CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html class="no-js" lang="en-US"><head> <script data-cookieconsent="ignore">window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag() { dataLayer.push(arguments); } gtag("consent", "default", { ad_user_data: "denied", ad_personalization: "denied", ad_storage: "denied", analytics_storage: "denied", functionality_storage: "denied", personalization_storage: "denied", security_storage: "granted", wait_for_update: 500, }); gtag("set", "ads_data_redaction", true);</script> <script type="text/javascript" id="Cookiebot" src="https://consent.cookiebot.com/uc.js" data-cbid="deba45f9-7112-47fe-a4e1-7d2cea3d2560" data-blockingmode="auto" ></script> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /><link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-hans" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/?lang=zh-hans" /><link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/" /><link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/" /><link media="all" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/cache/autoptimize/css/autoptimize_590fb6125b7c395164ea39d61f397c60.css" rel="stylesheet"><style media="print">@charset "UTF-8";@media print{#content,#page{width:100%;margin:0;float:none}@page{margin:2cm}@page :left{margin:1cm}@page :right{margin:1cm}@page :first{margin:1cm 2cm}}</style><title>Metals Magazine — Innovation and Technology for the Metals Industry</title><link rel="preload" data-rocket-preload as="image" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/10/Zenith_YKS9428_clean-768x511.jpg" media="(min-width: 1200px)" fetchpriority="high"><link rel="preload" data-rocket-preload as="image" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/10/Zenith_YKS9428_clean-768x511.jpg" media="(min-width: 992px)" fetchpriority="high"><link rel="preload" data-rocket-preload as="image" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/10/Zenith_YKS9428_clean-768x511.jpg" media="(min-width: 768px)" fetchpriority="high"><meta name="description" content="Innovation and Technology for the Metals Industry" /><link rel="canonical" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/" /><link rel="next" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/page/2/" /><meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /><meta property="og:type" content="website" /><meta property="og:title" content="%%sitename%%" /><meta property="og:description" content="Innovation and Technology for the Metals Industry" /><meta property="og:url" content="https://magazine.primetals.com/" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="Metals Magazine" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /><meta name="twitter:site" content="@primetals" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"CollectionPage","@id":"https://magazine.primetals.com/","url":"https://magazine.primetals.com/","name":"Metals Magazine — Innovation and Technology for the Metals Industry","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://magazine.primetals.com/#website"},"about":{"@id":"https://magazine.primetals.com/#organization"},"description":"Innovation and Technology for the Metals Industry","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://magazine.primetals.com/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://magazine.primetals.com/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://magazine.primetals.com/#website","url":"https://magazine.primetals.com/","name":"Metals Magazine","description":"Innovation and Technology for the Metals Industry","publisher":{"@id":"https://magazine.primetals.com/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://magazine.primetals.com/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://magazine.primetals.com/#organization","name":"Primetals Technologies","url":"https://magazine.primetals.com/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://magazine.primetals.com/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2020/11/primetals_logo.png","contentUrl":"https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2020/11/primetals_logo.png","width":309,"height":91,"caption":"Primetals Technologies"},"image":{"@id":"https://magazine.primetals.com/#/schema/logo/image/"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/Primetals/","https://x.com/primetals","https://www.linkedin.com/company/primetals/"]}]}</script> <link rel="manifest" href="/wp/pwa-manifest.json"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="512x512" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/plugins/pwa-for-wp/images/logo-512x512.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="192x192" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2021/02/PWA_M_dark-blue_192.png"><link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.googletagmanager.com' /> <script type="text/javascript">window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/magazine.primetals.com\/wp\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.6.2"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings);</script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='bundle-css' href='https://magazine.primetals.com/app/themes/metalsmagazine/dist/css/bundle.css?ver=6.6.2' type='text/css' media='all' /><style id='ghostkit-blocks-content-custom-css-inline-css' type='text/css'>.ghostkit-custom-Z28CTye { --gkt-divider__border-width: 4px; position: default; padding-right: 10%; padding-left: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-ZAwgAc { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; position: default; padding-right: 10%; padding-left: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-yl9GR { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; position: default; padding-right: 10%; padding-left: 10%; margin-top: -4%; } .ghostkit-custom-1NFOmr { --gkt-divider__border-width: 4px; padding-right: 10%; padding-left: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-ZOitux { padding-right: 10%; padding-left: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-2tY8Ck { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; position: default; padding-right: 10%; padding-left: 10%; margin-top: -4%; } blockquote{ padding-top:2.5%; padding-bottom:2.5%; color:#E87722; position:relative; margin-left: 19%; padding-right: 10%; } blockquote p{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 25px; line-height: 1.25; text-align: left; } blockquote:before{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; position:absolute; font-size: 4em; line-height: 1; top: realtive; left: -10%; content: "\201C"; } cite{ line-height: 1.25; color:#E87722; text-align: right; } .ghostkit-custom-1l5cPz { }blockquote{ padding-top:2.5%; padding-bottom:2.5%; color:#E87722; position:relative; margin-left: 19%; padding-right: 10%; } blockquote p{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 25px; line-height: 1.25; text-align: left; } blockquote:before{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; position:absolute; font-size: 4em; line-height: 1; top: realtive; left: -10%; content: "\201C"; } cite{ line-height: 1.25; color:#E87722; text-align: right; } .ghostkit-custom-1l5cPz { }.ghostkit-custom-ZEYBJh video { background-color: #010101; } .ghostkit-custom-Z1IEGyL { --gkt-divider__border-width: 2px; --gkt-divider__border-color: #0c2340; } .ghostkit-custom-1OoQUx { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; --gkt-divider__border-color: #d0d0ce; }blockquote{ padding-top:2.5%; padding-bottom:2.5%; color:#E87722; position:relative; margin-left: 19%; padding-right: 10%; } blockquote p{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 25px; line-height: 1.25; text-align: left; } blockquote:before{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; position:absolute; font-size: 4em; line-height: 1; top: realtive; left: -10%; content: "\201C"; } cite{ line-height: 1.25; color:#E87722; text-align: right; } .ghostkit-custom-1l5cPz { } .ghostkit-custom-Z1D2JFu { --gkt-divider__border-width: 4px; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-Z1HbMy1 { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-Z1M0HVg { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; margin-top: -4%; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-2fXf7c { --gkt-divider__border-width: 4px; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-12LED0 { padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-Z1jHea2 { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; margin-top: -4%; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; }.ghostkit-custom-AnUGe { --gkt-image-compare__position: 70%; } .ghostkit-custom-2fXf7c { --gkt-divider__border-width: 4px; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-12LED0 { padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-Z1jHea2 { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; margin-top: -4%; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; }blockquote{ padding-top:2.5%; padding-bottom:2.5%; color:#E87722; position:relative; margin-left: 19%; padding-right: 10%; } blockquote p{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 25px; line-height: 1.25; text-align: left; } blockquote:before{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; position:absolute; font-size: 4em; line-height: 1; top: realtive; left: -10%; content: "\201C"; } cite{ line-height: 1.25; color:#E87722; text-align: right; } .ghostkit-custom-1q2xhK { } blockquote{ padding-top:2.5%; padding-bottom:2.5%; color:#E87722; position:relative; margin-left: 19%; padding-right: 10%; } blockquote p{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 25px; line-height: 1.25; text-align: left; } blockquote:before{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; position:absolute; font-size: 4em; line-height: 1; top: realtive; left: -10%; content: "\201C"; } cite{ line-height: 1.25; color:#E87722; text-align: right; } .ghostkit-custom-LFccM { }.ghostkit-custom-ZmwwM1 { --gkt-divider__border-width: 4px; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-vNBAc { padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-ZxwVkb { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; margin-top: -4%; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } blockquote{ padding-top:2.5%; padding-bottom:2.5%; color:#E87722; position:relative; margin-left: 19%; padding-right: 10%; } blockquote p{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 25px; line-height: 1.25; text-align: left; } blockquote:before{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; position:absolute; font-size: 4em; line-height: 1; top: realtive; left: -10%; content: "\201C"; } cite{ line-height: 1.25; color:#E87722; text-align: right; } .ghostkit-custom-1gfFlB { } .ghostkit-custom-2eeGG4 { --gkt-divider__border-width: 4px; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-YzWNE { padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-ZMVMz7 { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; margin-top: -4%; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-2fXf7c { --gkt-divider__border-width: 4px; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-12LED0 { padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-Z1jHea2 { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; margin-top: -4%; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; }blockquote{ padding-top:2.5%; padding-bottom:2.5%; color:#E87722; position:relative; margin-left: 19%; padding-right: 10%; } blockquote p{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 25px; line-height: 1.25; text-align: left; } blockquote:before{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; position:absolute; font-size: 4em; line-height: 1; top: realtive; left: -10%; content: "\201C"; } cite{ line-height: 1.25; color:#E87722; text-align: right; } .ghostkit-custom-1gioIl { } blockquote{ padding-top:2.5%; padding-bottom:2.5%; color:#E87722; position:relative; margin-left: 19%; padding-right: 10%; } blockquote p{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 25px; line-height: 1.25; text-align: left; } blockquote:before{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; position:absolute; font-size: 4em; line-height: 1; top: realtive; left: -10%; content: "\201C"; } cite{ line-height: 1.25; color:#E87722; text-align: right; } .ghostkit-custom-Z1k8mFK { } .ghostkit-custom-2fXf7c { --gkt-divider__border-width: 4px; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-12LED0 { padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-Z1jHea2 { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; margin-top: -4%; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; }blockquote{ padding-top:2.5%; padding-bottom:2.5%; color:#E87722; position:relative; margin-left: 19%; padding-right: 10%; } blockquote p{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 25px; line-height: 1.25; text-align: left; } blockquote:before{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; position:absolute; font-size: 4em; line-height: 1; top: realtive; left: -10%; content: "\201C"; } cite{ line-height: 1.25; color:#E87722; text-align: right; } .ghostkit-custom-Z1tFfat { } .ghostkit-custom-iqIHH { --gkt-divider__border-width: 2px; --gkt-divider__border-color: #e87722; } .ghostkit-custom-6RPaU { --gkt-divider__border-width: 2px; --gkt-divider__border-color: #e87722; } .ghostkit-custom-Z1mUe1N { --gkt-divider__border-width: 2px; --gkt-divider__border-color: #e87722; } .ghostkit-custom-ZBV6me { --gkt-divider__border-width: 2px; --gkt-divider__border-color: #e87722; }.ghostkit-custom-w7A2L { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; padding-top: 50px; padding-bottom: 50px; } .ghostkit-custom-ZhPo3M video { background-color: #010101; }.ghostkit-custom-2fl5cr { padding-top: 50px; } .ghostkit-custom-Z2625mi { padding-top: 50px; } .ghostkit-custom-vadmi video { background-color: #010101; } .ghostkit-custom-Zz4FEt { padding-top: 50px; } .ghostkit-custom-17ojg6 { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; --gkt-divider--icon__font-size: 44px; padding-top: 30px; padding-bottom: 30px; } .ghostkit-custom-1YCxt5 { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; --gkt-divider--icon__font-size: 44px; padding-top: 30px; padding-bottom: 30px; } .ghostkit-custom-Z5D3ue { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; --gkt-divider--icon__font-size: 44px; padding-top: 30px; padding-bottom: 30px; } .ghostkit-custom-ZFX58K { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; --gkt-divider--icon__font-size: 44px; padding-top: 30px; padding-bottom: 30px; } .ghostkit-custom-Kt2gR { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; --gkt-divider--icon__font-size: 44px; padding-top: 30px; padding-bottom: 30px; } .ghostkit-custom-s5efl { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; --gkt-divider--icon__font-size: 44px; padding-top: 30px; padding-bottom: 30px; } .ghostkit-custom-Z2aqwPV { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; --gkt-divider--icon__font-size: 44px; padding-top: 30px; padding-bottom: 30px; } .ghostkit-custom-ZH72qQ { --gkt-divider__border-width: 4px; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-12LED0 { padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-Z19pUQm { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; margin-top: -4%; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-2fXf7c { --gkt-divider__border-width: 4px; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-Z2i1zU6 { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-Z1jHea2 { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; margin-top: -4%; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-Z1GQNym { --gkt-divider__border-width: 4px; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-1Hjsgl { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-B13J4 { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; margin-top: -4%; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-X9g2p { --gkt-divider__border-width: 4px; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-Z2eXezT { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; margin-top: 0px; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-Z1aopzF { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; margin-top: -4%; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; }.ghostkit-custom-1Ar3rV { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; } .ghostkit-custom-akbNr { padding-top: (-10); padding-bottom: (-10); --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; } .ghostkit-custom-Z1UBa47 { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; } .ghostkit-custom-1HH8YE { padding-top: (-10); padding-bottom: (-10); --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; } .ghostkit-custom-1oeAB8 { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; } .ghostkit-custom-Z1c5tuP { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; } .ghostkit-custom-1RQ4yj { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; } .ghostkit-custom-Z1TI9qT { padding-top: (-10); padding-bottom: (-10); } .ghostkit-custom-DiNYx { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; } .ghostkit-custom-1kgHI5 { padding-top: (-10); padding-bottom: (-10); } .ghostkit-custom-20SQt2 { padding-top: (-10); padding-bottom: (-10); --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; } .ghostkit-custom-t1BQ3 { padding-top: (-10); padding-bottom: (-10); --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; } .ghostkit-custom-Z2jzN5J { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; } .ghostkit-custom-Z1IjRd9 { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; } .ghostkit-custom-1Rr4Nt { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; } .ghostkit-custom-Z1Mzpnd { padding-top: (-10); padding-bottom: (-10); } .ghostkit-custom-1c8diC { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; } .ghostkit-custom-Za39vE { padding-top: (-10); padding-bottom: (-10); } .ghostkit-custom-gPhEa { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; }.ghostkit-custom-2k2sNS { position: default; }.ghostkit-custom-Z7I0RK { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; margin-top: -4%; padding-right: 8%; } .ghostkit-custom-Z24Bn5M { --gkt-divider__border-width: 4px; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-ZIFR0k { padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; }blockquote{ padding-top:2.5%; padding-bottom:2.5%; color:#E87722; position:relative; margin-left: 19%; padding-right: 10%; } blockquote p{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 25px; line-height: 1.25; text-align: left; } blockquote:before{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; position:absolute; font-size: 4em; line-height: 1; top: realtive; left: -10%; content: "\201C"; } cite{ line-height: 1.25; color:#E87722; text-align: right; } .ghostkit-custom-Z2kjatw { } blockquote{ padding-top:2.5%; padding-bottom:2.5%; color:#E87722; position:relative; margin-left: 19%; padding-right: 10%; } blockquote p{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 25px; line-height: 1.25; text-align: left; } blockquote:before{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; position:absolute; font-size: 4em; line-height: 1; top: realtive; left: -10%; content: "\201C"; } cite{ line-height: 1.25; color:#E87722; text-align: right; } .ghostkit-custom-Z1tFfat { }.ghostkit-custom-Z1IEGyL { --gkt-divider__border-width: 2px; --gkt-divider__border-color: #0c2340; } .ghostkit-custom-19tuJq { margin-top: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-ZNPGue { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; --gkt-divider__border-color: #d0d0ce; } .ghostkit-custom-1OoQUx { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; --gkt-divider__border-color: #d0d0ce; } .ghostkit-custom-Z2lFI1L { --gkt-divider__border-width: 4px; padding-left: 0%; padding-right: 0%; } .ghostkit-custom-Z1oL0Ud { padding-left: 0%; padding-right: 0%; } .ghostkit-custom-5ARsm { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; margin-top: -4%; padding-right: 0%; padding-left: 0%; } .ghostkit-custom-Z1SWjMN { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; margin-top: -4%; padding-right: 8%; }blockquote{ padding-top:2.5%; padding-bottom:2.5%; color:#E87722; position:relative; margin-left: 19%; padding-right: 10%; } blockquote p{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 25px; line-height: 1.25; text-align: left; } blockquote:before{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; position:absolute; font-size: 4em; line-height: 1; top: realtive; left: -10%; content: "\201C"; } cite{ line-height: 1.25; color:#E87722; text-align: right; } .ghostkit-custom-ZXEz4R { }blockquote{ padding-top:2.5%; padding-bottom:2.5%; color:#E87722; position:relative; margin-left: 19%; padding-right: 10%; } blockquote p{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 25px; line-height: 1.25; text-align: left; } blockquote:before{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; position:absolute; font-size: 4em; line-height: 1; top: realtive; left: -10%; content: "\201C"; } cite{ line-height: 1.25; color:#E87722; text-align: right; } .ghostkit-custom-Z1KmTbl { }blockquote{ padding-top:2.5%; padding-bottom:2.5%; color:#E87722; position:relative; margin-left: 19%; padding-right: 10%; } blockquote p{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 25px; line-height: 1.25; text-align: left; } blockquote:before{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; position:absolute; font-size: 4em; line-height: 1; top: realtive; left: -10%; content: "\201C"; } cite{ line-height: 1.25; color:#E87722; text-align: right; } .ghostkit-custom-ZzfXOA { }blockquote{ padding-top:2.5%; padding-bottom:2.5%; color:#E87722; position:relative; margin-left: 19%; padding-right: 10%; } blockquote p{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 25px; line-height: 1.25; text-align: left; } blockquote:before{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; position:absolute; font-size: 4em; line-height: 1; top: realtive; left: -10%; content: "\201C"; } cite{ line-height: 1.25; color:#E87722; text-align: right; } .ghostkit-custom-ZnNg3n { }blockquote{ padding-top:2.5%; padding-bottom:2.5%; color:#E87722; position:relative; margin-left: 19%; padding-right: 10%; } blockquote p{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 25px; line-height: 1.25; text-align: left; } blockquote:before{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; position:absolute; font-size: 4em; line-height: 1; top: realtive; left: -10%; content: "\201C"; } cite{ line-height: 1.25; color:#E87722; text-align: right; } .ghostkit-custom-ZsYKPL { } .ghostkit-custom-Z6lC6N { --gkt-divider__border-width: 4px; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-Z1t7p2m { padding-left: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-Z2uGb1y { padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; }blockquote{ padding-top:2.5%; padding-bottom:2.5%; color:#E87722; position:relative; margin-left: 19%; padding-right: 10%; } blockquote p{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 25px; line-height: 1.25; text-align: left; } blockquote:before{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; position:absolute; font-size: 4em; line-height: 1; top: realtive; left: -10%; content: "\201C"; } cite{ line-height: 1.25; color:#E87722; text-align: right; } blockquote{ padding-top:2.5%; padding-bottom:2.5%; color:#E87722; position:relative; margin-left: 19%; padding-right: 10%; } blockquote p{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 25px; line-height: 1.25; text-align: left; } blockquote:before{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; position:absolute; font-size: 4em; line-height: 1; top: realtive; left: -10%; content: "\201C"; } cite{ line-height: 1.25; color:#E87722; text-align: right; }blockquote{ padding-top:2.5%; padding-bottom:2.5%; color:#E87722; position:relative; margin-left: 19%; padding-right: 10%; } blockquote p{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 25px; line-height: 1.25; text-align: left; } blockquote:before{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; position:absolute; font-size: 4em; line-height: 1; top: realtive; left: -10%; content: "\201C"; } cite{ line-height: 1.25; color:#E87722; text-align: right; }.ghostkit-custom-2fXf7c { --gkt-divider__border-width: 4px; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-12LED0 { padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-Z1jHea2 { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; margin-top: -4%; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; }.ghostkit-custom-21rFqP { margin-bottom: 5%; margin-top: 5%; } .ghostkit-custom-Z7I0RK { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; margin-top: -4%; padding-right: 8%; } .ghostkit-custom-19tuJq { margin-top: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-Z1IEGyL { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; --gkt-divider__border-color: #d0d0ce; } .ghostkit-custom-1OoQUx { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; --gkt-divider__border-color: #d0d0ce; }.ghostkit-custom-Z24Bn5M { --gkt-divider__border-width: 4px; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-1DstL9 { padding-left: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-ZIFR0k { padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; }.ghostkit-custom-ZH72qQ { --gkt-divider__border-width: 4px; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-12LED0 { padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-Z19pUQm { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; margin-top: -4%; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-1ESJaB { --gkt-divider__border-width: 4px; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-ZH6OwR { padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-ZvTVkd { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; margin-top: -4%; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; }blockquote{ padding-top:2.5%; padding-bottom:2.5%; color:#E87722; position:relative; margin-left: 19%; padding-right: 10%; } blockquote p{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 25px; line-height: 1.25; text-align: left; } blockquote:before{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; position:absolute; font-size: 4em; line-height: 1; top: realtive; left: -10%; content: "\201C"; } cite{ line-height: 1.25; color:#E87722; text-align: right; } .ghostkit-custom-2fXf7c { --gkt-divider__border-width: 4px; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-12LED0 { padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-Z1jHea2 { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; margin-top: -4%; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; }.ghostkit-custom-E4Rsk { margin-top: 100px; margin-bottom: 100px; } @media (max-width: 1200px) { .ghostkit-custom-E4Rsk { margin-top: 100px; margin-bottom: 100px; margin-left: 15%; margin-right: 15%; } } @media (max-width: 992px) { .ghostkit-custom-E4Rsk { margin-top: 70px; margin-bottom: 70px; margin-left: 15%; margin-right: 15%; } } @media (max-width: 768px) { .ghostkit-custom-E4Rsk { margin-top: 70px !important; margin-bottom: 70px !important; } } @media (max-width: 576px) { .ghostkit-custom-E4Rsk { margin-top: 50px; margin-bottom: 50px; } } .ghostkit-custom-Z1PxyIK { --gkt-divider__border-width: 4px; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-Z1i6xrV { padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-mTGlR { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; margin-top: -3%; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } blockquote{ padding-top:2.5%; padding-bottom:2.5%; color:#E87722; position:relative; margin-left: 19%; padding-right: 10%; } blockquote p{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 25px; line-height: 1.25; text-align: left; } blockquote:before{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; position:absolute; font-size: 4em; line-height: 1; top: realtive; left: -10%; content: "\201C"; } cite{ line-height: 1.25; color:#E87722; text-align: right; } .ghostkit-custom-Z2kjatw { }.ghostkit-custom-ZmwwM1 { --gkt-divider__border-width: 4px; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-vNBAc { padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-ZxwVkb { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; margin-top: -4%; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } blockquote{ padding-top:2.5%; padding-bottom:2.5%; color:#E87722; position:relative; margin-left: 19%; padding-right: 10%; } blockquote p{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 25px; line-height: 1.25; text-align: left; } blockquote:before{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; position:absolute; font-size: 4em; line-height: 1; top: realtive; left: -10%; content: "\201C"; } cite{ line-height: 1.25; color:#E87722; text-align: right; } .ghostkit-custom-2fXf7c { --gkt-divider__border-width: 4px; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-12LED0 { padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-Z1jHea2 { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; margin-top: -4%; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; }.ghostkit-custom-Z1ddurk { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; --gkt-divider__border-color: #007f3b; } .ghostkit-custom-ttrg9 { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; --gkt-divider__border-color: #007f3b; } .ghostkit-custom-s3o2f { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; --gkt-divider__border-color: #007f3b; } .ghostkit-custom-2fXf7c { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-12LED0 { padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-Z1jHea2 { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; margin-top: -4%; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; }.ghostkit-custom-SreoB { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; --gkt-divider__border-color: #7da419; } .ghostkit-custom-ZobPGT { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; --gkt-divider__border-color: #7da419; }.ghostkit-custom-s3o2f { --gkt-divider__border-width: 2px; }.ghostkit-custom-2fXf7c { --gkt-divider__border-width: 4px; } .ghostkit-custom-Z1jHea2 { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; margin-top: -4%; }.ghostkit-custom-W3WrE { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; --gkt-divider__border-color: #7da419; } .ghostkit-custom-Z75MOv { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; --gkt-divider__border-color: #7da419; }.ghostkit-custom-Z1ddurk { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; --gkt-divider__border-color: #007f3b; } .ghostkit-custom-2fXf7c { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-12LED0 { padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-Z1jHea2 { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; margin-top: -4%; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; }.ghostkit-custom-Z1ddurk { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; --gkt-divider__border-color: #007f3b; } .ghostkit-custom-ttrg9 { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; --gkt-divider__border-color: #007f3b; } .ghostkit-custom-s3o2f { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; --gkt-divider__border-color: #007f3b; }.ghostkit-custom-Z2lFI1L { --gkt-divider__border-width: 4px; padding-left: 0%; padding-right: 0%; } .ghostkit-custom-Z1oL0Ud { padding-left: 0%; padding-right: 0%; } .ghostkit-custom-5ARsm { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; margin-top: -4%; padding-right: 0%; padding-left: 0%; } .ghostkit-custom-Z1SWjMN { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; margin-top: -4%; padding-right: 8%; }.ghostkit-custom-Z6lC6N { --gkt-divider__border-width: 4px; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-Z1t7p2m { padding-left: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-Z2uGb1y { padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; }.ghostkit-custom-Z1htyYx { --gkt-divider__border-width: 4px; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-Z1SXF3Q { padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-Z3Mx6U { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; margin-top: -4%; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; }.ghostkit-custom-Z15WOyd { padding-bottom: 2%; } .ghostkit-custom-1ztoxT { background-color: #e87722; color: white; } .ghostkit-custom-Z7I0RK { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; --gkt-divider__border-color: #e87722; --gkt-divider--icon__font-size: 30px; --gkt-divider--icon__color: #e87722; margin-top: -4%; padding-right: 8%; } .ghostkit-custom-Z2vIy70 { background-color: #e87722; color: white; } .ghostkit-custom-Z17CBNO { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; --gkt-divider__border-color: #e87722; --gkt-divider--icon__font-size: 30px; --gkt-divider--icon__color: #e87722; margin-top: -4%; padding-right: 8%; } .ghostkit-custom-1wHD6 { background-color: #e87722; color: white; } .ghostkit-custom-Z1pg8u7 { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; --gkt-divider__border-color: #e87722; --gkt-divider--icon__font-size: 30px; --gkt-divider--icon__color: #e87722; margin-top: -4%; padding-right: 8%; }blockquote{ padding-top:2.5%; padding-bottom:2.5%; color:#E87722; position:relative; margin-left: 19%; padding-right: 10%; } blockquote p{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 25px; line-height: 1.25; text-align: left; } blockquote:before{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; position:absolute; font-size: 4em; line-height: 1; top: realtive; left: -10%; content: "\201C"; } cite{ line-height: 1.25; color:#E87722; text-align: right; } blockquote{ padding-top:2.5%; padding-bottom:2.5%; color:#E87722; position:relative; margin-left: 19%; padding-right: 10%; } blockquote p{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 25px; line-height: 1.25; text-align: left; } blockquote:before{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; position:absolute; font-size: 4em; line-height: 1; top: realtive; left: -10%; content: "\201C"; } cite{ line-height: 1.25; color:#E87722; text-align: right; } .ghostkit-custom-2fXf7c { --gkt-divider__border-width: 4px; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-12LED0 { padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-Z1jHea2 { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; margin-top: -4%; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; }blockquote{ padding-top:2.5%; padding-bottom:2.5%; color:#E87722; position:relative; margin-left: 19%; padding-right: 10%; } blockquote p{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; font-style: normal; font-size: 25px; line-height: 1.25; text-align: left; } blockquote:before{ font-family: Gotham black, serif; position:absolute; font-size: 4em; line-height: 1; top: realtive; left: -10%; content: "\201C"; } cite{ line-height: 1.25; color:#E87722; text-align: right; } .ghostkit-custom-2kTIqX { --gkt-divider__border-width: 4px; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-HxA8I { padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-Z23xWoY { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; margin-top: -4%; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-Z1PxyIK { --gkt-divider__border-width: 4px; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-Z1i6xrV { padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } .ghostkit-custom-mTGlR { --gkt-divider__border-width: 1px; margin-top: -4%; padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; }.ghostkit-custom-1DCz9N { background-color: #ececed; } .ghostkit-custom-1DCz9N p { color: #00193e; }</style> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://magazine.primetals.com/wp/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="favorites-js-extra">var favorites_data = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/magazine.primetals.com\/wp\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"e6ce1ff30e","favorite":"<span class=\"social-share-button social-share-button--bookmark\">Bookmark<\/span>","favorited":"<span class=\"social-share-button social-share-button--bookmark active\">Remove<\/span>","includecount":"","indicate_loading":"","loading_text":"Loading","loading_image":"","loading_image_active":"","loading_image_preload":"","cache_enabled":"1","button_options":{"button_type":"custom","custom_colors":false,"box_shadow":false,"include_count":false,"default":{"background_default":false,"border_default":false,"text_default":false,"icon_default":false,"count_default":false},"active":{"background_active":false,"border_active":false,"text_active":false,"icon_active":false,"count_active":false}},"authentication_modal_content":"<p>Please login to add favorites.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#\" data-favorites-modal-close>Dismiss this notice<\/a><\/p>\n","authentication_redirect":"","dev_mode":"","logged_in":"","user_id":"0","authentication_redirect_url":"https:\/\/magazine.primetals.com\/wp\/wp-login.php"};</script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/wp-json/" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/wp/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /><meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.6.2" /><meta name="generator" content="WPML ver:4.6.13 stt:59,1;" /><meta name="generator" content="Site Kit by Google 1.137.0" /> <script>if (!window.matchMedia('(prefers-reduced-motion: reduce)').matches) { document.documentElement.classList.add( 'ghostkit-effects-enabled' ); }</script> <link rel="preload" href="/app/themes/metalsmagazine/dist/fonts/gotham/Gotham-Black_Web.woff2" as="font" crossorigin="anonymous"><link rel="preload" href="/app/themes/metalsmagazine/dist/fonts/gotham/Gotham-Medium_Web.woff2" as="font" crossorigin="anonymous"><link rel="preload" href="/app/themes/metalsmagazine/dist/fonts/icomoon/icomoon.ttf?x70bs" as="font" crossorigin="anonymous"><link rel="preload" href="/app/themes/metalsmagazine/dist/fonts/gotham/Gotham-Book_Web.woff2" as="font" crossorigin="anonymous"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="/apple-icon-57x57.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="/apple-icon-60x60.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="/apple-icon-72x72.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="/apple-icon-76x76.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="/apple-icon-114x114.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="/apple-icon-120x120.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="/apple-icon-144x144.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="/apple-icon-152x152.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/apple-icon-180x180.png"><link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href="/android-icon-192x192.png"><link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/favicon-32x32.png"><link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="96x96" href="/favicon-96x96.png"><link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/favicon-16x16.png"><link rel="manifest" href="/manifest.json"><meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#ffffff"><meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="/ms-icon-144x144.png"><meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"><link rel="icon" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2021/02/cropped-PWA_M_dark-blue_512-150x150.png" sizes="32x32" /><link rel="icon" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2021/02/cropped-PWA_M_dark-blue_512-300x300.png" sizes="192x192" /><meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2021/02/cropped-PWA_M_dark-blue_512-300x300.png" /><meta name="pwaforwp" content="wordpress-plugin"/><meta name="theme-color" content="#D5E0EB"><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="Metals Magazine"><meta name="application-name" content="Metals Magazine"><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="default"><meta name="mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"><meta name="apple-touch-fullscreen" content="yes"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="192x192" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2021/02/PWA_M_dark-blue_192.png"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="512x512" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/plugins/pwa-for-wp/images/logo-512x512.png"> <noscript><style id="rocket-lazyload-nojs-css">.rll-youtube-player, [data-lazy-src]{display:none !important;}</style></noscript><meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=5, minimum-scale=1"><link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11">  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-6W49WJQCTN"></script> <script>window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-6W49WJQCTN');</script> <title> Metals Magazine</title></head><body class="home blog"><header id="header" class="header header--home"><nav class="navbar no-transition"><div class="container"><div class="container__inner"><div class="row"><div class="col-12"><div class="navbar__top"><div class="navbar__top-logo"> <a href="/" class="navbar__logo"></a></div><div class="navbar__top-links"><div class="navbar__top-link dropdown"><div class="dropdown-title"> Spotlight</div><div class="dropdown-menu"><ul class="dropdown-menu-inner"><li class="dropdown-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/topic/news/"> News </a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/topic/spotlight/"> Features </a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/tag/company-locations/"> Company Locations </a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/topic/green-steel/"> Green Steel </a></li></ul></div><div class="dropdown-menu-outer"></div></div><div class="navbar__top-link dropdown"><div class="dropdown-title"> Technology</div><div class="dropdown-menu"><ul class="dropdown-menu-inner"><li class="dropdown-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/topic/agglomeration/"> Agglomeration </a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/topic/ironmaking/"> Ironmaking </a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/topic/steelmaking/"> Steelmaking </a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/topic/continuous-casting/"> Continous Casting </a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/topic/endless-casting-rolling/"> Endless Casting & Rolling </a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/topic/hot-rolling-long/"> Hot Rolling Long </a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/topic/hot-rolling-flat/"> Hot Rolling Flat </a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/topic/cold-rolling/"> Cold Rolling </a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/topic/non-ferrous-rolling/"> Non Ferrous Rolling </a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/topic/processing/"> Processing </a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/topic/digitalization/"> Digitalization </a></li></ul></div><div class="dropdown-menu-outer"></div></div><div class="navbar__top-link dropdown"><div class="dropdown-title"> Inspiration</div><div class="dropdown-menu"><ul class="dropdown-menu-inner"><li class="dropdown-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/topic/inspiration/"> Be Inspired </a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/topic/video"> Video </a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/tag/boost-your-creativity/"> Boost Your Creativity </a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/tag/interview/"> Interviews </a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/tag/what-if/"> What If ...? </a></li></ul></div><div class="dropdown-menu-outer"></div></div><div class="navbar__top-link dropdown"><div class="dropdown-title"> Magazine</div><div class="dropdown-menu"><ul class="dropdown-menu-inner"><li class="dropdown-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/issue/01-jun-24/"> Current issue </a></li><li class="dropdown-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/issues-overview-archive-/"> Past Issues </a></li></ul></div><div class="dropdown-menu-outer"></div></div></div><div class="navbar__top-meta"><div class="navbar__top-meta--search"> <a class="navbar__top-meta-link navbar__top-link search-box-toggler" href="#"> <span class="icon-search"></span> <span class="navbar__top-meta--label">Search</span> </a></div><div class="navbar__top-meta--language-picker"> <a class="navbar__top-meta-link navbar__top-link" href="#"> <span class="icon-globe"></span> <span class="navbar__top-meta--label">EN</span> </a></div></div><div class="navbar__top-social"> <a class="navbar__top-social-link" href="https://www.facebook.com/Primetals/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <span class="icon-facebook"></span> </a> <a class="navbar__top-social-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/primetals/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <span class="icon-linkedin"></span> </a> <a class="navbar__top-social-link" href="https://twitter.com/Primetals" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <span class="icon-twitter"></span> </a> <a class="navbar__top-social-link" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCrPZn3YwKn4Wdcp2ohtd7AQ" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <span class="icon-youtube"></span> </a></div></div></div></div></div></div></nav></header><div class="header header--dropdown"><nav class="navbar no-transition"><div class="container"><div class="container__inner"><div class="row"><div class="col-12"><div class="navbar__bottom"><div class="navbar__header"> <button class="navbar__toggler collapsed" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMain" aria-controls="navbarMain" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button></div><div class="collapse navbar__collapse" id="navbarMain"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-12"><ul class="navbar__nav"><li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Spotlight <span class="nav-arrow"></span> </a><ul class="dropdown-menu level-1"><li class="dropdown-item dropdown-item--back"> <span class="nav-arrow"></span> <span>Spotlight</span></li><li class="dropdown-item level-1"> <a class="nav-link" href="/topic/news/"> News </a></li><li class="dropdown-item level-1"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/topic/spotlight/"> Features </a></li><li class="dropdown-item level-1"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/tag/company-locations/"> Company Locations </a></li><li class="dropdown-item level-1"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/topic/green-steel/"> Green Steel </a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Technology <span class="nav-arrow"></span> </a><ul class="dropdown-menu level-1"><li class="dropdown-item dropdown-item--back"> <span class="nav-arrow"></span> <span>Technology</span></li><li class="dropdown-item level-1"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/topic/agglomeration/"> Agglomeration </a></li><li class="dropdown-item level-1"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/topic/ironmaking/"> Ironmaking </a></li><li class="dropdown-item level-1"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/topic/steelmaking/"> Steelmaking </a></li><li class="dropdown-item level-1"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/topic/continuous-casting/"> Continous Casting </a></li><li class="dropdown-item level-1"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/topic/endless-casting-rolling/"> Endless Casting & Rolling </a></li><li class="dropdown-item level-1"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/topic/hot-rolling-long/"> Hot Rolling Long </a></li><li class="dropdown-item level-1"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/topic/hot-rolling-flat/"> Hot Rolling Flat </a></li><li class="dropdown-item level-1"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/topic/cold-rolling/"> Cold Rolling </a></li><li class="dropdown-item level-1"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/topic/non-ferrous-rolling/"> Non Ferrous Rolling </a></li><li class="dropdown-item level-1"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/topic/processing/"> Processing </a></li><li class="dropdown-item level-1"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/topic/digitalization/"> Digitalization </a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Inspiration <span class="nav-arrow"></span> </a><ul class="dropdown-menu level-1"><li class="dropdown-item dropdown-item--back"> <span class="nav-arrow"></span> <span>Inspiration</span></li><li class="dropdown-item level-1"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/topic/inspiration/"> Be Inspired </a></li><li class="dropdown-item level-1"> <a class="nav-link" href="/topic/video"> Video </a></li><li class="dropdown-item level-1"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/tag/boost-your-creativity/"> Boost Your Creativity </a></li><li class="dropdown-item level-1"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/tag/interview/"> Interviews </a></li><li class="dropdown-item level-1"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/tag/what-if/"> What If ...? </a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Magazine <span class="nav-arrow"></span> </a><ul class="dropdown-menu level-1"><li class="dropdown-item dropdown-item--back"> <span class="nav-arrow"></span> <span>Magazine</span></li><li class="dropdown-item level-1"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/issue/01-jun-24/"> Current issue </a></li><li class="dropdown-item level-1"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/issues-overview-archive-/"> Past Issues </a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/your-bookmarks/?t=1733229387">Your Bookmarks</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></nav></div><div class="header header--compact header--compact-home"><nav class="navbar"><div class="container"><div class="container__inner"><div class="row"><div class="col-12"><div class="navbar__top"><div class="navbar__header"> <button class="navbar__toggler collapsed" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMainMobile" aria-controls="navbarMainMobile" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button></div><div class="navbar__top-logo"> <a href="#" class="navbar__logo"></a></div><div class="navbar__top-meta"><div class="navbar__top-meta--search"> <a class="navbar__top-meta-link navbar__top-link search-box-toggler" href="#"> <span class="icon-search"></span> <span class="navbar__top-meta--label">Search</span> </a></div><div class="navbar__top-meta--language-picker"> <a class="navbar__top-meta-link navbar__top-link" href="#"> <span class="icon-globe"></span> <span class="navbar__top-meta--label">EN</span> </a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="row"><div class="col-12"><div class="navbar__bottom"><div class="collapse navbar__collapse" id="navbarMainMobile"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-12"><ul class="navbar__nav"><li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Spotlight <span class="nav-arrow"></span> </a><ul class="dropdown-menu level-1"><li class="dropdown-item dropdown-item--back"> <span class="nav-arrow"></span> <span>Spotlight</span></li><li class="dropdown-item level-1"> <a class="nav-link" href="/topic/news/"> News </a></li><li class="dropdown-item level-1"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/topic/spotlight/"> Features </a></li><li class="dropdown-item level-1"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/tag/company-locations/"> Company Locations </a></li><li class="dropdown-item level-1"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/topic/green-steel/"> Green Steel </a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Technology <span class="nav-arrow"></span> </a><ul class="dropdown-menu level-1"><li class="dropdown-item dropdown-item--back"> <span class="nav-arrow"></span> <span>Technology</span></li><li class="dropdown-item level-1"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/topic/agglomeration/"> Agglomeration </a></li><li class="dropdown-item level-1"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/topic/ironmaking/"> Ironmaking </a></li><li class="dropdown-item level-1"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/topic/steelmaking/"> Steelmaking </a></li><li class="dropdown-item level-1"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/topic/continuous-casting/"> Continous Casting </a></li><li class="dropdown-item level-1"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/topic/endless-casting-rolling/"> Endless Casting & Rolling </a></li><li class="dropdown-item level-1"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/topic/hot-rolling-long/"> Hot Rolling Long </a></li><li class="dropdown-item level-1"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/topic/hot-rolling-flat/"> Hot Rolling Flat </a></li><li class="dropdown-item level-1"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/topic/cold-rolling/"> Cold Rolling </a></li><li class="dropdown-item level-1"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/topic/non-ferrous-rolling/"> Non Ferrous Rolling </a></li><li class="dropdown-item level-1"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/topic/processing/"> Processing </a></li><li class="dropdown-item level-1"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/topic/digitalization/"> Digitalization </a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Inspiration <span class="nav-arrow"></span> </a><ul class="dropdown-menu level-1"><li class="dropdown-item dropdown-item--back"> <span class="nav-arrow"></span> <span>Inspiration</span></li><li class="dropdown-item level-1"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/topic/inspiration/"> Be Inspired </a></li><li class="dropdown-item level-1"> <a class="nav-link" href="/topic/video"> Video </a></li><li class="dropdown-item level-1"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/tag/boost-your-creativity/"> Boost Your Creativity </a></li><li class="dropdown-item level-1"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/tag/interview/"> Interviews </a></li><li class="dropdown-item level-1"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/tag/what-if/"> What If ...? </a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Magazine <span class="nav-arrow"></span> </a><ul class="dropdown-menu level-1"><li class="dropdown-item dropdown-item--back"> <span class="nav-arrow"></span> <span>Magazine</span></li><li class="dropdown-item level-1"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/issue/01-jun-24/"> Current issue </a></li><li class="dropdown-item level-1"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://magazine.primetals.com/issues-overview-archive-/"> Past Issues </a></li></ul></li><li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="/your-bookmarks/?t=1733229387">Your Bookmarks</a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="navbar__bottom-social"><div class="navbar__bottom-social-label"> Social & Feeds</div> <a class="navbar__bottom-social-link" href="https://www.facebook.com/Primetals/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <span class="icon-facebook"></span> </a> <a class="navbar__bottom-social-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/primetals/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <span class="icon-linkedin"></span> </a> <a class="navbar__bottom-social-link" href="https://twitter.com/Primetals" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <span class="icon-twitter"></span> </a> <a class="navbar__bottom-social-link" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCrPZn3YwKn4Wdcp2ohtd7AQ" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <span class="icon-youtube"></span> </a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></nav></div><div class="search-box hide"><div class="container"><div class="container__inner"><div class="row"><div class="col-12"><form action="/"><div class="search-box__inner"><div class="search-box__input"> <input type="text" name="s" class="form-control form-control--search" value="" placeholder="Search..."> <button type="submit"> <span class="icon-search"></span> </button></div><div class="search-box__sort"> <select name="sort" class="selectpicker large" title="Sort by"><option value="DESC" >sort by newest</option><option value="ASC" >sort by oldest</option> </select></div><div class="search-box__date-range"><div class="datepicker__wrap"><div class="form-group"> <input class="datepicker datepicker__input form-control" name="datepicker" value="" readonly/><div class="datepicker__label">Date Range</div></div></div></div></div></form></div></div></div></div></div><main class="sections"><section class="section section--home-boxes"><div class="container"><div class="container__inner"><div class="row"><div class="col latest-topics"><article class="article article-horizontal"><div class="article__image"> <a href="https://magazine.primetals.com/2024/09/10/arvedi-esp-setting-the-standard-in-ehrc-production/"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 1200px)" srcset="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/07/csm_Signing_Zhongshou1_01_75ebcc8d75-576x366.jpg"> <source media="(min-width: 992px)" srcset="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/07/csm_Signing_Zhongshou1_01_75ebcc8d75-576x366.jpg"> <source media="(min-width: 768px)" srcset="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/07/csm_Signing_Zhongshou1_01_75ebcc8d75-576x366.jpg"> <img src="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/07/csm_Signing_Zhongshou1_01_75ebcc8d75-576x366.jpg" alt=""> </picture> </a></div><div class="article__label"> Endless Casting & Rolling</div><div class="article__title"> <a href="https://magazine.primetals.com/2024/09/10/arvedi-esp-setting-the-standard-in-ehrc-production/"><h3 class="article__headline"> Arvedi ESP: Setting the Standard in eHRC Production</h3> </a></div></article><article class="article article-horizontal"><div class="article__image"> <a href="https://magazine.primetals.com/2024/09/05/engineered-from-start-to-finish/"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 1200px)" srcset="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/09/IMG_0231_16_9-576x324.jpg"> <source media="(min-width: 992px)" srcset="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/09/IMG_0231_16_9-576x324.jpg"> <source media="(min-width: 768px)" srcset="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/09/IMG_0231_16_9-576x324.jpg"> <img src="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/09/IMG_0231_16_9-576x324.jpg" alt=""> </picture> </a></div><div class="article__label"> Hot Rolling Flat</div><div class="article__title"> <a href="https://magazine.primetals.com/2024/09/05/engineered-from-start-to-finish/"><h3 class="article__headline"> Engineered from Start to Finish</h3> </a></div></article><article class="article article-horizontal"><div class="article__image"> <a href="https://magazine.primetals.com/2024/06/06/pioneers-talk-22-predicting-the-future-with-ai/"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 1200px)" srcset="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/06/Petra-1-576x324.png"> <source media="(min-width: 992px)" srcset="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/06/Petra-1-576x324.png"> <source media="(min-width: 768px)" srcset="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/06/Petra-1-576x324.png"> <img src="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/06/Petra-1-576x324.png" alt=""> </picture> </a></div><div class="article__label"> Digitalization</div><div class="article__title"> <a href="https://magazine.primetals.com/2024/06/06/pioneers-talk-22-predicting-the-future-with-ai/"><h3 class="article__headline"> Pioneers Talk #22: Predicting the Future with AI</h3> </a></div></article></div><div class="col featured-topic"><article class="article article-horizontal article-horizontal--big"><div class="article__image"> <a href="https://magazine.primetals.com/2024/10/14/morgan-no-twist-mill-innovation-in-wire-rod-production/"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 1200px)" srcset="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/10/Zenith_YKS9428_clean-768x511.jpg"> <source media="(min-width: 992px)" srcset="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/10/Zenith_YKS9428_clean-768x511.jpg"> <source media="(min-width: 768px)" srcset="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/10/Zenith_YKS9428_clean-768x511.jpg"> <img fetchpriority="high" src="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/10/Zenith_YKS9428_clean-768x511.jpg" alt=""> </picture> </a></div><div class="article__label"> Hot Rolling Long</div><div class="article__title"> <a href="https://magazine.primetals.com/2024/10/14/morgan-no-twist-mill-innovation-in-wire-rod-production/"><h1 class="article__headline"> Morgan No-Twist庐 Mill: Innovation in Wire Rod Production</h1> </a></div><div class="article__intro"> <a href="https://magazine.primetals.com/2024/10/14/morgan-no-twist-mill-innovation-in-wire-rod-production/"><p>The No-Twist庐 Mill serves as a clear example of how far long rolling and wire rod production within the metals processing industry has come within the past 60 years at Primetals Technologies.</p> </a></div></article></div><div class="col latest-news"><div class="latest-news__inner"><div class="latest-news__header"><div class="latest-news__title"><h2 class="latest-news__headline"> News</h2></div><div class="latest-news__subtitle"> What's new in metals?</div></div><div class="latest-news__list"><div class="news"><div class="news__title"> Digitalization</div><div class="news__excerpt"> <a href="https://magazine.primetals.com/2023/12/11/construction-work-begins-at-thyssenkrupp-steel-in-duisburg/"> Construction Work Begins at thyssenkrupp Steel in Duisburg </a></div><div class="news__date"> 11.12.2023</div></div><div class="news"><div class="news__title"> Ironmaking</div><div class="news__excerpt"> <a href="https://magazine.primetals.com/2023/12/06/austrian-government-awards-primetals-technologies-for-hyfor/"> Austrian Government Awards Primetals Technologies for HYFOR </a></div><div class="news__date"> 06.12.2023</div></div><div class="news"><div class="news__title"> Hot Rolling Flat</div><div class="news__excerpt"> <a href="https://magazine.primetals.com/2023/11/29/new-eco-slide-discs-at-hyundai-steel/"> New Eco Slide Discs at Hyundai Steel </a></div><div class="news__date"> 29.11.2023</div></div><div class="news"><div class="news__title"> Digitalization</div><div class="news__excerpt"> <a href="https://magazine.primetals.com/2023/11/22/computer-vision-based-a-i-reduces-downtime-at-thyssenkrupp/"> Computer-vision-based A.I. Reduces Downtime at thyssenkrupp </a></div><div class="news__date"> 22.11.2023</div></div><div class="news"><div class="news__title"> Digitalization</div><div class="news__excerpt"> <a href="https://magazine.primetals.com/2023/11/15/modernization-of-automation-systems-boosts-productivity-at-roughing-mill-at-bgh/"> Modernization of Automation Systems Boosts Productivity at Roughing Mill at BGH </a></div><div class="news__date"> 15.11.2023</div></div></div><div class="latest-news__btn"> <a href="/topic/news" class="btn btn--outline-primary"> more news </a></div></div></div></div></div></div></section><section class="section section--issue-preview"><div class="container container--narrow-lg"><div class="container__inner"><div class="row"><div class="col-12"><div class="headline-divider"><div class="title hidden-m"> From our current issue</div><div class="title hidden-d"> The current issue</div></div><div class="issue-preview"><div class="row issue-preview__row"><div class="featured-issue"><div class="featured-issue__inner"><div class="featured-issue__arrow"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 1200px)" data-lazy-srcset="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/themes/metalsmagazine/dist/images/icons/pfeil_magazin_white.svg"> <source media="(min-width: 992px)" data-lazy-srcset="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/themes/metalsmagazine/dist/images/icons/pfeil_magazin_white.svg"> <source media="(min-width: 768px)" data-lazy-srcset="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/themes/metalsmagazine/dist/images/icons/pfeil_magazin_white.svg"> <img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%200%200'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" data-lazy-src="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/themes/metalsmagazine/dist/images/icons/pfeil_magazin_white.svg"><noscript><img src="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/themes/metalsmagazine/dist/images/icons/pfeil_magazin_white.svg" alt=""></noscript> </picture></div><div class="featured-issue__header"><div class="featured-issue__label"> ISSUE #14 (Jun 2024)</div><div class="featured-issue__title"><h2 class="featured-issue__headline"> <a href="https://magazine.primetals.com/issue/01-jun-24/" class="tag color--white color-hover--secondary"> </a></h2></div></div><div class="featured-issue__image"> <a href="https://magazine.primetals.com/issue/01-jun-24/"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 1200px)" data-lazy-srcset="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2023/06/Metals-Magazine-14-FINAL-opt_Page_001-scaled.jpg"> <source media="(min-width: 992px)" data-lazy-srcset="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2023/06/Metals-Magazine-14-FINAL-opt_Page_001-scaled.jpg"> <source media="(min-width: 768px)" data-lazy-srcset="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2023/06/Metals-Magazine-14-FINAL-opt_Page_001-scaled.jpg"> <img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%200%200'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" data-lazy-src="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2023/06/Metals-Magazine-14-FINAL-opt_Page_001-scaled.jpg"><noscript><img src="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2023/06/Metals-Magazine-14-FINAL-opt_Page_001-scaled.jpg" alt=""></noscript> </picture> </a></div><div class="featured-issue__btn"> <a href="https://magazine.primetals.com/issue/01-jun-24/" class="btn btn--outline-white"> read more </a></div></div></div><div class="more-article"><article class="article article-vertical"><div class="article__image"> <a href="https://magazine.primetals.com/2024/03/07/how-we-make-green-happen/"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 1200px)" data-lazy-srcset="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/03/MM01-24-Making-Green-Happen_Header_tile-560x324.jpg"> <source media="(min-width: 992px)" data-lazy-srcset="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/03/MM01-24-Making-Green-Happen_Header_tile-560x324.jpg"> <source media="(min-width: 768px)" data-lazy-srcset="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/03/MM01-24-Making-Green-Happen_Header_tile-560x324.jpg"> <img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%200%200'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" data-lazy-src="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/03/MM01-24-Making-Green-Happen_Header_tile-560x324.jpg"><noscript><img src="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/03/MM01-24-Making-Green-Happen_Header_tile-560x324.jpg" alt=""></noscript> </picture> </a></div><div class="article__details"><div class="article__label"> Green Steel</div><div class="article__title"> <a href="https://magazine.primetals.com/2024/03/07/how-we-make-green-happen/"><h3 class="article__headline"> How We Make Green Happen</h3> </a></div><div class="article__excerpt"> <a href="https://magazine.primetals.com/2024/03/07/how-we-make-green-happen/"> At Primetals Technologies, we explore what's next. Learn more about six of our great innovators. </a></div></div></article><article class="article article-vertical"><div class="article__image"> <a href="https://magazine.primetals.com/2024/01/26/the-eaf-quantum-shaping-the-future-of-electric-steelmaking/"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 1200px)" data-lazy-srcset="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/01/EAF-Quantum-Rendering-Output-1-576x324.jpg"> <source media="(min-width: 992px)" data-lazy-srcset="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/01/EAF-Quantum-Rendering-Output-1-576x324.jpg"> <source media="(min-width: 768px)" data-lazy-srcset="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/01/EAF-Quantum-Rendering-Output-1-576x324.jpg"> <img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%200%200'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" data-lazy-src="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/01/EAF-Quantum-Rendering-Output-1-576x324.jpg"><noscript><img src="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/01/EAF-Quantum-Rendering-Output-1-576x324.jpg" alt=""></noscript> </picture> </a></div><div class="article__details"><div class="article__label"> Steelmaking</div><div class="article__title"> <a href="https://magazine.primetals.com/2024/01/26/the-eaf-quantum-shaping-the-future-of-electric-steelmaking/"><h3 class="article__headline"> THE EAF QUANTUM: Shaping the Future of Electric Steelmaking</h3> </a></div><div class="article__excerpt"> <a href="https://magazine.primetals.com/2024/01/26/the-eaf-quantum-shaping-the-future-of-electric-steelmaking/"> A highly efficient electric arc furnace with groundbreaking features, the EAF Quantum is meeting the needs of steel producers transitioning to electric steelmaking worldwide. </a></div></div></article><article class="article article-vertical"><div class="article__image"> <a href="https://magazine.primetals.com/2023/11/15/shanghai-the-commitment-to-reach-for-the-top/"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 1200px)" data-lazy-srcset="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2023/11/IMG_0437-576x324.jpg"> <source media="(min-width: 992px)" data-lazy-srcset="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2023/11/IMG_0437-576x324.jpg"> <source media="(min-width: 768px)" data-lazy-srcset="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2023/11/IMG_0437-576x324.jpg"> <img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%200%200'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" data-lazy-src="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2023/11/IMG_0437-576x324.jpg"><noscript><img src="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2023/11/IMG_0437-576x324.jpg" alt=""></noscript> </picture> </a></div><div class="article__details"><div class="article__label"> Spotlight</div><div class="article__title"> <a href="https://magazine.primetals.com/2023/11/15/shanghai-the-commitment-to-reach-for-the-top/"><h3 class="article__headline"> Shanghai: The Commitment to Reach for the Top</h3> </a></div><div class="article__excerpt"> <a href="https://magazine.primetals.com/2023/11/15/shanghai-the-commitment-to-reach-for-the-top/"> The Shanghai location of Primetals Technologies supports steel producers within China and beyond, Dr. Tom Widter reports. </a></div></div></article></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></section><section class="section section--more-news"><div class="container container--narrow-lg"><div class="container__inner"><div class="row"><div class="col-12"><div class="headline-divider"><div class="title"> More articles and news</div></div><div class="more-news"><article class="article article-horizontal"><div class="article__image"> <a href="https://magazine.primetals.com/2024/09/10/arvedi-esp-setting-the-standard-in-ehrc-production/"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 1200px)" srcset="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/07/csm_Signing_Zhongshou1_01_75ebcc8d75-576x366.jpg"> <source media="(min-width: 992px)" srcset="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/07/csm_Signing_Zhongshou1_01_75ebcc8d75-576x366.jpg"> <source media="(min-width: 768px)" srcset="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/07/csm_Signing_Zhongshou1_01_75ebcc8d75-576x366.jpg"> <img src="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/07/csm_Signing_Zhongshou1_01_75ebcc8d75-576x366.jpg" alt=""> </picture> </a></div><div class="article__label"> Endless Casting & Rolling</div><div class="article__title"> <a href="https://magazine.primetals.com/2024/09/10/arvedi-esp-setting-the-standard-in-ehrc-production/"><h3 class="article__headline"> Arvedi ESP: Setting the Standard in eHRC Production</h3> </a></div></article><article class="article article-horizontal"><div class="article__image"> <a href="https://magazine.primetals.com/2024/09/05/engineered-from-start-to-finish/"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 1200px)" srcset="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/09/IMG_0231_16_9-576x324.jpg"> <source media="(min-width: 992px)" srcset="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/09/IMG_0231_16_9-576x324.jpg"> <source media="(min-width: 768px)" srcset="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/09/IMG_0231_16_9-576x324.jpg"> <img src="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/09/IMG_0231_16_9-576x324.jpg" alt=""> </picture> </a></div><div class="article__label"> Hot Rolling Flat</div><div class="article__title"> <a href="https://magazine.primetals.com/2024/09/05/engineered-from-start-to-finish/"><h3 class="article__headline"> Engineered from Start to Finish</h3> </a></div></article><article class="article article-horizontal"><div class="article__image"> <a href="https://magazine.primetals.com/2024/06/06/pioneers-talk-22-predicting-the-future-with-ai/"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 1200px)" srcset="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/06/Petra-1-576x324.png"> <source media="(min-width: 992px)" srcset="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/06/Petra-1-576x324.png"> <source media="(min-width: 768px)" srcset="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/06/Petra-1-576x324.png"> <img src="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/06/Petra-1-576x324.png" alt=""> </picture> </a></div><div class="article__label"> Digitalization</div><div class="article__title"> <a href="https://magazine.primetals.com/2024/06/06/pioneers-talk-22-predicting-the-future-with-ai/"><h3 class="article__headline"> Pioneers Talk #22: Predicting the Future with AI</h3> </a></div></article><article class="article article-horizontal"><div class="article__image"> <a href="https://magazine.primetals.com/2024/05/17/naturally-entering-the-next-level-kaptan-demir-celik/"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 1200px)" data-lazy-srcset="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/05/Kaptan-Interview-Header_16_9-576x324.jpg"> <source media="(min-width: 992px)" data-lazy-srcset="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/05/Kaptan-Interview-Header_16_9-576x324.jpg"> <source media="(min-width: 768px)" data-lazy-srcset="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/05/Kaptan-Interview-Header_16_9-576x324.jpg"> <img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%200%200'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" data-lazy-src="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/05/Kaptan-Interview-Header_16_9-576x324.jpg"><noscript><img src="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/05/Kaptan-Interview-Header_16_9-576x324.jpg" alt=""></noscript> </picture> </a></div><div class="article__label"> Spotlight</div><div class="article__title"> <a href="https://magazine.primetals.com/2024/05/17/naturally-entering-the-next-level-kaptan-demir-celik/"><h3 class="article__headline"> Naturally Entering the Next Level - Kaptan Dem陌r 脟el陌k</h3> </a></div></article><article class="article article-horizontal"><div class="article__image"> <a href="https://magazine.primetals.com/2024/05/17/power-work-roll-cooling-a-cool-solution-for-a-hot-topic/"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 1200px)" data-lazy-srcset="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/05/Power-Work-Roll_China_v2-copy-576x324.jpg"> <source media="(min-width: 992px)" data-lazy-srcset="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/05/Power-Work-Roll_China_v2-copy-576x324.jpg"> <source media="(min-width: 768px)" data-lazy-srcset="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/05/Power-Work-Roll_China_v2-copy-576x324.jpg"> <img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%200%200'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" data-lazy-src="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/05/Power-Work-Roll_China_v2-copy-576x324.jpg"><noscript><img src="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/05/Power-Work-Roll_China_v2-copy-576x324.jpg" alt=""></noscript> </picture> </a></div><div class="article__label"> Hot Rolling Flat</div><div class="article__title"> <a href="https://magazine.primetals.com/2024/05/17/power-work-roll-cooling-a-cool-solution-for-a-hot-topic/"><h3 class="article__headline"> Power Work-Roll Cooling: A Cool Solution for a Hot Topic</h3> </a></div></article><article class="article article-horizontal"><div class="article__image"> <a href="https://magazine.primetals.com/2024/05/17/maintaining-the-advantage-reliability-centered-maintenance/"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 1200px)" data-lazy-srcset="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/05/MS-MGT-TEAM-23_final-copy-1.jpg"> <source media="(min-width: 992px)" data-lazy-srcset="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/05/MS-MGT-TEAM-23_final-copy-1.jpg"> <source media="(min-width: 768px)" data-lazy-srcset="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/05/MS-MGT-TEAM-23_final-copy-1.jpg"> <img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%200%200'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" data-lazy-src="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/05/MS-MGT-TEAM-23_final-copy-1.jpg"><noscript><img src="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/uploads/2024/05/MS-MGT-TEAM-23_final-copy-1.jpg" alt=""></noscript> </picture> </a></div><div class="article__label"> Services</div><div class="article__title"> <a href="https://magazine.primetals.com/2024/05/17/maintaining-the-advantage-reliability-centered-maintenance/"><h3 class="article__headline"> Maintaining the Advantage: Reliability-Centered Maintenance</h3> </a></div></article></div></div></div></div></div></section></main><footer id="footer" class="footer"><div class="footer__inner bg--gray-extra-light"><div class="footer__top"><div class="container"><div class="container__inner"><div class="row"><div class="col-12 col-md-6 primetals-icon"> <a href="https://www.primetals.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%200%200'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" data-lazy-src="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/themes/metalsmagazine/dist/images/primetals_logo.svg"/><noscript><img src="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/themes/metalsmagazine/dist/images/primetals_logo.svg" alt=""/></noscript> </a></div><div class="col-6 footer__logo"> <a href="#"> <img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%200%200'%3E%3C/svg%3E" alt="" data-lazy-src="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/themes/metalsmagazine/dist/images/logo_footer.svg"/><noscript><img src="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/themes/metalsmagazine/dist/images/logo_footer.svg" alt=""/></noscript> </a><div class="footer__logo-title"> Innovation and Technology <br> for the Metals Industry</div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="footer__bottom"><div class="container"><div class="container__inner"><div class="row"><div class="col-12"><div class="footer__links"> <a class="footer__item" href="https://www.primetals.com/press-media/imprint-privacy-policy">Imprint and Privacy policy</a><div class="footer__details"> <span class="footer__item footer__copyright">© 2024, Primetals Technologies</span><div class="footer__social-media-links"> <a class="footer__social-media-link" href="https://www.facebook.com/Primetals/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <span class="icon-facebook"></span> </a> <a class="footer__social-media-link" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/primetals/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <span class="icon-linkedin"></span> </a> <a class="footer__social-media-link" href="https://twitter.com/Primetals" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <span class="icon-twitter"></span> </a> <a class="footer__social-media-link" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCrPZn3YwKn4Wdcp2ohtd7AQ" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <span class="icon-youtube"></span> </a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></footer> <script type="text/javascript" id="ghostkit-helper-js-extra">var ghostkitVariables = {"version":"3.3.3","pro":"","themeName":"Metals Magazine","settings":[],"disabledBlocks":{"core\/code":true,"core\/freeform":true,"core\/table":true,"core\/verse":true,"ghostkit\/countdown":true,"ghostkit\/table-of-contents":true,"ghostkit\/markdown":true,"ghostkit\/gist":true,"ghostkit\/changelog":true,"core\/audio":true,"core\/cover":true,"core\/file":true,"ghostkit\/twitter":true,"ghostkit\/instagram":true,"ghostkit\/google-maps":true,"ghostkit\/gif":true,"core\/buttons":true,"core\/group":true,"core\/separator":true,"ghostkit\/grid":true,"ghostkit\/progress":true,"ghostkit\/shape-divider":true,"ghostkit\/alert":true,"ghostkit\/icon-box":true,"ghostkit\/counter-box":true,"ghostkit\/tabs-v2":true,"ghostkit\/pricing-table":true,"ghostkit\/form":true,"core\/archives":true,"core\/calendar":true,"core\/categories":true,"core\/latest-posts":true,"core\/rss":true,"core\/search":true,"core\/tag-cloud":true,"ghostkit\/widgetized-area":true,"core-embed\/twitter":true,"core-embed\/youtube":true,"core-embed\/facebook":true,"core-embed\/instagram":true,"core-embed\/wordpress":true,"core-embed\/soundcloud":true,"core-embed\/spotify":true,"core-embed\/flickr":true,"core-embed\/vimeo":true,"core-embed\/animoto":true,"core-embed\/cloudup":true,"core-embed\/crowdsignal":true,"core-embed\/dailymotion":true,"core-embed\/imgur":true,"core-embed\/issuu":true,"core-embed\/kickstarter":true,"core-embed\/meetup-com":true,"core-embed\/mixcloud":true,"core-embed\/reddit":true,"core-embed\/reverbnation":true,"core-embed\/screencast":true,"core-embed\/scribd":true,"core-embed\/slideshare":true,"core-embed\/smugmug":true,"core-embed\/speaker-deck":true,"core-embed\/tiktok":true,"core-embed\/ted":true,"core-embed\/tumblr":true,"core-embed\/videopress":true,"core-embed\/wordpress-tv":true,"core-embed\/amazon-kindle":true,"yoast\/how-to-block":true,"yoast\/faq-block":true,"ghostkit\/testimonial":true},"media_sizes":{"sm":576,"md":768,"lg":992,"xl":1200},"timezone":"UTC+02:00","googleMapsAPIKey":"","googleMapsAPIUrl":"https:\/\/maps.googleapis.com\/maps\/api\/js?v=3.exp&language=en","googleReCaptchaAPISiteKey":"","googleReCaptchaAPISecretKey":"","sidebars":[],"icons":[],"shapes":[],"fonts":[],"customTypographyList":[],"admin_url":"https:\/\/magazine.primetals.com\/wp\/wp-admin\/","admin_templates_url":"https:\/\/magazine.primetals.com\/wp\/wp-admin\/edit.php?post_type=ghostkit_template"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" id="ghostkit-helper-js-before">if (ghostkitVariables) { ghostkitVariables.allowPluginColorPalette = true; } if (ghostkitVariables) { ghostkitVariables.allowPluginCustomizer = true; }</script> <script type="text/javascript" id="pwaforwp-js-js-extra">var pwaforwp_js_obj = {"ajax_url":"https:\/\/magazine.primetals.com\/wp\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","pwa_ms_prefix":"","pwa_home_url":"https:\/\/magazine.primetals.com\/","loader_desktop":"0","loader_mobile":"0","loader_admin":"0","user_admin":"","loader_only_pwa":"0","reset_cookies":"0","force_rememberme":"0"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" id="pwaforwp-download-js-js-extra">var pwaforwp_download_js_obj = {"force_rememberme":"0"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://magazine.primetals.com?pwa_for_wp_script=1&sw=pwa-register-sw-js&ver=1.7.74" id="pwa-main-script-js"></script> <script>window.lazyLoadOptions=[{elements_selector:"img[data-lazy-src],.rocket-lazyload",data_src:"lazy-src",data_srcset:"lazy-srcset",data_sizes:"lazy-sizes",class_loading:"lazyloading",class_loaded:"lazyloaded",threshold:300,callback_loaded:function(element){if(element.tagName==="IFRAME"&&element.dataset.rocketLazyload=="fitvidscompatible"){if(element.classList.contains("lazyloaded")){if(typeof window.jQuery!="undefined"){if(jQuery.fn.fitVids){jQuery(element).parent().fitVids()}}}}}},{elements_selector:".rocket-lazyload",data_src:"lazy-src",data_srcset:"lazy-srcset",data_sizes:"lazy-sizes",class_loading:"lazyloading",class_loaded:"lazyloaded",threshold:300,}];window.addEventListener('LazyLoad::Initialized',function(e){var lazyLoadInstance=e.detail.instance;if(window.MutationObserver){var observer=new MutationObserver(function(mutations){var image_count=0;var iframe_count=0;var rocketlazy_count=0;mutations.forEach(function(mutation){for(var i=0;i<mutation.addedNodes.length;i++){if(typeof mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByTagName!=='function'){continue} if(typeof mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByClassName!=='function'){continue} images=mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByTagName('img');is_image=mutation.addedNodes[i].tagName=="IMG";iframes=mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByTagName('iframe');is_iframe=mutation.addedNodes[i].tagName=="IFRAME";rocket_lazy=mutation.addedNodes[i].getElementsByClassName('rocket-lazyload');image_count+=images.length;iframe_count+=iframes.length;rocketlazy_count+=rocket_lazy.length;if(is_image){image_count+=1} if(is_iframe){iframe_count+=1}}});if(image_count>0||iframe_count>0||rocketlazy_count>0){lazyLoadInstance.update()}});var b=document.getElementsByTagName("body")[0];var config={childList:!0,subtree:!0};observer.observe(b,config)}},!1)</script> <script defer src="https://magazine.primetals.com/app/cache/autoptimize/js/autoptimize_a5dcd1a8bb295b1ff2b9c9f0c3391aa5.js"></script></body></html>