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Your current IP address is 8.222.208.146. </p> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>Even while globally blocked, you will <i>usually</i> still be able to edit pages on <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="m:">Meta-Wiki</a>. </p> </div> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/No_open_proxies" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/No open proxies">No open proxies</a> global policy. Otherwise, to discuss the block please <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Steward_requests/Global" class="extiw" title="m:Steward requests/Global">post a request for review on Meta-Wiki</a>. You could also send an email to the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">stewards</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a> queue at <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd> including all above details. </p> </div> <p>Other useful links: <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_blocks" class="extiw" title="m:Global blocks">Global blocks</a> · <a href="/wiki/Help:I_have_been_blocked" title="Help:I have been blocked">Help:I have been blocked</a> </p> </div></li></ul><hr /> <div id="viewsourcetext">You can view and copy the source of this page:</div><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="en" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">==Biological function== Most prokaryotes ([[bacteria]]) and lower eukaryotes ([[fungus]], [[green algae]], [[plants]], and so on) produce NAG through ornithine acetyltransferase (OAT), which is part of a ‘cyclic’ ornithine production pathway. NAGS is therefore used in a supportive role, replenishing NAG reserves as required. In some plants and bacteria, however, NAGS catalyzes the first step in a ‘linear’ arginine production pathway.<ref name="Cunin_1986">{{cite journal | vauthors = Cunin R, Glansdorff N, Piérard A, Stalon V | title = Biosynthesis and metabolism of arginine in bacteria | journal = Microbiological Reviews | volume = 50 | issue = 3 | pages = 314–52 | date = September 1986 | pmid = 3534538 | pmc = 373073 | doi = 10.1128/MMBR.50.3.314-352.1986}}</ref> The protein sequences of NAGS between prokaryotes, lower eukaryotes and higher eukaryotes have shown a remarkable lack of similarity. Sequence identity between prokaryotic and eukaryotic NAGS is largely <30%,<ref name="pmid8939437">{{cite journal | vauthors = Yu YG, Turner GE, Weiss RL | title = Acetylglutamate synthase from ''Neurospora crassa'': structure and regulation of expression | journal = Molecular Microbiology | volume = 22 | issue = 3 | pages = 545–54 | date = November 1996 | pmid = 8939437 | doi = 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1996.1321494.x | s2cid = 38149253 }}</ref> while sequence identity between lower and higher eukaryotes is ~20%.<ref name="Caldovic_2010">{{cite journal | vauthors = Caldovic L, Ah Mew N, Shi D, Morizono H, Yudkoff M, Tuchman M | title = ''N''-Acetylglutamate synthase: structure, function and defects | journal = Molecular Genetics and Metabolism | volume = 100 | issue = Suppl 1 | pages = S13–9 | date = 2010 | pmid = 20303810 | pmc = 2876818 | doi = 10.1016/j.ymgme.2010.02.018}}</ref> Enzyme activity of NAGS is modulated by [[L-arginine|<small>L</small>-arginine]], which acts as an [[Enzyme inhibitor|inhibitor]] in plant and bacterial NAGS, but an effector in [[vertebrates]].<ref name="Cybis_1975">{{cite journal | vauthors = Cybis J, Davis RH | title = Organization and control in the arginine biosynthetic pathway of ''Neurospora'' | journal = Journal of Bacteriology | volume = 123 | issue = 1 | pages = 196–202 | date = July 1975 | pmid = 166979 | pmc = 235707 | doi = 10.1128/JB.123.1.196-202.1975}}</ref><ref name="pmid6885773">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sonoda T, Tatibana M | title = Purification of ''N''-acetyl-<sub>L</sub>-glutamate synthetase from rat liver mitochondria and substrate and activator specificity of the enzyme | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 258 | issue = 16 | pages = 9839–44 | date = August 1983 | doi = 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)44574-1 | pmid = 6885773 | doi-access = free }}</ref> While the role of arginine as an inhibitor of NAG in ornithine and arginine synthesis is well understood, there is some controversy as to the role of NAG in the [[urea cycle]].<ref name="Meijer_1984">{{cite journal | vauthors = Meijer AJ, Verhoeven AJ | title = ''N''-Acetylglutamate and urea synthesis | journal = The Biochemical Journal | volume = 223 | issue = 2 | pages = 559–60 | date = October 1984 | pmid = 6497864 | pmc = 1144333 | doi = 10.1042/bj2230559}}</ref><ref name="pmid6721845">{{cite journal | vauthors = Lund P, Wiggins D | title = Is ''N''-acetylglutamate a short-term regulator of urea synthesis? | journal = The Biochemical Journal | volume = 218 | issue = 3 | pages = 991–4 | date = March 1984 | pmid = 6721845 | pmc = 1153434 | doi = 10.1042/bj2180991}}</ref> The currently accepted role of NAG in vertebrates is as an essential allosteric cofactor for CPS1, and therefore it acts as the primary controller of [[flux]] through the urea cycle. In this role, [[feedback regulation]] from arginine would act to signal NAGS that [[ammonia]] is plentiful within the cell, and needs to be removed, accelerating NAGS function. As it stands, the evolutionary journey of NAGS from essential synthetic enzyme to primary urea cycle controller is yet to be fully understood.<ref name="Caldovic_2003b">{{cite journal | vauthors = Caldovic L, Tuchman M | title = ''N''-Acetylglutamate and its changing role through evolution | journal = The Biochemical Journal | volume = 372 | issue = Pt 2 | pages = 279–90 | date = June 2003 | pmid = 12633501 | pmc = 1223426 | doi = 10.1042/BJ20030002 }}</ref> </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"></div><p id="mw-returnto">Return to <a href="/wiki/N-Acetylglutamate_synthase" title="N-Acetylglutamate synthase">N-Acetylglutamate synthase</a>.</p> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-Acetylglutamate_synthase">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-Acetylglutamate_synthase</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=N-Acetylglutamate_synthase&action=edit&section=1&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-694cf4987f-2l88k","wgBackendResponseTime":266,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.062","walltime":"0.082","ppvisitednodes":{"value":418,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":17740,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":6556,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":9,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":469,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 58.036 1 -total"," 99.86% 57.953 2 Template:Blocked_text"," 40.98% 23.781 1 Template:Colocationwebhost"," 40.92% 23.747 2 Template:Replace"," 37.27% 21.628 1 Template:Hidden"," 16.19% 9.394 1 Template:Hidden_begin"," 14.91% 8.654 1 Template:Tlx"," 2.38% 1.383 1 MediaWiki:Wikimedia-globalblocking-blockedtext-mistake"," 2.08% 1.208 1 Template:Hidden_end"," 1.69% 0.978 1 MediaWiki:Wikimedia-globalblocking-blockedtext-mistake-email-steward"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.013","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":1043334,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-694cf4987f-2l88k","timestamp":"20241126013442","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> </body> </html>