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Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Mountfort" title="Benjamin Mountfort – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Benjamin Mountfort" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="بنجامين مونتفورت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بنجامين مونتفورت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Mountfort" title="Benjamin Mountfort – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Benjamin Mountfort" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Mountfort" title="Benjamin Mountfort – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Benjamin Mountfort" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Mountfort" title="Benjamin Mountfort – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Benjamin Mountfort" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="بنجامین مانتفورت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بنجامین مانتفورت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Mountfort" title="Benjamin Mountfort – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Benjamin Mountfort" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8C%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D" title="ബെഞ്ചമിൻ മൌണ്ട്ഫോർട്ട് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബെഞ്ചമിൻ മൌണ്ട്ഫോർട്ട്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="بنجامين مونتفورت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بنجامين مونتفورت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Mountfort" title="Benjamin Mountfort – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Benjamin Mountfort" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Mountfort" title="Benjamin Mountfort – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Benjamin Mountfort" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82,_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Маунтфорт, Бенджамин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Маунтфорт, Бенджамин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge, featured article badge"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%95" title="เบนจามิน เมานต์ฟอร์ต – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เบนจามิน เมานต์ฟอร์ต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Бенджамін Маунтфорт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бенджамін Маунтфорт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E6%9D%B0%E6%98%8E%C2%B7%E8%8A%92%E7%A6%8F%E7%89%B9" title="本杰明·芒福特 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="本杰明·芒福特" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q202497#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit 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Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">English architect, emigrant to New Zealand (1825–1898)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Benjamin Mountfort</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Benjamin_Mountfort.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Benjamin_Mountfort.png/200px-Benjamin_Mountfort.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Benjamin_Mountfort.png/300px-Benjamin_Mountfort.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Benjamin_Mountfort.png 2x" data-file-width="336" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Mountfort around 1875</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Benjamin Woolfield Mountfort</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1825-03-13</span>)</span>13 March 1825<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">15 March 1898<span style="display:none">(1898-03-15)</span> (aged 73)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a>, New Zealand</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Avonside" title="Holy Trinity Avonside">Holy Trinity Avonside Cemetery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Architect</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1852–1897</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Emily Elizabeth Newman</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">9</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Thomas Mountfort<br />Susannah Mountfort</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Buildings</th><td class="infobox-data note"><a href="#Selected_buildings">Selected buildings</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Benjamin Woolfield Mountfort</b> (13 March 1825 – 15 March 1898) was an English emigrant to New Zealand, where he became one of the country's most prominent 19th-century architects. He was instrumental in shaping the city of <a href="/wiki/Christchurch" title="Christchurch">Christchurch</a>'s unique architectural identity and culture, and was appointed the first official Provincial Architect of the developing province of <a href="/wiki/Canterbury,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Canterbury, New Zealand">Canterbury</a>. Heavily influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Catholicism" title="Anglo-Catholicism">Anglo-Catholic</a> philosophy behind early Victorian architecture, he is credited with importing the <a href="/wiki/Gothic_revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Gothic revival">Gothic revival</a> style to New Zealand. His Gothic designs constructed in both wood and stone in the province are considered unique to New Zealand. Today, he is considered the founding architect of the province of Canterbury. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Mountfort&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mountfort was born on 13 March 1825 in <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, an industrial town in the <a href="/wiki/English_Midlands" class="mw-redirect" title="English Midlands">Midlands</a> of England.<sup id="cite_ref-dnzb_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnzb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was the son of perfume manufacturer and jeweller Thomas Mountfort and his wife Susanna (née Woolfield). As a young adult he moved to London, where he was an early pupil of <a href="/wiki/George_Gilbert_Scott" title="George Gilbert Scott">George Gilbert Scott</a> (from 1841 to 1846). He also studied architecture under the Anglo-Catholic<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> architect <a href="/wiki/Richard_Cromwell_Carpenter" title="Richard Cromwell Carpenter">Richard Cromwell Carpenter</a>, whose medieval <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a> style of design was to have a lifelong influence on Mountfort.<sup id="cite_ref-Christchurch_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christchurch-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After completion of his training in 1848, Mountfort practised architecture in London. He married Emily Elizabeth Newman on 20 August 1850, and 18 days later the couple emigrated to New Zealand,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> along with Benjamin's brother Charles Wheeler Mountfort and his wife Mary. They were some of the first settlers to the province of Canterbury, arriving on one of the famed <a href="/wiki/First_Four_Ships" title="First Four Ships">First Four Ships</a>, the <i><a href="/wiki/Charlotte-Jane" class="mw-redirect" title="Charlotte-Jane">Charlotte-Jane</a></i> on 16 December 1850.<sup id="cite_ref-dnzb_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnzb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These first settlers, known as "The Pilgrims",<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have their names engraved on marble plaques in <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_Square,_Christchurch" title="Cathedral Square, Christchurch">Cathedral Square</a>, Christchurch, in front of the cathedral that Mountfort helped to design.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="New_Zealand">New Zealand</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Mountfort&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: New Zealand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canterbury_College.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Canterbury_College.jpg/200px-Canterbury_College.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Canterbury_College.jpg/300px-Canterbury_College.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Canterbury_College.jpg/400px-Canterbury_College.jpg 2x" data-file-width="651" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Christchurch_Arts_Centre" title="Christchurch Arts Centre">Canterbury College</a>, designed by Benjamin Mountfort in 1877, is dominated by a central <a href="/wiki/Clock_tower" title="Clock tower">clock tower</a>, with a medieval style great hall to the right.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CanterburyCollegeGreatHall_gobeirne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/CanterburyCollegeGreatHall_gobeirne.jpg/200px-CanterburyCollegeGreatHall_gobeirne.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/CanterburyCollegeGreatHall_gobeirne.jpg/300px-CanterburyCollegeGreatHall_gobeirne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/CanterburyCollegeGreatHall_gobeirne.jpg/400px-CanterburyCollegeGreatHall_gobeirne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Canterbury College, The Great Hall, pictured to the right of illustration above</figcaption></figure> <p>Mountfort arrived in Canterbury full of ambition and drive to begin designing in 1850 as one of a wave of settlers encouraged to immigrate to the new colony of New Zealand by the British Government.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With him and his wife from England also came his brother Charles, sister Susannah, and Charles' wife, all five of them aged between 21 and 26. Life in New Zealand at first was hard and disappointing: Mountfort found that there was little call for architects. Christchurch was little more than a large village of basic wooden huts on a windswept plain. </p><p>The new émigré's architectural life in New Zealand had a disastrous beginning. His first commission in New Zealand was the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_Trinity_Church,_Lyttelton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holy Trinity Church, Lyttelton (page does not exist)">Church of the Most Holy Trinity</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lyttelton,_New_Zealand" title="Lyttelton, New Zealand">Lyttelton</a>, built in 1852 by <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Luck" title="Isaac Luck">Isaac Luck</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELochhead199966–76_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELochhead199966–76-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The building proved vulnerable to high winds and was considered unsafe. It was demolished in 1857.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELochhead199966–76_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELochhead199966–76-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This calamity was attributed to the use of unseasoned wood and his lack of knowledge of the local building materials. Whatever the cause, the result was a crushing blow to his reputation.<sup id="cite_ref-dnzb_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnzb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A local newspaper called him "... a half-educated architect whose buildings... have given anything but satisfaction, he being evidently deficient in all knowledge of the principles of construction, though a clever draughtsman and a man of some taste.".<sup id="cite_ref-Christchurch_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christchurch-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to this blow to his reputation, he began running a stationery shop, working as a newspaper agent, and giving drawing lessons until 1857 to supplement his architectural work.<sup id="cite_ref-dnzb_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnzb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was during this period in the architectural wilderness that he developed a lifelong interest in photography and supplemented his meagre income by taking photographic portraits.<sup id="cite_ref-encynz1966_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encynz1966-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mountfort was a <a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Freemason</a> and an early member of the Lodge of Unanimity,<sup id="cite_ref-freem_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-freem-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the main building of which he designed in 1863.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Lodge of Unanimity was the first <a href="/wiki/Masonic_Lodge" class="mw-redirect" title="Masonic Lodge">Masonic Lodge</a> in the <a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Return_to_architecture">Return to architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Mountfort&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Return to architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1857 he returned to architecture and entered into a business partnership with his sister Susannah's new husband, Isaac Luck. Mountfort's career received a fillip when he was commissioned to design the St John's Anglican church at <a href="/wiki/Waikouaiti" title="Waikouaiti">Waikouaiti</a> in Otago. A small timber structure in the Gothic style, it was completed on 19 December 1858 on land donated by the ex-whaler <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Jones_(pioneer)" title="Johnny Jones (pioneer)">Johnny Jones</a>. It is still in use as a church, the oldest such structure in southern New Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Now within the boundaries of the city of <a href="/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin">Dunedin</a> its simple pit-sawn timber interior successfully conjures a sense of spirituality. </p><p>Christchurch was under heavy development at this time, as it had just been granted city status and the new administrative capital of the province of Canterbury. This provided Mountfort and Luck ample opportunity to practice their trade. In 1855 they produced a preliminary design for the new <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Provincial_Council_Buildings" title="Canterbury Provincial Council Buildings">Canterbury Provincial Council Buildings</a> in timber. The buildings were constructed from 1857 to 1859, but in a more limited form than the original design. As the Provincial Council gained new functions with growth in the population and economy of the province, the buildings were enlarged with a North wing in stone and an <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Clock_Tower" title="Victoria Clock Tower">iron clock tower</a> from 1859 to 1860, and further enlarged with a stone council chamber and refreshment rooms in 1864–65.<sup id="cite_ref-encynz1966_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encynz1966-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The buildings today are regarded as one of Mountfort's most important works.<sup id="cite_ref-dnzb_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnzb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the exterior, the building appears austere, as was much of Mountfort's early work: a central tower dominates two flanking gabled wings in the Gothic revival style.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However the interior was a riot of colour and medievalism as perceived through Victorian eyes; it included stained glass windows, and a large double-faced clock, thought to be one of only five around the globe. The chamber is decorated in a rich, almost <a href="/wiki/John_Ruskin" title="John Ruskin">Ruskinesque</a> style, with carvings by a local sculptor <a href="/wiki/William_Brassington" title="William Brassington">William Brassington</a>. Included in the carvings are representations of indigenous New Zealand species.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gothic_architecture">Gothic architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Mountfort&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Gothic architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Augustine%27s._Waimate._NZ.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/St_Augustine%27s._Waimate._NZ.jpg/300px-St_Augustine%27s._Waimate._NZ.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/St_Augustine%27s._Waimate._NZ.jpg/450px-St_Augustine%27s._Waimate._NZ.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/St_Augustine%27s._Waimate._NZ.jpg 2x" data-file-width="552" data-file-height="414" /></a><figcaption>St Augustine's Church in <a href="/wiki/Waimate" title="Waimate">Waimate</a>. Mountfort's Gothic in wood, designed in 1872, has the <a href="/wiki/Campanile" class="mw-redirect" title="Campanile">campanile</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Medieval" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval">medieval</a> cathedral in miniature, neighboured by the roof of a <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau" title="Château">chateau</a>, entered by the <a href="/wiki/Lychgate" title="Lychgate">lychgate</a> of an English <a href="/wiki/Parish_church" title="Parish church">parish church</a>, all successfully harmonised into a New Zealand landscape.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Gothic revival style of architecture began to gain in popularity from the late 18th century as a <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">romantic</a> backlash against the more <a href="/wiki/Classicism" title="Classicism">classical</a> and formal styles which had predominated the previous two centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-intro_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-intro-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the age of 16, Mountfort acquired two books written by the Gothic revivalist <a href="/wiki/Augustus_Pugin" title="Augustus Pugin">Augustus Pugin</a>: <i>The True Principles of Christian or Pointed Architecture</i> and <i>An Apology for the Revival of Christian Architecture.</i> From this time onwards, Mountfort was a disciple of Pugin's strong Anglo-Catholic architectural values.<sup id="cite_ref-cent_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cent-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These values were further cemented in 1846, at the age of 21, Mountfort became a pupil of Richard Cromwell Carpenter.<sup id="cite_ref-dnzb_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnzb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Carpenter was, like Mountfort, a devout Anglo-Catholic and subscribed to the theories of Tractarianism, and thus to the <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Movement" title="Oxford Movement">Oxford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_movement_(philosophy)" title="Cambridge movement (philosophy)">Cambridge Movements</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These conservative theological movements taught that true spirituality and concentration in prayer was influenced by the physical surroundings, and that the medieval church had been more spiritual than that of the early 19th century. As a result of this theology, medieval architecture was declared to be of greater spiritual value than the classical <a href="/wiki/Palladian_architecture" title="Palladian architecture">Palladian</a>-based styles of the 18th and early 19th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Augustus Pugin even pronounced that medieval architecture was the only form suitable for a church and that Palladianism was almost heretical. Such theory was not confined to architects, and continued well into the 20th century. This school of thought led intellectuals such as the English poet <a href="/wiki/Ezra_Pound" title="Ezra Pound">Ezra Pound</a> to prefer <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_architecture" title="Romanesque architecture">Romanesque</a> buildings to <a href="/wiki/Baroque_architecture" title="Baroque architecture">Baroque</a> on the grounds that the latter represented an abandonment of the world of intellectual clarity and light for a set of values based on the notion of hell and the increasing dominance of society by bankers, a breed to be despised.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Whatever the philosophy behind the Gothic revival, in London the 19th-century rulers of the British Empire felt that Gothic architecture was suitable for the colonies because of its then strong Anglican connotations, representing hard work, morality and conversion of native peoples.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The irony of this was that many of Mountfort's churches were for Roman Catholics, as so many of the new immigrants were of Irish origin.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To the many middle-class English empire builders, Gothic represented a nostalgic reminder of the parishes left behind in Britain with their true medieval architecture; these were the patrons who chose the architects and designs.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mountfort's early Gothic work in New Zealand was of the more severe Anglican variety as practised by Carpenter, with tall <a href="/wiki/Lancet_window" title="Lancet window">lancet windows</a> and many <a href="/wiki/Gable" title="Gable">gables</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cant_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cant-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As his career progressed, and he had proved himself to the employing authorities, his designs developed into a more European form, with towers, turrets and high ornamental roof lines in the French manner, a style which was in no way peculiar to Mountfort but was endorsed by such architects as <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Waterhouse" title="Alfred Waterhouse">Alfred Waterhouse</a> in Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mountfort's skill as an architect lay in adapting these flamboyant styles to suit the limited materials available in New Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-encynz1966_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encynz1966-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While wooden churches are plentiful in certain parts of the US, they are generally of a simple classic design, whereas Mountfort's wooden churches in New Zealand are as much ornate Gothic fantasies as those he designed in stone. Perhaps the flamboyance of his work can be explained in a statement of principles he and his partner Luck wrote when bidding to win the commission to design Government House, Auckland in 1857: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Accordingly, we see in Nature's buildings, the mountains and hills; not regularity of outline but diversity; buttresses, walls and turrets as unlike each other as possible, yet producing a graduation of effect not to be approached by any work, moulded to regularity of outline. The simple study of an oak or an elm tree would suffice to confute the regularity theory.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Provincial_Architect">Provincial Architect</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Mountfort&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Provincial Architect"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christchurch_Cathedral_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Christchurch_Cathedral_%281%29.jpg/200px-Christchurch_Cathedral_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Christchurch_Cathedral_%281%29.jpg/300px-Christchurch_Cathedral_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Christchurch_Cathedral_%281%29.jpg/400px-Christchurch_Cathedral_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="698" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>The construction of <a href="/wiki/ChristChurch_Cathedral,_Christchurch" class="mw-redirect" title="ChristChurch Cathedral, Christchurch">ChristChurch Cathedral</a>, designed by <a href="/wiki/George_Gilbert_Scott" title="George Gilbert Scott">George Gilbert Scott</a>, was supervised by Benjamin Mountfort who designed the spire.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Christ_ChurchCathedral1_gobeirne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Christ_ChurchCathedral1_gobeirne.jpg/200px-Christ_ChurchCathedral1_gobeirne.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Christ_ChurchCathedral1_gobeirne.jpg/300px-Christ_ChurchCathedral1_gobeirne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Christ_ChurchCathedral1_gobeirne.jpg/400px-Christ_ChurchCathedral1_gobeirne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>The ChristChurch was completed in 1904. Until the 2011 earthquake and the collapse of the spire, the building remained almost unaltered.</figcaption></figure> <p>As the "Provincial Architect"—a newly created position to which Mountfort was appointed in 1864<sup id="cite_ref-f1306_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f1306-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—Mountfort designed a wooden church for the Roman Catholic community of the city of Christchurch. This wooden erection was subsequently enlarged several times until it was renamed a cathedral.<sup id="cite_ref-dnzb_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnzb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was eventually replaced in 1901 by the <a href="/wiki/Francis_Petre#1904_Cathedral_of_the_Blessed_Sacrament.2C_Christchurch" title="Francis Petre">Cathedral of the Blessed Sacrament</a>, a more permanent stone building by the architect <a href="/wiki/Francis_Petre" title="Francis Petre">Frank Petre</a>, though the <a href="/wiki/Cenotaph" title="Cenotaph">cenotaph</a> by Mountfort was preserved.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mountfort often worked in wood, a material he in no way regarded as an impediment to the Gothic style,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though he was unique in this respect as Gothic buildings were often created from stone and mortar.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1869 and 1882 he designed the <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Museum,_Christchurch" title="Canterbury Museum, Christchurch">Canterbury Museum</a> and subsequently <a href="/wiki/University_of_Canterbury" title="University of Canterbury">Canterbury College</a> and its clock tower in 1877.<sup id="cite_ref-dnzb_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnzb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Construction on the buildings for the Canterbury College, which later became the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Canterbury" title="University of Canterbury">University of Canterbury</a>, began with the construction of the clock tower block. This edifice, which opened in 1877, was the first purpose built university in New Zealand. The College was completed in two subsequent stages in Mountfort's usual Gothic style.<sup id="cite_ref-dnzb_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnzb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/George_Gilbert_Scott" title="George Gilbert Scott">George Gilbert Scott</a>, the architect of <a href="/wiki/ChristChurch_Cathedral,_Christchurch" class="mw-redirect" title="ChristChurch Cathedral, Christchurch">ChristChurch Cathedral</a>, and an empathiser of Mountfort's teacher and mentor Carpenter, wished his former pupil Mountfort to be the <a href="/wiki/Clerk_of_Works" class="mw-redirect" title="Clerk of Works">clerk of works</a> and supervising architect of the new cathedral project.<sup id="cite_ref-cent_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cent-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This proposal was originally vetoed by the Cathedral Commission.<sup id="cite_ref-Christchurch_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christchurch-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, following delays in the building work attributed to financial problems, the position of supervising architect was finally given to Mountfort in 1873. Mountfort was responsible for several alterations to the absentee main architect's design, most obviously the tower and the west <a href="/wiki/Porch" title="Porch">porch</a>. He also designed the <a href="/wiki/Baptismal_font" title="Baptismal font">font</a>, the Harper Memorial, and the north porch.<sup id="cite_ref-encynz1966_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encynz1966-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cathedral was however not finally completed until 1904, six years after Mountfort's death. The cathedral is very much in the European decorated Gothic style with an attached <a href="/wiki/Campanile" class="mw-redirect" title="Campanile">campanile</a> tower beside the body of the cathedral, rather than towering directly above it in the more English tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1872 Mountfort became a founding member of the Canterbury Association of Architects, a body which was responsible for all subsequent development of the new city. Mountfort was now at the pinnacle of his career.<sup id="cite_ref-intro_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-intro-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mountfort notably altered the use of a segmented arch rather than one in the Romanesque style; the latter of which was considered by Augustus Pugin to be fundamentally important to the Gothic style. The college posed a challenge in its main hall; on the hall's completion in 1882, it was the largest public space in Christchurch.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, a level of detail not possible in previous works was present in the hall's design due to the superior funding for the college. The completion of the first stage was met with praise and optimism, though extensions such as a biological lab were added in the early 1890s.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 1880s, Mountfort was hailed as New Zealand's premier <a href="/wiki/Church_(building)" title="Church (building)">ecclesiastical</a> architect, with over forty churches to his credit. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canterbury_Museum1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Canterbury_Museum1.jpg/300px-Canterbury_Museum1.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Canterbury_Museum1.jpg/450px-Canterbury_Museum1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Canterbury_Museum1.jpg/600px-Canterbury_Museum1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="705" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Canterbury Museum, designed by Benjamin Mountfort. Completed in 1882, in the style of a French <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau" title="Château">chateau</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1888, he designed St John's Cathedral in <a href="/wiki/Napier,_New_Zealand" title="Napier, New Zealand">Napier</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dnzb_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnzb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This brick construction was demolished in the disastrous <a href="/wiki/1931_Hawke%27s_Bay_earthquake" title="1931 Hawke's Bay earthquake">1931 earthquake</a> that destroyed much of Napier.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1886 and 1897, Mountfort worked on one of his largest churches, the wooden <a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Cathedral,_Auckland" title="St Mary's Cathedral, Auckland">St Mary's</a>, the cathedral church of <a href="/wiki/Auckland" title="Auckland">Auckland</a>. Covering 9,000 square feet (840 m<sup>2</sup>), St Mary's is the largest and last timber church built by Mountfort,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the largest wooden Gothic church in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-dnzb_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnzb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At its completion, it was said that "in point of design, completeness and beauty [it] reaches a high level mark not yet approached in the diocese". The emphasis placed on the sweeping roof by the great aisle windows struck a balance to the great area the church enclosed. In 1982 the entire church, complete with its stained glass windows, was transported to a new site, across the road from its former position where a new cathedral was to be built. St Mary's church was consecrated in 1898, one of Mountfort's final grand works.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Outside of his career, Mountfort was keenly interested in the arts and a talented artist, although his artistic work appears to have been confined to art pertaining to architecture, his first love. He was a devout member of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a> and a member of many Anglican church councils and <a href="/wiki/Diocese" title="Diocese">diocese</a> committees.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mountfort's later years were blighted by professional jealousies, as his position as the province's first architect was assailed by new and younger men influenced by new orders of architecture. Benjamin Mountfort died in 1898, aged 73. He was buried in the cemetery of <a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Avonside" title="Holy Trinity Avonside">Holy Trinity Avonside</a>, the church which he had extended in 1876.<sup id="cite_ref-dnzb_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnzb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-encynz1966_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encynz1966-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Mountfort&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CanterburyProvincialCouncilBuildings1_gobeirne.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/CanterburyProvincialCouncilBuildings1_gobeirne.jpg/200px-CanterburyProvincialCouncilBuildings1_gobeirne.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/CanterburyProvincialCouncilBuildings1_gobeirne.jpg/300px-CanterburyProvincialCouncilBuildings1_gobeirne.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/CanterburyProvincialCouncilBuildings1_gobeirne.jpg/400px-CanterburyProvincialCouncilBuildings1_gobeirne.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Provincial_Council_Buildings" title="Canterbury Provincial Council Buildings">Canterbury Provincial Council Buildings</a>. One of Mountfort's earliest New Zealand Gothic buildings, in the style he made his trademark.</figcaption></figure> <p>Evaluating Mountfort's works today, one has to avoid judging them against a background of similar designs in Europe. In the 1860s, New Zealand was a developing country, where materials and resources freely available in Europe were conspicuous by their absence. When available they were often of inferior quality, as Mountfort discovered with the unseasoned wood in his first disastrous project. His first buildings in his new homeland were often too tall, or steeply pitched, failing to take account of the non-European climate and landscape. However, he soon adapted, and developed his skill in working with crude and unrefined materials.<sup id="cite_ref-encynz1966_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encynz1966-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunny_Side_Asylum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Sunny_Side_Asylum.jpg/200px-Sunny_Side_Asylum.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Sunny_Side_Asylum.jpg/300px-Sunny_Side_Asylum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Sunny_Side_Asylum.jpg/400px-Sunny_Side_Asylum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="659" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sunnyside_Hospital" title="Sunnyside Hospital">Sunnyside Asylum</a>, Christchurch. Completed in 1891, this was one of Mountfort's last major works. Designed in a <a href="/wiki/Chateauesque" class="mw-redirect" title="Chateauesque">chateauesque</a> Gothic, the large windows created the air of a <a href="/wiki/English_country_houses" class="mw-redirect" title="English country houses">country house</a> rather than place of incarceration.</figcaption></figure> <p>Christchurch and its surrounding areas are unique in New Zealand for their particular style of Gothic architecture, something that can be directly attributed to Benjamin Mountfort. While Mountfort did accept small private domestic commissions, he is today better known for the designs executed for public, civic bodies, and the church. His monumental Gothic stone civic buildings in Christchurch, which would not be out of place in Oxford or Cambridge, are an amazing achievement over adversity of materials. His hallmark wooden Gothic churches today epitomise the 19th-century province of Canterbury. They are accepted, and indeed appear as part of the landscape. In this way, Benjamin Mountfort's achievement was to make his favoured style of architecture synonymous with the identity of the province of Canterbury.<sup id="cite_ref-cant_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cant-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following his death, one of his seven children, <a href="/wiki/Cyril_Mountfort" title="Cyril Mountfort">Cyril</a>, continued to work in his father's Gothic style well into the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-encynz1966_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encynz1966-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cyril Mountfort was responsible for the church of <a href="/wiki/St_Luke%27s_Church,_Christchurch" title="St Luke's Church, Christchurch">St Luke's in the City</a>, which was an unexecuted design of his father's.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this way, and through the daily public use of his many buildings, Mountfort's legacy lives on. He ranks today with his contemporaries <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lawson_(architect)" title="Robert Lawson (architect)">R A Lawson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Francis_Petre" title="Francis Petre">Francis Petre</a> as one of New Zealand's greatest 19th-century architects.<sup id="cite_ref-dnzb_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnzb-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_buildings">Selected buildings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Mountfort&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Selected buildings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christchurch">Christchurch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Mountfort&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Christchurch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beth_El_Synagogue,_Christchurch" title="Beth El Synagogue, Christchurch">Beth El Synagogue 1864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ%27s_College_Chapel" title="Christ's College Chapel">Christ's College Chapel</a> (1880s extensions)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christchurch_Arts_Centre" title="Christchurch Arts Centre">Christchurch Arts Centre</a> buildings, 1882</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Provincial_Council_Buildings" title="Canterbury Provincial Council Buildings">Canterbury Provincial Council Buildings</a>, 1858–1865 (partially collapsed in the <a href="/wiki/2011_Christchurch_earthquake" title="2011 Christchurch earthquake">2011 Christchurch earthquake</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To be restored)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Museum,_Christchurch" title="Canterbury Museum, Christchurch">Canterbury Museum</a>, Central Christchurch, 1869–1882</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Good_Shepherd,_Christchurch" title="Church of the Good Shepherd, Christchurch">Church of the Good Shepherd</a>, Phillipstown, 1884–1885 (demolished 2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ChristChurch_Cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="ChristChurch Cathedral">ChristChurch Cathedral</a>, 1864–1904 (partially collapsed in the 2011 Canterbury earthquake. Under restoration)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Avonside" title="Holy Trinity Avonside">Holy Trinity Avonside</a> Church Chancel, 1874–1877 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.christchurch.org.nz/Heritage/Photos/Disc9/IMG0085.jpg">photo</a>) (demolished 2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Octagon,_Christchurch" class="mw-redirect" title="The Octagon, Christchurch">Trinity Church, Christchurch</a>, 1872</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_John_the_Baptist_Church,_Christchurch" title="St John the Baptist Church, Christchurch">St John the Baptist Church</a>, 1864–1865 (demolished 2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Anglican_Church,_Papanui" title="St Paul's Anglican Church, Papanui">St Paul's Anglican Church</a>, Papanui, 1876–1877</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunnyside_Hospital" title="Sunnyside Hospital">Sunnyside Hospital</a>, Hillmorton, 1881–1893<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (demolished 2007)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elsewhere_in_Canterbury">Elsewhere in Canterbury</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Mountfort&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Elsewhere in Canterbury"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Most Holy Trinity, Lyttelton, 1852 (demolished 1857)</li> <li>St. Augustine's Church, Waimate 1872</li> <li>St Stephen's, Lincoln 1877</li> <li>St John's, Rangiora.</li> <li>St Bartholomew's, Kaiapoi (1855)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_Island">North Island</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Mountfort&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: North Island"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>St John's Cathedral, <a href="/wiki/Napier,_New_Zealand" title="Napier, New Zealand">Napier</a>, 1886–1888</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_Cathedral,_Auckland" title="St Mary's Cathedral, Auckland">St Mary's Church</a>, 1886 (relocated 1982)<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Mountfort&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-dnzb-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dnzb_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dnzb_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dnzb_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dnzb_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dnzb_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dnzb_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dnzb_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dnzb_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dnzb_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dnzb_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dnzb_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dnzb_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dnzb_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lochhead 1990</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHoman2006" class="citation book cs1">Homan, Roger (2006). <i>The Art of the Sublime</i>. Ashgate Publishing. p. 130. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-5073-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-5073-7"><bdi>978-0-7546-5073-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+the+Sublime&rft.pages=130&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7546-5073-7&rft.aulast=Homan&rft.aufirst=Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Mountfort" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Christchurch-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Christchurch_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Christchurch_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Christchurch_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://christchurchcitylibraries.com/heritage/earlychristchurch/benjaminmountfortandthegothicrevival.asp">"Benjamin Mountfort and the Gothic Revival"</a>. Christchurch Libraries.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Benjamin+Mountfort+and+the+Gothic+Revival&rft.pub=Christchurch+Libraries&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchristchurchcitylibraries.com%2Fheritage%2Fearlychristchurch%2Fbenjaminmountfortandthegothicrevival.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Mountfort" class="Z3988"></span> Retrieved on 11 August 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lochhead 1999, p. 51</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://christchurchcitylibraries.com/heritage/earlychristchurch/firstfourships.asp">"The First Four Ships"</a>. Christchurch Libraries.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+First+Four+Ships&rft.pub=Christchurch+Libraries&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchristchurchcitylibraries.com%2Fheritage%2Fearlychristchurch%2Ffirstfourships.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Mountfort" class="Z3988"></span> Retrieved on 12 August 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081016212314/http://www.ccc.govt.nz/Parks/FountainsStatues/plaques_9.asp">"Cathedral Square First Four Ships Commemorative Plaques"</a>. Christchurch City Council. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccc.govt.nz/Parks/FountainsStatues/plaques_9.asp">the original</a> on 16 October 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cathedral+Square+First+Four+Ships+Commemorative+Plaques&rft.pub=Christchurch+City+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccc.govt.nz%2FParks%2FFountainsStatues%2Fplaques_9.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Mountfort" class="Z3988"></span> Retrieved on 13 August 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith, p. 54</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The 1966 Encyclopedia of New Zealand claims that he studied with <a href="/wiki/George_Gilbert_Scott" title="George Gilbert Scott">George Gilbert Scott</a> before this.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELochhead199966–76-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELochhead199966–76_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELochhead199966–76_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLochhead1999">Lochhead 1999</a>, pp. 66–76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://christchurchcitylibraries.com/heritage/photos/disc17/IMG0089.asp">"Isaac Luck (1817–1881)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Christchurch_City_Libraries" title="Christchurch City Libraries">Christchurch City Libraries</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Isaac+Luck+%281817%E2%80%931881%29&rft.pub=Christchurch+City+Libraries&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchristchurchcitylibraries.com%2Fheritage%2Fphotos%2Fdisc17%2FIMG0089.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Mountfort" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-encynz1966-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-encynz1966_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encynz1966_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encynz1966_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encynz1966_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encynz1966_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encynz1966_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encynz1966_11-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPascoe,_PaulMcLintock,_A._H.1966" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Pascoe, Paul; McLintock, A. H., eds. (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teara.govt.nz/1966/M/MountfortBenjaminWoolfield/MountfortBenjaminWoolfield/en">"<i>Mountfort, Benjamin Woolfield</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_New_Zealand_(1966)" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopedia of New Zealand (1966)">An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_for_Culture_and_Heritage_(New_Zealand)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry for Culture and Heritage (New Zealand)">Ministry for Culture and Heritage</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mountfort%2C+Benjamin+Woolfield&rft.btitle=An+Encyclopaedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.pub=Ministry+for+Culture+and+Heritage&rft.date=1966&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teara.govt.nz%2F1966%2FM%2FMountfortBenjaminWoolfield%2FMountfortBenjaminWoolfield%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Mountfort" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-freem-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-freem_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090225143321/http://www.freemasons.co.nz/news/gazette/Vol30_1/feb%20p1-18.pdf">"Unamity's Jewel"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Freemasons' Gazette</i>. <b>30</b> (1). New Zealand Freemasons: 21. 2002. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freemasons.co.nz/news/gazette/Vol30_1/feb%20p1-18.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 25 February 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Freemasons%27+Gazette&rft.atitle=Unamity%27s+Jewel&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=21&rft.date=2002&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.freemasons.co.nz%2Fnews%2Fgazette%2FVol30_1%2Ffeb%2520p1-18.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Mountfort" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081019024340/http://archived.ccc.govt.nz/HeritageWeek/2002/Saturday19October.asp">"Christchurch City Council Archives – 18–25 October 2000 Heritage Week"</a>. Christchurch City Council. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archived.ccc.govt.nz/HeritageWeek/2002/Saturday19October.asp">the original</a> on 19 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Christchurch+City+Council+Archives+%E2%80%93+18%E2%80%9325+October+2000+Heritage+Week&rft.pub=Christchurch+City+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchived.ccc.govt.nz%2FHeritageWeek%2F2002%2FSaturday19October.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Mountfort" class="Z3988"></span> Retrieved on 12 August 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081016225121/http://archived.ccc.govt.nz/HeritageWeek/2000/ToursOpenDays.asp">"Christ Church City Council Archives – 13–20 October 2000 Heritage Week"</a>. Christchurch City Council. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archived.ccc.govt.nz/HeritageWeek/2000/ToursOpenDays.asp">the original</a> on 16 October 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Christ+Church+City+Council+Archives+%E2%80%93+13%E2%80%9320+October+2000+Heritage+Week&rft.pub=Christchurch+City+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchived.ccc.govt.nz%2FHeritageWeek%2F2000%2FToursOpenDays.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Mountfort" class="Z3988"></span> Retrieved on 12 August 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081001145248/http://www.sifreemasons.org.nz/SStPublish/sstar1.htm">"Celebrating 150 years of English Constitution Freemasonry in New Zealand"</a>. Freemason Southern Star Lodge. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sifreemasons.org.nz/SStPublish/sstar1.htm">the original</a> on 1 October 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Celebrating+150+years+of+English+Constitution+Freemasonry+in+New+Zealand&rft.pub=Freemason+Southern+Star+Lodge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sifreemasons.org.nz%2FSStPublish%2Fsstar1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Mountfort" class="Z3988"></span> Retrieved on 12 August 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Porter, 1983, p.166; Otago Daily Times, 19 December 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lochhead 1999, pp. 93–117</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heritage.org.nz/list-details/45/45">"Canterbury Provincial Government Buildings"</a>. <i>New Zealand Heritage List/Rārangi Kōrero</i>. <a href="/wiki/Heritage_New_Zealand" title="Heritage New Zealand">Heritage New Zealand</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Heritage+List%2FR%C4%81rangi+K%C5%8Drero&rft.atitle=Canterbury+Provincial+Government+Buildings&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritage.org.nz%2Flist-details%2F45%2F45&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Mountfort" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080919140851/http://www.ccc.govt.nz/Christchurch/CanterburyProvincialCouncilChambers/History/StoneChamberAndBellamys.asp">"Canterbury Provincial Council Buildings: Stone Chamber and Bellamys'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Christchurch City Council. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccc.govt.nz/Christchurch/CanterburyProvincialCouncilChambers/History/stonechamberandbellamys.asp">the original</a> on 19 September 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canterbury+Provincial+Council+Buildings%3A+Stone+Chamber+and+Bellamys%27&rft.pub=Christchurch+City+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccc.govt.nz%2FChristchurch%2FCanterburyProvincialCouncilChambers%2FHistory%2Fstonechamberandbellamys.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Mountfort" class="Z3988"></span> Retrieved on 22 August 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-intro-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-intro_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-intro_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lochhead 1999, "Introduction"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cent-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cent_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cent_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081016153639/http://www.christchurchartgallery.org.nz/Exhibitions/1998/Mountfort/">"B.W. Mountfort and the Gothic Revival: a Centennial Exhibition"</a>. Christchurch Art Gallery. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christchurchartgallery.org.nz/Exhibitions/1998/Mountfort/">the original</a> on 16 October 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=B.W.+Mountfort+and+the+Gothic+Revival%3A+a+Centennial+Exhibition&rft.pub=Christchurch+Art+Gallery&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christchurchartgallery.org.nz%2FExhibitions%2F1998%2FMountfort%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Mountfort" class="Z3988"></span> Retrieved on 25 August 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080921154725/http://www.scholars.nus.edu.sg/victorian/religion/tractarian.html">"The Nineteenth-Century High Church: Tractarianism, the Oxford Movement, and Ritualism"</a>. National University of Singapore. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scholars.nus.edu.sg/victorian/religion/tractarian.html">the original</a> on 21 September 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Nineteenth-Century+High+Church%3A+Tractarianism%2C+the+Oxford+Movement%2C+and+Ritualism&rft.pub=National+University+of+Singapore&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scholars.nus.edu.sg%2Fvictorian%2Freligion%2Ftractarian.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Mountfort" class="Z3988"></span> Retrieved on 26 August 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLivingston2006" class="citation book cs1">Livingston, James C.; et al. (2006). <i>Modern Christian Thought</i>. Fortress Press. p. 163. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8006-3795-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8006-3795-8"><bdi>978-0-8006-3795-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Christian+Thought&rft.pages=163&rft.pub=Fortress+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8006-3795-8&rft.aulast=Livingston&rft.aufirst=James+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Mountfort" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoundZinnes1980" class="citation book cs1">Pound, Ezra; Zinnes, Harriet (1980). <i>Ezra Pound and the Visual Arts</i>. New Directions Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8112-0772-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8112-0772-0"><bdi>978-0-8112-0772-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ezra+Pound+and+the+Visual+Arts&rft.pub=New+Directions+Publishing&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=978-0-8112-0772-0&rft.aulast=Pound&rft.aufirst=Ezra&rft.au=Zinnes%2C+Harriet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Mountfort" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKruftTaylor1996" class="citation book cs1">Kruft, Hanno-Walter; Taylor, Ronald (1996). <i>A History of Architectural Theory</i>. Princeton Architectural Press. p. 330. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56898-010-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56898-010-2"><bdi>978-1-56898-010-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Architectural+Theory&rft.pages=330&rft.pub=Princeton+Architectural+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1-56898-010-2&rft.aulast=Kruft&rft.aufirst=Hanno-Walter&rft.au=Taylor%2C+Ronald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Mountfort" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith, p. 81</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScaseCopelandLawton2005" class="citation book cs1">Scase, Wendy; Copeland, Rita; Lawton, David (2005). <i>New Medieval Literatures</i>. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-927365-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-927365-2"><bdi>978-0-19-927365-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Medieval+Literatures&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-927365-2&rft.aulast=Scase&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rft.au=Copeland%2C+Rita&rft.au=Lawton%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Mountfort" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cant-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cant_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cant_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardner1971" class="citation book cs1">Gardner, W.J; et al. (1971). <i>A History of Canterbury</i>. Whitcombe & Tombs. p. 483. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7233-0321-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7233-0321-3"><bdi>978-0-7233-0321-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Canterbury&rft.pages=483&rft.pub=Whitcombe+%26+Tombs&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=978-0-7233-0321-3&rft.aulast=Gardner&rft.aufirst=W.J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Mountfort" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDanielsBrandwood2003" class="citation book cs1">Daniels, Rebecca; Brandwood, Geoff (2003). <i>Ruskin & Architecture</i>. Spire Books. p. 172. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9543615-1-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9543615-1-8"><bdi>978-0-9543615-1-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ruskin+%26+Architecture&rft.pages=172&rft.pub=Spire+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-9543615-1-8&rft.aulast=Daniels&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft.au=Brandwood%2C+Geoff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Mountfort" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker" class="citation web cs1">Walker, Paul. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081014060659/http://www.architecture.auckland.ac.nz/common/library/1995/11/i4/THEHTML/papers/walker/main.htm">"The 'Maori House' at the Canterbury Museum"</a>. University of Auckland. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.architecture.auckland.ac.nz/common/library/1995/11/i4/thehtml/papers/walker/main.htm">the original</a> on 14 October 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+%27Maori+House%27+at+the+Canterbury+Museum&rft.pub=University+of+Auckland&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.architecture.auckland.ac.nz%2Fcommon%2Flibrary%2F1995%2F11%2Fi4%2Fthehtml%2Fpapers%2Fwalker%2Fmain.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Mountfort" class="Z3988"></span> Retrieved on 11 August 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-f1306-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-f1306_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fletcher, p. 1306</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081018020644/http://www.christchurchartgallery.org.nz/Publications/1997/PublicArtInChristchurch/appendix5.asp">"Appendix Five: Religious Art in Central Christchurch Accessible to the Public"</a>. Christchurch Art Gallery. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christchurchartgallery.org.nz/Publications/1997/PublicArtInChristchurch/appendix5.asp">the original</a> on 18 October 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Appendix+Five%3A+Religious+Art+in+Central+Christchurch+Accessible+to+the+Public&rft.pub=Christchurch+Art+Gallery&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christchurchartgallery.org.nz%2FPublications%2F1997%2FPublicArtInChristchurch%2Fappendix5.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Mountfort" class="Z3988"></span> Retrieved on 4 September 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTurner1996" class="citation book cs1">Turner, Jane (1996). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofart20turn"><i>The Dictionary of Art</i></a></span>. Grove's Dictionaries. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/dictionaryofart20turn/page/230">230</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-884446-00-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-884446-00-9"><bdi>978-1-884446-00-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dictionary+of+Art&rft.pages=230&rft.pub=Grove%27s+Dictionaries&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1-884446-00-9&rft.aulast=Turner&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdictionaryofart20turn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Mountfort" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2008" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Thomas R. (2008). <i>Architecture, Gothic and Renaissance</i>. Kessinger Publishing. p. 143. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4367-8070-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4367-8070-4"><bdi>978-1-4367-8070-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Architecture%2C+Gothic+and+Renaissance&rft.pages=143&rft.pub=Kessinger+Publishing&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4367-8070-4&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Thomas+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Mountfort" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://christchurchcitylibraries.com/heritage/Photos/Disc17/IMG0006.asp">"The Belltower and Spire, ChristChurch Cathedral"</a>. Christchurch Libraries<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Belltower+and+Spire%2C+ChristChurch+Cathedral&rft.pub=Christchurch+Libraries&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchristchurchcitylibraries.com%2Fheritage%2FPhotos%2FDisc17%2FIMG0006.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Mountfort" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lochhead 1999, pp. 274–277</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lochhead 1999, p. 283</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLochhead1997" class="citation journal cs1">Lochhead, Ian (1997). "A Pitiful Pile of Bricks". <i>Fabrications</i>. <b>8</b>: 64–86. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10331867.1997.10525110">10.1080/10331867.1997.10525110</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fabrications&rft.atitle=A+Pitiful+Pile+of+Bricks&rft.volume=8&rft.pages=64-86&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F10331867.1997.10525110&rft.aulast=Lochhead&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Mountfort" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lochhead 1999, p. 174</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lochhead 1999, pp. 175–178</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fletcher, p. 1308</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927161217/http://www.stlukesinthecity.org.nz/building/history.shtml">"History of St Luke's in the City"</a>. St Luke's in the City. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stlukesinthecity.org.nz/building/history.shtml">the original</a> on 27 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+St+Luke%27s+in+the+City&rft.pub=St+Luke%27s+in+the+City&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stlukesinthecity.org.nz%2Fbuilding%2Fhistory.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Mountfort" class="Z3988"></span> Retrieved on 14 September 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott" class="citation news cs1">Scott, Don. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://static2.stuff.co.nz/1298346462/729/4689729_600x400.jpg">"The old Canterbury Provincial Chambers (image)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Press" title="The Press">The Press</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+old+Canterbury+Provincial+Chambers+%28image%29&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=Don&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstatic2.stuff.co.nz%2F1298346462%2F729%2F4689729_600x400.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Mountfort" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lochhead 1999, <i>Appendix 3</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heritage.org.nz/list-details/21/21">"Benjamin Mountfort"</a>. <i>New Zealand Heritage List/Rārangi Kōrero</i>. <a href="/wiki/Heritage_New_Zealand" title="Heritage New Zealand">Heritage New Zealand</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Heritage+List%2FR%C4%81rangi+K%C5%8Drero&rft.atitle=Benjamin+Mountfort&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritage.org.nz%2Flist-details%2F21%2F21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Mountfort" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Mountfort&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Fletcher, Banister (1996). <i>Sir Banister Fletcher's a History of Architecture</i>. Architectural Press, 20th ed. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7506-2267-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7506-2267-7">978-0-7506-2267-7</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLochhead1999" class="citation book cs1">Lochhead, Ian (1999). <i>A Dream of Spires: Benjamin Mountfort and the Gothic revival</i>. Canterbury: Canterbury University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-908812-85-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-908812-85-X"><bdi>0-908812-85-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dream+of+Spires%3A+Benjamin+Mountfort+and+the+Gothic+revival&rft.place=Canterbury&rft.pub=Canterbury+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-908812-85-X&rft.aulast=Lochhead&rft.aufirst=Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Mountfort" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLochhead" class="citation web cs1">Lochhead, Ian J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/biographies/1m57">"Mountfort, Benjamin Woolfield 1825–1898"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_New_Zealand_Biography" title="Dictionary of New Zealand Biography">Dictionary of New Zealand Biography</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Ministry_for_Culture_and_Heritage" title="Ministry for Culture and Heritage">Ministry for Culture and Heritage</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dictionary+of+New+Zealand+Biography&rft.atitle=Mountfort%2C+Benjamin+Woolfield+1825%E2%80%931898&rft.aulast=Lochhead&rft.aufirst=Ian+J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fbiographies%2F1m57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Mountfort" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Porter, Frances (ed) (1983). "Historic Buildings of New Zealand, South Island". Auckland: Methuen New Zealand. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-456-03120-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-456-03120-0">0-456-03120-0</a>.</li> <li>Smith, Phillipa M. (2005). <i>A Concise History of New Zealand</i>. Cambridge University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-83438-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-83438-4">978-0-521-83438-4</a>.</li> <li>Taylor, C.R.H. (1929). <i>The Gothic Beauties and History of the Canterbury Provincial Buildings.</i> Canterbury Provincial Buildings Board.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Mountfort&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMewHumphris2020" class="citation book cs1">Mew, Geoff; Humphris, Adrian (2020). <i>Architects at the Apex: The Top 50 in New Zealand 1840–1940</i> (Softcover). Martinborough: Ngaio Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9941349-4-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9941349-4-3"><bdi>978-0-9941349-4-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Architects+at+the+Apex%3A+The+Top+50+in+New+Zealand+1840%E2%80%931940&rft.place=Martinborough&rft.pub=Ngaio+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0-9941349-4-3&rft.aulast=Mew&rft.aufirst=Geoff&rft.au=Humphris%2C+Adrian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABenjamin+Mountfort" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Mountfort&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archived.ccc.govt.nz/MediaReleases/1998/mountmedia.asp">Mountfort centenary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.christchurch.org.nz/Heritage/Publications/ChristchurchCityCouncil/ArchitecturalHeritage/ChurchoftheGoodShepherd/">The architectural heritage of Christchurch. 6, Church of the Good Shepherd</a></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output 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politician)">Charles Bowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Temple_Fisher" title="James Temple Fisher">James Temple Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_FitzGerald_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="James FitzGerald (New Zealand politician)">James FitzGerald</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Benjamin Mountfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Ritchie" title="Harriet Ritchie">Harriet Ritchie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Stuart-Wortley_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="James Stuart-Wortley (New Zealand politician)">James Stuart-Wortley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Cressy_(ship)" title="Cressy (ship)">Cressy</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Allwright" title="Harry Allwright">Harry Allwright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Dudley_Dobson" title="Arthur Dudley Dobson">Arthur Dudley Dobson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Dobson" title="Edward Dobson">Edward Dobson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Dudley_(Archdeacon_of_Rangiora)" title="Benjamin Dudley (Archdeacon of Rangiora)">Benjamin Dudley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Hart_(mayor)" title="Michael Hart (mayor)">Michael Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Townsend_(New_Zealand_settler)" title="James Townsend (New Zealand settler)">James Townsend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Townsend_(artist)" title="Mary Townsend (artist)">Mary Townsend</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Randolph_(ship)" title="Randolph (ship)">Randolph</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_Williams_(businesswoman)" title="Isabella Williams (businesswoman)">Isabella Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Seymour_(1844_ship)" title="Sir George Seymour (1844 ship)"><i>Sir George Seymour</i></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Anderson_(mayor)" title="John Anderson (mayor)">John Anderson Sr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Anderson_(New_Zealand_engineer)" title="John Anderson (New Zealand engineer)">John Anderson Jr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guise_Brittan" title="Guise Brittan">Guise Brittan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Foster" title="Emily Foster">Emily Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_James_Strachan_Harman" title="Richard James Strachan Harman">Richard James Strachan Harman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Jacobs_(priest)" title="Henry Jacobs (priest)">Henry Jacobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Watts-Russell" title="Elizabeth Watts-Russell">Elizabeth Watts-Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Watts-Russell" title="John Watts-Russell">John Watts-Russell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202497#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202497#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202497#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/128943092">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no00023725">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500082119">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://findnzartists.org.nz/artist/10789/">New Zealand Artists</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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