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Venesië - Wikipedia

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accesskey="r"><span>Onlangse wysigings</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Lukraak" title="Laai &#039;n lukrake bladsye [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Lukrake bladsy</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Vind meer uit oor iets"><span>Hulp</span></a></li><li id="n-Sandput" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandput"><span>Sandput</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Tuisblad" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-af.svg" 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class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page&#039;s font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Voorkoms" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Voorkoms</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=af" class=""><span>Skenkings</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&amp;returnto=Venesi%C3%AB" title="U word aangemoedig om &#039;n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie." class=""><span>Skep gebruiker</span></a> </li> 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Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&amp;returnto=Venesi%C3%AB" title="U word aangemoedig om &#039;n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&amp;returnto=Venesi%C3%AB" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etimologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etimologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etimologie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etimologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geografie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Geografie subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ligging" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligging"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Ligging</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligging-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Geologie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klimaat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klimaat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Klimaat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klimaat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Die_vloedramp_van_4_November_1966" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Die_vloedramp_van_4_November_1966"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Die vloedramp van 4 November 1966</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Die_vloedramp_van_4_November_1966-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diere-_en_plantelewe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diere-_en_plantelewe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Diere- en plantelewe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diere-_en_plantelewe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stadsuitleg,_ligging_en_ordening" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stadsuitleg,_ligging_en_ordening"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Stadsuitleg, ligging en ordening</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stadsuitleg,_ligging_en_ordening-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Die_stadsdele_(sestieri)_van_Venesië" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Die_stadsdele_(sestieri)_van_Venesië"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Die stadsdele (<i>sestieri</i>) van Venesië</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Die_stadsdele_(sestieri)_van_Venesië-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Die stadsdele (<i>sestieri</i>) van Venesië subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Die_stadsdele_(sestieri)_van_Venesië-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cannaregio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cannaregio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Cannaregio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cannaregio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stadsbeplanning" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stadsbeplanning"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Stadsbeplanning</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Stadsbeplanning-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Stadsbeplanning subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Stadsbeplanning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Stadsontwikkeling_in_die_19de_eeu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stadsontwikkeling_in_die_19de_eeu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Stadsontwikkeling in die 19de eeu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stadsontwikkeling_in_die_19de_eeu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neoinsularismo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neoinsularismo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span><i>Neoinsularismo</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neoinsularismo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uitbreiding_na_die_historiese_terraferma_of_vasteland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uitbreiding_na_die_historiese_terraferma_of_vasteland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Uitbreiding na die historiese <i>terraferma</i> of vasteland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uitbreiding_na_die_historiese_terraferma_of_vasteland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fascistiese_stadsbeplanning_vir_Grande_Venezia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fascistiese_stadsbeplanning_vir_Grande_Venezia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Fascistiese stadsbeplanning vir Grande Venezia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fascistiese_stadsbeplanning_vir_Grande_Venezia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Porto_Marghera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Porto_Marghera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Porto Marghera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Porto_Marghera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Residensiële_buurte_in_Mestre_en_Marghera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Residensiële_buurte_in_Mestre_en_Marghera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Residensiële buurte in Mestre en Marghera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Residensiële_buurte_in_Mestre_en_Marghera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Centro_storico_en_Lido" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Centro_storico_en_Lido"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span><i>Centro storico</i> en Lido</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Centro_storico_en_Lido-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vervoer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vervoer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Vervoer</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vervoer-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Vervoer subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vervoer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Spoorvervoer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spoorvervoer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Spoorvervoer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spoorvervoer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Watervervoer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Watervervoer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Watervervoer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Watervervoer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Motorvervoer" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motorvervoer"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Motorvervoer</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motorvervoer-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Sport subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Roeisport_en_cultura_acquea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roeisport_en_cultura_acquea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Roeisport en <i>cultura acquea</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roeisport_en_cultura_acquea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internasionale_verhoudings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internasionale_verhoudings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Internasionale verhoudings</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Internasionale_verhoudings-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Internasionale verhoudings subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Internasionale_verhoudings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Susterstede" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Susterstede"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Susterstede</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Susterstede-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vennootskappe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vennootskappe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Vennootskappe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vennootskappe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bekende_boorlinge" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bekende_boorlinge"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bekende boorlinge</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bekende_boorlinge-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verwysings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verwysings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Verwysings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verwysings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Eksterne skakels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Venesië</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na &#039;n artikel in &#039;n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 177 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-177" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">177 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D2%BF%D0%B0" title="Уанаҿа – Abkasies" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Уанаҿа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkasies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venedig" title="Venedig – Switserse Duits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Venedig" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Switserse Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%AC%E1%8A%92%E1%88%B5" title="ቬኒስ – Amharies" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቬኒስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venecia" title="Venecia – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Venecia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venetia" title="Venetia – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Venetia" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="البندقية – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="البندقية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ڤينيسيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ڤينيسيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venecia" title="Venecia – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Venecia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Venezia" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venesiya" title="Venesiya – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Venesiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2" title="ونیز – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ونیز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Венеция – Baskir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Венеция" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baskir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9nesia" title="Vénesia – Balinees" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Vénesia" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venedig" title="Venedig – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Venedig" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venice" title="Venice – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Venice" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Венецыя – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Венецыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Вэнэцыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вэнэцыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Венеция – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Венеция" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8" title="ভেনিস – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভেনিস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%9D%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9F%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BC%8D" title="ཝེ་ནེ་ཟི་ཡ། – Tibettaans" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཝེ་ནེ་ཟི་ཡ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibettaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Venezia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venecija" title="Venecija – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Venecija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%C3%A8cia" title="Venècia – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Venècia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Венеци – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Венеци" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia_(munisipyo_sa_Italya)" title="Venezia (munisipyo sa Italya) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Venezia (munisipyo sa Italya)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%DB%8E%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2" title="ڤێنیز – Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڤێنیز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia – Korsikaans" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Venezia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venedik" title="Venedik – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Venedik" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben%C3%A1tky" title="Benátky – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Benátky" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wenecj%C3%B4" title="Wenecjô – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Wenecjô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Венеци – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Венеци" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenis" title="Fenis – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Fenis" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venedig" title="Venedig – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Venedig" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venedig" title="Venedig – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Venedig" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venedik" title="Venedik – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Venedik" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Βενετία – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βενετία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%C3%AAzia" title="Venêzia – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Venêzia" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venice" title="Venice – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Venice" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venecio" title="Venecio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Venecio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venecia" title="Venecia – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Venecia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veneetsia" title="Veneetsia – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Veneetsia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Venezia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venecia" title="Venecia – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Venecia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2" title="ونیز – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ونیز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venetsia" title="Venetsia – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Venetsia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venesia" title="Venesia – Faroëes" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Venesia" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroëes" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venise" title="Venise – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Venise" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A8nisa" title="Vènisa – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Vènisa" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venedig" title="Venedig – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Venedig" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vignesie" title="Vignesie – Friuliaans" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Vignesie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feneesje_(st%C3%AAd)" title="Feneesje (stêd) – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Feneesje (stêd)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Vein%C3%A9is" title="An Veinéis – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Veinéis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia – Skotse Gallies" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Venezia" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Skotse Gallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venecia" title="Venecia – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Venecia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%C3%A9sia" title="Venésia – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Venésia" data-language-autonym="Avañe&#039;ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Venezia" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia – Hakka-Sjinees" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Venezia" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%94" title="ונציה – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ונציה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8" title="वेनिस – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वेनिस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venecija" title="Venecija – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Venecija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velence_(Olaszorsz%C3%A1g)" title="Velence (Olaszország) – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Velence (Olaszország)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%AF" title="Վենետիկ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վենետիկ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%AF" title="Վենետիկ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Վենետիկ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venetia" title="Venetia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Venetia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venesia" title="Venesia – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Venesia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Venezia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Venezia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feneyjar" title="Feneyjar – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Feneyjar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Venezia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A7%E3%83%8D%E3%83%84%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2" title="ヴェネツィア – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヴェネツィア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venesia" title="Venesia – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Venesia" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ვენეცია – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვენეცია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veneciya" title="Veneciya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Veneciya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinisya" title="Vinisya – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Vinisya" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feeniizi" title="Feeniizi – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Feeniizi" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venesia" title="Venesia – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Venesia" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Венеция – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Венеция" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C" title="ವೆನಿಸ್‌ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವೆನಿಸ್‌" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EB%84%A4%EC%B9%98%EC%95%84" title="베네치아 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="베네치아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vened%C3%AEk" title="Venedîk – Koerdies" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Venedîk" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Венеция – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Венеция" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venis" title="Venis – Kornies" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Venis" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Венеция – Kirgisies" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Венеция" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venetiae" title="Venetiae – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Venetiae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Venezia" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venedeg" title="Venedeg – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Venedeg" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Venezia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veneti%C3%AB" title="Venetië – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Venetië" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venessia" title="Venessia – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Venessia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unieja" title="Unieja – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Unieja" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%C3%A8zia" title="Venèzia – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Venèzia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%AA" title="ເວນີສ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ເວນີສ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venecija" title="Venecija – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Venecija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%C4%93cija" title="Venēcija – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Venēcija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8" title="भेनिस – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="भेनिस" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia – Malgassies" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Venezia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malgassies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Венеций – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Венеций" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Венеција – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Венеција" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="വെനീസ് – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വെനീസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Венец – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Венец" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%9A%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%85%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%81" title="ꯚꯦꯅꯤꯁ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯚꯦꯅꯤꯁ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8" title="व्हेनिस – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="व्हेनिस" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venice" title="Venice – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Venice" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezja" title="Venezja – Maltees" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Venezja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ဗင်းနစ်မြို့ – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဗင်းနစ်မြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Венеция ош – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Венеция ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2" title="ونیز – Masanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ونیز" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Masanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia – Neapolitaans" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Venezia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venies" title="Venies – Nedersaksies" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Venies" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8" title="भेनिस – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="भेनिस" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8" title="भेनिस – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="भेनिस" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veneti%C3%AB_(stad)" title="Venetië (stad) – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Venetië (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Venezia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Venezia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%27nise" title="V&#039;nise – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="V&#039;nise" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ven%C3%A8cia" title="Venècia – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Venècia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Венеци – Osseties" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Венеци" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Osseties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8" title="ਵੈਨਿਸ – Pandjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵੈਨਿਸ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Venezia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venise" title="Venise – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Venise" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wenecja" title="Wenecja – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wenecja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venessia" title="Venessia – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Venessia" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3" title="وینس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="وینس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%90%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="وېنيس – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="وېنيس" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veneza" title="Veneza – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Veneza" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Venezia" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vene%C8%9Bia" title="Veneția – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Veneția" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezie" title="Venezie – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Venezie" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Венеция – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Венеция" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Венеція – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Венеція" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8" title="वेनिस – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="वेनिस" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Венеция – Sakhaans" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Венеция" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakhaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venetzia" title="Venetzia – Sardinies" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Venetzia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinezzia" title="Vinezzia – Sisiliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Vinezzia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisiliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venice" title="Venice – Skots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Venice" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venecija" title="Venecija – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Venecija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venice" title="Venice – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Venice" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben%C3%A1tky" title="Benátky – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Benátky" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benetke" title="Benetke – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Benetke" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venetsia" title="Venetsia – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Venetsia" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venice" title="Venice – Somalies" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Venice" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venediku" title="Venediku – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Venediku" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Венеција – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Венеција" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9n%C3%A9sia" title="Vénésia – Sundanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Vénésia" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venedig" title="Venedig – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Venedig" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Venezia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wynecyjo" title="Wynecyjo – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Wynecyjo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-nis_%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF" title="Wi-nis 威尼斯 – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Wi-nis 威尼斯" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="வெனிசு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வெனிசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D" title="వెనిస్ – Teloegoe" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వెనిస్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Teloegoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Венетсия – Tadjiks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Венетсия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadjiks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA" title="เวนิส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เวนิส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venecia" title="Venecia – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Venecia" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venesij%C9%99" title="Venesijə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Venesijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venedik" title="Venedik – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Venedik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Венеция – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Венеция" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Venezia" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Венеция – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Венеция" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%A9nitsiye" title="Wénitsiye – Uighur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Wénitsiye" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uighur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Венеція – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Венеція" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3" title="وینس – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="وینس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venetsiya" title="Venetsiya – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Venetsiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venesia" title="Venesia – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Venesia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venecii" title="Venecii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Venecii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Venezia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veneti%C3%AB" title="Venetië – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Venetië" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Venezia" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venesya" title="Venesya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Venesya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF" title="威尼斯 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="威尼斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IVenice" title="IVenice – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IVenice" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ვენეცია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ვენეცია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A2" title="ווענעציע – Jiddisj" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ווענעציע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veneti%C3%AB" title="Venetië – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Venetië" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF" title="威尼斯 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="威尼斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF" title="威尼斯 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="威尼斯" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezia" title="Venezia – Min Nan-Sjinees" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Venezia" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF" title="威尼斯 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="威尼斯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q641#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;action=history" title="Ouer weergawes van hierdie bladsy [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gereedskap" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gereedskap</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Venesi%C3%AB"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;action=history"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Skakels_hierheen/Venesi%C3%AB" title="&#039;n Lys bladsye wat hierheen skakel [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Skakels hierheen</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:OnlangseVeranderingsMetSkakels/Venesi%C3%AB" rel="nofollow" title="Onlangse wysigings aan bladsye wat vanaf hierdie bladsy geskakel is [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Verwante veranderings</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Spesiale_bladsye" title="&#039;n Lys van al die spesiale bladsye [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesiale bladsye</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;oldid=2686577" title="&#039;n Permanente skakel na hierdie weergawe van die bladsy"><span>Permanente skakel</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Bladinligting</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:CiteThisPage&amp;page=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;id=2686577&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Inligting oor hoe u hierdie bladsy kan verwys"><span>Haal dié blad aan</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FVenesi%25C3%25AB"><span>Kry verkorte URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FVenesi%25C3%25AB"><span>Laai QR-kode af</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Druk/uitvoer </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Boek&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Venesi%C3%AB"><span>Skep boek</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Laai af as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;printable=yes" title="Drukbare weergawe van hierdie bladsy [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Drukbare weergawe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ander projekte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Venezia" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q641" title="Skakel na gekonnekteerde databank item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Voorkoms</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geografiese_ko%C3%B6rdinatestelsel" title="Geografiese koördinatestelsel">Koördinate</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2670708">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;language=af&amp;params=45_26_N_12_20_O_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Kaarte, lugfoto&#39;s, en ander data vir hierdie plek"><span class="latitude">45°26′N</span> <span class="longitude">12°20′O</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Kaarte, lugfoto&#39;s, en ander data vir hierdie plek">45.433°N 12.333°O</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">45.433; 12.333</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><table align="right" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" style="border:1px solid #88a; background:#CEDAF2; padding:5px; font-size: 85%; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em; border-collapse:collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <th align="center" colspan="2" style="color: #000000; background: #f7f8ff; padding: 4px; font-size:170%;"> <p><span style="font-size:16pt"><b>Venesië</b></span><br /><small>Città di Venezia</small><br /><small>Venexia/Venèsia</small><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Collage_Venezia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Collage_Venezia.jpg/280px-Collage_Venezia.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Collage_Venezia.jpg/420px-Collage_Venezia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Collage_Venezia.jpg/560px-Collage_Venezia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5120" data-file-height="3840" /></a></span> </p> </th></tr> <tr style="background: #CEDAF2; text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #999"> <td><b>Kaart</b> </td> <td style="border-left:1px solid #999"><b>Wapen</b> </td></tr> <tr style="background:white"> <td rowspan="6"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Venezia_dot.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Venezia_dot.png/180px-Venezia_dot.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Venezia_dot.png/270px-Venezia_dot.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Venezia_dot.png/360px-Venezia_dot.png 2x" data-file-width="1805" data-file-height="2243" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr style="background: white"> <td style="border-left:1px solid #999"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Venezia-Stemma.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Venezia-Stemma.svg/75px-Venezia-Stemma.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Venezia-Stemma.svg/113px-Venezia-Stemma.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Venezia-Stemma.svg/150px-Venezia-Stemma.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="725" data-file-height="1120" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr style="background: #f7f8ff;border-top:1px solid #999; text-align:center;"> <td style="border-left:1px solid #999"> </td></tr> <tr style="background: #CEDAF2; text-align:center;"> <td style="border-left:1px solid #999;border-top:1px solid #999"><b>Vlag</b> </td></tr> <tr style="background: white; border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td style="border-left:1px solid #999"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Venice.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Venice.svg/90px-Flag_of_Venice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Venice.svg/135px-Flag_of_Venice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_Venice.svg/180px-Flag_of_Venice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr style="background: #f7f8ff; border-top:1px solid #999; text-align:center;"> <td style="border-left:1px solid #999"> </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td>&#160;<b>Land</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Italië"><img alt="Vlag van Italië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB" title="Italië">Italië</a> </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td>&#160;<b>Gewes</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_Veneto.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_Veneto.svg/23px-Flag_of_Veneto.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_Veneto.svg/35px-Flag_of_Veneto.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_Veneto.svg/46px-Flag_of_Veneto.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1163" data-file-height="776" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Veneto" title="Veneto">Veneto</a> </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td>&#160;<b>Provinsie</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Flag_of_the_Province_of_Venice.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_the_Province_of_Venice.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Province_of_Venice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_the_Province_of_Venice.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Province_of_Venice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Flag_of_the_Province_of_Venice.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Province_of_Venice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1001" data-file-height="501" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB_(provinsie)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Venesië (provinsie) (bladsy bestaan nie)">Venesië</a> (VE) </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td>&#160;<b>Koördinate</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2670708">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion load-gadget" data-gadget="WikiMiniAtlas"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;language=af&amp;params=45_26_N_12_20_O_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Kaarte, lugfoto&#39;s, en ander data vir hierdie plek"><span class="latitude">45°26′N</span> <span class="longitude">12°20′O</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Kaarte, lugfoto&#39;s, en ander data vir hierdie plek">45.433°N 12.333°O</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">45.433; 12.333</span></span></span></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td>&#160;<b>Stigting</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">Antieke oudheid </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td>&#160;<b>Oppervlakte:</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff">&#160; </td></tr> <tr> <td>&#160;- Totaal </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">414,57 <a href="/wiki/Vierkante_kilometer" title="Vierkante kilometer">vk km</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>&#160;<b>Hoogte bo seevlak</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">1 m </td></tr> <tr> <td>&#160;<b>Bevolking:</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff">&#160; </td></tr> <tr> <td>&#160;- Totaal (31 Desember 2018) </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">260&#160;520<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>&#160;- Bevolkingsdigtheid </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">628,4/vk km </td></tr> <tr> <td>&#160;<b>Tydsone</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a> +1 (MET) </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td>&#160;- <a href="/wiki/Somertyd" title="Somertyd">Somertyd</a> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/UTC" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC">UTC</a> +2 (MEST) </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td>&#160;<b>Klimaat</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff">&#160; </td></tr> <tr> <td>&#160;- Tipe </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">Gematigde seeklimaat </td></tr> <tr> <td>&#160;- Gemiddelde jaarlikse temperatuur </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">13,5&#160;°C </td></tr> <tr> <td>&#160;- Gem. temp. Januarie/Julie </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">3,0 / 23,1&#160;°C </td></tr> <tr> <td>&#160;- Gemiddelde jaarlikse neerslae </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">770 mm </td></tr> <tr> <td>&#160;<b>Burgemeester</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;">Luigi Brugnaro (CI) </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:1px solid #999;"> <td>&#160;<b>Amptelike webwerf</b> </td> <td style="background: #f7f8ff; text-align:center;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comune.venezia.it/"><i>comune.venezia.it</i></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Venesië</b> (<a href="/wiki/Italiaans" title="Italiaans">Italiaans</a>: <i>Venezia</i>, [veˈnɛttsja], <span class="metadata"><span class="unicode audiolink"><a href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/It-Venezia.ogg" class="internal" title="It-Venezia.ogg">luister</a></span> <span class="audiolinkinfo"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mediahulp" title="Wikipedia:Mediahulp">hulp</a>·<a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:It-Venezia.ogg" title="Lêer:It-Venezia.ogg">inligting</a>)</small></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Venesiaans" title="Venesiaans">Venesiaans</a>: <i>Venexia</i>, <i>Venèsia</i> of <i>Venezsia</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-venDic_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-venDic-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> [veˈnessi̯a]) is die <a href="/wiki/Hoofstad" title="Hoofstad">hoofstad</a> van die administratiewe gewes van <a href="/wiki/Veneto" title="Veneto">Veneto</a> in <a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB" title="Italië">Italië</a>, vorm saam met die stad van <a href="/wiki/Padua" title="Padua">Padua</a> die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metropolitaanse_gebied_van_Padua_en_Venesi%C3%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Metropolitaanse gebied van Padua en Venesië (bladsy bestaan nie)">Metropolitaanse gebied van Padua en Venesië</a>, en dra die bynaam <i>La Serenissima</i> (<i>Die Deurlugtigste</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Die ou stad (<i>Centro Storico</i>) is op 'n paar groot eilande in die halfmaanvormige <a href="/wiki/Strandmeer" title="Strandmeer">strandmeer</a> van Venesië geleë. Op die vasteland het die uitgestrekte residensiële en nywerheidsbuurte van Mestre ontstaan wat tans die oorgrote meerderheid Venesiane huisves. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Panorama_Piazza_San_Marco_and_Venice_on_Easter_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Panorama_Piazza_San_Marco_and_Venice_on_Easter_2013.jpg/220px-Panorama_Piazza_San_Marco_and_Venice_on_Easter_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Panorama_Piazza_San_Marco_and_Venice_on_Easter_2013.jpg/330px-Panorama_Piazza_San_Marco_and_Venice_on_Easter_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Panorama_Piazza_San_Marco_and_Venice_on_Easter_2013.jpg/440px-Panorama_Piazza_San_Marco_and_Venice_on_Easter_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10000" data-file-height="4454" /></a><figcaption>Venesië – die stad tussen hemel en aarde (<a href="/wiki/Francesco_Petrarca" title="Francesco Petrarca">Francesco Petrarca</a>), die vreemde droom op die water (<a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a>) – is steeds een van die visueel aantreklikste metropole op aarde (<a href="/wiki/Peter_Ackroyd" title="Peter Ackroyd">Peter Ackroyd</a>). <br /> 'n Besoek aan Venesië was een van die mees wonderlike ervarings vir Middeleeuse waarnemers. Die konstruksiemetodes, wat vir hierdie wonderwerk van Italiaanse boukuns gebruik is, is net so uniek soos sy ligging. Die stad se fondamente rus op 'n versonke bos van miljoene bome wat in Veneto gekap en na die strandmeer vervoer is. Die houtpale het onder water keihard geword en sal sonder <a href="/wiki/Suurstof" title="Suurstof">suurstoftoevoer</a> nie maklik verweer of verrot nie</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Venice_city_landscape_at_sunrise_(8121353366).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Venice_city_landscape_at_sunrise_%288121353366%29.jpg/220px-Venice_city_landscape_at_sunrise_%288121353366%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Venice_city_landscape_at_sunrise_%288121353366%29.jpg/330px-Venice_city_landscape_at_sunrise_%288121353366%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Venice_city_landscape_at_sunrise_%288121353366%29.jpg/440px-Venice_city_landscape_at_sunrise_%288121353366%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3176" /></a><figcaption>Uitsig oor die eiland San Giorgio Maggiore in die vroeë oggendure</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Aristocrat_costumes_San_Marco_(Unsplash).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Aristocrat_costumes_San_Marco_%28Unsplash%29.jpg/220px-Aristocrat_costumes_San_Marco_%28Unsplash%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Aristocrat_costumes_San_Marco_%28Unsplash%29.jpg/330px-Aristocrat_costumes_San_Marco_%28Unsplash%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Aristocrat_costumes_San_Marco_%28Unsplash%29.jpg/440px-Aristocrat_costumes_San_Marco_%28Unsplash%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4267" data-file-height="2845" /></a><figcaption>Die Venesiaanse adel (die foto wys 'n karnavaltoneel met historiese kostuums) het daarin geslaag om 'n republikeinse onafhanklikheidsideaal te verwesenlik. Met die ondergang van hul republiek in 1797 het Venesiane hul stad omgeskep in 'n wêreldsentrum van kultuur en vermaak. 'n Besoek aan Venesië was een van die hoogtepunte van die <a href="/wiki/Grand_Tour" title="Grand Tour">Grand Tour</a> wat jong Britse adellikes in die 19de eeu deur Europa onderneem het</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Cruiseship_passing_Venice.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Cruiseship_passing_Venice.JPG/220px-Cruiseship_passing_Venice.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Cruiseship_passing_Venice.JPG/330px-Cruiseship_passing_Venice.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Cruiseship_passing_Venice.JPG/440px-Cruiseship_passing_Venice.JPG 2x" data-file-width="7135" data-file-height="4006" /></a><figcaption>In die 20ste en 21ste eeu het die motorisering van privaat bootvervoer en massatoerisme met jaarliks sowat dertig miljoen besoekers 'n seën en vloek vir Venesiane geword. Motor- en plesierbote besoedel die water en berokken met hul golwe en vibrasies ernstige skade aan die fondamente van geboue. Daarnaas veroorsaak elke groot <a href="/wiki/Plesierboot" title="Plesierboot">plesierboot</a> dieselfde hoeveelheid skadelike uitlaatgasse soos 14&#160;000 motors<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Palazzo_Cavalli-Franchetti_WB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Palazzo_Cavalli-Franchetti_WB.jpg/220px-Palazzo_Cavalli-Franchetti_WB.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Palazzo_Cavalli-Franchetti_WB.jpg/330px-Palazzo_Cavalli-Franchetti_WB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Palazzo_Cavalli-Franchetti_WB.jpg/440px-Palazzo_Cavalli-Franchetti_WB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="2820" /></a><figcaption>Palazzo Cavalli-Franchetti, Canal Grande. Op die oog af lyk Venesië met sy indrukwekkende fasades soos 'n stad wat van marmer en kosbare steensoorte gebou is. Nogtans is dit 'n treflike voorbeeld van <a href="/wiki/Baksteen" title="Baksteen">baksteenboukuns</a> volgens die tradisies wat uit die Romeinse tydperk oorgeërf is</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Teatro_La_Fenice,_Venice.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Teatro_La_Fenice%2C_Venice.jpg/220px-Teatro_La_Fenice%2C_Venice.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Teatro_La_Fenice%2C_Venice.jpg/330px-Teatro_La_Fenice%2C_Venice.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Teatro_La_Fenice%2C_Venice.jpg/440px-Teatro_La_Fenice%2C_Venice.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6003" data-file-height="4185" /></a><figcaption>Nuwejaarskonsert in die <i>Teatro La Fenice</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Oor die eeue heen het Venesiane hier 'n unieke wêreld van hul eie geskep wat in baie opsigte – leefstyl, taal, argitektuur, kookkuns, modes en volkskarakter – merkbaar van ander Italiaanse stede en streke verskil. Hul leefwêreld bestaan uit 'n labirint van klein en groot kanale, met 118 bewoonde en onbewoonde eilande wat oor die loop van tyd 'n verskeidenheid funksies vervul het – as skuilplekke, vestings, <a href="/wiki/Klooster" title="Klooster">kloosters</a>, lasarette, kampe vir melaatses, kwarantyn-stasies vir slagoffers van die pes, groentetuine of werkswinkels vir tradisionele ambagte soos <a href="/wiki/Glas" title="Glas">glasvervaardiging</a>. Die eerste vaste verbinding per spoor met die vasteland het eers in 1846 ontstaan, maar bote bly steeds die belangrikste vervoermiddel. Motors is uit die historiese kernstad verban. </p><p>Die historiese beginpunt van die Venesiaanse wêreld val saam met die ineenstorting en ondergang van 'n ander. In die 5de eeu n.C. het die Romeinse paaie, wat die welvarende gebiede van Noord-Italië met ander dele van die <a href="/wiki/Romeinse_Ryk" title="Romeinse Ryk">Romeinse Ryk</a> verbind het, maklike toegangsroetes geword vir barbaarse veroweraars wat verwoesting gesaai het – <a href="/wiki/Vandale_(volk)" title="Vandale (volk)">Vandale</a> en Oos-Gote op hul pad na <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hunne" title="Hunne">Hunne</a> onder <a href="/wiki/Attila_die_Hun" title="Attila die Hun">Attila</a> (vanaf 452) en <a href="/wiki/Germane" title="Germane">Germaanse</a> <a href="/wiki/Langobarde" class="mw-redirect" title="Langobarde">Langobarde</a> (vanaf 568). Toe die Romeinse administratiewe en militêre strukture in 'n stormloop van invallers verbrokkel het, het die Venesiaanse strandmeer 'n skuilplek geword vir agtereenvolgende golwe van vlugtelinge wat hier 'n eenvoudige bestaan gevoer het as vissers, soutmakers, groenteboere en skeepvaarders. </p><p>Vanaf die legendariese stadstigting in 421, en met die <a href="/wiki/Bisantynse_Ryk" title="Bisantynse Ryk">Bisantynse Ryk</a> as vroeë beskermheer, het Venesië deur die eeue algaande gegroei tot een van vier stadstate in Italië (naas <a href="/wiki/Genua" title="Genua">Genua</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pisa" title="Pisa">Pisa</a> en <a href="/wiki/Amalfi" title="Amalfi">Amalfi</a>) wat as <i>Repubbliche Marinare</i> of historiese Seerepublieke mekaar die heerskappy ter see en die daarmee gepaard gaande handel en politieke invloed in die Middellandse Seegebied betwis het. Die Seerepublieke het hul bloeitydperk gedurende die <a href="/wiki/Middeleeue" title="Middeleeue">Middeleeue</a> beleef. </p><p>Venesië was tot 1797 die hoofstad van die <a href="/wiki/Republiek_Venesi%C3%AB" title="Republiek Venesië">Republiek Venesië</a>, een van die belangrikste politieke en ekonomiese rolspelers in die destydse <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a>, en was ook met sy meer as 180 000 inwoners een van die grootste Europese stede. Tot en met die 16de eeu was dit een van die grootste handelspilpunte vir die hele vasteland; met sterk handelsbetrekkinge tussen Wes-Europa en die oostelike <a href="/wiki/Middellandse_See" title="Middellandse See">Middellandse See</a>. Venesië het ook oor die meeste handel- en oorlogskepe beskik. Die adelklas het munt geslaan uit die handeldryf met weeldegoedere, kruie en <a href="/wiki/Spesery" title="Spesery">speserye</a>, sout en <a href="/wiki/Koring" title="Koring">koring</a>. </p><p>Venesië het ontpop tot die grootste geldmagsentrum en (saam met <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>) die bakermat van moderne <a href="/wiki/Kapitalisme" title="Kapitalisme">kapitalisme</a> wat met sy nuutontwikkelde bankstelsel ekonomiese aktiwiteite deur lenings gestimuleer het. Venesië was heerser oor 'n koloniale ryk langs sy handelsroetes, die <i>Stato da Màr</i>, wat tot by <a href="/wiki/Kreta" title="Kreta">Kreta</a> gestrek het en vir 'n tydjie lank ook <a href="/wiki/Siprus" title="Siprus">Siprus</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> en uitgestrekte besittings op die Italiaanse vasteland, die <i>Terraferma</i>, met 'n bevolking wat in taal, kultuur en geloof nou verwant was aan die Venesiane. </p><p>Na afloop van die Franse en <a href="/wiki/Oostenryk" title="Oostenryk">Oostenrykse</a> oorheersing tussen 1798 en 1866 word die stad deel van Italië. In 1929 word die nywerheidskompleks Mestre-Marghera by die <i>Comune di Venezia</i> ingelyf. Tydens die <a href="/wiki/Tweede_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Tweede Wêreldoorlog">Tweede Wêreldoorlog</a> word die Jode vervolg en verdelg. In die jare 1965 tot 1970 sit die stad met byna 370&#160;000 stadsinwoners, die hoogste in die geskiedenis. Sedertdien het hierdie getal met meer as 100&#160;000 siele verminder. Venesië en sy <a href="/wiki/Strandmeer" title="Strandmeer">strandmeer</a> is in <a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a> deur <a href="/wiki/Unesco" title="Unesco">Unesco</a> as <a href="/wiki/W%C3%AArelderfenisgebied" title="Wêrelderfenisgebied">wêrelderfenisgebied</a> gelys.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Al is Venesië se historiese sentrum ’n eersterangse <a href="/wiki/Toerisme" title="Toerisme">toeristebestemming</a>, trek veral groot internasionale en Italiaanse ondernemings uit die toerismesektor, wat nie hul setel in die stad het nie en min bydra tot sy belastinginkomste, die grootste voordeel uit die besoekerstroom wat in 2018 tot 33 miljoen gegroei het. Terwyl Venesië die benodigde infrastruktuur vir massatoerisme moet verskaf (soos vullisverwydering), het dit 'n negatiewe uitwerking op Venesiane se daaglikse lewe. So word talle woonstelle op onwettige wyse as toeristeverblyf verhuur, terwyl daar intussen 'n gebrek aan nodige infrastruktuurgeriewe vir die krimpende permanente bevolking soos winkels, skole en mediese sorg is. </p><p>Vanaf Mei 2019 sal toeriste, wat met openbare vervoermiddels in Venesië aankom, €3 ekstra saam met hul kaartjie betaal. Hierdie belasting sal stapsgewys verhoog word tot tussen €5 en €10, afhangende van die kategorie waarin ’n toeris geplaas word. Gaste met hotelverblyf sal minder belasting hoef te betaal as dagbesoekers.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Die provinsiale Lega Nord-regering is gekant teen hierdie belasting en pleit vir 'n beperking van die besoekerstroom. </p><p>Die nywerheidsentrum is meer op die vasteland in die weste gekonsentreerd, veral rondom <a href="/wiki/Mestre" title="Mestre">Mestre</a> en Marghera. Hier het petrochemiese aanlegte ontstaan wat 'n konstante bedreiging vir die strandmeer se gevoelige ekostelsel inhou. </p><p>In die <i>Centro storico</i> het die grootskaalse privatiseringsbeleid, waarin 'n groep bou-ondernemings (waaronder maatskappye waarin die invloedryke Benetton-familie belange het) 'n sentrale rol speel, aan Venesië onder die vorige stadsregering die bynaam <i>Benettown</i> besorg. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etimologie">Etimologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Etimologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Etimologie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beide die stadsnaam "Venesië" en die streeksnaam <a href="/wiki/Veneto" title="Veneto">Veneto</a> is afgelei van die antieke volk <a href="/wiki/Veneters" title="Veneters">Veneters</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografie">Geografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Geografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Geografie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ligging">Ligging</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Ligging" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Ligging"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die totale oppervlak van Venesië beslaan 414,6&#160;km², waarvan 257,7&#160;km² aan wateroppervlak afgestaan moet word.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Op 31 Desember 2016 het Venesië 'n bevolking van 261&#160;905 inwoners, waarvan 181&#160;883 in die stadswyke op die vasteland, 58&#160;901 in die ou stad self en 29&#160;674 binne die strandmeergebied bly.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Op 31 Desember 2018 het die getal na altesaam 260&#160;520 stadsbewoners gedaal. Die strandmeer het 118 eilande.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Dit strek oor omtrent 50&#160;km tussen die Adigeriviermonding in die suide en die Piaveriviermonding in die noorde in die <a href="/wiki/Adriatiese_See" title="Adriatiese See">Adriatiese See</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geologie">Geologie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Geologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Geologie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Venice_Old_Town_Lagoon_Aerial_View.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Venice_Old_Town_Lagoon_Aerial_View.jpg/220px-Venice_Old_Town_Lagoon_Aerial_View.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Venice_Old_Town_Lagoon_Aerial_View.jpg/330px-Venice_Old_Town_Lagoon_Aerial_View.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Venice_Old_Town_Lagoon_Aerial_View.jpg/440px-Venice_Old_Town_Lagoon_Aerial_View.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption>Lugfoto van die ou stad van Venesië, die <i>Centro Storico</i>, met die kronkelende <i><a href="/wiki/Canal_Grande" title="Canal Grande">Canal Grande</a></i>, die laaste gedeelte van die Brenta-rivierloop wat tot die hoofaar van <a href="/wiki/Watervervoer" title="Watervervoer">watervervoer</a> ontwikkel is</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:SSJ100_CityJet_by_Katsuhiko_Tokunaga_(28182659091).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/SSJ100_CityJet_by_Katsuhiko_Tokunaga_%2828182659091%29.jpg/220px-SSJ100_CityJet_by_Katsuhiko_Tokunaga_%2828182659091%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/SSJ100_CityJet_by_Katsuhiko_Tokunaga_%2828182659091%29.jpg/330px-SSJ100_CityJet_by_Katsuhiko_Tokunaga_%2828182659091%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/SSJ100_CityJet_by_Katsuhiko_Tokunaga_%2828182659091%29.jpg/440px-SSJ100_CityJet_by_Katsuhiko_Tokunaga_%2828182659091%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1918" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>'n <a href="/wiki/Soechoi_Superjet_100" title="Soechoi Superjet 100">Soechoi Superjet 100</a> vlieg teen sononder oor die Venesiaanse strandmeer. Venesië se Marco Polo-lughawe is die derde besigste in Italië met weekliks sowat 1&#160;000 vlugte</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Alluvione_di_Venezia_del_1966.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Alluvione_di_Venezia_del_1966.jpg/220px-Alluvione_di_Venezia_del_1966.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Alluvione_di_Venezia_del_1966.jpg/330px-Alluvione_di_Venezia_del_1966.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Alluvione_di_Venezia_del_1966.jpg/440px-Alluvione_di_Venezia_del_1966.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="689" /></a><figcaption>Die vloedramp van 4 November 1966 – die oorstroomde Sint Markusplein</figcaption></figure> <p>Die heel eerste dorpies wat mettertyd aan mekaar vas gegroei het om Venesië tot stand te bring, is in 'n moerasland geleë. Hierdie moerasland het sy ontstaan te danke aan die werking van riviere wat na die <a href="/wiki/Ystydperk" title="Ystydperk">Ystydperk</a> ontspruit het. Die strandmeer, wat by die riviermondings ontstaan het, beslaan vandag omtrent 550&#160;km² (waarvan sowat 'n tiende bevaarbaar is) en word deur 'n 60&#160;km-lange duinrand (sandbanke) van die Adriatiese See geskei. Slegs sowat drie persent van hierdie oppervlak is eilande; die res bestaan uit drassige moddervlaktes en moerasland, die <a href="/wiki/Barena" title="Barena">barene</a> wat meer as 90&#160;km² beslaan, asook die visveld van ongeveer 92&#160;km², ook bekend as die <i>Valli da pesca</i>. Natuurlike kanale, wat bekend staan as die <a href="/wiki/Ghebo" title="Ghebo">ghebi</a>, loop soos are deur die barene. Destyds in 1900 was die Barene meer as 250&#160;km² in omvang. In teenstelling tot die dikwels oorstroomde barene het die <a href="/wiki/Velma" title="Velma">velme</a> net hier en daar bietjie plantegroei.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Die strandmeer het omstreeks 4000&#160;v.C. ontstaan weens die stroomvragafsetting van die Brenta en ander riviere en stroompies uit Noord-Italië by die riviermondings. Hierdie riviersediment toon 'n <a href="/wiki/Laat_Pleistoseen" title="Laat Pleistoseen">Laat Pleistoseense</a> grondlaag wat hoofsaaklik uit leem en sand bestaan, wat tussen 5 en 20&#160;m dik is.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Tydens die laaste Ystydperk was die seevlak 120&#160;m laer as in die jaar 2012, maar was omstreeks 5000&#160;v.C. so 'n rapsie hoër, so om en by 110&#160;m. Sedertdien het die seevlak, te midde van die sterk stygings en dalings, geleidelik aanhou styg. </p><p>Die seevlak rondom Venesië was in 400 n.C. maar 1,9&#160;meter laer as dié in die jaar 1897.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Vanaf die Hoog-Middeleeue het die strandmeer ingrypende veranderinge ondergaan, soos rivieromleiding<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> om die waterstand te reguleer en sedimentering (soos versanding) te verhoed. Sedert die aanvang van die 20ste eeu word heelwat kanale verdiep en verbreed, wat op sy beurt aansienlik meer soutwater in die strandmeer stort en verhoogde stroomversnelling teweegbring. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Klimaat">Klimaat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Klimaat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Klimaat"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Venice_7_(14578032212).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Venice_7_%2814578032212%29.jpg/220px-Venice_7_%2814578032212%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Venice_7_%2814578032212%29.jpg/330px-Venice_7_%2814578032212%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Venice_7_%2814578032212%29.jpg/440px-Venice_7_%2814578032212%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Venesië en Veneto se gemiddelde reënval is hoër as dié van die meeste ander streke in Italië. Reën kan op enige gegewe dag van die jaar val – en 'n seën vir die fotograaf wees wanneer nat pleine en fasades die laaste sonlig in 'n magdom kleure weerkaats. Venesiaanse sonondergange ná 'n reënbui was een van die gunstelingmotiewe van die befaamde skilder Canaletto (1697–1768)</figcaption></figure> <p>Venesië is in die gematigde klimaatsone geleë. Die gemiddelde jaartemperatuur is 13,5&#160;ºC. Die warmste maande is Julie en Augustus, met gemiddelde temperature van onderskeidelik 23,1 en 22,6&#160;°C. Die koudste maand is Januarie met 3,0&#160;ºC. Die gemiddelde verwagte dagtemperatuur in Julie en Augustus is 27&#160;ºC. Weens die dikwels bedompige somerweer is lente en herfs die mees aangename seisoene vir besoekers. Maar ook die Venesiaanse winter, die rustigste tyd van die jaar sonder die toeristemassas, het sy eie bekoring, met missluiers wat 'n besondere atmosfeer skep. Na Venesië se wit, deurskynende mis (Italiaans: <i>nebbia</i>) word in Venesiaans as <i>caligo</i> of <i>caigo</i> verwys. Die hoë relatiewe <a href="/wiki/Humiditeit" title="Humiditeit">humiditeit</a> (sowat 79 persent in November) kan egter – net soos gedurende warm weerstoestande – ook in die wintermaande as onaangenaam ervaar word. </p><p>Die strandmeer van Venesië word deur die seeklimaat van die noordelike <a href="/wiki/Adriatiese_See" title="Adriatiese See">Adriatiese See</a> geraak. Die meeste neerslag sak gewoonlik in die loop van die laatsomer uit, omdat die kontinentale klimaat van die Oos-Europese vasteland, by name die <a href="/wiki/Karpate" title="Karpate">Karpate</a> (Bora-winde), die weersomstandighede aan die suidekant van die Sentraal-Europese <a href="/wiki/Alpe" title="Alpe">Alpe</a> omkeer. Die gemiddelde jaarlikse neerslag is binne die bereik van 770&#160;mm. Die meeste neerslag val in November (gemiddeld 86&#160;mm), die minste in Januarie (53&#160;mm).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable collapsible" style="color:black;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14" style="background-color:#eeeeee; text-align:center; font-size:90%;"><span style="white-space:nowrap">Weergegewens vir Venesië</span> </th></tr> <tr style="font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee;"> <th>Maand </th> <th title="Januarie" style="width:3em">Jan </th> <th title="Februarie" style="width:3em">Feb </th> <th title="Maart" style="width:3em">Mar </th> <th title="April" style="width:3em">Apr </th> <th title="Mei" style="width:3em">Mei </th> <th title="Junie" style="width:3em">Jun </th> <th title="Julie" style="width:3em">Jul </th> <th title="Augustus" style="width:3em">Aug </th> <th title="September" style="width:3em">Sep </th> <th title="Oktober" style="width:3em">Okt </th> <th title="November" style="width:3em">Nov </th> <th title="Desember" style="width:3em">Des </th> <th style="width:4em; border-left-width:medium;">Jaar </th></tr> <tr> <th style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee;">Gemiddelde maksimum (°C) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFA0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">6,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">8,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFE060; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">12,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">16,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF8000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">21,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF6000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">25,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF4000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">28,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF4000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">27,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FF6000; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">24,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">18,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFE060; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">12,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFA0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">7,0 </td> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%; border-left-width:medium;">17,0 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee;">Gemiddelde minimum (°C) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background: #000080; color:#&lt;strong class=">–1,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">1,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFC0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">4,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">8,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFE060; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">12,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">16,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">18,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">17,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">14,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">9,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFC0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">4,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">0,0 </td> <th style="text-align:center; background: #FFFF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%; border-left-width:medium;">8,5 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" height="5"> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee;">Neerslag (mm) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background: #8CA0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">58,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #8CA0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">54,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #8CA0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">57,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #788CFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">64,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #788CFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">69,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #6478FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">76,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #788CFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">63,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #5064FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">83,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #788CFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">66,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #788CFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">69,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #5064FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">87,0 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #8CA0FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">54,0 </td> <th style="text-align:center; background-color: #788CFF; color:#000000; font-size:85%; border-left-width:medium;">800,0 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee;">Sonskynure (<a href="/wiki/Uur" title="Uur">u</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dag" title="Dag">d</a>) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFA0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">4 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">5 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFE060; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">6 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">7 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">8 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFA020; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">9 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">8 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFC040; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">7 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFF80; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">5 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFA0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFFFA0; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">3 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #FFE060; color:#000000; font-size:85%;; border-left-width:medium;"><b>5,7</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; font-size:90%; background-color:#eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Humiditeit" title="Humiditeit">Humiditeit</a> (<a href="/wiki/Persentasie" title="Persentasie">%</a>) </th> <td style="text-align:center; background: #5064FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">81 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #6478FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">77 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #6478FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">75 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #6478FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">75 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #6478FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">73 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #6478FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">74 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #6478FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">71 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #6478FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">72 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #6478FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">75 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #6478FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">77 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #6478FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">79 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #5064FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;">81 </td> <td style="text-align:center; background: #6478FF; color:#000000; font-size:85%;; border-left-width:medium;"><b>75,8 </b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center; font-size:88%; background-color:#F5F5F5; color:black;"><i>Bron: ilMeteo<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Die_vloedramp_van_4_November_1966">Die vloedramp van 4 November 1966</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Die vloedramp van 4 November 1966" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Die vloedramp van 4 November 1966"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die groot vloedramp, wat Venesië op 4 November 1966 getref het, was die gevolg van 'n uitsonderlike kombinasie van omstandighede. 'n Suidoosterstorm teen volmaan, wat deur scirocco-winde uit die <a href="/wiki/Sahara-woestyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahara-woestyn">Sahara-woestyn</a> versterk is, het drie Alpynse riviere, wat in die Venesiaanse strandmeer uitmond, oor hul oewers laat vloei. Die oorstromings het die natuurlike siklus van getye versteur sodat die historiese middestad en omliggende eilande vier-en-twintig uur lank byna twee meter hoog oorstroom is. </p><p>Die vloedwater het groot skade by seewalle berokken en geboue, tuine, velde en waardevolle kunsskatte vernietig, terwyl inwoners in hul wonings en op dakke vasgekeer was. Die vloedgolf het sestienduisend woonstelle op grondvloervlak onbewoonbaar en vyfduisend Venesiane dakloos gelaat. Die tragiese gebeure word as een van die hoofoorsake vir Venesië se krimpende bevolking beskou. Al is die stad al eeue lank deur hoogwater of <i>acqua alta</i> gepla, was die oorstromings van 1966 op 'n skaal wat ongekend was in die geskiedenis en moes die stad se kwesbare en komplekse topografie, saam met die moontlikheid van verdere vloedrampe, deur baie inwoners as 'n ernstige bedreiging beskou word.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diere-_en_plantelewe">Diere- en plantelewe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: Diere- en plantelewe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Diere- en plantelewe"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die noordelike deel van die 550&#160;km²-groot strandmeer wat omtrent 418&#160;km² groot is, naby <a href="/wiki/Torcello" title="Torcello">Torcello</a>, bestaan hoofsaaklik uit varswater en word skaars tydens getywisseling geraak.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Dit staan daarom bekend as die <i>laguna morta</i> (dooie strandmeer). Die soutwaterstrandmeer se waterstand wissel na gelang van die eb en vloed soos die seewater sterker deurgespoel word, en word daarom die <i>laguna viva</i> (lewende strandmeer) genoem. Die <a href="/wiki/Barena" title="Barena">barene</a> is die teelaarde vir 'n verskeidenheid spesies, maar word al hoe kleiner. Vroeër het die barene in 1900 nog 20 persent van die strandmeeroppervlakte beslaan, reeds in 1930 begin verklein tot 13 persent<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> en in 2013 was daar sprake van net 47,5&#160;km² wat oorgebly het.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Toe daar in die jare 1960 'n ander nywerheidsgebied ontwikkel sou word, het die <i>Casse di colmata</i> ('opgevulde kiste'), soos die gebied bekend gestaan het, geen ekonomiese nut meer in die vooruitsig gehad nie. Gevolglik het die gebied die stortingsterrein van modder en <a href="/wiki/Beton" title="Beton">beton</a> geword tydens die uitgrawing van die <a href="/wiki/Petrolikanaal" title="Petrolikanaal">Petrolikanaal</a> (waarmee die olie vanaf die hawe in Malamocco vervoer word tot by die raffinaderye in Marghera) – en nuwe eilande het ontstaan wat gemiddeld 2&#160;m bo die water uitsteek. Weens die katastrofiese oorstroming op 4 November 1966 loop die projek kwaai onder kritiek deur, word gestaak in 1969 en kom in 1973 tot 'n definitiewe einde. Tans het hierdie gebied met 'n kern van 11,54&#160;km²<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 'n trekpleister vir trekvoëls geword. Die <a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAreldnatuurlewefonds" title="Wêreldnatuurlewefonds">Wêreldnatuurlewefonds</a> het hierdie gebied tot een van die belangrikste bewaringsgebiede vir trekvoëls in Europa verklaar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stadsuitleg,_ligging_en_ordening"><span id="Stadsuitleg.2C_ligging_en_ordening"></span>Stadsuitleg, ligging en ordening</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Wysig afdeling: Stadsuitleg, ligging en ordening" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Stadsuitleg, ligging en ordening"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Palazzo_Corner_della_Ca%27_Granda_Canal_Grande_Venezia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Palazzo_Corner_della_Ca%27_Granda_Canal_Grande_Venezia.jpg/220px-Palazzo_Corner_della_Ca%27_Granda_Canal_Grande_Venezia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Palazzo_Corner_della_Ca%27_Granda_Canal_Grande_Venezia.jpg/330px-Palazzo_Corner_della_Ca%27_Granda_Canal_Grande_Venezia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Palazzo_Corner_della_Ca%27_Granda_Canal_Grande_Venezia.jpg/440px-Palazzo_Corner_della_Ca%27_Granda_Canal_Grande_Venezia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912" /></a><figcaption>Die 16de eeuse <i>Palazzo Corner della Ca' Granda</i> aan die Canal Grande huisves die metropolitane regering, bestaande uit die burgemeester (<i>Sindaco metropolitano</i>) en raad (<i>Consiglio metropolitano</i>)</figcaption></figure> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 315px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 310px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Map_of_comune_of_Venice_(province_of_Venice,_region_Veneto,_Italy).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ligging van die grootstad (voorheen provinsie) Venesië (Città Metropolitana di Venezia) met &#39;n oppervlakte van 2&#160;472,91&#160;km2 en &#39;n bevolking van sowat 854&#160;000"><img alt="Ligging van die grootstad (voorheen provinsie) Venesië (Città Metropolitana di Venezia) met &#39;n oppervlakte van 2&#160;472,91&#160;km2 en &#39;n bevolking van sowat 854&#160;000" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Map_of_comune_of_Venice_%28province_of_Venice%2C_region_Veneto%2C_Italy%29.svg/180px-Map_of_comune_of_Venice_%28province_of_Venice%2C_region_Veneto%2C_Italy%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Map_of_comune_of_Venice_%28province_of_Venice%2C_region_Veneto%2C_Italy%29.svg/269px-Map_of_comune_of_Venice_%28province_of_Venice%2C_region_Veneto%2C_Italy%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Map_of_comune_of_Venice_%28province_of_Venice%2C_region_Veneto%2C_Italy%29.svg/359px-Map_of_comune_of_Venice_%28province_of_Venice%2C_region_Veneto%2C_Italy%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4120" data-file-height="4131" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ligging van die grootstad (voorheen provinsie) Venesië (<i>Città Metropolitana di Venezia</i>) met 'n oppervlakte van 2&#160;472,91&#160;km<sup>2</sup> en 'n bevolking van sowat 854&#160;000</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 315px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 310px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Venezia_-_mappa_municipalit%C3%A0.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Stadswyke van die Munisipaliteit Venesië (Comune di Venezia) met &#39;n oppervlakte van 415,9&#160;km2 en &#39;n bevolking van 260&#160;923"><img alt="Stadswyke van die Munisipaliteit Venesië (Comune di Venezia) met &#39;n oppervlakte van 415,9&#160;km2 en &#39;n bevolking van 260&#160;923" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Venezia_-_mappa_municipalit%C3%A0.png/171px-Venezia_-_mappa_municipalit%C3%A0.png" decoding="async" width="171" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Venezia_-_mappa_municipalit%C3%A0.png/256px-Venezia_-_mappa_municipalit%C3%A0.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Venezia_-_mappa_municipalit%C3%A0.png/341px-Venezia_-_mappa_municipalit%C3%A0.png 2x" data-file-width="367" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Stadswyke van die Munisipaliteit Venesië (<i>Comune di Venezia</i>) met 'n oppervlakte van 415,9&#160;km<sup>2</sup> en 'n bevolking van 260&#160;923</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 315px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 310px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Sestieri_di_Venezia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Die historiese kernstad van Venesië (Centro storico) beslaan sowat 7,98&#160;km2 en word sedert die 12de eeu in ses sesteri of stadsdele verdeel – drie elk aan weerskante van die Canal Grande. Die bevolking het gedaal tot 53&#160;976 in 2017."><img alt="Die historiese kernstad van Venesië (Centro storico) beslaan sowat 7,98&#160;km2 en word sedert die 12de eeu in ses sesteri of stadsdele verdeel – drie elk aan weerskante van die Canal Grande. Die bevolking het gedaal tot 53&#160;976 in 2017." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Sestieri_di_Venezia.svg/280px-Sestieri_di_Venezia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Sestieri_di_Venezia.svg/420px-Sestieri_di_Venezia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Sestieri_di_Venezia.svg/560px-Sestieri_di_Venezia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="462" data-file-height="273" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Die historiese kernstad van Venesië (<i>Centro storico</i>) beslaan sowat 7,98&#160;km<sup>2</sup> en word sedert die 12de eeu in ses <i>sesteri</i> of stadsdele verdeel – drie elk aan weerskante van die <i>Canal Grande</i>. Die bevolking het gedaal tot 53&#160;976 in 2017.</div> </li> </ul> <p>Venesië is – as <i>Città Metropolitana di Venezia</i> – een van veertien Italiaanse metropolitaanse stede wat in die politieke en administratiewe hiërargie aan provinsies gelykgestel is. Die metropolitaanse stad Venesië sluit Venesië met die omliggende munisipaliteite en stadswyke in en is die regsopvolger van die provinsie (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Venezia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Venezia (bladsy bestaan nie)">Venezia</a>), wat geleë was in die Noord-Italiaanse streek <a href="/wiki/Veneto" title="Veneto">Veneto</a>. Dit volg nadat die Wet 142/1990 op die hervorming van die plaaslike bestuursliggame bekragtig is en op 1 Januarie 2015 in werking getree het. </p><p>Die <a href="/wiki/Lega_Nord" title="Lega Nord">Lega Nord</a> as regerende party in Veneto steun planne om die historiese stad en die vastelandse stadsdele administratief van mekaar te skei – onder meer omdat die uiteenlopende belange van vastelandse en strandmeerbewoners nie maklik versoenbaar is nie. In 'n referendum, wat in 2019 gehou is, het kiesers hierdie voorstel egter verwerp. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Die_stadsdele_(sestieri)_van_Venesië"><span id="Die_stadsdele_.28sestieri.29_van_Venesi.C3.AB"></span>Die stadsdele (<i>sestieri</i>) van Venesië</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Wysig afdeling: Die stadsdele (sestieri) van Venesië" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Die stadsdele (sestieri) van Venesië"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cannaregio">Cannaregio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Wysig afdeling: Cannaregio" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Cannaregio"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Ponte_de_Gheto_Novo_(Venice).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Ponte_de_Gheto_Novo_%28Venice%29.jpg/220px-Ponte_de_Gheto_Novo_%28Venice%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Ponte_de_Gheto_Novo_%28Venice%29.jpg/330px-Ponte_de_Gheto_Novo_%28Venice%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Ponte_de_Gheto_Novo_%28Venice%29.jpg/440px-Ponte_de_Gheto_Novo_%28Venice%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><i>Ponte de Gheto Novo</i></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Canale_di_Cannaregio_verso_nord-ovest,_dal_ponte_dei_Tre_Archi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Canale_di_Cannaregio_verso_nord-ovest%2C_dal_ponte_dei_Tre_Archi.jpg/220px-Canale_di_Cannaregio_verso_nord-ovest%2C_dal_ponte_dei_Tre_Archi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Canale_di_Cannaregio_verso_nord-ovest%2C_dal_ponte_dei_Tre_Archi.jpg/330px-Canale_di_Cannaregio_verso_nord-ovest%2C_dal_ponte_dei_Tre_Archi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Canale_di_Cannaregio_verso_nord-ovest%2C_dal_ponte_dei_Tre_Archi.jpg/440px-Canale_di_Cannaregio_verso_nord-ovest%2C_dal_ponte_dei_Tre_Archi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5955" data-file-height="3698" /></a><figcaption>Die <i>Canale di Cannaregio</i> verbind die stadsdeel en die <i>Canal Grande</i> met die Venesiaanse strandmeer en die oop Adriatiese See</figcaption></figure> <p>Cannaregio is die mees noordelike en mees digbevolkte van Venesië se ses historiese stadsdele, bestaande uit 33 klein eilandjies. Die noorde van die <i>Centro storico</i>, vanaf die hoofstasie tot die kerk Santa Maria die Miracoli noordoos van die Rialtobrug, insluitende die historiese Joodse kwartier <i>Gheto</i>, maak deel uit van Cannaregio. Vir die meeste besoekers is die sestiere niks meer as 'n deurgangsroete op pad van die treinstasie na die Rialtobrug nie. Min argitektoniese besienswaardighede is in Cannaregio geleë. Die stadsdeel se bekoring lê in die oorspronklike atmosfeer van sy noordelike kwartiere met nou straatjies, klein winkels en uitstekende koffiehuise, kroeë en restaurante. In vergelyking met ander stadsdele is die persentasie woonstelle, wat aan buitelanders verkoop is en nie permanent bewoon word nie, merkbaar kleiner. So is 'n betreklik groot persentasie van Venesië se krimpende behuising hier saamgetrek. Gedurende die 1980's is op die terrein van die vroeëre vuurhoutjiefabriek <i>Saffa</i> 'n woonstelprojek met bekostigbare behuising verwesenlik. </p><p>Cannaregio se noorde was oorspronklik 'n tuinlandskap met adellike paleise, waaronder die <i>Palazzo Contarini dal Zaffo</i> en die <i>Palazzo Rizzo</i>, ambassades en die wonings van welvarende kooplui. Weens die hoë belasting op groen ruimtes het die uitgestrekte parke en tuine in die vroeë 19de eeu verdwyn. Hier het later nywerhede soos die <i>Saffa</i>-fabriek ontstaan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Stadsbeplanning">Stadsbeplanning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Wysig afdeling: Stadsbeplanning" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Stadsbeplanning"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stadsontwikkeling_in_die_19de_eeu">Stadsontwikkeling in die 19de eeu</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Wysig afdeling: Stadsontwikkeling in die 19de eeu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Stadsontwikkeling in die 19de eeu"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Castello,_30100_Venezia,_Italy_-_panoramio_(224).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Castello%2C_30100_Venezia%2C_Italy_-_panoramio_%28224%29.jpg/220px-Castello%2C_30100_Venezia%2C_Italy_-_panoramio_%28224%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Castello%2C_30100_Venezia%2C_Italy_-_panoramio_%28224%29.jpg/330px-Castello%2C_30100_Venezia%2C_Italy_-_panoramio_%28224%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Castello%2C_30100_Venezia%2C_Italy_-_panoramio_%28224%29.jpg/440px-Castello%2C_30100_Venezia%2C_Italy_-_panoramio_%28224%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4894" data-file-height="2756" /></a><figcaption>Via Garibaldi in die <i>sestiere</i> Castello. Die naam dui reeds daarop dat hierdie straat nie deel uitmaak van die historiese stadstruktuur nie – "via" kom andersins nie in Venesiaanse straatname voor nie</figcaption></figure> <p>Die Napoleontiese bewind is ingelui met die verwydering van Venesiaanse kunswerke en hulle verskeping na Parys asook die ontbinding van die meeste kloostergemeenskappe. Met Venesië se insluiting by <a href="/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoléon Bonaparte">Napoléon Bonaparte</a> se Italiaanse Koninkryk in 1806 is die Strandmeerstad deur grootskaalse modernisering geraak. Die stadsgebied is deur nuwe landaanwinningsprojekte uitgebrei waarvan een, Sacca Sant'Angelo agter die Mendigola-skiereiland, die nuwe magshebbers van 'n uitgestrekte militêre paradeveld, die <i>Campo di Marte</i>, voorsien het. </p><p>Ander landaanwinningsprojekte, soos dié in die ooste van die eiland Giudecca en in die <i>sestiere</i> Castello, waar die kloosterkomplekse van San Nicolo en San Antonio gesloop is, het die aanleg van nuwe tuine as doel gehad. Die tuine in Castello bestaan steeds as <i>Giardini Pubblici</i> of Openbare Tuine. Die eerste kanale moes plek maak vir nuwe strate. So is Castello se <i>Canale di San Pietro</i> opgevul vir die bou van die nuwe Via Garibaldi, terwyl die oewerpad <i>Riva degli Schiavoni</i> verbreed en verleng is.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neoinsularismo"><i>Neoinsularismo</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Wysig afdeling: Neoinsularismo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Neoinsularismo"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Molino_Stucky_(Venice).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Molino_Stucky_%28Venice%29.jpg/220px-Molino_Stucky_%28Venice%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Molino_Stucky_%28Venice%29.jpg/330px-Molino_Stucky_%28Venice%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Molino_Stucky_%28Venice%29.jpg/440px-Molino_Stucky_%28Venice%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Die graanmeul <i>Molino Stucky</i>, genoem na die Switserse entrepreneur Giovanni Stucky, het in die laat 19de eeu in die weste van die eiland Giudecca ontstaan. Ondanks sy Noord-Europese voorkoms – sy Neogotiese baksteenargitektuur herinner aan stoorhuise in Noord- en Oosseehawens – het die gebou Italië se grootste meul gehuisves wat as die modernste en produktiefste in Europa beskou en al vroeg geëlektrifiseer is. Dit is uitgebrei met silo's en 'n pastafabriek en het 1&#160;500 werkgeleenthede gebied. In 1939 is dit by Giuseppe Volpi se SADE-groep ingelyf. Sestien jaar later is bedrywighede in die kompleks gestaak.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 'n Tyd lank was die kompleks aan verval blootgestel. Tans huisves hierdie belangrikste monument van Venesiaanse industriële boukuns, wat sorgvuldig gerestoureer en omgebou is, 'n luukse hotel van die Hilton-groep met 'n kroeg en 'n dakterras met swembad wat oop staan vir besoekers en 'n uitsig oor Venesië bied. Die hotel het sy deure in Junie 2007 geopen</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:PiazzaFerretto12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/PiazzaFerretto12.jpg/220px-PiazzaFerretto12.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/PiazzaFerretto12.jpg/330px-PiazzaFerretto12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/PiazzaFerretto12.jpg/440px-PiazzaFerretto12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2536" data-file-height="1859" /></a><figcaption>Piazza Ferretto in Mestre. Venesiane, wat stygende huurgelde in die Centro storico nie meer kan bekostig nie, of op soek is na gerieflikhede soos 'n lewendige naglewe, hervestig hulle steeds in Mestre</figcaption></figure> <p>Venesiaanse stadsbeplanning en industrialisering gedurende die 19de en vroeë 20ste eeu was beperk tot die historiese middestad en omliggende eilande in die strandmeer. In die <i>Centro storico</i> het die modernisering van infrastruktuur en behuising ingrypende veranderinge meegebring. Onder die Oostenrykse bewind is Venesië se vorige status as belangrike Adriatiese seehawe afgeskaal namate <a href="/wiki/Tri%C3%ABst" title="Triëst">Triëst</a> tot <a href="/wiki/Oostenryk-Hongarye" title="Oostenryk-Hongarye">Oostenryk-Hongarye</a> se poort tot die wêreld uitgebou is, maar desondanks het die stad teen die middel van die 19de eeu 'n vroeë fase van industrialisering beleef wat in die 1880's merkbaar versnel het. Fabrieke het veral in die Centro storico se mees westelike randsone, veral op die eiland Giudecca, en op die eiland Murano in die noorde van die strandmeer ontstaan. </p><p>Die fase van <i>neoinsularismo</i>, wat die ekonomiese en stedelike ontwikkeling van Venesië in die historiese omgewing van die Venesiaanse strandmeer wou bevorder, het kort ná die eeuwisseling ten einde geloop toe die beperkings, wat die klein middestad en eilande aan verdere nywerheids- en behuisingsprojekte opgelê het, al hoe meer duidelik geraak het. Om deel te hê aan verdere industriële vooruitgang, was Venesië daarop aangewese om sy stedelike ontwikkeling na die vasteland uit te brei. Retrospektief beskou was hierdie veranderde konsep 'n seën vir Venesië se historiese stadsbeeld wat radikale modernisering gespaar gebly het. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uitbreiding_na_die_historiese_terraferma_of_vasteland">Uitbreiding na die historiese <i>terraferma</i> of vasteland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14" title="Wysig afdeling: Uitbreiding na die historiese terraferma of vasteland" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Uitbreiding na die historiese terraferma of vasteland"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Een van die vroegste voorstanders van die konsep van 'n Groter Venesië of Grande Venezia, wat van die vasteland tot die Lido sou strek, met 'n nuwe seehawe as spilpunt van ekonomiese vooruitgang, was die Venesiaanse militaris en politikus Piero Foscari (1865−1923) wat in 1905 naas die bou van 'n nuwe hawe ook vir die verskuiwing van swaar nywerhede na die vasteland gepleit het. Verder is voorgestel om die verouderde behuisingstruktuur van die <i>Centro storico</i> deur modernisering te verbeter en duisende Venesiane (veral uit die laer inkomstegroepe) in nuwe woonbuurte op die vasteland te hervestig om die heersende druk op die eiendomsmark (met stygende huurgeldvlakke) te verminder. Foscari se plan het voorsiening gemaak vir die herstelling van die sentrale rol wat die <i>Centro storico</i> in die tydperk van die Republiek Venesië gespeel het – as die middelpunt van 'n stedelike stelsel waarin aan die verskillende buurte gespesialiseerde funksies oorgedra sou word. </p><p>Die ekonomiese omstandighede was gunstig vir 'n radikale hersiening van Venesiaanse stadsbeplanning. Omstreeks 1900, meer as drie dekades ná die skepping van 'n Italiaanse eenheidstaat, het Venesië daarin geslaag om die ekonomiese krisis van die 19de eeu te oorkom. Die stad kon sy status as tweede belangrikste seehawe in Italië na Genua en as voorste Adriatiese hawe handhaaf. Die bestuurder van Venesië se hawe, Luciano Petit, het in sy artikel <i>Il Porto di Venezia</i>, wat op 3 Augustus 1902 in die dagblad <i>Gazzetta di Venezia</i> gepubliseer is, die bou van 'n nuwe hawebekken op die vasteland voorgestel. </p><p>Laat in 1909 is met die boubedrywighede vir 'n nuwe vastelandse seehawe naby Marghera begin. In 1911 is die beplanning aangepas deur voorsiening te maak vir 'n industriële hawe met aangrensende woonbuurte vir werkers. Die eerste fase is in 1913 voltooi, maar weens die <a href="/wiki/Eerste_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Eerste Wêreldoorlog">Eerste Wêreldoorlog</a> is boubedrywighede in die volgende jaar voorlopig gestaak. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fascistiese_stadsbeplanning_vir_Grande_Venezia">Fascistiese stadsbeplanning vir Grande Venezia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15" title="Wysig afdeling: Fascistiese stadsbeplanning vir Grande Venezia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Fascistiese stadsbeplanning vir Grande Venezia"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Foscari se konsep vir 'n groter Venesië is ná die Eerste Wêreldoorlog hervat en deur die fascistiese bewind onder Benito Mussolini verwesenlik. 'n Belangrike plaaslike dryfkrag agter die plan was die Venesiaanse nyweraar graaf Giuseppe Volpi di Misurata wat in die tydperk tussen die wêreldoorloë beslissende invloed op die openbare en politieke lewe in die Strandmeerstad uitgeoefen het. </p><p>Die uitgangspunt vir die herstrukturering van Venesië in die 1920's en 1930's was die haweprojek in Marghera. Soos reeds voor die oorlog beplan, is aan elkeen van die stadsbuurte besondere funksies binne die politieke en ekonomiese raamwerk vir Grande Venezia toegewys: </p> <ul><li>Die gerestoureerde <i>Centro storico</i> sou as die administratiewe setel en sakespilpunt van Groter Venesië fungeer, as sy toeristiese hoofbesienswaardigheid, sy kulturele sentrum en as die buurt waar luukse behuising vir welvarendes sou ontstaan.</li> <li>Nywerhede en handelsondernemings sou in die nuwe hawebuurt Marghera saamgetrek word.</li> <li>Die vastelandse Mestre sou as residensiële en sakebuurt dien.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lido_di_Venezia" title="Lido di Venezia">Lido di Venezia</a> sou uitgebou word as eksklusiewe residensiële voorstad en toeristetrekpleister.</li></ul> <p>'n Sodanige funksionele verdeling sou ondenkbaar gewees het sonder 'n doeltreffende vervoernetwerk waardeur die stadsbuurte met mekaar verbind word. Verkeersbeplanning het dus sentraal gestaan in die fascistiese ontwikkelingsplan. 'n Ander voorwaarde was die uitbreiding van die stadsgebied. Vir die Marghera-projek is die gebiede van Bottenigo en Marghera met Malcontenta reeds in 1917 by Venesië ingelyf. Ná die oorlog is Pellestrina (1923), Murano en Burano (1924) en Mestre (1926, saam met Chirignago, Farvaro en Zelarino) administratief ingesluit by die strandmeerstad. Lido di Venezia het met sy historiese nedersettings Lido, Malamocco en Alberoni reeds sedert 1883 deel uitgemaak van Venesië. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Porto_Marghera">Porto Marghera</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=16" title="Wysig afdeling: Porto Marghera" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Porto Marghera"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Il_Sole_Muore_(24786504593).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Il_Sole_Muore_%2824786504593%29.jpg/220px-Il_Sole_Muore_%2824786504593%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Il_Sole_Muore_%2824786504593%29.jpg/330px-Il_Sole_Muore_%2824786504593%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Il_Sole_Muore_%2824786504593%29.jpg/440px-Il_Sole_Muore_%2824786504593%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Sononder oor Porto Marghera</figcaption></figure> <p>Die hersiene planne vir die nuwe hawe in Marghera het voorsiening gemaak vir 'n moderne handels- en nywerheidshawe, 'n hawe waar ruolie-invoere gehanteer kon word en aangrensende industriële sones. Wes van die hawe is woonbuurte vir 30&#160;000 bewoners beplan. Die verdrag oor die oprigting van hawe en woonbuurt is op 23 Julie 1917 in Rome onderteken. Graaf Volpi het sekere voorregte ingepalm soos die eksklusiewe konsessie vir die bou van hawegeriewe. In 1926 is erwe in staatsbesit kosteloos aan hom beskikbaar gestel en sy uitgawes in verband met die onteiening van privaat eiendomme deur die staat vergoed. Ook het Volpi staatssubsidies ontvang vir sy haweprojek. Die munisipaliteit Venesië het die bou van strate en woonbuurte befonds en hulle van dienste soos riolering, water en beligting voorsien. </p><p>Volpi se kragverskaffer, die <i>Società Adriatica di Elettricità (SADE)</i>, het beleggings van Italië se grootste ondernemings deur lae elektrisiteitstariewe bevorder. Veral ondernemings uit die metaalbedryf soos die <i>Società Alluminio Veneto Anonima (SAVA)</i>, die <i>Società Lavorazione Leghe Leggere (L.L.L.)</i>, <i>ILVA</i> met staalaanlegte en <i>Monteccio</i> met lood- en sinkaanlegte het hulle hier kom vestig. Ewe belangrik was die chemiese bedryf met ondernemings soos <i>Montecatini</i> en die <i>AGIP</i>-raffinaderye, skeepsbou (<i>Cantieri Navali Breda</i> en <i>Cantieri delle Acciaierie di Venezia</i>) en voedselverwerking (<i>Chiari &amp; Forti S.A. Molini</i>). Hawegeriewe, wat met die Noord-Italiaanse rivierstelsel verbind is, en verwerkende nywerhede was in staat om onverwerkte goedere te verwerk en te veredel voordat hulle na hul bestemmings vervoer is. Vir die fascistiese bewind was Marghera se belangrikheid nie beperk tot die industrialisering van Venesië nie. Dit het ook strategiese waarde gehad in die bewind se strewe na ekonomiese outarkie. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Residensiële_buurte_in_Mestre_en_Marghera"><span id="Residensi.C3.ABle_buurte_in_Mestre_en_Marghera"></span>Residensiële buurte in Mestre en Marghera</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=17" title="Wysig afdeling: Residensiële buurte in Mestre en Marghera" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Residensiële buurte in Mestre en Marghera"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vir die nuwe woonbuurte in Marghera, wat volgens planne van die ingenieur Pietro Emilio Emmer ontstaan het, het onder andere Engelse <a href="/wiki/Tuinstad" title="Tuinstad">tuinstede</a> as voorbeeld gedien. In die tydperk tot 1940 is meer as 600 woonstelgeboue voltooi. Anders as beplan het nie net Venesiane uit die digbevolkte <i>Centro storico</i> aangetrokke gevoel tot die nuwe woonbuurte nie. Ook baie bewoners van ander munisipalieite het begin om hierheen te verhuis. </p><p>Die bevolking van Mestre het eweneens vinnig gegroei, van 11&#160;000 in 1901 tot 22&#160;000 in 1916 en 40&#160;000 in 1935. As oorspronklik selfstandige nedersetting het Mestre kort voor lank 'n periferiese buurt van Venesië geword wat deur padbouprojekte in die Strandmeerstad se vervoernetwerk geïntegreer is. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Centro_storico_en_Lido"><i>Centro storico</i> en Lido</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=18" title="Wysig afdeling: Centro storico en Lido" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Centro storico en Lido"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Venice_Grand_Canal_(36307754951).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Venice_Grand_Canal_%2836307754951%29.jpg/220px-Venice_Grand_Canal_%2836307754951%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Venice_Grand_Canal_%2836307754951%29.jpg/330px-Venice_Grand_Canal_%2836307754951%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Venice_Grand_Canal_%2836307754951%29.jpg/440px-Venice_Grand_Canal_%2836307754951%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1805" /></a><figcaption>'n Nagtelike uitsig oor die Canal Grande</figcaption></figure> <p>Die <i>Centro storico</i> het in die proses sommige van sy stedelike funksies aan die periferie afgestaan. Op nasionale en internasionale vlak is sy status nogtans verhef tot dié van 'n eersterangse spilpunt van wêreldtoerisme en kultuur. Toerisme het gevorder tot die hoofbron van inkomste in die historiese middestad. </p><p>Venesië se reputasie as internasionale kunsmetropool is gevestig met die kunsuitstalling Biënnale. Die <i>Esposizione Biennale Internazionale dell'Arte</i> is vanaf 1928 as permanente kunsskou gehou en het drie jaar later outonome regstatus verwerf – onder voorsitterskap van graaf Volpi. Die Biënnale se status as kunsuitstalling van nasionale rang het beteken dat die fascistiese regering in Rome regstreeks invloed daarop uitgeoefen het. Sy kunnsprektrum is bestendig uitgebrei deur die insluiting van musiek, film- en toneelkuns. So is vanaf 1930 ook 'n <i>Festival della musica contemporanea</i> gehou, gevolg deur die filmfees <i>Mostra internazionale d'arte cinematografica</i> (vanaf 1932) en die <i>Festival del Teatro</i> (vanaf 1934). </p><p>In die tydperk tussen die wêreldoorloë is die Biënnale se uitstalterrein in die <i>Giardini Pubblichi</i> uitgebou, onder meer deur die oprigting van nuwe pawiljoens vir deelnemende lande, dikwels volgens historiserende boustyle. Die sentrale Italiaanse pawiljoen het in 1932 volgens planne van Duilio Torres as puristiese neoklassieke gebou ontstaan. Die bou van 'n kasino is nie alleen met die oog op Venesië se toeristiese aantreklikheid besluit nie, maar ook om finansiële middele te verkry vir die onderhoud van Venesië se befaamde operateater <i>La Fenice</i>, die herlewing van karnavaltradisies en opelugopvoerings van toneelstukke en konserte. </p><p>Om behuisingstandaarde in die <i>Centro storico</i> te verbeter en die historiese sentrum op te knap volgens sy nuwe funksies binne die stedelike struktuur van Grande Venezia, is enkele projekte reeds in die 1930's aangepak. In 1939 het die <i>Progetto per massima per il piano di risanamento di Venezia insulare</i> voorsiening gemaak vir omvattende herstelwerk en modernisering. Die inwonertal, wat nog in 1931 130&#160;000 beloop het, sou met 35&#160;000 vermimder word. Bewoners sou hervestig word op die Lido, Sant'Elena, Giudecca, Murano – of op die vasteland as hulle vir werksgeleenthede in Marghera in aanmerking sou kom. Die woondigtheid sou verder verminder word deur die bebouing van ongebruikte terrein en <a href="/wiki/Landwinning" title="Landwinning">landwinning</a>. Naas die restourasie van historiese geboue is die aanpassing van stedelike strukture deur die bou van hoër woonstelgeboue en die verbreding van kanale oorweeg. Sommige van die maatreëls, wat onder die fascistiese bewind beplan is, is ook ná die Tweede Wêreldoorlog nog toegepas. </p><p>Vermaakgeriewe op die Lido di Venezia is aangevul deur teaters, feessale, 'n akwarium, kasino, rolprentteater en die nuwe Luna-park. Lido was steeds 'n woonbuurt vir welgesteldes, maar met die oprigting van nuwe geriewe soos helioterapeutiese instellings het sy herstellingsgeriewe toeganklik geword vir breër sosiale lae. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vervoer">Vervoer</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=19" title="Wysig afdeling: Vervoer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Vervoer"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spoorvervoer">Spoorvervoer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=20" title="Wysig afdeling: Spoorvervoer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Spoorvervoer"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Venezia_Santa_Lucia_Train_Station_R02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Venezia_Santa_Lucia_Train_Station_R02.jpg/220px-Venezia_Santa_Lucia_Train_Station_R02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Venezia_Santa_Lucia_Train_Station_R02.jpg/330px-Venezia_Santa_Lucia_Train_Station_R02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Venezia_Santa_Lucia_Train_Station_R02.jpg/440px-Venezia_Santa_Lucia_Train_Station_R02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4860" data-file-height="2920" /></a><figcaption>Die moderne treinstasie Venezia Santa Lucia in Cannaregio is regstreeks aan die Canal Grande met sy waterbushaltes geleë</figcaption></figure> <p>Venesië word deur twee groot treinstasies bedien – Venezia Mestre op die vasteland en Venezia Santa Lucia wat in die sestiere Cannaregio en regstreeks aan die Canal Grande geleë is. Die spoorwegonderneming <i><a href="/wiki/Trenitalia" title="Trenitalia">Trenitalia</a></i> bedien van hier roetes na ander stede in Veneto (soos Treviso, Verona, Padua en Venezia Mestre asook elders op die vasteland), terwyl <i>.italo</i> se netwerk van hoëspoedtreine Venesië met ander groot Italiaanse metropole verbind. So is daar byvoorbeeld sestien treinverbindings daagliks na Milaan. </p><p>Die befaamde luukse treinroete Venice Simplon-Orient Express, wat in 1883 deur die Belg Georges Nagelmackers gevestig en in 1977 tydelik gestaak is, is in 1982 hervat en bedien die roete tussen <a href="/wiki/Londen" title="Londen">Londen</a> en Venesië via <a href="/wiki/Parys" title="Parys">Parys</a> (sommige roetes bedien ook <a href="/wiki/Boedapest" title="Boedapest">Boedapest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Praag" title="Praag">Praag</a> en <a href="/wiki/Wene" title="Wene">Wene</a>). Die treinrit vanuit Londen loop oor ’n afstand van meer as 1000 myl en duur sowat 32 ure. Vanuit Venesië word die oosterse roete na <a href="/wiki/Istanboel" title="Istanboel">Istanboel</a> bedien. Ook is daar in 2013 ’n <a href="/wiki/Skandinawi%C3%AB" title="Skandinawië">Skandinawiese</a> roete gevestig wat <a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a> en <a href="/wiki/Kopenhagen" title="Kopenhagen">Kopenhagen</a> met Venesië verbind. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Watervervoer">Watervervoer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=21" title="Wysig afdeling: Watervervoer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Watervervoer"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:VE_7970_Vaporetto_4.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/VE_7970_Vaporetto_4.JPG/220px-VE_7970_Vaporetto_4.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/VE_7970_Vaporetto_4.JPG/330px-VE_7970_Vaporetto_4.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/VE_7970_Vaporetto_4.JPG/440px-VE_7970_Vaporetto_4.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>’n Reeks 80-vaporetto. Hierdie ouer reeks beskik nog oor boegsitplekke wat in nuwer variante afgeskaf is. Passasiers het ongelukkig dikwels opgestaan om foto’s te neem en sodoende die bestuurder se sig belemmer</figcaption></figure> <p>Naby Venezia Santa Lucia is aandoenplekke van Venesië se dieselaangedrewe waterbusse, die sogenaamde <i>vaporetti</i> met ’n kapasiteit van 230 passasiers, geleë. Hulle vorm die ruggraat van Venesië se watergebaseerde openbare vervoerstelsel in die Centro storico en die uitgestrekte strandmeergebied met sy verder af geleë eilande. Lyn 1 verbind Santa Lucia met die langgestrekte strandeiland <a href="/wiki/Lido_di_Venezia" title="Lido di Venezia">Lido di Venezia</a> aan die Adriatiese See. Sy roete langs die Canal Grande verseker dat dit een van die gewildste lyne vir toeriste is. </p><p><i>Vaporetto</i> beteken “klein stoomboot” - ’n verwysing na Venesië se oorspronklike stoomgedrewe waterbusstelsel. Hul wye en plat enkeldek-ontwerp verseker enersyds dat passasiers die bes moontlike uitsig tydens hul vaart kan geniet, andersyds is hulle maklik toeganklik vir rolstoele en kinderwaens. Al word roetes dikwels aangepas en gewysig, is vaporetti uiters betroubaar en steeds betyds. Die standaardontwerp word aangevul deur ’n kleiner, vinniger tipe waterbus vir ’n maksimum van 160 passasiers, die <i>motoscafo</i>. Vir vaarte na die Lido en die buitenste eilande is daar ook dubbeldek-waterbusse, sogenaamde <i>motonavi</i> met ’n kapasiteit van sowat 600 passasiers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Motorvervoer">Motorvervoer</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=22" title="Wysig afdeling: Motorvervoer" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Motorvervoer"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Venise_Aero_Pont_de_la_Libert%C3%A9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Venise_Aero_Pont_de_la_Libert%C3%A9.jpg/220px-Venise_Aero_Pont_de_la_Libert%C3%A9.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Venise_Aero_Pont_de_la_Libert%C3%A9.jpg/330px-Venise_Aero_Pont_de_la_Libert%C3%A9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Venise_Aero_Pont_de_la_Libert%C3%A9.jpg/440px-Venise_Aero_Pont_de_la_Libert%C3%A9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3311" data-file-height="1888" /></a><figcaption>Die gekombineerde spoorweg- en motorbrug <i>Ponte della Libertà</i> ("Vryheidsbrug") verbind die historiese middestad van Venesië met die vasteland</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Venice,_Italy_%E2%80%94_People_Mover_of_Venice.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Venice%2C_Italy_%E2%80%94_People_Mover_of_Venice.jpg/220px-Venice%2C_Italy_%E2%80%94_People_Mover_of_Venice.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Venice%2C_Italy_%E2%80%94_People_Mover_of_Venice.jpg/330px-Venice%2C_Italy_%E2%80%94_People_Mover_of_Venice.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Venice%2C_Italy_%E2%80%94_People_Mover_of_Venice.jpg/440px-Venice%2C_Italy_%E2%80%94_People_Mover_of_Venice.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6048" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>Die kabelspoortrein <i>People Mover</i> neem besoekers van die parkeerterreine op die eiland Tronchetto na die Piazzale Roma naby die Canal Grande waar hulle toegang het tot die stad se waterbusstelsel</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Mestre_R01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Mestre_R01.jpg/220px-Mestre_R01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Mestre_R01.jpg/330px-Mestre_R01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Mestre_R01.jpg/440px-Mestre_R01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4526" data-file-height="2976" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mestre" title="Mestre">Mestre</a>, die vastelandse deel van Venesië, met die <i>Ponte della Libertà</i>. 'n Rit oor die brug – per trein of per motor – is 'n besondere belewenis vir besoekers</figcaption></figure> <p>Die historiese middestad of <i>Centro storico</i> is nie toeganklik vir motorvoertuie nie – in teenstelling met die vastelandse woon- en nywerheidsbuurte van Mestre en die Lido di Venezia. Bestuurders moet gebruik maak van parkeergeriewe in die stadsdeel (sestiere) Santa Croce in die uiterste weste van die <i>Centro storico</i>. Hierdie parkeerterreine word – soos dié op die eiland Tronchetto – deur die gekombineerde spoorweg- en motorbrug <i>Ponte della Libertà</i> met Mestre op die vasteland verbind. 'n Kabelspoortrein, genoem <i>People Mover</i>, neem besoekers na die Piazzale Roma naby die treinstasie en die Canal Grande waar hulle toegang tot die Venesiaanse waterbusstelsel het. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=23" title="Wysig afdeling: Sport" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Sport"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roeisport_en_cultura_acquea">Roeisport en <i>cultura acquea</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=24" title="Wysig afdeling: Roeisport en cultura acquea" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Roeisport en cultura acquea"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:Laguna_V%C3%A9neta_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Laguna_V%C3%A9neta_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Laguna_V%C3%A9neta_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Laguna_V%C3%A9neta_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Laguna_V%C3%A9neta_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Laguna_V%C3%A9neta_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Laguna_V%C3%A9neta_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3736" data-file-height="2509" /></a><figcaption><i>Voga alla veneta</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Gegewe sy ligging temidde van 'n strandmeer, is roeisport steeds een van Venesiane se gunstelingtydverdrywe. Weens die sandbanke en vlakwater in die strandmeer word die sport in Venesië tradisioneel deur staande roeiers beoefen wat vooruit kyk. Na hierdie roeisoort word verwys as <i>voga alla veneta</i>, in teenstelling met sittende roeisport of <i>voga all'inglese</i>. </p><p>Baie van Venesië se bootswerwe (<i>cantieri</i>) huisves roeiklubs wat gedeeltelik deur die stadsraad befonds word om Venesiaanse tradisies te bewaar. Die klubs bied roeilesse aan, organiseer regatta's en hou funksies en sosiale byeenkomste. Die oudste roeivereniging is die <i>Reale Società Canottieri Bucintoro 1882</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Internasionale_verhoudings">Internasionale verhoudings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=25" title="Wysig afdeling: Internasionale verhoudings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Internasionale verhoudings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Susterstede">Susterstede</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=26" title="Wysig afdeling: Susterstede" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Susterstede"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="-moz-column-count:3; -webkit-column-count:3; column-count:3;"> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Volksrepubliek_China" title="Vlag van Volksrepubliek China"><img alt="Vlag van Volksrepubliek China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Suzhou,_Jiangsu" title="Suzhou, Jiangsu">Suzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volksrepubliek_China" title="Volksrepubliek China">Volksrepubliek China</a>, sedert 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Estland" title="Vlag van Estland"><img alt="Vlag van Estland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Flag_of_Estonia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Estonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="630" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estland" title="Estland">Estland</a>, sedert 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bosni%C3%AB_en_Herzegowina" title="Vlag van Bosnië en Herzegowina"><img alt="Vlag van Bosnië en Herzegowina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/22px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/33px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/44px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosni%C3%AB_en_Herzegowina" title="Bosnië en Herzegowina">Bosnië en Herzegowina</a>, sedert 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkye" title="Vlag van Turkye"><img alt="Vlag van Turkye" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Istanboel" title="Istanboel">Istanboel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkye" title="Turkye">Turkye</a>, sedert 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Armeni%C3%AB" title="Vlag van Armenië"><img alt="Vlag van Armenië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Flag_of_Armenia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Armenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Jerewan" title="Jerewan">Jerewan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armeni%C3%AB" title="Armenië">Armenië</a>, sedert 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_26-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Rusland" title="Vlag van Rusland"><img alt="Vlag van Rusland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sint_Petersburg" title="Sint Petersburg">Sint Petersburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rusland" title="Rusland">Rusland</a>, sedert 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_26-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kroasi%C3%AB" title="Vlag van Kroasië"><img alt="Vlag van Kroasië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Dubrovnik" title="Dubrovnik">Dubrovnik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kroasi%C3%AB" title="Kroasië">Kroasië</a>, sedert 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_26-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vennootskappe">Vennootskappe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=27" title="Wysig afdeling: Vennootskappe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;section=27" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Vennootskappe"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="-moz-column-count:3; -webkit-column-count:3; column-count:3;"> <ul><li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Duitsland" title="Vlag van Duitsland"><img alt="Vlag van Duitsland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Neurenberg" title="Neurenberg">Neurenberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duitsland" title="Duitsland">Duitsland</a>, sedert 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_26-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Griekeland" title="Vlag van Griekeland"><img alt="Vlag van Griekeland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/22px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/33px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/44px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> Kedke, <a href="/wiki/Griekeland" title="Griekeland">Griekeland</a>, sedert 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_26-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Volksrepubliek_China" title="Vlag van Volksrepubliek China"><img alt="Vlag van Volksrepubliek China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volksrepubliek_China" title="Volksrepubliek China">Volksrepubliek China</a>, sedert 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_26-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB" title="Vlag van Italië"><img alt="Vlag van Italië" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/22px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/33px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/44px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> Departement van Buitelandse Sake, <a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB" title="Italië">Italië</a>, sedert 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_26-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Griekeland" title="Vlag van Griekeland"><img alt="Vlag van Griekeland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/22px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/33px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/44px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Griekeland" title="Griekeland">Griekeland</a>, sedert 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_26-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Verenigde_State_van_Amerika" title="Vlag van Verenigde State van Amerika"><img alt="Vlag van Verenigde State van Amerika" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_State_van_Amerika" title="Verenigde State van Amerika">Verenigde State</a>, sedert 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_26-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Oekra%C3%AFne" title="Vlag van Oekraïne"><img alt="Vlag van Oekraïne" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/22px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/33px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/44px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa">Odesa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oekra%C3%AFne" title="Oekraïne">Oekraïne</a>, sedert 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_26-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Vlag van Japan"><img alt="Vlag van Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Hirosjima" title="Hirosjima">Hirosjima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, sedert 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-Susterstede_26-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Susterstede-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bekende_boorlinge">Bekende boorlinge</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=28" title="Wysig afdeling: Bekende boorlinge" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;section=28" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Bekende boorlinge"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Scarpa" title="Carlo Scarpa">Carlo Scarpa</a>, argitek en ontwerper (1906−1978)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwysings">Verwysings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=29" title="Wysig afdeling: Verwysings" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;section=29" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Verwysings"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-4" style="-moz-column-count: 4; -webkit-column-count: 4; column-count: 4; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Italiaans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">it</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comune.venezia.it/sites/comune.venezia.it/files/immagini/statistica/tabella%20_1_.pdf"><i>Tabella delle superfici del Comune di Venezia</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Italiaans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">it</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.comune.venezia.it/it/content/movimento-demografico"><i>Città di Venezia: Movimento demografico. Besoek op 10 Junie 2019</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-venDic-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-venDic_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Italiaans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">it</span>) </span> Michele Brunelli. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061216074327/http://www.dizsionario.org/dizs_ven.pdf">Dizsionario Xenerałe de ła Łéngua Vèneta e łe só varianti</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Italiaans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">it</span>) </span> Gina Fasoli: <i>La Serenissima</i> (= <i>Novissima enciclopedia monografica illustrata.</i> Band. 67). Florenz 1937, <a href="/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/8460813">8460813</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.welt.de/reise/staedtereisen/article121847696/Venedig-verzweifelt-an-Kreuzfahrtschiff-Plage.html"><i>Die Welt, 13 November 2013: Trotz neuer Verbote – Venedig verzweifelt an Kreuzfahrtschiff-Plage. Besoek op 19 Augustus 2018</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Frans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">fr</span>) </span> Freddy Thiriet: <i>La Romanie vénitienne au Moyen Age. Le développement et l'exploitation du domaine colonial vénitien (XIIe–XVe siècles)</i> (<i>Bibliothèque des écoles françaises d'Athènes et de Rome.</i> Bd. 193). E. de Boccard, Paris 1959, <a href="/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/345168">345168</a>; 2de uitgawe, <i>Édition-Diffusion de Boccard</i>, Parys 1975, <a href="/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/848364692">848364692</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/394"><i>Venice and its Lagoon.</i></a> Unesco-Welterbeliste Nr. 394. <i>unesco.org</i>. Besoek op 25 November 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2205490">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tagesspiegel.de/gesellschaft/medien/wider-die-invasion-ab-mai-kostet-venedig-eintritt/24058726.html">"Wieder die Invasion: Ab Mai kostet Venedig Eintritt"</a>. Der Tagesspiegel. 2 Maart 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">28 Maart</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Wieder+die+Invasion%3A+Ab+Mai+kostet+Venedig+Eintritt.&amp;rft.pub=Der+Tagesspiegel&amp;rft.date=2019-03-02&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tagesspiegel.de%2Fgesellschaft%2Fmedien%2Fwider-die-invasion-ab-mai-kostet-venedig-eintritt%2F24058726.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AVenesi%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Heinrich Kretschmayr: <i>Geschichte von Venedig</i>, 3 bande, Gotha 1905 en 1920, Stuttgart 1934; tweede herdruk, aldaar 1986, <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/3511012406" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-511-01240-6</a>; elektroniese bron: Salzwasser Verlag, Paderborn 2013, <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/9783846006573" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-8460-0657-3</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=fWhcCgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PP1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">aanlyn</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Italiaans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">it</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120608113547/http://www.comune.venezia.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/18700">"Superfici amministrative"</a>. <i>venezia.it</i>. Città di Venezia. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comune.venezia.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/18700">die oorspronklike</a> op 8 Junie 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=venezia.it&amp;rft.atitle=Superfici+amministrative&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.comune.venezia.it%2Fflex%2Fcm%2Fpages%2FServeBLOB.php%2FL%2FIT%2FIDPagina%2F18700&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AVenesi%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Italiaans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">it</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.comune.venezia.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeAttachment.php/L/IT/D/6%252F6%252F0%252FD.d8db69146076415ac877/P/BLOB%3AID%3D52806/E/xls">"Movimento e calcolo della popolazione: Januarie 2012"</a>. Comune di Venezia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Movimento+e+calcolo+della+popolazione%3A+Januarie+2012&amp;rft.pub=Comune+di+Venezia&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.comune.venezia.it%2Fflex%2Fcm%2Fpages%2FServeAttachment.php%2FL%2FIT%2FD%2F6%25252F6%25252F0%25252FD.d8db69146076415ac877%2FP%2FBLOB%253AID%253D52806%2FE%2Fxls&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AVenesi%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090324001406/http://www.veniceinitaly.com/venice_islands/Venice_islands.php">"Venice islands"</a>. <i>veniceinitaly.com</i>. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.veniceinitaly.com/venice_islands/Venice_islands.php">die oorspronklike</a> op 24 Maart 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=veniceinitaly.com&amp;rft.atitle=Venice+islands&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.veniceinitaly.com%2Fvenice_islands%2FVenice_islands.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AVenesi%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> Hans-Jürgen Hübner: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geschichte-venedigs.de/lagune.html"><i>Die Lagune von Venedig</i></a>, in: <i>geschichte-venedigs.de</i>, Abschnitt <i>Barene</i>, besoek op 14 Maart 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Italiaans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">it</span>) </span> Laura Carbognin: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archeosub.it/articoli/laguna/lgngeol.htm"><i>Cenni sulla geologia della Laguna di Venezia e sul processo di subsidenza.</i></a> In: <i>archeosub.it.</i> 26 September 2003, besoek op 25 November 2016 (in Italiaans; aangehaal deur Hans-Jürgen Hübner, sien bo).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> A. J. Ammermann, C. McClennen, M. De Min, R. Housley: <i>Sea-level change and the Archaeology of Early Venice.</i> In: <i>Antiquity.</i> 73 (1999), bl. 303–312, hier: bl. 307 (in Engels).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salve.it/uk/eco/default.htm">"<i>Venice lagoon.</i> Eintrag „what is the lagoon", dann „from '300 to '900: the evolution of the lagoon"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>salve.it</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=salve.it&amp;rft.atitle=Venice+lagoon.+Eintrag+%E2%80%9Ewhat+is+the+lagoon%E2%80%9C%2C+dann+%E2%80%9Efrom+%27300+to+%27900%3A+the+evolution+of+the+lagoon%E2%80%9C&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.salve.it%2Fuk%2Feco%2Fdefault.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AVenesi%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weather.com/outlook/travel/businesstraveler/wxclimatology/monthly/ITXX0085"><i>Venice, Italy Monthly Weather Forecast.</i></a> In: <i>weather.com,</i> besoek op 25 November 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Italiaans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">it</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ilmeteo.it/portale/medie-climatiche/Venezia">"Clima Venezia – Medie climatiche"</a>. ilMeteo<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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New York: Columbia University Press 2014, bl. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Italiaans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">it</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121011200216/http://www.salve.it/it/eco/pagine/laguna/acqua.htm">"acqua e terra: alcuni dati"</a>. <i>salve.it</i>. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salve.it/it/eco/pagine/laguna/acqua.htm">die oorspronklike</a> op 11 Oktober 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=salve.it&amp;rft.atitle=acqua+e+terra%3A+alcuni+dati&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.salve.it%2Fit%2Feco%2Fpagine%2Flaguna%2Facqua.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AVenesi%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> Mauro Bon, Danilo Mainardi, Luca Mizzan, Patrizia Torricelli: <i>The Biodiversity in the Venice Lagoon as the Basis of a Sustainability Project.</i> In: Ignazio Musu (red.): Sustainable Venice. Suggestions for the Future (= <i>Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei [FEEM] series on economics, energy, and environment, ECGY.</i> Boekdeel 16). Springer Science &amp; Business Media Netherlands, Dordrecht 2001, <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/940100692X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 94-010-0692-X</a>, S. 27–60, hier: S. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Italiaans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">it</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salve.it/it/eco/pagine/laguna/barene.htm">"barene, velme e fondali"</a>. <i>salve.it</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=salve.it&amp;rft.atitle=barene%2C+velme+e+fondali&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.salve.it%2Fit%2Feco%2Fpagine%2Flaguna%2Fbarene.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AVenesi%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090324001406/http://www.veniceinitaly.com/venice_islands/Venice_islands.php">"Venice islands"</a>. <i>veniceinitaly.com</i>. Geargiveer vanaf <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.veniceinitaly.com/venice_islands/Venice_islands.php">die oorspronklike</a> op 24 Maart 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=veniceinitaly.com&amp;rft.atitle=Venice+islands&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.veniceinitaly.com%2Fvenice_islands%2FVenice_islands.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AVenesi%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> Richard Goy: <i>Venice | The City and its Architecture</i>. London: Phaidon Press 1999, bl. 296</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> R. J. B. Bosworth: <i>Italian Venice: A History</i>. New Haven and London: Yale University Press 2014, bl. 187</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Susterstede-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_26-0">26,00</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_26-1">26,01</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_26-2">26,02</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_26-3">26,03</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_26-4">26,04</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_26-5">26,05</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_26-6">26,06</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_26-7">26,07</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_26-8">26,08</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_26-9">26,09</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_26-10">26,10</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_26-11">26,11</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_26-12">26,12</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_26-13">26,13</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Susterstede_26-14">26,14</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Italiaans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">it</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.comune.venezia.it/it/content/gemellaggi-e-accordi">"Gemellaggi e Accordi"</a>. Venesië. 5 Desember 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">20 Mei</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Gemellaggi+e+Accordi&amp;rft.pub=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;rft.date=2023-12-05&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.comune.venezia.it%2Fit%2Fcontent%2Fgemellaggi-e-accordi&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AVenesi%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_skakels">Eksterne skakels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=30" title="Wysig afdeling: Eksterne skakels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Venesi%C3%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;section=30" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Eksterne skakels"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons bevat media in verband met <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Venice" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Venice">Venesië</a></b></i>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dt>Amptelike webtuiste</dt></dl> <hr /> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Italiaans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">it</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comune.venezia.it/">Amptelike webwerf</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Wêrelderfenis</dt></dl> <hr /> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Frans">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">fr</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/sites/394.htm">Amptelike Unesco-webtuiste</a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.venicethefuture.com/uk/patrimonio">Venice and its lagoons</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Ensiklopediese inligting</dt></dl> <hr /> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2205490"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Venice">"Venice"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besoek op <span class="nowrap">20 Mei</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Venice&amp;rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FVenice&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Faf.wikipedia.org%3AVenesi%C3%AB" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <dl><dt>Boukuns</dt></dl> <hr /> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.passengeronearth.com/venedig-stadt-auf-pfaehlen/"><i>Passenger on Earth: Venedig – Ist die ganze Stadt auf Pfählen gebaut?</i></a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Musiek</dt></dl> <hr /> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Duits">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">de</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elbphilharmonie.de/de/blog/venedig-ein-name-wie-musik/242"><i>Elbphilharmonie Hamburg – Venedig: Ein Name wie Musik</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190725172452/https://www.elbphilharmonie.de/de/blog/venedig-ein-name-wie-musik/242">Geargiveer</a> 25 Julie 2019 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Toerisme</dt></dl> <hr /> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> Toerisme-inligting oor <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Venice">Venesië</a> op <a href="/wiki/Wikivoyage" title="Wikivoyage">Wikivoyage</a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.veneziaunica.it/en"><i>Venezia Unica – Official City of Venice Tourist and Travel Information</i></a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Kulturele geskiedenis – Lord Byron</dt></dl> <hr /> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.venetoinside.com/hidden-treasures/post/on-the-trail-of-lord-byron-in-venice/"><i>Discover Veneto – On the trail of Lord Byron in Venice</i></a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spectator.co.uk/2018/03/notes-on-lord-byron-in-venice/"><i>The Spectator: Notes on... Lord Byron in Venice</i></a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Grand Tour</dt></dl> <hr /> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegrandtourinvenice.com/"><i>The Grand Tour in Venice</i></a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/italy/venice/8061039/Canalettos-Venice-a-city-for-pleasure-seekers.html"><i>The Telegraph: Canaletto's Venice – a city for pleasure seekers</i></a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Belle Époque</dt></dl> <hr /> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailymail.co.uk/travel/travel_news/article-3695317/Victorian-Venice-COLOUR-Vibrant-postcards-late-19th-century-reveal-timeless-beauty-Italian-tourism-hotspot.html"><i>Mail Online: Victorian Venice in colour</i></a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Acqua alta – oorstromings</dt></dl> <hr /> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/gallery/2018/oct/29/venice-flooded-by-high-tide-in-pictures"><i>The Guardian, 29 Oktober 2018: Venice flooded by high tide – in pictures</i></a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/nov/13/waves-in-st-marks-square-as-venice-flooded-highest-tide-in-50-years"><i>The Guardian, 13 November 2019: Two people die as Venice floods at highest level in 50 years</i></a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/weather/gallery/2019/nov/13/flooding-in-venice-in-pictures"><i>The Guardian, 13 November 2019: Flooding in Venice – in pictures</i></a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Media</dt></dl> <hr /> <ul><li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1_5n1EfcWyM"><i>YouTube.com: Around the World in 4K – Venice</i></a></li> <li><span style="font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:bold; font-size:85%; cursor:help; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="Taal: Engels">(<span style="border-bottom: 1px dotted var(--color-subtle, #54595d);">en</span>) </span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=peQMP-b0XqM"><i>YouTube.com: Oliver Astrologo – Venezia</i></a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4062501-1">4062501-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">HDS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/006646">006646</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79018142">n79018142</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/MusicBrainz" title="MusicBrainz">MusicBrainz</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/a6e08cd9-a712-4152-8808-9485c75e1196">a6e08cd9-a712-4152-8808-9485c75e1196</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a 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class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/818739154">818739154</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027251411">027251411</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/8456155769103127880005">8456155769103127880005</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat Identities</a> (via VIAF): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/8456155769103127880005">8456155769103127880005</a></span></li></ul> 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