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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p><b>Microsoft Transaction Server</b> (<b>MTS</b>) was <a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a> that provided services to <a href="/wiki/Component_Object_Model" title="Component Object Model">Component Object Model</a> (COM) <a href="/wiki/Component-based_software_engineering" title="Component-based software engineering">software components</a>, to make it easier to create large distributed applications. The major services provided by MTS were automated <a href="/wiki/Database_transaction" title="Database transaction">transaction</a> management, instance management (or <i>just-in-time activation</i>) and role-based security. MTS is considered to be the first major software to implement <a href="/wiki/Aspect-oriented_programming" title="Aspect-oriented programming">aspect-oriented programming</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BoxSells2002_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BoxSells2002-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>MTS was first offered in the <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT" title="Windows NT">Windows NT</a> 4.0 Option Pack. In <a href="/wiki/Windows_2000" title="Windows 2000">Windows 2000</a>, MTS was enhanced and better integrated with the operating system and <a href="/wiki/Component_Object_Model" title="Component Object Model">COM</a>, and was renamed <a href="/wiki/COM%2B" class="mw-redirect" title="COM+">COM+</a>. COM+ added <a href="/wiki/Object_pool" class="mw-redirect" title="Object pool">object pooling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loose_coupling" title="Loose coupling">loosely-coupled events</a> and user-defined simple transactions (compensating resource managers) to the features of MTS. </p><p>COM+ is still provided with <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2003" title="Windows Server 2003">Windows Server 2003</a> and <a href="/wiki/Windows_Server_2008" title="Windows Server 2008">Windows Server 2008</a>, and the Microsoft <a href="/wiki/.NET_Framework" title=".NET Framework">.NET Framework</a> provides a wrapper for COM+ in the EnterpriseServices namespace. The <a href="/wiki/Windows_Communication_Foundation" title="Windows Communication Foundation">Windows Communication Foundation</a> (WCF) provides a way of calling COM+ applications with <a href="/wiki/Web_services" class="mw-redirect" title="Web services">web services</a>. However, COM+ is based on COM, and Microsoft's strategic software architecture is now web services and .NET, not COM. There are pure .NET-based alternatives for many of the features provided by COM+, and in the long term it is likely COM+ will be phased out. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_Transaction_Server&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A basic MTS architecture comprises: </p> <ul><li>the MTS Executive (mtxex.dll)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Factory_object" class="mw-redirect" title="Factory object">Factory</a> Wrappers and Context Wrappers for each component</li> <li>the MTS Server Component</li> <li>MTS clients</li> <li>auxiliary systems like: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Component_Object_Model" title="Component Object Model">COM</a> <a href="/wiki/Run-time_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Run-time system">runtime</a> services</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Service_Control_Manager" title="Service Control Manager">Service Control Manager</a> (SCM)</li> <li>the Microsoft <a href="/wiki/Distributed_Transaction_Coordinator" class="mw-redirect" title="Distributed Transaction Coordinator">Distributed Transaction Coordinator</a> (MS-DTC)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Message_Queuing" title="Microsoft Message Queuing">Microsoft Message Queue</a> (<a href="/wiki/MSMQ" class="mw-redirect" title="MSMQ">MSMQ</a>)</li> <li>the COM-Transaction Integrator (COM-TI)</li> <li>etc.</li></ul></li></ul> <p>COM components that run under the control of the MTS Executive are called MTS components. In COM+, they are referred to as COM+ Applications. MTS components are in-process <a href="/wiki/Dynamic-link_library" title="Dynamic-link library">DLLs</a>. MTS components are deployed and run in the MTS Executive which manages them. As with other COM components, an <a href="/wiki/Object_(computer_science)" title="Object (computer science)">object</a> implementing the IClassFactory <a href="/wiki/Interface_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interface (computer science)">interface</a> serves as a Factory Object to create new instances of these components. </p><p>MTS inserts a Factory Wrapper Object and an Object Wrapper between the actual MTS object and its client. This interposing of wrappers is called <i>interception</i>. Whenever the client makes a call to the MTS component, the wrappers (Factory and Object) intercept the call and inject their own instance-management algorithm called the Just-In-Time Activation (JITA) into the call. The wrapper then makes this call on the actual MTS component. Interception was considered difficult at the time due to a lack of extensible metadata.<sup id="cite_ref-BoxSells2002_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BoxSells2002-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition, based on the information from the component's deployment properties, transaction logic and security checks also take place in these wrapper objects. </p><p>For every MTS-hosted object, there also exists a Context Object, which implements the IObjectContext interface. The Context Object maintains specific information about that object, such as its transactional information, security information and deployment information. <a href="/wiki/Method_(computer_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Method (computer science)">Methods</a> in the MTS component call into the Context Object through its IObjectContext interface. </p><p>MTS does not create the actual middle-tier MTS object until the call from a client reaches the container. Since the object is not running all the time, it does not use up a lot of system resources (even though an object wrapper and skeleton for the object do persist). </p><p>As soon as the call comes in from the client, the MTS wrapper process activates its Instance Management algorithm called JITA. The actual MTS object is created "just in time" to service the request from the wrapper. And when the request is serviced and the reply is sent back to the client, the component either calls SetComplete()/SetAbort(), or its transaction ends, or the client calls Release() on the reference to the object, and the actual MTS object is destroyed. In short, MTS uses a stateless component model. </p><p>Generally, when a client requests services from a typical MTS component, the following sequence occurs on the server : </p> <ol><li>acquire a <a href="/wiki/Database_connection" title="Database connection">database connection</a></li> <li>read the component's state from either the Shared Property Manager or from an already existing object or from the client</li> <li>perform the <a href="/wiki/Business_logic" title="Business logic">business logic</a></li> <li>write the component's changed state, if any, back to the database</li> <li>close and release the database connection</li> <li><i>vote</i> on the result of the transaction. MTS components do not directly commit transactions, rather they communicate their success or failure to MTS.</li></ol> <p>It is thus possible to implement high-latency resources as asynchronous resource pools, which should take advantage of the stateless <a href="/wiki/Just-in-time_compilation" title="Just-in-time compilation">JIT</a> activation afforded by the <a href="/wiki/Middleware" title="Middleware">middleware</a> server. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_Transaction_Server&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-BoxSells2002-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BoxSells2002_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BoxSells2002_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDon_BoxChris_Sells2002" class="citation book cs1">Don Box; Chris Sells (4 November 2002). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/essentialnetcomm01boxd"><i>Essential.NET: The common language runtime</i></a></span>. Addison-Wesley Professional. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/essentialnetcomm01boxd/page/206">206</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-201-73411-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-201-73411-9"><bdi>978-0-201-73411-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Essential.NET%3A+The+common+language+runtime&rft.pages=206&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley+Professional&rft.date=2002-11-04&rft.isbn=978-0-201-73411-9&rft.au=Don+Box&rft.au=Chris+Sells&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fessentialnetcomm01boxd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMicrosoft+Transaction+Server" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links_and_references">External links and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsoft_Transaction_Server&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: External links and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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and Scan">Fax and Scan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feedback_Hub" title="Feedback Hub">Feedback Hub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Get_Help" title="Get Help">Get Help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnifier_(Windows)" title="Magnifier (Windows)">Magnifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mail_(Windows)" title="Mail (Windows)">Mail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Maps" title="Windows Maps">Maps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Player" title="Windows Media Player">Media Player</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Media_Player_(2022)" title="Windows Media Player (2022)">2022</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Mesh" title="Microsoft Mesh">Mesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Messaging" title="Microsoft Messaging">Messaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Mobility_Center" title="Windows Mobility Center">Mobility Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSN#Money" title="MSN">Money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Movies_%26_TV" title="Microsoft Movies & TV">Movies & 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style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/API" title="API">API</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_Scripting" title="Active Scripting">Active Scripting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JScript" title="JScript">JScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VBScript" title="VBScript">VBScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Script_Host" title="Windows Script Host">WSH</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Component_Object_Model" title="Component Object Model">COM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ActiveX" title="ActiveX">ActiveX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ActiveX_Document" title="ActiveX Document">ActiveX Document</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COM_Structured_Storage" title="COM Structured Storage">COM Structured storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributed_Component_Object_Model" title="Distributed Component Object Model">DCOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_Linking_and_Embedding" title="Object Linking and Embedding">OLE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OLE_Automation" title="OLE Automation">OLE Automation</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Transaction Server</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DirectX" title="DirectX">DirectX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Native_API" title="Windows Native API">Native</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.NET" title=".NET">.NET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Windows_Platform" title="Universal Windows Platform">Universal Windows Platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_API" title="Windows API">WinAPI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Mixed_Reality" title="Windows Mixed Reality">Windows Mixed Reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Runtime" title="Windows Runtime">Windows Runtime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WinUSB" title="WinUSB">WinUSB</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">Games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Solitaire_Collection" title="Microsoft Solitaire Collection">Solitaire Collection</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Surf_(video_game)" title="Surf (video game)">Surf</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Full_Tilt!_Pinball#3D_Pinball_for_Windows_–_Space_Cadet" title="Full Tilt! Pinball">3D Pinball</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chess_Titans" title="Chess Titans">Chess Titans</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_FreeCell" title="Microsoft FreeCell">FreeCell</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Hearts" title="Microsoft Hearts">Hearts</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Windows_Ultimate_Extras" title="Windows Ultimate Extras">Hold 'Em</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/InkBall" title="InkBall">InkBall</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Purble_Place" title="Purble Place">Purble Place</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Solitaire" title="Microsoft Solitaire">Solitaire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Spider_Solitaire" title="Microsoft Spider Solitaire">Spider Solitaire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Tinker" title="Microsoft Tinker">Tinker</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apps</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" 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