>).</p> </dd> </dl> <div class="notecard note"> <p><strong>Note:</strong> Requested position (<code>top</code>, <code>left</code>), and requested dimension (<code>width</code>, <code>height</code>) values in <code>windowFeatures</code> <strong>will be corrected</strong> if any of such requested value does not allow the entire browser popup to be rendered within the work area for applications of the user's operating system. In other words, no part of the new popup can be initially positioned offscreen.</p> </div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="return_value"><h3 id="return_value"><a href="#return_value">Return value</a></h3><div class="section-content"><p> If the browser successfully opens the new browsing context, a <a href="/en-US/docs/Glossary/WindowProxy"><code>WindowProxy</code></a> object is returned. The returned reference can be used to access properties and methods of the new context as long as it complies with <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/Security/Same-origin_policy">the same-origin policy</a> security requirements. </p> <p>If the <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy"><code>Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy</code></a> HTTP header is being used, and the document policies are such that the document is opened in a new <a href="/en-US/docs/Glossary/Browsing_context">browsing context group</a>, references to the opened window are severed and the returned object will indicate that the opened window is closed (<a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/closed" title="closed"><code>closed</code></a> is <code>true</code>).</p> <p><code>null</code> is returned if the browser fails to open the new browsing context, for example because it was blocked by a browser popup blocker.</p></div></section><section aria-labelledby="description"><h2 id="description"><a href="#description">Description</a></h2><div class="section-content"><p>The <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window"><code>Window</code></a> interface's <code>open()</code> method takes a URL as a parameter, and loads the resource it identifies into a new or existing tab or window. The <code>target</code> parameter determines which window or tab to load the resource into, and the <code>windowFeatures</code> parameter can be used to control to open a new popup with minimal UI features and control its size and position.</p> <p>Remote URLs won't load immediately. When <code>window.open()</code> returns, the window always contains <code>about:blank</code>. The actual fetching of the URL is deferred and starts after the current script block finishes executing. The window creation and the loading of the referenced resource are done asynchronously.</p> <p>Modern browsers have strict popup blocker policies. Popup windows must be opened in direct response to user input, and a separate user gesture event is required for each <code>Window.open()</code> call. This prevents sites from spamming users with lots of windows. However, this poses an issue for multi-window applications. To work around this limitation, you can design your applications to:</p> <ul> <li>Open no more than one new window at once.</li> <li>Reuse existing windows to display different pages.</li> <li>Advise users on how to update their browser settings to allow multiple windows.</li> </ul></div></section><section aria-labelledby="examples"><h2 id="examples"><a href="#examples">Examples</a></h2><div class="section-content"></div></section><section aria-labelledby="opening_a_new_tab"><h3 id="opening_a_new_tab"><a href="#opening_a_new_tab">Opening a new tab</a></h3><div class="section-content"><div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">js</span></div><pre class="brush: js notranslate"><code>window.open("https://www.mozilla.org/", "mozillaTab"); </code></pre></div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="opening_a_popup"><h3 id="opening_a_popup"><a href="#opening_a_popup">Opening a popup</a></h3><div class="section-content"><p>Alternatively, the following example demonstrates how to open a popup, using the <code>popup</code> feature.</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">js</span></div><pre class="brush: js notranslate"><code>window.open("https://www.mozilla.org/", "mozillaWindow", "popup"); </code></pre></div> <p>It is possible to control the size and position of the new popup:</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">js</span></div><pre class="brush: js notranslate"><code>const windowFeatures = "left=100,top=100,width=320,height=320"; const handle = window.open( "https://www.mozilla.org/", "mozillaWindow", windowFeatures, ); if (!handle) { // The window wasn't allowed to open // This is likely caused by built-in popup blockers. // … } </code></pre></div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="progressive_enhancement"><h2 id="progressive_enhancement"><a href="#progressive_enhancement">Progressive enhancement</a></h2><div class="section-content"><p>In some cases, JavaScript is disabled or unavailable and <code>window.open()</code> will not work. Instead of solely relying on the presence of this feature, we can provide an alternative solution so that the site or application still functions.</p></div></section><section aria-labelledby="provide_alternative_ways_when_javascript_is_disabled"><h3 id="provide_alternative_ways_when_javascript_is_disabled"><a href="#provide_alternative_ways_when_javascript_is_disabled">Provide alternative ways when JavaScript is disabled</a></h3><div class="section-content"><p>If JavaScript support is disabled or non-existent, then the user agent will create a secondary window accordingly or will render the referenced resource according to its handling of the <code>target</code> attribute. The goal and the idea are to provide (and <em>not impose</em>) to the user a way to open the referenced resource.</p> <h4 id="html">HTML</h4> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">html</span></div><pre class="brush: html notranslate"><code><a href="https://www.wikipedia.org/" target="OpenWikipediaWindow"> Wikipedia, a free encyclopedia (opens in another, possibly already existing, tab) </a> </code></pre></div> <h4 id="javascript">JavaScript</h4> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">js</span></div><pre class="brush: js notranslate"><code>let windowObjectReference = null; // global variable function openRequestedTab(url, windowName) { if (windowObjectReference === null || windowObjectReference.closed) { windowObjectReference = window.open(url, windowName); } else { windowObjectReference.focus(); } } const link = document.querySelector("a[target='OpenWikipediaWindow']"); link.addEventListener( "click", (event) => { openRequestedTab(link.href); event.preventDefault(); }, false, ); </code></pre></div> <p>The above code solves a few usability problems related to links opening popups. The purpose of the <code>event.preventDefault()</code> in the code is to cancel the default action of the link: if the event listener for <code>click</code> is executed, then there is no need to execute the default action of the link. But if JavaScript support is disabled or non-existent on the user's browser, then the event listener for <code>click</code> is ignored, and the browser loads the referenced resource in the target frame or window that has the name <code>"WikipediaWindowName"</code>. If no frame nor window has the name <code>"WikipediaWindowName"</code>, then the browser will create a new window and name it <code>"WikipediaWindowName"</code>.</p> <div class="notecard note"> <p><strong>Note:</strong> For more details about the <code>target</code> attribute, see <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/a#target"><code><a></code></a> or <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/form#target"><code><form></code></a>.</p> </div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="reuse_existing_windows_and_avoid_target_blank"><h3 id="reuse_existing_windows_and_avoid_target_blank"><a href="#reuse_existing_windows_and_avoid_target_blank">Reuse existing windows and avoid <code>target="_blank"</code></a></h3><div class="section-content"><p>Using <code>"_blank"</code> as the target attribute value will create several new and unnamed windows on the user's desktop that cannot be recycled or reused. Try to provide a meaningful name to your <code>target</code> attribute and reuse such <code>target</code> attribute on your page so that a click on another link may load the referenced resource in an already created and rendered window (therefore speeding up the process for the user) and therefore justifying the reason (and user system resources, time spent) for creating a secondary window in the first place. Using a single <code>target</code> attribute value and reusing it in links is much more user resources friendly as it only creates one single secondary window, which is recycled.</p> <p>Here is an example where a secondary window can be opened and reused for other links:</p> <h4 id="html_2">HTML</h4> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">html</span></div><pre class="brush: html notranslate"><code><p> <a href="https://www.wikipedia.org/" target="SingleSecondaryWindowName"> Wikipedia, a free encyclopedia (opens in another, possibly already existing, tab) </a> </p> <p> <a href="https://support.mozilla.org/products/firefox" target="SingleSecondaryWindowName"> Firefox FAQ (opens in another, possibly already existing, tab) </a> </p> </code></pre></div> <h4 id="javascript_2">JavaScript</h4> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">js</span></div><pre class="brush: js notranslate"><code>let windowObjectReference = null; // global variable let previousURL; /* global variable that will store the url currently in the secondary window */ function openRequestedSingleTab(url) { if (windowObjectReference === null || windowObjectReference.closed) { windowObjectReference = window.open(url, "SingleSecondaryWindowName"); } else if (previousURL !== url) { windowObjectReference = window.open(url, "SingleSecondaryWindowName"); /* if the resource to load is different, then we load it in the already opened secondary window and then we bring such window back on top/in front of its parent window. */ windowObjectReference.focus(); } else { windowObjectReference.focus(); } previousURL = url; /* explanation: we store the current url in order to compare url in the event of another call of this function. */ } const links = document.querySelectorAll( "a[target='SingleSecondaryWindowName']", ); for (const link of links) { link.addEventListener( "click", (event) => { openRequestedSingleTab(link.href); event.preventDefault(); }, false, ); } </code></pre></div></div></section><section aria-labelledby="same-origin_policy"><h2 id="same-origin_policy"><a href="#same-origin_policy">Same-origin policy</a></h2><div class="section-content"><p>If the newly opened browsing context does not share the same <a href="/en-US/docs/Glossary/Origin">origin</a>, the opening script will not be able to interact (reading or writing) with the browsing context's content.</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">js</span></div><pre class="brush: js example-bad notranslate"><code>// Script from example.com const otherOriginContext = window.open("https://example.org"); // example.com and example.org are not the same origin console.log(otherOriginContext.origin); // DOMException: Permission denied to access property "origin" on cross-origin object </code></pre></div> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">js</span></div><pre class="brush: js example-good notranslate"><code>// Script from example.com const sameOriginContext = window.open("https://example.com"); // This time, the new browsing context has the same origin console.log(sameOriginContext.origin); // https://example.com </code></pre></div> <p>For more information, refer to the <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/Security/Same-origin_policy">Same-origin policy</a> article.</p></div></section><section aria-labelledby="accessibility_concerns"><h2 id="accessibility_concerns"><a href="#accessibility_concerns">Accessibility concerns</a></h2><div class="section-content"></div></section><section aria-labelledby="avoid_resorting_to_window.open"><h3 id="avoid_resorting_to_window.open"><a href="#avoid_resorting_to_window.open">Avoid resorting to window.open()</a></h3><div class="section-content"><p>It is preferable to avoid resorting to <code>window.open()</code>, for several reasons:</p> <ul> <li>Modern browsers offer a popup-blocking feature.</li> <li>Modern browsers offer tab-browsing, and tab-capable browser users prefer opening new tabs to opening new windows in most situations.</li> <li>Users may use browser built-in features or extensions to choose whether to open a link in a new window, in the same window, in a new tab, the same tab, or in the background. Forcing the opening to happen in a specific way, using <code>window.open()</code>, will confuse them and disregard their habits.</li> <li>Popups don't have a menu toolbar, whereas new tabs use the user interface of the browser window; therefore, many users prefer tab-browsing because the interface remains stable.</li> </ul></div></section><section aria-labelledby="never_use_window.open_inline_in_html"><h3 id="never_use_window.open_inline_in_html"><a href="#never_use_window.open_inline_in_html">Never use window.open() inline in HTML</a></h3><div class="section-content"><p>Avoid <code><a href="#" onclick="window.open(…);"></code> or <code><a href="javascript:window\.open(…)" …></code>.</p> <p>These bogus <code>href</code> values cause unexpected behavior when copying/dragging links, opening links in a new tab/window, bookmarking, or when JavaScript is loading, errors, or is disabled. They also convey incorrect semantics to assistive technologies, like screen readers.</p> <p>If necessary, use a <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/button"><code><button></code></a> element instead. In general, <em>you should only use a link for navigation to a real URL</em>.</p></div></section><section aria-labelledby="always_identify_links_leading_to_a_secondary_window"><h3 id="always_identify_links_leading_to_a_secondary_window"><a href="#always_identify_links_leading_to_a_secondary_window">Always identify links leading to a secondary window</a></h3><div class="section-content"><p>Identify links that will open new windows in a way that helps navigation for users.</p> <div class="code-example"><div class="example-header"><span class="language-name">html</span></div><pre class="brush: html notranslate"><code><a target="WikipediaWindow" href="https://www.wikipedia.org"> Wikipedia (opens in new tab) </a> </code></pre></div> <p>The purpose is to warn users of context changes to minimize confusion on the user's part: changing the current window or popping up new windows can be very disorienting to users (in the case of a popup, no toolbar provides a "Previous" button to get back to the previous window).</p> <p>When extreme changes in context are explicitly identified before they occur, then the users can determine if they wish to proceed or so they can be prepared for the change: not only they will not be confused or feel disoriented, but more experienced users can better decide how to open such links (in a new window or not, in the same window, in a new tab or not, in "background" or not).</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://webaim.org/techniques/hypertext/hypertext_links" class="external" target="_blank">WebAIM: Links and Hypertext - Hypertext Links</a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/Accessibility/Understanding_WCAG/Understandable#guideline_3.2_%E2%80%94_predictable_make_web_pages_appear_and_operate_in_predictable_ways">MDN / Understanding WCAG, Guideline 3.2</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20-TECHS/G200.html" class="external" target="_blank">G200: Opening new windows and tabs from a link only when necessary</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20-TECHS/G201.html" class="external" target="_blank">G201: Giving users advanced warning when opening a new window</a></li> </ul></div></section><h2 id="specifications"><a href="#specifications">Specifications</a></h2><table class="standard-table"><thead><tr><th scope="col">Specification</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><a href="https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/nav-history-apis.html#dom-open-dev">HTML Standard <br/><small># dom-open-dev</small></a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom-view/#the-features-argument-to-the-open()-method">CSSOM View Module <br/><small># the-features-argument-to-the-open()-method</small></a></td></tr></tbody></table><h2 id="browser_compatibility"><a href="#browser_compatibility">Browser compatibility</a></h2><p>BCD tables only load in the browser<noscript> with JavaScript enabled. Enable JavaScript to view data.</noscript></p><section aria-labelledby="see_also"><h2 id="see_also"><a href="#see_also">See also</a></h2><div class="section-content"><ul> <li><code>target</code> attribute documentation: <ul> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/a#target"><code><a></code></a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/form#target"><code><form></code></a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/close"><code>window.close()</code></a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/closed"><code>window.closed</code></a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/focus"><code>window.focus()</code></a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/opener"><code>window.opener</code></a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/rel#opener"><code>rel="opener"</code></a> and <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/rel#noopener"><code>rel="noopener"</code></a></li> <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/Security/Same-origin_policy">Same-origin 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href="https://foundation.mozilla.org/">Mozilla Foundation</a>.<br/>Portions of this content are ©1998–2024 by individual mozilla.org contributors. Content available under <a href="/en-US/docs/MDN/Writing_guidelines/Attrib_copyright_license">a Creative Commons license</a>.</p></div></div></footer></div><script type="application/json" id="hydration">{"url":"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/open","doc":{"isMarkdown":true,"isTranslated":false,"isActive":true,"flaws":{},"title":"Window: open() method","mdn_url":"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/open","locale":"en-US","native":"English (US)","browserCompat":["api.Window.open"],"sidebarHTML":"<ol><li class=\"section\"><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window\"><code>Window</code></a></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details open=\"\"><summary>Instance properties</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/caches\"><code>caches</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/closed\"><code>closed</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/console\"><code>console</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/cookieStore\"><code>cookieStore</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-experimental\" title=\"Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Experimental</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/credentialless\"><code>credentialless</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-experimental\" title=\"Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Experimental</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/crossOriginIsolated\"><code>crossOriginIsolated</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/crypto\"><code>crypto</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/customElements\"><code>customElements</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/devicePixelRatio\"><code>devicePixelRatio</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/document\"><code>document</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/documentPictureInPicture\"><code>documentPictureInPicture</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-experimental\" title=\"Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Experimental</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/event\"><code>event</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/external\"><code>external</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/fence\"><code>fence</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-experimental\" title=\"Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Experimental</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/frameElement\"><code>frameElement</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/frames\"><code>frames</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/fullScreen\"><code>fullScreen</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-nonstandard\" title=\"Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Non-standard</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/history\"><code>history</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/indexedDB\"><code>indexedDB</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/innerHeight\"><code>innerHeight</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/innerWidth\"><code>innerWidth</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/isSecureContext\"><code>isSecureContext</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/launchQueue\"><code>launchQueue</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-experimental\" title=\"Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Experimental</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/length\"><code>length</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/localStorage\"><code>localStorage</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/location\"><code>location</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/locationbar\"><code>locationbar</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/menubar\"><code>menubar</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/mozInnerScreenX\"><code>mozInnerScreenX</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-nonstandard\" title=\"Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Non-standard</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/mozInnerScreenY\"><code>mozInnerScreenY</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-nonstandard\" title=\"Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Non-standard</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/name\"><code>name</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/navigation\"><code>navigation</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-experimental\" title=\"Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Experimental</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/navigator\"><code>navigator</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/opener\"><code>opener</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/orientation\"><code>orientation</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/origin\"><code>origin</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/originAgentCluster\"><code>originAgentCluster</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-experimental\" title=\"Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Experimental</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/outerHeight\"><code>outerHeight</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/outerWidth\"><code>outerWidth</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/parent\"><code>parent</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/performance\"><code>performance</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/personalbar\"><code>personalbar</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/scheduler\"><code>scheduler</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/screen\"><code>screen</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/screenLeft\"><code>screenLeft</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/screenTop\"><code>screenTop</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/screenX\"><code>screenX</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/screenY\"><code>screenY</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/scrollbars\"><code>scrollbars</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/scrollMaxX\"><code>scrollMaxX</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-nonstandard\" title=\"Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Non-standard</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/scrollMaxY\"><code>scrollMaxY</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-nonstandard\" title=\"Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Non-standard</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/scrollX\"><code>scrollX</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/scrollY\"><code>scrollY</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/self\"><code>self</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/sessionStorage\"><code>sessionStorage</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/sharedStorage\"><code>sharedStorage</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-experimental\" title=\"Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Experimental</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/speechSynthesis\"><code>speechSynthesis</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/status\"><code>status</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/statusbar\"><code>statusbar</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/toolbar\"><code>toolbar</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/top\"><code>top</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/trustedTypes\"><code>trustedTypes</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/visualViewport\"><code>visualViewport</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/window\"><code>window</code></a></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details open=\"\"><summary>Instance methods</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/alert\"><code>alert()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/atob\"><code>atob()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/back\"><code>back()</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-nonstandard\" title=\"Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Non-standard</span>\n</abbr><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/blur\"><code>blur()</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/btoa\"><code>btoa()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/cancelAnimationFrame\"><code>cancelAnimationFrame()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/cancelIdleCallback\"><code>cancelIdleCallback()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/captureEvents\"><code>captureEvents()</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/clearImmediate\"><code>clearImmediate()</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-nonstandard\" title=\"Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Non-standard</span>\n</abbr><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/clearInterval\"><code>clearInterval()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/clearTimeout\"><code>clearTimeout()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/close\"><code>close()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/confirm\"><code>confirm()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/createImageBitmap\"><code>createImageBitmap()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/dump\"><code>dump()</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-nonstandard\" title=\"Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Non-standard</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/fetch\"><code>fetch()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/find\"><code>find()</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-nonstandard\" title=\"Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Non-standard</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/focus\"><code>focus()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/forward\"><code>forward()</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-nonstandard\" title=\"Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Non-standard</span>\n</abbr><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/getComputedStyle\"><code>getComputedStyle()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/getDefaultComputedStyle\"><code>getDefaultComputedStyle()</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-nonstandard\" title=\"Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Non-standard</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/getScreenDetails\"><code>getScreenDetails()</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-experimental\" title=\"Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Experimental</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/getSelection\"><code>getSelection()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/matchMedia\"><code>matchMedia()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/moveBy\"><code>moveBy()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/moveTo\"><code>moveTo()</code></a></li><li><em><code>open()</code> </em></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/postMessage\"><code>postMessage()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/print\"><code>print()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/prompt\"><code>prompt()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/queryLocalFonts\"><code>queryLocalFonts()</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-experimental\" title=\"Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Experimental</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/queueMicrotask\"><code>queueMicrotask()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/releaseEvents\"><code>releaseEvents()</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/reportError\"><code>reportError()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/requestAnimationFrame\"><code>requestAnimationFrame()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/requestFileSystem\"><code>requestFileSystem()</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-nonstandard\" title=\"Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Non-standard</span>\n</abbr><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/requestIdleCallback\"><code>requestIdleCallback()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/resizeBy\"><code>resizeBy()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/resizeTo\"><code>resizeTo()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/scroll\"><code>scroll()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/scrollBy\"><code>scrollBy()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/scrollByLines\"><code>scrollByLines()</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-nonstandard\" title=\"Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Non-standard</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/scrollByPages\"><code>scrollByPages()</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-nonstandard\" title=\"Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Non-standard</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/scrollTo\"><code>scrollTo()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/setImmediate\"><code>setImmediate()</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-nonstandard\" title=\"Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Non-standard</span>\n</abbr><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/setInterval\"><code>setInterval()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/setResizable\"><code>setResizable()</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-nonstandard\" title=\"Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Non-standard</span>\n</abbr><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/setTimeout\"><code>setTimeout()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/showDirectoryPicker\"><code>showDirectoryPicker()</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-experimental\" title=\"Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Experimental</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/showModalDialog\"><code>showModalDialog()</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-nonstandard\" title=\"Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Non-standard</span>\n</abbr><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/showOpenFilePicker\"><code>showOpenFilePicker()</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-experimental\" title=\"Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Experimental</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/showSaveFilePicker\"><code>showSaveFilePicker()</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-experimental\" title=\"Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Experimental</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/sizeToContent\"><code>sizeToContent()</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-nonstandard\" title=\"Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Non-standard</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/stop\"><code>stop()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/structuredClone\"><code>structuredClone()</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/updateCommands\"><code>updateCommands()</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-nonstandard\" title=\"Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Non-standard</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/webkitConvertPointFromNodeToPage\"><code>webkitConvertPointFromNodeToPage()</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-nonstandard\" title=\"Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Non-standard</span>\n</abbr><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/webkitConvertPointFromPageToNode\"><code>webkitConvertPointFromPageToNode()</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-nonstandard\" title=\"Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Non-standard</span>\n</abbr><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details open=\"\"><summary>Events</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/afterprint_event\"><code>afterprint</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/appinstalled_event\"><code>appinstalled</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/beforeinstallprompt_event\"><code>beforeinstallprompt</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/beforeprint_event\"><code>beforeprint</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/beforeunload_event\"><code>beforeunload</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/blur_event\"><code>blur</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/copy_event\"><code>copy</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/cut_event\"><code>cut</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/devicemotion_event\"><code>devicemotion</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/deviceorientation_event\"><code>deviceorientation</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/deviceorientationabsolute_event\"><code>deviceorientationabsolute</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/error_event\"><code>error</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/focus_event\"><code>focus</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/gamepadconnected_event\"><code>gamepadconnected</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/gamepaddisconnected_event\"><code>gamepaddisconnected</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/hashchange_event\"><code>hashchange</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/languagechange_event\"><code>languagechange</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/load_event\"><code>load</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/message_event\"><code>message</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/messageerror_event\"><code>messageerror</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/offline_event\"><code>offline</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/online_event\"><code>online</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/orientationchange_event\"><code>orientationchange</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/pagehide_event\"><code>pagehide</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/pagereveal_event\"><code>pagereveal</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/pageshow_event\"><code>pageshow</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/pageswap_event\"><code>pageswap</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/paste_event\"><code>paste</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/popstate_event\"><code>popstate</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/rejectionhandled_event\"><code>rejectionhandled</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/resize_event\"><code>resize</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/scrollsnapchange_event\"><code>scrollsnapchange</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-experimental\" title=\"Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Experimental</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/scrollsnapchanging_event\"><code>scrollsnapchanging</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-experimental\" title=\"Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Experimental</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/storage_event\"><code>storage</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/unhandledrejection_event\"><code>unhandledrejection</code></a></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/unload_event\"><code>unload</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/vrdisplayactivate_event\"><code>vrdisplayactivate</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-nonstandard\" title=\"Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Non-standard</span>\n</abbr><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/vrdisplayconnect_event\"><code>vrdisplayconnect</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-nonstandard\" title=\"Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Non-standard</span>\n</abbr><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/vrdisplaydeactivate_event\"><code>vrdisplaydeactivate</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-nonstandard\" title=\"Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Non-standard</span>\n</abbr><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/vrdisplaydisconnect_event\"><code>vrdisplaydisconnect</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-nonstandard\" title=\"Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Non-standard</span>\n</abbr><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/vrdisplaypresentchange_event\"><code>vrdisplaypresentchange</code></a><abbr class=\"icon icon-nonstandard\" title=\"Non-standard. Check cross-browser support before using.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Non-standard</span>\n</abbr><abbr class=\"icon icon-deprecated\" title=\"Deprecated. Not for use in new websites.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Deprecated</span>\n</abbr></li></ol></details></li><li class=\"toggle\"><details open=\"\"><summary>Inheritance</summary><ol><li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/EventTarget\"><code>EventTarget</code></a></li></ol></details></li></ol>","sidebarMacro":"APIRef","body":[{"type":"prose","value":{"id":null,"title":null,"isH3":false,"content":"<p>The <strong><code>open()</code></strong> method of the <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window\"><code>Window</code></a> interface loads a specified resource into a new or existing browsing context (that is, a tab, a window, or an <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/iframe\">iframe</a>) under a specified name.</p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"syntax","title":"Syntax","isH3":false,"content":"<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">js</span></div><pre class=\"brush: js notranslate\"><code>open()\nopen(url)\nopen(url, target)\nopen(url, target, windowFeatures)\n</code></pre></div>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"parameters","title":"Parameters","isH3":true,"content":"<dl>\n <dt id=\"url\"><a href=\"#url\"><code>url</code></a> <span class=\"badge inline optional\">Optional</span></dt>\n <dd>\n <p>A string indicating the URL or path of the resource to be loaded. If an empty string (<code>\"\"</code>) is specified or this parameter is omitted, a blank page is opened into the targeted browsing context.</p>\n </dd>\n <dt id=\"target\"><a href=\"#target\"><code>target</code></a> <span class=\"badge inline optional\">Optional</span></dt>\n <dd>\n <p>A string, without whitespace, specifying the <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/name\">name</a> of the browsing context the resource is being loaded into. If the name doesn't identify an existing context, a new context is created and given the specified name. The special <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/a#target\"><code>target</code> keywords</a>, <code>_self</code>, <code>_blank</code> (default), <code>_parent</code>, <code>_top</code>, and <code>_unfencedTop</code> can also be used. <code>_unfencedTop</code> is only relevant to <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Fenced_frame_API\">fenced frames</a>.</p>\n <p>This name can be used as the <code>target</code> attribute of <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/a#target\"><code><a></code></a> or <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/form#target\"><code><form></code></a> elements.</p>\n </dd>\n <dt id=\"windowfeatures\"><a href=\"#windowfeatures\"><code>windowFeatures</code></a> <span class=\"badge inline optional\">Optional</span></dt>\n <dd>\n <p>A string containing a comma-separated list of window features in the form <code>name=value</code>. Boolean values can be set to true using one of: <code>name</code>, <code>name=yes</code>, <code>name=true</code>, or <code>name=n</code> where <code>n</code> is any non-zero integer. These features include options such as the window's default size and position, whether or not to open a minimal popup window, and so forth. The following options are supported:</p>\n <dl>\n <dt id=\"attributionsrc\"><a href=\"#attributionsrc\"><code>attributionsrc</code></a> <abbr class=\"icon icon-experimental\" title=\"Experimental. Expect behavior to change in the future.\">\n <span class=\"visually-hidden\">Experimental</span>\n</abbr></dt>\n <dd>\n <p>Indicates that you want the browser to send an <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Attribution-Reporting-Eligible\"><code>Attribution-Reporting-Eligible</code></a> header along with the <code>open()</code> call. This call must be made with <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Glossary/Transient_activation\">transient activation</a> (i.e. inside a user interaction event handle such as <code>click</code>), within five seconds of user interaction. On the server-side this is used to trigger sending an <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Attribution-Reporting-Register-Source\"><code>Attribution-Reporting-Register-Source</code></a> header in the response to complete registration of an attribution source.</p>\n <p>In addition, the browser is also triggered to store the associated source data (as provided in the <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Attribution-Reporting-Register-Source\"><code>Attribution-Reporting-Register-Source</code></a> response header) when the <code>open()</code> method completes.</p>\n <p>See the <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Attribution_Reporting_API\">Attribution Reporting API</a> for more details.</p>\n <div class=\"notecard note\">\n <p><strong>Note:</strong> <code>open()</code> calls cannot be used to register an attribution trigger.</p>\n </div>\n </dd>\n <dt id=\"popup\"><a href=\"#popup\"><code>popup</code></a></dt>\n <dd>\n <p>By default, <code>window.open</code> opens the page in a new tab. If <code>popup</code> is set to true, it requests that a minimal popup window be used. The UI features included in the popup window will be automatically decided by the browser, generally including an address bar only. If <code>popup</code> is present and set to false, a new tab is still opened.</p>\n <p>There are a few legacy features, which used to control UI features of the opened window. In modern browsers, they only have the effect of requesting a popup. If <code>popup</code> is unspecified, and <code>windowFeatures</code> contains any features (including unrecognized ones) other than <code>noopener</code>, <code>noreferrer</code>, or <code>attributionsrc</code>, the window is also opened as a popup if any of the following conditions apply:</p>\n <ul>\n <li><code>location</code> and <code>toolbar</code> are both false or absent</li>\n <li><code>menubar</code> is false or absent</li>\n <li><code>resizable</code> is false</li>\n <li><code>scrollbars</code> is false or absent</li>\n <li><code>status</code> is false or absent</li>\n </ul>\n <p>Otherwise the window is opened as a tab.</p>\n </dd>\n <dt id=\"width\"><a href=\"#width\"><code>width</code></a> or <code>innerWidth</code></dt>\n <dd>\n <p>Specifies the width of the content area, including scrollbars. The minimum required value is 100.</p>\n </dd>\n <dt id=\"height\"><a href=\"#height\"><code>height</code></a> or <code>innerHeight</code></dt>\n <dd>\n <p>Specifies the height of the content area, including scrollbars. The minimum required value is 100.</p>\n </dd>\n <dt id=\"left\"><a href=\"#left\"><code>left</code></a> or <code>screenX</code></dt>\n <dd>\n <p>Specifies the distance in pixels from the left side of the work area as defined by the user's operating system where the new window will be generated.</p>\n </dd>\n <dt id=\"top\"><a href=\"#top\"><code>top</code></a> or <code>screenY</code></dt>\n <dd>\n <p>Specifies the distance in pixels from the top side of the work area as defined by the user's operating system where the new window will be generated.</p>\n </dd>\n <dt id=\"noopener\"><a href=\"#noopener\"><code>noopener</code></a></dt>\n <dd>\n <p>If this feature is set, the new window will not have access to the originating window via <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/opener\"><code>Window.opener</code></a> and returns <code>null</code>.</p>\n <p>When <code>noopener</code> is used, non-empty target names, other than <code>_top</code>, <code>_self</code>, and <code>_parent</code>, are treated like <code>_blank</code> in terms of deciding whether to open a new browsing context.</p>\n </dd>\n <dt id=\"noreferrer\"><a href=\"#noreferrer\"><code>noreferrer</code></a></dt>\n <dd>\n <p>If this feature is set, the browser will omit the <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Referer\"><code>Referer</code></a> header, as well as set <code>noopener</code> to true. See <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/rel/noreferrer\"><code>rel=\"noreferrer\"</code></a> for more information.</p>\n </dd>\n </dl>\n <p>A <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/null\"><code>null</code></a> value is treated the same as the empty string (<code>\"\"</code>).</p>\n </dd>\n</dl>\n<div class=\"notecard note\">\n <p><strong>Note:</strong> Requested position (<code>top</code>, <code>left</code>), and requested dimension (<code>width</code>, <code>height</code>) values in <code>windowFeatures</code> <strong>will be corrected</strong> if any of such requested value does not allow the entire browser popup to be rendered within the work area for applications of the user's operating system. In other words, no part of the new popup can be initially positioned offscreen.</p>\n</div>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"return_value","title":"Return value","isH3":true,"content":"<p>\n If the browser successfully opens the new browsing context, a <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Glossary/WindowProxy\"><code>WindowProxy</code></a> object is returned.\n The returned reference can be used to access properties and methods of the new context as long as it complies with <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/Security/Same-origin_policy\">the same-origin policy</a> security requirements.\n</p>\n<p>If the <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy\"><code>Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy</code></a> HTTP header is being used, and the document policies are such that the document is opened in a new <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Glossary/Browsing_context\">browsing context group</a>, references to the opened window are severed and the returned object will indicate that the opened window is closed (<a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/closed\" title=\"closed\"><code>closed</code></a> is <code>true</code>).</p>\n<p><code>null</code> is returned if the browser fails to open the new browsing context, for example because it was blocked by a browser popup blocker.</p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"description","title":"Description","isH3":false,"content":"<p>The <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window\"><code>Window</code></a> interface's <code>open()</code> method takes a URL as a parameter, and loads the resource it identifies into a new or existing tab or window. The <code>target</code> parameter determines which window or tab to load the resource into, and the <code>windowFeatures</code> parameter can be used to control to open a new popup with minimal UI features and control its size and position.</p>\n<p>Remote URLs won't load immediately. When <code>window.open()</code> returns, the window always contains <code>about:blank</code>. The actual fetching of the URL is deferred and starts after the current script block finishes executing. The window creation and the loading of the referenced resource are done asynchronously.</p>\n<p>Modern browsers have strict popup blocker policies. Popup windows must be opened in direct response to user input, and a separate user gesture event is required for each <code>Window.open()</code> call. This prevents sites from spamming users with lots of windows. However, this poses an issue for multi-window applications. To work around this limitation, you can design your applications to:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Open no more than one new window at once.</li>\n <li>Reuse existing windows to display different pages.</li>\n <li>Advise users on how to update their browser settings to allow multiple windows.</li>\n</ul>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"examples","title":"Examples","isH3":false,"content":""}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"opening_a_new_tab","title":"Opening a new tab","isH3":true,"content":"<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">js</span></div><pre class=\"brush: js notranslate\"><code>window.open(\"https://www.mozilla.org/\", \"mozillaTab\");\n</code></pre></div>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"opening_a_popup","title":"Opening a popup","isH3":true,"content":"<p>Alternatively, the following example demonstrates how to open a popup, using the <code>popup</code> feature.</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">js</span></div><pre class=\"brush: js notranslate\"><code>window.open(\"https://www.mozilla.org/\", \"mozillaWindow\", \"popup\");\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>It is possible to control the size and position of the new popup:</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">js</span></div><pre class=\"brush: js notranslate\"><code>const windowFeatures = \"left=100,top=100,width=320,height=320\";\nconst handle = window.open(\n \"https://www.mozilla.org/\",\n \"mozillaWindow\",\n windowFeatures,\n);\nif (!handle) {\n // The window wasn't allowed to open\n // This is likely caused by built-in popup blockers.\n // …\n}\n</code></pre></div>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"progressive_enhancement","title":"Progressive enhancement","isH3":false,"content":"<p>In some cases, JavaScript is disabled or unavailable and <code>window.open()</code> will not work. Instead of solely relying on the presence of this feature, we can provide an alternative solution so that the site or application still functions.</p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"provide_alternative_ways_when_javascript_is_disabled","title":"Provide alternative ways when JavaScript is disabled","isH3":true,"content":"<p>If JavaScript support is disabled or non-existent, then the user agent will create a secondary window accordingly or will render the referenced resource according to its handling of the <code>target</code> attribute. The goal and the idea are to provide (and <em>not impose</em>) to the user a way to open the referenced resource.</p>\n<h4 id=\"html\">HTML</h4>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">html</span></div><pre class=\"brush: html notranslate\"><code><a href=\"https://www.wikipedia.org/\" target=\"OpenWikipediaWindow\">\n Wikipedia, a free encyclopedia (opens in another, possibly already existing,\n tab)\n</a>\n</code></pre></div>\n<h4 id=\"javascript\">JavaScript</h4>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">js</span></div><pre class=\"brush: js notranslate\"><code>let windowObjectReference = null; // global variable\nfunction openRequestedTab(url, windowName) {\n if (windowObjectReference === null || windowObjectReference.closed) {\n windowObjectReference = window.open(url, windowName);\n } else {\n windowObjectReference.focus();\n }\n}\n\nconst link = document.querySelector(\"a[target='OpenWikipediaWindow']\");\nlink.addEventListener(\n \"click\",\n (event) => {\n openRequestedTab(link.href);\n event.preventDefault();\n },\n false,\n);\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>The above code solves a few usability problems related to links opening popups. The purpose of the <code>event.preventDefault()</code> in the code is to cancel the default action of the link: if the event listener for <code>click</code> is executed, then there is no need to execute the default action of the link. But if JavaScript support is disabled or non-existent on the user's browser, then the event listener for <code>click</code> is ignored, and the browser loads the referenced resource in the target frame or window that has the name <code>\"WikipediaWindowName\"</code>. If no frame nor window has the name <code>\"WikipediaWindowName\"</code>, then the browser will create a new window and name it <code>\"WikipediaWindowName\"</code>.</p>\n<div class=\"notecard note\">\n <p><strong>Note:</strong> For more details about the <code>target</code> attribute, see <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/a#target\"><code><a></code></a> or <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/form#target\"><code><form></code></a>.</p>\n</div>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"reuse_existing_windows_and_avoid_target_blank","title":"Reuse existing windows and avoid <code>target=\"_blank\"</code>","isH3":true,"content":"<p>Using <code>\"_blank\"</code> as the target attribute value will create several new and unnamed windows on the user's desktop that cannot be recycled or reused. Try to provide a meaningful name to your <code>target</code> attribute and reuse such <code>target</code> attribute on your page so that a click on another link may load the referenced resource in an already created and rendered window (therefore speeding up the process for the user) and therefore justifying the reason (and user system resources, time spent) for creating a secondary window in the first place. Using a single <code>target</code> attribute value and reusing it in links is much more user resources friendly as it only creates one single secondary window, which is recycled.</p>\n<p>Here is an example where a secondary window can be opened and reused for other links:</p>\n<h4 id=\"html_2\">HTML</h4>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">html</span></div><pre class=\"brush: html notranslate\"><code><p>\n <a href=\"https://www.wikipedia.org/\" target=\"SingleSecondaryWindowName\">\n Wikipedia, a free encyclopedia (opens in another, possibly already existing,\n tab)\n </a>\n</p>\n<p>\n <a\n href=\"https://support.mozilla.org/products/firefox\"\n target=\"SingleSecondaryWindowName\">\n Firefox FAQ (opens in another, possibly already existing, tab)\n </a>\n</p>\n</code></pre></div>\n<h4 id=\"javascript_2\">JavaScript</h4>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">js</span></div><pre class=\"brush: js notranslate\"><code>let windowObjectReference = null; // global variable\nlet previousURL; /* global variable that will store the\n url currently in the secondary window */\nfunction openRequestedSingleTab(url) {\n if (windowObjectReference === null || windowObjectReference.closed) {\n windowObjectReference = window.open(url, \"SingleSecondaryWindowName\");\n } else if (previousURL !== url) {\n windowObjectReference = window.open(url, \"SingleSecondaryWindowName\");\n /* if the resource to load is different,\n then we load it in the already opened secondary window and then\n we bring such window back on top/in front of its parent window. */\n windowObjectReference.focus();\n } else {\n windowObjectReference.focus();\n }\n previousURL = url;\n /* explanation: we store the current url in order to compare url\n in the event of another call of this function. */\n}\n\nconst links = document.querySelectorAll(\n \"a[target='SingleSecondaryWindowName']\",\n);\nfor (const link of links) {\n link.addEventListener(\n \"click\",\n (event) => {\n openRequestedSingleTab(link.href);\n event.preventDefault();\n },\n false,\n );\n}\n</code></pre></div>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"same-origin_policy","title":"Same-origin policy","isH3":false,"content":"<p>If the newly opened browsing context does not share the same <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Glossary/Origin\">origin</a>, the opening script will not be able to interact (reading or writing) with the browsing context's content.</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">js</span></div><pre class=\"brush: js example-bad notranslate\"><code>// Script from example.com\nconst otherOriginContext = window.open(\"https://example.org\");\n// example.com and example.org are not the same origin\n\nconsole.log(otherOriginContext.origin);\n// DOMException: Permission denied to access property \"origin\" on cross-origin object\n</code></pre></div>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">js</span></div><pre class=\"brush: js example-good notranslate\"><code>// Script from example.com\nconst sameOriginContext = window.open(\"https://example.com\");\n// This time, the new browsing context has the same origin\n\nconsole.log(sameOriginContext.origin);\n// https://example.com\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>For more information, refer to the <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/Security/Same-origin_policy\">Same-origin policy</a> article.</p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"accessibility_concerns","title":"Accessibility concerns","isH3":false,"content":""}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"avoid_resorting_to_window.open","title":"Avoid resorting to window.open()","isH3":true,"content":"<p>It is preferable to avoid resorting to <code>window.open()</code>, for several reasons:</p>\n<ul>\n <li>Modern browsers offer a popup-blocking feature.</li>\n <li>Modern browsers offer tab-browsing, and tab-capable browser users prefer opening new tabs to opening new windows in most situations.</li>\n <li>Users may use browser built-in features or extensions to choose whether to open a link in a new window, in the same window, in a new tab, the same tab, or in the background. Forcing the opening to happen in a specific way, using <code>window.open()</code>, will confuse them and disregard their habits.</li>\n <li>Popups don't have a menu toolbar, whereas new tabs use the user interface of the browser window; therefore, many users prefer tab-browsing because the interface remains stable.</li>\n</ul>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"never_use_window.open_inline_in_html","title":"Never use window.open() inline in HTML","isH3":true,"content":"<p>Avoid <code><a href=\"#\" onclick=\"window.open(…);\"></code> or <code><a href=\"javascript:window\\.open(…)\" …></code>.</p>\n<p>These bogus <code>href</code> values cause unexpected behavior when copying/dragging links, opening links in a new tab/window, bookmarking, or when JavaScript is loading, errors, or is disabled. They also convey incorrect semantics to assistive technologies, like screen readers.</p>\n<p>If necessary, use a <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/button\"><code><button></code></a> element instead. In general, <em>you should only use a link for navigation to a real URL</em>.</p>"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"always_identify_links_leading_to_a_secondary_window","title":"Always identify links leading to a secondary window","isH3":true,"content":"<p>Identify links that will open new windows in a way that helps navigation for users.</p>\n<div class=\"code-example\"><div class=\"example-header\"><span class=\"language-name\">html</span></div><pre class=\"brush: html notranslate\"><code><a target=\"WikipediaWindow\" href=\"https://www.wikipedia.org\">\n Wikipedia (opens in new tab)\n</a>\n</code></pre></div>\n<p>The purpose is to warn users of context changes to minimize confusion on the user's part: changing the current window or popping up new windows can be very disorienting to users (in the case of a popup, no toolbar provides a \"Previous\" button to get back to the previous window).</p>\n<p>When extreme changes in context are explicitly identified before they occur, then the users can determine if they wish to proceed or so they can be prepared for the change: not only they will not be confused or feel disoriented, but more experienced users can better decide how to open such links (in a new window or not, in the same window, in a new tab or not, in \"background\" or not).</p>\n<ul>\n <li><a href=\"https://webaim.org/techniques/hypertext/hypertext_links\" class=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">WebAIM: Links and Hypertext - Hypertext Links</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/Accessibility/Understanding_WCAG/Understandable#guideline_3.2_%E2%80%94_predictable_make_web_pages_appear_and_operate_in_predictable_ways\">MDN / Understanding WCAG, Guideline 3.2</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20-TECHS/G200.html\" class=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">G200: Opening new windows and tabs from a link only when necessary</a></li>\n <li><a href=\"https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20-TECHS/G201.html\" class=\"external\" target=\"_blank\">G201: Giving users advanced warning when opening a new window</a></li>\n</ul>"}},{"type":"specifications","value":{"title":"Specifications","id":"specifications","isH3":false,"specifications":[{"bcdSpecificationURL":"https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/nav-history-apis.html#dom-open-dev","title":"HTML Standard"},{"bcdSpecificationURL":"https://drafts.csswg.org/cssom-view/#the-features-argument-to-the-open()-method","title":"CSSOM View Module"}],"query":"api.Window.open"}},{"type":"browser_compatibility","value":{"title":"Browser compatibility","id":"browser_compatibility","isH3":false,"query":"api.Window.open"}},{"type":"prose","value":{"id":"see_also","title":"See also","isH3":false,"content":"<ul>\n <li><code>target</code> attribute documentation:\n <ul>\n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/a#target\"><code><a></code></a></li>\n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/form#target\"><code><form></code></a></li>\n </ul>\n </li>\n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/close\"><code>window.close()</code></a></li>\n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/closed\"><code>window.closed</code></a></li>\n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/focus\"><code>window.focus()</code></a></li>\n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/opener\"><code>window.opener</code></a></li>\n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/rel#opener\"><code>rel=\"opener\"</code></a> and <a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Attributes/rel#noopener\"><code>rel=\"noopener\"</code></a></li>\n <li><a href=\"/en-US/docs/Web/Security/Same-origin_policy\">Same-origin policy</a></li>\n</ul>"}}],"toc":[{"text":"Syntax","id":"syntax"},{"text":"Description","id":"description"},{"text":"Examples","id":"examples"},{"text":"Progressive enhancement","id":"progressive_enhancement"},{"text":"Same-origin policy","id":"same-origin_policy"},{"text":"Accessibility concerns","id":"accessibility_concerns"},{"text":"Specifications","id":"specifications"},{"text":"Browser compatibility","id":"browser_compatibility"},{"text":"See also","id":"see_also"}],"summary":"The open() method of the Window interface loads a specified resource into a new or existing browsing context (that is, a tab, a window, or an iframe) under a specified name.","popularity":0.0783,"modified":"2024-11-12T07:03:04.000Z","other_translations":[{"locale":"de","title":"Window: open() Methode","native":"Deutsch"},{"locale":"es","title":"Window.open()","native":"Español"},{"locale":"fr","title":"Window.open()","native":"Français"},{"locale":"ja","title":"Window: open() メソッド","native":"日本語"},{"locale":"zh-CN","title":"Window：open() 方法","native":"中文 (简体)"}],"pageType":"web-api-instance-method","source":{"folder":"en-us/web/api/window/open","github_url":"https://github.com/mdn/content/blob/main/files/en-us/web/api/window/open/index.md","last_commit_url":"https://github.com/mdn/content/commit/070ea0f4ceb3264e21253f63647e12a09bbdfd60","filename":"index.md"},"short_title":"open()","parents":[{"uri":"/en-US/docs/Web","title":"References"},{"uri":"/en-US/docs/Web/API","title":"Web APIs"},{"uri":"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window","title":"Window"},{"uri":"/en-US/docs/Web/API/Window/open","title":"open()"}],"pageTitle":"Window: open() method - Web APIs | MDN","noIndexing":false}}</script></body></html>