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Majdi</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Hendeh Majdi"> <meta name="keywords" content="Hendeh Majdi"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Hendeh Majdi"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 18</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Hendeh Majdi</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> The Comparison of of Stress Level between Students with Parents and Those without Parents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hendeh%20Majdi">Hendeh Majdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahra%20Arzjani"> Zahra Arzjani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research aimed at the comparison of level of stress between students had parents and those without parents by descriptive-analytical study. To do research number of 128 questionnaires (64 students with parents and 64 students without parents) were distributed among high school in Ray city, Tehran province through classified sampling. The results showed that level of stress in stud tent without parents has been effective and the most important proposal is that necessity study should be considered in decreasing level of stress in students without parent. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress" title="stress">stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=students%20with%20parents" title=" students with parents"> students with parents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=without%20parents" title=" without parents"> without parents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ray%20city" title=" Ray city"> Ray city</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3833/the-comparison-of-of-stress-level-between-students-with-parents-and-those-without-parents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3833.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">499</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Linking Business Owners’ Choice of Organizational Form to Appraisers’ Determination of Value: An Agency Theory Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majdi%20Anwar%20Quttainah">Majdi Anwar Quttainah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=William%20Paczkowski"> William Paczkowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Muhammad"> Ali Muhammad </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Determining the value of a privately held firms confound those in academia as well as practitioners in the fields of appraisal, forensic accounting, and law. Divergent parties to the transfer look to apply the valuation technique to serve their own best interests. This paper seeks to explore how agency theory induces owners to choose the form of their businesses at inception and how this choice will affect the appraisers’ valuation of the firm at the transfer of ownership. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20form" title="organizational form">organizational form</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agency%20theory" title=" agency theory"> agency theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=value" title=" value"> value</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14967/linking-business-owners-choice-of-organizational-form-to-appraisers-determination-of-value-an-agency-theory-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14967.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> The Effect of Human Capital and Oil Revenue on Income Distribution in Real Sample</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marjan%20Majdi">Marjan Majdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MohammadAli%20Moradi"> MohammadAli Moradi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elham%20Samarikhalaj"> Elham Samarikhalaj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Income distribution is one of the most topics in macro economic theories. There are many categories in economy such as income distribution that have the most influenced by economic policies. Human capital has an impact on economic growth and it has significant effect on income distributions. The results of this study confirm that the effects of oil revenue and human capital on income distribution are negative and significant but the value of the estimated coefficient is too small in a real sample in period time (1969-2006). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gini%20coefficient" title="gini coefficient">gini coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20capital" title=" human capital"> human capital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=income%20distribution" title=" income distribution"> income distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20revenue" title=" oil revenue"> oil revenue</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27395/the-effect-of-human-capital-and-oil-revenue-on-income-distribution-in-real-sample" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27395.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">636</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Energy Models for Analyzing the Economic Wide Impact of the Environmental Policies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majdi%20M.%20Alomari">Majdi M. Alomari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nafesah%20I.%20Alshdaifat"> Nafesah I. Alshdaifat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20S.%20Widyan"> Mohammad S. Widyan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Different countries have introduced different schemes and policies to counter global warming. The rationale behind the proposed policies and the potential barriers to successful implementation of the policies adopted by the countries were analyzed and estimated based on different models. It is argued that these models enhance the transparency and provide a better understanding to the policy makers. However, these models are underpinned with several structural and baseline assumptions. These assumptions, modeling features and future prediction of emission reductions and other implication such as cost and benefits of a transition to a low-carbon economy and its economy wide impacts were discussed. On the other hand, there are potential barriers in the form political, financial, and cultural and many others that pose a threat to the mitigation options. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20models" title="energy models">energy models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20policy%20instruments" title=" environmental policy instruments"> environmental policy instruments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mitigating%20CO2%20emission" title=" mitigating CO2 emission"> mitigating CO2 emission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20wide%20impact" title=" economic wide impact"> economic wide impact</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32132/energy-models-for-analyzing-the-economic-wide-impact-of-the-environmental-policies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32132.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">524</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Pet Bearing Bio-Based Moities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majdi%20Abid">Majdi Abid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During the last few decades, great efforts have been made for the development of innovative materials using vegetal biomass. This strategy is understandable for different reasons including the predictable dwindling of the petrochemical feedstock and their price increase as well as the counterbalancing of the environmental problems. As novel bio-based monomers used in polyesters synthesis, two families, namely 1,4:3,6-dianhydrohexitols and furanics were prepared for saccharidic renewable resources. The present work deals with a detail investigation on the synthesis of poly(ethylene-co-isosorbide terephthalate-co-furoate) (PEITF) by melt polycondensation of dimethylterephtalate (DMT), 5,5’-isopropylidene-bis (ethyl 2-furoate) (DEF) ethan-1,2-diol (ED) and isosorbide (IS). Polycondensationwas achieved in two steps: (i) the formation of a hydroxyethylterminated oligomer by reaction of starting diester mixture with excess ED and, (ii) a polycondensation step with elimination of ED was used to obtain high molar mass copolyesters. Copolymers of various compositions were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, SEC, DSC and TGA. The resulting materials are amorphous polymers (Tg = 104–127 °C) with good thermal stability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-based%20monomers" title="bio-based monomers">bio-based monomers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=furan" title=" furan"> furan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isosrbide" title=" isosrbide"> isosrbide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polycondensation" title=" polycondensation"> polycondensation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38204/pet-bearing-bio-based-moities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38204.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">284</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Integrating Blockchain and Internet of Things Platforms: An Empirical Study on Immunization Cold Chain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fawzia%20Abujalala">Fawzia Abujalala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asma%20Elmangoush"> Asma Elmangoush</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majdi%20Ashibani"> Majdi Ashibani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The adoption of Blockchain technology introduces the possibility to decentralize cold chain systems. This adaptation enhances them to be more efficient, accessible, verifiable, and data security. Additionally, the Internet of Things (IoT) concept is considered as an added-value to various application domains. Cargo tracking and cold chain are a few to name. However, the security of the IoT transactions and integrated devices remains one of the key challenges to the IoT application’s success. Consequently, Blockchain technology and its consensus protocols have been used to solve many information security problems. In this paper, the researchers discussed the advantages of integrating Blockchain technology into IoT platform to improve security and provide an overview of existing literature on integrating Blockchain and IoT platforms. Then, presented the immunization cold chain solution as a use-case that could apply to any critical goods based on integrating hyperledger fabric platform and IoT platform. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain" title="blockchain">blockchain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyperledger%20fabric" title=" hyperledger fabric"> hyperledger fabric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internet%20of%20things" title=" internet of things"> internet of things</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=security" title=" security"> security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traceability" title=" traceability"> traceability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135064/integrating-blockchain-and-internet-of-things-platforms-an-empirical-study-on-immunization-cold-chain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135064.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">149</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Using Data Mining Techniques to Evaluate the Different Factors Affecting the Academic Performance of Students at the Faculty of Information Technology in Hashemite University in Jordan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feras%20Hanandeh">Feras Hanandeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majdi%20Shannag"> Majdi Shannag</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research studies the different factors that could affect the Faculty of Information Technology in Hashemite University students’ accumulative average. The research paper verifies the student information, background, their academic records, and how this information will affect the student to get high grades. The student information used in the study is extracted from the student’s academic records. The data mining tools and techniques are used to decide which attribute(s) will affect the student’s accumulative average. The results show that the most important factor which affects the students’ accumulative average is the student Acceptance Type. And we built a decision tree model and rules to determine how the student can get high grades in their courses. The overall accuracy of the model is 44% which is accepted rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20mining" title="data mining">data mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification" title=" classification"> classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extracting%20rules" title=" extracting rules"> extracting rules</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decision%20tree" title=" decision tree"> decision tree</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31096/using-data-mining-techniques-to-evaluate-the-different-factors-affecting-the-academic-performance-of-students-at-the-faculty-of-information-technology-in-hashemite-university-in-jordan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31096.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">416</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Fuzzy Population-Based Meta-Heuristic Approaches for Attribute Reduction in Rough Set Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mafarja%20Majdi">Mafarja Majdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salwani%20Abdullah"> Salwani Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Najmeh%20S.%20Jaddi"> Najmeh S. Jaddi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the global combinatorial optimization problems in machine learning is feature selection. It concerned with removing the irrelevant, noisy, and redundant data, along with keeping the original meaning of the original data. Attribute reduction in rough set theory is an important feature selection method. Since attribute reduction is an NP-hard problem, it is necessary to investigate fast and effective approximate algorithms. In this paper, we proposed two feature selection mechanisms based on memetic algorithms (MAs) which combine the genetic algorithm with a fuzzy record to record travel algorithm and a fuzzy controlled great deluge algorithm to identify a good balance between local search and genetic search. In order to verify the proposed approaches, numerical experiments are carried out on thirteen datasets. The results show that the MAs approaches are efficient in solving attribute reduction problems when compared with other meta-heuristic approaches. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rough%20set%20theory" title="rough set theory">rough set theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attribute%20reduction" title=" attribute reduction"> attribute reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20logic" title=" fuzzy logic"> fuzzy logic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=memetic%20algorithms" title=" memetic algorithms"> memetic algorithms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=record%20to%20record%20algorithm" title=" record to record algorithm"> record to record algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=great%20deluge%20algorithm" title=" great deluge algorithm"> great deluge algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33663/fuzzy-population-based-meta-heuristic-approaches-for-attribute-reduction-in-rough-set-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33663.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">454</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Sustainable Design of Coastal Bridge Networks in the Presence of Multiple Flood and Earthquake Risks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Riyadh%20Alsultani">Riyadh Alsultani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Majdi"> Ali Majdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is necessary to develop a design methodology that includes the possibility of seismic events occurring in a region, the vulnerability of the civil hydraulic structure, and the effects of the occurrence hazard on society, environment, and economy in order to evaluate the flood and earthquake risks of coastal bridge networks. This paper presents a design approach for the assessment of the risk and sustainability of coastal bridge networks under time-variant flood-earthquake conditions. The social, environmental, and economic indicators of the network are used to measure its sustainability. These consist of anticipated loss, downtime, energy waste, and carbon dioxide emissions. The design process takes into account the possibility of happening in a set of flood and earthquake scenarios that represent the local seismic activity. Based on the performance of each bridge as determined by fragility assessments, network linkages are measured. The network's connections and bridges' damage statuses after an earthquake scenario determine the network's sustainability and danger. The sustainability measures' temporal volatility and the danger of structural degradation are both highlighted. The method is shown using a transportation network in Baghdad, Iraq. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title="sustainability">sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Coastal%20bridge%20networks" title=" Coastal bridge networks"> Coastal bridge networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flood-earthquake%20risk" title=" flood-earthquake risk"> flood-earthquake risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20design" title=" structural design"> structural design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162140/sustainable-design-of-coastal-bridge-networks-in-the-presence-of-multiple-flood-and-earthquake-risks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162140.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">93</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Strengthening Evaluation of Steel Girder Bridge under Load Rating Analysis: Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qudama%20Albu-Jasim">Qudama Albu-Jasim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majdi%20Kanaan"> Majdi Kanaan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A case study about the load rating and strengthening evaluation of the six-span of steel girders bridge in Colton city of State of California is investigated. To simulate the load rating strengthening assessment for the Colton Overhead bridge, a three-dimensional finite element model built in the CSiBridge program is simulated. Three-dimensional finite-element models of the bridge are established considering the nonlinear behavior of critical bridge components to determine the feasibility and strengthening capacity under load rating analysis. The bridge was evaluated according to Caltrans Bridge Load Rating Manual 1st edition for rating the superstructure using the Load and Resistance Factor Rating (LRFR) method. The analysis for the bridge was based on load rating to determine the largest loads that can be safely placed on existing I-girder steel members and permitted to pass over the bridge. Through extensive numerical simulations, the bridge is identified to be deficient in flexural and shear capacities, and therefore strengthening for reducing the risk is needed. An in-depth parametric study is considered to evaluate the sensitivity of the bridge’s load rating response to variations in its structural parameters. The parametric analysis has exhibited that uncertainties associated with the steel’s yield strength, the superstructure’s weight, and the diaphragm configurations should be considered during the fragility analysis of the bridge system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=load%20rating" title="load rating">load rating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CSIBridge" title=" CSIBridge"> CSIBridge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strengthening" title=" strengthening"> strengthening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uncertainties" title=" uncertainties"> uncertainties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=case%20study" title=" case study"> case study</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141480/strengthening-evaluation-of-steel-girder-bridge-under-load-rating-analysis-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141480.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">211</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Synthesis, Antibacterial Activities, and Synergistic Effects of Novel Juglone and Naphthazarin Derivatives Against Clinical Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zohra%20Benfodda">Zohra Benfodda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valentin%20Duvauchelle"> Valentin Duvauchelle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chaimae%20Majdi"> Chaimae Majdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20B%C3%A9nim%C3%A9lis"> David Bénimélis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Catherine%20Dunyach-Remy"> Catherine Dunyach-Remy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patrick%20Meffre"> Patrick Meffre</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> New antibiotics are necessary to treat microbial pathogens, especially ESKAPE pathogens that are becoming increasingly resistant to available treatment. Despite the medical need, the number of newly approved drugs continues to decline. The majority of antibiotics under clinical development are natural products or derivatives thereof. 43 juglone/naphthazarin derivatives were synthesized using Minisci-type direct C–H alkylation and evaluated for their antibacterial properties against various clinical and reference Gram-positive MSSA, clinical Gram-positive MRSA. Different compounds of the synthesized series showed promising activity against clinical and reference MSSA (MIC: 1–8 μg/ml) and good efficacy against clinical MRSA (MIC: 2–8 μg/ml) strains. The synergistic effects of active compounds were evaluated with reference antibiotics (vancomycin and cloxacillin), and it was found that the antibiotic combination with those active compounds efficiently enhanced the antimicrobial activity and consequently the MIC values of reference antibiotics were lowered up to 1/16th of the original MIC. These synthesized compounds did not present hemolytic activity on sheep red blood cells. In addition to the in silico prediction of ADME profile parameter which is promising and encouraging for further development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=juglone" title="juglone">juglone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=naphthazarin" title=" naphthazarin"> naphthazarin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibacterial" title=" antibacterial"> antibacterial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clinical%20MRSA" title=" clinical MRSA"> clinical MRSA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synergistic%20studies" title=" synergistic studies"> synergistic studies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MIC%20determination" title=" MIC determination"> MIC determination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149176/synthesis-antibacterial-activities-and-synergistic-effects-of-novel-juglone-and-naphthazarin-derivatives-against-clinical-methicillin-resistant-staphylococcus-aureus-strains" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149176.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> The Mechanical Characteristics of Rammed Earth with Plastic Fibers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majdi%20Al%20Shdifat">Majdi Al Shdifat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20Chiachio"> Juan Chiachio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esther%20Puertas"> Esther Puertas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mar%C3%ADa%20L.%20Jal%C3%B3n"> María L. Jalón</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%81lvaro%20Blanca-Hoyos"> Álvaro Blanca-Hoyos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, the world has begun to adopt more sustainable practices in response to today's environmental and climate challenges. The construction sector is one of the most resource-intensive among others, so researchers are testing different types of materials with different processes and methodologies to achieve more environmentally and sustainably friendly buildings. Plastic is one of the most harmful materials for the environment. The global production of plastics has increased dramatically in recent decades, and it is one of the most widely used materials. However, plastic waste is not biodegradable and has a chemical composition that is stable for many years in the environment, both on land and in water bodies. Recycled plastics have been tested to be used in construction in many ways to reduce the amount of plastic in the environment and the use of raw materials in construction. In this context, the main objective of this research is to test the use of plastic fibers with one of the most promising materials to replace cement, which is rammed earth. In fact, rammed earth is considered one of the most environmentally friendly materials due to its use of local raw materials, recyclability, and low embodied energy. In this research, three different types of plastic fibers were used. Then, the blends were evaluated by considering their mechanical properties, including compressive strength and tensile strength. In addition, the non-destructive ultrasonic wave velocity was measured. The result shows excellent potential for the use of plastic fibers in rammed earth, especially in terms of compressive strength. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20characterization" title="mechanical characterization">mechanical characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20fibers%20reinforcement" title=" plastic fibers reinforcement"> plastic fibers reinforcement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rammed%20earth" title=" rammed earth"> rammed earth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20material" title=" sustainable material"> sustainable material</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171927/the-mechanical-characteristics-of-rammed-earth-with-plastic-fibers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171927.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> The Mechanical Properties of Rammed Earth with Plastic Fibers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majdi%20Al%20Shdifat">Majdi Al Shdifat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20Chiachio"> Juan Chiachio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esther%20Puertas"> Esther Puertas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mar%C3%ADa%20L.%20Jal%C3%B3n"> María L. Jalón</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C3%81lvaro%20Blanca-Hoyos"> Álvaro Blanca-Hoyos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, the world has begun to adopt more sustainable practices in response to today's environmental and climate challenges. The construction sector is one of the most resource-intensive among others, so researchers are testing different types of materials with different processes and methodologies to achieve more environmentally and sustainably friendly buildings.Plastic is one of the most harmful materials for the environment. The global production of plastics has increased dramatically in recent decades, and it is one of the most widely used materials. However, plastic waste is not biodegradable and has a chemical composition that is stable for many years in the environment, both on land and in water bodies. Recycled plastics have been tested to be used in construction in many ways to reduce the amount of plastic in the environment and the use of raw materials in construction. In this context, the main objective of this research is to test the use of plastic fibers with one of the most promising materials to replace cement, which is rammed earth. In fact, rammed earth is considered one of the most environmentally friendly materials due to its use of local raw materials, recyclability, and low embodied energy. In this research, three different types of plastic fibers were used. Then, the blends were evaluated by considering their mechanical properties, including compressive strength and tensile strength. In addition, the non-destructive ultrasonic wave velocity was measured. The result shows excellent potential for the use of plastic fibers in rammed earth, especially in terms of compressive strength. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20characterization" title="mechanical characterization">mechanical characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20fibers%20reinforcement" title=" plastic fibers reinforcement"> plastic fibers reinforcement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rammed%20earth" title=" rammed earth"> rammed earth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20material" title=" sustainable material"> sustainable material</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171963/the-mechanical-properties-of-rammed-earth-with-plastic-fibers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171963.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Iterative Method for Lung Tumor Localization in 4D CT</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20K.%20Hagi">Sarah K. Hagi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majdi%20Alnowaimi"> Majdi Alnowaimi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the last decade, there were immense advancements in the medical imaging modalities. These advancements can scan a whole volume of the lung organ in high resolution images within a short time. According to this performance, the physicians can clearly identify the complicated anatomical and pathological structures of lung. Therefore, these advancements give large opportunities for more advance of all types of lung cancer treatment available and will increase the survival rate. However, lung cancer is still one of the major causes of death with around 19% of all the cancer patients. Several factors may affect survival rate. One of the serious effects is the breathing process, which can affect the accuracy of diagnosis and lung tumor treatment plan. We have therefore developed a semi automated algorithm to localize the 3D lung tumor positions across all respiratory data during respiratory motion. The algorithm can be divided into two stages. First, a lung tumor segmentation for the first phase of the 4D computed tomography (CT). Lung tumor segmentation is performed using an active contours method. Then, localize the tumor 3D position across all next phases using a 12 degrees of freedom of an affine transformation. Two data set where used in this study, a compute simulate for 4D CT using extended cardiac-torso (XCAT) phantom and 4D CT clinical data sets. The result and error calculation is presented as root mean square error (RMSE). The average error in data sets is 0.94 mm ± 0.36. Finally, evaluation and quantitative comparison of the results with a state-of-the-art registration algorithm was introduced. The results obtained from the proposed localization algorithm show a promising result to localize alung tumor in 4D CT data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automated%20algorithm" title="automated algorithm ">automated algorithm </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computed%20tomography" title="computed tomography">computed tomography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lung%20tumor" title=" lung tumor"> lung tumor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tumor%20localization" title=" tumor localization"> tumor localization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34015/iterative-method-for-lung-tumor-localization-in-4d-ct" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34015.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">602</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Color Image Compression/Encryption/Contour Extraction using 3L-DWT and SSPCE Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20A.%20Ukasha">Ali A. Ukasha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majdi%20F.%20Elbireki"> Majdi F. Elbireki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20F.%20Abdullah"> Mohammad F. Abdullah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Data security needed in data transmission, storage, and communication to ensure the security. This paper is divided into two parts. This work interests with the color image which is decomposed into red, green and blue channels. The blue and green channels are compressed using 3-levels discrete wavelet transform. The Arnold transform uses to changes the locations of red image channel pixels as image scrambling process. Then all these channels are encrypted separately using the key image that has same original size and are generating using private keys and modulo operations. Performing the X-OR and modulo operations between the encrypted channels images for image pixel values change purpose. The extracted contours from color images recovery can be obtained with accepted level of distortion using single step parallel contour extraction (SSPCE) method. Experiments have demonstrated that proposed algorithm can fully encrypt 2D Color images and completely reconstructed without any distortion. Also shown that the analyzed algorithm has extremely large security against some attacks like salt and pepper and Jpeg compression. Its proof that the color images can be protected with a higher security level. The presented method has easy hardware implementation and suitable for multimedia protection in real time applications such as wireless networks and mobile phone services. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SSPCE%20method" title="SSPCE method">SSPCE method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20compression%20and%20salt%20and%20peppers%20attacks" title=" image compression and salt and peppers attacks"> image compression and salt and peppers attacks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bitplanes%20decomposition" title=" bitplanes decomposition"> bitplanes decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arnold%20transform" title=" Arnold transform"> Arnold transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=color%20image" title=" color image"> color image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wavelet%20transform" title=" wavelet transform"> wavelet transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lossless%20image%20encryption" title=" lossless image encryption"> lossless image encryption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18519/color-image-compressionencryptioncontour-extraction-using-3l-dwt-and-sspce-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18519.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">518</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Regulating Issues concerning Data Protection in Cloud Computing: Developing a Saudi Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jumana%20Majdi%20Qutub">Jumana Majdi Qutub</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rationale: Cloud computing has rapidly developed the past few years. Because of the importance of providing protection for personal data used in cloud computing, the role of data protection in promoting trust and confidence in users’ data has become an important policy priority. This research examines key regulatory challenges rose by the growing use and importance of cloud computing with focusing on protection of individuals personal data. Methodology: Describing and analyzing governance challenges facing policymakers and industry in Saudi Arabia, with an account of anticipated governance responses. The aim of the research is to describe and define the regulatory challenges on cloud computing for policy making in Saudi Arabia and comparing it with potential complied issues rose in respect of transported data to EU member state. In addition, it discusses information privacy issues. Finally, the research proposes policy recommendation that would resolve concerns surrounds the privacy and effectiveness of clouds computing frameworks for data protection. Results: There are still no clear regulation in Saudi Arabia specialized in legalizing cloud computing and specialty regulations in transferring data internationally and locally. Decision makers need to review the applicable law in Saudi Arabia that protect information in cloud computing. This should be from an international and a local view in order to identify all requirements surrounding this area. It is important to educate cloud computing users about their information value and rights before putting it in the cloud to avoid further legal complications, such as making an educational program to prevent giving personal information to a bank employee. Therefore, with many kinds of cloud computing services, it is important to have it covered by the law in all aspects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cloud%20computing" title="cloud computing">cloud computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyber%20crime" title=" cyber crime"> cyber crime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20protection" title=" data protection"> data protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=privacy" title=" privacy"> privacy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62257/regulating-issues-concerning-data-protection-in-cloud-computing-developing-a-saudi-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62257.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> The Effect of Second Victim-Related Distress on Work-Related Outcomes in Tertiary Care, Kelantan, Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Zulfahmi%20Mohd%20Kamaruzaman">Ahmad Zulfahmi Mohd Kamaruzaman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Ismail%20Ibrahim"> Mohd Ismail Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ariffin%20Marzuki%20Mokhtar"> Ariffin Marzuki Mokhtar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maizun%20Mohd%20Zain"> Maizun Mohd Zain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saiful%20Nazri%20Satiman"> Saiful Nazri Satiman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Najib%20Majdi%20Yaacob"> Mohd Najib Majdi Yaacob</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Aftermath any patient safety incidents, the involved healthcare providers possibly sustained second victim-related distress (second victim distress and reduced their professional efficacy), with subsequent negative work-related outcomes or vice versa cultivating resilience. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting negative work-related outcomes and resilience, with the triad of support; colleague, supervisor, and institutional support as the hypothetical mediators. Methods: This was a cross sectional study recruiting a total of 733 healthcare providers from three tertiary care in Kelantan, Malaysia. Three steps of hierarchical linear regression were developed for each outcome; negative work-related outcomes and resilience. Then, four multiple mediator models of support triad were analyzed. Results: Second victim distress, professional efficacy, and the support triad contributed significantly for each regression model. In the pathway of professional efficacy on each negative work-related outcomes and resilience, colleague support partially mediated the relationship. As for second victim distress on negative work related outcomes, colleague and supervisor support were the partial mediator, and on resilience; all support triad also produced a similar effect. Conclusion: Second victim distress, professional efficacy, and the support triad influenced the relationship with the negative work-related outcomes and resilience. Support triad as the mediators ameliorated the effect in between and explained the urgency of having good support for recovery post encountering patient safety incidents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=second%20victims" title="second victims">second victims</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patient%20safety%20incidents" title=" patient safety incidents"> patient safety incidents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hierarchical%20linear%20regression" title=" hierarchical linear regression"> hierarchical linear regression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mediation" title=" mediation"> mediation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=support" title=" support"> support</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150191/the-effect-of-second-victim-related-distress-on-work-related-outcomes-in-tertiary-care-kelantan-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150191.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">109</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Towards the Development of Islamic Accounting Standards for Baitulmal, Waqaf, and Zakat Transactions: Addressing Gaps for Enhanced Accountability</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Farahin%20Ali">N. Farahin Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naharriah%20Mohamed"> Naharriah Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafiz%20Majdi"> Hafiz Majdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fathiyyah"> Fathiyyah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fadliana%20Saman"> Fadliana Saman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates the imperative for developing Islamic accounting standards tailored to Baitulmal, waqaf, and zakat transactions, with the goal of strengthening accountability and transparency in financial reporting. Current financial reporting frameworks in Malaysia—namely, the Malaysian Financial Reporting Standards (MFRS) and Malaysian Private Entities Reporting Standards (MPERS)—are designed predominantly for conventional financial transactions and fail to fully capture the Shariah-specific nature of these religious funds. The objective of this study is to critically examine the discrepancies between these conventional reporting standards and the requirements of Shariah-compliant financial transactions, specifically for Baitulmal, waqaf, and zakat. This research adopts a qualitative methodology, utilizing case studies from four different State Islamic Religious Councils to explore the current reporting practices. The findings reveal significant gaps between the conventional frameworks and the specific needs of Shariah-compliant accounting, leading to off-balance-sheet reporting of certain transactions and inconsistencies in financial disclosures across different states. These disparities undermine both the comparability and integrity of the financial reports, raising critical concerns regarding transparency and governance. The broader implications of this study underscore the necessity for a unified Islamic accounting standard that would align more closely with Shariah principles. Such a standard would not only enhance the disclosure and presentation of baitulmal, waqaf, and zakat transactions, but also improve decision-making processes, thereby fostering greater accountability and trust in the management of these Islamic funds. This paper advocates for a concerted effort to bridge the existing gap, ensuring that the distinctive characteristics of Islamic charitable funds are appropriately reflected in the financial reporting process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=islamic%20accounting" title="islamic accounting">islamic accounting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waqf" title=" waqf"> waqf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zakat" title=" zakat"> zakat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=islamic%20finance" title=" islamic finance"> islamic finance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193599/towards-the-development-of-islamic-accounting-standards-for-baitulmal-waqaf-and-zakat-transactions-addressing-gaps-for-enhanced-accountability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193599.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">13</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); 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