CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '913409e91fbdfe01',cH: '462hR9DNEyXYlu6DHy9MhdooTiWlk6BUynCjEnRm.QE-1739777076-1.2.1.1-xc5s_9eagYLde2EjOvxY0L_B0i_YEqXXKhn2TU3WAiP8RI_1EP4s841cNCctfSD8',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=tribal&__cf_chl_tk=JO3HTo1igpr.wWq82qqJbOFxZK3aDYjO2sweyL2hhWI-1739777076-1.0.1.1-Iq119Nvt7Mx_UaG.2xiZBrnM2HrbEaPp6JEvMMPzzyw",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739777076',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=tribal&__cf_chl_f_tk=JO3HTo1igpr.wWq82qqJbOFxZK3aDYjO2sweyL2hhWI-1739777076-1.0.1.1-Iq119Nvt7Mx_UaG.2xiZBrnM2HrbEaPp6JEvMMPzzyw",md: "aEbBrKnK0tb.LzZsdWun6LAiLdicoGLem6aSRMWKrR0-1739777076-1.2.1.1-Oj5s.JT41j.ChoK3MWZz_Qu3Odr_rs4eHxTIApyzHyG7CN.L_cN5fWvVO3SEH4_HhewI9aGlp5p_gCNDM6rak2xRD_DPiH5Kvh6QBOXgXz3EChsPs6cdlydH.D2FxyeQHA9R0LgKcFSz8YsY.VBz3S0nUQJrWQYwmdyaJbiRSNG2x3iwYeDx8n6Ooqwu3I6ztuvgYWuRwNJ7xvD_VOWbtdu_uGDlHPmv4RSHbpZqMY5V9vMS1IMh4XA8otxp0zb9h_40XoeTBVaNXVt_k1CKlqGWrl1mP.mFmBC4zrp_LOvhyjk7l.eBq.cmE6gMzTwkt3obHpa3rMibIwc6bOsBg2DVwADXV9HcIe_sVo6xWjQI0ScrTd7oEq7YNYObtqxGqc414X8vPXn.koo1L0qUtI07E2QvMYpCq82nir44V4.ALxCdgk9o6e3hFp8iaq0EjxYoBEgrwQL_8zW7AJuA0r6F5ynT.sFtH67H0TQt9QXl3SEnJ7DSX7dJl2rpQ34uotClQe3QxVcV87MUeB9PR79MHP23ep4dc1eEHzBYeZV8_pPNWG7KTC4Xwb3v6u0oePPHJDcIu_d4Rhcn0eW1YhLSespYTD8xVjpIVamOynpe4hNnzH34qOHJzfeWMgpgUzog6b7WxITbuS6PSRQ6KZQEiJCtWi3G.zv5vUUkUNfXJTmpcmpFYGvTgr5yNhY5Sg46JIL1a6FgQHJgAi83IK8Mde0BWP9BBHoZ2Ae1AFF1D6Ijh4WgbxGC77DE55jd3KWgaTdrWn5ToS2woHUNfNJtkoDG7KJNIghI4QaNl0DqemB.J0uDpwwnTGzfceOI3H3egF3FOaeyfNOzj6J.11gf2yoPP.GLnvxwAiT9F.MXP91P2x31X8env6l4arM2CrMZCp900mcYnHSUUmAodqS9QxpbpFwb9jVyEaOrTOz4Vt6cOvS58cbQVuo.vsbMOBmK9gybbEEn00J3nghcuy_.LaBICyWxiCMY_Ia6ioPIXQzYkuudb1CTVQapjUIJKV_4SzbTPpWK.cPtEA1nDb_M2r6e78fjG.qn3WlaaK4Emzqp9mfHjtKyi4XgyiC.cu6NieIq3w8HigEHeJH3N.1TZpTaOyQYRGH57u.eIABnLuaVKgdKJrWfa5PcZiD0FeWbovLS0SVJgbGllKOZhQcWGorkV66RZf1q9YyPcJIlqNzXPMHRIH2cF2HNjtzmzlntgBSJONbUjWfTUczTFfMA5dCrnbGQzyWQ8oilkg3eNmCi740zSKRvRTcO_ormKULq0roXsjYGUcZFCPd6TxLqsh8WAtR9E4wdqiyXHW_STDAMREFiO.BEa7TqthkDw6hSB_oXSRpbub.ZB3k9N_WVMPmqpIO9SqEQ5qosAbqzjitSgp3UpclDoOvEuKeSIVrCHHCDOJSME6PakMybafrJDn.O.tjsxZ1hrglF8CIt14opC81oP8tI211B90p2sZajKtUg3ZbcJelHZLZZUDwj02KfG_ckVVmGtYxW9i0u00rNBhf33wtZawxNSUPh_0X9jc62aNUqAD6ZjpXpq21wNXIRlajrLjL5ZDdW8jWpRFS3zDt9mxBuiSUxvbhndgCfqJgOJ01GfaXherXWYjRueSIzzOpau0Ct1UmDouFWbj85Muj4hISgKBbfErakmBGdtWBO1zk9UQiOnSKlXgvvqvsuMpA4Po9dIq8SRxScbROBEvb3uXCmsGjneYFcCsCq90j341KP4T45oz0ortA0azjYBYjqVlXWPNNqKciww6ENpX1q_0DWxqhsXTOtvLrtkRluJ24qqVnpFMXfDZegI7_7QPVB_8jngfcn6yOfDeSRbJ7f6qhYhcMtY8K8Hm3GerO7_W2WWNi5C.5DrW4QWZuashnLrB85TykVg.5kQOAncswlOKT.9fjVQ9q5eCtNz4EFYhGsL8tBMlftYw",mdrd: "7OLfAWB.S2Q5_xIfY1gRTJvTYJ576kQa6amCGzZTed8-1739777076-1.2.1.1-K4_DZ8tEyQwxPjekDr.eyGYIECjI5tPoStIUOipBSApJI1Bo4OovhDdhXF_9S6VnbaeNkKsTXPlEDhcPlKNO2I9OFKX4eivNySgh6mWOrMJEA0taAqbjpbwUy3aWc8Yx20DT9r57pa0GX9_aPLDtgn4lvPquDPbjma08KEUG1A3xebi4r31Hak2p.avVPqOd7rGV08Q2fb7.sCt35uW3OWl1Y5VHy7QBCrqr_cEIxIpWG40Z0dRmy.rBOBlrnZHzQJiWwDQJTLJ4_Boi234vgOF_rJjDlF4snkjpOAEH4qcnX8up1LEqTvW4cS83yssRYDt1zlKeQuaZEL8o0ydsFsNkvi0dlAsCC40DwNUA27pNI7f0FzbWmArEoyVHtf3mSIEnnLJGYJDWwSZMI_mZlIPTDUgTX9v_7zKlZBj_qsawyHdVFjo8D.ctc4p55zQ34trKwfRRWruZ2eAY6IsUa_POZXFVmtvZLphJvyKA5JKHSssZwHxLyb8r1Mka21igJPQLfM06AptjquPwF4NyjtlA9yaLb70OCISWIUmllaOizunVDPQkyBkn_ZECb89s0nlLxhJ4HkTyxVwnVqNRE2aHiEDt_CVNXSG87uuUIs7hIXCk55MYJkyfUXregI2hQ3nFZmb7XsKNT3IbTVZ7vnrGuMET1p4SvOaO9.tPjh9d_01kCAM6LAPttCw7_0qo35p0Kv892wdlsHeZQ4uLCnfYa2pzsOPkDVg6kLlboTO_yNKa2dcsT2B5oS0oICjouzmtHyNlR0uq0fuEmJyfAPlpA5jwZZgoqwr7IsNp4INqUn68l9sKmpPQ88S9tV4jiFyZ2At61CPfHkAbYtYphI7iAo7ev3LPIm8mgJVbErnir5veqg7qkrRSR1tvIrrTpbvmvXTqGRpPMojnMlQm36.n5nyoqJBUIAw4ie_.9JjYTcV20FdqulfpuKUiRay0V7dhHENTDg5wCyRStlgzw9dMHlJGYFdiD7zCVKvA.pt.zL7aNO4kUjfRTUEM14hZakMfcNkgNE2MAjIyui_orKyY9WkLUMrJSvEFpdITIhT.sC4Ode8zM98Uu8ZLoYuDa4.nq.T.f2EfjysISge0QTrNkmSccPrKLNWUDsQPFzo9Te19ne1U5GpZUO.YjJ4iiy.J9_bYm9oOZOqzrO3nIbHV2fcVvUycoPcJ9_wE7w9HJ03.wSnSL18jYBOcpCR.REfXrCT4g5EC.5WXj6HHotqWzLi3QbRtnnXLwgWR9IVgZ59U7M4QUCMfAWLvyMBEbuvHuZBntoPzeM28m9RY53yxrze8mtZq.OKVPbMoeEdhy5j2w_doTPm8sfYgpZr.zg2GP5JU1bvdtForlBheD91qlxe_hW8GZl6Jiz.bs8K.g46whhkTrrJ5f75uTEjErd5I2a59Q_MjfHuQ27eG.OtgNUnd9X2YPIv0lcRuJ47yGQMmAnNQTpM3cWy5Hybbz4g7dwuV0.swkdk0u8lTc8jiGYRjZoCN6beFqKR1l6I94ewWsslPmV4VXOddZ4a9KMx06TvBG.qR0X6GgqtDALEr9vI3v7JVV1n.HjfTOni87vZjkWv1PArqM90nRiAPCdsMHzh7QPKzcduKF92e4WM3DYIHvyIY7eFRjGpj6bk.GI6npzCvK6ElOkPQQjC4WS1zgqAOWAVoCet1bkAHunGwrs2SIfwUpgAmm_JHUwI4MbJlEHyyst8VEHRSQ5SKgcyChWhIEy20hPgzPqd4N7Rq0_ooY5363JJVyIZ3zaNCQR3DU9llhzJcr0jEiqYYie0AhdWGVWI3XUGHOFCjO8JQbtfV3PDs7zhKTS5cqo8gogW7l1HX_ifoSaA6aKz_KISatidCAqvGgHFL1_9kFO61U.pdpcEaw7ZvNQZJE4fLMGxNMpRByWVFCg66iGKnovzEHD2E4c_EopI39LP1CAQlgiVrrJjYmb5SCBSDtbBzag0m7ASbm8wsaQhNm2U0GVM2Mn7s58FOaXuaPjIXqzD18SjCQkFdmDXYPwylFZ8"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=913409e91fbdfe01';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=tribal&__cf_chl_rt_tk=JO3HTo1igpr.wWq82qqJbOFxZK3aDYjO2sweyL2hhWI-1739777076-1.0.1.1-Iq119Nvt7Mx_UaG.2xiZBrnM2HrbEaPp6JEvMMPzzyw" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>