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[{"id":100884463,"identifier":"Attachment_100884463","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":99924662,"created_at":"2023-04-09T09:43:08.284-07:00","from_world_paper_id":231355027,"updated_at":"2025-01-12T19:52:41.833-08:00","_data":{"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","ai_abstract":"The study investigates the changes in fatty acid composition during the differentiation of Trypanosoma cruzi from epimastigotes to metacyclic trypomastigotes. Using gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, significant qualitative and quantitative alterations were observed in the fatty acid pattern, particularly when epimastigotes were incubated in triatomine artificial urine. The findings suggest that lipid composition changes act as biochemical markers for cellular differentiation in T. cruzi.","publication_date":"1989,,","publication_name":"FEMS Microbiology Letters"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Changes in fatty acid composition associated with differentiation of Trypanosoma cruzi","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [241759983]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":100884463,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Changes in fatty acid composition associated with differentiation of Trypanosoma cruzi”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/100884463/mini_magick20230409-1-sc21qe.png?1681058719" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Changes in fatty acid composition associated with differentiation of Trypanosoma cruzi</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="241759983" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ManuelChanam%C3%A9Esteves"><img alt="Profile image of Manuel Chanamé Esteves" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/241759983/96693361/85740743/s65_manuel.chanam_esteves.png" />Manuel Chanamé Esteves</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">1989, FEMS Microbiology Letters</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">4 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 99924662; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=99924662"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">AI-generated Abstract</p><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">The study investigates the changes in fatty acid composition during the differentiation of Trypanosoma cruzi from epimastigotes to metacyclic trypomastigotes. Using gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, significant qualitative and quantitative alterations were observed in the fatty acid pattern, particularly when epimastigotes were incubated in triatomine artificial urine. The findings suggest that lipid composition changes act as biochemical markers for cellular differentiation in T. cruzi.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":100884463,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/99924662/Changes_in_fatty_acid_composition_associated_with_differentiation_of_Trypanosoma_cruzi"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":100884463,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/99924662/Changes_in_fatty_acid_composition_associated_with_differentiation_of_Trypanosoma_cruzi"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research.</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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Here, we investigated the energetic metabolism of T. cruzi during metacyclogenesis through the determination of enzymatic activities and quantification by HPLC of glycolytic and Krebs cycle short-chain carboxylic acids. Altered concentrations in pyruvate, acetate, succinate, and glycerate were measured during the growth of epimastigote in the complex medium BHI and their differentiation to trypomastigotes in the chemically defined medium, TAU3AAG. These alterations should represent significant differential metabolic modifications utilized by either form to generate energy. This paper is the first work dealing with the intracellular organic acid concentration measurement in T. cruzi parasites. Although it confirms the previous assumption of the importance of carbohydrate metabolism, it yields an essential improvement in T. cruzi metabolism knowledge.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Metabolic Alteration of Trypanosoma cruzi during Differentiation of Epimastigote to Trypomastigote Forms","attachmentId":98348678,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/96454513/Metabolic_Alteration_of_Trypanosoma_cruzi_during_Differentiation_of_Epimastigote_to_Trypomastigote_Forms","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/96454513/Metabolic_Alteration_of_Trypanosoma_cruzi_during_Differentiation_of_Epimastigote_to_Trypomastigote_Forms"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="95394840" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/95394840/Cultivation_of_Trypanosoma_cruzi_epimastigotes_in_low_glucose_axenic_media_shifts_its_competence_to_differentiate_at_metacyclic_trypomastigotes">Cultivation of Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes in low glucose axenic media shifts its competence to differentiate at metacyclic trypomastigotes</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="48648752" href="https://independent.academia.edu/mar%C3%ADanavarronavarro">maría navarro navarro</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Experimental Parasitology, 2008</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This study offers an insight into why Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes lose their capacity to differentiate into metacyclic forms, if maintained in culture media long-term through serial passages. The biological and metabolic behaviour of two T. cruzi strains isolated from various origins (human, opossum), and maintained under two schedules (alternate triatomine/mouse passages and serial culture media) were compared. To determine the effect of the environment on the parasites, the epimastigotes were grown under extreme conditions (high and low glucose concentrations), and the glucose consumption, ammonia production and changes in pH, either in one compartment (along the growth curve) or two compartments (induced metacyclogenesis) were compared. The glucose effect on the stages involved in metacyclogenesis at antigenic level was also evaluated. The results indicate that T. cruzi adapts to various environmental conditions and also that the ability of epimastigotes to undergo metacyclogenesis are influenced by the maintenance schedule. Antigenic profile analysis supports the idea that epimastigotes adapted to culture media do not complete their molecular differentiation into the trypomastigote metacyclic stage. These transition forms conserve some degree of gene expression of the epimastigote stage.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Cultivation of Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes in low glucose axenic media shifts its competence to differentiate at metacyclic trypomastigotes","attachmentId":97589867,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/95394840/Cultivation_of_Trypanosoma_cruzi_epimastigotes_in_low_glucose_axenic_media_shifts_its_competence_to_differentiate_at_metacyclic_trypomastigotes","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/95394840/Cultivation_of_Trypanosoma_cruzi_epimastigotes_in_low_glucose_axenic_media_shifts_its_competence_to_differentiate_at_metacyclic_trypomastigotes"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="8029874" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8029874/In_vitro_differentiation_of_Trypanosoma_cruzi_under_chemically_defined_conditions">In vitro differentiation of Trypanosoma cruzi under chemically defined conditions</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="15422466" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Ver%C3%B3nicaContreras">Verónica Contreras</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, 1985</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Metacyclic trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi have been obtained in chemically defined axenic culture. The differentiating medium, composed of artificial triatomine urine supplemented with proline, allows high yields of metacyclic trypomastigotes after 72-h incubation of T. cruzi cells at 27°C. Morphological differentiation of the parasites is gradual under these chemically defined conditions and is preceded by the expression of stage-specific polypeptides. The yield of in vitro-induced metacyclic trypomastigotes depends upon the age of the epimastigote culture, the size of the inoculum and the depth of the medium. Metacyclic trypomastigotes differentiated in vitro from the Dm 28c clone of T. cruzi are both resistant to complement lysis and to macrophage digestion. They are able to infect mice with an efficiency similar to that obtained for natural metacyclic trypomastigotes obtained from triatomine excreta.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"In vitro differentiation of Trypanosoma cruzi under chemically defined conditions","attachmentId":48249189,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8029874/In_vitro_differentiation_of_Trypanosoma_cruzi_under_chemically_defined_conditions","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/8029874/In_vitro_differentiation_of_Trypanosoma_cruzi_under_chemically_defined_conditions"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="21380210" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/21380210/Changes_in_cell_surface_carbohydrates_of_Trypanosoma_cruzi_during_metacyclogenesis_under_chemically_defined_conditions">Changes in cell-surface carbohydrates of Trypanosoma cruzi during metacyclogenesis under chemically defined conditions</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42456709" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ArnaldoDeAndrade">Arnaldo De Andrade</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of General Microbiology, 1991</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Highly purified lectins with specificities for receptor molecules containing sialic acid, N-acetylglucosamine (D-GlcNAc), N-acetylgalactosamine (D-GalNAc), galactose (D-Gal), mannose-like residues (D-Man) or L-fucose (L-Fuc), were used to determine changes in cell-surface carbohydrates of the protozoal parasite Trypanosomu cruzi during metacyclogenesis under chemically defined conditions. Of the D-GalNAc-binding lectins, BS-I selectively agglutinated metacyclic trypomastigotes, MPL was selective for replicating epimastigotes, whereas SBA strongly agglutinated all developmental stages of T. cruzi. WGA (sialic acid and/or D-GIcNAc specific) was also reactive with differentiating epimastigotes and metacyclic trypomastigotes but displayed a higher reactivity with replicating epimastigote forms. A progressive decrease in agglutinating activity was observed for jacaline (specific for D-Gal) during the metacyclogenesis process; conversely, a progressive increase in affinity was observed for RCA-I (D-Gabspecific), although the reactivity of other D-Gal-specific lectins (PNA and AxP) was strong at all developmental stages. All developmental stages of T. cruzi were agglutinated by Con A and Lens cufinaris lectins (specific for D-Man-like residues); however, they were unreactive with the L-fucose-binding lectins from Lotus tetrugonolobos and Ufex europueus. These agglutination assays were further confirmed by binding studies using I z51-labelled lectins. Neuraminidase activity was detected in supernatants of cell-free differentiation medium using the PNA hemagglutination test with human A erythrocytes. The most pronounced differences in lectin agglutination activity were observed between replicating and differentiating epimastigotes, suggesting that changes in the composition of accessible cell-surface carbohydrates precede the morphological transformation of epimastigotes into metacyclic trypomastigotes.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Changes in cell-surface carbohydrates of Trypanosoma cruzi during metacyclogenesis under chemically defined conditions","attachmentId":41843123,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/21380210/Changes_in_cell_surface_carbohydrates_of_Trypanosoma_cruzi_during_metacyclogenesis_under_chemically_defined_conditions","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/21380210/Changes_in_cell_surface_carbohydrates_of_Trypanosoma_cruzi_during_metacyclogenesis_under_chemically_defined_conditions"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="15272018" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15272018/Proteomic_analysis_of_metacyclic_trypomastigotes_undergoingTrypanosoma_cruzi_metacyclogenesis">Proteomic analysis of metacyclic trypomastigotes undergoingTrypanosoma cruzi metacyclogenesis</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34350731" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RosarioDur%C3%A1n">Rosario Durán</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Mass Spectrometry, 2007</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of the Chagas disease, has a complex life cycle alternating between replicative and noninfective forms with nonreplicative and infective forms of the parasite. Metacyclogenesis is a process that takes place in the invertebrate host, comprising morphogenetic transformation from a noninfective form to an infective form, such that parasites acquire the ability to invade human cells. We analyze here the metacyclogenesis process by 2D electrophoresis coupled to MALDI-TOF MS. A large proportion of unique proteins expressed during metacyclogenesis were observed. Interestingly, 50% of the spots were found to differ between epimastigotes and trypomastigotes. We provide a 2D map of the infective metacyclic trypomastigotes. Sixty six protein spots were successfully identified corresponding to 43 different proteins. We analyzed the expression profiles for the identified proteins along metacyclogenesis and classified them into three groups according to their maximal level of expression. We detected several isoforms for a number of proteins, some displaying differential expression during metacyclogenesis. These results suggest that posttranslational modifications may be a fundamental part of the parasite's strategy for regulating gene expression during differentiation. This study contributes to the identification of relevant proteins involved in the metacyclogenesis process. The identification and molecular characterization of these proteins will render vital information about the steps of the parasite differentiation into the infective form. metacyclic trypomastigotes, amastigotes and bloodstream trypomastigotes. Epimastigotes are extracellular. They replicate within the insect's mid-gut and differentiate into a nonreplicative form -metacyclic trypomastigotes -capable of infecting the vertebrate host. There are two prerequisites for this differentiation, which is known as metacyclogenesis: the parasites in the mid-posterior part of the gut must be subjected to stress and must adhere to the gut wall. Once differentiated, the metacyclic trypomastigotes are released in the excreta of triatomine insects after a blood meal and can invade the mammalian host through wounds or mucosa, infecting different cell types. Within host cells, the parasite differentiates into the intracellular, replicative, amastigote form. After several rounds of multiplication, cell-derived trypomastigotes that lyse the host cells are formed and released into the blood. These bloodstream trypomastigotes can infect new mammalian cells or another triatomine insect feeding on the mammalian host's blood, in which case they are transformed into epimastigotes.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Proteomic analysis of metacyclic trypomastigotes undergoingTrypanosoma cruzi metacyclogenesis","attachmentId":43378734,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/15272018/Proteomic_analysis_of_metacyclic_trypomastigotes_undergoingTrypanosoma_cruzi_metacyclogenesis","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/15272018/Proteomic_analysis_of_metacyclic_trypomastigotes_undergoingTrypanosoma_cruzi_metacyclogenesis"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="50414888" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50414888/Laboratory_techniques_to_obtain_different_forms_of_trypanosoma_cruzi_applications_to_wild_type_and_genetically_modified_parasites">Laboratory techniques to obtain different forms of trypanosoma cruzi: applications to wild-type and genetically modified parasites</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="48628711" href="https://conicet.academia.edu/ClaudioPereira">Claudio A Pereira</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Folia Parasitologica, 2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Nowadays, there are no simple techniques for mimicking in vitro the life cycle of the kinetoplasmtid Trypanosoma cruzi chagas, 1909, causative agent of chagas disease, especially for parasite strains maintained as epimastigotes for many years. in the present study, we propose a method for obtaining metacyclic trypomastigotes, which were capable of infecting mammalian cells by simply lowering pH media. the collected amastigotes and trypomastigotes were differentiated into epimastigotes closing T. cruzi life cycle in vitro. Metacyclogenesis rates and infectivity were enhanced in cycled parasites. Finally, using this method, we were able to infect cells with transgenic parasites obtaining trypomastigotes and amastigotes using a neomycin-resistant cell line.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Laboratory techniques to obtain different forms of trypanosoma cruzi: applications to wild-type and genetically modified parasites","attachmentId":68411771,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/50414888/Laboratory_techniques_to_obtain_different_forms_of_trypanosoma_cruzi_applications_to_wild_type_and_genetically_modified_parasites","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/50414888/Laboratory_techniques_to_obtain_different_forms_of_trypanosoma_cruzi_applications_to_wild_type_and_genetically_modified_parasites"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="17657046" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17657046/Influence_of_some_amino_acids_on_multiplication_and_metacyclogenesis_of_Trypanosoma_cruzi">Influence of some amino acids on multiplication and metacyclogenesis of Trypanosoma cruzi</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37557624" href="https://granada.academia.edu/FranciscoJavierAdroher">Francisco Javier Adroher</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Chemosphere, 1990</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Adroher, F.J., Osuna, A., Lupiáñez, J.A., 1990. Chemosphere 21, 269–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(90)90399-E Epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi were grown in absence of certain amino acids, which are labile to extreme values of pH. The growth and metacyclogenesis in these media were lesser than the control. When the epimastigotes of T. cruzi were grown in a medium without methionine, the growth was similar to the control, but the differentiation into metacyclic forms was significantly lesser than control. The influence of the amino acids studied in the growth and differentiation of T. cruzi is discussed. © 1990.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Influence of some amino acids on multiplication and metacyclogenesis of Trypanosoma cruzi","attachmentId":46541715,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/17657046/Influence_of_some_amino_acids_on_multiplication_and_metacyclogenesis_of_Trypanosoma_cruzi","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/17657046/Influence_of_some_amino_acids_on_multiplication_and_metacyclogenesis_of_Trypanosoma_cruzi"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="11556369" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11556369/Aspects_of_Trypanosoma_cruzi_Stage_Differentiation">Aspects of Trypanosoma cruzi Stage Differentiation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="28209640" href="https://incarcursos.academia.edu/SamuelGoldenberg">Samuel Goldenberg</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Advances in parasitology, 2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Aspects of Trypanosoma cruzi Stage Differentiation","attachmentId":43517084,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11556369/Aspects_of_Trypanosoma_cruzi_Stage_Differentiation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/11556369/Aspects_of_Trypanosoma_cruzi_Stage_Differentiation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="93575097" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/93575097/Changes_in_morphology_and_infectivity_of_cell_culture_derived_trypomastigotes_of_Trypanosoma_cruzi">Changes in morphology and infectivity of cell culture-derived trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="229684187" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RomanoPiras1">Romano Piras</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology, 1982</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi, obtained from the first burst of infected Vero cells, have only a limited invasive capability for fibroblastic cells. Intracellular amastigotes and epimastigotes do not infect these cells at all. Preincubation of the isolated trypomastigotes with Eagle's minimal essential medium/10% fetal calf serum increases 5-to 15-fold their in vitro infectivity. This increased invasive capability is accompanied, in the case of the EP strain of T. cruzi, by a morphological transformation into an amastigote-like or spheromastigote form, which is similar, but not identical to replicating intracellular amastigotes. Trypomastigotes from another isolate (BEC) also increase their infectivity several fold upon preincubation, but before any morphological differentiation occurs, suggesting that these two events are independent. The phenomenon of increased infective capability of the parasite is expressed similarly in different host cells. Parasite adhesion is stimulated 4-to 12-fold upon preincubation of the trypomastigotes. The type of serum used (fetal calf, calf, human) affects the development of infectivity, as well as the process of cell infection in itself, but not the morphological differentiation. These processes are also temperature-dependent. The highly infective parasitic forms do not synthetize DNA, but are active in RNA and protein synthesis. The results obtained indicate the existence in T. cruzi trypomastigotes of an active system for infecting fibroblastic cells, which is only partially expressed in trypomastigotes recently released from host fibroblasts but which can undergo a further extracellular maturation, thus allowing studies on the mechanism of infection in cell-free media.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Changes in morphology and infectivity of cell culture-derived trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi","attachmentId":96275853,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/93575097/Changes_in_morphology_and_infectivity_of_cell_culture_derived_trypomastigotes_of_Trypanosoma_cruzi","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/93575097/Changes_in_morphology_and_infectivity_of_cell_culture_derived_trypomastigotes_of_Trypanosoma_cruzi"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="72711648" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72711648/Cell_substrate_adhesion_during_Trypanosoma_cruzi_differentiation">Cell-substrate adhesion during Trypanosoma cruzi differentiation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="31729059" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SouzaWanderleyde">Wanderley de Souza</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">1988</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Cell-substrate adhesion during Trypanosoma cruzi differentiation","attachmentId":83909750,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/72711648/Cell_substrate_adhesion_during_Trypanosoma_cruzi_differentiation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/72711648/Cell_substrate_adhesion_during_Trypanosoma_cruzi_differentiation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":100884463,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":100884463,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_100884463" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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