CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: oxygen partial pressure</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: oxygen partial pressure"> <meta name="keywords" content="oxygen partial pressure"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="oxygen partial pressure" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="oxygen partial pressure"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 6484</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: oxygen partial pressure</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6484</span> The Effects of Oxygen Partial Pressure to the Anti-Corrosion Layer in the Liquid Metal Coolant: A Density Functional Theory Simulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rui%20Tu">Rui Tu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yakui%20Bai"> Yakui Bai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huailin%20Li"> Huailin Li </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) alloy is a promising candidate of coolant in the fast neutron reactors and accelerator-driven systems (ADS) because of its good properties, such as low melting point, high neutron yields and high thermal conductivity. Although the corrosion of the structure materials caused by the liquid metal (LM) coolant is a challenge to the safe operating of a lead-bismuth eutectic nuclear reactor. Thermodynamic theories, experiential formulas and experimental data can be used for explaining the maintenance of the protective oxide layers on stainless steels under satisfaction oxygen concentration, but the atomic scale insights of such anti-corrosion mechanisms are little known. In the present work, the first-principles calculations are carried out to study the effects of oxygen partial pressure on the formation energies of the liquid metal coolant relevant impurity defects in the anti-corrosion oxide films on the surfaces of the structure materials. These approaches reveal the microscope mechanisms of the corrosion of the structure materials, especially for the influences from the oxygen partial pressure. The results are helpful for identifying a crucial oxygen concentration for corrosion control, which can ensure the systems to be operated safely under certain temperatures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen%20partial%20pressure" title="oxygen partial pressure">oxygen partial pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liquid%20metal%20coolant" title=" liquid metal coolant"> liquid metal coolant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TDDFT" title=" TDDFT"> TDDFT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-corrosion%20layer" title=" anti-corrosion layer"> anti-corrosion layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formation%20energy" title=" formation energy"> formation energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106626/the-effects-of-oxygen-partial-pressure-to-the-anti-corrosion-layer-in-the-liquid-metal-coolant-a-density-functional-theory-simulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106626.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6483</span> GUI Design of Mathematical Model of Cardiovascular-Respiratory System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ntaganda%20J.M.">Ntaganda J.M.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maniraguha%20J.D."> Maniraguha J.D.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mukeshimana%20S."> Mukeshimana S.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harelimana%20D"> Harelimana D</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bizimungu%20T."> Bizimungu T.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruataganda%20E."> Ruataganda E.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the design of Graphic User Interface (GUI) in Matlab as interaction tool between human and machine. The designed GUI can be used by medical doctors and other experts particularly the physiologists. Matlab packages and estimated parameters of the mathematical model of cardiovascular-respiratory system developed in Rwandan context are used in GUI. The ordinary differential equations (ODE’s) govern a mathematical model in designing GUI in Matlab and a window that sets model estimated parameters and the measured parameters by any user. For healthy subject, these measured parameters include heart rate, systolic blood and diastolic blood pressure, partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood, partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood, concentration of bound and dissolved oxygen in the mixed venous blood entering the lungs, and concentration of bound and dissolved carbon dioxide in the mixed venous blood entering the lungs. The results of numerical test give a consistent appearance as empirically known results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Graphic%20User%20Interface" title="Graphic User Interface">Graphic User Interface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20model" title=" mathematical model"> mathematical model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiovascur-respiratory%20system" title=" cardiovascur-respiratory system"> cardiovascur-respiratory system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=walking%20physical%20activity" title=" walking physical activity"> walking physical activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blood%20pressure" title=" blood pressure"> blood pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen" title=" oxygen"> oxygen</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135902/gui-design-of-mathematical-model-of-cardiovascular-respiratory-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/135902.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">118</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6482</span> Benefits of High Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HiPIMS) Method for Preparation of Transparent Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide (IGZO) Thin Films</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pavel%20Baroch">Pavel Baroch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiri%20Rezek"> Jiri Rezek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michal%20Prochazka"> Michal Prochazka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomas%20Kozak"> Tomas Kozak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiri%20Houska"> Jiri Houska</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Transparent semiconducting amorphous IGZO films have attracted great attention due to their excellent electrical properties and possible utilization in thin film transistors or in photovoltaic applications as they show 20-50 times higher mobility than that of amorphous silicon. It is also known that the properties of IGZO films are highly sensitive to process parameters, especially to oxygen partial pressure. In this study we have focused on the comparison of properties of transparent semiconducting amorphous indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) thin films prepared by conventional sputtering methods and those prepared by high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) method. Furthermore we tried to optimize electrical and optical properties of the IGZO thin films and to investigate possibility to apply these coatings on thermally sensitive flexible substrates. We employed dc, pulsed dc, mid frequency sine wave and HiPIMS power supplies for magnetron deposition. Magnetrons were equipped with sintered ceramic InGaZnO targets. As oxygen vacancies are considered to be the main source of the carriers in IGZO films, it is expected that with the increase of oxygen partial pressure number of oxygen vacancies decreases which results in the increase of film resistivity. Therefore in all experiments we focused on the effect of oxygen partial pressure, discharge power and pulsed power mode on the electrical, optical and mechanical properties of IGZO thin films and also on the thermal load deposited to the substrate. As expected, we have observed a very fast transition between low- and high-resistivity films depending on oxygen partial pressure when deposition using conventional sputtering methods/power supplies have been utilized. Therefore we established and utilized HiPIMS sputtering system for enlargement of operation window for better control of IGZO thin film properties. It is shown that with this system we are able to effectively eliminate steep transition between low and high resistivity films exhibited by DC mode of sputtering and the electrical resistivity can be effectively controlled in the wide resistivity range of 10-² to 10⁵ Ω.cm. The highest mobility of charge carriers (up to 50 cm2/V.s) was obtained at very low oxygen partial pressures. Utilization of HiPIMS also led to significant decrease in thermal load deposited to the substrate which is beneficial for deposition on the thermally sensitive and flexible polymer substrates. Deposition rate as a function of discharge power and oxygen partial pressure was also systematically investigated and the results from optical, electrical and structure analysis will be discussed in detail. Most important result which we have obtained demonstrates almost linear control of IGZO thin films resistivity with increasing of oxygen partial pressure utilizing HiPIMS mode of sputtering and highly transparent films with low resistivity were prepared already at low pO2. It was also found that utilization of HiPIMS technique resulted in significant improvement of surface smoothness in reactive mode of sputtering (with increasing of oxygen partial pressure). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charge%20carrier%20mobility" title="charge carrier mobility">charge carrier mobility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HiPIMS" title=" HiPIMS"> HiPIMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IGZO" title=" IGZO"> IGZO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resistivity" title=" resistivity"> resistivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65431/benefits-of-high-power-impulse-magnetron-sputtering-hipims-method-for-preparation-of-transparent-indium-gallium-zinc-oxide-igzo-thin-films" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65431.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6481</span> A Study of the Growth of Single-Phase Mg0.5Zn0.5O Films for UV LED</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hong%20Seung%20Kim">Hong Seung Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chang%20Hoi%20Kim"> Chang Hoi Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lili%20Yue"> Lili Yue</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Single-phase, high band gap energy Zn0.5Mg0.5O films were grown under oxygen pressure, using pulse laser deposition with a Zn0.5Mg0.5O target. Structural characterization studies revealed that the crystal structures of the ZnX-1MgXO films could be controlled via changes in the oxygen pressure. TEM analysis showed that the thickness of the deposited Zn1-xMgxO thin films was 50–75 nm. As the oxygen pressure increased, we found that one axis of the crystals did not show a very significant increase in the crystallization compared with that observed at low oxygen pressure. The X-ray diffraction peak intensity for the hexagonal-ZnMgO (002) plane increased relative to that for the cubic-ZnMgO (111) plane. The corresponding c-axis of the h-ZnMgO lattice constant increased from 5.141 to 5.148 Å, and the a-axis of the c-ZnMgO lattice constant decreased from 4.255 to 4.250 Å. EDX analysis showed that the Mg content in the mixed-phase ZnMgO films decreased significantly, from 54.25 to 46.96 at.%. As the oxygen pressure was increased from 100 to 150 mTorr, the absorption edge red-shifted from 3.96 to 3.81 eV; however, a film grown at the highest oxygen pressure tested here (200 mTorr). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MgO" title="MgO">MgO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UV%20LED" title=" UV LED"> UV LED</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZnMgO" title=" ZnMgO"> ZnMgO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZnO" title=" ZnO"> ZnO</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6244/a-study-of-the-growth-of-single-phase-mg05zn05o-films-for-uv-led" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6244.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">403</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6480</span> Effect of Gas-Diffusion Oxynitriding on Microstructure and Hardness of Ti-6Al-4V Alloys</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong%20Bok%20Lee">Dong Bok Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min%20Jung%20Kim"> Min Jung Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The commercially available titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V, was oxynitrided in the deoxygenated nitrogen gas at high temperatures followed by cooling in oxygen-containing nitrogen in order to analyze the influence of oxynitriding parameters on the phase modification, hardness, and the microstructural evolution of the oxynitrided coating. The surface microhardness of the oxynitrided alloy increased due to the strengthening effect of the formed titanium oxynitrides, TiN<sub>x</sub>O<sub>y</sub>. The maximum microhardness was obtained, when TiN<sub>x</sub>O<sub>y</sub> had near equiatomic composition of nitrogen and oxygen. It could be attained under the optimum oxygen partial pressure and temperature-time condition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=titanium%20alloy" title="titanium alloy">titanium alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxynitriding" title=" oxynitriding"> oxynitriding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20diffusion" title=" gas diffusion"> gas diffusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20treatment" title=" surface treatment"> surface treatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65271/effect-of-gas-diffusion-oxynitriding-on-microstructure-and-hardness-of-ti-6al-4v-alloys" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65271.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">317</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6479</span> Adequacy of Second-Generation Laryngeal Mask Airway during Prolonged Abdominal Surgery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sukhee%20Park">Sukhee Park</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaab%20Soo%20Kim"> Gaab Soo Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the adequacy of second-generation laryngeal mask airway use during prolonged abdominal surgery in respect of ventilation, oxygenation, postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC), and postoperative non-pulmonary complications on living donor kidney transplant (LDKT) surgery. Methods: In total, 257 recipients who underwent LDKT using either laryngeal mask airway-ProSeal (LMA-P) or endotracheal tube (ETT) were retrospectively analyzed. Arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2 and ratio of arterial partial pressure of oxygen to fractional inspired oxygen (PFR) during surgery were compared between two groups. In addition, PPC including pulmonary aspiration and postoperative non-pulmonary complications including nausea, vomiting, hoarseness, vocal cord palsy, delirium, and atrial fibrillation were also compared. Results: PaCO2 and PFR during surgery were not significantly different between the two groups. PPC was also not significantly different between the two groups. Interestingly, the incidence of delirium was significantly lower in the LMA-P group than the ETT group (3.0% vs. 10.3%, P = 0.029). Conclusions: During prolonged abdominal surgery such as LDKT, second-generation laryngeal mask airway offers adequate ventilation and oxygenation and can be considered a suitable alternative to ETT. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laryngeal%20mask%20airway" title="laryngeal mask airway">laryngeal mask airway</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prolonged%20abdominal%20surgery" title=" prolonged abdominal surgery"> prolonged abdominal surgery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kidney%20transplantation" title=" kidney transplantation"> kidney transplantation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=postoperative%20pulmonary%20complication" title=" postoperative pulmonary complication"> postoperative pulmonary complication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100086/adequacy-of-second-generation-laryngeal-mask-airway-during-prolonged-abdominal-surgery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100086.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">148</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6478</span> Thermomechanical Simulation of Equipment Subjected to an Oxygen Pressure and Heated Locally by the Ignition of Small Particles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khaled%20Ayfi">Khaled Ayfi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In industrial oxygen systems at high temperature and high pressure, contamination by solid particles is one of the principal causes of ignition hazards. Indeed, gas can sweep away particles, generated by corrosion inside the pipes or during maintenance operations (welding residues, careless disassembly, etc.) and produce accumulations at places where the gas velocity decrease. Moreover, in such an environment rich in oxygen (oxidant), particles are highly reactive and can ignite system walls more actively and at higher temperatures. Oxidation based thermal effects are responsible for mechanical properties lost, leading to the destruction of the pressure equipment wall. To deal with this problem, a numerical analysis is done regarding a sample representative of a wall subjected to pressure and temperature. The validation and analysis are done comparing the numerical simulations results to experimental measurements. More precisely, in this work, we propose a numerical model that describes the thermomechanical behavior of thin metal disks under pressure and subjected to laser heating. This model takes into account the geometric and material nonlinearity and has been validated by the comparison of simulation results with experimental measurements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ignition" title="ignition">ignition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen" title=" oxygen"> oxygen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermomechanical%20behavior" title=" thermomechanical behavior"> thermomechanical behavior</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118635/thermomechanical-simulation-of-equipment-subjected-to-an-oxygen-pressure-and-heated-locally-by-the-ignition-of-small-particles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118635.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6477</span> Selective Oxidation of 6Mn-2Si Advanced High Strength Steels during Intercritical Annealing Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maedeh%20Pourmajidian">Maedeh Pourmajidian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joseph%20R.%20McDermid"> Joseph R. McDermid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Advanced High Strength Steels are revolutionizing both the steel and automotive industries due to their high specific strength and ability to absorb energy during crash events. This allows manufacturers to design vehicles with significantly increased fuel efficiency without compromising passenger safety. To maintain the structural integrity of the fabricated parts, they must be protected from corrosion damage through continuous hot-dip galvanizing process, which is challenging due to selective oxidation of Mn and Si on the surface of this AHSSs. The effects of process atmosphere oxygen partial pressure and small additions of Sn on the selective oxidation of a medium-Mn C-6Mn-2Si advanced high strength steel was investigated. Intercritical annealing heat treatments were carried out at 690˚C in an N2-5%H2 process atmosphere under dew points ranging from –50˚C to +5˚C. Surface oxide chemistries, morphologies, and thicknesses were determined at a variety of length scales by several techniques, including SEM, TEM+EELS, and XPS. TEM observations of the sample cross-sections revealed the transition to internal oxidation at the +5˚C dew point. EELS results suggested that the internal oxides network was composed of a multi-layer oxide structure with varying chemistry from oxide core towards the outer part. The combined effect of employing a known surface active element as a function of process atmosphere on the surface structure development and the possible impact on reactive wetting of the steel substrates by the continuous galvanizing zinc bath will be discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3G%20AHSS" title="3G AHSS">3G AHSS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot-dip%20galvanizing" title=" hot-dip galvanizing"> hot-dip galvanizing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen%20partial%20pressure" title=" oxygen partial pressure"> oxygen partial pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selective%20oxidation" title=" selective oxidation"> selective oxidation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58103/selective-oxidation-of-6mn-2si-advanced-high-strength-steels-during-intercritical-annealing-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58103.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">398</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6476</span> Highly Sensitive, Low-Cost Oxygen Gas Sensor Based on ZnO Nanoparticles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xin%20Chang">Xin Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daping%20Chu"> Daping Chu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Oxygen gas sensing technology has progressed since the last century and it has been extensively used in a wide range of applications such as controlling the combustion process by sensing the oxygen level in the exhaust gas of automobiles to ensure the catalytic converter is in a good working condition. Similar sensors are also used in industrial boilers to make the combustion process economic and environmentally friendly. Different gas sensing mechanisms have been developed: ceramic-based potentiometric equilibrium sensors and semiconductor-based sensors by oxygen absorption. In this work, we present a highly sensitive and low-cost oxygen gas sensor based on Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (average particle size of 35nm) dispersion in ethanol. The sensor is able to measure the pressure range from 103 mBar to 10-5 mBar with a sensitivity of more than 102 mA/Bar. The sensor is also erasable with heat. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title="nanoparticles">nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen" title=" oxygen"> oxygen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensor" title=" sensor"> sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZnO" title=" ZnO"> ZnO</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102985/highly-sensitive-low-cost-oxygen-gas-sensor-based-on-zno-nanoparticles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102985.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6475</span> Measuring Oxygen Transfer Coefficients in Multiphase Bioprocesses: The Challenges and the Solution</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20G.%20Hollis">Peter G. Hollis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kim%20G.%20Clarke"> Kim G. Clarke</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Accurate quantification of the overall volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (KLa) is ubiquitously measured in bioprocesses by analysing the response of dissolved oxygen (DO) to a step change in the oxygen partial pressure in the sparge gas using a DO probe. Typically, the response lag (τ) of the probe has been ignored in the calculation of KLa when τ is less than the reciprocal KLa, failing which a constant τ has invariably been assumed. These conventions have now been reassessed in the context of multiphase bioprocesses, such as a hydrocarbon-based system. Here, significant variation of τ in response to changes in process conditions has been documented. Experiments were conducted in a 5 L baffled stirred tank bioreactor (New Brunswick) in a simulated hydrocarbon-based bioprocess comprising a C14-20 alkane-aqueous dispersion with suspended non-viable Saccharomyces cerevisiae solids. DO was measured with a polarographic DO probe fitted with a Teflon membrane (Mettler Toledo). The DO concentration response to a step change in the sparge gas oxygen partial pressure was recorded, from which KLa was calculated using a first order model (without incorporation of τ) and a second order model (incorporating τ). τ was determined as the time taken to reach 63.2% of the saturation DO after the probe was transferred from a nitrogen saturated vessel to an oxygen saturated bioreactor and is represented as the inverse of the probe constant (KP). The relative effects of the process parameters on KP were quantified using a central composite design with factor levels typical of hydrocarbon bioprocesses, namely 1-10 g/L yeast, 2-20 vol% alkane and 450-1000 rpm. A response surface was fitted to the empirical data, while ANOVA was used to determine the significance of the effects with a 95% confidence interval. KP varied with changes in the system parameters with the impact of solid loading statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. Increased solid loading reduced KP consistently, an effect which was magnified at high alkane concentrations, with a minimum KP of 0.024 s-1 observed at the highest solids loading of 10 g/L. This KP was 2.8 fold lower that the maximum of 0.0661 s-1 recorded at 1 g/L solids, demonstrating a substantial increase in τ from 15.1 s to 41.6 s as a result of differing process conditions. Importantly, exclusion of KP in the calculation of KLa was shown to under-predict KLa for all process conditions, with an error up to 50% at the highest KLa values. Accurate quantification of KLa, and therefore KP, has far-reaching impact on industrial bioprocesses to ensure these systems are not transport limited during scale-up and operation. This study has shown the incorporation of τ to be essential to ensure KLa measurement accuracy in multiphase bioprocesses. Moreover, since τ has been conclusively shown to vary significantly with process conditions, it has also been shown that it is essential for τ to be determined individually for each set of process conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effect%20of%20process%20conditions" title="effect of process conditions">effect of process conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=measuring%20oxygen%20transfer%20coefficients" title=" measuring oxygen transfer coefficients"> measuring oxygen transfer coefficients</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiphase%20bioprocesses" title=" multiphase bioprocesses"> multiphase bioprocesses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen%20probe%20response%20lag" title=" oxygen probe response lag"> oxygen probe response lag</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57297/measuring-oxygen-transfer-coefficients-in-multiphase-bioprocesses-the-challenges-and-the-solution" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57297.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">266</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6474</span> LaMn₁₋ₓNiₓO₃ Perovskites as Oxygen Carriers for Chemical Looping Partial Oxidation of Methane</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xianglei%20Yin">Xianglei Yin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shen%20Wang"> Shen Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baoyi%20Wang"> Baoyi Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laihong%20Shen"> Laihong Shen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chemical looping partial oxidation of methane (CLPOM) is a novel technology to produce high-quality syngas with an auto-thermic process and low equipment investment. The development of oxygen carriers is important for the improvement of the CLPOM performance. In this work, the effect of the nickel-substitution proportion on the performance of LaMn₁₋ᵧNiᵧO₃₊δ perovskites for CLPOM was studied in the aspect of reactivity, syngas selectivity, resistance towards carbon deposition and thermal stability in cyclic redox process. The LaMn₁₋ₓNiₓO₃ perovskite oxides with x = 0, 0.1, 0.2 were prepared by the sol-gel method. The performance of LaMn₁₋ᵧNiᵧO₃₊δ perovskites for CLPOM was investigated through the characterization of XRD, H₂-TPR, XPS, and fixed-bed experiments. The characterization and test results suggest that the doping of nickel enhances the generation rate of syngas, leading to high syngas yield, methane conversion, and syngas selectivity. This is attributed to the that the introduction of nickel provides active sites to promote the methane activation on the surface and causes the addition of oxygen vacancies to accelerate the migration of oxygen anion in the bulk of oxygen carrier particles. On the other hand, the introduction of nickel causes carbon deposition to occur earlier. The best substitution proportion of nickel is y=0.1 and LaMn₀.₉Ni₀.₁O₃₊δ could produce high-quality syngas with a yield of 3.54 mmol·g⁻¹, methane conversion of 80.7%, and CO selectivity of 84.8% at 850℃. In addition, the LaMn₀.₉Ni₀.₁O₃₊δ oxygen carrier exhibits superior and stable performance in the cyclic redox process. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20looping%20partial%20oxidation%20of%20methane" title="chemical looping partial oxidation of methane">chemical looping partial oxidation of methane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LaMnO%E2%82%83%E2%82%8A%CE%B4" title=" LaMnO₃₊δ"> LaMnO₃₊δ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ni%20doping" title=" Ni doping"> Ni doping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=syngas" title=" syngas"> syngas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20deposition" title=" carbon deposition"> carbon deposition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139934/lamn1nio3-perovskites-as-oxygen-carriers-for-chemical-looping-partial-oxidation-of-methane" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139934.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">97</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6473</span> Mathematical Modelling of Human Cardiovascular-Respiratory System Response to Exercise in Rwanda</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jean%20Marie%20Ntaganda">Jean Marie Ntaganda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Froduald%20Minani"> Froduald Minani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wellars%20Banzi"> Wellars Banzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lydie%20Mpinganzima"> Lydie Mpinganzima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Japhet%20Niyobuhungiro"> Japhet Niyobuhungiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jean%20Bosco%20Gahutu"> Jean Bosco Gahutu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vincent%20Dusabejambo"> Vincent Dusabejambo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Immaculate%20Kambutse"> Immaculate Kambutse</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we present a nonlinear dynamic model for the interactive mechanism of the cardiovascular and respiratory system. The model is designed and analyzed for human during physical exercises. In order to verify the adequacy of the designed model, data collected in Rwanda are used for validation. We have simulated the impact of heart rate and alveolar ventilation as controls of cardiovascular and respiratory system respectively to steady state response of the main cardiovascular hemodynamic quantities i.e., systemic arterial and venous blood pressures, arterial oxygen partial pressure and arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure, to the stabilised values of controls. We used data collected in Rwanda for both male and female during physical activities. We obtained a good agreement with physiological data in the literature. The model may represent an important tool to improve the understanding of exercise physiology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exercise" title="exercise">exercise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiovascular%2Frespiratory" title=" cardiovascular/respiratory"> cardiovascular/respiratory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hemodynamic%20quantities" title=" hemodynamic quantities"> hemodynamic quantities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20activity" title=" physical activity"> physical activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sportsmen%20in%20Rwanda" title=" sportsmen in Rwanda"> sportsmen in Rwanda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system" title=" system"> system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92998/mathematical-modelling-of-human-cardiovascular-respiratory-system-response-to-exercise-in-rwanda" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92998.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6472</span> Role of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Management of Diabetic Foot</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magdy%20Al%20Shourbagi">Magdy Al Shourbagi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Diabetes mellitus is the commonest cause of neuropathy. The common pattern is a distal symmetrical sensory polyneuropathy, associated with autonomic disturbances. Less often, Diabetes mellitus is responsible for a focal or multifocal neuropathy. Common causes for non-healing of diabetic foot are the infection and ischemia. Diabetes mellitus is associated with a defective cellular and humoral immunity. Particularly, decreased phagocytosis, decreased chemotaxis, impaired bacterial killing and abnormal lymphocytic function resulting in a reduced inflammatory reaction and defective wound healing. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is defined by the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society as a treatment in which a patient intermittently breathes 100% oxygen and the treatment chamber is pressurized to a pressure greater than sea level (1 atmosphere absolute). The pressure increase may be applied in mono-place (single person) or multi-place chambers. Multi-place chambers are pressurized with air, with oxygen given via face mask or endotracheal tube; while mono-place chambers are pressurized with oxygen. Oxygen gas plays an important role in the physiology of wound healing. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy can raise tissue oxygen tensions to levels where wound healing can be expected. HBOT increases the killing ability of leucocytes also it is lethal for certain anaerobic bacteria and inhibits toxin formation in many other anaerobes. Multiple anecdotal reports and studies in HBO therapy in diabetic patients report that HBO can be an effective adjunct therapy in the management of diabetic foot wounds and is associated with better functional outcomes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyperbari%20oxygen%20therapy" title="hyperbari oxygen therapy">hyperbari oxygen therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetic%20foot" title=" diabetic foot"> diabetic foot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuropathy" title=" neuropathy"> neuropathy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiplace%20chambers" title=" multiplace chambers"> multiplace chambers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52781/role-of-hyperbaric-oxygen-therapy-in-management-of-diabetic-foot" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52781.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6471</span> Simulations of Cryogenic Cavitation of Low Temperature Fluids with Thermodynamics Effects</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Alhelfi">A. Alhelfi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Sunden"> B. Sunden</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cavitation in cryogenic liquids is widely present in contemporary science. In the current study, we re-examine a previously validated acoustic cavitation model which was developed for a gas bubble in liquid water. Furthermore, simulations of cryogenic fluids including the thermal effect, the effect of acoustic pressure amplitude and the frequency of sound field on the bubble dynamics are presented. A gas bubble (Helium) in liquids Nitrogen, Oxygen and Hydrogen in an acoustic field at ambient pressure and low temperature is investigated numerically. The results reveal that the oscillation of the bubble in liquid Hydrogen fluctuates more than in liquids Oxygen and Nitrogen. The oscillation of the bubble in liquids Oxygen and Nitrogen is approximately similar. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cryogenic%20liquids" title="cryogenic liquids">cryogenic liquids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cavitation" title=" cavitation"> cavitation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rocket%20engineering" title=" rocket engineering"> rocket engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasound" title=" ultrasound"> ultrasound</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20592/simulations-of-cryogenic-cavitation-of-low-temperature-fluids-with-thermodynamics-effects" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20592.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">322</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6470</span> Outstanding Lubricant Using Fluorographene as an Extreme Pressure Additive</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adriana%20Hernandez-Martinez">Adriana Hernandez-Martinez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edgar%20D.%20Ramon-Raygoza"> Edgar D. Ramon-Raygoza</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Currently, there has been a great interest, during the last years, on graphene due to its lubricant properties on friction and antiwear processes. Likewise, fluorographene has also been gaining renown due to its excellent chemical and physical properties which have been mostly applied in the electronics industry. Nevertheless, its tribological properties haven’t been analyzed thoroughly. In this paper, fluorographene was examined as an extreme pressure additive and the nano lubricant made with a cutting fluid and fluorographene in the range of 0.01-0.5% wt, which proved to withstand 53.78% more pounds than the conventional product and 7.12% more than the nano lubricant with graphene in a range between 0.01-0.5% wt. Said extreme pressure test was carried out with a Pin and Vee Block Tribometer following an ASTM D3233A test. The fluorographene used has a low C/F ratio, which reflects a greater presence of atomic fluorine and its low oxygen percentage, supports the substitution of oxygen-containing groups by fluorine. XPS Spectra shows high atomic fluorine content of 56.12%, and SEM analysis details the formation of long and clear crystalline structures, in the fluorographene used. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extreme%20pressure%20additive" title="extreme pressure additive">extreme pressure additive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluorographene" title=" fluorographene"> fluorographene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofluids" title=" nanofluids"> nanofluids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanolubricant" title=" nanolubricant"> nanolubricant</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105687/outstanding-lubricant-using-fluorographene-as-an-extreme-pressure-additive" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105687.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">124</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6469</span> Acute Effect of Street Dance Exercise on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, Oxygen Saturation and Physical Fitness in Sedentary Subjects: A Pilot Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taweesak%20%20Janyacharoen">Taweesak Janyacharoen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lalita%20Pradubgool"> Lalita Pradubgool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lalita%20Wongsorn"> Lalita Wongsorn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pitchayapa%20%20Janyacharoen"> Pitchayapa Janyacharoen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Street dance is a form of exercise that is classified as aerobic and is very suitable for teenagers. Street dance is a dance that can create new dance moves all the time. It often incorporates elements from gymnastics and is accompanied by fast-paced music that emphasizes excitement and energy. It is a combination of high-intensity and low-intensity activities. Few studies have looked at the effects of street dance on cardiovascular endurance, and previous studies have long-term effects. However, no research study in Thailand has studied acute effects before. This study was to investigate the acute effect of street dance exercise on blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation and physical fitness in sedentary subjects. Subjects were divided into 2 groups: the control group (n=15) received health education and rest, and the experimental group (n=15) received street dance exercise. Both groups will measure their blood pressure (BP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), oxygen saturation (SpO₂) and six-minute walk test (6MWT) before and after completing the program. The results found that both groups had significantly different HR when comparing before and after the program (p<0.05). MAP, HR and SpO₂ had significantly different (p<0.05) when compared between groups. This study concluded that the acute effect of street dance exercise could be increased in HR while the SpO₂ decreased. In clinical, it was seen that the values that were changed are still within the range that is considered normal. Therefore, street dance exercises can be used as one choice of alternative exercise. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=street%20dance" title="street dance">street dance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exercise" title=" exercise"> exercise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blood%20pressure" title=" blood pressure"> blood pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heart%20rate" title=" heart rate"> heart rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen%20saturation" title=" oxygen saturation"> oxygen saturation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187076/acute-effect-of-street-dance-exercise-on-blood-pressure-heart-rate-oxygen-saturation-and-physical-fitness-in-sedentary-subjects-a-pilot-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187076.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">38</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6468</span> Mid-Temperature Methane-Based Chemical Looping Reforming for Hydrogen Production via Iron-Based Oxygen Carrier Particles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Li">Yang Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mingkai%20Liu"> Mingkai Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qiong%20Rao"> Qiong Rao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhongrui%20Gai"> Zhongrui Gai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying%20Pan"> Ying Pan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hongguang%20Jin"> Hongguang Jin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hydrogen is an ideal and potential energy carrier due to its high energy efficiency and low pollution. An alternative and promising approach to hydrogen generation is the chemical looping steam reforming of methane (CL-SRM) over iron-based oxygen carriers. However, the process faces challenges such as high reaction temperature (>850 ℃) and low methane conversion. We demonstrate that Ni-mixed Fe-based oxygen carrier particles have significantly improved the methane conversion and hydrogen production rate in the range of 450-600 ℃ under atmospheric pressure. The effect on the reaction reactivity of oxygen carrier particles mixed with different Ni-based particle mass ratios has been determined in the continuous unit. More than 85% of methane conversion has been achieved at 600 ℃, and hydrogen can be produced in both reduction and oxidation steps. Moreover, the iron-based oxygen carrier particles exhibited good cyclic performance during 150 consecutive redox cycles at 600 ℃. The mid-temperature iron-based oxygen carrier particles, integrated with a moving-bed chemical looping system, might provide a powerful approach toward more efficient and scalable hydrogen production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20looping" title="chemical looping">chemical looping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20production" title=" hydrogen production"> hydrogen production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mid-temperature" title=" mid-temperature"> mid-temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen%20carrier%20particles" title=" oxygen carrier particles"> oxygen carrier particles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162319/mid-temperature-methane-based-chemical-looping-reforming-for-hydrogen-production-via-iron-based-oxygen-carrier-particles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162319.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6467</span> Influence of La0.1Sr0.9Co1-xFexO3-δ Catalysts on Oxygen Permeation Using Mixed Conductor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Muto">Y. Muto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Araki"> S. Araki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Yamamoto"> H. Yamamoto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The separation of oxygen is one key technology to improve the efficiency and to reduce the cost for the processed of the partial oxidation of the methane and the condensation of the carbon dioxide. Particularly, carbon dioxide at high concentration would be obtained by the combustion using pure oxygen separated from air. However, the oxygen separation process occupied the large part of energy consumption. Therefore, it is considered that the membrane technologies enable to separation at lower cost and lower energy consumption than conventional methods. In this study, it is examined that the separation of oxygen using membranes of mixed conductors. Oxygen permeation through the membrane is occurred by the following three processes. At first, the oxygen molecules dissociate into oxygen ion at feed side of the membrane, subsequently, oxygen ions diffuse in the membrane. Finally, oxygen ions recombine to form the oxygen molecule. Therefore, it is expected that the membrane of thickness and material, or catalysts of the dissociation and recombination affect the membrane performance. However, there is little article about catalysts for the dissociation and recombination. We confirmed the performance of La0.6Sr0.4Co1.0O3-δ (LSC) based catalyst which was commonly used as the dissociation and recombination. It is known that the adsorbed amount of oxygen increase with the increase of doped Fe content in B site of LSC. We prepared the catalysts of La0.1Sr0.9Co0.9Fe0.1O3-δ(C9F1), La0.1Sr0.9Co0.5Fe0.5O3-δ(C5F5) and La0.1Sr0.9Co0.3Fe0.7O3-δ(C7F3). Also, we used Pr2NiO4 type mixed conductor as a membrane material. (Pr0.9La0.1)2(Ni0.74Cu0.21Ga0.05)O4+δ(PLNCG) shows the high oxygen permeability and the stability against carbon dioxide. Oxygen permeation experiments were carried out using a homemade apparatus at 850 -975 °C. The membrane was sealed with Pyrex glass at both end of the outside dense alumina tubes. To measure the oxygen permeation rate, air was fed to the film side at 50 ml min-1, helium as the sweep gas and reference gas was fed at 20 ml min-1. The flow rates of the sweep gas and the gas permeated through the membrane were measured using flow meter and the gas concentrations were determined using a gas chromatograph. Then, the permeance of the oxygen was determined using the flow rate and the concentration of the gas on the permeate side of the membrane. The increase of oxygen permeation was observed with increasing temperature. It is considered that this is due to the catalytic activities are increased with increasing temperature. Another reason is the increase of oxygen diffusivity in the bulk of membrane. The oxygen permeation rate is improved by using catalyst of LSC or LSCF. The oxygen permeation rate of membrane with LSCF showed higher than that of membrane with LSC. Furthermore, in LSCF catalysts, oxygen permeation rate increased with the increase of the doped amount of Fe. It is considered that this is caused by the increased of adsorbed amount of oxygen. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane%20separation" title="membrane separation">membrane separation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen%20permeation" title=" oxygen permeation"> oxygen permeation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K2NiF4-type%20structure" title=" K2NiF4-type structure"> K2NiF4-type structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20conductor" title=" mixed conductor"> mixed conductor</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35526/influence-of-la01sr09co1-xfexo3-d-catalysts-on-oxygen-permeation-using-mixed-conductor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35526.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">519</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6466</span> Volumetric Properties of Binary Mixtures of Glycerol +1-Butanol or +2-Butanol at Several Temperatures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Chabouni">Y. Chabouni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Amireche"> F. Amireche</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Densities of glycerol + 1-butanol or 2-butanol mixtures were measured over the temperature range 293.15 to 303.15 K at atmospheric pressure, over the entire composition range, with a vibrating tube densimeter. Excess molar volumes, apparent and partial molar volumes of glycerol and butanol, thermal isobaric expansivities of the mixture and partial molar expansivities of the components were calculated. The excess molar volumes of the mixtures are negative at all temperatures, and deviations from ideality increase with increasing temperature. Excess molar volumes were fitted to the Redlich–Kister equation. Partial molar volumes of glycerol decrease with increasing butanol concentration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=1-Butanol" title="1-Butanol">1-Butanol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2-Butanol" title=" 2-Butanol"> 2-Butanol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=density" title=" density"> density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=excess%20molar%20volume" title=" excess molar volume"> excess molar volume</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glycerol" title=" glycerol"> glycerol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partial%20molar%20property" title=" partial molar property"> partial molar property</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20isobaric%20expansivities" title=" thermal isobaric expansivities"> thermal isobaric expansivities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80077/volumetric-properties-of-binary-mixtures-of-glycerol-1-butanol-or-2-butanol-at-several-temperatures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80077.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">190</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6465</span> Experimental Study - Inorganic Membranes for Air Separation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adesola%20O.%20Orimoloye">Adesola O. Orimoloye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20N.%20Kajama"> Mohammed N. Kajama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edward%20Gobina"> Edward Gobina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Gas permeation of Oxygen [O2] and Nitrogen [N2] were investigated at room temperature using 15 and 6000nm pore diameter tubular commercial alumina ceramic membranes with pressure values ranging 1.00 to 2.50 bar. The flow rates of up to 2.59 and 2.77 l/min were achieved for O2 and N2 respectively. The ratio of O2/N2 flow rates were used to compute the O2/N2 selectivity. The experimental O2/N2 selectivity obtained for 15 nm was 1.05 while the 6000 nm indicated 0.95. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20separation" title="gas separation">gas separation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nitrogen" title=" nitrogen"> nitrogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen" title=" oxygen"> oxygen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selectivity" title=" selectivity"> selectivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26529/experimental-study-inorganic-membranes-for-air-separation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26529.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">360</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6464</span> Oxygen Transport in Blood Flows Pasts Staggered Fiber Arrays: A Computational Fluid Dynamics Study of an Oxygenator in Artificial Lung</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Chen%20Hsu">Yu-Chen Hsu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuang%20C.%20Lin"> Kuang C. Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The artificial lung called extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an important medical machine that supports persons whose heart and lungs dysfunction. Previously, investigation of steady deoxygenated blood flows passing through hollow fibers for oxygen transport was carried out experimentally and computationally. The present study computationally analyzes the effect of biological pulsatile flow on the oxygen transport in blood. A 2-D model with a pulsatile flow condition is employed. The power law model is used to describe the non-Newtonian flow and the Hill equation is utilized to simulate the oxygen saturation of hemoglobin. The dimensionless parameters for the physical model include Reynolds numbers (Re), Womersley parameters (α), pulsation amplitudes (A), Sherwood number (Sh) and Schmidt number (Sc). The present model with steady-state flow conditions is well validated against previous experiment and simulations. It is observed that pulsating flow amplitudes significantly influence the velocity profile, pressure of oxygen (PO2), saturation of oxygen (SO2) and the oxygen mass transfer rates (m ̇_O2). In comparison between steady-state and pulsating flows, our findings suggest that the consideration of pulsating flow in the computational model is needed when Re is raised from 2 to 10 in a typical range for flow in artificial lung. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20lung" title="artificial lung">artificial lung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen%20transport" title=" oxygen transport"> oxygen transport</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-Newtonian%20flows" title=" non-Newtonian flows"> non-Newtonian flows</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulsating%20flows" title=" pulsating flows"> pulsating flows</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46560/oxygen-transport-in-blood-flows-pasts-staggered-fiber-arrays-a-computational-fluid-dynamics-study-of-an-oxygenator-in-artificial-lung" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46560.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">311</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6463</span> Enhanced Cell Adhesion on PMMA by Radio Frequency Oxygen Plasma Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatemeh%20Rezaei">Fatemeh Rezaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Babak%20Shokri"> Babak Shokri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, PMMA films are modified by oxygen plasma treatment for biomedical applications. The plasma generator is capacitively coupled radio frequency (13.56 MHz) power source. The oxygen pressure and gas flow rate are kept constant at 40 mTorr and 30 sccm, respectively and samples are treated for 2 minutes. Hydrophilicity and biocompatibility of PMMA films are studied before and after treatments in different applied powers (10-80 W). In order to monitor the plasma process, the optical emission spectroscopy is used. The wettability and cellular response of samples are investigated by water contact angle (WCA) analysis and MTT assay, respectively. Also, surface free energy (SFE) variations are studied based on the contact angle measurements of three liquids. It is found that RF oxygen plasma treatment enhances the biocompatibility and also hydrophilicity of PMMA films. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellular%20response" title="cellular response">cellular response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophilicity" title=" hydrophilicity"> hydrophilicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MTT%20assay" title=" MTT assay"> MTT assay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PMMA" title=" PMMA"> PMMA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RF%20plasma" title=" RF plasma"> RF plasma</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14636/enhanced-cell-adhesion-on-pmma-by-radio-frequency-oxygen-plasma-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14636.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">671</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6462</span> Smart Oxygen Deprivation Mask: An Improved Design with Biometric Feedback</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kevin%20V.%20Bui">Kevin V. Bui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richard%20A.%20Claytor"> Richard A. Claytor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elizabeth%20M.%20Priolo"> Elizabeth M. Priolo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weihui%20Li"> Weihui Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Oxygen deprivation masks operate through the use of restricting valves as a means to reduce respiratory flow where flow is inversely proportional to the resistance applied. This produces the same effect as higher altitudes where lower pressure leads to reduced respiratory flow. Both increased resistance with restricting valves and reduce the pressure of higher altitudes make breathing difficultier and force breathing muscles (diaphragm and intercostal muscles) working harder. The process exercises these muscles, improves their strength and results in overall better breathing efficiency. Currently, these oxygen deprivation masks are purely mechanical devices without any electronic sensor to monitor the breathing condition, thus not be able to provide feedback on the breathing effort nor to evaluate the lung function. That is part of the reason that these masks are mainly used for high-level athletes to mimic training in higher altitude conditions, not suitable for patients or customers. The design aims to improve the current method of oxygen deprivation mask to include a larger scope of patients and customers while providing quantitative biometric data that the current design lacks. This will be accomplished by integrating sensors into the mask’s breathing valves along with data acquisition and Bluetooth modules for signal processing and transmission. Early stages of the sensor mask will measure breathing rate as a function of changing the air pressure in the mask, with later iterations providing feedback on flow rate. Data regarding breathing rate will be prudent in determining whether training or therapy is improving breathing function and quantify this improvement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen%20deprivation%20mask" title="oxygen deprivation mask">oxygen deprivation mask</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lung%20function" title=" lung function"> lung function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spirometer" title=" spirometer"> spirometer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bluetooth" title=" Bluetooth"> Bluetooth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69291/smart-oxygen-deprivation-mask-an-improved-design-with-biometric-feedback" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69291.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">218</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6461</span> Modeling and Analysis the Effects of Temperature and Pressure on the Gas-Crossover in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Electrolyzer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Hadi%20Bin%20Abdol%20Rahim">Abdul Hadi Bin Abdol Rahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alhassan%20Salami%20Tijani"> Alhassan Salami Tijani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hydrogen produced by means of polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzer (PEME) is one of the most promising methods due to clean and renewable energy source. In the process, some energy loss due to mass transfer through a PEM is caused by diffusion, electro-osmotic drag, and the pressure difference between the cathode channel and anode channel. In PEME water molecules and ionic particles transferred between the electrodes from anode to cathode, Extensive mixing of the hydrogen and oxygen at anode channel due to gases cross-over must be avoided. In recent times the consciousness of safety issue in high pressure PEME where the oxygen mix with hydrogen at anode channel could create, explosive conditions have generated a lot of concern. In this paper, the steady state and simulation analysis of gases crossover in PEME on the temperature and pressure effect are presented. The simulations have been analysis in MATLAB based on the well-known Fick’s Law of molecular diffusion. The simulation results indicated that as temperature increases, there is a significant decrease in operating voltage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diffusion" title="diffusion">diffusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gases%20crosover" title=" gases crosover"> gases crosover</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steady%20state" title=" steady state"> steady state</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fick%E2%80%99s%20law" title=" Fick’s law"> Fick’s law</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40292/modeling-and-analysis-the-effects-of-temperature-and-pressure-on-the-gas-crossover-in-polymer-electrolyte-membrane-electrolyzer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40292.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">330</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6460</span> Flame Spread along Fuel Cylinders in High Pressures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yanli%20Zhao">Yanli Zhao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jian%20Chen"> Jian Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shouxiang%20Lu"> Shouxiang Lu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Flame spread over solid fuels in high pressure situations such as nuclear containment shells and hyperbaric oxygen chamber has potential to result in catastrophic disaster, thus requiring best knowledge. This paper reveals experimentally the flame spread behaviors over fuel cylinders in high pressures. The fuel used in this study is polyethylene and polymethyl methacrylate cylinders with 4mm diameter. Ambient gas is fixed as air and total pressures are varied from naturally normal pressure (100kPa) to elevated pressure (400kPa). Flame appearance, burning rate and flame spread were investigated experimentally and theoretically. Results show that high pressure significantly affects the flame appearance, which is as the pressure increases, flame color changes from luminous yellow to orange and the orange part extends down towards the base of flame. Besides, the average flame width and height, and the burning rate are proved to increase with increasing pressure. What is more, flame spread rates become higher as pressure increases due to the enhancement of heat transfer from flame to solid surface in elevated pressure by performing a simplified heat balance analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cylinder%20fuel" title="cylinder fuel">cylinder fuel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flame%20spread" title=" flame spread"> flame spread</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20pressure" title=" high pressure"> high pressure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74731/flame-spread-along-fuel-cylinders-in-high-pressures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74731.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6459</span> Effect of Copper Particle on the PD Characteristics in a Coaxial Duct with Mixture of SF6 (10%) and N2 (90%) Gases</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Rajesh%20Kamath">B. Rajesh Kamath</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Sundara%20Rajan"> J. Sundara Rajan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20K.%20Veeraiah"> M. K. Veeraiah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Z.%20Kurian"> M. Z. Kurian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Insulation performance of a gas insulated system is severely affected by particle contaminants. These metallic particles adversely affect the characteristics of insulating system. These particles can produce surface charges due to partial discharge activities. These particles which are free to move enhance the local electric fields. This paper deals with the influence of conducting particle placed in a co-axial duct on the discharge characteristics of gas mixtures. Co-axial duct placed in a high pressure chamber is used for the purpose. A gas pressure of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 MPa have been considered with a 10:90 SF<sub>6</sub> and N<sub>2</sub> gas mixtures. The 2D and 3D histograms of clean duct and duct with copper particle are discussed in this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coaxial%20duct" title="coaxial duct">coaxial duct</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20insulated%20system" title=" gas insulated system"> gas insulated system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20mixtures" title=" gas mixtures"> gas mixtures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metallic%20particle" title=" metallic particle"> metallic particle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partial%20discharges" title=" partial discharges"> partial discharges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=histograms" title=" histograms"> histograms</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44559/effect-of-copper-particle-on-the-pd-characteristics-in-a-coaxial-duct-with-mixture-of-sf6-10-and-n2-90-gases" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44559.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">400</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6458</span> Effect of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Diaphragmatic Strength Following Coronary Revascularization</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abeer%20Ahmed%20Abdelhamed"> Abeer Ahmed Abdelhamed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) are the most common complications observed and managed after abdominal or cardiothoracic surgery. Hypoxemia, atelectasis, pleural effusion, or diaphragmatic dysfunction, are often a source of morbidity in cardiac surgery patients, and are more common in patients receiving unilateral or bilateral internal mammary artery (IMT) grafts than patients receiving saphenous vein (SV) grafts alone. Purpose: The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of Threshold load inspiratory muscle training on pulmonary gas exchange and maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) in patient undergoing coronary revascularization. Subject: Thirty three male patients eligible for coronary revascularization were selected to participate in the study. Method: They were divided into two groups(17 patients in the intervention group and 16 patients in the control group), the interventional group received inspiratory muscle training at 30% of their maximum inspiratory pressure throughout the hospitalization period in addition to routine post operative care. Result: The results of this study showed a significant improvement on maximum inspiratory pressure(MIP), Arterial-alveolar pressure gradient (A-a gradient) and oxygen saturation in the intervention group. Conclusion: Inspiratory muscle training using threshold mode significantly improves maximum inspiratory pressure, pulmonary gas exchange tested by alveolar-arterial gradient and oxygen saturation in Patients undergoing coronary revascularization. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coronary%20revascularization" title="coronary revascularization">coronary revascularization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inspiratory%20muscle%20training" title=" inspiratory muscle training"> inspiratory muscle training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20inspiratory%20pressure" title=" maximum inspiratory pressure"> maximum inspiratory pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulmonary%20gas%20exchange" title=" pulmonary gas exchange"> pulmonary gas exchange</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31159/effect-of-inspiratory-muscle-training-on-diaphragmatic-strength-following-coronary-revascularization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31159.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6457</span> On the Relation between λ-Symmetries and μ-Symmetries of Partial Differential Equations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Teoman%20Ozer">Teoman Ozer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ozlem%20Orhan"> Ozlem Orhan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study deals with symmetry group properties and conservation laws of partial differential equations. We give a geometrical interpretation of notion of μ-prolongations of vector fields and of the related concept of μ-symmetry for partial differential equations. We show that these are in providing symmetry reduction of partial differential equations and systems and invariant solutions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%BB-symmetry" title="λ-symmetry">λ-symmetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%BC-symmetry" title=" μ-symmetry"> μ-symmetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification" title=" classification"> classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=invariant%20solution" title=" invariant solution"> invariant solution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59662/on-the-relation-between-l-symmetries-and-m-symmetries-of-partial-differential-equations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59662.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">319</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6456</span> Experimental and Numerical Study on the Effects of Oxygen Methane Flames with Water Dilution for Different Pressures </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20P.%20Chica%20Cano">J. P. Chica Cano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Cabot"> G. Cabot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20de%20Persis"> S. de Persis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Foucher"> F. Foucher </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Among all possibilities to combat global warming, CO<sub>2</sub> capture and sequestration (CCS) is presented as a great alternative to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. Several strategies for CCS from industrial and power plants are being considered. The concept of combined oxy-fuel combustion has been the most alternative solution. Nevertheless, due to the high cost of pure O<sub>2</sub> production, additional ways recently emerged. In this paper, an innovative combustion process for a gas turbine cycle was studied: it was composed of methane combustion with oxygen enhanced air (OEA), exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and H<sub>2</sub>O issuing from STIG (Steam Injection Gas Turbine), and the CO<sub>2</sub> capture was realized by membrane separator. The effect on this combustion process was emphasized, and it was shown that a study of the influence of H<sub>2</sub>O dilution on the combustion parameters by experimental and numerical approaches had to be carried out. As a consequence, the laminar burning velocities measurements were performed in a stainless steel spherical combustion from atmospheric pressure to high pressure (up to 0.5 MPa), at 473 K for an equivalence ratio at 1. These experimental results were satisfactorily compared with Chemical Workbench v.4.1 package in conjunction with GRIMech 3.0 reaction mechanism. The good correlations so obtained between experimental and calculated flame speed velocities showed the validity of the GRIMech 3.0 mechanism in this domain of combustion: high H<sub>2</sub>O dilution, low N<sub>2</sub>, medium pressure. Finally, good estimations of flame speed and pollutant emissions were determined in other conditions compatible with real gas turbine. In particular, mixtures (composed of CH<sub>4</sub>/O<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>O/ or CO<sub>2</sub>) leading to the same adiabatic temperature were investigated. Influences of oxygen enrichment and H<sub>2</sub>O dilution (compared to CO<sub>2</sub>) were disused. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO%E2%82%82%20capture" title="CO₂ capture">CO₂ capture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen%20enrichment" title=" oxygen enrichment"> oxygen enrichment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20dilution" title=" water dilution"> water dilution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laminar%20burning%20velocity" title=" laminar burning velocity"> laminar burning velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollutants%20emissions" title=" pollutants emissions"> pollutants emissions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83080/experimental-and-numerical-study-on-the-effects-of-oxygen-methane-flames-with-water-dilution-for-different-pressures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83080.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">166</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6455</span> Biophysical Modeling of Anisotropic Brain Tumor Growth</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mutaz%20Dwairy">Mutaz Dwairy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Solid tumors have high interstitial fluid pressure (IFP), high mechanical stress, and low oxygen levels. Solid stresses may induce apoptosis, stimulate the invasiveness and metastasis of cancer cells, and lower their proliferation rate, while oxygen concentration may affect the response of cancer cells to treatment. Although tumors grow in a nonhomogeneous environment, many existing theoretical models assume homogeneous growth and tissue has uniform mechanical properties. For example, the brain consists of three primary materials: white matter, gray matter, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Therefore, tissue inhomogeneity should be considered in the analysis. This study established a physical model based on convection-diffusion equations and continuum mechanics principles. The model considers the geometrical inhomogeneity of the brain by including the three different matters in the analysis: white matter, gray matter, and CSF. The model also considers fluid-solid interaction and explicitly describes the effect of mechanical factors, e.g., solid stresses and IFP, chemical factors, e.g., oxygen concentration, and biological factors, e.g., cancer cell concentration, on growing tumors. In this article, we applied the model on a brain tumor positioned within the white matter, considering the brain inhomogeneity to estimate solid stresses, IFP, the cancer cell concentration, oxygen concentration, and the deformation of the tissues within the neoplasm and the surrounding. Tumor size was estimated at different time points. This model might be clinically crucial for cancer detection and treatment planning by measuring mechanical stresses, IFP, and oxygen levels in the tissue. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomechanical%20model" title="biomechanical model">biomechanical model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interstitial%20fluid%20pressure" title=" interstitial fluid pressure"> interstitial fluid pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20stress" title=" solid stress"> solid stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tumor%20microenvironment" title=" tumor microenvironment"> tumor microenvironment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186318/biophysical-modeling-of-anisotropic-brain-tumor-growth" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186318.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">46</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen%20partial%20pressure&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen%20partial%20pressure&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen%20partial%20pressure&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen%20partial%20pressure&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen%20partial%20pressure&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen%20partial%20pressure&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen%20partial%20pressure&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen%20partial%20pressure&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen%20partial%20pressure&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen%20partial%20pressure&page=216">216</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen%20partial%20pressure&page=217">217</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen%20partial%20pressure&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>