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class="mw-body-content"><p>You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons: </p> <ul class="permissions-errors"><li class="mw-permissionerror-blockedtext"> <div id="mw-blocked-text" style="border: 1px solid #AAA; background-color: var(--background-color-warning-subtle, ivory); color: inherit; padding: 1.5em; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 26px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stop_hand_nuvola.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/50px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/75px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/100px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="240" /></a></span><b> This IP address has been <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy" title="Wikipedia:Blocking policy">blocked</a> from <i>editing</i> Wikipedia.</b></span><br /><span style="font-size: 18px;">This does not affect your ability to <i>read</i> Wikipedia pages.</span></div><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><b>Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong.</b> Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <p>The IP address or range 8.222.128.0/17 has been <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy" title="Wikipedia:Blocking policy">blocked</a> by <a href="/wiki/User:L235" title="User:L235">‪L235‬</a> for the following reason(s): </p> <div style="padding:10px; background:var(--background-color-base, white); color:inherit; border:1px #666 solid;"> <div class="user-block colocation-webhost" style="margin-bottom: 0.5em; background-color: #ffefd5; border: 1px solid #AAA; padding: 0.7em;"> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Server-multiple.svg/40px-Server-multiple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Server-multiple.svg/60px-Server-multiple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Server-multiple.svg/120px-Server-multiple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1052" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure><b>The <a href="/wiki/IP_address" title="IP address">IP address</a> that you are currently using has been blocked because it is believed to be a <a href="/wiki/Web_hosting_service" title="Web hosting service">web host provider</a> or <a href="/wiki/Colocation_centre" title="Colocation centre">colocation provider</a>.</b> To prevent abuse, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Open_proxies" title="Wikipedia:Open proxies">web hosts and colocation providers may be blocked</a> from editing Wikipedia. <div style="border-top: 1px solid #AAA; clear: both">You will not be able to edit Wikipedia using a web host or colocation provider because it hides your IP address, much like a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Open_proxies" title="Wikipedia:Open proxies">proxy</a> or <a href="/wiki/Virtual_private_network" title="Virtual private network">VPN</a>. <p><b>We recommend that you attempt to use another connection to edit.</b> For example, if you use a proxy or VPN to connect to the internet, turn it off when editing Wikipedia. If you edit using a mobile connection, try using a Wi-Fi connection, and vice versa. If you are using a corporate internet connection, switch to a different Wi-Fi network. If you have a Wikipedia account, please log in. </p><p>If you do not have any other way to edit Wikipedia, you will need to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IP_block_exemption#Requesting_and_granting_exemption" title="Wikipedia:IP block exemption">request an IP block exemption</a>. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">How to appeal if you are confident that your connection does not use a colocation provider's IP address:</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> If you are confident that you are not using a web host, you may <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Appealing_a_block" title="Wikipedia:Appealing a block">appeal this block</a> by adding the following text on your <a href="/wiki/Help:Talk_pages" title="Help:Talk pages">talk page</a>: <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Unblock" title="Template:Unblock">unblock</a>|reason=Caught by a colocation web host block but this host or IP is not a web host. My IP address is _______. <i>Place any further information here.</i> ~~~~}}</code>. <b>You must fill in the blank with your IP address for this block to be investigated.</b> Your IP address can be determined <span class="plainlinks"><b><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Get_my_IP_address?withJS=MediaWiki:Get-my-ip.js">here</a></b></span>. Alternatively, if you wish to keep your IP address private you can use the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Unblock_Ticket_Request_System" title="Wikipedia:Unblock Ticket Request System">unblock ticket request system</a>. There are several reasons you might be editing using the IP address of a web host or colocation provider (such as if you are using VPN software or a business network); please use this method of appeal only if you think your IP address is in fact not a web host or colocation provider.</div></div> <p><span class="sysop-show" style="font-size: 85%;"><span style="border:#707070 solid 1px;background-color:#ffe0e0;padding:2px"><b>Administrators:</b></span> The <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IP_block_exemption" title="Wikipedia:IP block exemption">IP block exemption</a> user right should only be applied to allow users to edit using web host in exceptional circumstances, and requests should usually be directed to the functionaries team via email. If you intend to give the IPBE user right, a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CheckUser" title="Wikipedia:CheckUser">CheckUser</a> needs to take a look at the account. This can be requested most easily at <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SPI#Quick_CheckUser_requests" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:SPI">SPI Quick Checkuser Requests</a>. <b>Unblocking</b> an IP or IP range with this template <b>is highly discouraged</b> without at least contacting the blocking administrator.</span> </p> </div></div> </div> <p>This block will expire on 18:23, 24 August 2026. Your current IP address is 8.222.208.146. </p> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>Even when blocked, you will <i>usually</i> still be able to edit your <a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Special:MyTalk">user talk page</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Emailing_users" title="Wikipedia:Emailing users">email</a> administrators and other editors. </p> </div> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>For information on how to proceed, please read the <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Appealing_a_block#Common_questions" title="Wikipedia:Appealing a block">FAQ for blocked users</a></b> and the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Appealing_a_block" title="Wikipedia:Appealing a block">guideline on block appeals</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_appealing_blocks" title="Wikipedia:Guide to appealing blocks">guide to appealing blocks</a> may also be helpful. </p> </div> <p>Other useful links: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy" title="Wikipedia:Blocking policy">Blocking policy</a> · <a href="/wiki/Help:I_have_been_blocked" title="Help:I have been blocked">Help:I have been blocked</a> </p> </div></li><li class="mw-permissionerror-globalblocking-blockedtext-range"> <div id="mw-blocked-text" style="border: 1px solid #AAA; background-color: var(--background-color-warning-subtle, ivory); color: inherit; padding: 1.5em; width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box;"> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 26px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stop_hand_nuvola.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/50px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/75px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f1/Stop_hand_nuvola.svg/100px-Stop_hand_nuvola.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="240" /></a></span><b> This IP address range has been <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_blocks" class="extiw" title="m:Global blocks">globally blocked</a>.</b></span><br /><span style="font-size: 18px;">This does not affect your ability to <i>read</i> Wikipedia pages.</span></div><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><b>Most people who see this message have done nothing wrong.</b> Some kinds of blocks restrict editing from specific service providers or telecom companies in response to recent abuse or vandalism, and can sometimes affect other users who are unrelated to that abuse. Review the information below for assistance if you do not believe that you have done anything wrong.<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <p>This block affects editing on all Wikimedia wikis. </p><p>The IP address or range 8.222.128.0/17 has been globally <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy" title="Wikipedia:Blocking policy">blocked</a> by <a href="/wiki/User:Jon_Kolbert" title="User:Jon Kolbert">‪Jon Kolbert‬</a> for the following reason(s): </p> <div style="padding:10px; background:var(--background-color-base, white); color:inherit; border:1px #666 solid;"> <p><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/NOP" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/NOP">Open proxy/Webhost</a>: See the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WM:OP/H" class="extiw" title="m:WM:OP/H">help page</a> if you are affected </p> </div> <p>This block will expire on 15:12, 27 August 2028. Your current IP address is 8.222.208.146. </p> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>Even while globally blocked, you will <i>usually</i> still be able to edit pages on <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="m:">Meta-Wiki</a>. </p> </div> <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div style="font-size: 16px;"> <p>If you believe you were blocked by mistake, you can find additional information and instructions in the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards/Wizard" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards/Wizard">Stewards Block Wizard</a>. </p> </div> <p>Other useful links: <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_blocks" class="extiw" title="m:Global blocks">Global blocks</a> · <a href="/wiki/Help:I_have_been_blocked" title="Help:I have been blocked">Help:I have been blocked</a> </p> </div></li></ul><hr /> <div id="viewsourcetext">You can view and copy the source of this page:</div><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="en" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">{{Short description|Free and open source Android app repository}} {{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}} {{Infobox software | title = F-Droid | name = F-Droid | logo = F-Droid Logo 4.svg | logo size = 64px | logo alt = Official F-Droid logo | screenshot = [[File:FDroid 1.19.0 on Android 13.png|222px]] | latest release version = {{LSR/wikidata}} | caption = Screenshot of F-Droid 1.19.0 on Android showing the latest apps | developer = {{wikidata|property|references|edit|P178}} | released = {{wikidata|property|references|edit|P577}} | programming language = [[Python (programming language)|Python]] (server tools), [[Jekyll (software)]] (site), [[Java (programming language)|Java]] (client) | operating system = [[Android (operating system)|Android]] (client), [[Linux]], [[macOS]], [[Windows 10]], [[FreeBSD]] (server) | genre = [[Digital distribution]] of free software, [[Software repository]] | license = {{wikidata|property|references|edit|P275}} }} '''F-Droid''' is a [[free and open source]] [[app store]] and [[software repository]] for [[Android (operating system)|Android]], serving a similar function to the [[Google Play]] store. The main repository, hosted by the project, contains only [[free software|free and open source apps]]. Applications can be browsed, downloaded and installed from the F-Droid website or client app without the need to register an account. "Anti-features" such as advertising, user tracking, or dependence on [[Proprietary software|non-free software]] are flagged in app descriptions.<ref>{{cite web|title=Client 0.54 released|publisher=F-droid.org|url=https://f-droid.org/posts/client-0-54-released/|date=5 November 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426020000/https://f-droid.org/posts/client-0-54-released/|archive-date=26 April 2015|df=dmy-all }}</ref> The website also offers the [[source code]] of applications it hosts, as well as the software running the F-Droid server, allowing anyone to set up their own app repository.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.androidcentral.com/f-droid-foss-application-store-your-android-phone|title=F-Droid is the FOSS application store for your Android phone|last=Hildenbrand|first=Jerry|date=27 November 2012|work=Android Central|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616130200/https://www.androidcentral.com/f-droid-foss-application-store-your-android-phone|archive-date=16 June 2018|url-status=dead|access-date=29 August 2013}}</ref><ref name="TN">{{cite web|url=http://www.thepowerbase.com/2012/08/f-droid-the-android-market-that-respects-your-rights/|title=F-Droid: The Android Market That Respects Your Rights|last=Nardi|first=Tom|date=27 August 2012|work=The Powerbase|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203061021/http://www.thepowerbase.com/2012/08/f-droid-the-android-market-that-respects-your-rights/|archive-date=3 December 2013|url-status=dead|access-date=29 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=F-Droid Server Manual|url=https://f-droid.org/manual/|access-date=30 August 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106051022/https://f-droid.org/manual/|archive-date=6 November 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> == History == [[File:Commits by year month.png|thumb|left|Development of F-Droid data over time from 2010 through 2018<ref>{{cite web|title=Commits by year and month of F-Droid data reported by gitstats|year=2017|url=https://gitlab.com/fdroid/fdroiddata/|access-date=19 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709154023/https://gitlab.com/fdroid/fdroiddata|archive-date=9 July 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>]] F-Droid was founded by [[Ciaran Gultnieks]] in 2010. The client was forked from [[Aptoide]]'s source code.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gitorious.org/f-droid/fdroidclient/source/0b71cb7e7331fb73ee762225d0225fd92ce99010:src/org/fdroid/fdroid|title=F-Droid initial source code|date=19 October 2010|work=F-Droid|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141210121308/https://gitorious.org/f-droid/fdroidclient/source/0b71cb7e7331fb73ee762225d0225fd92ce99010%3Asrc/org/fdroid/fdroid|archive-date=10 December 2014|url-status=dead|access-date=10 December 2014}}</ref><ref name=fdroidabout>{{cite web |url=https://f-droid.org/about/ |title=F Droid About |access-date=28 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140123124323/https://f-droid.org/about/ |archive-date=23 January 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> The project was initially run by the English nonprofit F-Droid Limited.<ref name=fdroidabout /> As of 2021, F-Droid Limited was no longer used for donations,<ref>{{Cite web |last=F-Droid |title=Donations {{!}} F-Droid |url=https://f-droid.org/donate/ |access-date=2022-05-10 |website=F-Droid |archive-date=10 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510183629/https://f-droid.org/donate/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and was being shut down, according to spokesman Hans-Cristoph Steiner.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Apply for the GitLab Open Source Program (#223) · Issues · F-Droid / admin · GitLab |url=https://gitlab.com/fdroid/admin/-/issues/223 |access-date=2022-05-10 |website=GitLab |date=8 May 2021 |language=en |archive-date=10 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510183003/https://gitlab.com/fdroid/admin/-/issues/223 |url-status=live }}</ref> In a 2014 interview for [[Free Software Foundation]], Gultnieks said he was inspired to launch F-Droid because of "lock-down, lock-in and general nefarious behavior from software" on phones.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Interview with Ciaran Gultnieks of F-Droid — Free Software Foundation — Working together for free software |url=https://www.fsf.org/blogs/licensing/interview-with-ciaran-gultnieks-of-f-droid |access-date=2022-04-21 |website=www.fsf.org |archive-date=4 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220604204453/https://www.fsf.org/blogs/licensing/interview-with-ciaran-gultnieks-of-f-droid |url-status=live }}</ref> From 2010 to 2015, F-Droid used the [[GNU Affero General Public License|AGPL]]-licensed [[Gitorious]] repository system for development.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-12-25 |title=F-Droid - Gitorious |url=http://gitorious.org/f-droid |access-date=2022-04-21 |website= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101225035010/http://gitorious.org/f-droid |archive-date=25 December 2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2015, it transitioned to [[Proprietary software|proprietary]] licensed [[GitLab]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=ee/LICENSE · master · GitLab.org / GitLab · GitLab |url=https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/blob/master/ee/LICENSE |access-date=2022-05-11 |website=GitLab |language=en |archive-date=2 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702113300/https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/blob/master/ee/LICENSE |url-status=live }}</ref> when Gitorious was acquired by GitLab. According to Daniel Marti, Former F-Droid Developer, in 2013, removal of [[AdAway]] from the Google Play Store caused a spike in searches and downloads of F-Droid, and he estimated there were 30 to 40 thousand users.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Martí |first=Daniel |date=February 2014 |title=F-Droid |url=https://archive.fosdem.org/2014/schedule/event/f_droid/ |access-date=2022-04-21 |website=archive.fosdem.org |language=en}}</ref> [[Replicant (operating system)|Replicant]], a fully free software Android operating system, previously used F-Droid as its default and recommended app store.<ref>{{cite web|title=FDroid: a free software alternative to Google Market|publisher=Replicant Project|date=26 November 2010|url=https://blog.replicant.us/2010/11/fdroid-a-free-software-alternative-to-google-market/|access-date=17 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150117124502/http://blog.replicant.us/2010/11/fdroid-a-free-software-alternative-to-google-market/|archive-date=17 January 2015|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=FDroid|work=Replicant Wiki|url=https://redmine.replicant.us/projects/replicant/wiki/DeprecatedFDroid|access-date=8 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180309054444/https://redmine.replicant.us/projects/replicant/wiki/DeprecatedFDroid|archive-date=9 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2016, the Replicant project determined F-Droid did not comply with [[GNU Free System Distribution Guidelines]], on the grounds that some of the software it offers promotes or depends on non-free software. Replicant asked for assistance correcting it, but progress stalled.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Replicant 6.0 early work, upstream work and F-Droid issue {{!}} Replicant |url=https://blog.replicant.us/2016/08/replicant-6-early-work-upstream-work-and-f-droid-issue/ |access-date=2022-04-21 |website=blog.replicant.us |date=8 August 2016 |language=en-US |archive-date=6 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706074637/https://blog.replicant.us/2016/08/replicant-6-early-work-upstream-work-and-f-droid-issue/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In June 2022, Replicant announced they had removed F-Droid.<ref>{{Cite web |last=GNUtoo |title=New Replicant 6.0 0004 release and Replicant 11 status. {{!}} Replicant |date=3 June 2022 |url=https://blog.replicant.us/2022/06/new-replicant-6-0-0004-release-and-replicant-11-status/ |access-date=2022-08-03 |language=en-US |archive-date=14 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170514204023/https://blog.replicant.us/2017/05/replicant-6-0-released/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Guardian Project (software)|Guardian Project]], a suite of free and secure Android applications, started running their own F-Droid repository in early 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://guardianproject.info/2012/03/15/our-new-f-droid-app-repository/|title=Our New F-Droid App Repository|date=15 March 2012|publisher=The Guardian Project|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323101444/https://guardianproject.info/2012/03/15/our-new-f-droid-app-repository/|archive-date=23 March 2017|url-status=dead|access-date=29 August 2013}}</ref> In 2012, [[Free Software Foundation Europe]] featured F-Droid in their ''Free Your Android!'' campaign to raise awareness of the privacy and security risks of [[proprietary software]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Walker-Morgan|first1=Dj|title=FSFE launches "Free Your Android!" campaign|publisher=[[Heinz Heise|H-online]]|date=28 February 2012|url=http://www.h-online.com/open/news/item/FSFE-launches-Free-Your-Android-campaign-1444629.html|access-date=27 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140723045318/http://www.h-online.com/open/news/item/FSFE-launches-Free-Your-Android-campaign-1444629.html|archive-date=23 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Liberate Your Device!|publisher=[[Free Software Foundation Europe]]|url=https://fsfe.org/campaigns/android/liberate.en.html|access-date=27 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140815235719/https://fsfe.org/campaigns/android/liberate.en.html|archive-date=15 August 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> In 2014 F-Droid was chosen as part of the [[GNU Project]]'s ''GNU a Day'' initiative during their 30th anniversary to encourage more use of free software.<ref>{{cite web|title=GNU-a-Day|publisher=[[GNU Project]]|url=https://www.gnu.org/gnu30/gnu-a-day/|access-date=23 July 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140728024030/https://www.gnu.org/gnu30/gnu-a-day/|archive-date=28 July 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> In January 2016, Hans-Christoph Steiner, a developer for Calyx Institute,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Team - Calyx Institute |url=https://calyxinstitute.org/about/team |access-date=2022-04-21 |website=calyxinstitute.org |archive-date=9 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409072746/https://calyxinstitute.org/about/team |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Debian]], F-Droid, and Guardian Project, said F-Droid was focusing on issues like security, building with Debian, reproducible builds, software requiring trust of as few people as possible, transparency, user privacy, non-internet distribution of apps, block avoidance, and media distribution.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Steiner |first=Hans-Christoph |date=January 2016 |title=F-Droid: building the private, unblockable app store |url=https://archive.fosdem.org/2016/schedule/event/fdroidappstore/ |access-date=2022-04-21 |website=archive.fosdem.org |language=en}}</ref> In March 2016, F-Droid partnered with the Guardian Project and [[CopperheadOS]] with the goal of creating "a solution that can be verifiably trusted from the operating system, through the network and network services, all the way up to the app stores and apps themselves".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://guardianproject.info/2016/03/28/copperhead-guardian-project-and-f-droid-partner-to-build-open-verifiably-secure-mobile-ecosystem/|title=Copperhead, Guardian Project and F-Droid Partner to Build Open, Verifiably Secure Mobile Ecosystem|date=28 March 2016|publisher=[[The Guardian Project (software)|The Guardian Project]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420170541/https://guardianproject.info/2016/03/28/copperhead-guardian-project-and-f-droid-partner-to-build-open-verifiably-secure-mobile-ecosystem|archive-date=20 April 2016|url-status=live|access-date=19 April 2016}}</ref> Follow-on project [[GrapheneOS]] does not include F-Droid, and is developing their own app distribution method for "higher robustness and security".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Frequently Asked Questions {{!}} GrapheneOS |url=https://grapheneos.org/faq |access-date=2022-04-21 |website=grapheneos.org |language=en |archive-date=5 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205015554/https://grapheneos.org/faq |url-status=live }}</ref> On 16 July 2019, the project published a "Public Statement on Neutrality of Free Software". This statement was issued to address the project's failure to prevent "oppression or harassment&nbsp;... at its communication channels, including its forum", controversy surrounding [[alt-tech]] social media website [[Gab (social network)|Gab]], and to explain how [[Fediverse]] client Tusky blocking access to it, while client Fedilab allowed its users to choose, was consistent with their principles.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Public Statement on Neutrality of Free Software |website=F-Droid |url=https://f-droid.org/en/2019/07/16/statement.html.en |access-date=2020-08-03 |archive-date=7 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807110506/https://f-droid.org/en/2019/07/16/statement.html.en |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Robertson|first=Adi|date=2019-07-12|title=How the biggest decentralized social network is dealing with its Nazi problem|url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/7/12/20691957/mastodon-decentralized-social-network-gab-migration-fediverse-app-blocking|access-date=2021-02-10|website=The Verge|language=en|archive-date=16 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190716234621/https://www.theverge.com/2019/7/12/20691957/mastodon-decentralized-social-network-gab-migration-fediverse-app-blocking|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=TWIF 64: We are back! |website=F-Droid |url=https://f-droid.org/en/2019/07/11/twif-64-we-are-back.html.en |access-date=2021-02-08 |archive-date=14 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210214172740/https://f-droid.org/en/2019/07/11/twif-64-we-are-back.html.en |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Fedilab (fr.gouv.etalab.mastodon) and FreeTusky (com.thechiefmeat.freetusky) explicitly promote violence (#1736) · Issues · F-Droid / Data|url=https://gitlab.com/fdroid/fdroiddata/-/issues/1736|access-date=2021-02-08|website=GitLab|date=8 August 2019|language=en|archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806021836/https://gitlab.com/fdroid/fdroiddata/-/issues/1736|url-status=live}}</ref> Action was considered against several applications, including [[Purism (company)|Purism]]'s [[Purism (company)#Librem One|Librem One]], to exclude them for allowing access to sites such as Gab or spinster.xyz.<ref>{{Cite web|title=remove spinster app (!6013) · Merge Requests · F-Droid / Data|url=https://gitlab.com/fdroid/fdroiddata/-/merge_requests/6013|access-date=2021-01-21|website=GitLab|date=3 December 2019|language=en|archive-date=28 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128154237/https://gitlab.com/fdroid/fdroiddata/-/merge_requests/6013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=depackage Clover (org.floens.chan), Overchan, Overchan (fork), Ouroboros (#1722) · Issues · F-Droid / Data|url=https://gitlab.com/fdroid/fdroiddata/-/issues/1722|access-date=2021-02-08|website=GitLab|date=4 August 2019|language=en|archive-date=11 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210111124306/https://gitlab.com/fdroid/fdroiddata/-/issues/1722|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Consider Depackaging Librem One Apps (#1734) · Issues · F-Droid / Data|url=https://gitlab.com/fdroid/fdroiddata/-/issues/1734|access-date=2021-02-08|website=GitLab|date=7 August 2019|language=en|archive-date=25 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125134434/https://gitlab.com/fdroid/fdroiddata/-/issues/1734|url-status=live}}</ref> According to Ankush Das writing for ItsFoss.com in 2021, F-Droid is known for hosting open-source apps such as [[Element (software)|Element]] or Tusky (later reinstated){{When|date=October 2024|reason=Reinstated on Google Play}} that have been removed from Google Play Store.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-18 |title=Decentralized Networks Under Attack? Google Removes Open-Source Mastodon Client "Tusky" from the Play Store |url=https://news.itsfoss.com/tusky-removed-play-store/ |access-date=2022-04-22 |website=It's FOSS News |language=en-US |archive-date=23 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523142603/https://news.itsfoss.com/tusky-removed-play-store/ |url-status=live }}</ref> == Scope of project == The F-Droid website lists the apps hosted, over 3,800;<ref>{{cite web|title=F-Droid Main Repository|url=https://f-droid.org/en/packages/|access-date=7 February 2021|website=F-Droid|archive-date=8 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208121808/https://f-droid.org/en/packages/|url-status=live}}</ref> the Google Play Store lists about 3 million apps.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Number of available applications in the Google Play Store from December 2009 to December 2020 |author= |work=Statista |date=4 February 2021 |access-date=7 February 2021 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/266210/number-of-available-applications-in-the-google-play-store/ |archive-date=6 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201206141741/https://www.statista.com/statistics/266210/number-of-available-applications-in-the-google-play-store/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The project incorporates several software sub-projects: * Client software for searching, downloading, verifying, and updating Android apps from an F-Droid repository * ''fdroidserver'' – tool for managing existing repositories and creating new ones * [[Jekyll (software)|Jekyll]]-based website generator for a repository F-Droid builds apps from publicly available and freely licensed source code. New apps, which must be free of proprietary software, are contributed by user submissions or the developers themselves.<ref name="inclusion-policy">{{cite web|url=https://f-droid.org/wiki/page/Inclusion_Policy|title=Inclusion Policy|date=4 April 2014|publisher=F-Droid|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150325030726/http://f-droid.org/wiki/page/Inclusion_Policy|archive-date=25 March 2015|url-status=live|access-date=29 March 2015}}</ref> F-Droid tries to check the source code and remove issues, but warns that the checking is not exhaustive.<ref>{{cite web |title=About &vert; F-Droid - Free and Open Source Android App Repository |publisher=F-Droid |url=https://staging.f-droid.org/en/about/ |access-date=25 May 2024 |archive-date=25 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525040223/https://staging.f-droid.org/en/about/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Many app stores, such and Google Play and Apple's App Store, screen apps mostly using automated tools only; malware with [[defeat device]]s can pass these tests, by detecting when the software is being automatically tested and delaying malicious activity.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Barrett |first1=Brian |title=How 18 Malware Apps Snuck Into Apple's App Store |url=https://www.wired.com/story/apple-app-store-malware-click-fraud/ |magazine=Wired |access-date=25 May 2024 |archive-date=25 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525034307/https://www.wired.com/story/apple-app-store-malware-click-fraud/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Whittaker |first1=Zack |title=Millions downloaded dozens of Android apps from Google Play that were infected with adware |url=https://techcrunch.com/2019/10/24/millions-dozens-android-apps-adware/ |website=TechCrunch |date=24 October 2019 |access-date=25 May 2024 |archive-date=25 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525034308/https://techcrunch.com/2019/10/24/millions-dozens-android-apps-adware/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Newman |first1=Lily Hay |title=Never Ever (Ever) Download Android Apps Outside of Google Play |url=https://www.wired.com/2016/12/never-ever-ever-download-android-apps-outside-google-play/ |magazine=Wired |access-date=25 May 2024 |archive-date=25 May 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240525034307/https://www.wired.com/2016/12/never-ever-ever-download-android-apps-outside-google-play/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The project describes itself as having a core of volunteers;<ref>{{cite web|url=https://f-droid.org/contribute/|title=Contribute|publisher=F-Droid|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318142136/https://f-droid.org/contribute/|archive-date=18 March 2015|url-status=live|access-date=29 March 2015}}</ref> some contributors have been paid for their work.<ref>{{Cite web|title=F-Droid · Expenses - Open Collective|url=https://opencollective.com/f-droid/expenses|access-date=2021-02-09|website=opencollective.com|language=en|archive-date=23 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923075244/https://opencollective.com/f-droid/expenses|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Payout request (#194) · Issues · F-Droid / admin|url=https://gitlab.com/fdroid/admin/-/issues/194|access-date=2021-02-09|website=GitLab|date=5 January 2021|language=en|archive-date=1 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301011613/https://gitlab.com/fdroid/admin/-/issues/194|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Mozilla Speed Dating grant payout and further work (#189) · Issues · F-Droid / admin|url=https://gitlab.com/fdroid/admin/-/issues/189|access-date=2021-02-09|website=GitLab|date=5 October 2020|language=en|archive-date=31 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211031223115/https://gitlab.com/fdroid/admin/-/issues/189|url-status=live}}</ref> == Client application == [[File:Get it on F-Droid (material design).svg|thumb|left|"Get it on F-Droid" badge]] F-Droid is not available on the Google Play Store. To install the F-Droid client, the user has to allow installation from "Unknown sources" in Android settings<ref>{{cite web|url=https://developer.android.com/distribute/marketing-tools/alternative-distribution.html|title=Android Open Distribution |date=31 October 2012|access-date=31 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180324010259/https://developer.android.com/distribute/marketing-tools/alternative-distribution.html|archive-date=24 March 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> and retrieve the F-Droid [[Android application package]] (.apk file) from the official site. The client was designed to be resilient against surveillance, censorship, and unreliable Internet connections. To promote anonymity, it supports HTTP proxies and repositories hosted on [[Tor (anonymity network)#Onion services|Tor onion services]]. Client devices can function as impromptu "app stores", distributing downloaded apps to other devices over local [[Wi-Fi]] and [[Bluetooth]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://f-droid.org/posts/client-0-76-released/|title=Client 0.76 Released|date=14 October 2014|publisher=F-Droid|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202032348/https://f-droid.org/posts/client-0-76-released/|archive-date=2 February 2017|url-status=dead|access-date=28 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2014/6/10/5794406/what-do-you-do-when-the-internet-turns-off|title=Your survival guide for an internet blackout|last=Brandom|first=Russell|date=10 June 2014|work=[[The Verge]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808043706/http://www.theverge.com/2014/6/10/5794406/what-do-you-do-when-the-internet-turns-off|archive-date=8 August 2014|url-status=live|access-date=2 August 2014}}</ref> The F-Droid client app automatically offers updates for installed F-Droid apps; when the F-Droid Privileged Extension is installed, updates can also be installed by the app itself in the background.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://f-droid.org/en/packages/org.fdroid.fdroid.privileged/|title=F-Droid Privileged Extension|publisher=F-Droid|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619062756/https://f-droid.org/en/packages/org.fdroid.fdroid.privileged/|archive-date=19 June 2018|url-status=live|access-date=19 June 2018}}</ref> However, automatic updates are not turned on by default.<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Orphanides|first=K. G.|date=2021-01-14|title=How to move all your WhatsApp groups and get started on Signal|language=en-GB|magazine=Wired UK|url=https://www.wired.co.uk/article/signal-app-privacy-security-features|access-date=2021-02-10|issn=1357-0978|archive-date=14 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114062424/https://www.wired.co.uk/article/signal-app-privacy-security-features|url-status=live}}</ref> The extension requires the device to have [[Rooting (Android)|root access]], or to be able to [[Firmware#Flashing|flash]] a [[Zip (file format)|zip file]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://f-droid.org/en/packages/org.fdroid.fdroid.privileged.ota/|title=org.fdroid.fdroid.privileged.ota_2070|publisher=F-Droid|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180619062746/https://f-droid.org/en/packages/org.fdroid.fdroid.privileged.ota/|archive-date=19 June 2018|url-status=live|access-date=19 June 2018}}</ref> == Key management == The Android operating system checks that updates are signed with the same [[Key (cryptography)|key]], preventing others from distributing updates that are signed by a different key.<ref name="moxie-127-1">{{cite web|url=https://github.com/WhisperSystems/Signal-Android/issues/127#issuecomment-13447074|title=moxie0 commented Feb 12, 2013|last=Marlinspike|first=Moxie|author-link=Moxie Marlinspike|date=12 February 2013|via=GitHub|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180110213421/https://github.com/WhisperSystems/Signal-Android/issues/127#issuecomment-13447074|archive-date=10 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://developer.android.com/tools/publishing/app-signing.html|title=Signing Your Applications|website=Android Developers|publisher=Google|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415031947/http://developer.android.com/tools/publishing/app-signing.html|archive-date=15 April 2016|url-status=live|access-date=16 April 2016}}</ref> Originally, the Google Play store required applications to be [[Digital signature|signed]] by the developer of the application, while F-Droid only allowed its own signing keys. So apps previously installed from another source have to be reinstalled to receive updates.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://f-droid.org/wiki/page/Release_Channels_and_Signing_Keys|title=Release Channels and Signing Keys|date=12 August 2014|publisher=F-Droid|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402180343/https://f-droid.org/wiki/page/Release_Channels_and_Signing_Keys|archive-date=2 April 2015|url-status=live|access-date=29 March 2015}}</ref> In September 2017 Google Play started offering developers a signing key service managed by Google Play,<ref name="play-stores-keys">{{cite web|url=https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2017/09/enroll-for-app-signing-in-google-play.html|title=Enroll for app signing in the Google Play Console & secure your app using Google's robust security infrastructure|last=Glick|first=Kobi|date=6 September 2017|website=Android Developers Blog|publisher=Google|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180710225238/https://android-developers.googleblog.com/2017/09/enroll-for-app-signing-in-google-play.html|archive-date=10 July 2018|url-status=live|access-date=16 April 2016}}</ref> offering a similar service to what F-Droid offered since 2011, and F-Droid now lets developers use their own keys via the reproducible build process.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://f-droid.org/docs/Reproducible_Builds/|title=Reproducible Builds|publisher=F-Droid|access-date=10 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180711022101/https://f-droid.org/docs/Reproducible_Builds/|archive-date=11 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> == Security issues == In 2012, F-Droid announced they had removed an app because of a security flaw that could leak personal information.<ref>{{Cite web |last=F-Droid |date=2012-08-23 |title=Security Notice – TextSecure |url=https://f-droid.org/2012/08/23/security-notice-textsecure.html |access-date=2022-04-21 |website=F-Droid.org |archive-date=13 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213204020/https://f-droid.org/2012/08/23/security-notice-textsecure.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2017, F-Droid stated "No malware has been found in f-droid.org in its 7 years of operation."<ref>{{Cite web |last=F-Droid |date=2017-12-13 |title=F-Droid and the Janus Vulnerability |url=https://f-droid.org/en/2017/12/13/fdroid-and-janus.html |access-date=2022-04-21 |website=F-Droid.org |archive-date=21 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421195114/https://f-droid.org/en/2017/12/13/fdroid-and-janus.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2022, F-Droid discovered over 20 distributed applications contained "known vulnerabilities".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Flag many apps with KnownVuln (!11496) · Merge requests · F-Droid / Data · GitLab |url=https://gitlab.com/fdroid/fdroiddata/-/merge_requests/11496 |access-date=2022-12-06 |website=GitLab |date=August 2022 |language=en |archive-date=6 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206083256/https://gitlab.com/fdroid/fdroiddata/-/merge_requests/11496 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Reception == In August 2019, Rae Hodge of [[CNET]] recommended F-Droid as a way to avoid malware from Google apps, which according to Google was a low risk. Advantages of F-Droid were said to include better security odds of open source software, avoidance of tracking in apps and a "stringent security auditing process", no hidden costs, and greater customization. Disadvantages were said to be lack of a rating system, only about 2,600 apps in F-Droid, versus more than 2.5 million in the Play store, and more manual process for updating apps. Editors cautioned F-Droid can give users more control and better privacy and security, but also takes more diligence.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hodge |first=Ron |date=6 August 2019 |title=Fight Android malware by quitting Google Play and using F-Droid for Android apps |url=https://www.cnet.com/tech/mobile/fight-android-malware-by-quitting-google-play-and-using-f-droid-to-install-android-apps/ |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=CNET |language=en |archive-date=3 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603122839/https://www.cnet.com/tech/mobile/fight-android-malware-by-quitting-google-play-and-using-f-droid-to-install-android-apps/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In an April 2022 detailed article for HowtoGeek, Joe Fedewa wrote "The selection of apps is much smaller in F-Droid than the Play Store, around 3,000 compared to around 3 million, but that's to be expected. If you're looking to de-Google your life a bit, or you just want to try some apps that have better ethics, F-Droid is a great place to go."<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fedewa |first=Joe |title=What Is F-Droid and How Is It Different From the Play Store? |url=https://www.howtogeek.com/790674/what-is-f-droid-and-how-is-it-different-from-the-play-store/ |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=How-To Geek |date=18 April 2022 |language=en-US |archive-date=13 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413214325/https://www.howtogeek.com/790674/what-is-f-droid-and-how-is-it-different-from-the-play-store/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In a December 2022 detailed article in ''Popular Science'', Justin Pot wrote "F-Droid isn't going to replace Google Play for most people, but it's a nice and simple alternative for finding free and safe apps before you dive into the swamp that is Google's app store."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-24 |title=How to set up F-Droid, the open-source alternative to the Google Play Store |url=https://www.popsci.com/diy/f-droid-download/ |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=Popular Science |language=en-US |archive-date=13 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230413214324/https://www.popsci.com/diy/f-droid-download/ |url-status=live }}</ref> == See also == {{Portal|Free and open-source software}} * [[Digital distribution]] * [[Kali NetHunter]] * [[List of Android app stores]] * [[List of mobile app distribution platforms]] * [[List of Mobile Device Management software]] * [[Mobile app]] * [[Synaptic (software)]] == References == {{Reflist|30em}}  == Further reading == * {{cite news|last=Amadeo|first=Ron|title=The great Ars experiment—free and open source software on a smartphone?!|publisher=[[Ars Technica]]|date=29 July 2014|url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/07/exploring-the-world-of-foss-android-can-a-smartphone-be-open-source/|access-date=29 July 2014}} * {{Cite web |last1=Lemmer-Webber |first1=Morgan |last2=Lemmer-Webber |first2=Christine |title=57: F-Droid (featuring Sylvia van Os & Hans-Christoph Steiner!) |publisher=FOSS and Crafts |date=14 May 2023 |url=https://fossandcrafts.org/episodes/057-f-droid.html |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=fossandcrafts.org}} == External links == * {{Official website}} {{Software digital distribution platforms}} [[Category:Free and open-source Android software]] [[Category:Free package management systems]] [[Category:Internet services supporting OpenID]] [[Category:Mobile software distribution platforms]] [[Category:Software using the GNU Affero General Public License]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p><span id="templatesused">Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page<span class="posteditwindowhelplinks"> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">help</a>)</span>:</span> </p></div><ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Category_handler" title="Template:Category handler">Template:Category 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