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class="h pbm"> <h1 class="ph"> 纸质笔记本也许更长寿 <a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog.php?mod=recommend"><img src="./static/image/blog/recommendico.gif" width="22px" height="22px" /><font style="font-size:14px; color:#930;" face="宋体">精选</font></a> </h1> <p class="xg2"> <span class="xg1">已有 7521 次阅读</span> <span class="xg1">2024-11-8 09:12</span> <span class="pipe">|</span><span class="xg1">个人分类:<a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=1557&do=blog&classid=711&view=me">书评书介</a></span><span class="pipe">|</span><span class="xg1">系统分类:<a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=space&do=blog&view=all&uid=1557&catid=3">观点评述</a></span> </p> </div> <div id="blog_article" class="d cl" ><p><img src="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=attachment&filename=ff460ab35d90f80502796816b95beb32_81vT5-hDn9L._SL1500_.jpg&id=1357271" title="" alt="ff460ab35d90f80502796816b95beb32_81vT5-hDn9L._SL1500_.jpg"/></p><p></p><p>纸质笔记本也许更长寿</p><p>■武夷山</p><p>（发表于《中国科学报》2024年11月8日）</p><p>身处21世纪的今天，谈到“笔记本”，很多年轻人可能只会想到笔记本电脑。但我想说，传统的纸质笔记本也许比笔记本电脑更长寿。</p><p>2023年11月，英国Profile Books出版社出版了英国学者Roland Allen（罗兰·艾伦）的著作The Notebook: A History of Thinking on Paper（本文作者译为“笔记本：在纸上思考的历史”）。有些媒体将此书评为2023年最佳图书。</p><p>纸质笔记本到处可见，但这一简单的发明始自何时？为什么说笔记本使生活发生了革命性变化？为什么说笔记本是创造力的强有力工具？为什么使用笔记本有助于改变人的思维方式？</p><p>对于这些问题，艾伦在本书中都给出了答案。他叙述了与笔记本相关的各种事物，从中世纪佛罗伦萨的喧闹市场，到最伟大思想家的安静书房。他追溯了一些重要思想的发展轨迹，揭示出笔记本如何成了最可靠、最通用的创造性思维工具。</p><p>本书还讲述了与很多伟大人物相关的笔记本故事，如意大利艺术家列奥纳多·达·芬奇、墨西哥女画家弗里达·卡罗、科学家牛顿和居里夫人、英国作家乔叟、英籍美裔小说家亨利·詹姆斯，等等。此外，达尔文发展其进化论思想的过程，离不开他的袖珍笔记本；阿加莎·克里斯蒂构思其侦探小说的情节时，用的是不整洁的练习册；英国现代旅行作家布鲁斯·查特文无意中催生了优秀笔记本品牌Moleskine。</p><p>喜欢用笔记本的不仅是艺术家、科学家、作家，还包括多种职业的重要人物：厨师、水手、渔民、音乐人、工程师、政治家、探险家、数学家，等等。他们都将笔记本当作思考空间，从而影响了现代世界。</p><p>全书分为31章。第一章标题是“笔记本问世之前：地中海地区，公元前1000年—公元1250年”。还有一些有趣的章节标题包括：“通向不朽的一条路径：日记与日志，1600年至今”“你说得对：警察的笔记，1829年至今”“要是牙医死了则更好：作家的笔记，1894年至今”“琐碎但不平凡：气候日志，1850年代至今”“追寻逝去的时光：患者日记，1952年至今”“关于自我的文献：笔记研究，1883年至今”“结论：Otto带着笔记本：延伸的大脑，1938年至今”。Otto是一位真实的阿尔茨海默病患者，因为记不住事，他就走到哪里都带着笔记本。</p><p>艾伦说，形似笔记本的最古老物件距今已有数千年，目前陈列在土耳其博德鲁姆水下考古博物馆的一个展示柜里。这个由碎片重新拼凑完整的写字板是用木头和象牙做的，两块对折，一合上就可放在掌心里使用。这块写字板是从海底沉船打捞出的许多宝贵物品中的一件。沉船所载物品来自至少10个不同的文化区域，这些物品的丰富性与如今集装箱货轮所载物品的丰富性并无二致。因此，写字板的主人可能是水手、贸易商或外交官，是见过大世面的人。</p><p>后来得势的罗马人采用了这种式样的写字本，把它称之为pugillares，意思是“手把件”。此时的写字本“扩容”了，要么是扩大尺寸，要么是增加页数。庞贝废墟里发现的一个写字本居然有8页可供书写，而最早的对折写字本只有两页可写字。</p><p>罗马帝国逐渐衰落，中华文明逐渐崛起，双方的创新产品通过丝绸之路进行交流。罗马帝国带保护封皮的手抄本样式向东方传播，中国造纸术向西方传播，公元800年左右，二者相遇于阿拔斯王朝的首都巴格达。</p><p>再后来，阿拉贡国王海梅对纸张极其着迷。纸张确实也支撑了他的统治，改变了平民的生活方式和工作方式。那时，地中海的贸易路线越来越忙碌，一大批新型商人学会了以日益复杂精致的方式进行贸易，他们开设公司，投资于伙伴关系，在全欧洲各地运输各种商品，积累起巨量财富。他们所做的这些事，都依赖笔记本。</p><p>《中国科学报》 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