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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pulp and paper industry in Indonesia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Papierfabriek_Padalarang_TMnr_60016778.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Papierfabriek_Padalarang_TMnr_60016778.jpg/220px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Papierfabriek_Padalarang_TMnr_60016778.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Papierfabriek_Padalarang_TMnr_60016778.jpg/330px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Papierfabriek_Padalarang_TMnr_60016778.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Papierfabriek_Padalarang_TMnr_60016778.jpg/440px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Papierfabriek_Padalarang_TMnr_60016778.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption>The Padalarang paper mill, the country's first modern paper factory, during the colonial era</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry" title="Pulp and paper industry">Pulp and paper</a> is a major industry in <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, one of the largest producers of pulp and paper in Asia. The modern industry began in 1922 with the establishment of a paper mill during the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch colonial period</a> and expanded rapidly between 1970 and the late 1990s to fulfil domestic demand and later as an export sector. Following the <a href="/wiki/Asian_financial_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian financial crisis">Asian financial crisis</a>, the industry became more export-oriented and a major contributor to Indonesian exports. The industry controls around 10 million hectares of land as part of pulp plantations, with a major environmental footprint and accusations of violence. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kertas_Daluang.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Kertas_Daluang.jpg/220px-Kertas_Daluang.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Kertas_Daluang.jpg/330px-Kertas_Daluang.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Kertas_Daluang.jpg/440px-Kertas_Daluang.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a><figcaption>Traditional <i>daluang</i> paper</figcaption></figure> <p>Before <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch colonisation</a>, a traditional form of paper known as <i>daluang</i>, made from the bark of the <a href="/wiki/Paper_mulberry" title="Paper mulberry">paper mulberry</a>, had been produced in <a href="/wiki/Java" title="Java">Java</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a> briefly operated a paper mill in the 17th century, but the mill was shut, and paper scarcity was commonplace. The company used <i>daluang</i> and <a href="/wiki/Xuan_paper" title="Xuan paper">Chinese paper</a> as a substitute for European paper until the 19th century. <i>Daluang</i> production, centred in <a href="/wiki/Ponorogo_Regency" title="Ponorogo Regency">Ponorogo Regency</a>, declined during the late colonial period and had essentially disappeared from large-scale production after the end of the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first modern paper mill in Indonesia, N.V. Papieren Fabriek, was opened on 22 May 1922 in <a href="/wiki/Padalarang" class="mw-redirect" title="Padalarang">Padalarang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-abad_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abad-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It focused on manufacturing <a href="/wiki/Security_paper" title="Security paper">security paper</a> for official documents, and the site was chosen due to its access to freshwater.<sup id="cite_ref-abad_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abad-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second factory, N.V. Papierfabriek Letjes in <a href="/wiki/Probolinggo_Regency" title="Probolinggo Regency">Probolinggo Regency</a>, was opened in 1939 and commenced production in February 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two mills were nationalised by the Indonesian government in the late 1950s, and five more mills were established across the country until 1970 as part of the ongoing <a href="/wiki/Import_substitution_industrialization" title="Import substitution industrialization">import substitution</a> policy. The <a href="/wiki/Suharto" title="Suharto">Suharto</a> government continued this policy, and by 1984, the country had 31 paper mills with a production capacity of over 600 thousand tons per year, compared to under 45 thousand in 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After 1984, the government switched to an export-oriented policy for pulp and paper production, granting concessions of forest land to producers and providing financial incentives such as tax breaks and subsidies. Consequently, production increased even further – pulp production increased 17-fold between 1984 and 1997, while paper production capacity increased almost 12-fold.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDijk200572–75_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDijk200572–75-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Asian_financial_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian financial crisis">Asian financial crisis</a> and the drop in domestic paper consumption made companies more export-oriented.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDijk200577_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDijk200577-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2021, most Indonesian pulp plantations were located in <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a> or <a href="/wiki/Kalimantan" title="Kalimantan">Kalimantan</a>, although concessions have been granted for new plantations in <a href="/wiki/Western_New_Guinea" title="Western New Guinea">Papua</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economic_impact">Economic impact</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Economic impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2022, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Industry_(Indonesia)" title="Ministry of Industry (Indonesia)">Ministry of Industry</a> estimated that Indonesia's pulp and paper industry employed 161,000 workers directly and 1.2 million workers indirectly. The industry had an installed production capacity of 12.1 million tonnes of pulp and 18.3 million tonnes of paper annually, the eighth-largest in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The industry generated USD 7 billion in exports in 2018, 4% of all Indonesian exports. However, the export volume was dominated by a few companies – <a href="/wiki/Sinar_Mas_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinar Mas Group">Sinar Mas Group</a> and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Golden_Eagle" title="Royal Golden Eagle">Royal Golden Eagle</a> exported 95% of all pulp exports. Of the national pulp production, 42 per cent was processed into paper domestically, and 41 per cent was exported to <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-trase_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trase-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, the industry contributed 6.2% to Indonesia's non-oil and gas exports, worth USD 7.5 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environment_and_society">Environment and society</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Indonesia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Environment and society"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Within concessions granted to pulp producers, 170,000 hectares (420,000 acres) of forest were lost in 2015–2019.<sup id="cite_ref-trase_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trase-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2022, the industry generated 86 million metric tons of <a href="/wiki/CO2_equivalent" class="mw-redirect" title="CO2 equivalent">CO2 equivalent</a>, comparable to the emissions of <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>. This was primarily caused by deforestation and associated peat and forest fires.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Conversion of forests and peatlands to pulp plantations in the country peaked in 2004 when over 200 thousand hectares were converted.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/The_Indonesian_Forum_for_Environment" title="The Indonesian Forum for Environment">WALHI</a>, Indonesian pulp and paper companies collectively control over 10,000,000 hectares (25,000,000 acres) of land in concessions,<sup id="cite_ref-wrm_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wrm-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the largest groups <a href="/wiki/Asia_Pulp_and_Paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Pulp and Paper">Asia Pulp and Paper</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asia_Pacific_Resources_International_Holdings" title="Asia Pacific Resources International Holdings">APRIL</a> controlling 2,600,000 hectares (6,400,000 acres) and 1,000,000 hectares (2,500,000 acres), respectively. 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href="/wiki/Template:Economy_of_Indonesia" title="Template:Economy of Indonesia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Economy_of_Indonesia" title="Template talk:Economy of Indonesia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Economy_of_Indonesia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Economy of Indonesia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Economy_of_Indonesia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Indonesia" title="Economy of Indonesia">Economy of Indonesia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Indonesia" title="Economic history of Indonesia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benteng_program" title="Benteng program">Benteng program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Mafia" title="Berkeley Mafia">Berkeley Mafia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Asian_financial_crisis" title="1997 Asian financial crisis">Asian financial crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Currency</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_Indonesia" title="Bank Indonesia">Bank Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_rupiah" title="Indonesian rupiah">Indonesian rupiah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Banking and finance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia_Stock_Exchange" title="Indonesia Stock Exchange">Indonesia Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QRIS" title="QRIS">QRIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Indonesia" title="List of banks in Indonesia">Commercial banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_regional_development_bank" title="Indonesian regional development bank">Regional development banks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministries and agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coordinating_Ministry_for_Economic_Affairs" title="Coordinating Ministry for Economic Affairs">Coordinating Ministry for Economic Affairs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Indonesia)" title="Ministry of Finance (Indonesia)">Finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Industry_(Indonesia)" title="Ministry of Industry (Indonesia)">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Trade_(Indonesia)" title="Ministry of Trade (Indonesia)">Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_(Indonesia)" title="Ministry of Agriculture (Indonesia)">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_State_Owned_Enterprises_(Indonesia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of State Owned Enterprises (Indonesia)">State Owned Enterprises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Manpower_(Indonesia)" title="Ministry of Manpower (Indonesia)">Manpower</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Cooperatives_and_Small_%26_Medium_Enterprises_(Indonesia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Cooperatives and Small & Medium Enterprises (Indonesia) (page does not exist)">Small & Medium Enterprises</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ministry_of_Land_and_Spatial_Planning_(Indonesia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ministry of Land and Spatial Planning (Indonesia) (page does not exist)">Land and Spatial Planning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coordinating_Ministry_for_Maritime_and_Investment_Affairs" title="Coordinating Ministry for Maritime and Investment Affairs">Coordinating Ministry for Maritime and Investment Affairs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Transportation_(Indonesia)" title="Ministry of Transportation (Indonesia)">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Marine_Affairs_and_Fisheries" title="Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries">Maritime Affairs and Fisheries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Public_Works_and_Housing_(Indonesia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Public Works and Housing (Indonesia)">Public Works and Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Tourism_and_Creative_Economy" title="Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy">Tourism and Creative Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Energy_and_Mineral_Resources_(Indonesia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (Indonesia)">Energy and Mineral Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Environment_and_Forestry" title="Ministry of Environment and Forestry">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Investment_(Indonesia)" title="Ministry of Investment (Indonesia)">Investment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Services_Authority_(Indonesia)" title="Financial Services Authority (Indonesia)">OJK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agreements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ASEAN_Free_Trade_Area" title="ASEAN Free Trade Area">ASEAN Free Trade Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership" title="Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership">Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership</a></li> <li>Bilateral agreements <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Australia_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership_Agreement" title="Indonesia–Australia Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile%E2%80%93Indonesia_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership_Agreement" title="Chile–Indonesia Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Japan_Economic_Partnership_Agreement" title="Indonesia–Japan Economic Partnership Agreement">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Mozambique_Preferential_Trade_Agreement" title="Indonesia–Mozambique Preferential Trade Agreement">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Korea_Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership_Agreement" title="Indonesia–Korea Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia%E2%80%93Pakistan_Preferential_Trade_Agreement" title="Indonesia–Pakistan Preferential Trade Agreement">Pakistan</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ports_and_harbours_of_Indonesia" title="Category:Ports and harbours of Indonesia">Ports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Indonesia" title="Transport in Indonesia">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Indonesia" title="Tourism in Indonesia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pos_Indonesia" title="Pos Indonesia">Postal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Indonesia" title="Agriculture in Indonesia">Agriculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_production_in_Indonesia" title="Coconut production in Indonesia">Coconut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Indonesia" title="Coffee production in Indonesia">Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_oil_production_in_Indonesia" title="Palm oil production in Indonesia">Palm oil</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pulp and paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_production_in_Indonesia" title="Rice production in Indonesia">Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_production_in_Indonesia" title="Tea production in Indonesia">Tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_products_in_Indonesia" title="Tobacco products in Indonesia">Tobacco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Indonesia" title="Automotive industry in Indonesia">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mining in Indonesia">Mining</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bauxite_mining_in_Indonesia" title="Bauxite mining in Indonesia">Bauxite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal_mining_in_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Coal mining in Indonesia">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper_mining_in_Indonesia" title="Copper mining in Indonesia">Copper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nickel_mining_in_Indonesia" title="Nickel mining in Indonesia">Nickel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tin_mining_in_Indonesia" title="Tin mining in Indonesia">Tin</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Economy_of_Indonesia" title="Category:Economy of Indonesia">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Pulp and paper industry in Asia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Afghanistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in Afghanistan (page does not exist)">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Armenia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in Armenia (page does not exist)">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Azerbaijan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in Azerbaijan (page does not exist)">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Bahrain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in Bahrain (page does not exist)">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Bangladesh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in Bangladesh (page does not exist)">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Bhutan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in Bhutan (page does not exist)">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Brunei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in Brunei (page does not exist)">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Cambodia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in Cambodia (page does not exist)">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_China&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in China (page does not exist)">China</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in Cyprus (page does not exist)">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_East_Timor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in East Timor (page does not exist)">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Egypt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in Egypt (page does not exist)">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Georgia_(country)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in Georgia (country) (page does not exist)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_India" title="Pulp and paper industry in India">India</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Iran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in Iran (page does not exist)">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Iraq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in Iraq (page does not exist)">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Israel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in Israel (page does not exist)">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Japan" title="Pulp and paper industry in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Jordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in Jordan (page does not exist)">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Kazakhstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in Kazakhstan (page does not exist)">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_North_Korea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in North Korea (page does not exist)">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_South_Korea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in South Korea (page does not exist)">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Kuwait&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in Kuwait (page does not exist)">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Kyrgyzstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in Kyrgyzstan (page does not exist)">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Laos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in Laos (page does not exist)">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Lebanon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in Lebanon (page does not exist)">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Malaysia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in Malaysia (page does not exist)">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_the_Maldives&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in the Maldives (page does not exist)">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Mongolia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in Mongolia (page does not exist)">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Myanmar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in Myanmar (page does not exist)">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Nepal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in Nepal (page does not exist)">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Oman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in Oman (page does not exist)">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Pakistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in Pakistan (page does not exist)">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_the_Philippines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in the Philippines (page does not exist)">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Qatar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in Qatar (page does not exist)">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in Russia (page does not exist)">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Saudi_Arabia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in Saudi Arabia (page does not exist)">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Singapore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in Singapore (page does not exist)">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Sri_Lanka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in Sri Lanka (page does not exist)">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Syria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in Syria (page does not exist)">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Tajikistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in Tajikistan (page does not exist)">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Thailand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in Thailand (page does not exist)">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Turkey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in Turkey (page does not exist)">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Turkmenistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in Turkmenistan (page does not exist)">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in the United Arab Emirates (page does not exist)">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Uzbekistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in Uzbekistan (page does not exist)">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Vietnam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in Vietnam (page does not exist)">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Yemen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in Yemen (page does not exist)">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br />limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_the_State_of_Palestine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in the State of Palestine (page does not exist)">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Taiwan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in Taiwan (page does not exist)">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br />other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in the British Indian Ocean Territory (page does not exist)">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Hong_Kong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in Hong Kong (page does not exist)">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Macau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulp and paper industry in Macau (page does not exist)">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Paper" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Paper" title="Template:Paper"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Paper" title="Template talk:Paper"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Paper" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Paper"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Paper" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Paper" title="Paper">Paper</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paper_engineering" title="Paper engineering">Paper engineering</a> / <a href="/wiki/Papermaking" title="Papermaking">Papermaking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_paper" title="History of paper">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Talas" title="Battle of Talas">Battle of Talas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missal_of_Silos" title="Missal of Silos">Missal of Silos</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Originators" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Originators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cai_Lun" title="Cai Lun">Cai Lun</a> (Zuo Bo/Tso Po/Tso Tzǔ-yi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damjing" title="Damjing">Damjing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Developers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Koops" title="Matthias Koops">Matthias Koops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Gottlob_Keller" title="Friedrich Gottlob Keller">Friedrich Gottlob Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fenerty" title="Charles Fenerty">Charles Fenerty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scholars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Francis_Carter" title="Thomas Francis Carter">Thomas Francis Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dard_Hunter" title="Dard Hunter">Dard Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsien_Tsuen-hsuin" title="Tsien Tsuen-hsuin">Tsien Tsuen-hsuin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid-free_paper" title="Acid-free paper">Acid-free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air-laid_paper" title="Air-laid paper">Air-laid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amate" title="Amate">Amate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bituminous_waterproofing#Roofing_felt" title="Bituminous waterproofing">Asphalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banana_paper" title="Banana paper">Banana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_paper" title="Bible paper">Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blotting_paper" title="Blotting paper">Blotting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bond_paper" title="Bond paper">Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_board" title="Bristol board">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_paper" title="Carbon paper">Carbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardboard" title="Cardboard">Cardboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Card_stock" title="Card stock">Cardstock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartridge_paper" title="Cartridge paper">Cartridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coated_paper" title="Coated paper">Coated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_paper" title="Construction paper">Construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contact_paper" title="Contact paper">Contact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_fine_paper#Copy_paper" title="Special fine paper">Copy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbonless_copy_paper" title="Carbonless copy paper">Carbonless</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Correction_paper" title="Correction paper">Correction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_paper" title="Cotton paper">Cotton (rag)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%AApe_paper" title="Crêpe paper">Crêpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Display_board" title="Display board">Display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B3_paper" title="Dó paper">Dó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_insulation_paper" title="Electrical insulation paper">Electrical insulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filter_paper" title="Filter paper">Filteration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genk%C5%8D_y%C5%8Dshi" title="Genkō yōshi">Genkō yōshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glassine" title="Glassine">Glassine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graph_paper" title="Graph paper">Graph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greaseproof_paper" title="Greaseproof paper">Greaseproof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp_paper" title="Hemp paper">Hemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_paper" title="India paper">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inkjet_paper" title="Inkjet paper">Inkjet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingres_paper" title="Ingres paper">Ingres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_paper" title="Korean paper">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraft_paper" title="Kraft paper">Kraft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butcher_paper" title="Butcher paper">Butcher</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laid_paper" title="Laid paper">Laid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lokta_paper" title="Lokta paper">Lokta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manila_paper" title="Manila paper">Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mummy_paper" title="Mummy paper">Mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newsprint" title="Newsprint">Newsprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onionskin" title="Onionskin">Onionskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origami_paper" title="Origami paper">Origami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paperboard" title="Paperboard">Paperboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parchment_paper" title="Parchment paper">Parchment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_paper" title="Photographic paper">Photographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic-coated_paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastic-coated paper">Plastic-coated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_rosin_paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Red rosin paper">Red rosin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_paper" title="Rice paper">Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_paper" title="Rolling paper">Rolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_paper" title="Bible paper">Scritta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_paper" title="Security paper">Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seed_paper" title="Seed paper">Seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_paper" title="Stone paper">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tar_paper" title="Tar paper">Tar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermal_paper" title="Thermal paper">Thermal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tissue_paper" title="Tissue paper">Tissue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracing_paper" title="Tracing paper">Tracing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfer_paper" title="Transfer paper">Transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree-free_paper" title="Tree-free paper">Tree-free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallpaper" title="Wallpaper">Wallpaper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washi" title="Washi">Washi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasli" title="Wasli">Wasli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterproof_paper" title="Waterproof paper">Waterproof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wax_paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Wax paper">Wax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood-free_paper" title="Wood-free paper">Wood-free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wove_paper" title="Wove paper">Wove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Printing_and_writing_paper" title="Printing and writing paper">Writing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xuan_paper" title="Xuan paper">Xuan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Materials</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaolinite" title="Kaolinite">China clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrugated_fiberboard" title="Corrugated fiberboard">Corrugated fiberboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber_crop" title="Fiber crop">Fiber crop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_chemicals" title="Paper chemicals">Paper chemicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus" title="Papyrus">Papyrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_(paper)" title="Pulp (paper)">Wood pulp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paper#Types,_thickness_and_weight" title="Paper">Specifications</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paper_density" title="Paper density">Density</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grammage" title="Grammage">Grammage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_size" title="Paper size">Paper sizes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_chemistry_of_paper" title="Surface chemistry of paper">Surface chemistry of paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Units_of_paper_quantity" title="Units of paper quantity">Units of paper quantity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wet_strength" title="Wet strength">Wet strength</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manufacture<br />and process</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bleaching_of_wood_pulp" title="Bleaching of wood pulp">Bleaching of wood pulp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calender" title="Calender">Calender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conical_refiner" title="Conical refiner">Conical refiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deinking" title="Deinking">Deinking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elemental_chlorine_free" title="Elemental chlorine free">Elemental chlorine free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_paper" title="Environmental impact of paper">Environmental impact of paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papermaking#Manual_papermaking" title="Papermaking">Handmade paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollander_beater" title="Hollander beater">Hollander beater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraft_process" title="Kraft process">Kraft process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organosolv" title="Organosolv">Organosolv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_machine" title="Paper machine">Paper machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_recycling" title="Paper recycling">Paper recycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papermaking" title="Papermaking">Papermaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soda_pulping" title="Soda pulping">Soda pulping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfite_process" title="Sulfite process">Sulfite process</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry" title="Pulp and paper industry">Paper industry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Canada" title="Pulp and paper industry in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Europe" title="Pulp and paper industry in Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_India" title="Pulp and paper industry in India">India</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_Japan" title="Pulp and paper industry in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulp_and_paper_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Pulp and paper industry in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_mill" title="Paper mill">Paper mill</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_paper_mills" title="List of paper mills">List</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Uses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lined_paper" class="mw-redirect" title="Lined paper">Lined paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_towel" title="Paper towel">Paper towels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papier-m%C3%A2ch%C3%A9" title="Papier-mâché">Papier-mâché</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardboard" title="Cardboard">Cardboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_clothing" title="Paper clothing">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tissue_paper" title="Tissue paper">Tissues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notebook" title="Notebook">Notebooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watercolor_paper" title="Watercolor paper">Watercolor paper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_money" class="mw-redirect" title="Paper money">Paper money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverage_carton" class="mw-redirect" title="Beverage carton">Beverage cartons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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