CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="oc" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Provençau — Wikipèdia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )ocwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"oc normal","wgMonthNames":["","genièr","febrièr","març","abril","mai","junh","julhet","agost","setembre","octobre","novembre","decembre"],"wgRequestId":"98e48f5c-8566-4732-82f6-4e0254c851b5","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Provençau","wgTitle":"Provençau","wgCurRevisionId":2459806,"wgRevisionId":2459806,"wgArticleId":16799,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Paginas utilizant d'arguments duplicats dins los apèls de modèl","Referéncia qu'utiliza lo modèl Metaligam cap a portal","Portal:Occitània/Articles ligats","Portal:Lengas/Articles ligats","Pàgines amb mides d'imatge que contenen px addicionals","Article redigit en provençau","Portal:Provença/Articles ligats","Provençau (dialècte)","Provença"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"oc","wgPageContentLanguage":"oc","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Provençau","wgRelevantArticleId":16799,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"oc","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"oc"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q241243","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ArchiveLinks","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=oc&modules=ext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=oc&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=oc&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.21"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Occitan_proven%C3%A7al.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="714"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Occitan_proven%C3%A7al.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="476"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="381"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Provençau — Wikipèdia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//oc.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proven%C3%A7au"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Modificar" href="/w/index.php?title=Proven%C3%A7au&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipèdia (oc)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//oc.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proven%C3%A7au"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.oc"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Flux Atom de Wikipèdia" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Darri%C3%A8rs_cambiaments&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Provençau rootpage-Provençau skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Vejatz lo contengut</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Menut principal" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menut principal - Menut principau" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menut principal - Menut principau</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menut principal - Menut principau</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mòu a la barra laterala</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> <div id="p-Navigacion" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Navigacion" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigacion </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Acuèlh" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Acu%C3%A8lh"><span>Acuèlh</span></a></li><li id="n-La-tavèrna" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:La_tav%C3%A8rna"><span>La tavèrna</span></a></li><li id="n-thema" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Acu%C3%A8lh"><span>Portals tematics</span></a></li><li id="n-alphindex" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Totas_las_paginas"><span>Indèx alfabetic</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Pagina_a_l%27azard" title="Afichar una pagina a l'azard [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Una pagina a l'azard</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Contact-url"><span>contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Contribuir" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Contribuir" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribuir </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Somari" title="L'endrech per s'assabentar."><span>Ajuda</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Acu%C3%A8lh" title="A prepaus del projècte, çò que podètz far, ont trobar d'informacions"><span>Comunautat</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Darri%C3%A8rs_cambiaments" title="Lista dels darrièrs cambiaments sul wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Darrièrs cambiaments</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Paginas_especialas"><span>Paginas especialas</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutwp" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Acu%C3%A8lh_dels_nov%C3%A8ls_venguts"><span>Acuèlh dels novèls venguts</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Acu%C3%A8lh" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipèdia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-oc.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.1875em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="l'enciclopèdia liura" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-oc.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Rec%C3%A8rca" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cercar dins Wikipèdia [C]" accesskey="C"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Recercar</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Recercar sus Wikipèdia" aria-label="Recercar sus Wikipèdia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cercar dins Wikipèdia [C]" accesskey="C" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Especial:Recèrca"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Recercar</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Aisinas personalas"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparéncia"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Modificar la dimension, la largor e la color del tèxte." > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparéncia" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparéncia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=oc.wikipedia.org&uselang=oc" class=""><span>Far un don</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crear_un_compte&returnto=Proven%C3%A7au" title="Vos es conselhat de crear un compte e de vos connectar ; pasmens, es pas obligatòri" class=""><span>Crear un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Nom_d%27utilizaire&returnto=Proven%C3%A7au" title="Sètz convidat(ada) a vos identificar, mas non es pas obligatòri. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Se connectar</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Més opcions" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aisinas personalas" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aisinas personalas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="Menut d'utilizator" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=oc.wikipedia.org&uselang=oc"><span>Far un don</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>Contribuïr</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crear_un_compte&returnto=Proven%C3%A7au" title="Vos es conselhat de crear un compte e de vos connectar ; pasmens, es pas obligatòri"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crear un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Nom_d%27utilizaire&returnto=Proven%C3%A7au" title="Sètz convidat(ada) a vos identificar, mas non es pas obligatòri. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Se connectar</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Paginas pels editors non registrats. <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l'edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Mas_discussions" title="La pagina de discussion per aquesta adreça IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Somari" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Somari</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mòu a la barra laterala</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Començament</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Extension_geografica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extension_geografica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Extension geografica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extension_geografica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classificacion_dau_provençau" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classificacion_dau_provençau"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Classificacion dau provençau</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classificacion_dau_provençau-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fonetica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fonetica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Fonetica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fonetica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classificacions_sosdialectalas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classificacions_sosdialectalas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Classificacions sosdialectalas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classificacions_sosdialectalas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Codificacion_e_estandardizacion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Codificacion_e_estandardizacion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Codificacion e estandardizacion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Codificacion_e_estandardizacion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secessionisme_lingüistic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secessionisme_lingüistic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Secessionisme lingüistic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secessionisme_lingüistic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parabòla_de_l'enfant_prodig" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parabòla_de_l'enfant_prodig"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Parabòla de l'enfant prodig</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parabòla_de_l'enfant_prodig-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vejatz_tanben" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vejatz_tanben"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Vejatz tanben</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vejatz_tanben-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ligams_extèrnes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligams_extèrnes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Ligams extèrnes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligams_extèrnes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Somari" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Taula de continguts" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Provençau</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 44 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 lengas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provensaals" title="Provensaals - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Provensaals" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provenzalische_Sprache" title="Provenzalische Sprache - aleman de Soïssa" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Provenzalische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="aleman de Soïssa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occit%C3%A1n_provenzal" title="Occitán provenzal - aragonés" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Occitán provenzal" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87%D8%AC%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللهجة البروفانسية - arabi" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللهجة البروفانسية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provenzal" title="Provenzal - asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Provenzal" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provans_dialekti" title="Provans dialekti - azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Provans dialekti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Провансалски диалект - bulgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Провансалски диалект" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prova%C3%B1seg" title="Provañseg - breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Provañseg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occit%C3%A0_proven%C3%A7al" title="Occità provençal - catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Occità provençal" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profensaleg" title="Profensaleg - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Profensaleg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provenzalische_Sprache" title="Provenzalische Sprache - alemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Provenzalische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proven%C3%A7al_dialect" title="Provençal dialect - anglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Provençal dialect" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provenca_lingvo" title="Provenca lingvo - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Provenca lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provenzal_(occitano)" title="Provenzal (occitano) - espanhòl" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Provenzal (occitano)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proventzera" title="Proventzera - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Proventzera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="گویش پروانسی - perse" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گویش پروانسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provensaali" title="Provensaali - finlandés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Provensaali" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proven%C3%A7al" title="Provençal - francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Provençal" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proven%C3%A7%C3%A2l" title="Provençâl - francoprovençal" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Provençâl" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="francoprovençal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proven%C3%A7al" title="Provençal - gaelic escossés" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Provençal" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelic escossés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provansalski_dijalekt" title="Provansalski dijalekt - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Provansalski dijalekt" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provansz%C3%A1l_dialektus" title="Provanszál dialektus - ongrés" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Provanszál dialektus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ongrés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provencala_linguo" title="Provencala linguo - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Provencala linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialetto_provenzale" title="Dialetto provenzale - italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dialetto provenzale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%97%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E8%AA%9E" title="プロヴァンス語 - japonés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="プロヴァンス語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimpubensawu" title="Kimpubensawu - kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Kimpubensawu" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Provincialis" title="Lingua Provincialis - latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Provincialis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengoa_provens%C3%A2le" title="Lengoa provensâle - lígur" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengoa provensâle" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="lígur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialett_provenzal" title="Dialett provenzal - llombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Dialett provenzal" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="llombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proven%C3%A7alsk" title="Provençalsk - norvegian bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Provençalsk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegian bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provensali_lingue" title="Provensali lingue - novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Provensali lingue" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialekt_prowansalski" title="Dialekt prowansalski - polonés" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dialekt prowansalski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_provensal" title="Lenga provensal - piemontès" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga provensal" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occitano_proven%C3%A7al" title="Occitano provençal - portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Occitano provençal" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Провансальский диалект - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Провансальский диалект" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_pruvenzali" title="Lingua pruvenzali - sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua pruvenzali" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provensal%C4%8Dina_(Provensalsko)" title="Provensalčina (Provensalsko) - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Provensalčina (Provensalsko)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proven%C3%A7al" title="Provençal - albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Provençal" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provensalska" title="Provensalska - suedés" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Provensalska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="ภาษาถิ่นพรอว็องส์ - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาถิ่นพรอว็องส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provensal_leh%C3%A7esi" title="Provensal lehçesi - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Provensal lehçesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Провансальська мова - ucrainés" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Провансальська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucrainés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Proven%C3%A7al" title="Tiếng Provençal - vietnamian" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Provençal" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E7%BD%97%E6%97%BA%E6%96%AF%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" title="普罗旺斯方言 - chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="普罗旺斯方言" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q241243#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modificar los ligams interlenga" class="wbc-editpage">Modificar los ligams</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espacis de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7au" title="Veire l’article [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discutir:Proven%C3%A7au" rel="discussion" title="Discussion a prepaus d'aquesta pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">occitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Afichatges"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7au"><span>Legir</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proven%C3%A7au&veaction=edit" title="Modificar aquela pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proven%C3%A7au&action=edit" title="Modificar lo còdi font d'aquela pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proven%C3%A7au&action=history" title="Los autors e versions precedentas d'aquesta pagina. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Veire l'istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Bóstia d'aisinas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bóstia d'aisinas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aisinas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mòu a la barra laterala</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mai d'opcions" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Accions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7au"><span>Legir</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proven%C3%A7au&veaction=edit" title="Modificar aquela pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificar</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proven%C3%A7au&action=edit" title="Modificar lo còdi font d'aquela pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proven%C3%A7au&action=history"><span>Veire l'istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General - Generau </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Paginas_ligadas/Proven%C3%A7au" title="Lista de las paginas ligadas a aquesta. [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Paginas connèxas</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Seguit_dels_ligams/Proven%C3%A7au" rel="nofollow" title="Lista dels darrièrs cambiaments de las paginas ligadas a aquesta [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Seguiment dels ligams</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=oc" title="Mandar un imatge o fichièr mèdia sul servidor [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Importar un fichièr</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proven%C3%A7au&oldid=2459806" title="Ligam permanent cap a aquesta version de la pagina"><span>Ligam permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proven%C3%A7au&action=info" title="Mai d’informacion sus aquesta pagina"><span>Informacion sus la pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citar&page=Proven%C3%A7au&id=2459806&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacions sus cossí citar aquesta pagina"><span>Citar aqueste article</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Foc.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FProven%25C3%25A7au"><span>Obténer una URL acorchida</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Foc.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FProven%25C3%25A7au"><span>Telecargar lo còdi QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimir / exportar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Libre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Proven%C3%A7au"><span>Crear un libre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Proven%C3%A7au&action=show-download-screen"><span>Telecargar coma PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proven%C3%A7au&printable=yes" title="Version imprimibla d'aquesta pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Imprimir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dins d'autres projèctes </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Proven%C3%A7al_dialect" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q241243" title="Ligam cap a l’element de referencial de las donadas connectadas [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparéncia"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparéncia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mòu a la barra laterala</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-dialecte-provençau" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7au" title="Aqueste article es redigit en provençau."><img alt="Aqueste article es redigit en provençau." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_Provence.svg/30px-Flag_of_Provence.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_Provence.svg/45px-Flag_of_Provence.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Flag_of_Provence.svg/60px-Flag_of_Provence.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipèdia, l'enciclopèdia liura.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="oc" dir="ltr"><p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2456874">@media only screen and (max-width:600px){.mw-parser-output .meta{margin-top:0px;background:#f8f9fa;font-style:italic;font-size:12px;color:#848687}}</style> </p> <table class="noprint meta" cellspacing="5"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="margin-left: 20px;"><i>Pels articles omonims, vejatz <a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7au_(omonimia)" class="mw-disambig" title="Provençau (omonimia)">provençau (omonimia)</a>.</i></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2459348">.mw-parser-output .infobox{background:#f9f9f9;color:#000;font-size:90%;line-height:1.6em;float:right;clear:right;margin:.5em 0 .5em 1em;width:22.5em;border:1px solid #c2c2c1;border-spacing:5px}.mw-parser-output .infobox td,.mw-parser-output .infobox th{vertical-align:super;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox caption{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered th{border:1px solid #c2c2c1}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .borderless th{border:0}@media only screen and (max-width:600px){.mw-parser-output .infobox{border:1px solid #e7e7e7}}.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton button,.mw-parser-output .infobox-showbutton .mw-collapsible-text{color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow th{border:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.bordered .mergedrow th{border:0;border-right:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia{border:1px solid #ccd2d9;text-align:left;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .mergedtoprow,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .mergedtoprow{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .mergedrow,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .mergedrow{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .mergedbottomrow,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .mergedbottomrow{border-top:0;border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-geografia-text{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-geografia-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-geografia-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style> <table class="infobox infobox noarchive" style="font-size:90%;width:25em"><caption style="font-weight:bold;background-color:Moccasin; padding:1px; padding: 3.3px; text-align:center"><span style="float:left; margin-left: 3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Infotaula de lenga"><img alt="Infotaula de lenga" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Octicons-comment.svg/20px-Octicons-comment.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Octicons-comment.svg/30px-Octicons-comment.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Octicons-comment.svg/40px-Octicons-comment.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="896" data-file-height="1024" /></span></span></span>Provençau</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;background-color:Moccasin">Provençau</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; background:#eeeeee">Parlat en</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241243?uselang=oc#identifiers" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; background:#eeeeee">Region</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Occit%C3%A0nia_(region_administrativa)" title="Occitània (region administrativa)">Occitània</a>, <a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7a-Aups-C%C3%B2sta_d%27Azur" title="Provença-Aups-Còsta d'Azur">Provença-Aups-Còsta d'Azur</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; background:#eeeeee"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_de_las_lengas_per_nombre_total_de_locutors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista de las lengas per nombre total de locutors (la pagina existís pas)">Locutors</a></th><td class="infobox-data">400 000</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color:Moccasin"><a href="/wiki/Lengas_per_familha" title="Lengas per familha">Classificacion lingüistica</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><div style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Lengas_indoeurop%C3%A8as" class="mw-redirect" title="Lengas indoeuropèas">Lengas indoeuropèas</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Lengas_italicas" title="Lengas italicas">Lengas italicas</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Lengas_romanicas" title="Lengas romanicas">Lengas romanicas</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Occitan" title="Occitan">Occitan</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occitan_meridionau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Occitan meridionau (la pagina existís pas)">Occitan meridionau</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Provençau</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color:Moccasin">Estatut de conservacion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2433354">.mw-parser-output .flex-container{justify-content:center;display:flex;flex-wrap:nowrap;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .flex-container>div{margin:1px;text-align:left;justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .sk-container{display:flex;width:auto}.mw-parser-output .sk-container>div{margin:1px;text-align:center;float:none}.mw-parser-output .EX-hover:hover{background:black;color:white}.mw-parser-output .CR-hover:hover{background:red;color:black}.mw-parser-output .SE-hover:hover{background:orange;color:black}.mw-parser-output .DE-hover:hover{background:yellow;color:black}.mw-parser-output .VU-hover:hover{background:yellowgreen;color:black}.mw-parser-output .NE-hover:hover{background:silver;color:black}.mw-parser-output .EX-hover a{color:white}.mw-parser-output .EX-hover:hover{color:white}.mw-parser-output .CR-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .CR-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .SE-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .SE-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .DE-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .DE-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .VU-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .VU-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .NE-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .NE-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .tooltip{position:relative;display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px dotted black}.mw-parser-output .tooltip .tooltiptext{visibility:hidden;width:120px;background-color:#F8F9FB;color:black;line-height:1.2;text-align:center;border-radius:3px;box-shadow:1px 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.35);padding:5px 0;position:absolute;z-index:1;top:150%;left:50%;margin-left:-60px;border:1px solid #C8CBD0;font-size:60%}.mw-parser-output .tooltip .tooltiptext::after{content:"";position:absolute;bottom:100%;left:50%;margin-left:-5px;border-width:5px;border-style:solid;font-size:60%;border-color:transparent transparent #C8CBD0 transparent}.mw-parser-output .tooltip:hover .tooltiptext{visibility:visible;z-index:900}.mw-parser-output .tooltip:hover .tooltiptext{visibility:visible;border:1px solid #C8CBD0;font-size:70%;z-index:900}.mw-parser-output .tooltip .tooltiptext{opacity:0;transition:opacity 0.15s;z-index:900}.mw-parser-output .tooltip:hover .tooltiptext{visibility:visible;opacity:1;z-index:900}</style> <center> <div class="sk-container" style="justify-content: center;"> <div><span style="font-size:90%;"><center><b>Atudat</b></center><br /></span> <a href="/wiki/Categoria:Lenga_m%C3%B2rta" title="Categoria:Lenga mòrta"><div class="EX-hover tooltip" style="display:inline; height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%; border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;"><b>EX</b><span class="tooltiptext"><i>Extinct</i> (Atudat)</span></div></a></div><div><span style="font-size:90%"><center><b>Menaçat</b></center><br /></span> <div style="border-top:2px solid black; border-radius:20%;display:inline;padding-top:1em"> <div class="CR-hover tooltip" style="height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%; display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Categoria:Lengas_en_dangi%C3%A8r_critic_d%27extincion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categoria:Lengas en dangièr critic d'extincion (la pagina existís pas)"><b>CR</b></a><span class="tooltiptext"><i>Critically endangered</i> (En dangièr critic)</span></div> <div class="SE-hover tooltip" style="height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%; display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Categoria:Lengas_gr%C3%A8vament_mena%C3%A7adas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categoria:Lengas grèvament menaçadas (la pagina existís pas)"><b>SE</b></a><span class="tooltiptext"><i>Severely endangered</i> (En dangièr sevèr)</span></div> <div class="DE-hover tooltip" style="height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%;display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;background:yellow"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Categoria:Lengas_mena%C3%A7adas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categoria:Lengas menaçadas (la pagina existís pas)"><b>DE</b></a><span class="tooltiptext"><i>Devinitely endangered</i> (En dangièr definitiu)</span></div> <div class="VU-hover tooltip" style="height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%; display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Categoria:Lengas_vulnerablas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categoria:Lengas vulnerablas (la pagina existís pas)"><b>VU</b></a><span class="tooltiptext"><i>Vulnerable</i> (Vulnerable)</span></div> </div></div><div><span style="font-size:90%"><center><b>Segur</b></center><br /></span> <div class="NE-hover tooltip" style="height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%; display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;"><b>NE</b><span class="tooltiptext"><i>Not Endangered</i> (Non en dangièr)</span></div></div></div> <div style="text-align:left;font-size:90%;margin-top:0.4em; line-height:1.3" class="noarchive"><center><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atl%C3%A0s_de_las_lengas_mena%C3%A7adas_dins_lo_mond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atlàs de las lengas menaçadas dins lo mond (la pagina existís pas)"><b>ICHEL <i>Red Book</i></b></a>: <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/apr/15/language-extinct-endangered">Definitely Endangered</a></span></span></center> Classada coma lenga <b>menaçada</b> (<b>DE</b>) per l''<a href="/w/index.php?title=Atl%C3%A0s_de_las_lengas_mena%C3%A7adas_dins_lo_mond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atlàs de las lengas menaçadas dins lo mond (la pagina existís pas)">Atlàs de las lengas menaçadas dins lo mond</a><i> </i></div> </center> <span style="font-size:80%; line-height:0.3"></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color:Moccasin">Còdis lingüistics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; background:#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>prv</code> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241243?uselang=oc#P220" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; background:#eeeeee">Glottolog</th><td class="infobox-data"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/prov1235">prov1235</a></code> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241243?uselang=oc#P1394" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; background:#eeeeee">Linguasphere</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hortensj-garden.org/index.php?tnc=1&tr=lsr&nid=51-AAA-gc">51-AAA-gc</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241243?uselang=oc#P1396" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; background:#eeeeee">Linguist List</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://multitree.org/codes/oci-prv">oci-prv</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241243?uselang=oc#P1232" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; background:#eeeeee">UNESCO</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/languages-atlas/en/atlasmap/language-id-404.html">404</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241243?uselang=oc#P2355" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; background:#eeeeee">IETF</th><td class="infobox-data">oc-provenc <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241243?uselang=oc#P305" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; background:#eeeeee">Endangered</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/8629">8629</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241243?uselang=oc#P2192" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color:Moccasin">Mapa</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Occitan_proven%C3%A7al.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Occitan_proven%C3%A7al.png/300px-Occitan_proven%C3%A7al.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Occitan_proven%C3%A7al.png/450px-Occitan_proven%C3%A7al.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Occitan_proven%C3%A7al.png 2x" data-file-width="573" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Lo <b>provençau</b> (prov., niç., gasc., lem., auv., viv.) o <b>provençal</b> (leng., auv., viv.) es lo dialècte <a href="/wiki/Occitan" title="Occitan">occitan</a> parlat en <a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7a" title="Provença">Provença</a> (fòra la zòna aupenca que parla <a href="/wiki/Vivaroaupenc" title="Vivaroaupenc">vivaroaupenc</a>) e dins l'èst de Lengadòc. Lo <a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A7ard" title="Niçard">niçard</a> n’es un sosdialècte parlat a <a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A7a" title="Niça">Niça</a>. Lo mot <i>provençau</i> serviguèt longtemps a nommar la lenga occitana dins son ensems. </p><p>Lo provençau au sens abituau, valent a dire, l'occitan dau sud-èst, a conegut d'escrivans de granda reputacion internacionala e doas nòrmas concurrentas: <a href="/wiki/Rob%C3%A8rt_Lafont" title="Robèrt Lafont">Robèrt Lafont</a> (1923-2009) es la figura tutelara de la <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B2rma_classica" title="Nòrma classica">nòrma classica</a> mentre que <a href="/wiki/Frederic_Mistral" title="Frederic Mistral">Frederic Mistral</a> (1830-1914) es l'arquetipe de la <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B2rma_mistralenca" title="Nòrma mistralenca">nòrma mistralenca</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Extension_geografica">Extension geografica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proven%C3%A7au&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modificar la seccion : Extension geografica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proven%C3%A7au&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Extension geografica"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Segon la gramatica de <a href="/wiki/Juli_Ronjat" title="Juli Ronjat">Juli Ronjat</a> (publicada entre 1930 e 1941) e <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8ire_B%C3%A8c" title="Pèire Bèc">Pèire Bèc</a> (en <a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a>), lo provençau se parla: </p> <ul><li>au sud de la region de <a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7a-Aups-C%C3%B2sta_d%27Azur" title="Provença-Aups-Còsta d'Azur">Provença-Aups-Còsta d'Azur</a> (au sud de la vila de <a href="/wiki/Dinha" title="Dinha">Dinha</a>),</li> <li>a l'èst dau departament de <a href="/wiki/Gard_(departament)" title="Gard (departament)">Gard</a>, dins la region de <a href="/wiki/Lengad%C3%B2c-Rosselhon" title="Lengadòc-Rosselhon">Lengadòc-Rosselhon</a> (a l'entorn de <a href="/wiki/Nimes" title="Nimes">Nimes</a>, amb son limit occidentau que coïncidís aproximativament amb lo riu de <a href="/wiki/Vidorle" title="Vidorle">Vidorle</a> e lo pè dei <a href="/wiki/Cevenas" title="Cevenas">Cevenas</a>).</li> <li>au principat de <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3negue" title="Mónegue">Mónegue</a>, ont lo provençau niçard coexistís amb lo <a href="/wiki/Ligur" class="mw-disambig" title="Ligur">ligur</a> <a href="/wiki/Monegasc" title="Monegasc">monegasc</a>.</li></ul> <p>Segon quauqueis autors, lo provençau compren totei lei parlars occitans deis <a href="/wiki/Aups" class="mw-redirect" title="Aups">Aups</a> (dichs <i>aupencs</i> o <i>gavòts</i>), valent a dire lo nòrd de la region de Provença-Aups-Còsta d'Azur (au nòrd de <a href="/wiki/Dinha" title="Dinha">Dinha</a>) e lei <a href="/wiki/Valadas_Occitanas" title="Valadas Occitanas">Valadas Occitanas</a> de l'estat italian. Pasmens, la classificacion pus admesa uei (segon <a href="/wiki/Juli_Ronjat" title="Juli Ronjat">Juli Ronjat</a> e <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8ire_B%C3%A8c" title="Pèire Bèc">Pèire Bèc</a>) agropa lei parlars deis Aups dins l'occitan <a href="/wiki/Vivaroaupenc" title="Vivaroaupenc">vivaroaupenc</a> e non dins lo dialècte provençau. L'inclusion deis parlars deis Aups dins lo provençau s'explica mai per de motius istorics que dialectologics. L'inclusion de la franja de Nimes (e mens encara de la franja costiera de Vidorle) au dialècte provençau empacha pas lo caractèr de transicion que ten aquela zona amb lo domeni lengadocian. </p><p>Obviament existisson de franjas de transicion entre lei dialèctes provençau e <a href="/wiki/Vivaroaupenc" title="Vivaroaupenc">vivaroaupenc</a> que lei dialectològs an costuma d'atribuir au vivaroaupenc: sud de <a href="/wiki/Droma_(departament)" title="Droma (departament)">Droma</a> (dicha <i>Droma Provençala</i>), region de <a href="/wiki/Dinha" title="Dinha">Dinha</a>, aut <a href="/wiki/Pa%C3%ADs_Ni%C3%A7ard" class="mw-redirect" title="País Niçard">País Niçard</a>. Per còntra la zona dicha <i>bas-aupenca</i>, immediatament au sud de Dinha e anant de <a href="/wiki/Forcauquier" title="Forcauquier">Forcauquier</a> a <a href="/wiki/Castelana" title="Castelana">Castelana</a>, es pus provençala que vivaroaupenca, maugrat la preséncia de trachs vivaroaupencs. </p><p>I a tanben una transicion dau provençau vèrs lo <a href="/wiki/Lengadocian" title="Lengadocian">lengadocian</a> dins l'extrèm sud-èst d'<a href="/wiki/Ardecha_(departament)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ardecha (departament)">Ardecha</a> e a l'oèst de <a href="/wiki/Nimes" title="Nimes">Nimes</a> (au pè dei <a href="/wiki/Cevenas" title="Cevenas">Cevenas</a> e vèrs <a href="/wiki/Vidorle" title="Vidorle">Vidorle</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classificacion_dau_provençau"><span id="Classificacion_dau_proven.C3.A7au"></span>Classificacion dau provençau</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proven%C3%A7au&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modificar la seccion : Classificacion dau provençau" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proven%C3%A7au&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Classificacion dau provençau"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Segon <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8ire_B%C3%A8c" title="Pèire Bèc">Pèire Bèc</a> (1995), lei dialèctes provençau e <a href="/wiki/Lengadocian" title="Lengadocian">lengadocian</a> forman un ensems <b>sud-occitan</b> (o <i>occitan meridionau</i>), que se distinguís dau <b>nòrd-occitan</b> (<a href="/wiki/Vivaroaupenc" title="Vivaroaupenc">vivaroaupenc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auvernhat" title="Auvernhat">auvernhat</a> e <a href="/wiki/Lemosin_(dial%C3%A8cte)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemosin (dialècte)">lemosin</a>) e de l'occitan <b><a href="/wiki/Gascon" title="Gascon">gascon</a></b>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fonetica">Fonetica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proven%C3%A7au&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modificar la seccion : Fonetica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proven%C3%A7au&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Fonetica"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La màger partida dei diferéncias entre provençal e <a href="/wiki/Lengadocian" title="Lengadocian">lengadocian</a> son de conservacions e tanben d'innovacions foneticas. </p><p>Una part dei caracteristicas lingüisticas d'aquesta varietat occitana ja se manifèstan a l'Edat Mejana e una autra part se consolida a partir dau sègle XVII: </p> <ul><li>Vocalizacion dei <i>-l</i> en fin de sillaba en [w] (<i>fil</i> > <i>fiu</i>, <i>mèl</i> > <i>mèu</i>, <i>sal</i> > <i>sau</i>, <i>martèl</i> > <i>martèu</i>).</li> <li>Vocalizacion frequenta (mai non sistematica) de <i>-lh</i> en [w] (<i>solelh</i> > <i>soleu</i>).</li></ul> <p>Leis autrei trachs se fan visibles a partir dau sègle XVII: </p> <ul><li>Amudiment dei consonantas finalas (e subretot quauquei marcas gramaticalas coma leis <i>-s</i> dau plurau dei noms e adjectius, que despareisson o que dins certanei cas se substituisson per la terminason <i>-ei(s)</i> prononciada <small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">[ej(z)/i(z)]</a></span>. En <a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A7ard" title="Niçard">niçard</a> pasmens utilizan lei terminasons <i>-u/-i</i>. Ansin la forma occitana mai estenduda <i>los amics, las amigas</i> se ditz en provençau generau <i>leis amics, leis amigas</i> e en niçard <i>lu amics, li amigui</i>.</li> <li><i>-es</i> final post-tonic es realizat [es] dins los vèrbes conjugats <i>tenes</i> [t'enes], mas [e] en los autres cas <i>son paures</i> [sump'awɾe].</li></ul> <p>Rapòrt au <a href="/wiki/Lengadocian" title="Lengadocian">lengadocian</a> (mai amb una larga zòna d'interferéncia), lo provençau se caracteriza per: </p> <ul><li>Un article definit plurau epicèn (qu'a la mesma forma au masculin coma au femenin) <i>lei</i> <small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">[lej/li]</a></span> (<i>leis</i> <small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">[lejz/liz]</a></span> davant una vocala). Tanben tota una seria de mots coneisson la terminason epicèna <i>-ei (-eis)</i>: d'adjectius possessius <i>(mei, tei, sei)</i>, d'adjectius demostratius, exclamatius o interrogatius <i>(aquelei, aquestei)</i>, de pronoms personaus <i>(elei)</i>, d'adjectius e de pronoms indefinits <i>(quauquei, d'unei)</i>, e en generau, les adjectius plaçats davant lo nom que transforman <i>-e</i> e <i>-a</i> finalas dau singular en <i>-ei</i> au plurau <i>(un brave amic, de braveis amics; una granda taula, de grandei taulas)</i>.</li> <li>La <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diftongason&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diftongason (la pagina existís pas)">Diftongason</a> de o > ue (<i>luec</i>, <i>fuec</i> (o <i>fuòc</i>), <i>pueg</i>, <i>fuelha</i> per los <a href="/wiki/Lengadocian" title="Lengadocian">lengadocians</a> <i>luòc</i>, <i>fuòc</i>, <i>puèg</i> (<i>puòg</i>), <i>fuèlha</i> (<i>fuòlha</i>), mas <i>buòu</i>, <i>muòu/muòl</i> dins los dos dialèctes. <ul><li>Lo niçard, en luòc de <i>-ei (-eis)</i>, possedís un sistèma amb lei terminasons <i>-u</i> au masculin plurau e <i>-i</i> au femenin plurau.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>La casuda dei consonantas oclusivas finalas, levat en niçard.</li></ul> <ul><li>La vocalizacion de la <i>-l</i> finala en <i>-u</i>.</li></ul> <ul><li>Lo manten de l'oposicion <i>v/b</i>.</li></ul> <ul><li>Lo manten de la <i>-n</i> finala etimologica amb la nasalizacion parciala de la vocala precedenta.</li></ul> <p><br /> Rapòrt au <a href="/wiki/Vivaroaupenc" title="Vivaroaupenc">vivaroaupenc</a>, lo provençau se caracteriza per: </p> <ul><li>Lo manten deis -d- intervocalicas: <i>parlada</i> còntra <i>parlaa</i>.</li></ul> <ul><li>Una primiera persona dau singular en <i>-e</i> o <i>-i</i> còntra <i>-o</i> en vivaroaupenc</li></ul> <ul><li>L'abséncia de palatalizacion dei grops latins <i>ka-</i>/<i>ga-</i> (amb excepcion de quauquei manlèus probables a aqueu dialècte coma <i>chausir</i>, <i>chabir</i>, etc.).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classificacions_sosdialectalas">Classificacions sosdialectalas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proven%C3%A7au&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modificar la seccion : Classificacions sosdialectalas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proven%C3%A7au&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Classificacions sosdialectalas"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lo provençau se classifica ansin: </p> <ul><li>Lo <b>provençau generau</b> compren doas varietats fòrça similaras: <ul><li>Lo <b>provençau rodanenc</b>. S'esten a l'èst dau departament de <a href="/wiki/Gard_(departament)" title="Gard (departament)">Gard</a> (vèrs <a href="/wiki/Nimes" title="Nimes">Nimes</a>), lo departament de <a href="/wiki/Vauclusa_(departament)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vauclusa (departament)">Vauclusa</a> (vèrs <a href="/wiki/Avinhon" title="Avinhon">Avinhon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aurenja" title="Aurenja">Aurenja</a>) e a l'oèst dau departament dei <a href="/wiki/Bocas_de_R%C3%B2se" title="Bocas de Ròse">Bocas de Ròse</a> (<a href="/wiki/Arle" title="Arle">Arle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camarga" title="Camarga">Camarga</a>). Lei "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Josieus_dau_Papa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josieus dau Papa (la pagina existís pas)">josieus dau Papa</a>", comunautats josievas d'Avinhon e dau <a href="/wiki/Comtat_Venaicin" title="Comtat Venaicin">Comtat Venaicin</a> desvolopèron un sosdialècte <a href="/wiki/Judeoproven%C3%A7au" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeoprovençau">judeoprovençau</a> especific (tanben nomenat <a href="/wiki/Shuadit" title="Shuadit">shuadit</a> o <a href="/wiki/Judeooccitan" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeooccitan">judeooccitan</a>). Lei caracteristicas pròprias dau rodanenc: <ul><li><i>Morfologia:</i> <ul><li>La desinéncia de 1a persona au present de l'indicatiu es <i>-e (cante)</i>.</li> <li>L'article definit plurau <i>lei(s)</i> se pronóncia puslèu <small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">[li(z)]</a></span> e d'autrei terminasons dau plurau s'acaban tanben per <i>-ei(s)</i> <small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">[i(z)]</a></span>.</li> <li>Lei pronoms seguents an la forma occitana generala <i>me, te, se</i>.</li></ul></li> <li><i>Fonetica:</i> <ul><li>Abséncia de diftongason de <i>ò</i> realizada <small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">[ɔ]</a></span> <i>(bòn, pònt...)</i>.</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Lo <b>provençau maritim</b> (o <i>centrau</i> o <i>mediterranèu</i>). La sieuna extension es dins l'èst dei <a href="/wiki/Bocas_de_R%C3%B2se" title="Bocas de Ròse">Bocas de Ròse</a> (vèrs <a href="/wiki/Selon_de_Proven%C3%A7a" class="mw-redirect" title="Selon de Provença">Selon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ais_de_Proven%C3%A7a" class="mw-redirect" title="Ais de Provença">Ais de Provença</a> e <a href="/wiki/Marselha" title="Marselha">Marselha</a>), lo departament de <a href="/wiki/Var_(departament)" title="Var (departament)">Var</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tolon" title="Tolon">Tolon</a>...) e l'oèst deis <a href="/wiki/Aups_Maritims" title="Aups Maritims">Aups Maritims</a> (vèrs <a href="/wiki/Canas" title="Canas">Canas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%ADbol" title="Antíbol">Antíbol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grassa" title="Grassa">Grassa</a> e <a href="/wiki/Canha_de_Mar" title="Canha de Mar">Canha de Mar</a>). Lo sud deis <a href="/wiki/Aups_d%27Auta_Proven%C3%A7a" class="mw-redirect" title="Aups d'Auta Provença">Aups d'Auta Provença</a>, vèrs <a href="/wiki/Forcauquier" title="Forcauquier">Forcauquier</a> e <a href="/wiki/Castelana" title="Castelana">Castelana</a>, coneis una transicion doça entre lo provençau maritim e lo <a href="/wiki/Vivaroaupenc" title="Vivaroaupenc">vivaroaupenc</a>, (aqueu d'aquí que comença a partir de <a href="/wiki/Dinha" title="Dinha">Dinha</a>). Lei caracteristicas dau maritim son: <ul><li><i>Morfologia:</i> <ul><li>La desinéncia de 1a persona au present de l'indicatiu es <i>-i (canti)</i>. Mai es <i>-o (canto/chanto)</i> dins la zona de transicion vèrs lo vivaroaupenc.</li> <li>L'article plurau <i>lei(s)</i> se pronóncia puslèu <small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">[lej(z)]</a></span> e d'autrei terminasons dau plurau s'acaban tanben per <i>-ei(s)</i> <small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">[ej(z)]</a></span>.</li> <li>Lei pronoms seguents an la forma <i>mi, ti, si</i> (en luòc de <i>me, te, se</i>).</li></ul></li> <li><i>Fonetica:</i> <ul><li>Preséncia de diftongs amb <i>ò</i> realizat <small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">[wɔ/we/wa]</a></span> <i>(bòn, pònt...)</i>.</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Lo <b>provençau <a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A7ard" title="Niçard">niçard</a></b> se parla dins la bassa <a href="/wiki/Comtat_de_Ni%C3%A7a" title="Comtat de Niça">Comtat de Niça</a> e a <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3negue" title="Mónegue">Mónegue</a> (l'auta Comtat de Niça es de dialècte <a href="/wiki/Vivaroaupenc" title="Vivaroaupenc">vivaroaupenc</a> e la Vau de Ròia es de dialècte <a href="/wiki/Roiasc" class="mw-redirect" title="Roiasc">roiasc</a>). D'unei que i a pensan que se tracta d'un dialècte distint dau provençau, per de rasons pus culturalas que non pas dialectologicas. Pron particular, lo niçard se caracteriza per: <ul><li><i>Morfologia:</i> <ul><li>La desinéncia de 1a persona au present de l'indicatiu qu'es <i>-i (canti)</i>. Mai es <i>-o (canto/chanto)</i> dins la zona de transicion vèrs lo vivaroaupenc e tanben dins lo parlar <a href="/wiki/Mentonasc" title="Mentonasc">mentonasc</a>.</li> <li>La terminason <i>-s</i> dau plurau s'es amudida e explica, dins certanei cas, l'aparicion de formas nòvas dau plurau masculin amb <i>-u</i> e dau plurau femenin amb <i>-i</i> (correspondent amb <i>-ei(s)</i> dau provençau generau). Ansin: la forma occitana generala <i>los amics, las amigas</i> se ditz en niçard <i>lu amics, li amigui</i> (mai en provençau generau: <i>leis amics, leis amigas</i>).</li> <li>Lei pronoms seguents an la forma <i>mi, ti, si</i> (en luòc de <i>me, te, se</i>).</li></ul></li> <li><i>Fonetica:</i> <ul><li>La conservacion de la <i>-a</i> finala atòna prononciada <small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">[a]</a></span> (en luòc de <small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">[ɔ]</a></span> coma en provençau generau).</li> <li>Preséncia de diftongs amb <i>ò</i> realizat <small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">[wɔ/wa]</a></span> <i>(bòn, pònt...)</i>.</li> <li>Una tendéncia a conservar de mots proparoxitòns o esdrúchols, valent a dire amb l'accent tonic sus l'avantavantdarriera sillaba (en luòc de lei transformar en mots paroxitòns o plans amb l'accent tonic sus l'avantdarriera sillaba, coma en occitan generau). Ansin: <i>dim<u>é</u>negue</i> (en luòc de <i>dim<u>e</u>nge</i>), <i>p<u>à</u>gina</i> (en luòc de <i>pag<u>i</u>na</i>).</li> <li>La pronóncia de la majoritat dei consonantas finalas (en luòc de leis amudir coma en provençau generau). Pasmens la terminason <i>-s</i> dau plurau s'es amudida.</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Lo <b><a href="/wiki/Vivaroaupenc" title="Vivaroaupenc">vivaroaupenc</a></b>, dempuei lo nòrd de <a href="/wiki/Vivar%C3%A9s" title="Vivarés">Vivarés</a> fins ais <a href="/wiki/Aups" class="mw-redirect" title="Aups">Aups</a>, qu'es en realitat un dialècte distint dau provençau segon lei classificacions uei pron acceptadas dei lingüistas <a href="/wiki/Juli_Ronjat" title="Juli Ronjat">Juli Ronjat</a> e <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8ire_B%C3%A8c" title="Pèire Bèc">Pèire Bèc</a>. Pertanh au nòrd-occitan (ten <i>cha</i> en luòc de <i>ca</i> e <i>ja</i> en luòc de <i>ga</i>...).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Codificacion_e_estandardizacion">Codificacion e estandardizacion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proven%C3%A7au&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modificar la seccion : Codificacion e estandardizacion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proven%C3%A7au&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Codificacion e estandardizacion"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Existisson dos sistèmas normatius concurrents a causa de la dura situacion de <a href="/wiki/Diglossia" title="Diglossia">diglossia</a> en fàcia dau francés: </p> <ul><li>La <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B2rma_classica" title="Nòrma classica">nòrma classica</a>, desvolopada particularament per <a href="/wiki/Rob%C3%A8rt_Lafont" title="Robèrt Lafont">Robèrt Lafont</a>, unitària dins l'ensems occitan, que s'acòsta deis us pus tradicionaus dau provençau, deis autrei dialèctes occitans, de l'occitan ancian e tanben dau catalan.</li> <li>La <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B2rma_mistralenca" title="Nòrma mistralenca">nòrma mistralenca</a>, utilizada particularament per <a href="/wiki/Frederic_Mistral" title="Frederic Mistral">Frederic Mistral</a>, mai mens unitària, pauc tradicionala e que s'acòsta deis us francés.</li></ul> <p>Dins lei doas nòrmas, existisson de tendéncias favorablas a una estandardizacion dau provençau, basada sus la koinè literària iniciada per lo <a href="/wiki/Felibritge" title="Felibritge">Felibritge</a> dempuei lo mitan dau sègle XIX e pron convergenta amb leis autrei koinès regionalas de l'occitan. Ansin se dessenhan doas varietats regionalas de l'<a href="/wiki/Occitan_larg" class="mw-redirect" title="Occitan larg">occitan larg</a>: lo <i>provençau generau</i> e lo <i>provençau niçard</i> (a causa dau particularisme culturau fòrt de la <a href="/wiki/Comtat_de_Ni%C3%A7a" title="Comtat de Niça">Comtat de Niça</a>). Totun tanben i a de tendéncias que defendon lo localisme exacerbat e que refusan (o desestabilizan) la codificacion a respècte dei doas nòrmas. </p> <center> <table class="wikitable" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Comparason entre lei doas nòrmas existentas en occitan provençau (extrach de la Declaracion Universala dei Drechs Umans) <p><small>Un tablèu mai complet de totei lei nòrmas de l'occitan se pòt consultar a l'article <a href="/wiki/Occitan#Grafia" title="Occitan">occitan</a>.</small> </p> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B2rma_classica" title="Nòrma classica">Nòrma classica</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B2rma_mistralenca" title="Nòrma mistralenca">Nòrma mistralenca</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #f9f9f9;"><b>Provençau generau</b><br /> <p>Totei lei personas naisson liuras e egalas en dignitat e en drech. Son dotadas de rason e de consciéncia e li cau (/fau) agir entre elei amb un esperit de frairesa. <br /> <br /> <b>Provençau <a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A7ard" title="Niçard">niçard</a></b><br /> Toti li personas naisson liuri e egali en dignitat e en drech. Son dotadi de rason e de consciéncia e li cau agir entre eli emb un esperit de frairesa. </p> </td> <td style="background: #f9f9f9;"><b>Provençau generau</b><br /> <p>Tóuti li persouno naisson libro e egalo en dignita e en dre. Soun doutado de resoun e de counsciènci e li fau agi entre éli em' un esperit de freiresso. <br /> <br /> <b>Provençau <a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A7ard" title="Niçard">niçard</a></b><br /> Touti li persouna naisson liéuri e egali en dignità e en drech. Soun doutadi de rasoun e de counsciència e li cau agì entre eli em' un esperit de frairessa. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> </center> <center> <table class="wikitable" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Autra comparason </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B2rma_classica" title="Nòrma classica">Nòrma classica</a> (transcripcion) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B2rma_mistralenca" title="Nòrma mistralenca">Nòrma mistralenca</a> (originau) </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #f9f9f9;"><i>Mirèlha, Cant I</i> (F. Mistral) <p>Cante una chata de Provença. </p><p>Dins leis amors de sa jovença, </p><p>A travèrs de la Crau, vèrs la mar, dins lei blats, </p><p><i>Umble</i> [Umil] escolan dau grand <i>Omèra</i> [Omèr], </p><p>Ieu la vòle seguir. Coma èra </p><p>Ren qu'una chata de la tèrra, </p><p>En fòra de la Crau se n'es gaire parlat. </p> </td> <td style="border: 1px #aaa solid;background: #f9f9f9;"><i>Mirèio, Cant I (F. Mistral)</i> <p>Cante uno chato de Prouvènço. </p><p>Dins lis amour de sa jouvènço, </p><p>A travès de la Crau, vers la mar, dins li blad, </p><p>Umble escoulan dóu grand Oumèro, </p><p>Iéu la vole segui. Coume èro </p><p>Rèn qu'uno chato de la terro, </p><p>En foro de la Crau se n'es gaire parla. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> </center> <p>Se remarcarà que lei doas nòrmas, en generau, diferisson sistematicament per l'<b>ortografia</b> (notacion dei sòns) mai nòtan quasi exactament la meteissa causa: <i>Cante una chata de Provença</i> e <i>Cante uno chato de Prouvènço</i> se pronóncian parier. <br /> <br /> La <b>nòrma orala</b> (recomandacion dei formas parladas) diferís solament un pauc entre nòrma mistralenca e nòrma classica. Per exemple, certans mots afrancesats son acceptats en nòrma mistralenca (<i>umble/umble</i>, <i>Oumèro/Omèra</i>) mentre que la nòrma classica conselha de leis evitar e de lei remplaçar per de formas occitanas pus autenticas (<i>umil, Omèr</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Secessionisme_lingüistic"><span id="Secessionisme_ling.C3.BCistic"></span>Secessionisme lingüistic</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proven%C3%A7au&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modificar la seccion : Secessionisme lingüistic" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proven%C3%A7au&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Secessionisme lingüistic"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Après fòrça ans de lucha per establir quina grafia caliá far servir per escriure l'occitan provençau, es aparegut una tendéncia secessionista, que refusa d'admetre l'unitat de la lenga occitana, que revendica la nòrma mistralenca, mai non representa pas l'ensems deis usatgiers d'aquela nòrma mistralenca; en mai d'aquò es contrària a la vision unitària de la lenga d'òc de Frederic Mistral. Aqueu <a href="/wiki/Secessionisme_ling%C3%BCistic" title="Secessionisme lingüistic">secessionisme lingüistic</a> apareguèt durant leis ans 1970 (amb Loís Baile) e es estat reactivat dempuei leis ans 1990 per l'universitari Felip Blanchet e per de grops coma l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_Proven%C3%A7ala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Union Provençala (la pagina existís pas)">Union Provençala</a> o lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Collectiu_Proven%C3%A7a&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Collectiu Provença (la pagina existís pas)">Collectiu Provença</a>: en s'apiejant subre una concepcion particulara de l'identitat provençala, afirman que lo provençau seriá una lenga a despart e que caudriá parlar de "lenga<u>s</u> d'òc" au plurau e non d'una sola lenga. Refusan lo tèrme unitari "occitan". Aquela tendéncia es fòrça marginala dins lo domeni de la lingüistica romanica mai es influenta dins quauquei mitans politics e culturaus locaus. Pasmens a pas capitat de convéncer la majoritat dau movement culturau provençau, ni manco la comunautat scientifica dei lingüistas seriós especializats en provençau. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parabòla_de_l'enfant_prodig"><span id="Parab.C3.B2la_de_l.27enfant_prodig"></span>Parabòla de l'enfant prodig</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proven%C3%A7au&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modificar la seccion : Parabòla de l'enfant prodig" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proven%C3%A7au&action=edit&section=7" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Parabòla de l'enfant prodig"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Quauquei jorns après, lo marrit se n'anèt dau vilatge en se gonflant e sensa dire adieu a degun. Traversèt fòrça bosigas, bòscs e ribieras e arribèt dins una granda vila ont despensèt tot largent. Au bot de quauquei mes, cauguèt que vendèsse sa farda a una vièlha e se loguèt per vailet. Lo mandèron per lei camps gardar leis ases e lei buòus.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vejatz_tanben">Vejatz tanben</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proven%C3%A7au&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modificar la seccion : Vejatz tanben" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proven%C3%A7au&action=edit&section=8" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Vejatz tanben"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A7ard" title="Niçard">Niçard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nimesenc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nimesenc (la pagina existís pas)">Nimesenc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentonasc" title="Mentonasc">Mentonasc</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rodan%C3%A9s_(sosdial%C3%A8cte)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rodanés (sosdialècte) (la pagina existís pas)">Rodanés (sosdialècte)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roiasc" class="mw-redirect" title="Roiasc">Roiasc</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proven%C3%A7au&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modificar la seccion : Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proven%C3%A7au&action=edit&section=9" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Bibliografia"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>AVRIL J.T. (1839) <i>Dictionnaire provençal-français suivi d’un vocabulaire français-provençal</i> [reed. 1991, Nimes: Lacour]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8ire_B%C3%A8c" title="Pèire Bèc">BÈC Pèire</a> = BEC Pierre (1995) <i>La langue occitane,</i> coll. Que sais-je? n° 1059, París: Presses Universitaires de France [1a ed. 1963]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joan_Daniel_Beszonoff_Montalat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joan Daniel Beszonoff Montalat (la pagina existís pas)">BEZSONOFF</a> <i>Diccionari occitan provençal-català</i>, Llibres de l'Índex, 2015]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joan_Baptista_Calvino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joan Baptista Calvino (la pagina existís pas)">CALVINO Joan Batista</a> (1905) = CALVINO Jean-Baptiste, <i>Nouveau dictionnaire niçois-français,</i> Niça: Imprimerie des Alpes Maritimes [reed. 1993 amb lo títol: <i>Dictionnaire niçois-français, français-niçois,</i> Nimes: Lacour]</li> <li>BOISGONTIER Jacme (1981-86) (collab. Loís MICHEL, Joan Maria PETIT) = BOISGONTIER Jacques (collab. Louis MICHEL, Jean-Marie PETIT) <i>Atlas linguistique et ethnographique du Languedoc oriental [ALLOr],</i> París: CNRS, 3 vol.</li> <li>BOUVIER Joan Glaudi, & MARTÈL Clàudia (1975-1986) = BOUVIER Jean-Claude, & MARTEL Claude, <i>Atlas linguistique et ethnographique de la Provence [ALP]</i>, París: CNRS</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B2rdi_Castelana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jòrdi Castelana (la pagina existís pas)">CASTELANA Jòrdi</a> (1947) = CASTELLANA Georges, <i>Dictionnaire niçois-français</i> [reed. 2001, Niça: Serre]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C3%B2rdi_Castelana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jòrdi Castelana (la pagina existís pas)">CASTELANA Jòrdi</a> (1952) = CASTELLANA Georges, <i>Dictionnaire français-niçois</i> [reed. 2001, Niça: Serre]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrieu_Companh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrieu Companh (la pagina existís pas)">COMPANH Andrieu ‹COMPAN Andriéu›</a> (1965) = COMPAN André, <i>Grammaire niçoise</i> [reed. 1981, Niça: Serre]</li> <li>COPIER Juli (1995) = COUPIER Jules, <i>Dictionnaire français-provençal / ‹Diciounàri francés-prouvençau› [Diccionari francés-provençau]</i>, Ais de Provença: Association Dictionnaire Français-Provençal / Edisud</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xavier_de_Forviera" title="Xavier de Forviera">FORVIERAS Xavier de ‹FOURVIERO Savié de›</a> (1899) = FOURVIÈRES Xavier de, <i>Grammaire provençale et guide de conversation</i> [reed. 1973, Avinhon: Aubanel] [mai d’una reedicion: Culture Provençale et Méridionale, Aubéron]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob%C3%A8rt_Lafont" title="Robèrt Lafont">LAFONT Robèrt</a> (1951) <i>Phonétique et graphie du provençal: essai d’adaptation de la réforme linguistique occitane aux parlers de Provence,</i> Tolosa: Institut d’Études Occitanes [reed. 1960] • Actualizat dins Lafont 1972</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rob%C3%A8rt_Lafont" title="Robèrt Lafont">LAFONT Robèrt</a> (1972) <i>L’ortografia occitana, lo provençau,</i> Montpelhièr: Universitat de Montpelhièr III-Centre d’Estudis Occitans • Actualizacion de Lafont 1951</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guiu_Martin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guiu Martin (la pagina existís pas)">MARTIN Guiu</a>, & <a href="/wiki/Bernat_Molin" title="Bernat Molin">MOLIN Bernat</a> (1998) = MARTIN Guy, & MOULIN Bernard, <i>Grammaire provençale et cartes linguistiques,</i> Ais de Provença: Comitat Sestian d’Estudis Occitans / Centre Regionau d’Estudis Occitans-Provença (difusion Edisud)</li> <li>FETTUCIARI Jòrgi, & <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guiu_Martin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guiu Martin (la pagina existís pas)">MARTIN Guiu</a>, & PIETRI Jaume (2003) <i>Dictionnaire provençal-français / Diccionari provençau-francés,</i> Ais de Provença: L’Escomessa / CREO Provença (difusion Edisud)</li> <li>LÈBRE Elias, & <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guiu_Martin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guiu Martin (la pagina existís pas)">MARTIN Guiu</a>, & <a href="/wiki/Bernat_Molin" title="Bernat Molin">MOLIN Bernat</a> (2004) = LÈBRE Élie, & MARTIN Guy, & MOULIN Bernard, <i>Dictionnaire de base français-provençal / Diccionari de basa francés-provençau,</i> Ais de Provença: CREO Provença (difusion Edisud) [1a ed. 1992]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_Mistral" title="Frederic Mistral">MISTRAL Frederic</a> (1879-1886) <i><a href="/wiki/TDF" class="mw-redirect" title="TDF">‹Lou Tresor dóu Felibritge› [Lo Tresaur dau Felibritge]: Dictionnaire provençal-français,</a></i> Ais de Provença: Remondet-Aubin [reed. 1932, París: Delagrave] [reed. 1968, Ais de Provença: ‹Edicioun Ramoun Berenguié› (Edicions Ramon Berenguier)] [reed. 1979, Ais de Provença: Edisud, 2 vol.]</li> <li>PELLAS S.A. (1723) <i>Dictionnaire provençal et français</i> [reed. 1996, Nimes: Lacour]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juli_Ronjat" title="Juli Ronjat">RONJAT Juli</a> = RONJAT Jules (1930-1941), <i>Grammaire istorique [sic] des parlers provençaux modernes,</i> 4 vol. [reed. 1980, Marselha: Laffitte Reprints, 2 vol.]</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ligams_extèrnes"><span id="Ligams_ext.C3.A8rnes"></span>Ligams extèrnes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proven%C3%A7au&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modificar la seccion : Ligams extèrnes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proven%C3%A7au&action=edit&section=10" title="Editar lo còdi de la seccion seguenta: Ligams extèrnes"><span>modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170422190750/http://opinion.jornalet.com/lenga/blog/2165/variacions-foneticas-en-provencau-culte"><i>Variacions foneticas en provençau culte</i>, Domergue Sumien</a></li></ul> <p><br /> <a href="/wiki/Ling%C3%BCistica" title="Lingüistica">Lingüistica</a> > <a href="/wiki/Lenga" title="Lenga">Lenga</a> > <a href="/wiki/Occitan" title="Occitan">Occitan</a> > Provençau </p> <table class="bandeau-categorie" width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="clear:both; margin:0; border:none; background-color:transparent; padding:0"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td width="50%"> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Proven%C3%A7a" title="Portal de Provença"><img alt="Portal de Provença" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Blason_d%27Aragon.svg/22px-Blason_d%27Aragon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Blason_d%27Aragon.svg/33px-Blason_d%27Aragon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Blason_d%27Aragon.svg/44px-Blason_d%27Aragon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Proven%C3%A7a" title="Portal:Provença">Portal de Provença</a></span> </span></li></ul></td> <td width="8" style="padding-left:8px"></td> <td width="50%"><ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Lengas" title="Portal de las lengas"><img alt="Portal de las lengas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Chat_Flat_Icon_GIF_Animation.gif/26px-Chat_Flat_Icon_GIF_Animation.gif" decoding="async" width="26" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Chat_Flat_Icon_GIF_Animation.gif/40px-Chat_Flat_Icon_GIF_Animation.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Chat_Flat_Icon_GIF_Animation.gif/53px-Chat_Flat_Icon_GIF_Animation.gif 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="91" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Lengas" title="Portal:Lengas">Portal de las lengas</a></span> </span></li></ul></td> </tr> </tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Recuperada de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Provençau&oldid=2459806">https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Provençau&oldid=2459806</a> »</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" title="Especial:Categorias">Categorias de la pagina</a> : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P%C3%A0gines_amb_mides_d%27imatge_que_contenen_px_addicionals" title="Categoria:Pàgines amb mides d'imatge que contenen px addicionals">Pàgines amb mides d'imatge que contenen px addicionals</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Article_redigit_en_proven%C3%A7au" title="Categoria:Article redigit en provençau">Article redigit en provençau</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Portal:Proven%C3%A7a/Articles_ligats" title="Categoria:Portal:Provença/Articles ligats">Portal:Provença/Articles ligats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Proven%C3%A7au_(dial%C3%A8cte)" title="Categoria:Provençau (dialècte)">Provençau (dialècte)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Proven%C3%A7a" title="Categoria:Provença">Provença</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorias amagadas : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Paginas_utilizant_d%27arguments_duplicats_dins_los_ap%C3%A8ls_de_mod%C3%A8l" title="Categoria:Paginas utilizant d'arguments duplicats dins los apèls de modèl">Paginas utilizant d'arguments duplicats dins los apèls de modèl</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Refer%C3%A9ncia_qu%27utiliza_lo_mod%C3%A8l_Metaligam_cap_a_portal" title="Categoria:Referéncia qu'utiliza lo modèl Metaligam cap a portal">Referéncia qu'utiliza lo modèl Metaligam cap a portal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Portal:Occit%C3%A0nia/Articles_ligats" title="Categoria:Portal:Occitània/Articles ligats">Portal:Occitània/Articles ligats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Portal:Lengas/Articles_ligats" title="Categoria:Portal:Lengas/Articles ligats">Portal:Lengas/Articles ligats</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Aquela pagina es estada modificada pel darrièr còp lo 6 genièr de 2025 a 14.06.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span style="white-space: normal"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Drech_d%27autor" title="Wikipèdia:Drech d'autor">Drech d'autor</a> : Los tèxtes son disponibles jos <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr">licéncia Creative Commons paternitat pertatge a l’identic</a> ; d’autras condicions se pòdon aplicar. Vejatz las <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">condicions d’utilizacion</a> per mai de detalhs, e mai los credits grafics.<br /> Wikipedia® es una marca depausada de la <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, organizacion de benfasença regida pel paragraf 501(c)(3) del còde fiscal dels Estats Units.</span><br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy/fr">Politica de confidencialitat</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Avertiments_generals">Avertiments</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Còdi de conducta</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Desvolopaires</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/oc.wikipedia.org">Estatisticas</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Declaracion suls cookies</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//oc.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Proven%C3%A7au&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Afichatge mobil</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Recercar</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Recercar sus Wikipèdia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Especial:Recèrca"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Recercar</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Somari" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Provençau</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>44 lengas</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Apondre un subjècte</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.eqiad.main-d6f4c4464-tgbtb","wgBackendResponseTime":192,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.213","walltime":"0.309","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4736,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":55536,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":7240,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":4910,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 249.396 1 -total"," 65.50% 163.363 1 Modèl:Infobox_Lenga"," 64.28% 160.319 1 Modèl:Infobox_General"," 53.59% 133.649 1 Modèl:Infotaula/core"," 22.36% 55.766 1 Modèl:Multibendèl"," 19.86% 49.522 2 Modèl:Metaligam_cap_a_portal"," 18.88% 47.089 1 Modèl:Portal_Provença"," 16.74% 41.760 1 Modèl:Estatut_lenga"," 15.97% 39.829 1 Modèl:Estatut_lenga/formatglobal"," 12.91% 32.191 2 Modèl:Seguiment_de_las_biografias"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.049","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":2749584,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-5d54b65dd4-qrsn6","timestamp":"20250227165528","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Proven\u00e7au","url":"https:\/\/oc.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Proven%C3%A7au","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q241243","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q241243","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributeurs aux projets Wikimedia"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Fondation Wikimedia, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-09-25T16:16:25Z","dateModified":"2025-01-06T14:06:24Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/f2\/Occitan_proven%C3%A7al.png","headline":"dial\u00e8cte de la lenga occitana"}</script> </body> </html>