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<div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Brevets_historie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brevets_historie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Brevets historie</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Brevets_historie-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Brevets historie</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Brevets_historie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Oldtiden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oldtiden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Oldtiden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oldtiden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middelalderen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middelalderen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Middelalderen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middelalderen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Den_nyere_tid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Den_nyere_tid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Den nyere tid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Den_nyere_tid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brevlitteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brevlitteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Brevlitteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brevlitteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Postvesenets_brevdefinisjon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postvesenets_brevdefinisjon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Postvesenets brevdefinisjon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postvesenets_brevdefinisjon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_også" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_også"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Se også</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_også-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kilder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kilder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Kilder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kilder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Innholdsfortegnelse" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Brev</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 88 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-88" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">88 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brev" title="Brev – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Brev" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brev" title="Brev – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Brev" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brev" title="Brev – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Brev" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%A9f" title="Bréf – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bréf" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A9" title="رسالة مكتوبة – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رسالة مكتوبة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qillqa%C3%B1a" title="Qillqaña – aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Qillqaña" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%99ktub" title="Məktub – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Məktub" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A0%E0%A6%BF" title="চিঠি – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চিঠি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoe" title="Phoe – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Phoe" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE_(%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5)" title="Пісьмо (паведамленне) – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пісьмо (паведамленне)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82" title="Ліст – belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ліст" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surat" title="Surat – sentralbikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Surat" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="sentralbikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Писмо – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Писмо" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briaf" title="Briaf – bairisk" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Briaf" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bairisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lizher" title="Lizher – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lizher" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carta_(comunicaci%C3%B3)" title="Carta (comunicació) – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Carta (comunicació)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%83" title="Çыру – tsjuvasjisk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çыру" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tsjuvasjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopis" title="Dopis – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dopis" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brief" title="Brief – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Brief" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiri_(s%C3%B5num)" title="Kiri (sõnum) – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kiri (sõnum)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AE" title="Επιστολή – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Επιστολή" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_(message)" title="Letter (message) – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Letter (message)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carta" title="Carta – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Carta" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letero" title="Letero – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Letero" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskutitz" title="Eskutitz – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Eskutitz" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87" title="نامه – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نامه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courrier" title="Courrier – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Courrier" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brief" title="Brief – vestfrisisk" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Brief" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vestfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%B8%EC%A7%80" title="편지 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="편지" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasika" title="Wasika – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Wasika" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF" title="Նամակ – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նամակ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="पत्र – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पत्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letro" title="Letro – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Letro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surat" title="Surat – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Surat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littera_(message)" title="Littera (message) – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Littera (message)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettre" title="Lettre – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Lettre" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lettera_(messaggio)" title="Lettera (messaggio) – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lettera (messaggio)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%91" title="מכתב – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מכתב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಪತ್ರ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ABst_(pism%C3%B2)" title="Lëst (pismò) – kasjubisk" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Lëst (pismò)" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kasjubisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Хат – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Хат" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barua" title="Barua – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Barua" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name" title="Name – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Name" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Кат – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кат" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistula" title="Epistula – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Epistula" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%93stule" title="Vēstule – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Vēstule" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lai%C5%A1kas" title="Laiškas – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Laiškas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D" title="കത്ത് – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കത്ത്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="पत्र – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पत्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surat" title="Surat – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Surat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C4%95" title="Piĕ – mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Piĕ" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Захидал – mongolsk" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Захидал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brief" title="Brief – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Brief" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A0%E0%A5%80" title="चिठी – nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="चिठी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%89%8B%E7%B4%99" title="手紙 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="手紙" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xalayaa" title="Xalayaa – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Xalayaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maktub" title="Maktub – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Maktub" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breef" title="Breef – nedertysk" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Breef" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="nedertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/List" title="List – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="List" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carta" title="Carta – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Carta" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrisoare" title="Scrisoare – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Scrisoare" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaski_qillqa" title="Chaski qillqa – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chaski qillqa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Письмо – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Письмо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littra_(cumunicazzioni)" title="Littra (cumunicazzioni) – siciliansk" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Littra (cumunicazzioni)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_(message)" title="Letter (message) – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Letter (message)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_(spr%C3%A1va)" title="List (správa) – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="List (správa)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warqad_(fariin)" title="Warqad (fariin) – somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Warqad (fariin)" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%95" title="نامە – sentralkurdisk" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نامە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sentralkurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Поштанско писмо – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Поштанско писмо" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirje" title="Kirje – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kirje" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liham" title="Liham – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Liham" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கடிதம் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கடிதம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Хат – tatarisk" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Хат" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%96" title="లేఖ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="లేఖ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2" title="จดหมาย – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จดหมาย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Нома – tadsjikisk" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Нома" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mektup" title="Mektup – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mektup" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wusika" title="Wusika – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Wusika" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82_(%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F)" title="Лист (поштове відправлення) – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лист (поштове відправлення)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B7_(%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8)" title="خط (مکتوب) – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خط (مکتوب)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C6%B0" title="Thư – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thư" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lete_(po-z_evoy%C3%AE)" title="Lete (po-z evoyî) – vallonsk" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Lete (po-z evoyî)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%BA%E7%89%98" title="尺牘 – klassisk kinesisk" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="尺牘" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="klassisk kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%A6%E4%BF%A1" title="书信 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="书信" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95" title="בריוו – jiddisk" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="בריוו" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%A1" title="信 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="信" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%A6%E4%BF%A1" title="书信 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="书信" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surat" title="Surat – iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Surat" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q133492#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Brev" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskusjon:Brev" rel="discussion" title="Diskusjon om innholdssiden [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Bytt språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">norsk bokmål</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Brev"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brev&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brev&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brev&action=history" title="Tidligere sideversjoner av denne siden [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktøy" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktøy</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere alternativer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlinger </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Brev"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brev&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brev&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brev&action=history"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generelt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Lenker_hit/Brev" title="Liste over alle wikisider som lenker hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lenker hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Relaterte_endringer/Brev" rel="nofollow" title="Siste endringer i sider som blir lenket fra denne siden [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterte endringer</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=no" title="Last opp filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Last opp fil</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brev&oldid=24733688" 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href="/wiki/Fil:Riksarkivet_-_Norges_f%C3%B8rste_brev.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Riksarkivet_-_Norges_f%C3%B8rste_brev.jpg/250px-Riksarkivet_-_Norges_f%C3%B8rste_brev.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Riksarkivet_-_Norges_f%C3%B8rste_brev.jpg/500px-Riksarkivet_-_Norges_f%C3%B8rste_brev.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="4570" data-file-height="4570" /></a><figcaption>Norges første kjente brev fra <a href="/wiki/Klemens_III" title="Klemens III">Pave Clemens III</a>, fra 28. januar 1189</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Dokument_pt_Kalmarunionen.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Dokument_pt_Kalmarunionen.jpeg/250px-Dokument_pt_Kalmarunionen.jpeg" decoding="async" width="250" height="352" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Dokument_pt_Kalmarunionen.jpeg/500px-Dokument_pt_Kalmarunionen.jpeg 1.5x" data-file-width="1778" data-file-height="2504" /></a><figcaption> Unionsbrevet fra juli <a href="/wiki/1397" title="1397">1397</a>. Originalen er på papir og påtrykt ti <a href="/wiki/Segl" title="Segl">segl</a>. Brevet er en slags unionsgrunnlov for <a href="/wiki/Kalmarunionen" title="Kalmarunionen">Kalmarunionen</a>, men ble aldri rettsgyldig.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Diplomatarium_Norvegicum_I_409.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Diplomatarium_Norvegicum_I_409.jpg/250px-Diplomatarium_Norvegicum_I_409.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Diplomatarium_Norvegicum_I_409.jpg/375px-Diplomatarium_Norvegicum_I_409.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Diplomatarium_Norvegicum_I_409.jpg/500px-Diplomatarium_Norvegicum_I_409.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1067" data-file-height="670" /></a><figcaption>Side fra et brev fra dronning <a href="/wiki/Margrete_1_av_Danmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Margrete 1 av Danmark">Margrete 1 av Danmark</a> (1353–1412) til kong <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A5kon_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Håkon VI">Håkon VI</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Tanche_Martin_pagina_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Tanche_Martin_pagina_1.jpg/250px-Tanche_Martin_pagina_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="344" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Tanche_Martin_pagina_1.jpg/375px-Tanche_Martin_pagina_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Tanche_Martin_pagina_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="493" data-file-height="678" /></a><figcaption>Brev fra kong <a href="/wiki/Christian_IV_av_Danmark_og_Norge" title="Christian IV av Danmark og Norge">Christian IV av Danmark og Norge</a> 23. oktober <a href="/wiki/1643" title="1643">1643</a> der <a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Tanche&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin Tanche (ikke skrevet ennå)">Martin Tanche</a> blir adlet.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Handwriting2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Handwriting2.jpg/250px-Handwriting2.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Handwriting2.jpg/500px-Handwriting2.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="834" data-file-height="359" /></a><figcaption>Utsnitt av brev fra <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Ibsen" title="Henrik Ibsen">Henrik Ibsen</a> til <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Gosse" title="Edmund Gosse">Edmund Gosse</a> <a href="/wiki/1899" title="1899">1899</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Riksadvokaten_D-6_20-1a.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Riksadvokaten_D-6_20-1a.tif/lossy-page1-250px-Riksadvokaten_D-6_20-1a.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Riksadvokaten_D-6_20-1a.tif/lossy-page1-375px-Riksadvokaten_D-6_20-1a.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Riksadvokaten_D-6_20-1a.tif/lossy-page1-500px-Riksadvokaten_D-6_20-1a.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3543" data-file-height="2480" /></a><figcaption>Spionbrev sendt til Norge fra <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hagn" title="Alfred Hagn">Alfred Hagn</a> i London <a href="/wiki/1917" title="1917">1917</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Einstein-Roosevelt-letter.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Einstein-Roosevelt-letter.png/250px-Einstein-Roosevelt-letter.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Einstein-Roosevelt-letter.png/375px-Einstein-Roosevelt-letter.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Einstein-Roosevelt-letter.png/500px-Einstein-Roosevelt-letter.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="881" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Einstein%E2%80%93Szil%C3%A1rds_brev" title="Einstein–Szilárds brev">Einstein–Szilárds brev</a> til USAs president <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> <a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a> med forslag om amerikanske <a href="/wiki/Atombombe" class="mw-redirect" title="Atombombe">atombomber</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Et <b>brev</b> (fra <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latin</a> <i>brevis</i>, «kort»), er en alminnelig betegnelse på en skriftlig meddelelse som sendes til en annen person. Innenfor <a href="/wiki/Postvesen" title="Postvesen">postvesenet</a> er brev en forsendelsesart. <a href="/wiki/Posten_Norge" class="mw-redirect" title="Posten Norge">Posten Norge</a> operer med en definisjon på brev hvor lengde + bredde + høyde ikke må overskride 90 cm. </p><p>Formelle brev har fast oppsett, feks <a href="/wiki/Arbeidss%C3%B8knad" title="Arbeidssøknad">arbeidssøknad</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Brevets_historie">Brevets historie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brev&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Brevets historie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brev&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Brevets historie"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oldtiden">Oldtiden</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brev&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Oldtiden" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brev&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Oldtiden"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Affreschi_romani_-_polifemo_galatea_-_pompei.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Affreschi_romani_-_polifemo_galatea_-_pompei.JPG/250px-Affreschi_romani_-_polifemo_galatea_-_pompei.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Affreschi_romani_-_polifemo_galatea_-_pompei.JPG/330px-Affreschi_romani_-_polifemo_galatea_-_pompei.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Kyklopen <a href="/wiki/Polyfemos" title="Polyfemos">Polyfemos</a> mottar et brev fra den greske havnymfen <a href="/wiki/Galatea" class="mw-redirect" title="Galatea">Galatea</a>. <a href="/wiki/Romersk" class="mw-redirect" title="Romersk">Romersk</a> <a href="/wiki/Freskomaleri" title="Freskomaleri">freskomaleri</a> fra <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a> ca. 45-79.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyrernes</a> og <a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">babylonernes</a> skriftlige meddelelser til bestemte personer var på <a href="/wiki/Leirtavle" class="mw-redirect" title="Leirtavle">leirtavler</a>. <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypternes</a> brev var i eldre tider vanligvis skrevet på <a href="/wiki/Papyrus" title="Papyrus">papyrus</a>, siden på potteskår. Hos <a href="/wiki/Hellas" title="Hellas">grekerne</a> ble både papyrus og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vokstavle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vokstavle (ikke skrevet ennå)">vokstavler</a> brukt til brevskrivning; man skrev med metall<a href="/wiki/Griffel_(skriveredskap)" title="Griffel (skriveredskap)">griffel</a> på disse, og ved forsendelsen ble de lagt sammen to og to med innsidene mot hverandre. </p><p>Ingen brev fra den greske kulturens storhetsperiode er bevart, men fra <a href="/wiki/Antikken" title="Antikken">antikkens</a> siste dager har man noen <a href="/wiki/Gresk_spr%C3%A5k" class="mw-redirect" title="Gresk språk">greske</a> brev fra <a href="/wiki/Keiser" title="Keiser">keiser</a> <a href="/wiki/Julian_den_frafalne" title="Julian den frafalne">Julian den frafalne</a>, og en mengde fra den berømte <a href="/wiki/Retorikk" title="Retorikk">retoriker</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Libianos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Libianos (ikke skrevet ennå)">Libianos</a> (<a href="/wiki/300-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="300-tallet">300-tallet</a>). Hos romerne ble vokstavler ofte brukt. Papyrus kom i alminnelig bruk under <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Tullius_Cicero" title="Marcus Tullius Cicero">Ciceros</a> tid. Det ble brukt til korrespondanse med fjerntboende, mens vokstavler ble brukt til korrespondanse med de som bodde nærmere. Brev ble <a href="/wiki/Segl" title="Segl">forseglet</a> med <a href="/wiki/Voks" title="Voks">voks</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Lakk" title="Lakk">lakk</a>, og adressen ble skrevet utenpå. Man lot vanligvis sine slaver bringe brevene (<i>servi ab epistolis</i>, <i>amanuenses</i>). <a href="/wiki/Kryptering" title="Kryptering">Kryptering</a> var allerede kjent, og ble benyttet til <a href="/wiki/Politikk" title="Politikk">politisk</a> korrespondanse. Brevene ble gjerne innledet med en hilsen fra brevskriveren til adressaten, for eksempel: <i>Cicero Attico S[alutem] D[at].</i> </p><p>Under Cicero ble brevet en litterær <a href="/wiki/Litter%C3%A6re_sjangre" title="Litterære sjangre">sjanger</a>, eksempler er samlingene <i>Atticum</i>, <i>ad Familiares</i> og <i>ad Quintum fratrem</i>). <a href="/wiki/Julius_C%C3%A6sar" title="Julius Cæsar">Cæsar</a> var også kjent som brevskriver. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Avhandling" title="Avhandling">Avhandlinger</a> i brevform er <a href="/wiki/Lucius_Annaeus_Seneca" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucius Annaeus Seneca">Lucius Annaeus Senecas</a> <i>Epistolæ ad Lucilium;</i> poetiske resonnerende <a href="/wiki/Epistel" title="Epistel">epistler</a> er <a href="/wiki/Quintus_Horatius_Flaccus" class="mw-redirect" title="Quintus Horatius Flaccus">Quintus Horatius Flaccus</a>' og <a href="/wiki/Publius_Ovidius_Naso" class="mw-redirect" title="Publius Ovidius Naso">Publius Ovidius Nasos</a> <i>Heroides</i> (heltinners fingerte brev). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Kristendom" title="Kristendom">Kristendommen</a> tok i bruk brevsjangeren til oppbyggelige og veiledende skrifter, først og fremst <a href="/wiki/Paulus%27_brev" class="mw-redirect" title="Paulus' brev">Paulus' brev</a> og andre brev i <a href="/wiki/Det_nye_testamente" class="mw-redirect" title="Det nye testamente">Det nye testamente</a>, men også <a href="/wiki/Kirkefader" class="mw-redirect" title="Kirkefader">kirkefedrene</a>, som <a href="/wiki/Hieronymus" title="Hieronymus">Hieronymus</a> og <a href="/wiki/Augustin_av_Hippo" title="Augustin av Hippo">Augustin</a>, skrev brev. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middelalderen">Middelalderen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brev&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Middelalderen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brev&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Middelalderen"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Maler_der_Geschichte_von_Bay%C3%A2d_und_Riy%C3%A2d_003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Maler_der_Geschichte_von_Bay%C3%A2d_und_Riy%C3%A2d_003.jpg/150px-Maler_der_Geschichte_von_Bay%C3%A2d_und_Riy%C3%A2d_003.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Maler_der_Geschichte_von_Bay%C3%A2d_und_Riy%C3%A2d_003.jpg/225px-Maler_der_Geschichte_von_Bay%C3%A2d_und_Riy%C3%A2d_003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Maler_der_Geschichte_von_Bay%C3%A2d_und_Riy%C3%A2d_003.jpg/300px-Maler_der_Geschichte_von_Bay%C3%A2d_und_Riy%C3%A2d_003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="1951" /></a><figcaption>«Shanûl overbringer et brev fra Riyâd til Bayâd» fra historien om <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bay%C3%A2d_og_Riy%C3%A2d&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bayâd og Riyâd (ikke skrevet ennå)">Bayâd og Riyâd</a> (<i>Hadîth Bayâd wa Riyâd</i>). Illustrasjon fra et <a href="/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb">maghrebisk</a> manuskript fra 1200-tallet.</figcaption></figure> <p>Fra denne periode stammer betegnelsen brev fra det latinske <i>brevis</i>. Opprinnelig og spesielt er ordet brukt om de mindre viktige skrivelser fra det <a href="/wiki/Pave" title="Pave">pavelige</a> <a href="/wiki/Kanselli" title="Kanselli">kanselli</a>. Antikkens benevnelser <i>litteræ</i> og <i>epistola</i> var også i bruk i <a href="/wiki/Middelalder" class="mw-redirect" title="Middelalder">middelalderen</a> og brukes såvel om skriftlige meddelelser av privat art som offisielle skriv og <a href="/wiki/Dokument" title="Dokument">dokumenter</a>. Disse siste spiller i dette tidsrom en ualminnelig stor rolle, og deres forskjellige form, idet kansellivesenet i høy grad var satt i system, har blitt gjenstand for en hel vitenskap, <a href="/wiki/Diplomatikk" title="Diplomatikk">diplomatikken</a>. </p><p>Også for mer private skriftstykker hadde formlene mye å si, og man rettet seg ofte etter <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brevbok&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brevbok (ikke skrevet ennå)">brevbøker</a>, som anga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Titulatur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Titulatur (ikke skrevet ennå)">titulaturer</a>, innlednings- og slutningsformularer. Brevenes innhold var formelt inndelt i avsnitt. Det vanligste materialet var <a href="/wiki/Pergament" title="Pergament">pergament</a>, og senere også <a href="/wiki/Papir" title="Papir">papir</a>). Latin var det gjengse språket i brev på denne tiden. <a href="/wiki/Alkuin" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkuin">Alkuin</a>, en venn av <a href="/wiki/Karl_den_store" title="Karl den store">Karl den store</a>, ble betraktet som et mønster for brevskriving, og en mengde av brevene hans er bevart. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Den_nyere_tid">Den nyere tid</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brev&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Den nyere tid" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brev&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Den nyere tid"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Samuel_van_Hoogstraten_-_Zelfportret.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Samuel_van_Hoogstraten_-_Zelfportret.jpg/250px-Samuel_van_Hoogstraten_-_Zelfportret.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Samuel_van_Hoogstraten_-_Zelfportret.jpg/330px-Samuel_van_Hoogstraten_-_Zelfportret.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1486" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_van_Hoogstraten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel van Hoogstraten (ikke skrevet ennå)">Samuel van Hoogstratens</a> <a href="/wiki/Selvportrett" title="Selvportrett">selvportrett</a> med brev ca. 1647.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Jacques-Louis_David_-_La_Mort_de_Marat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Jacques-Louis_David_-_La_Mort_de_Marat.jpg/250px-Jacques-Louis_David_-_La_Mort_de_Marat.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Jacques-Louis_David_-_La_Mort_de_Marat.jpg/330px-Jacques-Louis_David_-_La_Mort_de_Marat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="673" data-file-height="803" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jacques-Louis_David" title="Jacques-Louis David">Jacques-Louis Davids</a> «<a href="/w/index.php?title=Marats_d%C3%B8d&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marats død (ikke skrevet ennå)">Marats død</a>» fra <a href="/wiki/1793" title="1793">1793</a> viser den snikmyrdede <a href="/wiki/Den_franske_revolusjon" title="Den franske revolusjon">revolusjonshelten</a> <a href="/wiki/Jean_Paul_Marat" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Paul Marat">Jean Paul Marat</a> med et brev fra <a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Corday" title="Charlotte Corday">Charlotte Corday</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Renessansen" title="Renessansen">Renessansen</a> ga en ekstra dytt til utviklingen som ble påbegynt i middelalderen. Man skilte personlige meddelelser (privatbrev) fra forretningsbrev og dokumenter. Latin vek også mer og mer plassen for «vulgærspråk», altså brevskriverens <a href="/wiki/Morsm%C3%A5l" title="Morsmål">morsmål</a>. Det varte likevel lenge før latin ble oppgitt til internasjonal brevveksling om <a href="/wiki/Vitenskap" title="Vitenskap">vitenskapelige</a> emner: <a href="/wiki/Erasmus" title="Erasmus">Erasmus av Rotterdam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Reuchlin" title="Johannes Reuchlin">Johannes Reuchlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Justus_Lipsius" title="Justus Lipsius">Justus Lipsius</a> og mange andre av renessansens <a href="/wiki/Humanisme" title="Humanisme">humanister</a> skrev på latin. </p><p>Samtidig med at rik litteratur blomstret opp i <a href="/wiki/Italia" title="Italia">Italia</a> på landets eget språk, ble latin i større grad de dannete italieneres måte å meddele seg på. <a href="/wiki/Annibale_Caro" title="Annibale Caro">Annibale Caros</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernardo_Tasso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernardo Tasso (ikke skrevet ennå)">Bernardo Tassos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pietro_Bembo" title="Pietro Bembo">Pietro Bembos</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacopo_Bonfadio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacopo Bonfadio (ikke skrevet ennå)">Jacopo Bonfadios</a> og fleres brev ble betraktet som mønstre akkurat som Ciceros, og ble utgitt på trykk. Fra omtrent <a href="/wiki/1600" title="1600">1600</a> kommer også <a href="/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike">Frankrike</a> med, og fikk snart en rik brevlitteratur. Berømte franske korrespondenter er <a href="/wiki/Henrik_4._av_Frankrike" class="mw-redirect" title="Henrik 4. av Frankrike">Kong Henrik 4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Louis_Guez_de_Balzac" title="Jean-Louis Guez de Balzac">Jean-Louis Guez de Balzac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Voiture" title="Vincent Voiture">Vincent Voiture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">René Descartes</a> og en mengde kvinner på <a href="/wiki/1600-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1600-tallet">1600-tallet</a>. Mest kjent av kvinnene er <a href="/wiki/Madame_de_Maintenon" class="mw-redirect" title="Madame de Maintenon">madame de Maintenon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ninon_de_Lenclos" class="mw-redirect" title="Ninon de Lenclos">Ninon de Lenclos</a> og <a href="/wiki/Madame_de_S%C3%A9vign%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Madame de Sévigné">madame de Sévigné</a>. Andre kjente franke brevskrivere på denne tiden var <a href="/wiki/Jean_Chapelain" title="Jean Chapelain">Jean Chapelain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bayle" title="Pierre Bayle">Pierre Bayle</a> og <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Boileau-Despr%C3%A9aux" title="Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux">Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux</a>. </p><p>På <a href="/wiki/1700-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1700-tallet">1700-tallet</a> var <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau" title="Jean-Jacques Rousseau">Jean-Jacques Rousseau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denis_Diderot" title="Denis Diderot">Denis Diderot</a> og den <a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland">tyske</a> <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">pariser</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Melchior_von_Grimm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich Melchior von Grimm (ikke skrevet ennå)">Friedrich Melchior von Grimm</a> kjente brevskrivere. Grimm hadde bl.a. en interessant brevveksling med <a href="/wiki/Katharina_2._av_Russland" class="mw-redirect" title="Katharina 2. av Russland">Katharina 2. av Russland</a>). På <a href="/wiki/1800-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1800-tallet">1800-tallet</a> var <a href="/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte" title="Napoléon Bonaparte">Napoléon Bonaparte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Jean_de_B%C3%A9ranger" title="Pierre-Jean de Béranger">Pierre-Jean de Béranger</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul-Louis_Courier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul-Louis Courier (ikke skrevet ennå)">Paul-Louis Courier</a> (regnes som en av brevlitteraturens mestere), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles-Augustin_Sainte-Beuve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles-Augustin Sainte-Beuve (ikke skrevet ennå)">Charles-Augustin Sainte-Beuve</a> (<i>Lettres à la Princesse</i>) og <a href="/wiki/Prosper_M%C3%A9rim%C3%A9e" title="Prosper Mérimée">Prosper Mérimée</a> (<i>Lettres à une inconnue</i>, <i>Lettres à Panizzi</i>) Frankrikes mest kjente brevskrivere. <a href="/wiki/Spania" title="Spania">Spanias</a> fremste brevforfatter i denne perioden var <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Francisco_de_Isla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José Francisco de Isla (ikke skrevet ennå)">José Francisco de Isla</a> (<a href="/wiki/1703" title="1703">1703</a>–<a href="/wiki/1781" title="1781">1781</a>). </p><p>I <a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland">Tyskland</a> begynte latin allerede tidlig å fortrenges i <a href="/wiki/Hansaen" class="mw-redirect" title="Hansaen">hansabyenes</a> offisielle skriv, i motsetning til i de fyrstelige kanselliers. Det holdt seg imidlertid lenge hos de lærde. Når det tyske språk ble benyttet, var selv begavede og dannede mennesker langt tilbake i brevstil. Det eksisterer likevel unntak: <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" title="Gottfried Leibniz">Gottfried Leibniz</a> og prinsesse <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elisabeth_Charlotte_av_Pfalz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elisabeth Charlotte av Pfalz (ikke skrevet ennå)">Elisabeth Charlotte av Pfalz</a> (gift med <a href="/wiki/Ludvig_14._av_Frankrike" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludvig 14. av Frankrike">Ludvig 14. av Frankrikes</a> bror). Første fra midten av <a href="/wiki/1700-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1700-tallet">1700-tallet</a> er den tyske brevstil utviklet fullt: <a href="/wiki/Gotthold_Ephraim_Lessing" title="Gotthold Ephraim Lessing">Gotthold Ephraim Lessings</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Joaquim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Joaquim (ikke skrevet ennå)">Johann Joaquims</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried_August_B%C3%BCrger&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gottfried August Bürger (ikke skrevet ennå)">Gottfried August Bürgers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe" title="Johann Wolfgang von Goethe">Johann Wolfgang von Goethes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Schiller" title="Friedrich Schiller">Friedrich Schillers</a> (særlig disse to store dikteres innbyrdes brevveksling), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannes_von_M%C3%BCller&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johannes von Müller (ikke skrevet ennå)">Johannes von Müllers</a>, brødrene <a href="/wiki/Alexander_von_Humboldt" title="Alexander von Humboldt">Alexander</a> og <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_von_Humboldt" title="Wilhelm von Humboldt">Wilhelm von Humboldts</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Ludwig_Georg_von_Raumer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich Ludwig Georg von Raumer (ikke skrevet ennå)">Friedrich Ludwig Georg von Raumers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bettina_von_Arnim" title="Bettina von Arnim">Bettina von Arnims</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rahel_Varnhagen_von_Ense" title="Rahel Varnhagen von Ense">Rahel Varnhagen von Enses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Tieck" title="Ludwig Tieck">Ludwig Tiecks</a>, brødrene <a href="/wiki/Karl_Wilhelm_Friedrich_von_Schlegel" class="mw-redirect" title="Karl Wilhelm Friedrich von Schlegel">Karl Wilhelm Friedrich</a> og <a href="/wiki/August_Wilhelm_von_Schlegel" class="mw-redirect" title="August Wilhelm von Schlegel">August Wilhelm von Schlegels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Heine" title="Heinrich Heine">Heinrich Heines</a> og <a href="/wiki/Felix_Mendelssohn-Bartholdy" class="mw-redirect" title="Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy">Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdys</a> brev. </p><p>I de <a href="/wiki/Norden" title="Norden">nordiske land</a>, særlig <a href="/wiki/Danmark" title="Danmark">Danmark</a>, gikk det omtrent som i Tyskland. Man har bevart en del av <a href="/wiki/1500-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1500-tallet">1500-tallets</a> danske brev, hvor privatbrevet og forretningsbrevet nærmest er sammensmeltet. Karakteristisk ved deres av og til fremtredende djerve <a href="/wiki/Humor" title="Humor">humor</a> er <a href="/wiki/Christian_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian IV">Christian IVs</a> tallrike brev. Lenger frem på <a href="/wiki/1600-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1600-tallet">1600-tallet</a> gir <a href="/wiki/Ole_Worm" title="Ole Worm">Ole Worms</a> latinske korrespondanse et godt eksempel på danske lærdes brevveksling i eldre tid. Under utenlandsk påvirkning hadde brevlitteraturen et betydelig oppsving mot slutten av 1700-tallet, og de fleste av denne periodes og den litterære <a href="/wiki/Gullalder" class="mw-redirect" title="Gullalder">gullalders</a> forfattere har etterlatt seg mange brev som senere har blitt utgitt: <a href="/wiki/B.S._Ingemann" title="B.S. Ingemann">B.S. Ingemann</a>, <a href="/wiki/N.F.S._Grundtvig" title="N.F.S. Grundtvig">N.F.S. Grundtvig</a>, <a href="/wiki/H.C._Andersen" title="H.C. Andersen">H.C. Andersen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carsten_Hauch" title="Carsten Hauch">Carsten Hauch</a> og mange flere. Brev som regnes som særlig gode har man fra <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Peter_Mynster" title="Jacob Peter Mynster">Jacob Peter Mynster</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederik_Christian_Sibbern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederik Christian Sibbern (ikke skrevet ennå)">Frederik Christian Sibbern</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hardenack_Otto_Conrad_Laub&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hardenack Otto Conrad Laub (ikke skrevet ennå)">Hardenack Otto Conrad Laub</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Vilhelm_Jacobsen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Vilhelm Jacobsen (ikke skrevet ennå)">Peter Vilhelm Jacobsen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johanne_Luise_Heiberg" title="Johanne Luise Heiberg">Johanne Luise Heiberg</a> og senere <a href="/w/index.php?title=Julius_Lange&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julius Lange (ikke skrevet ennå)">Julius Lange</a>. </p><p>Når det gjelder den utvendige formen på brevene, så ble <a href="/w/index.php?title=Segllakk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Segllakk (ikke skrevet ennå)">segllakk</a> innført fra <a href="/wiki/Kina" title="Kina">Kina</a> til <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> på <a href="/wiki/1400-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1400-tallet">1400-tallet</a>, og det første lakksegl som er bevart på et brev er fra midten av 1500-tallet. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oblat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oblat (ikke skrevet ennå)">Oblater</a> kommer tidligst i bruk på andre halvdel av 1500-tallet. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Konvolutt" title="Konvolutt">Konvolutter</a> av samme form som de som brukes i dag fantes allerede midt i 1600-tallet. Først i <a href="/wiki/1844" title="1844">1844</a> fant man på å fabrikkere gummierte konvolutter på maskiner. <a href="/wiki/Luftpost" title="Luftpost">Luftpost</a> var en tjeneste fra postverket for brev som skulle sendes med fly. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Brevlitteratur">Brevlitteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brev&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Brevlitteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brev&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Brevlitteratur"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bortsett fra de virkelige brev som er samlet ut utgitt, har de fleste lands litteratur atskillige bøker i brevform, mest betraktninger og avhandlinger. Det kan være fingerte brev eller virkelige henvendelser til en bestemt person. Man har også <a href="/wiki/Spr%C3%A5kvitenskap" class="mw-redirect" title="Språkvitenskap">språkvitenskapelige</a> brev av <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Grimm" title="Jacob Grimm">Jacob Grimm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kjemi" title="Kjemi">kjemi</a> av <a href="/wiki/Justus_von_Liebig" title="Justus von Liebig">Justus von Liebig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fysiologi" title="Fysiologi">fysiologi</a> av <a href="/wiki/Carl_Vogt" title="Carl Vogt">Carl Vogt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arkeologi" title="Arkeologi">arkeologi</a> av Lessing og andre. De mest kjente verkene i brevform (utenfor skjønnlitteraturen) er <i><a href="/wiki/Epistol%C3%A6_obscurorum_virorum" title="Epistolæ obscurorum virorum">Epistolæ obscurorum virorum</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Blaise_Pascal" title="Blaise Pascal">Blaise Pascals</a> <i>Lettres provinciales</i>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques-Benigne_Bossuet" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacques-Benigne Bossuet">Jacques-Benigne Bossuets</a> og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Salignac_de_la_Mothe-F%C3%A9nelon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="François de Salignac de la Mothe-Fénelon (ikke skrevet ennå)">François de Salignac de la Mothe-Fénelons</a> <i>Lettres spirituelles</i>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Montesquieu" title="Charles Montesquieu">Charles Montesquieus</a> <i>Lettres persanes</i>, Voltaires <i>Lettres anglaises</i>, Rousseaus <i>Lettres de la montagne</i> og <i>Lettre sur les spectacles</i>, <a href="/wiki/Philip_Stanhope,_4._jarl_av_Chesterfield" title="Philip Stanhope, 4. jarl av Chesterfield">Lord Chesterfields</a> <i>Letters to his Son</i>, <i>The letters of Junius</i>, <i>Lettres familières sur l'Italie</i> av president <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Brosses" title="Charles de Brosses">Charles de Brosses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_B%C3%B6rne" title="Ludwig Börne">Ludwig Börnes</a> <i>Briefe aus Paris</i>, <a href="/wiki/Augustin_Thierry" title="Augustin Thierry">Augustin Thierrys</a> <i>Lettres sur l'histoire de France</i>, <a href="/wiki/George_Sand" title="George Sand">George Sands</a> <i>Lettres d'un voyageur</i>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Blanc" title="Louis Blanc">Louis Blancs</a> <i>Lettres d'Angleterre</i>. I den danske litteratur: <a href="/wiki/Ludvig_Holberg" title="Ludvig Holberg">Ludvig Holbergs</a> <i>Epistler</i>, så <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederik_Christian_Eilschov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederik Christian Eilschov (ikke skrevet ennå)">Frederik Christian Eilschovs</a> <i>Filosofiske Breve</i>, Knud Lyne Rahbeks <i>Breve fra en gammel Skuespiller</i>, <i>Clara Raphael. Tolv Breve</i> av <a href="/wiki/Mathilde_Fibiger" title="Mathilde Fibiger">Mathilde Fibiger</a>. I <a href="/wiki/Norge" title="Norge">Norges</a> litteratur er <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Wergeland" title="Henrik Wergeland">Henrik Wergelands</a> <i>Fortrolige Breve fra Ejdsvold</i> og fru <a href="/w/index.php?title=Conradine_Birgitte_Dunker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conradine Birgitte Dunker (ikke skrevet ennå)">Conradine Birgitte Dunkers</a> <i>Gamle Dage</i> de mest kjente. </p><p>En egen klasse danner romanene i brevform (se <i><a href="/wiki/Epistel" title="Epistel">Epistel</a></i>): Rousseaus <i>Nouvelle Héloïse</i>, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Richardson" title="Samuel Richardson">Samuel Richardsons</a> <i>Clarissa Harlowe</i> og Goethes <i>Werther</i>; senere blev denne form sjeldnere (men ennå benyttet av <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Daudet" title="Alphonse Daudet">Alphonse Daudet</a> i <i>Lettres de mon moulin</i>). I den danske litteratur finner man Sibberns <i>Efterladte Breve af Gabrielis</i> og <i>Ud af Gabrielis' Breve til og fra Hjemmet</i>, <i>Familien Polonius</i> av fru <a href="/wiki/Thomasine_Gyllembourg" title="Thomasine Gyllembourg">Thomasine Gyllembourg</a> og <a href="/wiki/Me%C3%AFr_Aron_Goldschmidt" title="Meïr Aron Goldschmidt">Meïr Aron Goldschmidts</a> <i>En Roman i Breve</i>. </p><p>I bunden stil er brevformen efter antikk modell benyttet av <a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ment_Marot" title="Clément Marot">Clément Marot</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Scarron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Scarron (ikke skrevet ennå)">Paul Scarron</a>,<a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Boileau" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicolas Boileau">Nicolas Boileau</a>, Voltaire, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope">Alexander Pope</a> og andre. Fra senere tid finnes <a href="/wiki/Henrik_Ibsen" title="Henrik Ibsen">Henrik Ibsens</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kalliope.org/digt.pl?longdid=ibsen2002010601">Rimbrev til fru Heiberg</a> og hans <i>Ballonbrev</i> til fru Fredrika Limnell (<a href="/wiki/1870" title="1870">1870</a>), <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B8rnstjerne_Bj%C3%B8rnson" title="Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson">Bjørnstjerne Bjørnsons</a> poetiske epistler til <a href="/wiki/Frederik_Stang" title="Frederik Stang">Frederik Stang</a> og <a href="/wiki/Johan_Sverdrup" title="Johan Sverdrup">Johan Sverdrup</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Postvesenets_brevdefinisjon">Postvesenets brevdefinisjon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brev&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: Postvesenets brevdefinisjon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brev&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Postvesenets brevdefinisjon"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:NorskLetterBox.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/NorskLetterBox.jpg/120px-NorskLetterBox.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/NorskLetterBox.jpg/250px-NorskLetterBox.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="804" data-file-height="1203" /></a><figcaption>Norsk <a href="/wiki/Postkasse" title="Postkasse">postkasse</a> 2003.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ifølge postens internasjonale definisjon av brev er det «en meddelelse». Et brev trenger derfor ikke nødvendigvis være forfattet på papir, men kan skrives på andre materialer. En meddelelse på et datamedium som <a href="/wiki/CD" title="CD">CD</a> eller <a href="/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a> kan også sendes som brev. Det samme kan et filmbrev på en <a href="/wiki/Video" title="Video">videokassett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">film</a> eller et lydbrev på en lydkassett. </p><p>Hensikten med denne definisjonen er at et brev kan sendes internasjonalt uten for<a href="/wiki/Toll" title="Toll">tolling</a>. Det er likevel ikke mulig å forfatte et brev på et kostbart materiale for å unngå fortolling. Grensetilfeller avgjøres skjønnsmessig av den enkelte postadministrasjon. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_også"><span id="Se_ogs.C3.A5"></span>Se også</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brev&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Rediger avsnitt: Se også" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brev&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Se også"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kj%C3%A6rlighetsbrev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kjærlighetsbrev (ikke skrevet ennå)">Kjærlighetsbrev</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frierbrev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frierbrev (ikke skrevet ennå)">frierbrev</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Valentinerbrev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valentinerbrev (ikke skrevet ennå)">Valentinerbrev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kjedebrev" title="Kjedebrev">Kjedebrev</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trusselbrev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trusselbrev (ikke skrevet ennå)">trusselbrev</a>, <a href="/wiki/Selvmordsbrev" title="Selvmordsbrev">selvmordsbrev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gjeldsbrev" title="Gjeldsbrev">Gjeldsbrev</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pantebrev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pantebrev (ikke skrevet ennå)">pantebrev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borgerbrev" title="Borgerbrev">Borgerbrev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svennebrev" class="mw-redirect" title="Svennebrev">Svennebrev</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fagbrev" class="mw-redirect" title="Fagbrev">fagbrev</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mesterbrev" title="Mesterbrev">mesterbrev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avlatsbrev" class="mw-redirect" title="Avlatsbrev">Avlatsbrev</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyrdebrev" title="Hyrdebrev">hyrdebrev</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fribrev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fribrev (ikke skrevet ennå)">fribrev</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kondolansebrev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kondolansebrev (ikke skrevet ennå)">Kondolansebrev</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Takkebrev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Takkebrev (ikke skrevet ennå)">takkebrev</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilbrev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilbrev (ikke skrevet ennå)">Ilbrev</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ekspressbrev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ekspressbrev (ikke skrevet ennå)">ekspressbrev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegram" title="Telegram">Telegram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postadresse" class="mw-redirect" title="Postadresse">Postadresse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brevhode" title="Brevhode">Brevhode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-post" title="E-post">E-post</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=E-brev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="E-brev (ikke skrevet ennå)">e-brev</a>, <a href="/wiki/SMS" class="mw-redirect" title="SMS">SMS</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Melding&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melding (ikke skrevet ennå)">melding</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kilder">Kilder</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brev&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Rediger avsnitt: Kilder" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brev&action=edit&section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kilder"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="bjeller" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d); cursor:help;" title="dansk">(da)</span> Artikkelen bygger på det danske <a href="/wiki/Salmonsens_konversationsleksikon" title="Salmonsens konversationsleksikon">Salmonsens konversationsleksikon</a> 2. utgave (1915–1930).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brev&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brev&action=edit&section=9" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Letters_(written_messages)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Letters (written messages)">Letters (written messages)</a> – kategori av bilder, video eller lyd på <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p373"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133492?uselang=nb#P373" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/20px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1089" /></span></span> Ordbokdefinisjonen av <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/no:Special:Search/Brev" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:no:Special:Search/Brev">Brev</a> i Wiktionary </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.litteraturogmedieleksikon.no/gallery/brev.pdf">Brev</a>; fra Bibliotekarstudentens nettleksikon om litteratur og medier (pdf-fil)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24994932">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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