CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "academic.oup.com",cType: 'managed',cRay: '91353c4d8999ce45',cH: 'v92HNU_paHOJA5pKp08rDwnclvPb2Qj0KI4E.Ec6HXI-1739789626-1.2.1.1-paPfNU18pjArncA0HfEVVx3QF1zThNSOS.o5oLciRXXapehkpasDDrKK44WZ_ERy',cUPMDTk: "\/search-results?q=&tax=AcademicSubjects\/SCI01910&__cf_chl_tk=CDzh0dqu31VvKmekrynhih0dQ5DEsddh.u4MxiAkSu4-1739789626-1.0.1.1-nrYM7L22mtOm4fxub7UgItN1jWdDbHdaes0o24O.Ho0",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739789626',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/search-results?q=&tax=AcademicSubjects\/SCI01910&__cf_chl_f_tk=CDzh0dqu31VvKmekrynhih0dQ5DEsddh.u4MxiAkSu4-1739789626-1.0.1.1-nrYM7L22mtOm4fxub7UgItN1jWdDbHdaes0o24O.Ho0",md: "CknbZlkIHIdq6L1fJpPSVy4E.soSm3RZTRgoAwyK.cI-1739789626-1.2.1.1-L1zAGifOLji1hXApprmd_1epFSvDqP_JsYVnlZgIHxDL1DAQafORCAa4zyHQ.dE3pbYHmaONg2HpDfgaq0IZzlXc.RhpYb2pM5b2RPbgYwM74OECx01GWFi4LMCzuVSprPS92H8x8_ZGm5eFYzj3c.f.NKwFy67G9qoY8EDz99JL13LL0r4JXFcC5XUHGeDasu3tGTSfO_10BitCXTiHA17Eol0fwayVqL23zu6nehwt32yaOD0Dtz33AF90gSbjoHUt4Hj6o82a6HvX7zZ5NwvM0w3bUe9k3Nvb5Q62PPRVCiN1H25FISaFc0aw8zTHDPqGQbTwuoTwVApG.S5o0nplVortLdOuyHhOEEVR0VqwJBdVI1yTs4WZVtY1O05tpnctljEWq3bmnRpcyZfWHDauZjVIVCsZW4rU0Tes0Mw.42DXjBs9ZI.14ChUPutjtrr2f.lBn_OlwIbDKgSifL4exhFzupRv12Oq0EQ_T1s3SI51oudtbMM9_WoVZMmZYhwStzAG0VHMqFSB4NP1yI_X0aFcQbykQsuOf63qW1xqMtUy0r61uxK2d_Lens.XNe1JrRpjpRqg1tsmMN5h3CuxHG2nw5CKE4S_9gEcrWtFBqbn3aGN6O8aKgWcNxAf1Y_j1SNxpHIuCh91YTlzJEFlO67opxUebAAisLd35EhPZIBMINKTUZZ3EFWSwZvAZR4JNwFcpahV9o8tcZq1xiQ34Vdk4P__N5CGTyaDTITg77Q3IbEHumYfPpuu5oeSxQmHcGDgsbDZWP0zhpxJreIAXddGMfRTGHKjZ..FVuB0Cpx7XmXyyj2Bek9it9U8dN6YvlDzaxLvVbTNauhfYz8LP1XoGx7Y5SPq9LQRO92dxABI.5xTRXidYKR.UEkfRM5X8mbjU2SJ__Ka0loapkEMvDWXc.KXGYJIo2RzrxCrCNRXEFLTJJNBk_xFTP4cyWpcajMW5D0Ijgfy94tXL.OfvEk4nbE3_udPCF_.PK5hy8pNGrGYwKmHfP7l5NQgmEPbaQClf429Vi.F0WoyCYB.AmArzi1Q7srF6CBqZETiznmZMIV2q4Gn9Up_mwnSJA1yJP6rVU0WWEetbpMZL9rX4pyj5X32x3OU8ZiTvZt5ndzE1KFvm.QnN1taLr3BmuA_fLNTiSh_GwcLpMwysSJoZjfZoyBO_Ayq6mVea35fn1uywNyvsPr7MccmQJGhRw01jO6.SVwZqmUjOncr1X8dkrUIYEoMBwV7G7Zli_A7Z6hSpTJlqE9GJkw8zFvYpO9MFBNVgnMS4aGOf6qtcItx_YqDsrXxrWffDusuDkxZNlGtvTZTUj13kPLM1J7Q5.QsCyAfUgAj2_rF5L6bV50yy7hoEUux.85NMRJXPSGgW8E8lPA1lzlKeqR3bKtGDxHXEqoeIT06j_0dGJWcy50oQf0MqP0KtqA71AThKSBTKNaci9Xns69BnOaJ5TQ8qkL.jDPmLnM6R9tjqNMjUST6cRUFLQ4ikGZ6EBpDxF_x8PId6ZIOgDMPIvEJCY1pRkhKIpOFfyBQBZrSLZ22fEqQkiKXnm7ZJ1EdY10boZSe7EIFHplwBTrSpDyfQrafqrDtwaY3Q3DnayR5kWyWHZYjHUjc6K5ZccUkSdErEJeSHQ8EDmBlgKt4jidiz4yLGHzEDjD5jcJnvgYymtjYtlmlifK9WiJ8nge16pA9WR_tHc2NM3jRKEvmYwqCQ3dumO_311pjYFb2HenzJ0V1wyoDMg68LcmU518IadZZCV5lvZtPfPaJZOgUSXlW5_8D2GB3pxYHgSwE4ZZFV5d_kPUIaC6j5blHjnlVZUqBxzSdDguNRwqrbpVbHYQCvsVthNha9N2DIdgymapo9R24XF_xZf899iuS5vCAHCmz9mbEyI0gwEUScc4GKixO_xgDf0uM4ksYWmKSTjcmD0RfqXws00O4jhU0kYpLUZjQW1qwLyeV3Q9D3sc3KD0o1XZebfVrP5cu.nrqPm2kFA_FpRZ..yGPT6jKX26CGRYjPygcZHPZWGD9orBt6PQZobturHUBzBFCCqfUU0cVzmnF1Yw7OLvJDMesUvzjc_bfQBIsiMS5hnQDzOSM7TSzPXHBxMa3ILYESEkFp94xIEPMesAOjqiGt.m9k8GJi6fX46ECKuHtBzTCg0FNpQwPhmhtaRcofP9s_NCvgoetTW.9pb_5sxIssKSkSYdvpZSRj0.wEaqz6pvcrF4SuxUDRQw9cSnM.rM_yIc5hB2RuIQrYX8IvUeB3Ic9qbhd.Jfz6RoV154AyIlwQENitWcZ9W8Q9yjauwDyH25vdA27t8pFTHtwUpO2mFRG5Jv25qjeRTv8lwTY0WLFVaHF1waFVfwLNrPNOPd4OX_AzxhcF6BtYu2l54BTlUHlTCbEYs2i.7GyrFBSGuD11rxthzVMb6jCNY7oIx0rXfP9oL6uwCxuLUX7hniFD9Z5SzJb6nM27JAl_OAe6Xyt.RmgjI1bCuJ.dZA5I0sg2.AWZwoBYcB8ydSW9D_UKYxsTqIPnZyq6dBJhSwYq04uWmp2RwP4HrafJbrr4hgC4d_NBrhDXAXGMzJww7BVvo30MHSxm70GYk7f.mah3t7n5z2As2m01KVnPmsoDCET3Olrv5D2.M8CFA",mdrd: "fv0SwxY91FHOthCMt3tAaNLKsSGmJb6JNGXldqx__wU-1739789626-1.2.1.1-nU6LStT1T8F2ksKVYam3szlHYlJMIvwFg9gMsVZwcK4h1u588S01SIEE10Do4MtTGeu54xEd2lADKEy_784FJOmOjy47yq1XpB_3QFN_ceTDKtNrJOFPWYL8LJNpo9J_.bdxy3xzSuqPFNAs0kPfjJwC9thdxKZ2Y3S6_U.8Zvn44Rq5tYlx8rpiupIZikJLiRVbXDV7MluklrShejW_r3YdKNis7cFIfA13GLEQ7kq1eh8ha.6ir_QoducEUjjs.z8wKb1l3YozBUpiudnkiyVMfe7AibGPp_9CJXziDNnTsKI.sKBge8KR1l4OrjekwQUFA91Y2KFd0psyUMddC3.v0Uh5YT7JfxOmgSunKyU9TPn0ZKcKdETvz4kZuAFAmjVRFSt7ErqTa_K8Lx538zSBseywoPz5ShwuEovIhWZ1IBsPm6SDKsAUnsyaOxxMk7VVdEztOAHeTPN7TMKAxYb3BJbg4I1vs4.ZbkjxsSayTF6hfJEb1zRDb0BAwQIIzb84Ov1avDJuNSzIw5roF8vUkBtOBVHKFkas0AzJ9U_nDPXaMNBi5RrdSn2mahzGyttpMDbVSMzVt_WpG.iCCGV8baZd_F9TzxBsnCdsyyvV4Xj0S1QLbYtJHgCZkbIWMcc64R6LpaIMHj0WSP6Umc5bCnVHUfG1DTztTSjCSD2YAwvuEqP1Px9NhjQXv7iwDXNqV8wOLyoXUgLwYVzSc7D34eQQeqr81SNi9mc741x9SPZKlLhtGXPKtBgwgSTQfoSS1HYSlQx0JbTPdtdbotDJuiNiCJWFmd9_KYe9Sd0LJra3TTIrxAplmi8ZFaLfk9TZM0jAwh7.bzEAq0MoaH84fSzeADIZshr8ZsOCyIrWJosKlzhzTPy3x3zfu75akdbK9JCQSLAkphGBD.1JPnergWcJ40wnd9qvMogSzvFJDaRV1g0Yz1g5O.VbQUBSERVSLuIeh2NL8hl.AzTnhtLgl9tESXeVTnCLB9PxQSXdZolLx0wGyjTP89R6mLmHIer9Avui585Nl87sA9kmhAGjAQmW_.QOQSiJpO0Ak1zrY0zI9lEeqQfWpSlPlAK5eJF1_AYkkkcR1YELSkv4WaGAKplG4BlvmlwqdeiI8Fa1Occ.0FCx3tJtV7tVW45eDMGxv1U2QYY1x7dKsk_5.XTTa6ks83KorPNR8F_DHvNMUC4oUQYdtyi2TDKPQ4iRF83PrwE1YDt8MVUjgRRyS4h3OfQVMeXh21FVIylDTJ_ujOH0ULUBLkyYE0m3owMIHHnNL3ObA7uS6_djIiqJDcoUJS6pBxdvWoI2is10kgwTknD8vqsA0EfAzjqU7Lw228lue7Q.aBZWtKS2EMhp4w8OXnOpftxrvwk_buASyf6QmEmtFx3D0Vvw1AOhQjascF8ELpl_ZUF88p5l5LEXqxwyIttkwQ3fpjtmu9HjT6765B3RbmpSK9_KGvxEcu9HN5USy6wrjjvlVoYY3ruQCjtBGmciFkt1MkDxwXL.FaFVEU8SEnnIQWir4tvlbD2M8S.Hyc.enfbFOzemzcbZOvC0V_WW2puGGdWbtrxsVq42_TAsA56k89ET22OF4gzr6SsDbSplwvbYOYMzM9xMzMEMeP0DlhBzhHl2bAKhs5EWmWDZc4Uz69OLFcrWDc8fcyn0MMG2RqCQ1BEFn7VnKAlcj0IpR4J2cZry8wLdhboWOI4vjMPvJWIWyCUUzoEVGquZHKGIODnkFGQVj6ou9JpQEmtL_kla2UaEhjmG6Vub.i304p2nWa8it9ac448KqOeWnaIvCFDlRQH8RuhgPGAqYR3tv63PidpaVucWyNz0xtqeirkibZXfGkfZBuEs5PEtgsLDANx7ASGWZQJ7_7Rm5ezGqlznRWIqZ0IIQ7IJrx3l6Nl0GwMkyTILNQtMVBygbFNiWxk1WLv9xIpoS1sECWEJwbS.nOnxKlDkJIJsNlKm.mZuLHkfCAwVptwQ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91353c4d8999ce45';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/search-results?q=&tax=AcademicSubjects\/SCI01910&__cf_chl_rt_tk=CDzh0dqu31VvKmekrynhih0dQ5DEsddh.u4MxiAkSu4-1739789626-1.0.1.1-nrYM7L22mtOm4fxub7UgItN1jWdDbHdaes0o24O.Ho0" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>