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赛尔曼·瓦克斯曼 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书

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cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">外观</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=spontaneous&amp;uselang=zh-hans" class=""><span>资助维基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&amp;returnto=%E8%B5%9B%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录,但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&amp;returnto=%E8%B5%9B%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC" title="建议你登录,尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=spontaneous&amp;uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&amp;returnto=%E8%B5%9B%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录,但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&amp;returnto=%E8%B5%9B%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC" title="建议你登录,尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-生平" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生平"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>生平</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-生平-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-土壤细菌学与抗生素" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#土壤细菌学与抗生素"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>土壤细菌学与抗生素</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-土壤细菌学与抗生素-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-链霉素" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#链霉素"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>链霉素</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-链霉素-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-诺贝尔奖" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#诺贝尔奖"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>诺贝尔奖</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-诺贝尔奖-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-法律纠纷" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#法律纠纷"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>法律纠纷</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-法律纠纷-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-荣誉" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#荣誉"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>荣誉</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-荣誉-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">赛尔曼·瓦克斯曼</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。66种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-66" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">66种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سلمان واكسمان – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سلمان واكسمان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سلمان واكسمان – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سلمان واكسمان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selman_Vaksman" title="Selman Vaksman – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Selman Vaksman" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86" title="سلمان واکسمن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سلمان واکسمن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Ваксман Зельман Абрахам – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ваксман Зельман Абрахам" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Зельман Ваксман – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Зельман Ваксман" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Селман Ваксман – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Селман Ваксман" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="সেলম্যান ওয়াক্সম্যান – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সেলম্যান ওয়াক্সম্যান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selman_Abraham_Waksman" title="Selman Abraham Waksman – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Selman Abraham Waksman" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%95%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سەلمان واکسمان – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سەلمان واکسمان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selman_Abraham_Waksman" title="Selman Abraham Waksman – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Selman Abraham Waksman" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selman_Abraham_Waksman" title="Selman Abraham Waksman – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Selman Abraham Waksman" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selman_Abraham_Waksman" title="Selman Abraham Waksman – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Selman Abraham Waksman" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selman_Waksman" title="Selman Waksman – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Selman Waksman" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selman_Waksman" title="Selman Waksman – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Selman Waksman" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selman_Waksman" title="Selman Waksman – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Selman Waksman" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selman_Waksman" title="Selman Waksman – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Selman Waksman" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selman_Abraham_Waksman" title="Selman Abraham Waksman – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Selman Abraham Waksman" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86" title="سلمان واکسمن – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سلمان واکسمن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selman_Waksman" title="Selman Waksman – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Selman Waksman" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selman_Waksman" title="Selman Waksman – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Selman Waksman" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selman_Waksman" title="Selman Waksman – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Selman Waksman" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%9F_%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%94%D7%9D_%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%9F" title="סלמן אברהם וקסמן – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סלמן אברהם וקסמן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selman_Abraham_Waksman" title="Selman Abraham Waksman – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Selman Abraham Waksman" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selman_Waksman" title="Selman Waksman – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Selman Waksman" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selman_A._Waksman" title="Selman A. Waksman – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Selman A. Waksman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selman_Waksman" title="Selman Waksman – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Selman Waksman" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selman_Abraham_Waksman" title="Selman Abraham Waksman – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Selman Abraham Waksman" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AF%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3" title="セルマン・ワクスマン – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="セルマン・ワクスマン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Зельман Ваксман – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Зельман Ваксман" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಸೆಲ್ಮನ್ ವಾಕ್ಸ್ಮನ್ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸೆಲ್ಮನ್ ವಾಕ್ಸ್ಮನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%85%80%EB%A8%BC_%EC%97%90%EC%9D%B4%EB%B8%8C%EB%9F%AC%ED%96%84_%EC%99%81%EC%8A%A4%EB%A8%BC" title="셀먼 에이브러햄 왁스먼 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="셀먼 에이브러햄 왁스먼" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selman_Abraham_Waksman" title="Selman Abraham Waksman – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Selman Abraham Waksman" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ze%C4%BCmans_Vaksmans" title="Zeļmans Vaksmans – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Zeļmans Vaksmans" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Селман Ваксман – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Селман Ваксман" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="സെൽമാൻ വാക്ക്സ്മാൻ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സെൽമാൻ വാക്ക്സ്മാൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selman_Waksman" title="Selman Waksman – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Selman Waksman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86" title="سلمان واکسمن – 马赞德兰语" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="سلمان واکسمن" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="马赞德兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selman_Waksman" title="Selman Waksman – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Selman Waksman" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selman_Waksman" title="Selman Waksman – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Selman Waksman" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%A8" title="ਸੇਲਮੈਨ ਵਾਕਸਮੈਨ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੇਲਮੈਨ ਵਾਕਸਮੈਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selman_Waksman" title="Selman Waksman – 邦板牙语" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Selman Waksman" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="邦板牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selman_Waksman" title="Selman Waksman – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Selman Waksman" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سلمان واکسمان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سلمان واکسمان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selman_Waksman" title="Selman Waksman – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Selman Waksman" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selman_Abraham_Waksman" title="Selman Abraham Waksman – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Selman Abraham Waksman" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Ваксман, Зельман Абрахам – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ваксман, Зельман Абрахам" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selman_Waksman" title="Selman Waksman – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Selman Waksman" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selman_Waksman" title="Selman Waksman – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Selman Waksman" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selman_Waksman" title="Selman Waksman – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Selman Waksman" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Селман Ваксман – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Селман Ваксман" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selman_A._Waksman" title="Selman A. Waksman – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Selman A. Waksman" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selman_Waksman" title="Selman Waksman – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Selman Waksman" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="செல்மன் வாக்ஸ்மேன் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="செல்மன் வாக்ஸ்மேன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ваксман Зелман – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Ваксман Зелман" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="เซลมัน แวกส์มัน – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เซลมัน แวกส์มัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selman_Abraham_Waksman" title="Selman Abraham Waksman – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Selman Abraham Waksman" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Зелман Ваксман – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Зелман Ваксман" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Зельман Ваксман – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Зельман Ваксман" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%DB%8C%D9%84_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86" title="عیل مین والکمین – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عیل مین والکمین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selman_Waksman" title="Selman Waksman – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Selman Waksman" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selman_Waksman" title="Selman Waksman – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Selman Waksman" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B5%9B%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7A%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC" title="赛尔曼·A·瓦克斯曼 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="赛尔曼·A·瓦克斯曼" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ზელმან ვაკსმანი – 明格列爾文" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ზელმან ვაკსმანი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="明格列爾文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selman_Waksman" title="Selman Waksman – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Selman Waksman" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A5%A7%E6%96%87%C2%B7A%C2%B7%E7%8D%B2%E5%A3%AB%E6%96%87" title="西奧文·A·獲士文 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="西奧文·A·獲士文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q232308#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > 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hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E8%B5%9B%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%9B%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%9B%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC&amp;action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%9B%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC&amp;action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%9B%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%9B%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC&amp;action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%9B%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC&amp;action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E8%B5%9B%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E8%B5%9B%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%9B%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC&amp;oldid=82239592" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%9B%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC&amp;action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&amp;page=%E8%B5%9B%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC&amp;id=82239592&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E8%25B5%259B%25E5%25B0%2594%25E6%259B%25BC%25C2%25B7%25E7%2593%25A6%25E5%2585%258B%25E6%2596%25AF%25E6%259B%25BC"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E8%25B5%259B%25E5%25B0%2594%25E6%259B%25BC%25C2%25B7%25E7%2593%25A6%25E5%2585%258B%25E6%2596%25AF%25E6%259B%25BC"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=%E8%B5%9B%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Selman_Waksman" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Selman_Abraham_Waksman" hreflang="en"><span>维基物种</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q232308" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div 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</div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科,自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732082">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><span class="fn">赛尔曼·A·瓦克斯曼<span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E8%B2%9D%E7%88%BE%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E6%88%96%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E7%8D%8E" title="1952年諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎得主"><img alt="1952年諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎得主" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/25px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/38px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/50px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span></span><br />Selman A. Waksman</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Selman_Waksman_NYWTS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Selman_Waksman_NYWTS.jpg/220px-Selman_Waksman_NYWTS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Selman_Waksman_NYWTS.jpg/330px-Selman_Waksman_NYWTS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Selman_Waksman_NYWTS.jpg/440px-Selman_Waksman_NYWTS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2177" data-file-height="2668" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">出生</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1888年7月22日<br /><span class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0" title="乌克兰">乌克兰</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%99%AE%E9%87%8C%E7%9B%A7%E5%8D%A1" title="新普里盧卡">新普里盧卡</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">逝世</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1973年8月16日<br /><span class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E8%90%A8%E8%AF%B8%E5%A1%9E%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="马萨诸塞州">马萨诸塞州</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%B0%94%E8%8C%85%E6%96%AF" class="mw-disambig" title="法尔茅斯">法爾茅斯</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">居住地</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">美国</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">国籍</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="">美国</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">奖项</th><td class="infobox-data note" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E6%96%87%E8%99%8E%E5%85%8B%E5%A5%96%E7%AB%A0" title="列文虎克奖章">列文虎克奖章</a>(1950)<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nobel_prize_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/20px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/40px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E6%88%96%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%A5%96" title="诺贝尔生理学或医学奖">诺贝尔生理学或医学奖</a>(1952)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"><b>科学生涯</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;;">研究领域</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="">生物化学和微生物学</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>赛尔曼·A·瓦克斯曼</b>(英語:<span lang="en">Selman A. Waksman</span>,1888年7月22日—1973年8月16日),<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0" title="乌克兰">乌克兰</a>裔<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>生物化学家和微生物学家。瓦克斯曼发现了<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BE%E9%9C%89%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="链霉素">链霉素</a>和其他<a href="/wiki/%E6%8A%97%E7%94%9F%E7%B4%A0" title="抗生素">抗生素</a>。瓦克斯曼首先将链霉素用于治疗<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%BA%E7%BB%93%E6%A0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="肺结核">肺结核</a>病人。瓦克斯曼因此获得1952年<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E6%88%96%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%A5%96" title="诺贝尔生理学或医学奖">诺贝尔生理学或医学奖</a>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="生平"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E5.B9.B3"></span>生平</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%9B%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="编辑章节:生平"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1888年7月22日,赛尔曼·瓦克斯曼出生于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="俄罗斯帝国">俄罗斯帝国</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%85%8B%E5%85%B0" title="乌克兰">乌克兰</a>的一个小村镇。父亲靠编织家具上用的布料养家糊口,母亲和几个亲戚一起开了一家杂货批发行。瓦克斯曼从小受的是传统的犹太教育,后来为了上大学又进人了<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%96%E5%BE%B7%E8%90%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="敖德萨">敖德萨</a>的一所拉丁学校学习。尽管瓦克斯曼通过了拉丁学校的考试,但由于俄国对犹太族裔的种种歧视和限制,他被关在了大学门外。 </p><p>1909年,瓦克斯曼的母亲去世,已经移民<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>的亲戚向他发出了邀请。1910年,22岁的瓦克斯曼漂洋过海来到美国的<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%B3%BD%E8%A5%BF%E5%B7%9E" title="新泽西州">新泽西州</a>。在亲戚的农场里,他学习并掌握了员基本的农业知识。第二年,瓦克斯曼进入了附近的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="拉特格斯大学">拉特格斯大学</a>。在那里他遇到了同样来自俄国的细菌学专家<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%99%AE%E6%9B%BC" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="利普曼">利普曼</a>教授。作为农学院院长,利普曼极力主张瓦克斯曼学习农业并给了他奖学金。1915年瓦克斯曼本科毕业,第二年获得硕士学位。在读研究生期间,他曾经在新泽西州的农业实验站做过土壤细菌学方面的研究。1916年,瓦克斯曼成为美国公民并与来自同村的俄国同乡菠莎·敏尼克结了婚。婚后,瓦克斯曼前往<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="加州">加州</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%90%8A%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="柏克萊大學">柏克莱大学</a>攻读博士,只用了两年时间便拿到了博士学位。他的毕业论文是关于真菌中水解酶的研究。 </p><p>1918年,瓦克斯曼的母校拉特格斯大学聘请他担任土壤微生物学的讲师。由于工资微薄,最初几年他不得不靠在校外兼差维持生计。1920年起,瓦克斯曼开始在科学界有了一些名气并出版了两本重要的专业著作。其中《土壤微生物学原理》被土壤细菌学的研究者奉为经典。同时,他的实验室也不断有新成果问世。20年代中,瓦克斯曼升为副教授,1930年又升为教授。 </p><p>1930年代,瓦克斯曼对<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4" title="土壤">土壤</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%85%90%E6%AE%96%E8%B4%A8" title="腐殖质">腐殖质</a>土壤与<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A5%E7%82%AD" title="泥炭">泥炭</a>中微生物复杂的生命结构进行了系统的研究。作为这个学科领域的带头人,他吸引了许多慕名而来的研究生和博士后。瓦克斯曼在撰写专业著作的同时,与不少微生物方面的企业建立了良好的合作关系。这些企业日后对生产和推广瓦克斯曼的研究成果起了很大作用。1939年,瓦克斯曼担任了美国战时细菌委员会主席。他利用自己早年对土壤微生物的研究结果,研制出保护士兵与军事设备的杀菌剂,他还帮助<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%B5%B7%E5%86%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="美国海军">海军</a>解决了损害船体的细菌问题。这一年,瓦克斯曼的一位研究生发现了两种从土壤中分离出来的抗菌素:短杆菌酪肽和短杆菌肽,后者对<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A9%E5%85%B0%E6%B0%8F%E9%98%B3%E6%80%A7%E8%8F%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="革兰氏阳性菌">革兰氏阳性菌</a>十分有效。但由于短杆菌肽对人体毒性过大,只能用于动物的各种细菌感染上。这一发现激励了瓦克斯曼继续探索土壤中抗菌微生物的医疗作用。他建立起一个由50名研究生与研究助理组成的团队,对成千上万种土壤中的真菌和微生物进行了系统分析和研究。1940年,瓦克斯曼成为微生物系系主任。这一年,他和手下的研究人员分离出了<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E7%BA%BF%E8%8F%8C%E7%B4%A0" title="放线菌素">放线菌素</a>。尽管放线菌素对人体依然有害,但随后发现的它的几种分类却有较强的抗癌作用。在接下来的十年里,瓦克斯曼及其助手又分离出十种不同的抗菌素,其中最重大的发现就是<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BE%E9%9C%89%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="链霉素">链霉素</a>。链霉素不仅对人体基本无害,而且对革兰氏阴性菌感染极为有效,尤其是当时被称为“人类头号杀手”的结核病。从1944年第一次临床实验成功开始,链霉素显示出了神奇的疗效,将无数患者从死神手中解救出来。1950年,链霉素对其他疾病的作用也得到了证实,包括<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%91%E8%86%9C%E7%82%8E" title="脑膜炎">脑膜炎</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E5%86%85%E8%86%9C%E7%82%8E" title="心内膜炎">心内膜炎</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E" title="肺炎">肺炎</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BF%E9%81%93%E6%84%9F%E6%9F%93" class="mw-redirect" title="尿道感染">尿道感染</a>等炎症。 </p><p>在瓦克斯曼的亲自安排下,链霉素在多家医药公司同时投入生产,成为一项年产量价值五千万元的产业。拉特格斯大学成为链霉素专利权的最大受益者,而且瓦克斯曼还把属于自己的那份收入捐赠出一大部分,为母校建立起一所微生物学院,后来改名为瓦克斯曼微生物学院。此外,他还将自己对链霉素的研究成果写成了一部名为《链霉素:性能及其实用》的著作出版。链霉素的发现改变了现代医学的进程。它不仅挽救了无数生命,而且开辟了医学研究的新领域,激发了世界各地的科学家们从微生物中寻找其他抗菌素和药物。1949年,瓦克斯曼分离出新霉素,用于对链霉素产生了抗体的细菌感染。他领导下的微生物学院也不断发现新的抗菌素。1950年,瓦克斯曼与学生施瓦茨陷入法律纠纷。 </p><p>1958年,瓦克斯曼从拉特格斯大学退休,但他并未停止工作。他不仅继续讲课和指导科研,而且继续以惊人的速度写作和出版。瓦克斯曼一共发表了二十多本著作,其中他的自传《我的一生与微生物》被译为多种文字。除诺贝尔医学奖之外,瓦克斯曼还获得了<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E8%8D%A3%E8%AA%89%E9%AA%91%E5%A3%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="法国荣誉骑士(页面不存在)">法国荣誉骑士</a>称号以及巴西、英国、丹麦、意大利、日本、荷兰等许多国家学术组织的表彰。此外,他还于2005年5月被列入美国发明家名人榜。 </p><p>1973年8月16日,赛尔门·瓦克斯曼因脑溢血逝世,死后葬拉特格斯大学附近。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="土壤细菌学与抗生素"><span id=".E5.9C.9F.E5.A3.A4.E7.BB.86.E8.8F.8C.E5.AD.A6.E4.B8.8E.E6.8A.97.E7.94.9F.E7.B4.A0"></span>土壤细菌学与抗生素</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%9B%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="编辑章节:土壤细菌学与抗生素"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>瓦克斯曼自学生时代起研究土壤细菌学。他的实验室致力于从各种<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%86%E8%8F%8C" title="细菌">细菌</a>中筛选分离杀菌成分。因后来他发现了链霉素和其他抗生素,被称为“土壤之人”<sup id="cite_ref-time_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。一般认为是瓦克斯曼最早使用“抗生素”这一新名词。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="链霉素"><span id=".E9.93.BE.E9.9C.89.E7.B4.A0"></span>链霉素</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%9B%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="编辑章节:链霉素"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1943年10月19日瓦克斯曼实验室成功分离链霉素。是由他的研究生<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E8%8C%A8" title="艾伯特·沙茨">艾伯特·沙茨</a>分离的。瓦克斯曼随即与<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E7%BA%A6%E8%AF%8A%E6%89%80" class="mw-redirect" title="马约诊所">马约诊所</a>(Mayo Clinic)的医生合作首先将链霉素用于治疗肺结核病人。这是当时的第一个有效治疗肺结核的药物。链霉素的应用大大地减少了死于肺结核的人数。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="诺贝尔奖"><span id=".E8.AF.BA.E8.B4.9D.E5.B0.94.E5.A5.96"></span>诺贝尔奖</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%9B%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="编辑章节:诺贝尔奖"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1952年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖颁发给瓦克斯曼,因为 "他发现了链霉素、 第一有效抗生素用于治疗肺结核"。但一般认为他的获奖不仅仅是因为链霉素,而是因为他发明了一系列分离抗生素的方法和技术, 使他的实验室分离了多种抗生素。 </p><p>1951年瓦克斯曼用他个人一半的专利费建立了瓦克斯曼微生物学基金会。用此基金在罗格斯大学建立了瓦克斯曼微生物学研究所<sup id="cite_ref-fund_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fund-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="法律纠纷"><span id=".E6.B3.95.E5.BE.8B.E7.BA.A0.E7.BA.B7"></span>法律纠纷</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%9B%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="编辑章节:法律纠纷"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>瓦克斯曼的研究生<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E8%8C%A8" title="艾伯特·沙茨">艾伯特·沙茨</a>认为链霉素是他亲自分离成功的,他也应该得诺贝尔奖,以至告到法院<sup id="cite_ref-will_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-will-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-law_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-law-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。瓦克斯曼曾经写信给A. Schatz: </p> <table class="cquote pullquote" role="presentation" style="margin:auto; display:table; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; background-color: transparent; color: inherit;width: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="width: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: left; padding: 10px; text-orientation: upright">“ </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; border: none; padding: 4px 10px;">所以,你要充分认识到在解决链霉素的问题上你的贡献并不大。你只是我实验室研究抗生素这一伟大的车轮上的多部件之一。在这方面的工作中,有许多研究生和研究助理帮助我;他们是我的工具, 我的手,如果您想知道的话”。(英文原文: "you must, therefore, be fully aware of the fact that your own share in the solution of the streptomycin problem was only a small one. You were one of many cogs in a great wheel in the study of antibiotics in this laboratory. There were a large number of graduate students and assistants who helped me in this work; they were my tools, my hands, if you please.") </td> <td class="skin-invert" style="width: 20px; vertical-align: bottom; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;, Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: right; padding: 10px; text-orientation: upright">” </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>此案最终认定沙茨为链霉素的“共同发现人”<sup id="cite_ref-will_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-will-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-law_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-law-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="荣誉"><span id=".E8.8D.A3.E8.AA.89"></span>荣誉</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%9B%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="编辑章节:荣誉"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JPN_Kyokujitsu-sho_2Class_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/JPN_Kyokujitsu-sho_2Class_BAR.svg/60px-JPN_Kyokujitsu-sho_2Class_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/JPN_Kyokujitsu-sho_2Class_BAR.svg/90px-JPN_Kyokujitsu-sho_2Class_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/JPN_Kyokujitsu-sho_2Class_BAR.svg/120px-JPN_Kyokujitsu-sho_2Class_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%AD%E6%97%A5%E7%AB%A0" title="旭日章">勋二等旭日重光章</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>,1952年12月23日批准<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%9B%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="编辑章节:参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-time-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-time_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,800002,00.html"><span style="padding-left:0.2em;">"</span>土壤之人" 时代周刊,1949年4月4日</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;2007年4月5日&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130721095614/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,800002,00.html">存档</a>于2013年7月21日).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%B5%9B%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC&amp;rft.btitle=%22%E5%9C%9F%E5%A3%A4%E4%B9%8B%E4%BA%BA%22+%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3%E5%91%A8%E5%88%8A%EF%BC%8C1949%E5%B9%B44%E6%9C%884%E6%97%A5&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C800002%2C00.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fund-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fund_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.waksmanfoundation.org/">瓦克斯曼微生物学基金会</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2007-04-09</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161101113607/http://www.waksmanfoundation.org/">存档</a>于2016-11-01).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%B5%9B%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC&amp;rft.btitle=%E7%93%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%E5%BE%AE%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%9F%BA%E9%87%91%E4%BC%9A&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.waksmanfoundation.org%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-will-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-will_3-0"><sup><b>3.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-will_3-1"><sup><b>3.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">William Kingston. Streptomycin, Schatz v. Waksman, and the Balance of Credit for Discovery. Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 2004 59(3):441-462</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-law-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-law_4-0"><sup><b>4.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-law_4-1"><sup><b>4.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lawrence, Peter A. (2002). The misallocation of credit is endemic in science. Nature 415 (6874), 835-836.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070626163157/http://acswebcontent.acs.org/landmarks/antibiotics/trials.html">存档副本</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2007-04-09</span>&#93;</span>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://acswebcontent.acs.org/landmarks/antibiotics/trials.html">原始内容</a>存档于2007-06-26).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%B5%9B%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC&amp;rft.btitle=%E5%AD%98%E6%A1%A3%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Facswebcontent.acs.org%2Flandmarks%2Fantibiotics%2Ftrials.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> American Chemical Society. The trials of streptomycin</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="日語">(日語)</span><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jacar.archives.go.jp/aj/meta/result?DB_ID=G0000101EXTERNAL&amp;DEF_XSL=default&amp;ON_LYD=on&amp;IS_INTERNAL=false&amp;IS_STYLE=default&amp;IS_KIND=detail&amp;IS_START=1&amp;IS_NUMBER=1&amp;IS_TAG_S18=eadid&amp;IS_KEY_S18=M2018082217212508359">米国人セルマン・アブラム・ワックスマンを勲二等に叙し旭日重光章を贈与するについて・外国人</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E7%AB%8B%E5%85%AC%E6%96%87%E6%9B%B8%E9%A4%A8" title="國立公文書館">国立公文书馆</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> &#91;<span class="nowrap">2023-11-05</span>&#93;</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231105124243/https://www.jacar.archives.go.jp/aj/meta/result?DB_ID=G0000101EXTERNAL&amp;DEF_XSL=default&amp;ON_LYD=on&amp;IS_INTERNAL=false&amp;IS_STYLE=default&amp;IS_KIND=detail&amp;IS_START=1&amp;IS_NUMBER=1&amp;IS_TAG_S18=eadid&amp;IS_KEY_S18=M2018082217212508359">存档</a>于2023-11-05).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%B5%9B%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC&amp;rft.atitle=%E7%B1%B3%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E3%82%BB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AF%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E3%82%92%E5%8B%B2%E4%BA%8C%E7%AD%89%E3%81%AB%E5%8F%99%E3%81%97%E6%97%AD%E6%97%A5%E9%87%8D%E5%85%89%E7%AB%A0%E3%82%92%E8%B4%88%E4%B8%8E%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E3%81%AB%E3%81%A4%E3%81%84%E3%81%A6%E3%83%BB%E5%A4%96%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=%E5%9B%BD%E7%AB%8B%E5%85%AC%E6%96%87%E4%B9%A6%E9%A6%86&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jacar.archives.go.jp%2Faj%2Fmeta%2Fresult%3FDB_ID%3DG0000101EXTERNAL%26DEF_XSL%3Ddefault%26ON_LYD%3Don%26IS_INTERNAL%3Dfalse%26IS_STYLE%3Ddefault%26IS_KIND%3Ddetail%26IS_START%3D1%26IS_NUMBER%3D1%26IS_TAG_S18%3Deadid%26IS_KEY_S18%3DM2018082217212508359&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%B5%9B%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="编辑章节:外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1952/waksman-bio.html">诺贝尔奖网页—赛尔曼·A·瓦克斯曼</a>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20180619213821/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1952/waksman-bio.html">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1952/waksman-bio.html">Nobel Prize: Selman Waksman</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20011202084559/http://www.nobel.se/medicine/laureates/1952/waksman-bio.html">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.waksmanfoundation.org/">Waksman Foundation for Microbiology</a>(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20161101113607/http://www.waksmanfoundation.org/">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/journal_of_the_history_of_medicine_and_allied_sciences/v059/59.3kingston.html">Streptomycin, Schatz v. Waksman, and the Balance of Credit for Discovery</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&amp;GSln=waksman&amp;GSfn=selman&amp;GSbyrel=all&amp;GSdyrel=all&amp;GSob=n&amp;GRid=9533563&amp;pt=Selman%20Abraham%20Waksman&amp;">Findagrave: Selman Waksman</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20160303193036/http://findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&amp;GSln=waksman&amp;GSfn=selman&amp;GSbyrel=all&amp;GSdyrel=all&amp;GSob=n&amp;GRid=9533563&amp;pt=Selman%20Abraham%20Waksman&amp;">页面存档备份</a>,存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6%E6%88%96%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%A5%96%E5%BE%97%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主列表">获得者</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #d3d3d3; text-align: center;">1901年-1925年</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap">1901年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E6%9E%97" title="埃米尔·阿道夫·冯·贝林">贝林</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1902年:<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E7%BA%B3%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="罗纳德·罗斯">罗斯</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1903年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%90%95%E8%B4%9D%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E8%8A%AC%E6%A3%AE" title="尼尔斯·吕贝里·芬森">芬森</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1904年:<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E8%90%AC%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E7%94%AB%E6%B4%9B%E5%A4%AB" title="伊萬·巴甫洛夫">巴甫洛夫</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1905年:<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E8%B5%AB" title="罗伯特·科赫">科赫</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1906年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%B1%B3%E6%B4%9B%C2%B7%E9%AB%98%E5%B0%94%E5%9F%BA" title="卡米洛·高尔基">高尔基</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A%E5%93%A5%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E8%92%99-%E5%8D%A1%E5%93%88%E5%B0%94" title="圣地亚哥·拉蒙-卡哈尔">拉蒙-卡哈尔</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1907年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E6%96%B9%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E9%9F%A6%E6%9C%97" title="夏尔·路易·阿方斯·拉韦朗">拉韦朗</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1908年:<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%C2%B7%E6%A2%85%E5%A5%91%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%AF%E5%A4%AB" title="伊利亞·梅契尼可夫">梅契尼可夫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%E5%88%A9%E5%B8%8C" title="保罗·埃尔利希">埃尔利希</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1909年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E7%89%B9%E5%A5%A7%E5%A4%9A%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E8%B5%AB%E7%88%BE" title="埃米爾·特奧多爾·科赫爾">科赫尔</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1910年:<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E5%B8%83%E9%9B%B7%E5%B8%8C%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94" title="阿尔布雷希特·科塞尔">科塞尔</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1911年:<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E7%93%A6%C2%B7%E5%8F%A4%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E8%98%AD%E5%BE%B7" title="阿爾瓦·古爾斯特蘭德">古尔斯特兰德</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1912年:<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%85%8B%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E9%9B%B7%E5%B0%94" title="亚历克西·卡雷尔">卡雷尔</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1913年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%87%8C%E6%AD%87" title="夏尔·罗贝尔·里歇">里歇</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1914年:<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%BC" title="羅伯特·巴拉尼">巴拉尼</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1919年:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%8D%9A%E7%88%BE%E4%BB%A3" title="朱爾·博爾代">博尔代</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1920年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85" title="奧古斯特·克羅">克罗</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1922年:<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A5%87%E5%8D%9A%E7%88%BE%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E7%88%BE" title="阿奇博爾德·希爾">希尔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E9%82%81%E7%88%BE%E9%9C%8D%E5%A4%AB" title="奧托·邁爾霍夫">迈尔霍夫</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1923年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%8F%AD%E5%BB%B7" title="弗雷德里克·班廷">班廷</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E9%BA%A5%E5%85%8B%E5%8B%9E%E5%BE%B7_(%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6)" title="約翰·麥克勞德 (生理學家)">麦克劳德</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1924年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E5%9B%A0%E6%89%98%E8%8A%AC" title="威廉·埃因托芬">埃因托芬</a></span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #d3d3d3; text-align: center;">1926年-1950年</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap">1926年:<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%8F%B2%E6%AF%94%E6%A0%BC" title="約翰尼斯·菲比格">菲比格</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1927年:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E5%88%A9%E8%91%89%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E6%A0%BC%E7%B4%8D-%E5%A0%AF%E9%9B%B7%E6%A0%BC" title="朱利葉斯·瓦格納-堯雷格">瓦格纳-尧雷格</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1928年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%B0%BC%E7%A7%91%E5%8B%92" title="夏尔·尼科勒">尼科勒</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1929年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E5%AE%89%C2%B7%E8%89%BE%E5%85%8B%E6%9B%BC" title="克里斯蒂安·艾克曼">艾克曼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E6%99%AE%E9%87%91%E6%96%AF" title="弗雷德里克·霍普金斯">霍普金斯</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1930年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%85%B0%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%BD%E6%B3%B0%E7%BA%B3" title="卡尔·兰德施泰纳">兰德施泰纳</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1931年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E6%B5%B7%E5%9B%A0%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E5%A0%A1" title="奥托·海因里希·瓦尔堡">瓦尔堡</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1932年:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E7%A7%91%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%B0%A2%E7%81%B5%E9%A1%BF" title="查尔斯·斯科特·谢灵顿">谢灵顿</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E4%BB%A3%E9%98%BF%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%AE%89%E7%94%B7%E7%88%B5%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E5%8A%A0%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%AE%89" title="第一代阿德里安男爵埃德加·阿德里安">阿德里安</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1933年:<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BA%A8%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%B9" title="托马斯·亨特·摩尔根">摩尔根</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1934年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E6%83%A0%E6%99%AE%E7%88%BE" title="喬治·惠普爾">惠普爾</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E9%82%81%E8%AB%BE%E7%89%B9" title="喬治·邁諾特">邁諾特</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E8%8F%B2" title="威廉·莫菲">莫菲</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1935年:<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E4%BD%A9%E6%9B%BC" title="漢斯·斯佩曼">斯佩曼</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1936年:<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E5%88%A9%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%88%B4%E5%B0%94" title="亨利·哈利特·戴尔">戴尔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E5%8B%92%E7%BB%B4" title="奥托·勒维">勒维</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1937年:<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%9C%A3%E6%8D%B7%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89" title="阿尔伯特·圣捷尔吉">圣捷尔吉</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1938年:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%AF%E5%A5%88%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%B5%B7%E9%97%A8%E6%96%AF" title="柯奈尔·海门斯">海门斯</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1939年:<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%93%88%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%A4%9A%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B" title="格哈德·多馬克">多馬克</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1943年:<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E9%81%94%E5%A7%86" title="亨里克·達姆">達姆</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E5%BE%B7%E8%8F%AF%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%BE%B7%E7%88%BE%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%A4%9A%E4%BC%8A%E8%A5%BF" title="愛德華·阿德爾伯特·多伊西">多伊西</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1944年:<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%8E%84%E7%88%BE%E8%98%AD%E6%A0%BC" title="約瑟夫·厄爾蘭格">厄爾蘭格</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E6%BD%98%E5%A1%9E%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E5%A1%9E" title="赫伯特·斯潘塞·加塞">加塞</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1945年:<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E8%8E%B1%E6%98%8E" title="亚历山大·弗莱明">弗莱明</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E4%BC%AF%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%9F%B4%E6%81%A9" title="恩斯特·伯利斯·柴恩">柴恩</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E8%8F%AF%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E9%87%8C%EF%BC%8C%E5%BC%97%E6%B4%9B%E9%87%8C%E7%94%B7%E7%88%B5" title="霍華德·弗洛里,弗洛里男爵">弗洛里</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1946年:<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E5%8B%92" title="赫尔曼·约瑟夫·马勒">馬勒</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1947年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%96%90%E8%BF%AA%E5%8D%97%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E9%87%8C" title="卡尔·斐迪南·科里">科里</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E8%92%82%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E9%87%8C" title="格蒂·科里">G·科里</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94%E7%BA%B3%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E8%B5%9B" title="贝尔纳多·奥赛">奥赛</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1948年:<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BE%85%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E7%88%BE%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E7%A9%86%E5%8B%92" title="保羅·赫爾曼·穆勒">穆勒</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1949年:<a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E9%B2%81%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E6%96%AF" title="瓦尔特·鲁道夫·赫斯">赫斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%9C%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E5%8A%A0%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E5%B0%BC%E6%96%AF" title="安东尼奥·埃加斯·莫尼斯">莫尼斯</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1950年:<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87%C2%B7%E8%82%AF%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94" title="爱德华·卡尔文·肯德尔">肯德尔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E5%BE%B7%E4%B9%8C%E4%BB%80%C2%B7%E8%B5%96%E5%B8%8C%E6%96%BD%E6%B3%B0%E5%9B%A0" title="塔德乌什·赖希施泰因">赖希施泰因</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%88%A9%E6%99%AE%C2%B7%E8%82%96%E7%93%A6%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E4%BA%A8%E5%A5%87" title="菲利普·肖瓦特·亨奇">亨奇</a></span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #d3d3d3; text-align: center;">1951年-1975年</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap">1951年:<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%B3%B0%E7%B4%AF%E5%B0%94" title="马克斯·泰累尔">泰累尔</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1952年:<a class="mw-selflink selflink">瓦克斯曼</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1953年:<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E9%9B%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF" title="汉斯·阿道夫·克雷布斯">克雷布斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E8%8C%A8%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E8%B4%9D%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%9D%8E%E6%99%AE%E6%9B%BC" title="弗里茨·阿尔贝特·李普曼">李普曼</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1954年:<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%AF%8C%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97%C2%B7%E6%81%A9%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%AF" title="约翰·富兰克林·恩德斯">恩德斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%9F%A6%E5%8B%92" title="托马斯·哈克尔·韦勒">韦勒</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%9F%A5%E6%99%AE%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E5%AE%BE%E6%96%AF" title="弗雷德里克·查普曼·罗宾斯">罗宾斯</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1955年:<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E6%88%88%C2%B7%E7%89%B9%E5%A5%A5%E9%9B%B7%E5%B0%94" title="胡戈·特奥雷尔">特奥雷尔</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1956年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E7%83%88%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E8%80%83%E5%8D%97%E5%BE%B7" title="安德烈·弗雷德里克·考南德">考南德</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E7%BA%B3%C2%B7%E7%A6%8F%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC" title="沃纳·福斯曼">福斯曼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%AA%E9%87%91%E6%A3%AE%C2%B7%E4%BC%8D%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%85%B9" title="迪金森·伍德拉夫·理查兹">理查兹</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1957年:<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E5%B0%BC%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%8D%9A%E9%9F%A6" title="达尼埃尔·博韦">博韦</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1958年:<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E9%9F%A6%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%AF%94%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94" title="乔治·韦尔斯·比德尔">比德尔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%C2%B7%E5%8A%B3%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E5%A1%94%E7%89%B9%E5%A7%86" title="爱德华·劳里·塔特姆">塔特姆</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E8%88%92%E4%BA%9A%C2%B7%E8%8E%B1%E5%BE%B7%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%BC" title="乔舒亚·莱德伯格">莱德伯格</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1959年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E9%9F%A6%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E4%B9%94%E4%BA%9A" title="塞韦罗·奥乔亚">奥乔亚</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%91%9F%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E6%81%A9%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%BC" title="阿瑟·科恩伯格">科恩伯格</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1960年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%C2%B7%E4%BC%AF%E5%86%85%E7%89%B9" title="弗兰克·麦克法兰·伯内特">伯内特</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E6%A2%85%E8%BE%BE%E6%B2%83" title="彼得·梅达沃">梅达沃</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1961年:<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E5%A5%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E5%87%AF%E5%B8%8C" title="格奥尔格·冯·贝凯希">贝凯希</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1962年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B" title="弗朗西斯·克里克">克里克</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%9D%9C%E5%A8%81%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E6%A3%AE" title="詹姆斯·杜威·沃森">沃森</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE%E9%87%91%E6%96%AF" title="莫里斯·威爾金斯">威尔金斯</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1963年:<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E9%B2%81%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF" title="约翰·卡鲁·埃克尔斯">埃克爾斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%80%AB%C2%B7%E5%8B%9E%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%A5%87%E9%87%91" title="艾倫·勞埃德·霍奇金">霍奇金</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E9%AD%AF%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E8%83%A5%E9%BB%8E" title="安德魯·赫胥黎">赫胥黎</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1964年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%B4%9B%E8%B5%AB" title="康拉德·布洛赫">布洛赫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E5%A5%A5%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%90%95%E5%AB%A9" title="费奥多尔·吕嫩">吕嫩</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1965年:<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E6%96%AF%E8%8F%AF%C2%B7%E8%B3%88%E5%85%8B%E6%9F%8F" title="方斯華·賈克柏">賈克柏</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E5%88%97%C2%B7%E5%88%A9%E6%B2%83%E5%A4%AB" title="安德列·利沃夫">利沃夫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%88%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E8%AB%BE" title="賈克·莫諾">莫諾</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1966年:<a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%B4%E9%A0%93%C2%B7%E5%8B%9E%E6%96%AF" title="裴頓·勞斯">勞斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E8%98%AD%E9%A0%93%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E9%87%91%E6%96%AF" title="查爾斯·布蘭頓·哈金斯">哈金斯</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1967年:<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%A0%BC%E7%B4%8D%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%BC%E7%89%B9" title="拉格納·格拉尼特">格拉尼特</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E7%88%BE%E7%99%BB%C2%B7%E5%87%B1%E5%BC%97%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E7%89%B9%E8%98%AD" title="霍爾登·凱弗·哈特蘭">哈特蘭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7" title="乔治·沃尔德">沃尔德</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1968年:<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7W%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%88%A9" title="羅伯特·W·霍利">霍利</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E8%91%9B%E8%B3%93%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E6%8B%89%E7%B4%8D" title="哈爾·葛賓·科拉納">科拉纳</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%AD%87%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%80%AB%C2%B7%E5%B0%BC%E5%80%AB%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%BC" title="馬歇爾·沃倫·尼倫伯格">尼伦伯格</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1969年:<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E7%88%BE%E5%B8%83%E5%91%82%E5%85%8B" title="馬克斯·德爾布呂克">德爾布呂克</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E5%B8%8C" title="阿弗雷德·赫希">赫希</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E7%88%BE%E7%93%A6%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E7%9B%A7%E7%91%9E%E4%BA%9E" title="薩爾瓦多·盧瑞亞">盧瑞亞</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1970年:<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E7%BA%B3%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E8%8C%A8" title="伯纳德·卡茨">卡茨</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%8C%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E4%BC%8A%E5%8B%92" title="乌尔夫·冯·奥伊勒">奥伊勒</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E5%88%A9%E5%8F%B6%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BD%97%E5%BE%B7" title="朱利叶斯·阿克塞尔罗德">阿克塞尔罗德</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1971年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%84%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE%E4%BC%AF%C2%B7%E8%96%A9%E7%91%9F%E8%98%AD" title="厄爾·威爾伯·薩瑟蘭">萨瑟兰</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1972年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%91%E6%8B%89%E7%88%BE%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E7%88%BE%E6%9B%BC" title="傑拉爾德·埃德爾曼">埃德爾曼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E7%89%B9" title="羅德尼·羅伯特·波特">波特</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1973年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%86%AF%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C" title="卡尔·冯·弗里希">弗里希</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%A6%E5%85%B9" title="康拉德·洛伦兹">洛伦兹</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%BB%B7%E8%B4%9D%E4%BA%A8" title="尼古拉斯·廷贝亨">廷贝亨</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1974年:<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E5%8B%9E%E5%BE%B7" title="阿爾伯特·克勞德">克勞德</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E5%AE%89%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%BF%AA%E5%A4%AB" title="克里斯蒂安·德·迪夫">迪夫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%B8%95%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7" title="喬治·埃米爾·帕拉德">帕拉德</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1975年:<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94%E7%9A%84%E6%91%A9" title="戴维·巴尔的摩">巴尔的摩</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E7%BA%B3%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E6%9D%9C%E5%B0%94%E8%B4%9D%E7%A7%91" title="罗纳托·杜尔贝科">杜尔贝科</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E5%8D%8E%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E7%89%B9%E6%98%8E" title="霍华德·马丁·特明">特明</a></span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #d3d3d3; text-align: center;">1976年-2000年</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap">1976年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%B2%81%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E7%BC%AA%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E9%9A%86%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%BC" title="巴鲁克·塞缪尔·布隆伯格">布隆伯格</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%E9%A1%BF%C2%B7%E7%9B%96%E6%9D%9C%E8%B0%A2%E5%85%8B" title="丹尼尔·卡尔顿·盖杜谢克">盖杜谢克</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1977年:<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%AD%87%C2%B7%E5%90%89%E8%80%B6%E6%9B%BC" title="罗歇·吉耶曼">吉耶曼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E9%B2%81%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E5%88%A9" title="安德鲁·沙利">沙利</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E8%8E%8E%E7%90%B3%C2%B7%E8%90%A8%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E8%80%B6%E6%B4%9B" title="罗莎琳·萨斯曼·耶洛">耶洛</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1978年:<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E7%B4%8D%C2%B7%E4%BA%9E%E4%BC%AF" title="沃納·亞伯">亞伯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E5%B0%BC%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E9%82%A3%E6%A3%AE%E6%96%AF" title="丹尼爾·那森斯">内森斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%BD%8C%E7%88%BE%E9%A0%93%C2%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%AF%86%E6%96%AF" title="漢彌爾頓·史密斯">史密斯</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1979年:<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%98%AD%C2%B7%E9%BA%A5%E5%85%8B%E8%90%8A%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B" title="阿蘭·麥克萊德·科馬克">科马克</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%C2%B7%E8%B1%AA%E6%96%AF%E8%B4%B9%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7" title="高弗雷·豪斯费尔德">豪斯费尔德</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1980年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%8C%B9%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E7%BA%B3%E5%A1%9E%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%AB" title="巴茹·贝纳塞拉夫">贝纳塞拉夫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A9%C2%B7%E5%A4%9A%E5%A1%9E" title="让·多塞">多塞</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%86%85%E5%B0%94" title="乔治·斯内尔">斯内尔</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1981年:<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%9D%B0%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E4%BD%A9%E9%87%8C" title="罗杰·斯佩里">斯佩里</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%A1%9B%C2%B7%E4%BC%91%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%BE" title="大衛·休伯爾">休伯爾</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E6%B3%BD%E5%B0%94" title="托斯坦·威泽尔">威泽尔</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1982年:<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%81%A9%C2%B7%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E9%BE%8D" title="蘇恩·伯格斯特龍">伯格斯特龍</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%96%A9%E7%A9%86%E5%9F%83%E7%88%BE%E6%9D%BE" title="本特·薩穆埃爾松">薩米爾松</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E8%8C%83%E6%81%A9" title="約翰·范恩">范恩</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1983年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97%E6%89%98%E5%85%8B" title="巴巴拉·麦克林托克">麦克林托克</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1984年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%9D%B0%E5%B0%BC" title="尼尔斯·杰尼">傑尼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E5%8B%92" title="乔治·克勒">克勒</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E8%90%A8%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="塞萨尔·米尔斯坦">米爾斯坦</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1985年:<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E5%8F%AF%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%96%E4%BA%9E%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%9C%97" title="麥可·斯圖亞特·布朗">布朗</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E9%87%8C%E6%AD%90%E7%B4%8D%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%88%88%E7%88%BE%E8%8C%A8%E5%9D%A6" title="約瑟夫·里歐納德·戈爾茨坦">戈爾茨坦</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1986年:<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E6%81%A9" title="斯坦利·科恩">科恩</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BD%E5%A1%94%C2%B7%E5%88%97%E7%BB%B4-%E8%92%99%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%94%E5%A5%87%E5%B0%BC" title="丽塔·列维-蒙塔尔奇尼">列维-蒙塔尔奇尼</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1987年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%A0%B9%E5%B7%9D%E9%80%B2" title="利根川進">利根川進</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1988年:<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E5%A3%AB%C2%B7W%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%8B%89%E5%85%8B" title="詹姆士·W·布拉克">布拉克</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E7%89%B9%E9%AD%AF%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7B%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E5%88%A9%E6%81%A9" title="格特魯德·B·埃利恩">埃利恩</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7H%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E6%AC%BD%E6%96%AF" title="喬治·H·希欽斯">希欽斯</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1989年:<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E9%AB%98%C2%B7%E7%95%A2%E6%9B%89%E6%99%AE" title="米高·畢曉普">毕晓普</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E7%BE%85%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E9%BB%98%E6%96%AF" title="哈羅德·瓦默斯">瓦慕斯</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1990年:<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E9%BB%98%E9%87%8C" title="约瑟夫·默里">默里</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E7%BA%B3%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF" title="唐纳尔·托马斯">托马斯</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1991年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%84%E6%BA%AB%C2%B7%E5%85%A7%E7%88%BE" title="厄溫·內爾">內爾</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%E6%9B%BC" title="伯特·薩克曼">薩克曼</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1992年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E8%92%99%C2%B7%E8%B4%B9%E5%B8%8C%E5%B0%94" title="埃德蒙·费希尔">费希尔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E6%B8%A9%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E9%9B%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF" title="埃德温·克雷布斯">克雷布斯</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1993年:<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E5%AF%9F%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%E8%8C%A8" title="理察·羅伯茨">羅伯茨</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%88%A9%E6%99%AE%C2%B7%E5%A4%8F%E6%99%AE" title="菲利普·夏普">夏普</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1994年:<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E7%88%BE%E4%BD%9B%E5%88%97%C2%B7%E5%8F%A4%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E5%90%89%E7%88%BE%E6%9B%BC" title="艾爾佛列·古曼·吉爾曼">吉爾曼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E5%BE%B7%E8%B2%9D%E7%88%BE" title="馬丁·羅德貝爾">羅德貝爾</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1995年:<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E5%BE%B7%E8%8F%AF%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E8%8C%A8%C2%B7%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF" title="愛德華·巴茨·路易斯">路易斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%B1%80%C2%B7%E7%B4%90%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97-%E6%B2%83%E7%88%BE%E5%93%88%E5%BE%B7" title="克里斯汀·紐斯林-沃爾哈德">纽斯林-沃尔哈德</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E7%91%9E%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E6%96%AF%E5%96%AC%E6%96%AF" title="艾瑞克·威斯喬斯">威斯喬斯</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1996年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E6%9D%9C%E8%B5%AB%E6%8F%90" title="彼得·杜赫提">杜赫提</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E8%BE%9B%E5%85%8B%E7%B4%8D%E5%90%89" title="羅夫·辛克納吉">辛克納吉</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1997年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E5%9D%A6%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E9%AD%AF%E5%B8%8C%E7%B4%8D" title="史坦利·布魯希納">布魯希納</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1998年:<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%C2%B7%E4%BD%9B%E5%A5%91%E5%93%A5%E7%89%B9" title="羅伯·佛契哥特">佛契哥特</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E6%A0%BC%E7%BA%B3%E7%BD%97" title="路易斯·伊格纳罗">伊格纳罗</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%BB%E7%91%9E%C2%B7%E6%85%95%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7" title="費瑞·慕拉德">慕拉德</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">1999年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%BE" title="古特·布洛伯爾">布洛伯爾</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2000年:<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E7%BB%B4%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%E6%A3%AE" title="阿尔维德·卡尔森">卡爾森</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E6%9E%97%E5%8A%A0%E5%BE%B7" title="保罗·格林加德">格林加德</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%9D%8E%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94" title="埃里克·坎德尔">坎德爾</a></span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #d3d3d3; text-align: center;">2001年-至今</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><div> <p><span class="nowrap">2001年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%85%B0%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E7%89%B9%E9%9F%A6%E5%B0%94" title="利兰·哈特韦尔">哈特韦尔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%82%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E4%BA%A8%E7%89%B9" title="蒂姆·亨特">亨特</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%AF" title="保罗·纳斯">纳斯</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2002年:<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E4%BC%A6%E7%BA%B3" title="西德尼·布伦纳">布伦纳</a>、<a href="/wiki/H%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E7%BB%B4%E8%8C%A8" title="H·罗伯特·霍维茨">霍维茨</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E8%8B%8F%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E9%A1%BF" title="约翰·苏尔斯顿">苏尔斯顿</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2003年:<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E5%8A%B3%E7%89%B9%E4%BC%AF" title="保罗·劳特伯">劳特伯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%AF%E8%8F%B2%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7" title="彼得·曼斯菲尔德">曼斯菲尔德</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2004年:<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%85%8B%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94" title="理查德·阿克塞尔">阿克塞尔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%B3%E8%BE%BE%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E5%85%8B" title="琳达·巴克">巴克</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2005年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E6%AD%87%E5%B0%94" title="巴里·马歇尔">馬歇爾</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E5%AE%BE%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E4%BC%A6" title="罗宾·沃伦">沃倫</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2006年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E9%B2%81%C2%B7%E6%B3%95%E5%8E%84" title="安德鲁·法厄">法厄</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%9B%B7%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E6%A2%85%E6%B4%9B" title="克雷格·梅洛">梅洛</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2007年:<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E4%BD%A9%E5%A5%87" title="马里奥·卡佩奇">卡佩奇</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E6%96%87%E6%96%AF" title="马丁·埃文斯">埃文斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%88%A9%E5%BC%97%C2%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%AF%86%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF" title="奥利弗·史密西斯">史密西斯</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2008年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%A5%9A%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%B1%AA%E6%A3%AE" title="哈拉尔德·楚尔·豪森">豪森</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E7%B4%A2%E7%93%A6%E4%B8%9D%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E5%B0%94-%E8%A5%BF%E8%AF%BA%E8%A5%BF" title="弗朗索瓦丝·巴尔-西诺西">巴尔-西诺西</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%95%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E8%92%99%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E8%80%B6" title="吕克·蒙塔尼耶">蒙塔尼耶</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2009年:<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E4%B8%BD%E8%8E%8E%E7%99%BD%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E8%8E%B1%E5%85%8B%E6%9C%AC" title="伊丽莎白·布莱克本">布莱克本</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%BD%97%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7" title="卡罗尔·格雷德">格雷德</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B0%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%BB%8D%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%85%8B" title="杰克·绍斯塔克">绍斯塔克</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2010年:<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%E5%85%B9" title="罗伯特·爱德华兹">爱德华兹</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2011年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8D%9A%E4%BC%8A%E7%89%B9%E5%8B%92" title="布鲁斯·博伊特勒">博伊特勒</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%B1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7A%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%A4%AB%E6%9B%BC" title="朱尔·A·奥夫曼">奥夫曼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E6%9B%BC" title="拉尔夫·斯坦曼">斯坦曼</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2012年:<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E7%99%BB" title="约翰·格登">格登</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%AD%E4%BC%B8%E5%BD%8C" title="山中伸彌">山中伸彌</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2013年:<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E6%80%9D%E6%9B%BC" title="詹姆斯·罗思曼">罗思曼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B0%E8%BF%AA%C2%B7%E8%B0%A2%E5%85%8B%E6%9B%BC" title="兰迪·谢克曼">谢克曼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%81%9A%E5%BE%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%A4%AB" title="托马斯·聚德霍夫">聚德霍夫</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2014年:<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E5%9F%BA%E5%A4%AB" title="约翰·奥基夫">奥基夫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%88-%E5%B8%83%E9%87%8C%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E6%B3%BD" title="迈-布里特·莫泽">莫泽夫人</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%8D%8E%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E6%B3%BD" title="爱德华·莫泽">莫泽</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2015年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E8%A5%BF%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%9D%8E%E8%B4%9D%E5%B0%94" title="威廉·塞西尔·坎贝尔">坎贝尔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%9D%91%E6%99%BA" title="大村智">大村智</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%A0%E5%91%A6%E5%91%A6" title="屠呦呦">屠呦呦</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2016年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9A%85%E8%89%AF%E5%85%B8" title="大隅良典">大隅良典</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2017年:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B0%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%B0%94" title="杰弗里·霍尔">霍爾</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%88%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%B4%E4%BB%80" title="迈克尔·罗斯巴什">羅斯巴什</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%88%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%89%AC_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6)" title="迈克尔·扬 (生物学家)">揚</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2018年:<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%89%BE%E5%88%A9%E6%A3%AE" title="詹姆斯·艾利森">艾利森</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E5%BA%B6%E4%BD%91" title="本庶佑">本庶佑</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2019年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%87%AF%E6%9E%97" title="威廉·凯林">凱林</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9%E5%85%8B%E5%88%A9%E5%A4%AB" title="彼得·拉特克利夫">拉特克利夫</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%9B%B7%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E9%97%A8%E6%89%8E" title="格雷格·塞门扎">塞門扎</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2020年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E7%BB%B4%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9" title="哈维·阿尔特">奥尔特</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%88%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E9%A1%BF" title="迈克尔·霍顿">霍顿</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7M%C2%B7%E8%B5%96%E6%96%AF" title="查尔斯·M·赖斯">赖斯</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2021年:<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4%C2%B7%E6%9C%B1%E5%88%A9%E5%8F%B6%E6%96%AF" title="戴维·朱利叶斯">朱利葉斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%99%BB%C2%B7%E5%B8%95%E5%A1%94%E6%99%AE%E8%92%82%E5%AE%89" title="阿登·帕塔普蒂安">帕塔普蒂安</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2022年:<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E4%B8%87%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E4%BD%A9%E5%8D%9A" title="斯万特·佩博">佩博</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2023年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%A1%94%E6%9E%97%C2%B7%E8%80%83%E9%87%8C%E7%A7%91" title="卡塔林·考里科">考里科</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E9%B2%81%C2%B7%E9%9F%A6%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC" title="德鲁·韦斯曼">韦斯曼</a> / </span> <span class="nowrap">2024年:<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%85%8B%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E5%AE%89%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="维克托·安布罗斯">安布罗斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E9%B2%81%E5%A4%AB%E6%98%86" title="加里·鲁夫昆">鲁夫昆</a></span> </p> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #d3d3d3;"><div>注:年份不一定是實際獲獎時間,1914年、1922年、1926年、1938年、1943年的獎項都延後一年頒發。</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="列文虎克奖章获得者" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%88%97%E6%96%87%E8%99%8E%E5%85%8B%E5%A5%96%E7%AB%A0%E8%8E%B7%E5%BE%97%E8%80%85" title="Template:列文虎克奖章获得者"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E5%88%97%E6%96%87%E8%99%8E%E5%85%8B%E5%A5%96%E7%AB%A0%E8%8E%B7%E5%BE%97%E8%80%85&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:列文虎克奖章获得者(页面不存在)"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%88%97%E6%96%87%E8%99%8E%E5%85%8B%E5%A5%96%E7%AB%A0%E8%8E%B7%E5%BE%97%E8%80%85" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:列文虎克奖章获得者"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="列文虎克奖章获得者" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%97%E6%96%87%E8%99%8E%E5%85%8B%E5%A5%96%E7%AB%A0" title="列文虎克奖章">列文虎克奖章</a>获得者</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px;"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="width:5em;">&#160;&#160;&#160;</td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;;;;width:25%;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1877年</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%B1%80%C2%B7%E6%88%88%E7%89%B9%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E5%80%AB%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%BC" title="克里斯汀·戈特弗里德·埃倫伯格">克里斯汀·戈特弗里德·埃伦伯格</a><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1885年</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E8%BF%AA%E5%8D%97%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E6%81%A9" title="费迪南德·科恩">费迪南德·科恩</a><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1895年</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF%E5%BE%B7" title="路易·巴斯德">路易·巴斯德</a><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1905年</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%81%E5%8A%AA%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E6%8B%9C%E8%80%B6%E6%9E%97%E5%85%8B" title="马丁努斯·威廉·拜耶林克">马丁努斯·威廉·拜耶林克</a><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%B7%E5%85%B0" title="荷兰">荷蘭</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:25%;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1915年</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E6%96%AF" title="戴维·布鲁斯">戴维·布鲁斯</a><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281-2%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="英国">英国</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1925年</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E5%88%A9%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%9B%B7%E5%8B%92" title="费利克斯·德雷勒">费利克斯·德雷勒</a><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7" title="加拿大">加拿大</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1935年</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B0%A2%E5%B0%94%E7%9B%96%C2%B7%E5%B0%BC%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%E8%80%B6%E7%BB%B4%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E7%BB%B4%E8%AF%BA%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E8%8C%A8%E5%9F%BA" title="谢尔盖·尼古拉耶维奇·维诺格拉茨基">谢尔盖·尼古拉耶维奇·维诺格拉茨基</a><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950年</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">赛尔曼·瓦克斯曼</a><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:25%;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960年</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E5%88%97%C2%B7%E5%88%A9%E6%B2%83%E5%A4%AB" title="安德列·利沃夫">安德列·利沃夫</a><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970年</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/C%C2%B7B%C2%B7%E5%87%A1%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94" title="C·B·凡尼尔">C·B·凡尼尔</a><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1981年</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%9D%B0%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94" title="罗杰·斯塔尼尔">罗杰·斯塔尼尔</a><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="法國">法國</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1992年</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF" title="卡尔·乌斯">卡尔·乌斯</a><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;;;;width:25%;"><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2003年</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%96%BD%E6%B3%B0%E7%89%B9%E5%B0%94" title="卡尔·施泰特尔">卡尔·施泰特尔</a><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="德国">德国</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2015年</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E8%90%8A%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E5%87%A1%E7%89%B9" title="克萊格·凡特">克雷格·文特尔</a><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2023年</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%89%E8%8E%89%E5%AE%89%C2%B7%E7%8F%AD%E8%8F%B2%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7" title="吉莉安·班菲尔德">吉莉安·班菲尔德</a><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B3%E5%A4%A7%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A" title="澳大利亚">澳大利亞</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="阿尔伯特·拉斯克基础医学研究奖获得者" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a 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style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B%E5%9F%BA%E7%A4%8E%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E7%8D%8E" title="拉斯克基礎醫學研究獎">阿尔伯特·拉斯克基础医学研究奖</a>获得者</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1940年代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1946年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%96%90%E8%BF%AA%E5%8D%97%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E9%87%8C" title="卡尔·斐迪南·科里">卡尔·斐迪南·科里</a></li> <li>1947年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C" title="奥斯瓦尔德·埃弗里">奥斯瓦尔德·埃弗里</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF" title="小托马斯·弗兰西斯">小托马斯·弗兰西斯</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="荷馬·史密斯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Homer W. Smith"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8D%B7%E9%A6%AC%C2%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%AF%86%E6%96%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="荷馬·史密斯(页面不存在)">荷馬·史密斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homer_W._Smith" class="extiw" title="en:Homer W. Smith"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Homer W. Smith</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li>1948年:<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E6%A3%AE%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%BF%AA%E7%BB%B4%E5%B0%BC%E5%A5%A5" title="文森特·迪维尼奥">文森特·迪维尼奥</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">赛尔曼·瓦克斯曼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E5%86%85%C2%B7%E6%9D%9C%E5%8D%9A%E6%96%AF" title="勒内·杜博斯">勒内·杜博斯</a></li> <li>1949年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E7%83%88%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E8%80%83%E5%8D%97%E5%BE%B7" title="安德烈·弗雷德里克·考南德">安德烈·弗雷德里克·考南德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7S%C2%B7%E8%92%82%E5%88%A9%E7%89%B9" title="威廉·S·蒂利特">威廉·S·蒂利特</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="L. Royal Christensen" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="L. Royal Christensen"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L._Royal_Christensen&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="L. Royal Christensen(页面不存在)">L. Royal Christensen</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L._Royal_Christensen" class="extiw" title="en:L. Royal Christensen"><span lang="en" dir="auto">L. Royal Christensen</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1950年代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1950年:<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E9%9F%A6%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%AF%94%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94" title="乔治·韦尔斯·比德尔">喬治·韋爾斯·比德爾</a></li> <li>1951年:<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="卡爾·梅耶" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Karl Friedrich Meyer"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E6%A2%85%E8%80%B6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="卡爾·梅耶(页面不存在)">卡爾·梅耶</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Friedrich_Meyer" class="extiw" title="en:Karl Friedrich Meyer"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Karl Friedrich Meyer</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li>1952年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%B3%95%E5%85%B0%C2%B7%E4%BC%AF%E5%86%85%E7%89%B9" title="弗兰克·麦克法兰·伯内特">弗兰克·麦克法兰·伯内特</a></li> <li>1953年:<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E9%9B%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF" title="汉斯·阿道夫·克雷布斯">汉斯·阿道夫·克雷布斯</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="邁克爾·海德堡" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Michael Heidelberger"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%82%81%E5%85%8B%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E6%B5%B7%E5%BE%B7%E5%A0%A1&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="邁克爾·海德堡(页面不存在)">邁克爾·海德堡</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Heidelberger" class="extiw" title="en:Michael Heidelberger"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Michael Heidelberger</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E9%9F%A6%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%AF%94%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94" title="乔治·韦尔斯·比德尔">乔治·韦尔斯·比德尔</a></li> <li>1954年:<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="艾德溫·B.阿斯特伍德" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Edwin B. Astwood"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%89%BE%E5%BE%B7%E6%BA%AB%C2%B7B.%E9%98%BF%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E4%BC%8D%E5%BE%B7&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="艾德溫·B.阿斯特伍德(页面不存在)">艾德溫·B.阿斯特伍德</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_B._Astwood" class="extiw" title="en:Edwin B. Astwood"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Edwin B. Astwood</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E5%AF%8C%E5%85%B0%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97%C2%B7%E6%81%A9%E5%BE%B7%E6%96%AF" title="约翰·富兰克林·恩德斯">约翰·富兰克林·恩德斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%B0%94%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%9C%A3%E6%8D%B7%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89" title="阿尔伯特·圣捷尔吉">阿尔伯特·圣捷尔吉</a></li> <li>1955年:<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="卡爾·保羅·林克" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Karl Paul Link"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E4%BF%9D%E7%BE%85%C2%B7%E6%9E%97%E5%85%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="卡爾·保羅·林克(页面不存在)">卡爾·保羅·林克</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Paul_Link" class="extiw" title="en:Karl Paul Link"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Karl Paul Link</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="卡爾·J·威格斯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Carl J. Wiggers"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE%C2%B7J%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="卡爾·J·威格斯(页面不存在)">卡爾·J·威格斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_J._Wiggers" class="extiw" title="en:Carl J. Wiggers"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Carl J. Wiggers</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li>1956年:<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="卡爾·佛德里克·梅耶" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Karl Meyer (biochemist)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E4%BD%9B%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%A2%85%E8%80%B6&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="卡爾·佛德里克·梅耶(页面不存在)">卡爾·佛德里克·梅耶</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Meyer_(biochemist)" class="extiw" title="en:Karl Meyer (biochemist)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Karl Meyer (biochemist)</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="弗朗西斯·O·施密特" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Francis O. Schmitt"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%C2%B7O%C2%B7%E6%96%BD%E5%AF%86%E7%89%B9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="弗朗西斯·O·施密特(页面不存在)">弗朗西斯·O·施密特</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_O._Schmitt" class="extiw" title="en:Francis O. Schmitt"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Francis O. Schmitt</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li>1957年:<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="艾薩克·斯塔爾" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Isaac Starr"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%89%BE%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E7%88%BE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="艾薩克·斯塔爾(页面不存在)">艾薩克·斯塔爾</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Starr" class="extiw" title="en:Isaac Starr"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Isaac Starr</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li>1958年:<a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%B4%E9%A0%93%C2%B7%E5%8B%9E%E6%96%AF" title="裴頓·勞斯">裴頓·勞斯</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西奧多·帕克" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Theodore Puck"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%A5%A7%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E5%B8%95%E5%85%8B&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="西奧多·帕克(页面不存在)">西奧多·帕克</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Puck" class="extiw" title="en:Theodore Puck"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Theodore Puck</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E5%B8%8C" title="阿弗雷德·赫希">阿弗雷德·赫希</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="格爾哈德·舒拉姆" data-lang-code="de" data-lang-name="德语" data-foreign-title="Gerhard Schramm (Biochemiker)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A0%BC%E7%88%BE%E5%93%88%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%88%92%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="格爾哈德·舒拉姆(页面不存在)">格爾哈德·舒拉姆</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">德语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhard_Schramm_(Biochemiker)" class="extiw" title="de:Gerhard Schramm (Biochemiker)"><span lang="de" dir="auto">Gerhard Schramm (Biochemiker)</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="海因茨·弗倫克爾·康拉特" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B5%B7%E5%9B%A0%E8%8C%A8%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E5%80%AB%E5%85%8B%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%BA%B7%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="海因茨·弗倫克爾·康拉特(页面不存在)">海因茨·弗倫克爾·康拉特</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinz_Fraenkel-Conrat" class="extiw" title="en:Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="歐文·佩吉" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Irvine Page"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AD%90%E6%96%87%C2%B7%E4%BD%A9%E5%90%89&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="歐文·佩吉(页面不存在)">歐文·佩吉</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irvine_Page" class="extiw" title="en:Irvine Page"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Irvine Page</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li>1959年:<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="阿爾伯特·科斯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Albert Coons"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E6%96%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="阿爾伯特·科斯(页面不存在)">阿爾伯特·科斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Coons" class="extiw" title="en:Albert Coons"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Albert Coons</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="茱莉絲·佛瑞德" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Jules T. Freund"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8C%B1%E8%8E%89%E7%B5%B2%C2%B7%E4%BD%9B%E7%91%9E%E5%BE%B7&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="茱莉絲·佛瑞德(页面不存在)">茱莉絲·佛瑞德</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_T._Freund" class="extiw" title="en:Jules T. Freund"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Jules T. Freund</span></a></span>)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1960年代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1960年:<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE%E9%87%91%E6%96%AF" title="莫里斯·威爾金斯">莫里斯·威爾金斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B" title="弗朗西斯·克里克">弗朗西斯·克里克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%9D%9C%E5%A8%81%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E6%A3%AE" title="詹姆斯·杜威·沃森">詹姆斯·杜威·沃森</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="詹姆斯·V·尼爾" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="James V. Neel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7V%C2%B7%E5%B0%BC%E7%88%BE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="詹姆斯·V·尼爾(页面不存在)">詹姆斯·V·尼爾</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_V._Neel" class="extiw" title="en:James V. Neel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">James V. Neel</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E6%98%82%E5%86%85%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%BD%AD%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="莱昂内尔·彭罗斯">萊昂內爾·彭羅斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%A9%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E9%B2%81%E6%96%AF%E5%8D%A1" title="恩斯特·鲁斯卡">恩斯特·魯斯卡</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="詹姆斯·希利爾" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="James Hillier"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E5%88%A9%E7%88%BE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="詹姆斯·希利爾(页面不存在)">詹姆斯·希利爾</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hillier" class="extiw" title="en:James Hillier"><span lang="en" dir="auto">James Hillier</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li>1962年:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%8D%93%E7%9A%93" title="李卓皓">李卓皓</a></li> <li>1963年:<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="勒曼·卡瑞格" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lyman C. Craig"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8B%92%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E7%91%9E%E6%A0%BC&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="勒曼·卡瑞格(页面不存在)">勒曼·卡瑞格</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyman_C._Craig" class="extiw" title="en:Lyman C. Craig"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lyman C. Craig</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li>1964年:<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E7%BA%B3%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E6%9D%9C%E5%B0%94%E8%B4%9D%E7%A7%91" title="罗纳托·杜尔贝科">罗纳托·杜尔贝科</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="哈利·魯賓" data-lang-code="de" data-lang-name="德语" data-foreign-title="Harry Rubin"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E9%AD%AF%E8%B3%93&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="哈利·魯賓(页面不存在)">哈利·魯賓</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">德语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Rubin" class="extiw" title="de:Harry Rubin"><span lang="de" dir="auto">Harry Rubin</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li>1965年:<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7W%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%88%A9" title="羅伯特·W·霍利">羅伯特·W·霍利</a></li> <li>1966年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AC%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%B8%95%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7" title="喬治·埃米爾·帕拉德">喬治·埃米爾·帕拉德</a></li> <li>1967年:<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E7%BA%B3%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E8%BF%AA_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6)" title="伯纳德·布罗迪 (生物化学家)">伯纳德·布罗迪</a></li> <li>1968年:<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%AD%87%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E6%B2%83%E5%80%AB%C2%B7%E5%B0%BC%E5%80%AB%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%BC" title="馬歇爾·沃倫·尼倫伯格">馬歇爾·沃倫·尼倫伯格</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E8%91%9B%E8%B3%93%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E6%8B%89%E7%B4%8D" title="哈爾·葛賓·科拉納">哈爾·葛賓·科拉納</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="威廉斯·溫德" data-lang-code="de" data-lang-name="德语" data-foreign-title="William F. Windle"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%BA%AB%E5%BE%B7&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="威廉斯·溫德(页面不存在)">威廉斯·溫德</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">德语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_F._Windle" class="extiw" title="de:William F. Windle"><span lang="de" dir="auto">William F. Windle</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li>1969年:<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%A2%85%E9%87%8C%E8%8F%B2%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7" title="罗伯特·布鲁斯·梅里菲尔德">羅伯特·布魯斯·梅里菲爾德</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970年代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1970年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%84%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E7%88%BE%E4%BC%AF%C2%B7%E8%96%A9%E7%91%9F%E8%98%AD" title="厄爾·威爾伯·薩瑟蘭">厄爾·威爾伯·薩瑟蘭</a></li> <li>1971年:<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%91%A9%C2%B7%E6%9C%AC%E6%B3%BD" title="西摩·本泽">西摩·本泽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E4%BC%A6%E7%BA%B3" title="西德尼·布伦纳">西德尼·布伦纳</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="查爾斯·楊諾夫斯基" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Charles Yanofsky"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9F%A5%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%A5%8A%E8%AB%BE%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="查爾斯·楊諾夫斯基(页面不存在)">查爾斯·楊諾夫斯基</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Yanofsky" class="extiw" title="en:Charles Yanofsky"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Charles Yanofsky</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li>1974年:<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="盧德維克·格羅斯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ludwik Gross"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%A7%E5%BE%B7%E7%B6%AD%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="盧德維克·格羅斯(页面不存在)">盧德維克·格羅斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwik_Gross" class="extiw" title="en:Ludwik Gross"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ludwik Gross</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="哈沃德·史奇普" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Howard E. Skipper"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%93%88%E6%B2%83%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%A5%87%E6%99%AE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="哈沃德·史奇普(页面不存在)">哈沃德·史奇普</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_E._Skipper" class="extiw" title="en:Howard E. Skipper"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Howard E. Skipper</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E7%9A%AE%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94%E6%9B%BC" title="索尔·斯皮格尔曼">索尔·斯皮格尔曼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E5%8D%8E%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E7%89%B9%E6%98%8E" title="霍华德·马丁·特明">霍华德·马丁·特明</a></li> <li>1975年:<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%AD%87%C2%B7%E5%90%89%E8%80%B6%E6%9B%BC" title="罗歇·吉耶曼">罗歇·吉耶曼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%BE%B7%E9%B2%81%C2%B7%E6%B2%99%E5%88%A9" title="安德鲁·沙利">安德魯·沙利</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="弗蘭克·J·狄克遜" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Frank J. Dixon"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%97%E8%98%AD%E5%85%8B%C2%B7J%C2%B7%E7%8B%84%E5%85%8B%E9%81%9C&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="弗蘭克·J·狄克遜(页面不存在)">弗蘭克·J·狄克遜</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_J._Dixon" class="extiw" title="en:Frank J. Dixon"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Frank J. Dixon</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亨利·庫凱爾" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Henry Kunkel"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E5%BA%AB%E5%87%B1%E7%88%BE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="亨利·庫凱爾(页面不存在)">亨利·庫凱爾</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Kunkel" class="extiw" title="en:Henry Kunkel"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Henry Kunkel</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li>1976年:<a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E8%8E%8E%E7%90%B3%C2%B7%E8%90%A8%E6%96%AF%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E8%80%B6%E6%B4%9B" title="罗莎琳·萨斯曼·耶洛">罗莎琳·萨斯曼·耶洛</a></li> <li>1977年:<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%81%A9%C2%B7%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E9%BE%8D" title="蘇恩·伯格斯特龍">蘇恩·伯格斯特龍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E8%96%A9%E7%A9%86%E5%9F%83%E7%88%BE%E6%9D%BE" title="本特·薩穆埃爾松">本格特·薩米爾松</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E8%8C%83%E6%81%A9" title="約翰·范恩">約翰·范恩</a></li> <li>1978年:<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="漢斯·科斯特利茨" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Hans Kosterlitz"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A9%E8%8C%A8&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="漢斯·科斯特利茨(页面不存在)">漢斯·科斯特利茨</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Kosterlitz" class="extiw" title="en:Hans Kosterlitz"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Hans Kosterlitz</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="約翰·休格斯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="John Hughes (neuroscientist)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%B4%84%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E4%BC%91%E6%A0%BC%E6%96%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="約翰·休格斯(页面不存在)">約翰·休格斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hughes_(neuroscientist)" class="extiw" title="en:John Hughes (neuroscientist)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">John Hughes (neuroscientist)</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%80%E7%BD%97%E9%97%A8%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%A5%88%E5%BE%B7" title="所罗门·斯奈德">所罗门·斯奈德</a></li> <li>1979年:<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%83%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%90%89%E7%88%BE%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9" title="沃特·吉爾伯特">沃特·吉爾伯特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%A1%91%E6%A0%BC" title="弗雷德里克·桑格">弗雷德里克·桑格</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E6%9D%B0%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E4%BD%A9%E9%87%8C" title="罗杰·斯佩里">罗杰·斯佩里</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980年代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1980年:<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BE%85%C2%B7%E4%BC%AF%E6%A0%BC" title="保羅·伯格">保羅·伯格</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%8D%9A%E8%80%B6" title="赫伯特·博耶">赫伯特·博耶</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E8%AF%BA%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E6%81%A9" title="斯坦利·诺曼·科恩">斯坦利·诺曼·科恩</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="A. Dale Kaiser" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="A. Dale Kaiser"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=A._Dale_Kaiser&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="A. Dale Kaiser(页面不存在)">A. Dale Kaiser</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._Dale_Kaiser" class="extiw" title="en:A. Dale Kaiser"><span lang="en" dir="auto">A. Dale Kaiser</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li>1981年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%B7%B4%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E9%BA%A6%E5%85%8B%E6%9E%97%E6%89%98%E5%85%8B" title="巴巴拉·麦克林托克">巴巴拉·麦克林托克</a></li> <li>1982年:<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E9%AB%98%C2%B7%E7%95%A2%E6%9B%89%E6%99%AE" title="米高·畢曉普">米高·畢曉普</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="雷蒙德·艾瑞森" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Raymond L. Erikson"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%B7%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%89%BE%E7%91%9E%E6%A3%AE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="雷蒙德·艾瑞森(页面不存在)">雷蒙德·艾瑞森</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_L._Erikson" class="extiw" title="en:Raymond L. Erikson"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Raymond L. Erikson</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%B1%E6%88%BF%E7%A7%80%E4%B8%89%E9%83%8E" title="花房秀三郎">花房秀三郎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E7%BE%85%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E9%BB%98%E6%96%AF" title="哈羅德·瓦默斯">哈羅德·瓦慕斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E6%9F%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%8A%A0%E6%B4%9B" title="罗伯特·查尔斯·加洛">罗伯特·查尔斯·加洛</a></li> <li>1983年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%9D%8E%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94" title="埃里克·坎德尔">埃里克·坎德爾</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="弗農·蒙卡斯爾" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Vernon Benjamin Mountcastle"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BC%97%E8%BE%B2%C2%B7%E8%92%99%E5%8D%A1%E6%96%AF%E7%88%BE&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="弗農·蒙卡斯爾(页面不存在)">弗農·蒙卡斯爾</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vernon_Benjamin_Mountcastle" class="extiw" title="en:Vernon Benjamin Mountcastle"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Vernon Benjamin Mountcastle</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li>1984年:<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="麥克·波特" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Michael Potter (immunologist)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%BA%A5%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%B3%A2%E7%89%B9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="麥克·波特(页面不存在)">麥克·波特</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Potter_(immunologist)" class="extiw" title="en:Michael Potter (immunologist)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Michael Potter (immunologist)</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%94%E6%B2%BB%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E5%8B%92" title="乔治·克勒">喬治斯·克勒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E8%90%A8%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="塞萨尔·米尔斯坦">塞萨尔·米尔斯坦</a></li> <li>1985年:<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E5%8F%AF%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%96%E4%BA%9E%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%9C%97" title="麥可·斯圖亞特·布朗">麥可·斯圖亞特·布朗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%84%E7%91%9F%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E9%87%8C%E6%AD%90%E7%B4%8D%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E6%88%88%E7%88%BE%E8%8C%A8%E5%9D%A6" title="約瑟夫·里歐納德·戈爾茨坦">約瑟夫·里歐納德·戈爾茨坦</a></li> <li>1986年:<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%BD%E5%A1%94%C2%B7%E5%88%97%E7%BB%B4-%E8%92%99%E5%A1%94%E5%B0%94%E5%A5%87%E5%B0%BC" title="丽塔·列维-蒙塔尔奇尼">麗塔·列維-蒙塔爾奇尼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E6%81%A9" title="斯坦利·科恩">斯坦利·科恩</a></li> <li>1987年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%8A%C2%B7%E8%83%A1%E5%BE%B7" title="勒罗伊·胡德">勒罗伊·胡德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%88%A9%E6%99%AE%C2%B7%E8%8E%B1%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94" title="菲利普·莱德尔">菲利普·莱德尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E6%A0%B9%E5%B7%9D%E9%80%B2" title="利根川進">利根川進</a></li> <li>1988年:<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%88%87%E8%B5%AB" title="托马斯·切赫">托馬斯·切赫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8F%B2%E5%88%A9%E6%99%AE%C2%B7%E5%A4%8F%E6%99%AE" title="菲利普·夏普">菲利普·夏普</a></li> <li>1989年:<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%88%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%87" title="迈克尔·贝里奇">迈克尔·贝里奇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E7%88%BE%E4%BD%9B%E5%88%97%C2%B7%E5%8F%A4%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E5%90%89%E7%88%BE%E6%9B%BC" title="艾爾佛列·古曼·吉爾曼">艾爾佛列·古曼·吉爾曼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E6%B8%A9%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E9%9B%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%96%AF" title="埃德温·克雷布斯">埃德溫·克雷布斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A1%9A%E6%B3%B0%E7%BE%8E" title="西塚泰美">西塚泰美</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990年代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>1991年:<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E5%BE%B7%E8%8F%AF%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E8%8C%A8%C2%B7%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF" title="愛德華·巴茨·路易斯">愛德華·巴茨·路易斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E6%B1%80%C2%B7%E7%B4%90%E6%96%AF%E6%9E%97-%E6%B2%83%E7%88%BE%E5%93%88%E5%BE%B7" title="克里斯汀·紐斯林-沃爾哈德">克里斯汀·紐斯林-沃爾哈德</a></li> <li>1993年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E6%B4%9B%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%BE" title="古特·布洛伯爾">古特·布洛伯爾</a></li> <li>1994年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E5%9D%A6%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E9%AD%AF%E5%B8%8C%E7%B4%8D" title="史坦利·布魯希納">史坦利·布魯希納</a></li> <li>1995年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E6%9D%9C%E8%B5%AB%E6%8F%90" title="彼得·杜赫提">彼得·杜赫提</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B0%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%96%BD%E7%89%B9%E7%BD%97%E6%98%8E%E6%A0%BC" title="杰克·施特罗明格">杰克·施特罗明格</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="埃米爾·R.烏納努埃" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Emil R. Unanue"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9F%83%E7%B1%B3%E7%88%BE%C2%B7R.%E7%83%8F%E7%B4%8D%E5%8A%AA%E5%9F%83&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="埃米爾·R.烏納努埃(页面不存在)">埃米爾·R.烏納努埃</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil_R._Unanue" class="extiw" title="en:Emil R. Unanue"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Emil R. Unanue</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="唐克·雷格·威利" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Don Craig Wiley"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%94%90%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E9%9B%B7%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%88%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="唐克·雷格·威利(页面不存在)">唐克·雷格·威利</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Craig_Wiley" class="extiw" title="en:Don Craig Wiley"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Don Craig Wiley</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E8%BE%9B%E5%85%8B%E7%B4%8D%E5%90%89" title="羅夫·辛克納吉">羅夫·辛克納吉</a></li> <li>1996年:<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%C2%B7%E4%BD%9B%E5%A5%91%E5%93%A5%E7%89%B9" title="羅伯·佛契哥特">羅伯·佛契哥特</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%BB%E7%91%9E%C2%B7%E6%85%95%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7" title="費瑞·慕拉德">費瑞·慕拉德</a></li> <li>1997年:<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E5%A1%94%E4%BB%80%E5%B0%BC" title="马克·普塔什尼">马克·普塔什尼</a></li> <li>1998年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%85%B0%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E7%89%B9%E9%9F%A6%E5%B0%94" title="利兰·哈特韦尔">利蘭·哈特韋爾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A2%9E%E4%BA%95%E7%A6%8E%E5%A4%AB" title="增井禎夫">增井禎夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%C2%B7%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%AF" title="保罗·纳斯">保羅·納斯</a></li> <li>1999年:<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="克萊·阿姆斯特朗" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Clay Armstrong"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8B%E8%90%8A%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E6%9C%97&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="克萊·阿姆斯特朗(页面不存在)">克萊·阿姆斯特朗</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clay_Armstrong" class="extiw" title="en:Clay Armstrong"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Clay Armstrong</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E8%92%82%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E5%8B%92" title="伯蒂尔·希勒">伯蒂尔·希勒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E5%BE%B7%E9%87%8C%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E9%BA%A6%E9%87%91%E5%86%9C" title="罗德里克·麦金农">罗德里克·麦金农</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000年代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>2000年:<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E9%BE%99%C2%B7%E5%88%87%E5%93%88%E8%AF%BA%E6%B2%83" title="阿龙·切哈诺沃">阿龙·切哈诺沃</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%A4%AB%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E4%BB%80%E7%A7%91" title="阿夫拉姆·赫什科">阿夫拉姆·赫什科</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%8E%86%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E6%B2%99%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA" title="亚历山大·瓦尔沙夫斯基">亚历山大·瓦尔沙夫斯基</a></li> <li>2001年:<a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A5%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E4%BD%A9%E5%A5%87" title="马里奥·卡佩奇">马里奥·卡佩奇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E6%96%87%E6%96%AF" title="马丁·埃文斯">马丁·埃文斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%88%A9%E5%BC%97%C2%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%AF%86%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF" title="奥利弗·史密西斯">奧利弗·史密西斯</a></li> <li>2002年:<a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E6%80%9D%E6%9B%BC" title="詹姆斯·罗思曼">詹姆斯·罗思曼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B0%E8%BF%AA%C2%B7%E8%B0%A2%E5%85%8B%E6%9B%BC" title="兰迪·谢克曼">蘭迪·謝克曼</a></li> <li>2003年:<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E5%BE%B7" title="羅伯特·羅德">羅伯特·羅德</a></li> <li>2004年:<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%B0%9A%E9%82%A6" title="皮埃尔·尚邦">皮埃尔·尚邦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E7%BA%B3%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7M%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E6%96%87%E6%96%AF" title="罗纳德·M·埃文斯">羅納德·M·埃文斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%E4%BC%8D%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%A9%B9%E6%A3%AE" title="埃尔伍德·詹森">埃尔伍德·詹森</a></li> <li>2005年:<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E5%86%85%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E9%BA%A6%E5%8D%A1%E6%B4%9B%E5%85%8B" title="欧内斯特·麦卡洛克">欧内斯特·麦卡洛克</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%92%82%E5%B0%94" title="詹姆斯·蒂尔">詹姆斯·蒂尔</a></li> <li>2006年:<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E4%B8%BD%E8%8E%8E%E7%99%BD%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E8%8E%B1%E5%85%8B%E6%9C%AC" title="伊丽莎白·布莱克本">伊丽莎白·布莱克本</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%BD%97%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E9%9B%B7%E5%BE%B7" title="卡罗尔·格雷德">卡罗尔·格雷德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B0%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%BB%8D%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%85%8B" title="杰克·绍斯塔克">杰克·绍斯塔克</a></li> <li>2007年:<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E6%9B%BC" title="拉尔夫·斯坦曼">拉尔夫·斯坦曼</a></li> <li>2008年:<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%85%8B%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E5%AE%89%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="维克托·安布罗斯">维克托·安布羅斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4%C2%B7%E9%B2%8D%E5%B0%94%E5%BA%93%E5%A7%86" title="戴维·鲍尔库姆">戴维·鲍尔库姆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E9%B2%81%E5%A4%AB%E6%98%86" title="加里·鲁夫昆">加里·鲁夫昆</a></li> <li>2009年:<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E7%99%BB" title="约翰·格登">約翰·格登</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%AD%E4%BC%B8%E5%BD%8C" title="山中伸彌">山中伸彌</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010年代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>2010年:<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E6%A0%BC%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E7%88%BE%E6%9B%BC" title="道格拉斯·科爾曼">道格拉斯·科爾曼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B0%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C%E5%BE%B7%E6%9B%BC" title="杰弗里·弗里德曼">杰弗里·弗里德曼</a></li> <li>2011年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%9C%97%E5%85%B9-%E4%B9%8C%E5%B0%94%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%87%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E7%89%B9%E5%B0%94" title="弗朗兹-乌尔里奇·哈特尔">弗朗茲-烏爾里奇·哈特爾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%91%9F%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%87" title="阿瑟·霍里奇">阿瑟·霍里奇</a></li> <li>2012年:<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%88%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E8%8C%A8" title="迈克尔·希茨">迈克尔·希茨</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E6%99%AE%E8%BF%AA%E8%B5%AB" title="詹姆斯·斯普迪赫">詹姆斯·斯普迪赫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E7%BA%B3%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%9F%A6%E5%B0%94" title="罗纳德·韦尔">罗纳德·韦尔</a></li> <li>2013年:<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%88%8D%E5%8B%92" title="理查德·舍勒">理查德·舍勒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%81%9A%E5%BE%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%A4%AB" title="托马斯·聚德霍夫">托马斯·聚德霍夫</a></li> <li>2014年:<a href="/wiki/%E6%A3%AE%E5%92%8C%E4%BF%8A" title="森和俊">森和俊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9" title="彼得·瓦尔特">彼得·瓦爾特</a></li> <li>2015年:<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E8%92%82%E8%8A%AC%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%87" title="斯蒂芬·埃利奇">斯蒂芬·埃利奇</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="伊芙琳·M·威特金" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Evelyn M. Witkin"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%8A%E8%8A%99%E7%90%B3%C2%B7M%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E7%89%B9%E9%87%91&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="伊芙琳·M·威特金(页面不存在)">伊芙琳·M·威特金</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evelyn_M._Witkin" class="extiw" title="en:Evelyn M. Witkin"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Evelyn M. Witkin</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li>2016年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%87%AF%E6%9E%97" title="威廉·凯林">威廉·凯林</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9%E5%85%8B%E5%88%A9%E5%A4%AB" title="彼得·拉特克利夫">彼得·拉特克利夫</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%9B%B7%E6%A0%BC%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E9%97%A8%E6%89%8E" title="格雷格·塞门扎">格雷格·塞门扎</a></li> <li>2017年:<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%88%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94%C2%B7N%C2%B7%E9%9C%8D%E5%B0%94" title="迈克尔·N·霍尔">迈克尔·N·霍尔</a></li> <li>2018年:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%A5%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E5%88%A9%E6%96%AF" title="查尔斯·戴维·阿利斯">查尔斯·戴维·阿利斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%88%E5%85%8B%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%A0%BC%E4%BC%A6%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6" title="迈克尔·格伦斯坦">迈克尔·格伦斯坦</a></li> <li>2019年:<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="马克斯·戴尔·库珀" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Max Dale Cooper"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%88%B4%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%BA%93%E7%8F%80&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="马克斯·戴尔·库珀(页面不存在)">马克斯·戴尔·库珀</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Dale_Cooper" class="extiw" title="en:Max Dale Cooper"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Max Dale Cooper</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E7%B1%B3%E5%8B%92" title="雅克·米勒">雅克·米勒</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020年代</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li>2021年:<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E4%BB%A3%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E7%BD%97%E6%80%9D" title="卡尔·代塞尔罗思">卡尔·代塞尔罗思</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E9%BB%91%E6%A0%BC%E6%9B%BC" title="彼得·黑格曼">彼得·黑格曼</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="迪特尔·厄斯特黑尔特" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Dieter Oesterhelt"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%AA%E7%89%B9%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%8E%84%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E9%BB%91%E5%B0%94%E7%89%B9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="迪特尔·厄斯特黑尔特(页面不存在)">迪特尔·厄斯特黑尔特</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieter_Oesterhelt" class="extiw" title="en:Dieter Oesterhelt"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Dieter Oesterhelt</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li>2022年:<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%C2%B7%E6%B5%B7%E5%9B%A0%E6%96%AF" title="理查·海因斯">理查·海因斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%E5%9F%BA%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E6%8B%89%E8%B5%AB%E8%92%82" title="埃尔基·罗斯拉赫蒂">埃尔基·罗斯拉赫蒂</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="蒂莫西·A·施普林格" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Timothy A. Springer"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%92%82%E8%8E%AB%E8%A5%BF%C2%B7A%C2%B7%E6%96%BD%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E6%A0%BC&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="蒂莫西·A·施普林格(页面不存在)">蒂莫西·A·施普林格</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">(<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">:</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timothy_A._Springer" class="extiw" title="en:Timothy A. Springer"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Timothy A. Springer</span></a></span>)</span></span></li> <li>2023年:<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B0%E7%B1%B3%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E8%90%A8%E6%AF%94%E6%96%AF" title="杰米斯·哈萨比斯">杰米斯·哈萨比斯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A6%E7%BF%B0%C2%B7%E6%B1%9F%E7%8F%80" title="约翰·江珀">约翰·江珀</a></li> <li>2024年:<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E5%BF%97%E5%9D%9A_(1966%E5%B9%B4)" title="陈志坚 (1966年)">陈志坚</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Category:%E6%8B%89%E6%96%AF%E5%85%8B%E5%9F%BA%E7%A4%8E%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E7%8D%8E%E5%BE%97%E4%B8%BB" title="Category:拉斯克基礎醫學研究獎得主">Category:拉斯克基础医学研究奖得主</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="美国微生物学会会长" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%BE%AE%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A%E4%BC%9A%E9%95%BF" title="Template:美国微生物学会会长"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%BE%AE%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A%E4%BC%9A%E9%95%BF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:美国微生物学会会长(页面不存在)"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%BE%AE%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A%E4%BC%9A%E9%95%BF" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:美国微生物学会会长"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="美国微生物学会会长" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E5%BE%AE%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6%E4%BC%9A" title="美国微生物学会">美国微生物学会</a>会长</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1900–1925</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E6%B1%A4%E6%99%AE%E6%A3%AE%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E5%A5%87%E5%A8%81%E5%85%8B" title="威廉·汤普森·塞奇威克">威廉·汤普森·塞奇威克</a> (1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E9%9F%A6%E5%B0%94%E5%A5%87" title="威廉·亨利·韦尔奇">威廉·亨利·韦尔奇</a> (1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%AB%E4%BC%AF%E7%89%B9%C2%B7%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%BA%B7" title="赫伯特·威廉·康">赫伯特·威廉·康</a> (1902)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A5%A5%E5%8D%9A%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%AF%86%E6%96%AF" title="西奥博尔德·史密斯">锡·史密斯</a> (1903)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_George_Novy&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick George Novy(页面不存在)">Frederick George Novy</a> (1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E5%BE%B7%E6%B8%A9%C2%B7O%C2%B7%E4%B9%94%E4%B8%B9" title="埃德温·O·乔丹">埃德温·O·乔丹</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erwin_Frink_Smith&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Erwin Frink Smith(页面不存在)">Erwin Frink Smith</a> (1906)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Carroll_(scientist)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="James Carroll (scientist)(页面不存在)">James Carroll</a> (1907)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Luman_Russell&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Harry Luman Russell(页面不存在)">Harry Luman Russell</a> (1908)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_James_Kinyoun&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph James Kinyoun(页面不存在)">Joseph James Kinyoun</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Veranus_Alva_Moore&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Veranus Alva Moore(页面不存在)">Veranus Alva Moore</a> (1910)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederic_Poole_Gorham&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederic Poole Gorham(页面不存在)">Frederic Poole Gorham</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Hallock_Park&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="William Hallock Park(页面不存在)">William Hallock Park</a> (1912)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles-Edward_Amory_Winslow&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles-Edward Amory Winslow(页面不存在)">Charles-Edward Amory Winslow</a> (1913)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Edward_Marshall&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Edward Marshall(页面不存在)">Charles Edward Marshall</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Hendricks_Bergey&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="David Hendricks Bergey(页面不存在)">David Hendricks Bergey</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Jonathan_Burrill&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Jonathan Burrill(页面不存在)">Thomas Jonathan Burrill</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leo_Frederick_Rettger&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Leo Frederick Rettger(页面不存在)">Leo Frederick Rettger</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Earle_Buchanan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Earle Buchanan(页面不存在)">Robert Earle Buchanan</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Cate_Prescott&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Cate Prescott(页面不存在)">Samuel Cate Prescott</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Krumwiede_Jr.&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Krumwiede Jr.(页面不存在)">Charles Krumwiede Jr.</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Charles_Harrison&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Charles Harrison(页面不存在)">Francis Charles Harrison</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lore_Alford_Rogers&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lore Alford Rogers(页面不存在)">Lore Alford Rogers</a> (1922)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_George_Hastings&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Edwin George Hastings(页面不存在)">Edwin George Hastings</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Parker_Hitchens&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Parker Hitchens(页面不存在)">Arthur Parker Hitchens</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_MacLeod_Harris&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Norman MacLeod Harris(页面不存在)">Norman MacLeod Harris</a> (1925)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1926–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%B4%A5%E7%91%9F" title="汉斯·津瑟">汉斯·津瑟</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Stanley_Breed&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Stanley Breed(页面不存在)">Robert Stanley Breed</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alice_Catherine_Evans&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alice Catherine Evans(页面不存在)">Alice Catherine Evans</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ludvig_Hektoen&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ludvig Hektoen(页面不存在)">Ludvig Hektoen</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanhope_Bayne-Jones&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanhope Bayne-Jones(页面不存在)">Stanhope Bayne-Jones</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Howard_Brown&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="James Howard Brown(页面不存在)">James Howard Brown</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_Broun_Fred&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Edwin Broun Fred(页面不存在)">Edwin Broun Fred</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Mansfield_Clark&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="William Mansfield Clark(页面不存在)">William Mansfield Clark</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Milton_J._Rosenau&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Milton J. Rosenau(页面不存在)">Milton Joseph Rosenau</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_Friedrich_Meyer&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl Friedrich Meyer(页面不存在)">Karl Friedrich Meyer</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Milton_Rivers&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Milton Rivers(页面不存在)">Thomas Milton Rivers</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Morgan_Sherman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="James Morgan Sherman(页面不存在)">James Morgan Sherman</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul_Franklin_Clark&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul Franklin Clark(页面不存在)">Paul Franklin Clark</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Trautwein_Henrici&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthur Trautwein Henrici(页面不存在)">Arthur Trautwein Henrici</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Thom&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Thom(页面不存在)">Charles Thom</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E6%96%AF%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E5%BC%97%E9%87%8C" title="奥斯瓦尔德·埃弗里">奥斯瓦尔德·埃弗里</a> (1941)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">赛尔曼·瓦克斯曼</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E8%B4%9D%E5%8D%A1%C2%B7%E5%85%B0%E6%96%AF%E8%8F%B2%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7" title="瑞贝卡·兰斯菲尔德">瑞贝卡·兰斯菲尔德</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ira_Baldwin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ira Baldwin(页面不存在)">Ira L. Baldwin</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stuart_Mudd&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Stuart Mudd(页面不存在)">Stuart Mudd</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Craigie_(bacteriologist)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="James Craigie (bacteriologist)(页面不存在)">James Craigie</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E5%85%B0%E8%A5%BF%E6%96%AF" title="小托马斯·弗兰西斯">小托马斯·弗兰西斯</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_Joel_Conn&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Harold Joel Conn(页面不存在)">Harold Joel Conn</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_McDowell_Hammon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="William McDowell Hammon(页面不存在)">William McDowell Hammon</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barnett_Cohen&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Barnett Cohen(页面不存在)">Barnett Cohen</a> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_James_Nungester&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter James Nungester(页面不存在)">Walter James Nungester</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E5%86%85%C2%B7%E6%9D%9C%E5%8D%9A%E6%96%AF" title="勒内·杜博斯">勒内·杜博斯</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gail_Monroe_Dack&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gail Monroe Dack(页面不存在)">Gail Monroe Dack</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C2%B7B%C2%B7%E5%87%A1%E5%B0%BC%E5%B0%94" title="C·B·凡尼尔">C·B·凡尼尔</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halvor_Orin_Halvorson&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Halvor Orin Halvorson(页面不存在)">Halvor Orin Halvorson</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Arthur_Stuart&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Arthur Stuart(页面不存在)">Charles Arthur Stuart</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perry_William_Wilson&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perry William Wilson(页面不存在)">Perry William Wilson</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%87%8C%C2%B7%E4%BC%8A%E6%A0%BC%E5%B0%94" title="哈里·伊格尔">哈里·伊格尔</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Rarick_Edwards&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Philip Rarick Edwards(页面不存在)">Philip Rarick Edwards</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Albert_Evans&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Albert Evans(页面不存在)">Charles Albert Evans</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herald_Rea_Cox&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Herald Rea Cox(页面不存在)">Herald Rea Cox</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Edward_Blair&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Edward Blair(页面不存在)">John Edward Blair</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Lyman_Starkey&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Lyman Starkey(页面不存在)">Robert Lyman Starkey</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=J._Roger_Porter&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="J. Roger Porter(页面不存在)">John Roger Porter</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orville_Wyss&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Orville Wyss(页面不存在)">Orville Wyss</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Riley_Dee_Housewright&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Riley Dee Housewright(页面不存在)">Riley Dee Housewright</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Bowen_Sarles&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="William Bowen Sarles(页面不存在)">William Bowen Sarles</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E7%88%BE%E7%93%A6%E5%A4%9A%C2%B7%E7%9B%A7%E7%91%9E%E4%BA%9E" title="薩爾瓦多·盧瑞亞">薩爾瓦多·盧瑞亞</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dennis_Wallace_Watson&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dennis Wallace Watson(页面不存在)">Dennis Wallace Watson</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_Michael_Foster&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Edwin Michael Foster(页面不存在)">Edwin Michael Foster</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Hungate&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Hungate(页面不存在)">Robert Edward Hungate</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Morris_Frank_Shaffer&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Morris Frank Shaffer(页面不存在)">Morris Frank Shaffer</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_George_Everett_Murray&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert George Everett Murray(页面不存在)">Robert George Everett Murray</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Linzy_Leon_Campbell&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Linzy Leon Campbell(页面不存在)">Linzy Leon Campbell</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philipp_Gerhardt&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Philipp Gerhardt(页面不存在)">Philipp Gerhardt</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Helen_Riaboff_Whiteley&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Helen Riaboff Whiteley(页面不存在)">Helen Riaboff Whiteley</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harlyn_Odell_Halvorson&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Harlyn Odell Halvorson(页面不存在)">Harlyn Odell Halvorson</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aaron_Frederick_Rasmussen_Jr.&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Aaron Frederick Rasmussen Jr.(页面不存在)">Aaron Frederick Rasmussen Jr.</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edwin_Herman_Lennette&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Edwin Herman Lennette(页面不存在)">Edwin Herman Lennette</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Willis_A._Wood&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Willis A. Wood(页面不存在)">Willis A. Wood</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Balows&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert Balows(页面不存在)">Albert Balows</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_C._Neidhardt&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Frederick C. Neidhardt(页面不存在)">Frederick C. Neidhardt</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Charles_Sherris&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Charles Sherris(页面不存在)">John Charles Sherris</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Pierce_Williams&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Pierce Williams(页面不存在)">Robert Pierce Williams</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rita_Rossi_Colwell&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rita Rossi Colwell(页面不存在)">Rita Rossi Colwell</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moselio_Schaechter&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Moselio Schaechter(页面不存在)">Moselio Schaechter</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Brenchley&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Brenchley(页面不存在)">Jean Brenchley</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barbara_Hotham_Iglewski&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Barbara Hotham Iglewski(页面不存在)">Barbara Hotham Iglewski</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E8%AF%97%E5%8E%9A" title="黄诗厚">黄诗厚</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Dowdle&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Dowdle(页面不存在)">Walter Dowdle</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joan_W._Bennett&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Joan W. Bennett(页面不存在)">Joan Wennstrom Bennett</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Lane_Crowell&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Lane Crowell(页面不存在)">Richard Lane Crowell</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Ingraham&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Ingraham(页面不存在)">John Ingraham</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gail_Cassell&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gail Cassell(页面不存在)">Gail Cassell</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Schlessinger_(microbiologist)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="David Schlessinger (microbiologist)(页面不存在)">David Schlessinger</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carol_A._Nacy&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Carol A. Nacy(页面不存在)">Carol A. Nacy</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenneth_I._Berns&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kenneth I. Berns(页面不存在)">Kenneth I. Berns</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Falkow&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanley Falkow(页面不存在)">Stanley Falkow</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stuart_Levy_(microbiologist)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Stuart Levy (microbiologist)(页面不存在)">Stuart Levy</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Julian_Davies_(microbiologist)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Julian Davies (microbiologist)(页面不存在)">Julian Davies</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–至今</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martha_Howe&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Martha Howe(页面不存在)">Martha Howe</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%AF%94%E7%9B%96%E5%B0%94%C2%B7A%C2%B7%E8%90%A8%E5%88%A9%E5%B0%94%E6%96%AF" title="阿比盖尔·A·萨利尔斯">阿比盖尔·A·萨利尔斯</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Atlas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ronald Atlas(页面不存在)">Ronald Atlas</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_E._Shenk&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas E. Shenk(页面不存在)">Thomas E. Shenk</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%C2%B7M%C2%B7%E6%8F%90%E4%BA%9A%E6%9D%B0" title="詹姆斯·M·提亚杰">詹姆斯·M·提亚杰</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stanley_Robert_Maloy&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Stanley Robert Maloy(页面不存在)">Stanley Robert Maloy</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diane_Griffin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Diane Griffin(页面不存在)">Diane E. Griffin</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clifford_Wayne_Houston&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Clifford Wayne Houston(页面不存在)">Clifford Wayne Houston</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alison_D._O%27Brien&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alison D. O&#39;Brien(页面不存在)">Alison D. O'Brien</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roberto_Kolter&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Roberto Kolter(页面不存在)">Roberto Kolter</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%A6%E5%B0%BC%C2%B7%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF%E5%8B%92" title="邦尼·巴斯勒">邦尼·巴斯勒</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_C._Hooper&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="David C. Hooper(页面不存在)">David C. Hooper</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeffery_F._Miller&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeffery F. Miller(页面不存在)">Jeffery F. Miller</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jo_Handelsman&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jo Handelsman(页面不存在)">Jo Handelsman</a> (2014年1月-2月)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeffery_F._Miller&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeffery F. Miller(页面不存在)">Jeffery F. Miller</a> (2014年3月-12月)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timothy_Donohue&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Timothy Donohue(页面不存在)">Timothy Donohue</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lynn_W._Enquist&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lynn W. Enquist(页面不存在)">Lynn W. Enquist</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Susan_E._Sharp&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Susan E. Sharp(页面不存在)">Susan E. Sharp</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peggy_Cotter&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Peggy Cotter(页面不存在)">Peggy Cotter</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robin_Patel&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robin Patel(页面不存在)">Robin Patel</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79005747">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r79005747"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="-&amp;#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&amp;#125;--&amp;#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&amp;#125;-_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232308#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="-&amp;#123;zh-cn:规范控制;zh-tw:權威控制;&amp;#125;--&amp;#123;zh-cn:数据库;zh-tw:資料庫&amp;#125;-_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=編輯維基數據鏈接&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232308#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;編輯維基數據鏈接" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/Help:%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%8E%A7%E5%88%B6" title="Help:规范控制">规范控制数据库</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232308#identifiers" title="編輯維基數據鏈接"><img alt="編輯維基數據鏈接" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">国际</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/8919/">FAST</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000116633441">ISNI</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/67250243">VIAF</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJcwFk4vg696gFrb3QfTHC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb105968267">法国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb105968267">BnF data</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/117725544">德国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Waksman, Selman Abraham"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CUBV162719">意大利</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&amp;local_base=NLX10&amp;find_code=UID&amp;request=987007297818005171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50026989">美国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Waksman, Selman A. (Selman Abraham), 1888-1973"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&amp;local_base=lnc10&amp;doc_number=000144674&amp;P_CON_LNG=ENG">拉脱维亚</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00527112">日本</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=nlk20000084795&amp;CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p073797944">荷兰</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/40950">葡萄牙</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">学术</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/ipni/advAuthorSearch.do?find_abbreviation=Waksman">国际植物名称索引</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA02104186?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leopoldina.org/mitgliederverzeichnis/mitglieder/member/Member/show/selman-waksman/">Leopoldina</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=16050968600">Scopus</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">人物</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd117725544.html?language=en">德意志传记</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/835080">Trove</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=32922">现代乌克兰百科全书</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w69c702z">SNAC</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/074545663">IdRef</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐fgzdv Cached time: 20241123124329 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.868 seconds Real time usage: 1.171 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 6578/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 258324/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 29307/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 64/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 48974/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.473/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 17205654/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 824.636 1 -total 24.17% 199.339 1 Template:Infobox_Scientist 14.58% 120.259 1 Template:Lang-en 14.32% 118.048 1 Template:阿尔伯特·拉斯克基础医学研究奖获得者 11.51% 94.949 1 Template:諾貝爾生理學或醫學獎獲得者_(1951年-1975年) 11.29% 93.080 36 Template:Le 11.22% 92.535 2 Template:Navbox 10.60% 87.420 2 Template:Infobox 10.53% 86.838 1 Template:Authority_control 9.67% 79.730 1 Template:列文虎克奖章获得者 --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key zhwiki:pcache:idhash:519874-0!canonical!zh and timestamp 20241123124329 and revision id 82239592. 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