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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Political career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Political career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Political_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Strategist_for_"Half-Breed"_Republicans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Strategist_for_"Half-Breed"_Republicans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Strategist for "Half-Breed" Republicans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Strategist_for_"Half-Breed"_Republicans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dawes_accepts_Blaine_into_Half-Breed_ranks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dawes_accepts_Blaine_into_Half-Breed_ranks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Dawes accepts Blaine into Half-Breed ranks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dawes_accepts_Blaine_into_Half-Breed_ranks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Support_for_civil_service_reform" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Support_for_civil_service_reform"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Support for civil service reform</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Support_for_civil_service_reform-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dawes_Act" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dawes_Act"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Dawes Act</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dawes_Act-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button 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Dawes</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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Dawes – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Henry L. Dawes" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%84._%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B2" title="هنری ال. داوز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هنری ال. داوز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_L._Dawes" title="Henry L. Dawes – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Henry L. 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American politician (1816–1903)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Senator Dawes" redirects here. For the Nebraska state senate member, see <a href="/wiki/James_W._Dawes" title="James W. Dawes">James W. Dawes</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Henry Laurens Dawes</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:HLDawes_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/HLDawes_%281%29.jpg/220px-HLDawes_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/95/HLDawes_%281%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="275" data-file-height="366" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 4, 1875 – March 3, 1893</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_B._Washburn" title="William B. Washburn">William B. Washburn</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge" title="Henry Cabot Lodge">Henry Cabot Lodge</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the<br /><a href="/wiki/U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a><br /> from Massachusetts</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />March 4, 1857 – March 4, 1875</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Trafton" title="Mark Trafton">Mark Trafton</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chester_W._Chapin" title="Chester W. Chapin">Chester W. Chapin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Constituency</th><td class="infobox-data"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts11 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_11th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 11th congressional district">11th district</a></span> (1857–1863)<br /><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts10 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_10th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 10th congressional district">10th district</a></span> (1863–1873)<br /><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts11 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_11th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 11th congressional district">11th district</a></span> (1873–1875)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Senate" title="Massachusetts Senate">Massachusetts Senate</a></span><br />from the <a href="/wiki/Berkshire_County,_Massachusetts" title="Berkshire County, Massachusetts">Berkshire</a> district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1850</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Z._Goodrich" title="John Z. Goodrich">John Z. Goodrich</a><br />William A. Phelps</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Richard P. Brown<br />Asa G. Welch</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives" title="Massachusetts House of Representatives">Massachusetts House of Representatives</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1848–1849<br />1852</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1816-10-30</span>)</span>October 30, 1816<br /><a href="/wiki/Cummington,_Massachusetts" title="Cummington, Massachusetts">Cummington, Massachusetts</a>, US</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">February 5, 1903<span style="display:none">(1903-02-05)</span> (aged 86)<br /><a href="/wiki/Pittsfield,_Massachusetts" title="Pittsfield, Massachusetts">Pittsfield, Massachusetts</a>, US</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">5</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data">Lawyer and Doctor</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_L._Dawes,_Representative_from_Massachusetts,_Thirty-fifth_Congress,_half-length_portrait_LCCN2010649211_(signature).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Henry L. Dawes's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Henry_L._Dawes%2C_Representative_from_Massachusetts%2C_Thirty-fifth_Congress%2C_half-length_portrait_LCCN2010649211_%28signature%29.jpg/128px-Henry_L._Dawes%2C_Representative_from_Massachusetts%2C_Thirty-fifth_Congress%2C_half-length_portrait_LCCN2010649211_%28signature%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Henry_L._Dawes%2C_Representative_from_Massachusetts%2C_Thirty-fifth_Congress%2C_half-length_portrait_LCCN2010649211_%28signature%29.jpg/192px-Henry_L._Dawes%2C_Representative_from_Massachusetts%2C_Thirty-fifth_Congress%2C_half-length_portrait_LCCN2010649211_%28signature%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Henry_L._Dawes%2C_Representative_from_Massachusetts%2C_Thirty-fifth_Congress%2C_half-length_portrait_LCCN2010649211_%28signature%29.jpg/256px-Henry_L._Dawes%2C_Representative_from_Massachusetts%2C_Thirty-fifth_Congress%2C_half-length_portrait_LCCN2010649211_%28signature%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1627" data-file-height="651" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Henry Laurens Dawes</b> (October 30, 1816 – February 5, 1903) was an attorney and politician, a <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senator">United States Senator</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Representative" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Representative">United States Representative</a> from Massachusetts. He is notable for the <a href="/wiki/Dawes_Act" title="Dawes Act">Dawes Act</a> (1887), which was intended to stimulate the assimilation of Native Americans by ending the tribal government and control of communal lands. Especially directed at the tribes in <a href="/wiki/Indian_Territory" title="Indian Territory">Indian Territory</a>, it provided for the allotment of tribal lands to individual households of tribal members, and for their being granted United States citizenship. This also made them subject to state and federal taxes. In addition, extinguishing tribal land claims in this territory later enabled the admission of <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> as a state in 1907. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_L._Dawes&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dawes was born in <a href="/wiki/Cummington,_Massachusetts" title="Cummington, Massachusetts">Cummington, Massachusetts</a>, in 1816. After graduating from <a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a> in 1839, he taught at <a href="/wiki/Greenfield,_Massachusetts" title="Greenfield, Massachusetts">Greenfield, Massachusetts</a>, and also edited <i>The Greenfield Gazette</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He studied law with an established firm, and in 1842, was admitted to the bar. He began the practice of law in the village of <a href="/wiki/North_Adams,_Massachusetts" title="North Adams, Massachusetts">North Adams, Massachusetts</a>. For a time he edited <i>The <a href="/wiki/North_Adams_Transcript" title="North Adams Transcript">North Adams Transcript</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_L._Dawes&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dawes joined the Republican Party and was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_House_of_Representatives" title="Massachusetts House of Representatives">Massachusetts House of Representatives</a>, serving in 1848–1849 and in 1852. He served in the state Senate in 1850. He was elected as a delegate to the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Constitutional_Convention_of_1853" title="Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1853">Massachusetts Constitutional Convention of 1853</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1853 to 1857, he served as appointed state district attorney for the western district of Massachusetts.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was elected to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> in 1856, serving multiple terms until 1875. In 1868, he received 2,000 shares of stock in the <a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%A9dit_Mobilier_of_America_scandal" class="mw-redirect" title="Crédit Mobilier of America scandal">Crédit Mobilier of America</a> railroad construction company from Representative <a href="/wiki/Oakes_Ames" title="Oakes Ames">Oakes Ames</a>, as part of the <a href="/wiki/Union_Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Pacific">Union Pacific</a> railway's influence-buying efforts. </p><p>In March 1871, Dawes supported federal financing for <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Vandeveer_Hayden" title="Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden">Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Hayden_Geological_Survey_of_1871" title="Hayden Geological Survey of 1871">fifth geological survey of the territories</a>, which became a driving force in the creation of <a href="/wiki/Yellowstone_National_Park" title="Yellowstone National Park">Yellowstone National Park</a>. Dawes's son, Chester Dawes, was a member of the survey team. <i>Annie</i>, the first commercial boat on Yellowstone Lake, was purportedly named after his daughter, Anna Dawes. In late 1871 and early 1872, Dawes became an ardent supporter of a bill to create <a href="/wiki/Yellowstone_National_Park" title="Yellowstone National Park">Yellowstone National Park</a> in order to preserve its wilderness and resources.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1875, he was chosen by the state legislature (as was the practice at the time) to succeed <a href="/wiki/William_B._Washburn" title="William B. Washburn">William B. Washburn</a> as <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senator">U.S. Senator</a> from Massachusetts. He served multiple terms, until 1893. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HenryLDawes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/HenryLDawes.jpg/200px-HenryLDawes.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/HenryLDawes.jpg/300px-HenryLDawes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/HenryLDawes.jpg/400px-HenryLDawes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4873" data-file-height="5375" /></a><figcaption>Henry L. Dawes</figcaption></figure> <p>During his long period of legislative activity, Dawes served in the House on the committees on elections, ways and means, and appropriations. He took a prominent part in passage of the anti-slavery and <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconstruction era of the United States">Reconstruction</a> measures during and after the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>, in tariff legislation, and in the establishment of a fish commission. He also initiated the production of daily weather reports to be provided by the federal government.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Senate, Dawes was chairman of the Committee on Indian Affairs. He concentrated on enactment of laws that he believed were for the benefit of the Indians. In the late 19th century, after the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Wars">Indian Wars</a>, there were widespread fears that the Indians were disappearing and that their tribes would cease to exist. In the West, Indians had been forced onto reservations and were struggling with poor lands and too little area, as well as encroachment by white settlers. In the East, most Indians were landless and were largely believed to have entered or been marginal to majority culture. Well-meaning people such as Dawes believed that the Indians had to assimilate to majority culture to survive, and should take up subsistence farming, still dominant in agriculture. </p><p>In 1869, Dawes became a founding member of the Monday Evening Club, a men's literary society in <a href="/wiki/Pittsfield,_Massachusetts" title="Pittsfield, Massachusetts">Pittsfield, Massachusetts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Strategist_for_"Half-Breed"_Republicans"><span id="Strategist_for_.22Half-Breed.22_Republicans"></span>Strategist for "Half-Breed" Republicans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_L._Dawes&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Strategist for "Half-Breed" Republicans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the presidency of <a href="/wiki/Rutherford_B._Hayes" title="Rutherford B. Hayes">Rutherford B. Hayes</a> (spanning 1877–81), Dawes was a prominent member of congressional "<a href="/wiki/Half-Breeds_(politics)" title="Half-Breeds (politics)">Half-Breeds</a>" within the Republican Party allied with Hayes' support for <a href="/wiki/Civil_service_reform_in_the_United_States" title="Civil service reform in the United States">civil service reform</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along with fellow Massachusetts senatorial Half-Breed <a href="/wiki/George_F._Hoar" title="George F. Hoar">George F. Hoar</a> and Rep. <a href="/wiki/John_Davis_Long" title="John Davis Long">John Davis Long</a>, he became one of the faction's leading strategists.<sup id="cite_ref-p.67-68_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p.67-68-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_presidential_election" title="1880 United States presidential election">1880 United States presidential election</a>, the agreed strategy planned was to prevent either former president <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a>, the leader of "<a href="/wiki/Stalwarts_(politics)" title="Stalwarts (politics)">Stalwarts</a>," nor <a href="/wiki/Blaine_faction" title="Blaine faction">Blaine faction</a> leader <a href="/wiki/James_G._Blaine" title="James G. Blaine">James G. Blaine</a> of Maine, from obtaining the nomination at the <a href="/wiki/Republican_National_Convention" title="Republican National Convention">Republican National Convention</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-p.67-68_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p.67-68-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead, the Half-Breeds would push to nominate faction member <a href="/wiki/George_F._Edmunds" title="George F. Edmunds">George F. Edmunds</a>, a senator from <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a>. </p><p>However, Sen. Hoar admonished Half-Breed supporters that Republican delegates should not make their preferences clearly visible to others.<sup id="cite_ref-p.67-68_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p.67-68-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the Massachusetts delegation did support Edmunds, the Vermont Half-Breed failed to garner enough support, and the faction ultimately formed an alliance with Blaine supporters in successfully nominating <a href="/wiki/James_A._Garfield" title="James A. Garfield">James A. Garfield</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dawes_accepts_Blaine_into_Half-Breed_ranks">Dawes accepts Blaine into Half-Breed ranks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_L._Dawes&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Dawes accepts Blaine into Half-Breed ranks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When President Garfield took office, Blaine was made <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="United States Secretary of State">United States Secretary of State</a> for the administration. The Maine Republican's credentials as a Half-Breed were spotty due to his history of antipathy towards civil service reform, though nonetheless were welcomed by Hoar and Dawes as a member of the faction.<sup id="cite_ref-p.67-68_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p.67-68-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Edmunds, who Half-Breeds supported in 1880, broke from Dawes and Hoar in refusing to accept Blaine as a genuine convert.<sup id="cite_ref-p.67-68_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p.67-68-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indeed, the Vermont senator refused to support Blaine when the latter was nominated by the Republican National Convention in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_1884" class="mw-redirect" title="United States presidential election, 1884">1884 presidential election</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Support_for_civil_service_reform">Support for civil service reform</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_L._Dawes&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Support for civil service reform"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like all early Half-Breeds who were relatively prominent during the Hayes presidency, Dawes supported civil service reform. During the presidency of <a href="/wiki/James_A._Garfield" title="James A. Garfield">James A. Garfield</a>, he wrote two letters at separate occasions in July 1881 on the matter.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dawes_Act">Dawes Act</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_L._Dawes&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Dawes Act"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>His most prominent achievement in Congress was the passage in 1887 of the <b>General Allotment Act of 1887</b> (<b><a href="/wiki/Dawes_Act" title="Dawes Act">Dawes Act</a></b>), ch. 119, 24 Stat. 388, <a href="/wiki/Title_25_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 25 of the United States Code">25 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/25/331">§ 331</a> <i>et seq.</i>, which authorized the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> to survey Indian tribal lands, and divide the area into allotments for the individual Indian or household. It was intended to assimilate Indians by breaking up their tribal governments and communal lands, and by encouraging them to undertake subsistence farming, then widespread in American society. It was enacted February 8, 1887, and named for Dawes, its sponsor. The Act was amended in 1891, 1898 by the <a href="/wiki/Curtis_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Curtis Act">Curtis Act</a>, and in 1906, by the <a href="/wiki/Burke_Act" title="Burke Act">Burke Act</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Dawes_Commission" title="Dawes Commission">Dawes Commission</a>, set up under an Indian Office appropriation bill in 1893, was created not to administer the Act but to attempt to persuade the tribes excluded from the Act by treaties to agree to the allotment plan. After gaining agreement from representatives of the <a href="/wiki/Five_Civilized_Tribes" title="Five Civilized Tribes">Five Civilized Tribes</a> in Indian Territory, the commission appointed registrars to register members on rolls prior to allotment of lands. Many tribes have since based membership and citizen qualifications on descent from persons listed as Indians on the <a href="/wiki/Dawes_Rolls" title="Dawes Rolls">Dawes Rolls</a>. (Also listed were freedmen of each tribe, and intermarried whites.) The <a href="/wiki/Curtis_Act_of_1898" title="Curtis Act of 1898">Curtis Act of 1898</a> extended the provisions of the Dawes Act to the Five Civilized Tribes, abolishing tribal jurisdiction of their communal lands.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On leaving the Senate in 1893, Dawes became chairman of the commission to the Five Civilized Tribes, also known as the Dawes Commission, and served for ten years. He negotiated with the tribes for the extinction of the communal title to their land and for the dissolution of the tribal governments. The goal was to make tribal members a constituent part of the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the process, Native American tribes lost about 90<span class="nowrap"> </span>million acres (360,000<span class="nowrap"> </span>km<sup>2</sup>) of treaty land, or about two thirds of their 1887 land base, over the life of the <a href="/wiki/Dawes_Act" title="Dawes Act">Dawes Act</a>. About 90,000 Indians were made landless. The Act forced Native people onto small tracts of land, distant from their kin relations. The allotment policy depleted the land base and ended hunting as a means of subsistence, creating a crisis for many tribes. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Coolidge_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Coolidge administration">Coolidge administration</a> studied the effects of the Dawes Act and the current conditions for Indians in what is known as the <i><a href="/wiki/Meriam_Report" title="Meriam Report">Meriam Report</a></i>, completed in 1928. It found that the Dawes Act had been used illegally to deprive Native Americans of their land rights. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_L._Dawes&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dawes died in <a href="/wiki/Pittsfield,_Massachusetts" title="Pittsfield, Massachusetts">Pittsfield, Massachusetts</a>, on February 5, 1903.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_L._Dawes&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Aidan_Quinn" title="Aidan Quinn">Aidan Quinn</a> played Dawes in the film <i><a href="/wiki/Bury_My_Heart_at_Wounded_Knee_(film)" title="Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee (film)">Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee</a></i>, adapted from a 1970 history of Native Americans, the United States, and the West written by <a href="/wiki/Dee_Brown_(writer)" title="Dee Brown (writer)">Dee Brown</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_L._Dawes&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Dawes,_Henry_Laurens" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Dawes, Henry Laurens">Dawes, Henry Laurens</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 873.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dawes%2C+Henry+Laurens&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=873&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+L.+Dawes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMerrill,_Marlene_Deahl1999" class="citation book cs1">Merrill, Marlene Deahl, ed. (1999). <i>Yellowstone and the Great West – Journals, Letters and Images from the 1871 Hayden Expedition</i>. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8032-3148-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8032-3148-2"><bdi>0-8032-3148-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yellowstone+and+the+Great+West+%E2%80%93+Journals%2C+Letters+and+Images+from+the+1871+Hayden+Expedition&rft.place=Lincoln%2C+NE&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-8032-3148-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+L.+Dawes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mondayeveningclub.blogspot.com/2009/08/clubs-historic-membership-roster-part-i.html">Monday Evening Club website</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Welch, Richard E., Jr. (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vermonthistory.org/journal/misc/GeorgeEdmunds.pdf"><i>George Edmunds of Vermont: Republican Half-Breed</i></a>, p. 65. <i>Vermont History</i>. Retrieved March 4, 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p.67-68-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-p.67-68_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p.67-68_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p.67-68_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p.67-68_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p.67-68_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>George Edmunds of Vermont</i>, p. 67–68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">July 22 1881. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1881/07/22/102753371.pdf">CIVIL SERVICE REFORM; SENATOR DAWES WRITES A LETTER ON THE SUBJECT.</a> <i>The New York Times</i>. Retrieved March 4, 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">July 30, 1881. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1881/07/30/102754881.pdf">CIVIL SERVICE REFORM; ANOTHER LETTER FROM SENATOR DAWES.</a> <i>The New York Times</i>. Retrieved March 4, 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1903/02/07/archives/henry-l-dawes.html">"Henry L. Dawes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>. February 7, 1903<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-09-18</span></span>. <q>Ex-Senator Dawes had been for ten years out of public life when he died, and ten years is a long while for the memory of public service to last in so busy a land<span class="nowrap"> </span>...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Henry+L.+Dawes&rft.date=1903-02-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1903%2F02%2F07%2Farchives%2Fhenry-l-dawes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+L.+Dawes" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_L._Dawes&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Henry_L._Dawes" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Henry L. Dawes">Henry L. Dawes</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_CongressD000148" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=D000148">"Henry L. Dawes (id: D000148)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=Henry+L.+Dawes+%28id%3A+D000148%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DD000148&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenry+L.+Dawes" class="Z3988"></span> Retrieved on 2009-04-23</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=50&page=transcript">"Dawes Act"</a>, Our Documents.gov website</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Trafton" title="Mark Trafton">Mark Trafton</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">U.S. House of Representatives</a> <br />from <span data-sort-value="Massachusetts11 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_11th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 11th congressional district">Massachusetts's 11th congressional district</a></span> </b><br />1857–1863 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>District eliminated </b> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Delano" title="Charles Delano">Charles Delano</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">U.S. House of Representatives</a> <br />from <span data-sort-value="Massachusetts10 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_10th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 10th congressional district">Massachusetts's 10th congressional district</a></span> </b><br />1863–1873 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alvah_Crocker" title="Alvah Crocker">Alvah Crocker</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New district</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">U.S. House of Representatives</a> <br />from <span data-sort-value="Massachusetts11 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_11th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 11th congressional district">Massachusetts's 11th congressional district</a></span> </b><br />1873–1875 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Chester_W._Chapin" title="Chester W. Chapin">Chester W. Chapin</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_B._Washburn" title="William B. Washburn">William B. Washburn</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts"> U.S. senator (Class 1) from Massachusetts</a> </b><br />1875–1893 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/George_S._Boutwell" title="George S. Boutwell">George S. Boutwell</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_F._Hoar" title="George F. Hoar">George F. Hoar</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge" title="Henry Cabot Lodge">Henry Cabot Lodge</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts109" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="Template:United States senators from Massachusetts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="Template talk:United States senators from Massachusetts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States senators from Massachusetts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts109" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States senators from Massachusetts">United States senators from Massachusetts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tristram_Dalton" title="Tristram Dalton">Dalton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Cabot" title="George Cabot">Cabot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Goodhue" title="Benjamin Goodhue">Goodhue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Mason_(politician)" title="Jonathan Mason (politician)">Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lloyd_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James Lloyd (Massachusetts politician)">Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Gore" title="Christopher Gore">Gore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_P._Ashmun" title="Eli P. Ashmun">Ashmun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prentiss_Mellen" title="Prentiss Mellen">Mellen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_H._Mills" title="Elijah H. Mills">Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster">Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_Choate" title="Rufus Choate">Choate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster">Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Charles_Winthrop" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Charles Winthrop">Winthrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rantoul_Jr." title="Robert Rantoul Jr.">Rantoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sumner" title="Charles Sumner">Sumner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Washburn" title="William B. Washburn">Washburn</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge" title="Henry Cabot Lodge">Lodge Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Butler" title="William M. Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_I._Walsh" title="David I. Walsh">Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge_Jr." title="Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.">Lodge Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">J. Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_A._Smith_II" title="Benjamin A. Smith II">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Kennedy" title="Ted Kennedy">E. Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_G._Kirk" title="Paul G. Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Brown_(politician)" title="Scott Brown (politician)">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Warren</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="United States Senate"><img alt="United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caleb_Strong" title="Caleb Strong">Strong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sedgwick" title="Theodore Sedgwick">Sedgwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Dexter" title="Samuel Dexter">Dexter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_Foster_(politician,_born_1757)" title="Dwight Foster (politician, born 1757)">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Pickering" title="Timothy Pickering">Pickering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bradley_Varnum" title="Joseph Bradley Varnum">Varnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Gray_Otis_(politician)" title="Harrison Gray Otis (politician)">Otis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Lloyd_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James Lloyd (Massachusetts politician)">Lloyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Silsbee" title="Nathaniel Silsbee">Silsbee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_(Massachusetts_governor)" title="John Davis (Massachusetts governor)">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_C._Bates" title="Isaac C. Bates">Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_(Massachusetts_governor)" title="John Davis (Massachusetts governor)">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Everett" title="Edward Everett">Everett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Rockwell" title="Julius Rockwell">Rockwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wilson" title="Henry Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Boutwell" title="George S. Boutwell">Boutwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Hoar" title="George F. Hoar">Hoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winthrop_M._Crane" title="Winthrop M. Crane">Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Weeks" title="John W. Weeks">J. Weeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_I._Walsh" title="David I. Walsh">Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_H._Gillett" title="Frederick H. Gillett">Gillett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_A._Coolidge" title="Marcus A. Coolidge">Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge_Jr." title="Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.">Lodge Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Weeks" title="Sinclair Weeks">S. Weeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leverett_Saltonstall" title="Leverett Saltonstall">Saltonstall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Brooke" title="Edward Brooke">Brooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Tsongas" title="Paul Tsongas">Tsongas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">Kerry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mo_Cowan" title="Mo Cowan">Cowan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">Markey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairs_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Environment_and_Public_Works515" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#default;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Senate_Environment_chairs" title="Template:US Senate Environment chairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Senate_Environment_chairs" title="Template talk:US Senate Environment chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Senate_Environment_chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Senate Environment chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairs_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Environment_and_Public_Works515" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chairs of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Environment_and_Public_Works" title="United States Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works">United States Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public Buildings<br /><span class="nobold">(1838–1857)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Fulton" title="William S. Fulton">Fulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Leeds_Kerr" title="John Leeds Kerr">Kerr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_L._Dayton" title="William L. Dayton">Dayton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Cameron" title="Simon Cameron">Cameron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_D._Bright" title="Jesse D. Bright">Bright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._T._Hunter" title="Robert M. T. Hunter">Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Whitcomb" title="James Whitcomb">Whitcomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Tillinghast_James" title="Charles Tillinghast James">James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Bayard_Jr." title="James A. Bayard Jr.">Bayard</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/90px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/135px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/180px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public Buildings and Grounds<br /><span class="nobold">(1857–1947)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_D._Bright" title="Jesse D. Bright">Bright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Foot" title="Solomon Foot">Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._Gratz_Brown" title="B. Gratz Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_P._Fessenden" title="William P. Fessenden">Fessenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_S._Morrill" title="Justin S. Morrill">Morrill</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Jones" title="Charles W. Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_H._Rollins" title="Edward H. Rollins">Rollins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Mahone" title="William Mahone">Mahone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leland_Stanford" title="Leland Stanford">Stanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Graham_Vest" title="George Graham Vest">Vest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Quay" title="Matthew Quay">Quay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Fairbanks" title="Charles W. Fairbanks">Fairbanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_E._Warren" title="Francis E. Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_B._Scott" title="Nathan B. Scott">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Sutherland" title="George Sutherland">Sutherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_A._Swanson" title="Claude A. Swanson">Swanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Reed_(politician)" title="James A. Reed (politician)">Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bert_M._Fernald" title="Bert M. Fernald">Fernald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irvine_Lenroot" title="Irvine Lenroot">Lenroot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_W._Keyes" title="Henry W. Keyes">Keyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Connally" title="Tom Connally">Connally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_T._Maloney" title="Francis T. Maloney">Maloney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_O._Andrews" title="Charles O. Andrews">Andrews</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public Works<br /><span class="nobold">(1947–1977)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chapman_Revercomb" title="Chapman Revercomb">Revercomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Dennis Chávez">Chávez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Martin_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="Edward Martin (Pennsylvania politician)">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Dennis Chávez">Chávez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_V._McNamara" title="Patrick V. McNamara">McNamara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennings_Randolph" title="Jennings Randolph">Randolph</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environment and Public Works<br /><span class="nobold">(1977–present)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jennings_Randolph" title="Jennings Randolph">Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Stafford" title="Robert Stafford">Stafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quentin_Burdick" title="Quentin Burdick">Burdick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan" title="Daniel Patrick Moynihan">Moynihan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Baucus" title="Max Baucus">Baucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chafee" title="John Chafee">Chafee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Smith_(New_Hampshire_politician)" title="Bob Smith (New Hampshire politician)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Reid" title="Harry Reid">Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Smith_(New_Hampshire_politician)" title="Bob Smith (New Hampshire politician)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Jeffords" title="Jim Jeffords">Jeffords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Inhofe" title="Jim Inhofe">Inhofe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Boxer" title="Barbara Boxer">Boxer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Inhofe" title="Jim Inhofe">Inhofe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Barrasso" title="John Barrasso">Barrasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Carper" title="Tom Carper">Carper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelley_Moore_Capito" title="Shelley Moore Capito">Moore Capito</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairs_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Indian_Affairs169" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#default;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Senate_Indian_Affairs_chairs" title="Template:US Senate Indian Affairs chairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Senate_Indian_Affairs_chairs" title="Template talk:US Senate Indian Affairs chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Senate_Indian_Affairs_chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Senate Indian Affairs chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairs_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Indian_Affairs169" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chairs of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Indian_Affairs" title="United States Senate Committee on Indian Affairs">United States Senate Committee on Indian Affairs</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Full Committee<br />(1820–1947)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Holmes_(politician)" title="David Holmes (politician)">Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Johnson_(Louisiana_politician)" title="Henry Johnson (Louisiana politician)">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hart_Benton_(politician)" title="Thomas Hart Benton (politician)">Benton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Lawson_White" title="Hugh Lawson White">H. White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Troup" title="George Troup">Troup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Lawson_White" title="Hugh Lawson White">H. White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Hundley_Sevier" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambrose Hundley Sevier">Sevier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_T._Morehead_(Kentucky_politician)" title="James T. Morehead (Kentucky politician)">Morehead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Smith_White" title="Albert Smith White">A. White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Hundley_Sevier" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambrose Hundley Sevier">Sevier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_P._Bagby" title="Arthur P. Bagby">Bagby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Rice_Atchison" title="David Rice Atchison">Atchison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_K._Sebastian" title="William K. Sebastian">Sebastian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_R._Doolittle" title="James R. Doolittle">Doolittle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Henderson" title="John B. Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Harlan_(Iowa_politician)" title="James Harlan (Iowa politician)">Harlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Buckingham" title="William A. Buckingham">Buckingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Allison" title="William B. Allison">Allison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Coke" title="Richard Coke">Coke</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Jones" title="James K. Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_F._Pettigrew" title="Richard F. Pettigrew">Pettigrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Thurston" title="John M. Thurston">Thurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Stewart" title="William M. Stewart">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_E._Clapp" title="Moses E. Clapp">Clapp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Gamble" title="Robert J. Gamble">Gamble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Stone" title="William J. Stone">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_F._Ashurst" title="Henry F. Ashurst">Ashurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Curtis" title="Charles Curtis">Curtis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selden_P._Spencer" title="Selden P. Spencer">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Harreld" title="John W. Harreld">Harreld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Frazier" title="Lynn Frazier">Frazier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burton_K._Wheeler" title="Burton K. Wheeler">Wheeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmer_Thomas" title="Elmer Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_C._O%27Mahoney" title="Joseph C. O'Mahoney">O'Mahoney</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States Senate"><img alt="Seal of the United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Select Committee<br />(1977–1993)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Abourezk" title="James Abourezk">Abourezk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Melcher" title="John Melcher">Melcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cohen" title="William Cohen">Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Andrews_(politician)" title="Mark Andrews (politician)">Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Inouye" title="Daniel Inouye">Inouye</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Full Committee<br />(1993–)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Inouye" title="Daniel Inouye">Inouye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">McCain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Nighthorse_Campbell" title="Ben Nighthorse Campbell">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Inouye" title="Daniel Inouye">Inouye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Nighthorse_Campbell" title="Ben Nighthorse Campbell">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Inouye" title="Daniel Inouye">Inouye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Nighthorse_Campbell" title="Ben Nighthorse Campbell">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">McCain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byron_Dorgan" title="Byron Dorgan">Dorgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Akaka" title="Daniel Akaka">Akaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Cantwell" title="Maria Cantwell">Cantwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Tester" title="Jon Tester">Tester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Barrasso" title="John Barrasso">Barrasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hoeven" title="John Hoeven">Hoeven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Schatz" title="Brian Schatz">Schatz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Murkowski" title="Lisa Murkowski">Murkowski</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives_from_Massachusetts2406" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="Template:United States representatives from Massachusetts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="Template talk:United States representatives from Massachusetts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States representatives from Massachusetts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives_from_Massachusetts2406" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_from_Massachusetts" title="List of United States representatives from Massachusetts">Members of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts01 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 1st congressional district">1st district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fisher_Ames" title="Fisher Ames">F. Ames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Dexter" title="Samuel Dexter">Dexter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Goodhue" title="Benjamin Goodhue">Goodhue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Holten" title="Samuel Holten">Holten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sedgwick" title="Theodore Sedgwick">Sedgwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomson_J._Skinner" title="Thomson J. Skinner">Skinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sedgwick" title="Theodore Sedgwick">Sedgwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bacon_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="John Bacon (Massachusetts politician)">J. Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Eustis" title="William Eustis">Eustis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Quincy_III" title="Josiah Quincy III">Quincy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemas_Ward_Jr." title="Artemas Ward Jr.">Ward Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Mason_(politician)" title="Jonathan Mason (politician)">Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Gorham" title="Benjamin Gorham">Gorham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster">Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Gorham" title="Benjamin Gorham">Gorham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Appleton" title="Nathan Appleton">N. Appleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Gorham" title="Benjamin Gorham">Gorham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbott_Lawrence" title="Abbott Lawrence">A. Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Fletcher_(American_politician)" title="Richard Fletcher (American politician)">Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbott_Lawrence" title="Abbott Lawrence">A. Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Charles_Winthrop" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Charles Winthrop">Winthrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Appleton" title="Nathan Appleton">N. Appleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Charles_Winthrop" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Charles Winthrop">Winthrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Atkins_Eliot_(politician)" title="Samuel Atkins Eliot (politician)">S. Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Appleton_(politician)" title="William Appleton (politician)">W. Appleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeno_Scudder" title="Zeno Scudder">Scudder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_D._Eliot" title="Thomas D. Eliot">T. D. Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bernard_Hall" title="Robert Bernard Hall">Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_D._Eliot" title="Thomas D. Eliot">T. D. Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Buffington_(politician)" title="James Buffington (politician)">Buffington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_W._Crapo" title="William W. Crapo">Crapo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_T._Davis" title="Robert T. Davis">R. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_S._Randall" title="Charles S. Randall">Randall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashley_B._Wright" title="Ashley B. Wright">Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_P._Lawrence" title="George P. Lawrence">G. Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_T._Treadway" title="Allen T. Treadway">Treadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Heselton" title="John W. Heselton">Heselton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvio_O._Conte" title="Silvio O. Conte">Conte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Olver" title="John Olver">Olver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neal" title="Richard Neal">Neal</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="21" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></span></span><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/100px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/150px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg/200px-Flag_of_Massachusetts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="900" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts02 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_2nd_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 2nd congressional district">2nd district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Goodhue" title="Benjamin Goodhue">Goodhue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_Foster_(politician,_born_1757)" title="Dwight Foster (politician, born 1757)">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lyman_(congressman)" title="William Lyman (congressman)">W. Lyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sedgwick" title="Theodore Sedgwick">Sedgwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemas_Ward" title="Artemas Ward">Ward Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lyman_(congressman)" title="William Lyman (congressman)">W. Lyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Shepard" title="William Shepard">Shepard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Crowninshield" title="Jacob Crowninshield">J. Crowninshield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Story" title="Joseph Story">Story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Pickman_Jr." title="Benjamin Pickman Jr.">Pickman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Reed_(politician)" title="William Reed (politician)">W. Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Pickering" title="Timothy Pickering">Pickering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Silsbee" title="Nathaniel Silsbee">Silsbee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Barstow" title="Gideon Barstow">Barstow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Williams_Crowninshield" title="Benjamin Williams Crowninshield">B. Crowninshield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_Choate" title="Rufus Choate">Choate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_C._Phillips" title="Stephen C. Phillips">Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leverett_Saltonstall_I" title="Leverett Saltonstall I">Saltonstall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_P._King" title="Daniel P. King">D. King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Rantoul_Jr." title="Robert Rantoul Jr.">Rantoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_B._Fay" title="Francis B. Fay">Fay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Crocker" title="Samuel L. Crocker">Crocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Buffington_(politician)" title="James Buffington (politician)">Buffington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakes_Ames" title="Oakes Ames">O. Ames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_W._Harris" title="Benjamin W. Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_Long" title="John Davis Long">Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_A._Morse" title="Elijah A. Morse">E. Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_H._Gillett" title="Frederick H. Gillett">Gillett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_B._Churchill" title="George B. Churchill">Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Bowles" title="Henry L. Bowles">Bowles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Kirk_Kaynor" title="Will Kirk Kaynor">Kaynor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Granfield" title="William J. Granfield">Granfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Clason" title="Charles R. Clason">Clason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foster_Furcolo" title="Foster Furcolo">Furcolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Boland" title="Edward Boland">Boland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neal" title="Richard Neal">Neal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">McGovern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts03 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_3rd_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district">3rd district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elbridge_Gerry" title="Elbridge Gerry">Gerry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shearjashub_Bourne" title="Shearjashub Bourne">Bourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peleg_Coffin_Jr." title="Peleg Coffin Jr.">Coffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Lyman" title="Samuel Lyman">S. Lyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_Mattoon" title="Ebenezer Mattoon">Mattoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manasseh_Cutler" title="Manasseh Cutler">Cutler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Nelson" title="Jeremiah Nelson">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_St._Loe_Livermore" title="Edward St. Loe Livermore">Livermore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_White_(politician)" title="Leonard White (politician)">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Pickering" title="Timothy Pickering">Pickering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Nelson" title="Jeremiah Nelson">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Varnum" title="John Varnum">Varnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Nelson" title="Jeremiah Nelson">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gayton_P._Osgood" title="Gayton P. Osgood">Osgood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caleb_Cushing" title="Caleb Cushing">Cushing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_Abbott" title="Amos Abbott">A. Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_H._Duncan" title="James H. Duncan">Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Wiley_Edmands" title="J. Wiley Edmands">Edmands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Damrell" title="William S. Damrell">Damrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Francis_Adams_Sr." title="Charles Francis Adams Sr.">C. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Thomas_(politician)" title="Benjamin Thomas (politician)">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_H._Rice" title="Alexander H. Rice">A. Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginery_Twichell" title="Ginery Twichell">Twichell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Whiting_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="William Whiting (Massachusetts politician)">Whiting I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Pierce" title="Henry L. Pierce">Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walbridge_A._Field" title="Walbridge A. Field">Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Dean" title="Benjamin Dean">B. Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walbridge_A._Field" title="Walbridge A. Field">Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Ranney" title="Ambrose Ranney">Ranney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Morse" title="Leopold Morse">L. Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Andrew" title="John F. Andrew">J. Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_H._Walker" title="Joseph H. Walker">Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._Thayer" title="John R. Thayer">J. R. Thayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockwood_Hoar" title="Rockwood Hoar">R. Hoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_G._Washburn" title="Charles G. Washburn">C. Washburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Thayer" title="John A. Thayer">J. A. Thayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wilder" title="William Wilder">Wilder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Paige" title="Calvin Paige">Paige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_H._Foss" title="Frank H. Foss">F. Foss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_E._Casey" title="Joseph E. Casey">Casey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_J._Philbin" title="Philip J. Philbin">Philbin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Drinan" title="Robert Drinan">Drinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Donohue" title="Harold Donohue">Donohue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_D._Early" title="Joseph D. Early">Early</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Blute" title="Peter Blute">Blute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_McGovern_(American_politician)" title="Jim McGovern (American politician)">McGovern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niki_Tsongas" title="Niki Tsongas">N. Tsongas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lori_Trahan" title="Lori Trahan">Trahan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts04 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_4th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 4th congressional district">4th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sedgwick" title="Theodore Sedgwick">Sedgwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dearborn" title="Henry Dearborn">Dearborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Thatcher" title="George Thatcher">G. Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peleg_Wadsworth" title="Peleg Wadsworth">Wadsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_Foster_(politician,_born_1757)" title="Dwight Foster (politician, born 1757)">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Lincoln_Sr." title="Levi Lincoln Sr.">L. Lincoln Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_Hastings" title="Seth Hastings">Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bradley_Varnum" title="Joseph Bradley Varnum">Varnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Richardson" title="William M. Richardson">W. Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Dana_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Samuel Dana (Massachusetts politician)">Dana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asahel_Stearns" title="Asahel Stearns">Stearns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Fuller" title="Timothy Fuller">Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Everett" title="Edward Everett">E. Everett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hoar" title="Samuel Hoar">Sa. Hoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Parmenter" title="William Parmenter">Parmenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Thompson_(politician)" title="Benjamin Thompson (politician)">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Palfrey" title="John G. Palfrey">Palfrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Thompson_(politician)" title="Benjamin Thompson (politician)">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Sabine" title="Lorenzo Sabine">Sabine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_H._Walley" title="Samuel H. Walley">Walley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linus_B._Comins" title="Linus B. Comins">Comins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_H._Rice" title="Alexander H. Rice">A. Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hooper" title="Samuel Hooper">Hooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_S._Frost" title="Rufus S. Frost">Frost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Gardner_Abbott" title="Josiah Gardner Abbott">J. Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Morse" title="Leopold Morse">L. Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Collins_(mayor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrick Collins (mayor)">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_H._O%27Neil" title="Joseph H. O'Neil">O'Neil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_D._Apsley" title="Lewis D. Apsley">Apsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Weymouth" title="George W. Weymouth">Weymouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Q._Tirrell" title="Charles Q. Tirrell">Tirrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Joseph_Mitchell" title="John Joseph Mitchell">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wilder" title="William Wilder">Wilder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Winslow" title="Samuel Winslow">Winslow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_R._Stobbs" title="George R. Stobbs">Stobbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pehr_G._Holmes" title="Pehr G. Holmes">P. Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Donohue" title="Harold Donohue">Donohue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Drinan" title="Robert Drinan">Drinan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barney_Frank" title="Barney Frank">Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Kennedy_III" title="Joe Kennedy III">Kennedy III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jake_Auchincloss" title="Jake Auchincloss">Auchincloss</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts05 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_5th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 5th congressional district">5th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Partridge" title="George Partridge">Partridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shearjashub_Bourne" title="Shearjashub Bourne">Bourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Freeman_Jr." title="Nathaniel Freeman Jr.">Freeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemuel_Williams" title="Lemuel Williams">L. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dwight_(politician)" title="Thomas Dwight (politician)">T. Dwight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ely" title="William Ely">Ely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_H._Mills" title="Elijah H. Mills">Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Lathrop" title="Samuel Lathrop">Lathrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Sibley" title="Jonas Sibley">Sibley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_(Massachusetts_governor)" title="John Davis (Massachusetts governor)">J. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Lincoln_Jr." title="Levi Lincoln Jr.">L. Lincoln Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Hudson_(American_politician)" title="Charles Hudson (American politician)">Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Allen_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Charles Allen (Massachusetts politician)">C. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Appleton_(politician)" title="William Appleton (politician)">W. Appleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anson_Burlingame" title="Anson Burlingame">Burlingame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Appleton_(politician)" title="William Appleton (politician)">W. Appleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hooper" title="Samuel Hooper">Hooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Alley" title="John B. Alley">Alley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Butler" title="Benjamin Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_W._Gooch" title="Daniel W. Gooch">Gooch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Banks" title="Nathaniel P. Banks">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selwyn_Z._Bowman" title="Selwyn Z. Bowman">Bowman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Morse" title="Leopold Morse">L. Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_D._Hayden" title="Edward D. Hayden">Hayden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Banks" title="Nathaniel P. Banks">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman_Hoar" title="Sherman Hoar">Sh. Hoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_T._Stevens" title="Moses T. Stevens">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Shadrach_Knox" class="mw-redirect" title="William Shadrach Knox">Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butler_Ames" title="Butler Ames">B. Ames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Jacob_Rogers" title="John Jacob Rogers">J. Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Nourse_Rogers" title="Edith Nourse Rogers">E. Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._Bradford_Morse" title="F. Bradford Morse">B. Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_W._Cronin" title="Paul W. Cronin">Cronin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Tsongas" title="Paul Tsongas">P. Tsongas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Shannon_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James Shannon (Massachusetts politician)">Shannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_G._Atkins" title="Chester G. Atkins">Atkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marty_Meehan" title="Marty Meehan">Meehan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niki_Tsongas" title="Niki Tsongas">N. Tsongas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">Markey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Clark" title="Katherine Clark">Clark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts06 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_6th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 6th congressional district">6th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Thatcher" title="George Thatcher">G. Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Leonard_(congressman)" title="George Leonard (congressman)">Leonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reed_Sr." title="John Reed Sr.">J. Reed Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Smith" title="Josiah Smith">J. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taggart" title="Samuel Taggart">Taggart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Clesson_Allen" title="Samuel Clesson Allen">S. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Locke_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="John Locke (Massachusetts politician)">Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_G._Kendall" title="Joseph G. Kendall">Kendall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Grennell_Jr." title="George Grennell Jr.">Grennell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_C._Alvord" title="James C. Alvord">Alvord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmyn_Baker" title="Osmyn Baker">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ashmun" title="George Ashmun">Ashmun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_T._Davis" title="George T. Davis">G. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wentworth_Upham" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Wentworth Upham">Upham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Davis_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Timothy Davis (Massachusetts politician)">T. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Alley" title="John B. Alley">Alley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_W._Gooch" title="Daniel W. Gooch">Gooch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Banks" title="Nathaniel P. Banks">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Butler" title="Benjamin Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Perkins_Thompson" title="Charles Perkins Thompson">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_B._Loring" title="George B. Loring">Loring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eben_F._Stone" title="Eben F. Stone">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_B._Lovering" title="Henry B. Lovering">Lovering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge" title="Henry Cabot Lodge">Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cogswell" title="William Cogswell">Cogswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Moody" title="William Henry Moody">Moody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Peabody_Gardner" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustus Peabody Gardner">Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willfred_W._Lufkin" title="Willfred W. Lufkin">Lufkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Piatt_Andrew" title="A. Piatt Andrew">A.P. Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_J._Bates" title="George J. Bates">G. Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Bates" title="William H. Bates">W. Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Harrington" title="Michael J. Harrington">Harrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Mavroules" title="Nicholas Mavroules">Mavroules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_G._Torkildsen" title="Peter G. Torkildsen">Torkildsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Tierney" title="John F. Tierney">Tierney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_Moulton" title="Seth Moulton">Moulton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts07 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_7th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 7th congressional district">7th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Leonard_(congressman)" title="George Leonard (congressman)">Leonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemas_Ward" title="Artemas Ward">Ward Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Leonard_(congressman)" title="George Leonard (congressman)">Leonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Bullock" title="Stephen Bullock">Bullock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phanuel_Bishop" title="Phanuel Bishop">Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahum_Mitchell" title="Nahum Mitchell">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Barker_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Joseph Barker (Massachusetts politician)">Barker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Baylies" title="William Baylies">Baylies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Turner_Jr." title="Charles Turner Jr.">Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Baylies" title="William Baylies">Baylies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Hulbert" title="John W. Hulbert">Hulbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Shaw_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Henry Shaw (Massachusetts politician)">Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_W._Dwight" title="Henry W. Dwight">H. Dwight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Clesson_Allen" title="Samuel Clesson Allen">S. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Grennell_Jr." title="George Grennell Jr.">Grennell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_N._Briggs" title="George N. Briggs">Briggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Rockwell" title="Julius Rockwell">J. Rockwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Z._Goodrich" title="John Z. Goodrich">Goodrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_P._Banks" title="Nathaniel P. Banks">Banks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_W._Gooch" title="Daniel W. Gooch">Gooch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Boutwell" title="George S. Boutwell">Boutwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Brooks" title="George M. Brooks">Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_C._Esty" title="Constantine C. Esty">Esty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_R._Hoar" title="Ebenezer R. Hoar">E. Hoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_K._Tarbox" title="John K. Tarbox">Tarbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Butler" title="Benjamin Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Russell_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="William A. Russell (Massachusetts politician)">W. Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eben_F._Stone" title="Eben F. Stone">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cogswell" title="William Cogswell">Cogswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Everett" title="William Everett">W. Everett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Emerson_Barrett" title="William Emerson Barrett">Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_W._Roberts" title="Ernest W. Roberts">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Francis_Phelan" title="Michael Francis Phelan">Phelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Maloney" title="Robert S. Maloney">Maloney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_P._Connery_Jr." title="William P. Connery Jr.">W. Connery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_J._Connery" title="Lawrence J. Connery">L. Connery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Lane" title="Thomas J. Lane">Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torbert_Macdonald" title="Torbert Macdonald">Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">Markey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Capuano" title="Mike Capuano">Capuano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayanna_Pressley" title="Ayanna Pressley">Pressley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts08 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_8th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 8th congressional district">8th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Grout" title="Jonathan Grout">Grout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Thatcher" title="George Thatcher">G. Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisher_Ames" title="Fisher Ames">F. Ames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Gray_Otis_(politician)" title="Harrison Gray Otis (politician)">Otis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Eustis" title="William Eustis">Eustis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemuel_Williams" title="Lemuel Williams">L. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_L._Green" title="Isaiah L. Green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Gardner" title="Gideon Gardner">Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah_L._Green" title="Isaiah L. Green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reed_Jr." title="John Reed Jr.">J. Reed Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Baylies" title="William Baylies">Baylies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zabdiel_Sampson" title="Zabdiel Sampson">Sampson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Hobart" title="Aaron Hobart">Hobart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Lathrop" title="Samuel Lathrop">Lathrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_C._Bates" title="Isaac C. Bates">Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Calhoun" title="William B. Calhoun">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">J. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Mann" title="Horace Mann">Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tappan_Wentworth" title="Tappan Wentworth">Wentworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauncey_L._Knapp" title="Chauncey L. Knapp">Knapp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_R._Train" title="Charles R. Train">Train</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Denison_Baldwin" class="mw-redirect" title="John Denison Baldwin">Baldwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Hoar" title="George F. Hoar">G. Hoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._S._Williams" title="John M. S. Williams">J. M. S. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_W._Warren" title="William W. Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Claflin" title="William Claflin">Claflin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Candler" title="John W. Candler">Candler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Russell_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="William A. Russell (Massachusetts politician)">W Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Herbert_Allen" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Herbert Allen">C. H. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_T._Greenhalge" title="Frederic T. Greenhalge">Greenhalge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_T._Stevens" title="Moses T. Stevens">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_W._McCall" title="Samuel W. McCall">McCall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Simpson_Deitrick" title="Frederick Simpson Deitrick">Deitrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_W._Dallinger" title="Frederick W. Dallinger">Dallinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Irving_Thayer" title="Harry Irving Thayer">H. Thayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_W._Dallinger" title="Frederick W. Dallinger">Dallinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Daniel_Healey" title="Arthur Daniel Healey">Healey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angier_Goodwin" title="Angier Goodwin">Goodwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torbert_Macdonald" title="Torbert Macdonald">Macdonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_P._Kennedy_II" title="Joseph P. Kennedy II">Kennedy II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Capuano" title="Mike Capuano">Capuano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Lynch_(politician)" title="Stephen Lynch (politician)">Lynch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts09 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_9th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 9th congressional district">9th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bradley_Varnum" title="Joseph Bradley Varnum">Varnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phanuel_Bishop" title="Phanuel Bishop">Bishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Dean" title="Josiah Dean">J. Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laban_Wheaton" title="Laban Wheaton">Wheaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reed_Jr." title="John Reed Jr.">J. Reed Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Folger_Jr." title="Walter Folger Jr.">Folger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reed_Jr." title="John Reed Jr.">J. Reed Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_W._Dwight" title="Henry W. Dwight">H. Dwight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_N._Briggs" title="George N. Briggs">Briggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jackson_(Massachusetts_politician,_born_1783)" title="William Jackson (Massachusetts politician, born 1783)">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Soden_Hastings" title="William Soden Hastings">Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Williams_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Henry Williams (Massachusetts politician)">H. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemas_Hale" title="Artemas Hale">Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orin_Fowler" title="Orin Fowler">Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_P._Little" title="Edward P. Little">Little</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_De_Witt" title="Alexander De Witt">De Witt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_Thayer" title="Eli Thayer">E. Thayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldsmith_Bailey" title="Goldsmith Bailey">Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amasa_Walker" title="Amasa Walker">A. Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Washburn" title="William B. Washburn">W. Washburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvah_Crocker" title="Alvah Crocker">Crocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Hoar" title="George F. Hoar">G. Hoar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_W._Rice" title="William W. Rice">W. Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Lyman_III" title="Theodore Lyman III">T. Lyman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_D._Ely" title="Frederick D. Ely">Ely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Burnett" title="Edward Burnett">Burnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Candler" title="John W. Candler">Candler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_F._Williams" title="George F. Williams">G. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_H._O%27Neil" title="Joseph H. O'Neil">O'Neil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Fitzgerald" title="John F. Fitzgerald">Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_A._Conry" title="Joseph A. Conry">Conry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Keliher" title="John A. Keliher">Keliher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Francis_Murray" title="William Francis Murray">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_W._Roberts" title="Ernest W. Roberts">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvan_T._Fuller" title="Alvan T. Fuller">Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Underhill" title="Charles L. Underhill">Underhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Luce" title="Robert Luce">Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Russell" title="Richard M. Russell">R. Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Luce" title="Robert Luce">Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Eliot" title="Thomas H. Eliot">T. H. Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Gifford" title="Charles L. Gifford">Gifford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_W._Nicholson" title="Donald W. Nicholson">Nicholson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings_Keith" title="Hastings Keith">Keith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._McCormack" title="John W. McCormack">McCormack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Day_Hicks" title="Louise Day Hicks">Hicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Moakley" title="Joe Moakley">Moakley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Lynch_(politician)" title="Stephen Lynch (politician)">Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Keating_(politician)" title="Bill Keating (politician)">Keating</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts10 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_10th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 10th congressional district">10th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Goodhue" title="Benjamin Goodhue">Goodhue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Sewall_(congressman)" title="Samuel Sewall (congressman)">Sewall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Read" title="Nathan Read">Read</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_Hastings" title="Seth Hastings">Hastings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabez_Upham" title="Jabez Upham">Upham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Allen_(congressman)" title="Joseph Allen (congressman)">J. Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_Brigham" title="Elijah Brigham">Brigham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laban_Wheaton" title="Laban Wheaton">Wheaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Morton" title="Marcus Morton">Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Baylies" title="Francis Baylies">F Baylies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bailey_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="John Bailey (Massachusetts politician)">Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Alexander_Scammell_Dearborn" title="Henry Alexander Scammell Dearborn">H. A. S. Dearborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Baylies" title="William Baylies">W. Baylies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_B._Borden" title="Nathaniel B. Borden">Borden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Williams_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Henry Williams (Massachusetts politician)">H. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_B._Borden" title="Nathaniel B. Borden">Borden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barker_Burnell" title="Barker Burnell">Burnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Grinnell_(politician)" title="Joseph Grinnell (politician)">Grinnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeno_Scudder" title="Zeno Scudder">Scudder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Dickinson" title="Edward Dickinson">Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_C._Chaffee" title="Calvin C. Chaffee">Chaffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Delano" title="Charles Delano">Delano</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvah_Crocker" title="Alvah Crocker">Crocker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Stevens" title="Charles A. Stevens">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Hawley_Seelye" title="Julius Hawley Seelye">Seelye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amasa_Norcross" title="Amasa Norcross">Norcross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_W._Rice" title="William W. Rice">W. Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_E._Russell" title="John E. Russell">J. E. Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_H._Walker" title="Joseph H. Walker">J. Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._McEttrick" title="Michael J. McEttrick">McEttrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harrison_Henry_Atwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Harrison Henry Atwood">Atwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Barrows" title="Samuel J. Barrows">Barrows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_F._Naphen" title="Henry F. Naphen">Naphen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._McNary" title="William S. McNary">McNary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_F._O%27Connell" title="Joseph F. O'Connell">O'Connell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Michael_Curley" title="James Michael Curley">Curley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Francis_Murray" title="William Francis Murray">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Francis_Tague" title="Peter Francis Tague">Tague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Fitzgerald" title="John F. Fitzgerald">Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Francis_Tague" title="Peter Francis Tague">Tague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Douglass" title="John J. Douglass">Douglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Tinkham" title="George H. Tinkham">Tinkham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Herter" title="Christian Herter">Herter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurence_Curtis" title="Laurence Curtis">Curtis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Martin_Jr." title="Joseph W. Martin Jr.">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Heckler" title="Margaret Heckler">Heckler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Studds" title="Gerry Studds">Studds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Delahunt" title="Bill Delahunt">Delahunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Keating_(politician)" title="Bill Keating (politician)">Keating</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts11 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_11th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 11th congressional district">11th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_Bradbury" title="Theophilus Bradbury">Bradbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailey_Bartlett" title="Bailey Bartlett">Bartlett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manasseh_Cutler" title="Manasseh Cutler">Cutler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Stedman" title="William Stedman">Stedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abijah_Bigelow" title="Abijah Bigelow">A. Bigelow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_Brigham" title="Elijah Brigham">Brigham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Adams_(politician)" title="Benjamin Adams (politician)">B. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Russell" title="Jonathan Russell">J. Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Hobart" title="Aaron Hobart">Hobart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Richardson_(American_politician)" title="Joseph Richardson (American politician)">J. Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">J. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reed_Jr." title="John Reed Jr.">J. Reed Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barker_Burnell" title="Barker Burnell">Burnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Z._Goodrich" title="John Z. Goodrich">Goodrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Trafton" title="Mark Trafton">Trafton</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_W._Chapin" title="Chester W. Chapin">Chapin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_D._Robinson" title="George D. Robinson">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Whiting_II" title="William Whiting II">Whiting II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodney_Wallace_(politician)" title="Rodney Wallace (politician)">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_S._Coolidge" title="Frederick S. Coolidge">Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Franklin_Draper_(politician)" title="William Franklin Draper (politician)">Draper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Sprague" title="Charles F. Sprague">Sprague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Powers" title="Samuel L. Powers">Powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Andrew_Sullivan" title="John Andrew Sullivan">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_James_Peters" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew James Peters">Peters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Tinkham" title="George H. Tinkham">Tinkham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Douglass" title="John J. Douglass">Douglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Patrick_Higgins" class="mw-redirect" title="John Patrick Higgins">Higgins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Flaherty" title="Thomas A. Flaherty">Flaherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Michael_Curley" title="James Michael Curley">Curley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tip_O%27Neill" title="Tip O'Neill">O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Burke_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James A. Burke (Massachusetts politician)">Burke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_J._Donnelly" title="Brian J. Donnelly">Donnelly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts12 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_12th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 12th congressional district">12th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Dearborn" title="Henry Dearborn">H. Dearborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Parker_(Massachusetts_judge)" title="Isaac Parker (Massachusetts judge)">I. Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas_Lee" title="Silas Lee">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Thatcher" title="Samuel Thatcher">S. Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomson_J._Skinner" title="Thomson J. Skinner">Skinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Larned" title="Simon Larned">Larned</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnabas_Bidwell" title="Barnabas Bidwell">Bidwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel_Bacon" title="Ezekiel Bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Dewey" title="Daniel Dewey">Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Hulbert" title="John W. Hulbert">Hulbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Strong" title="Solomon Strong">Strong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonas_Kendall" title="Jonas Kendall">Kendall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Bigelow" title="Lewis Bigelow">L. Bigelow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Baylies" title="Francis Baylies">Baylies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_L._Hodges" title="James L. Hodges">Hodges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">J. Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_D._Robinson" title="George D. Robinson">Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_W._Rockwell_(politician)" title="Francis W. Rockwell (politician)">F. Rockwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Crawford_Crosby" title="John Crawford Crosby">Crosby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_A._Morse" title="Elijah A. Morse">E. Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_C._Lovering" title="William C. Lovering">Lovering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Powers" title="Samuel L. Powers">Powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Weeks" title="John W. Weeks">Weeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Michael_Curley" title="James Michael Curley">Curley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Gallivan" title="James A. Gallivan">Gallivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._McCormack" title="John W. McCormack">McCormack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastings_Keith" title="Hastings Keith">Keith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerry_Studds" title="Gerry Studds">Studds</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts13 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_13th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 13th congressional district">13th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peleg_Wadsworth" title="Peleg Wadsworth">Wadsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_Seaver" title="Ebenezer Seaver">Seaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Ruggles" title="Nathaniel Ruggles">Ruggles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Dowse" title="Edward Dowse">Dowse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Eustis" title="William Eustis">Eustis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Reed_Jr." title="John Reed Jr.">J. Reed Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_S._Randall" title="Charles S. Randall">Randall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Simpkins" title="John Simpkins">Simpkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Greene" title="William S. Greene">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Weeks" title="John W. Weeks">Weeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Joseph_Mitchell" title="John Joseph Mitchell">Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Carter" title="William Henry Carter">Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Luce" title="Robert Luce">Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Wigglesworth" title="Richard B. Wigglesworth">Wigglesworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Burke_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James A. Burke (Massachusetts politician)">Burke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts14 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_14th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 14th congressional district">14th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Thatcher" title="George Thatcher">G. Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Cutts" title="Richard Cutts">Cutts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_King" title="Cyrus King">C. King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Holmes_(Maine_politician)" title="John Holmes (Maine politician)">J. Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_C._Lovering" title="William C. Lovering">Lovering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Foss" title="Eugene Foss">E. Foss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_O._Harris" title="Robert O. Harris">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Gilmore" title="Edward Gilmore">Gilmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Olney_II" title="Richard Olney II">Olney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_A._Frothingham" title="Louis A. Frothingham">Frothingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Wigglesworth" title="Richard B. Wigglesworth">Wigglesworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Martin_Jr." title="Joseph W. Martin Jr.">Martin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts15 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_15th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 15th congressional district">15th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peleg_Wadsworth" title="Peleg Wadsworth">Wadsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Ilsley" title="Daniel Ilsley">Ilsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel_Whitman" title="Ezekiel Whitman">Whitman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Widgery" title="William Widgery">Widgery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bradbury_(American_politician)" title="George Bradbury (American politician)">Bradbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel_Whitman" title="Ezekiel Whitman">Whitman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Greene" title="William S. Greene">Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._Leach" title="Robert M. Leach">Leach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Martin_Jr." title="Joseph W. Martin Jr.">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Gifford" title="Charles L. Gifford">Gifford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts16 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_16th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 16th congressional district">16th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Thatcher" title="Samuel Thatcher">S. Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchard_Cook" title="Orchard Cook">Cook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peleg_Tallman" title="Peleg Tallman">Tallman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Davis_(American_politician)" title="Samuel Davis (American politician)">S. Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Brown_(politician)" title="Benjamin Brown (politician)">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Orr_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Benjamin Orr (Massachusetts politician)">Orr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Langdon_Hill" title="Mark Langdon Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Chandler_Thacher" title="Thomas Chandler Thacher">Thacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Walsh_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="Joseph Walsh (Massachusetts politician)">Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_L._Gifford" title="Charles L. Gifford">Gifford</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts17 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_17th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 17th congressional district">17th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phineas_Bruce" title="Phineas Bruce">Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chandler" title="John Chandler">Chandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barzillai_Gannett" title="Barzillai Gannett">Gannett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Carr_(District_of_Maine_politician)" title="Francis Carr (District of Maine politician)">F. Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abiel_Wood" title="Abiel Wood">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Carr_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James Carr (Massachusetts politician)">J. Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wilson_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="John Wilson (Massachusetts politician)">Wilson</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Kinsley" title="Martin Kinsley">Kinsley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts18 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_18th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 18th congressional district">18th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Wilson_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="John Wilson (Massachusetts politician)">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Rice_(1768)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Rice (1768)">T. Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Parker_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James Parker (Massachusetts politician)">J. Parker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts19 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_19th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 19th congressional district">19th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Parker_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="James Parker (Massachusetts politician)">J. Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_S._Conner" title="Samuel S. Conner">Conner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Gage" title="Joshua Gage">Gage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Cushman" title="Joshua Cushman">Cushman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="Massachusetts20 !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_20th_congressional_district" title="Massachusetts's 20th congressional district">20th district</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Levi_Hubbard" title="Levi Hubbard">Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albion_Parris" title="Albion Parris">Parris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoch_Lincoln" title="Enoch Lincoln">E. Lincoln</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span data-sort-value="MassachusettsAL !"><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_at-large_congressional_seat" title="Massachusetts's at-large congressional seat">At-large</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Cobb_(Massachusetts_politician)" title="David Cobb (Massachusetts politician)">Cobb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairs_of_the_United_States_House_Committee_on_Appropriations113" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_House_Appropriations_chairs" title="Template:US House Appropriations chairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_House_Appropriations_chairs" title="Template talk:US House Appropriations chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_House_Appropriations_chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US House Appropriations chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairs_of_the_United_States_House_Committee_on_Appropriations113" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Appropriations" title="United States House Committee on Appropriations">Chairs of the United States House Committee on Appropriations</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_Stevens" title="Thaddeus Stevens">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elihu_B._Washburne" title="Elihu B. Washburne">Washburne</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Garfield" title="James A. Garfield">Garfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Randall" title="Samuel J. Randall">Randall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiester_Clymer" title="Hiester Clymer">Clymer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Holman" title="William S. Holman">Holman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_DeWitt_Clinton_Atkins" class="mw-redirect" title="John DeWitt Clinton Atkins">Atkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Hiscock" title="Frank Hiscock">Hiscock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Randall" title="Samuel J. Randall">Randall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Gurney_Cannon" title="Joseph Gurney Cannon">J. Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_S._Holman" title="William S. Holman">Holman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_D._Sayers" title="Joseph D. Sayers">Sayers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Gurney_Cannon" title="Joseph Gurney Cannon">J. Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Hemenway" title="James A. Hemenway">Hemenway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Albertus_Tawney" class="mw-redirect" title="James Albertus Tawney">Tawney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_J._Fitzgerald" title="John J. Fitzgerald">Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Swagar_Sherley" title="J. Swagar Sherley">Sherley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_William_Good" class="mw-redirect" title="James William Good">Good</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Russell_Davis" title="Charles Russell Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_B._Madden" title="Martin B. Madden">Madden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Read_Anthony_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Read Anthony Jr.">Anthony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_R._Wood_(Indiana_politician)" title="William R. Wood (Indiana politician)">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Byrns_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph W. Byrns Sr.">Byrns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_P._Buchanan" title="James P. Buchanan">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_T._Taylor" title="Edward T. Taylor">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Cannon" title="Clarence Cannon">C. Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Taber" title="John Taber">Taber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Cannon" title="Clarence Cannon">C. Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Taber" title="John Taber">Taber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Cannon" title="Clarence Cannon">C. Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Mahon" title="George H. Mahon">Mahon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamie_Whitten" title="Jamie Whitten">Whitten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Natcher" title="William Natcher">Natcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Obey" title="Dave Obey">Obey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Livingston" title="Bob Livingston">Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Young_(Florida_politician)" title="Bill Young (Florida politician)">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Lewis_(California_politician)" title="Jerry Lewis (California politician)">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Obey" title="Dave Obey">Obey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Rogers" title="Hal Rogers">Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodney_Frelinghuysen" title="Rodney Frelinghuysen">Frelinghuysen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nita_Lowey" title="Nita Lowey">Lowey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_DeLauro" title="Rosa DeLauro">DeLauro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay_Granger" title="Kay Granger">Granger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Cole" title="Tom Cole">Cole</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States House of Representatives"><img alt="Seal of the United States House of Representatives" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/113px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairmen_of_the_United_States_House_Committee_on_Ways_and_Means152" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_House_Ways_and_Means_chairs" title="Template:US House Ways and Means chairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_House_Ways_and_Means_chairs" title="Template talk:US House Ways and Means chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_House_Ways_and_Means_chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US House Ways and Means chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairmen_of_the_United_States_House_Committee_on_Ways_and_Means152" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Ways_and_Means" title="United States House Committee on Ways and Means">Chairmen of the United States House Committee on Ways and Means</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fitzsimons" title="Thomas Fitzsimons">Fitzsimons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Loughton_Smith" title="William Loughton Smith">W. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Goodloe_Harper" title="Robert Goodloe Harper">Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Griswold" title="Roger Griswold">Griswold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Randolph_of_Roanoke" title="John Randolph of Roanoke">Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Clay" title="Joseph Clay">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Campbell" title="George W. Campbell">G. Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wayles_Eppes" title="John Wayles Eppes">Eppes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel_Bacon" title="Ezekiel Bacon">Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langdon_Cheves" title="Langdon Cheves">Cheves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wayles_Eppes" title="John Wayles Eppes">Eppes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lowndes_(congressman)" title="William Lowndes (congressman)">Lowndes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Smith_(Maryland_politician)" title="Samuel Smith (Maryland politician)">S. Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_McLane" title="Louis McLane">McLane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Randolph_of_Roanoke" title="John Randolph of Roanoke">Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_McDuffie" title="George McDuffie">McDuffie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulian_C._Verplanck" title="Gulian C. Verplanck">Verplanck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">Polk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churchill_C._Cambreleng" title="Churchill C. Cambreleng">Cambreleng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Winston_Jones" title="John Winston Jones">J. W. Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Fillmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_I._McKay" title="James I. McKay">McKay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_F._Vinton" title="Samuel F. Vinton">Vinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Bayly" title="Thomas H. Bayly">Bayly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Houston" title="George S. Houston">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_D._Campbell" title="Lewis D. Campbell">L. Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Glancy_Jones" title="J. Glancy Jones">J. G. Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_S._Phelps" title="John S. Phelps">Phelps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sherman" title="John Sherman">Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaddeus_Stevens" title="Thaddeus Stevens">Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_S._Morrill" title="Justin S. Morrill">Morrill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Schenck" title="Robert C. Schenck">Schenck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Hooper" title="Samuel Hooper">Hooper</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ralls_Morrison" title="William Ralls Morrison">Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Wood" title="Fernando Wood">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Randolph_Tucker_(politician)" title="J. Randolph Tucker (politician)">Tucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_D._Kelley" title="William D. Kelley">Kelley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ralls_Morrison" title="William Ralls Morrison">Morrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Q._Mills" title="Roger Q. Mills">R. Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">McKinley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McKendree_Springer" title="William McKendree Springer">Springer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lyne_Wilson" title="William Lyne Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Dingley_Jr." title="Nelson Dingley Jr.">Dingley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sereno_E._Payne" title="Sereno E. Payne">Payne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Underwood" title="Oscar Underwood">Underwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Kitchin" title="Claude Kitchin">Kitchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_W._Fordney" title="Joseph W. Fordney">Fordney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_R._Green" title="William R. Green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willis_C._Hawley" title="Willis C. Hawley">Hawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Collier_(politician)" title="James Collier (politician)">Collier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Doughton" title="Robert L. Doughton">Doughton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Knutson" title="Harold Knutson">Knutson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Doughton" title="Robert L. Doughton">Doughton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_A._Reed_(politician)" title="Daniel A. Reed (politician)">Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jere_Cooper" title="Jere Cooper">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilbur_Mills" title="Wilbur Mills">W. Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Ullman" title="Al Ullman">Ullman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Rostenkowski" title="Dan Rostenkowski">Rostenkowski</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sam_Gibbons" title="Sam Gibbons">Gibbons</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Archer" title="Bill Archer">Archer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Thomas" title="Bill Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Rangel" title="Charles Rangel">Rangel</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sander_Levin" title="Sander Levin">Levin</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Camp" title="Dave Camp">Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ryan" title="Paul Ryan">Ryan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sam_Johnson" title="Sam Johnson">Johnson</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Brady" title="Kevin Brady">Brady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Neal" title="Richard Neal">Neal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Smith_(American_politician)" title="Jason Smith (American politician)">J. Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States House of Representatives"><img alt="Seal of the United States House of Representatives" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/113px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><i>Italics</i> indicates acting chairman</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Deans_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives106" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_House_deans" title="Template:US House deans"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_House_deans" title="Template talk:US House deans"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_House_deans" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US House deans"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Deans_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives106" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dean_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Dean of the United States House of Representatives">Deans of the United States House of Representatives</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Muhlenberg" title="Frederick Muhlenberg">Muhlenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hartley" title="Thomas Hartley">Hartley</a>/<a href="/wiki/George_Thatcher" title="George Thatcher">Thatcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Barry_Grove" title="William Barry Grove">Grove</a>/<a href="/wiki/Andrew_Gregg" title="Andrew Gregg">Gregg</a>/<a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Macon" title="Nathaniel Macon">Macon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Stanford_(American_politician)" title="Richard Stanford (American politician)">Stanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davenport_(Connecticut_politician)" title="John Davenport (Connecticut politician)">Davenport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Newton_Jr." title="Thomas Newton Jr.">Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McCoy_(congressman)" title="William McCoy (congressman)">McCoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Williams_(politician)" title="Lewis Williams (politician)">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Everett" title="Horace Everett">Everett</a>/<a href="/wiki/Dixon_Hall_Lewis" class="mw-redirect" title="Dixon Hall Lewis">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">Adams</a>/<a href="/wiki/James_Iver_McKay" class="mw-redirect" title="James Iver McKay">McKay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linn_Boyd" title="Linn Boyd">Boyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Reed_Giddings" title="Joshua Reed Giddings">Giddings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_S._Phelps" title="John S. Phelps">Phelps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elihu_B._Washburne" title="Elihu B. Washburne">Washburne</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_D._Kelley" title="William D. Kelley">Kelley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Randall" title="Samuel J. Randall">Randall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Gurney_Cannon" title="Joseph Gurney Cannon">Cannon</a>/<a href="/wiki/Roger_Q._Mills" title="Roger Q. Mills">Mills</a>/<a href="/wiki/James_Henderson_Blount" title="James Henderson Blount">Blount</a>/<a href="/wiki/Richard_P._Bland" title="Richard P. Bland">Bland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_B._Culberson" title="David B. Culberson">Culberson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Brackett_Reed" title="Thomas Brackett Reed">Reed</a>/<a href="/wiki/Alfred_C._Harmer" title="Alfred C. Harmer">Harmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_H._Bingham" title="Henry H. Bingham">Bingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dalzell" title="John Dalzell">Dalzell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sereno_E._Payne" title="Sereno E. Payne">Payne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Atkinson_Jones" title="William Atkinson Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Allen_Cooper" title="Henry Allen Cooper">Cooper</a>/<a href="/wiki/Frederick_H._Gillett" title="Frederick H. Gillett">Gillett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_S._Butler" title="Thomas S. Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_N._Haugen" title="Gilbert N. Haugen">Haugen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_W._Pou" title="Edward W. Pou">Pou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolph_J._Sabath" title="Adolph J. Sabath">Sabath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_L._Doughton" title="Robert L. Doughton">Doughton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Rayburn" title="Sam Rayburn">Rayburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Vinson" title="Carl Vinson">Vinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emanuel_Celler" title="Emanuel Celler">Celler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wright_Patman" title="Wright Patman">Patman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Mahon" title="George H. Mahon">Mahon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamie_Whitten" title="Jamie Whitten">Whitten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dingell" title="John Dingell">Dingell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Conyers" title="John Conyers">Conyers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Young" title="Don Young">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Rogers" title="Hal Rogers">Rogers</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States House of Representatives"><img alt="Seal of the United States House of Representatives" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1506805#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1182" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1506805#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1182" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1506805#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000385873638">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/247689144">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/247386/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJp9pFpmCD8wxwM4PWrQbd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n88071852">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p310705274">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007359413505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=D000148">US Congress</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6z32hqx">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_L._Dawes&oldid=1262342617">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_L._Dawes&oldid=1262342617</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" 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