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Arabs in Romania - Wikipedia

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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Arabs in Romania<br /><small>Arabii din România</small><br /><small>العرب في رومانيا</small></caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>10,000</b> (2018)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic language</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian language</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Arab_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab people">Arab people</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arab_diaspora" title="Arab diaspora">Arab diaspora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arab_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab American">Arab American</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arab_Argentine" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab Argentine">Arab Argentine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arab_Brazilian" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab Brazilian">Arab Brazilian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arab_Canadians" title="Arab Canadians">Arab Canadians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arab_Mexican" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab Mexican">Arab Mexican</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Arabs in Romania</b> (<a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: <i lang="ro">Arabii din România</i>) are people from <a href="/wiki/Arab_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab countries">Arab countries</a> who live in Romania. The first <a href="/wiki/Fellah" title="Fellah">Fellah</a> settlers came in 1831 - 1833 from <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Syria" title="Ottoman Syria">Ottoman Syria</a> to <a href="/wiki/Dobruja" title="Dobruja">Dobruja</a>. They assimilated in the Turkish-Tatarian Population.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Some of them came to Romania during the <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu" title="Nicolae Ceaușescu">Ceaușescu era</a>, when many Arab students were granted scholarships to study in Romanian universities. Most of them were Algerians, Syrians, Palestinians, Iraqis, Libyans, Egyptians, and Yemenis. Most of these students returned to their countries of origin, but some remained in Romania starting families here. It is estimated that almost half a million <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle Eastern</a> Arabs studied in Romania during the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> A new wave of Arab immigration started after the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Revolution">Romanian Revolution</a>. Many of the newly arrived Arabs came to Romania in the 1990s in order to develop businesses. In addition, Romania has people from Arab countries who have the status of refugees (<a href="/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="Refugees of the Syrian civil war">Refugees of the Syrian civil war</a>) or illegal immigrants, primarily from North Africa, trying to immigrate to Western Europe. In particular, the <a href="/wiki/European_migrant_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="European migrant crisis">European migrant crisis</a> lead to Syrian people coming to Romania, although many Syrians were already living in Romania at the time of the crisis.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2005, it was estimated that about 5,000 Arabs lived in Romania at that time (the number 5,000 includes not only Arabs but also Kurds, Iranians, Afghans, Berber, Assyrians and others).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> However, more Arabs have migrated to Romania since then. For example, in 2017, Romania granted residence status to 1330 Arabs, most of them from Syria (almost half), followed by Iraq.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Most Arabs in Romania are Muslim, but there are also <a href="/wiki/Christian_Arabs" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Arabs">Christian Arabs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Today, Arabs of Romania are from many Arab countries, particularly Lebanon, Syria, Tunisia, Egypt, Iraq, and also small groups from Jordan, Algeria, Morocco, Libya, Palestinian Territories, Sudan, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Eritrea, Yemen, Mauritania, Comoros, Djibouti who emigrated from their native nations and currently reside in Romania. </p><p>The majority are ethnically Arab but there are numerous groups who include Kurds, Copts, Druze, Maronites, Assyrians, Berbers, Africans, Turkmen, Roma and others. </p><p>In March 2023, some Arabs living in Romania have started the proceedings to be recognized as an official <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_minorities_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic minorities of Romania">national minority of Romania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arabs_in_Romania&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Majda Aboulumosha, actress (Lebanese father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raed_Arafat" title="Raed Arafat">Raed Arafat</a>, doctor, founder of <a href="/wiki/SMURD" title="SMURD">SMURD</a> and former Romanian <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Health (Romania)">Minister of Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Arnaout" title="Omar Arnaout">Omar Arnaout</a>, singer (Lebanese father)</li> <li>Ahmed Jaber, journalist (Palestinian father)</li> <li>Denise Rifai, journalist (Jordanian father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dana_Abed_Kader" title="Dana Abed Kader">Dana Abed Kader</a>, handballer (Syrian father)</li> <li>Glance Al-Masany, rapper (Yemeni father)</li> <li>Sorana Mohamad, singer and actress (Syrian father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasin_Hamed" title="Yasin Hamed">Yasin Hamed</a>, footballer (Sudanese father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Bani" title="Andrei Bani">Andrei Bani</a>, footballer (Jordanian father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Nureldin" title="Laura Nureldin">Laura Nureldin</a>, journalist (Sudanese father)</li> <li><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Sabbagh" class="extiw" title="ro:Christian Sabbagh">Christian Sabbagh</a>, journalist (Lebanese father)</li> <li><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miryam" class="extiw" title="ro:Miryam">Miryam</a>, singer (Palestinian father)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arabs_in_Romania&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/32px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/48px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/64px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Romania" title="Portal:Romania">Romania portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Romania" title="Immigration to Romania">Immigration to Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Romania" title="Demographics of Romania">Demographics of Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Europe" title="Immigration to Europe">Immigration to Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_diaspora" title="Arab diaspora">Arab diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabs_in_Europe" title="Arabs in Europe">Arabs in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_immigrant_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by immigrant population">List of countries by immigrant population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Romania" title="Islam in Romania">Islam in Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_diaspora" title="Lebanese diaspora">Lebanese diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_diaspora" title="Syrian diaspora">Syrian diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_diaspora" title="Palestinian diaspora">Palestinian diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_diaspora" title="Moroccan diaspora">Moroccan diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_diaspora" title="Iraqi diaspora">Iraqi diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_diaspora" title="Egyptian diaspora">Egyptian diaspora</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arabs_in_Romania&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGrigore" class="citation web cs1">Grigore, George. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/2540987">"George Grigore. "Muslims in Romania", ISIM Newsletter (International Institute for the Study of Islam in the Modern World) no. 3, Leiden. 1999: 34"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=George+Grigore.+%22Muslims+in+Romania%22%2C+ISIM+Newsletter+%28International+Institute+for+the+Study+of+Islam+in+the+Modern+World%29+no.+3%2C+Leiden.+1999%3A+34&amp;rft.aulast=Grigore&amp;rft.aufirst=George&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F2540987&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArabs+in+Romania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.evz.ro/article.php?artid=185041">"Evenimentul Zilei"</a>. 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Sirienii au afaceri de sute de milioane in Romania"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Ne+e+teama+de+imigranti%3F+Sirienii+au+afaceri+de+sute+de+milioane+in+Romania&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ziare.com%2Fafaceri%2Ffirma%2Fne-e-teama-de-imigranti-sirienii-au-afaceri-de-sute-de-milioane-in-romania-1390041&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArabs+in+Romania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hotnews.ro/stiri-arhiva-1228220-500-arabi-din-romania-cercetati-pentru-infractiuni-economice.htm">500 de arabi din Romania, cercetati pentru infractiuni economice - Arhiva noiembrie 2007 - HotNews.ro</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adevarul.ro/articole/2005/orientul-mijlociu-de-langa-noi-arabii-din-romania-dincolo-de-sabloane.html">Orientul Mijlociu de langa noi: arabii din Romania, dincolo de sabloane</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title="&#160;Dead link tagged July 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">&#8205;</span>&#93;</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gandul.info/stiri/cati-refugiati-a-primit-romania-in-2017-17140126">"Câți refugiați a primit România în 2017"</a>. 22 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=C%C3%A2%C8%9Bi+refugia%C8%9Bi+a+primit+Rom%C3%A2nia+%C3%AEn+2017&amp;rft.date=2018-04-22&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gandul.info%2Fstiri%2Fcati-refugiati-a-primit-romania-in-2017-17140126&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArabs+in+Romania" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20080401040154/http://www.gardianul.ro/2005/01/08/religie-c22/joi_noaptea_crestinii_arabi_din_romania_au_sarbatorit_craciunul-s53704.html">"Gardianul, Joi noaptea, crestinii arabi din Romania au sarbatorit Craciunul"</a>. 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ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arab_diaspora" title="Template:Arab diaspora"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arab_diaspora" title="Template talk:Arab diaspora"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arab_diaspora" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arab diaspora"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="22px&amp;#124;border_Arab_diaspora" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Arab_League.svg.png 1.5x, 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Leone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Arabs_in_Afghanistan" title="History of Arabs in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Arabs" title="Afghan Arabs">Afghan Arabs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabs_in_India" title="Arabs in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Indonesians" title="Arab Indonesians">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Arabs" title="Iranian Arabs">Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khorasani_Arabs" title="Khorasani Arabs">Khorasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khuzestani_Arabs" title="Khuzestani Arabs">Khuzestan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabs_in_Japan" title="Arabs in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Malaysians" title="Arab Malaysians">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabs_in_Pakistan" title="Arabs in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabs_in_the_Philippines" title="Arabs in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Singaporeans" title="Arab Singaporeans">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Moors" title="Sri Lankan Moors">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabs_in_Turkey" title="Arabs in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabs_in_the_Caucasus" title="Arabs in the Caucasus">Caucasus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arabs_in_Europe" title="Arabs in Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabs_in_Denmark" title="Arabs in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabs_in_Finland" title="Arabs in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabs_in_Sweden" title="Arabs in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Arabs" title="British Arabs">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southeast</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabs_in_Bulgaria" title="Arabs in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobrujan_Arabs" title="Dobrujan Arabs">Dobruja</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabs_in_Serbia" title="Arabs in Serbia">Serbia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabs_in_Greece" title="Arabs in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabs_in_Italy" title="Arabs in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabs_in_Malta" title="Arabs in Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabs_in_Spain" title="Arabs in Spain">Spain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabs_in_Austria" title="Arabs in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccans_in_Belgium" title="Moroccans in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabs_in_France" title="Arabs in France">France</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Beur" title="Beur">Beur</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghrebi_communities_of_Paris" title="Maghrebi communities of Paris">Paris</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabs_in_Germany" title="Arabs in Germany">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabs_in_Berlin" title="Arabs in Berlin">Berlin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabs_in_the_Netherlands" title="Arabs in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabs_in_Switzerland" title="Arabs in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Canadians" title="Arab Canadians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Cubans" title="Arab Cubans">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_El_Salvador#Arab_Heritage" title="Culture of El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Haitians" title="Arab Haitians">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_immigration_to_Honduras" title="Arab immigration to Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Mexicans" title="Arab Mexicans">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Americans" title="Arab Americans">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Middle_Eastern_people_in_Metro_Detroit" title="History of the Middle Eastern people in Metro Detroit">Detroit</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Australians" title="Arab Australians">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_New_Zealanders" title="Arab New Zealanders">New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Argentines" title="Arab Argentines">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Brazilians" title="Arab Brazilians">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Chileans" title="Arab Chileans">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Colombians" title="Arab Colombians">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Ecuadorians" title="Lebanese Ecuadorians">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabs_in_El_Salvador" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabs in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Paraguayans" title="Lebanese Paraguayans">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Uruguayans" title="Arab Uruguayans">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Venezuelans" title="Arab Venezuelans">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_groups_in_Romania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Romania" title="Template:Ethnic groups in Romania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in Romania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Romania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in Romania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_Romania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in Romania">Ethnic groups in Romania</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dominant group</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Romanians" title="Romanians">Romanians</a> (16,792,868)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_ethnic_minority_parties" title="Romanian ethnic minority parties">Officially recognised minorities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarians_in_Romania" title="Hungarians in Romania">Hungarians</a> (1,227,623)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Romania" title="Romani people in Romania">Romani</a> (621,573)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainians_of_Romania" title="Ukrainians of Romania">Ukrainians</a> (50,920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans_of_Romania" title="Germans of Romania">Germans</a> (36,042)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_of_Romania" title="Turks of Romania">Turks</a> (27,698)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipovans" title="Lipovans">Lipovans</a> (23,487)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatars_of_Romania" title="Tatars of Romania">Tatars</a> (divided into <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars" title="Crimean Tatars">Crimean Tatars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nogais" title="Nogais">Nogais</a>) (20,282)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbs_of_Romania" title="Serbs of Romania">Serbs</a> (18,076)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovaks_of_Romania" title="Slovaks of Romania">Slovaks</a> (13,654)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarians_in_Romania" title="Bulgarians in Romania">Bulgarians</a> (7,336)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croats_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Croats of Romania">Croats</a> (5,408)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greeks_in_Romania" title="Greeks in Romania">Greeks</a> (3,668)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Romania" title="History of the Jews in Romania">Jews</a> (3,271)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italians_in_Romania" title="Italians in Romania">Italians</a> (3,203)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poles_in_Romania" title="Poles in Romania">Poles</a> (2,543)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czechs_of_Romania" title="Czechs of Romania">Czechs</a> (2,477)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_of_Romania" title="Armenians of Romania">Armenians</a> (1,361)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonians_of_Romania" title="Macedonians of Romania">Macedonians</a> (1,264)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanians_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanians of Romania">Albanians</a> (520)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusyns_of_Romania" title="Rusyns of Romania">Rusyns</a> (262)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minorities_in_Romania" title="Minorities in Romania">Non-recognized minorities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aromanians_in_Romania" title="Aromanians in Romania">Aromanians</a> (26,500)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutsuls" title="Hutsuls">Hutsuls</a>* (self-declared, 3,890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cs%C3%A1ng%C3%B3s" title="Csángós">Csángós</a>* (self-declared, 1,536)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megleno-Romanians" title="Megleno-Romanians">Megleno-Romanians</a> (1,200–2,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kelys" title="Székelys">Székelys</a>* (self-declared, 532)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krashovani" title="Krashovani">Krashovani</a>* (self-declared, 207)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenes" title="Slovenes">Slovenes</a> (175)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagauz_people" title="Gagauz people">Gagauz</a> (5)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical ethnic groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circassians_in_Romania" title="Circassians in Romania">Circassians</a> (approximately 10,000 in the mid-19th century)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fellah#In_Dobruja" title="Fellah">Dobrujan Arabs</a> (145 in 1850)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Romania" title="Immigration to Romania">Immigrant groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moldovans_in_Romania" title="Moldovans in Romania">Citizens of the Republic of Moldova</a> (177,000)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arabs</a> (5,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_diaspora" title="Afghan diaspora">Afghans</a> (2,384)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_of_Romania" title="Chinese of Romania">Chinese</a> (2,243)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_people" title="Indian people">Indians</a> (1,000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipinos" title="Filipinos">Filipinos</a> (800)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Romanian" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Romanian">Africans</a> (700)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis" title="Pakistanis">Pakistanis</a> (700)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranians_in_Romania" title="Iranians in Romania">Iranians</a> (610)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurds in Romania">Kurds</a> (500)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexicans" title="Mexicans">Mexicans</a> (224)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshis_in_Romania" title="Bangladeshis in Romania">Bangladeshis</a> (100)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>* = Subgroups of officially recognized ethnicities that are not treated by the Romanian authorities as separate minorities.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Romania_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Romania_topics" title="Template:Romania topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Romania_topics" title="Template talk:Romania topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Romania_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Romania topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Romania_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Romania" title="Outline of Romania">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Romania" title="Outline of Romania">Topics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Romania" title="History of Romania">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Romanian_history" title="Timeline of Romanian history">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_ancient_Romania" title="Timeline of ancient Romania">ancient</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric Romania">Prehistoric Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacia" title="Dacia">Dacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Dacia" title="Roman Dacia">Roman Dacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_the_Early_Middle_Ages" title="Romania in the Early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Romania in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Modern Romania">Early Modern Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Principalities_of_Moldavia_and_Wallachia" title="United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia">United Principalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_I" title="Romania in World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Romania" title="Greater Romania">Greater Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II" title="Romania in World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Romania" title="Socialist Republic of Romania">Communist Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Revolution">Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Romania_(1989%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Romania (1989–present)">Since 1989</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Romania" title="Geography of Romania">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Romania" title="List of cities and towns in Romania">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Romania" title="Climate of Romania">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Romania" title="Counties of Romania">Counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Romania" title="List of earthquakes in Romania">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Romania" title="Fauna of Romania">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Romania" title="Flora of Romania">Flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_regions_of_Romania" title="Historical regions of Romania">Historical regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Romania" title="List of islands of Romania">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Romania" title="List of lakes of Romania">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Romania" title="List of mountains in Romania">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Romania" title="Protected areas of Romania">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Romania" title="List of rivers of Romania">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_Romania" title="Territorial evolution of Romania">Territorial evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topography_of_Romania" title="Topography of Romania">Topography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Romania" title="Politics of Romania">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Romania" title="Administrative divisions of Romania">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Romania" title="Constitution of Romania">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Romania" title="Elections in Romania">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Romania" title="Foreign relations of Romania">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Romania" title="Government of Romania">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Romania" title="Human rights in Romania">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Romania">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Romania" title="Judiciary of Romania">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Law enforcement in Romania">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Armed_Forces" title="Romanian Armed Forces">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Romanian_General_Staff" title="Chief of the Romanian General Staff">Chief of the General Staff</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Romania" title="Parliament of Romania">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Romania" title="List of political parties in Romania">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Romania" title="President of Romania">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Romania" title="Prime Minister of Romania">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Moldova_and_Romania" title="Unification of Moldova and Romania">Unification with Moldova</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Romania" title="Economy of Romania">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Romania" title="Agriculture in Romania">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Romania" title="Energy in Romania">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_Romania" title="List of exports of Romania">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_direct_investment_in_Romania" title="Foreign direct investment in Romania">Foreign investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_trade_of_Romania" title="Foreign trade of Romania">Foreign trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Romania" title="Forestry in Romania">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_Romania" title="Great Depression in Romania">Great Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_of_Romania" title="Industry of Romania">Industry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Romania" title="Automotive industry in Romania">automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Construction_industry_of_Romania" title="Construction industry of Romania">construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_industry_of_Romania" title="Mining industry of Romania">mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrochemical_industry_in_Romania" title="Petrochemical industry in Romania">petrochemical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_leu" title="Romanian leu">Leu <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Romania" title="National Bank of Romania">National Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_property_bubble" title="Romanian property bubble">Property bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Romania" title="Science and technology in Romania">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Services_in_Romania" title="Services in Romania">Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squatting_in_Romania" title="Squatting in Romania">Squatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucharest_Stock_Exchange" title="Bucharest Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Romania">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Romania" title="Tourism in Romania">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Romania" title="Transport in Romania">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Romania" title="Category:Society of Romania">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Romania" title="Crime in Romania">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Romania" title="Demographics of Romania">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Romania" title="Education in Romania">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Romania" title="Healthcare in Romania">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Romania" title="Immigration to Romania">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Romania" title="Languages of Romania">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minorities_in_Romania" title="Minorities in Romania">Minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Romania" title="Prostitution in Romania">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Romania" title="Public holidays in Romania">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Romania" title="Racism in Romania">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refugees_in_Romania" title="Refugees in Romania">Refugees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Romania" title="Religion in Romania">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanians" title="Romanians">Romanians</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Romania" title="Romani people in Romania">Gypsies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_structure_of_Romania" title="Social structure of Romania">Social structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systematization_(Romania)" title="Systematization (Romania)">Urban planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_in_Romania" title="Welfare in Romania">Welfare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Romania" title="Culture of Romania">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Academy" title="Romanian Academy">Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_architecture" title="Romanian architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_art" title="Romanian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Romania" title="Cinema of Romania">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_cuisine" title="Romanian cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_wine" title="Romanian wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Romania" title="Flag of Romania">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Romania" title="Folklore of Romania">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_humour" title="Romanian humour">Humour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_literature" title="Romanian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Romania" title="Mass media in Romania">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Romania" title="Music of Romania">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_philosophy" title="Romanian philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Romania" title="Sport in Romania">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Romania" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Romania">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Romania" title="Outline of Romania">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Romania" title="Outline of Romania">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Romania" title="Category:Romania">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Romania" title="Portal:Romania">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐68775984f6‐r2lc4 Cached time: 20241125190810 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.579 seconds Real time usage: 0.784 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2402/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 86321/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 12493/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 22/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 49276/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.390/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 22366586/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 696.690 1 -total 28.40% 197.856 1 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