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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-On_his_time_in_the_Levant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#On_his_time_in_the_Levant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>On his time in the Levant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-On_his_time_in_the_Levant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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Gouraud</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88" title="هنري غورو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هنري غورو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Gouraud" title="Henri Gouraud – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Henri Gouraud" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Gouraud_(General)" title="Henri Gouraud (General) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Henri Gouraud (General)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88" title="هانری گورو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هانری گورو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Gouraud_(g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral)" title="Henri Gouraud (général) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Henri Gouraud (général)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%AB_%D4%BA%D5%B8%D5%A6%D5%A5%D6%86_%D4%B7%D5%AA%D5%A5%D5%B6_%D4%B3%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%B8" title="Անրի Ժոզեֆ Էժեն Գուրո – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Անրի Ժոզեֆ Էժեն Գուրո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Gouraud" title="Henri Gouraud – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Henri Gouraud" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Gouraud" title="Henri Gouraud – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Henri Gouraud" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%95" title="אנרי גורו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנרי גורו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%89_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88" title="هنرى جورو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هنرى جورو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Gouraud_(comandante_militar)" title="Henri Gouraud (comandante militar) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Henri Gouraud (comandante militar)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE,_%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%96%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%84" title="Гуро, Анри Жозеф – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гуро, Анри Жозеф" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri-Joseph-Eug%C3%A8ne_Gouraud" title="Henri-Joseph-Eugène Gouraud – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Henri-Joseph-Eugène Gouraud" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Gouraud_(milit%C3%A4r)" title="Henri Gouraud (militär) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Henri Gouraud (militär)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Gouraud" title="Henri Gouraud – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Henri Gouraud" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E5%8F%A4%E7%BE%85" title="亨利·古羅 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="亨利·古羅" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2572143#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Henri Gouraud</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Proprieted%27AlbertKahn-Boulogne-FranceLeGeneralHenriGouraud_A19033.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Proprieted%27AlbertKahn-Boulogne-FranceLeGeneralHenriGouraud_A19033.jpg/220px-Proprieted%27AlbertKahn-Boulogne-FranceLeGeneralHenriGouraud_A19033.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Proprieted%27AlbertKahn-Boulogne-FranceLeGeneralHenriGouraud_A19033.jpg/330px-Proprieted%27AlbertKahn-Boulogne-FranceLeGeneralHenriGouraud_A19033.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Proprieted%27AlbertKahn-Boulogne-FranceLeGeneralHenriGouraud_A19033.jpg/440px-Proprieted%27AlbertKahn-Boulogne-FranceLeGeneralHenriGouraud_A19033.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1333" data-file-height="1777" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Autochrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Autochrome">Autochrome</a> portrait by <a href="/wiki/Auguste_L%C3%A9on" class="mw-redirect" title="Auguste Léon">Auguste Léon</a>, 1919</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Military_governor_of_Paris" title="Military governor of Paris">Military governor of Paris</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1923–1937</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Berdoulat" title="Pierre Berdoulat">Pierre Berdoulat</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Billotte" title="Gaston Billotte">Gaston Billotte</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/High_Commissioner_of_the_Levant" title="High Commissioner of the Levant">High Commissioner of the Levant</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />9 October 1919 – 23 November 1922</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_de_Caix&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert de Caix (page does not exist)">Robert de Caix</a> (acting)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Henri Joseph Eugène Gouraud</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1867-11-17</span>)</span>17 November 1867<br /><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">Second French Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">16 September 1946<span style="display:none">(1946-09-16)</span> (aged 78)<br />Paris, <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_French_Republic" title="Provisional Government of the French Republic">Provisional Government of the French Republic</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><span data-sort-value="France"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">France</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/French_Army" title="French Army">French Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1890–1937</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Army_General_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Army General (France)">Général d'Armée</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Commands</th><td class="infobox-data">10th Infantry Division<br /><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Army_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth Army (France)">Fourth Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mandingo_Wars" title="Mandingo Wars">Mandingo Wars</a><br /><a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Franco-Turkish_War" title="Franco-Turkish War">Franco-Turkish War</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Franco-Syrian_War" title="Franco-Syrian War">Franco-Syrian War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Henri Joseph Eugène Gouraud</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[ɡuʁo]</a></span>; 17 November 1867 – 16 September 1946) was a <a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">French</a> general, best known for his leadership of the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Army_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth Army (France)">French Fourth Army</a> at the end of the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>. Following this, he became the first <a href="/wiki/High_Commissioner_of_the_Levant" title="High Commissioner of the Levant">High Commissioner of the Levant</a> (1919–1922) then <a href="/wiki/Military_governor_of_Paris" title="Military governor of Paris">Military governor of Paris</a> (1923–1937). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_Gouraud&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Henri Gouraud was born on Rue de Grenelle in the <a href="/wiki/7th_arrondissement_of_Paris" title="7th arrondissement of Paris">7th arrondissement of Paris</a> to Doctor Xavier Gouraud and Marie Portal, the first of six children. The Gouraud family originally came from <a href="/wiki/Vend%C3%A9e" title="Vendée">Vendée</a>, but had left during the French Revolution for <a href="/wiki/Angers" title="Angers">Angers</a>, then Paris. Gouraud was educated at home and at the <a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_Stanislas_de_Paris" title="Collège Stanislas de Paris">Collège Stanislas de Paris</a>. His decision for a military career was, like many Frenchmen of his generation, motivated by the French defeat in the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a> (1870–1871). </p><p>Gouraud entered the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_sp%C3%A9ciale_militaire_de_Saint-Cyr" title="École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr">Saint Cyr Military Academy</a> in 1888 as part of the "Grand Triomphe" promotion, a well-chosen name as it included sixty future generals. He graduated in 1890 and joined the <a href="/wiki/Troupes_de_marine" title="Troupes de marine">Troupes de marine</a>. He expected to be posted overseas as the Troupes de marine served in the <a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">French colonial empire</a>, but his father objected because he feared that the marines would be a bad influence on his son. Gouraud respected his father's wish and was instead posted to the 21st Foot Chasseur Regiment at <a href="/wiki/Montb%C3%A9liard" title="Montbéliard">Montbéliard</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Africa">Africa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_Gouraud&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Henri Gouraud was assigned in 1894 to <a href="/wiki/French_Sudan" title="French Sudan">French Sudan</a>. He developed a reputation as an effective if lucky commander. In 1898, he was ordered to head one of a number of units fighting <a href="/wiki/Samori" class="mw-redirect" title="Samori">Samori</a>, the resistance leader who had been fighting the French for more than a decade. Driven into the highlands south of <a href="/wiki/Niger_River" title="Niger River">Niger River</a> valley by a series of previous defeats, Samori's forces were defeated within the year. On 29 September 1898, Gouraud's unit stumbled upon Samori's encampment and captured him.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More importantly, it marked the end of the last large state opposing French colonialism in the West.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The capture of Samori made Henri Gouraud a celebrated figure in France, at the same time as nationalists were recovering from the setback against the British at <a href="/wiki/Fashoda_Incident" title="Fashoda Incident">Fashoda</a>. The young captain was feted in the highest political circles of Paris, where he was introduced to powerful businessmen and politicians with interests in the colonial project. Among them were <a href="/wiki/Auguste_d%27Arenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Auguste d'Arenberg">Auguste d'Arenberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_%C3%89tienne" title="Eugène Étienne">Eugène Étienne</a>, future founders of what was called the "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_colonial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti colonial (page does not exist)">parti colonial</a>". Thanks to the patronage of the "parti colonial", Henri Gouraud pursued a career across French Africa for the next fifteen years, with postings in <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a>, Chad and <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a>. In 1907, he was promoted to colonel and <i>commissaire du Gouvernement général</i> of Mauritania, where he led a campaign against Bedouin tribes who threatened transport between the colonies of <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa" title="French West Africa">French West Africa</a>. </p><p>In 1911, after attending the <i>centre des Hautes études militaires</i> in France, colonel Gouraud was stationed in <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a>, where he was promoted to <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_de_brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="Général de brigade">général de brigade</a>, serving under <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Lyautey" title="Hubert Lyautey">Lyautey</a>. He was placed in command of the <a href="/wiki/Fes,_Morocco" class="mw-redirect" title="Fes, Morocco">Fez</a> military region, and from 1914 to 1915 in command of all French colonial troops in western Morocco. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="World_War_I">World War I</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_Gouraud&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: World War I"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In mid-1915 he served as commander of the <a href="/wiki/Corps_exp%C3%A9ditionnaire_d%27Orient" title="Corps expéditionnaire d'Orient">French Expeditionary Corps</a> that was committed to the <a href="/wiki/Gallipoli_campaign" title="Gallipoli campaign">Dardanelles campaign</a>. He was wounded on 30 June,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and subsequently lost his right arm. From December 1915 to December 1916 and from June 1917 until the end of the war he commanded the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Army_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth Army (France)">Fourth Army</a> on the Western Front, where he gained distinction for his use of elastic defense during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Marne" title="Second Battle of the Marne">Second Battle of the Marne</a>. On 22 November 1918, he entered the city of <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a>, overthrowing the <a href="/wiki/November_1918_in_Alsace" class="mw-redirect" title="November 1918 in Alsace">Soviet government</a> that had been proclaimed there on 11 November 1918.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="French_Mandate_of_Syria_and_Lebanon">French Mandate of Syria and Lebanon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_Gouraud&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: French Mandate of Syria and Lebanon"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Proclamation_of_the_state_of_Greater_Lebanon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Proclamation_of_the_state_of_Greater_Lebanon.jpg/220px-Proclamation_of_the_state_of_Greater_Lebanon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Proclamation_of_the_state_of_Greater_Lebanon.jpg/330px-Proclamation_of_the_state_of_Greater_Lebanon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Proclamation_of_the_state_of_Greater_Lebanon.jpg/440px-Proclamation_of_the_state_of_Greater_Lebanon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="539" data-file-height="341" /></a><figcaption>Proclamation of the state of Greater Lebanon, Gouraud with Grand Mufti of Beirut Sheikh Mustafa Naja, and on his right is the Maronite Patriarch <a href="/wiki/Elias_Peter_Hoayek" title="Elias Peter Hoayek">Elias Peter Hoayek</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>After the war, Gouraud served from 1919 to 1922 as representative of the French Government in the Middle East and commander of the French <a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Levant" title="Army of the Levant">Army of the Levant</a>. As commander of French forces during the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Turkish_War" title="Franco-Turkish War">Franco-Turkish War</a>, he presided over the creation of the French Mandates in Syria and Lebanon. Following the implementation of the 1916 <a href="/wiki/Sykes-Picot_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Sykes-Picot Agreement">Sykes-Picot Agreement</a>, which divided the occupied remnants of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> between France and Britain, Gouraud was commander of forces sent to enforce the French division of the Levant. </p><p>Between 20 January and 10 February 1920, Gouraud's troops were moved north to support forces in the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Turkish_War" title="Franco-Turkish War">Franco-Turkish War</a>. Gouraud directed the suppression of a rising of <a href="/wiki/Turkish_National_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish National Forces">Turkish National Forces</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marash" title="Battle of Marash">Battle of Marash</a> which led to the withdrawal of French troops back to Syria. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Gouraud_marching_in_Aleppo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/General_Gouraud_marching_in_Aleppo.jpg/220px-General_Gouraud_marching_in_Aleppo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/General_Gouraud_marching_in_Aleppo.jpg/330px-General_Gouraud_marching_in_Aleppo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/General_Gouraud_marching_in_Aleppo.jpg/440px-General_Gouraud_marching_in_Aleppo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="469" /></a><figcaption>General Gouraud crossing through al-Khandaq street on 13 September 1920, <a href="/wiki/Aleppo" title="Aleppo">Aleppo</a></figcaption></figure> <p>There, Gouraud's ongoing attempt to control <a href="/wiki/Faisal_I_of_Iraq" title="Faisal I of Iraq">King Faisal</a> came to a head. Gouraud led French forces which crushed <a href="/wiki/Faisal_I_of_Iraq" title="Faisal I of Iraq">King Faisal</a>'s short-lived monarchy at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maysalun" title="Battle of Maysalun">Battle of Maysalun</a> on 23 July 1920, occupied <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, defeated the forces of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Syrian_Revolt" title="Great Syrian Revolt">Syrian Revolution</a> and established the <a href="/wiki/French_Mandate_of_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="French Mandate of Syria">French Mandate of Syria</a>. These territories were reorganised a number of times by Gouraud's decrees, the most famous being the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Lebanon" title="Greater Lebanon">State of Greater Lebanon</a> on 1 September 1920. Gouraud became the French High Commissioner in Syria and Lebanon, effective head of the colonial government there. </p><p>He is remembered in the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> primarily for this role, and for an <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/apocryphal" class="extiw" title="wikt:apocryphal">apocryphal</a> anecdote. Following the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maysalun" title="Battle of Maysalun">Battle of Maysalun</a>, Gouraud allegedly went to the <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum_of_Saladin" title="Mausoleum of Saladin">Tomb of Saladin</a>, kicked it, and said: “<i>Awake, <a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a>. We have returned. My presence here consecrates the victory of the Cross over the Crescent</i>."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The quote is sometimes attributed to <a href="/wiki/Mariano_Goybet" title="Mariano Goybet">Mariano Goybet</a> instead of Gouraud.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1921_Gouraud_Lebanon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/1921_Gouraud_Lebanon.jpg/220px-1921_Gouraud_Lebanon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/1921_Gouraud_Lebanon.jpg/330px-1921_Gouraud_Lebanon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/1921_Gouraud_Lebanon.jpg/440px-1921_Gouraud_Lebanon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="1898" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Autochrome_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Autochrome Lumière">Autochrome</a> of Gouraud in Syria by <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Gadmer" class="mw-redirect" title="Frédéric Gadmer">Frédéric Gadmer</a>, 1921</figcaption></figure> <p>Gouraud's administration in Syria borrowed much from his time as a young man working under <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Lyautey" title="Hubert Lyautey">Lyautey</a> in Morocco, where colonial policy focused on control of the country through manipulation of tribes, Sufis, and the rural Berber populations.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Syria, this took the form of separate administrations for <a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alawites" title="Alawites">Alawite</a> communities, with the aim of dividing their interests from those of urban nationalists.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Particularly unpopular following the French taking of Damascus, the Syrian nationalist <a href="/wiki/Adham_Khanjar" title="Adham Khanjar">Adham Khanjar</a> of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Lebanon" title="Southern Lebanon">Southern Lebanon</a> staged a failed attempt on Gouraud's life on 23 June 1921. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_years">Later years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_Gouraud&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Later years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KingParis.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/KingParis.jpg/220px-KingParis.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/KingParis.jpg/330px-KingParis.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/KingParis.jpg 2x" data-file-width="381" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Gouraud, as Military Governor of Paris, escorting Canadian Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/William_Lyon_Mackenzie_King" title="William Lyon Mackenzie King">William Lyon Mackenzie King</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Soldier" title="Tomb of the Unknown Soldier">Tomb of the Unknown Soldier</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Arc_de_Triomphe" title="Arc de Triomphe">Arc de Triomphe</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1923, he returned to France, where he was the Military Governor of Paris from 1923 to 1937. He also served on the Supreme Allied War Council from 1927 until his retirement in 1937. General Gouraud died in Paris in 1946. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Decorations">Decorations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_Gouraud&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Decorations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9gion_d%27honneur" class="mw-redirect" title="Légion d'honneur">Légion d'honneur</a></i> <ul><li>Knight (18 October 1898)</li> <li>Officer (31 May 1904)</li> <li>Commander (11 July 1909)</li> <li>Grand Officer (10 August 1914)</li> <li>Grand Cross (28 December 1918)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9daille_militaire" title="Médaille militaire">Médaille militaire</a> (10 July 1915)</li> <li>Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George" title="Order of St Michael and St George">Order of St Michael and St George</a> (United Kingdom, 27 August 1915)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Croix_de_guerre_1914%E2%80%931918_(France)" title="Croix de guerre 1914–1918 (France)">Croix de guerre 1914–1918</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9daille_Interalli%C3%A9e_de_la_Victoire" class="mw-redirect" title="Médaille Interalliée de la Victoire">Médaille Interalliée de la Victoire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9daille_comm%C3%A9morative_de_la_guerre_1914%E2%80%931918" class="mw-redirect" title="Médaille commémorative de la guerre 1914–1918">Médaille commémorative de la guerre 1914–1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9daille_comm%C3%A9morative_de_Syrie-Cilicie" class="mw-redirect" title="Médaille commémorative de Syrie-Cilicie">Médaille commémorative de Syrie-Cilicie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9daille_Coloniale" class="mw-redirect" title="Médaille Coloniale">Médaille Coloniale</a> with "Sénégal et Soudan" "Maroc" "Mauritanie et Adrar" bars</li> <li>Grand Cross of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Ouissam_Alaouite" title="Order of Ouissam Alaouite">Order of Ouissam Alaouite</a> (Morocco)</li> <li>Grand Cordon of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saints_Maurice_and_Lazarus" title="Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus">Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus</a> (Italy)</li> <li>Commander of the Nicham El-Anouar (Tunisia)</li> <li>Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Glory_(Tunisia)" title="Order of Glory (Tunisia)">Nichan Iftikhar</a> (Tunisia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Medal_(U.S._Army)" title="Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army)">Distinguished Service Medal</a> (USA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_White_Lion" title="Order of the White Lion">Order of the White Lion</a> (Czechoslovakia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Kara%C4%91or%C4%91e%27s_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Karađorđe's Star">Order of Karađorđe's Star</a> with swords (Serbia)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Published_works">Published works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_Gouraud&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Published works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>La Pacification de Mauritanie. Journal des marches et opérations de la colonne de l'Adrar</i>, 1910; <i>Souvenirs d'un Africain, Au Soudan</i>, 1939; <i>Zinder-Tchad. Souvenirs d'un Africain</i>, 1944; <i>Mauritanie-Adrar</i>, 1945; <i>Au Maroc</i>, 1946 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_Gouraud&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peugeot_146.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Peugeot_146.jpg/220px-Peugeot_146.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Peugeot_146.jpg/330px-Peugeot_146.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Peugeot_146.jpg/440px-Peugeot_146.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="527" /></a><figcaption>1912 Peugeot 146, Gen. Gourard's staff car</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Paris has a <i><b>Place du Général-Gouraud</b></i> in the 7th arrondissement.</li> <li>A commemorative statue to Général Gouraud stands in a garden next to <a href="/wiki/Les_Invalides" title="Les Invalides">Les Invalides</a>.</li> <li>A massive <a href="/wiki/Atlas_cedar" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlas cedar">cedar</a> tree near the town of <a href="/wiki/Ifrane" title="Ifrane">Ifrane</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Atlas_Mountains" title="Atlas Mountains">Atlas Mountains</a> of <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a> was named for the General; the <i>Gouraud Cedar</i> is considered to be over 800 years old, and was "discovered" by Gouraud's troops during the French campaign against anti-colonial resistance on the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Timahdite_Plateau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timahdite Plateau (page does not exist)">Timahdite Plateau</a> in the years 1917–19.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, the <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A8dre_Gouraud_Forest" title="Cèdre Gouraud Forest">Cèdre Gouraud Forest</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Atlas" title="Middle Atlas">Middle Atlas</a> Mountain Range is named for Gouraud; this forest is one of the few remaining habitats of the <a href="/wiki/Endangered" class="mw-redirect" title="Endangered">endangered</a> <a href="/wiki/Barbary_macaque" title="Barbary macaque">Barbary macaque</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_Gouraud" title="Rue Gouraud">Rue Gouraud</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Achrafieh" title="Achrafieh">Achrafieh</a> district of <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a> is named for the General.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_Gouraud&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://calbears.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1310/is_1984_May/ai_3247486/pg_3">M'Baye Gueye, Albert Adu Boahen. West Africa; the fight for survival – a continent resists colonization</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged May 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>. UNESCO Courier, May 1984.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Martin Klein. Slavery and Colonial Rule in French West Africa. Cambridge (1998) <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-59324-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-59324-7">0-521-59324-7</a>. pp.119–121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaythornthwaite2004" class="citation book cs1">Haythornthwaite, Philip (2004) [1991]. <i>Gallipoli 1915: Frontal Assault on Turkey</i>. Campaign Series #8. London: Osprey. pp. 15–16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-275-98288-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-275-98288-2"><bdi>0-275-98288-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gallipoli+1915%3A+Frontal+Assault+on+Turkey&rft.place=London&rft.series=Campaign+Series+%238&rft.pages=15-16&rft.pub=Osprey&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-275-98288-2&rft.aulast=Haythornthwaite&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenri+Gouraud" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lyceefr.org/aaegd/gouraud1.htm">GOURAUD 1867–1946</a> <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ina.fr/notice/voirTouteVideoSimilaire/idNotice/CPF86607096"><i>Ballade strasbourgeoise</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120125142612/http://www.ina.fr/notice/voirTouteVideoSimilaire/idNotice/CPF86607096">Archived</a> 25 January 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_l%27audiovisuel" title="Institut national de l'audiovisuel">INA</a>.fr <span class="languageicon">(in French)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShadid2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Shadid" title="Anthony Shadid">Shadid, Anthony</a> (2012). <i>House of Stone: A Memoir of Home, Family, and a Lost Middle East</i>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bjczeMMMn1YC&pg=PT135">113</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=House+of+Stone%3A+A+Memoir+of+Home%2C+Family%2C+and+a+Lost+Middle+East&rft.pages=113&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Shadid&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenri+Gouraud" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyerBrysac2008" class="citation book cs1">Meyer, Karl Ernest; Brysac, Shareen Blair (2008). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/kingmakersinvent0000meye"><i>Kingmakers: The Invention of the Modern Middle East</i></a></span>. W. W. Norton & Company. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/kingmakersinvent0000meye/page/359">359</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780393061994" title="Special:BookSources/9780393061994"><bdi>9780393061994</bdi></a>. <q>Awake, Saladin. We have returned.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kingmakers%3A+The+Invention+of+the+Modern+Middle+East&rft.pages=359&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780393061994&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=Karl+Ernest&rft.au=Brysac%2C+Shareen+Blair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fkingmakersinvent0000meye&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenri+Gouraud" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarr2017" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Barr_(author)" title="James Barr (author)">Barr, James</a> (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.damascus-foundation.org/archives/2873">"General Gouraud: "Saladin, We're Back!" Did He Really Say It?"</a>. <i>damascus-foundation.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=damascus-foundation.org&rft.atitle=General+Gouraud%3A+%22Saladin%2C+We%27re+Back%21%22+Did+He+Really+Say+It%3F&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Barr&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.damascus-foundation.org%2Farchives%2F2873&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenri+Gouraud" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogan2011" class="citation book cs1">Rogan, Eugene (2011). <i>The Arabs: A History</i>. Penguin. pp. 220, 225.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arabs%3A+A+History&rft.pages=220%2C+225&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Rogan&rft.aufirst=Eugene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenri+Gouraud" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogan2011" class="citation book cs1">Rogan, Eugene (2011). <i>The Arabs: A History</i>. Penguin. p. 226.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arabs%3A+A+History&rft.pages=226&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Rogan&rft.aufirst=Eugene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenri+Gouraud" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAcović2012" class="citation book cs1">Acović, Dragomir (2012). <i>Slava i čast: Odlikovanja među Srbima, Srbi među odlikovanjima</i>. Belgrade: Službeni Glasnik. p. 144.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Slava+i+%C4%8Dast%3A+Odlikovanja+me%C4%91u+Srbima%2C+Srbi+me%C4%91u+odlikovanjima&rft.place=Belgrade&rft.pages=144&rft.pub=Slu%C5%BEbeni+Glasnik&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Acovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Dragomir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHenri+Gouraud" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chleuhs.com/modules/news/article.php?storyid=316">chleuhs.com, Histoires : L'agonie du cèdre dit Gouraud</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110708145648/http://www.chleuhs.com/modules/news/article.php?storyid=316">Archived</a> 8 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 3 June 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">C. Michael Hogan, (2008) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=31757&lang=us"><i>Barbary Macaque: Macaca sylvanus</i>, Globaltwitcher.com, ed. Nicklas Stromberg</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120419033431/http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=31757&lang=us">Archived</a> 19 April 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_Gouraud&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Henri_Gouraud" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Henri Gouraud">Henri Gouraud</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>This article incorporates translations of the French language Wikipedia articles <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Joseph_Eug%C3%A8ne_Gouraud" class="extiw" title="fr:Henri Joseph Eugène Gouraud">fr:Henri Joseph Eugène Gouraud</a> and <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandat_fran%C3%A7ais_en_Syrie" class="extiw" title="fr:Mandat français en Syrie">fr:Mandat français en Syrie</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927234049/http://andurain.eu/">Le général Gouraud durant la Grande Guerre</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lyceefr.org/aaegd/gouraud1.htm">Biographie de Henri Joseph Eugène Gouraud</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="On_his_time_in_the_Levant">On his time in the Levant</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_Gouraud&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: On his time in the Levant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Philippe Gouraud. Le general Henri Gouraud au Liban et en Syrie (1919–1923) (Comprendre le Moyen-Orient). L'Harmattan (1993). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-7384-2073-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-7384-2073-2">978-2-7384-2073-2</a></li> <li>Elizabeth Thompson. Colonial Citizens: Republican Rights, Paternal Privilege, and Gender in French Syria and Lebanon. Columbia University Press, (2000) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-10661-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-10661-0">978-0-231-10661-0</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri_Gouraud&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">French <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div lang="fr" style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/fr:Henri_Gouraud_(g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral)" class="extiw" title="s:fr:Henri Gouraud (général)">Henri Gouraud (général)</a></b> </div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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aria-labelledby="Military_governors_of_Paris" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Military_governors_of_Paris" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Military governors of Paris"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Military_governors_of_Paris" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Military_governor_of_Paris" title="Military governor of Paris">Military governors of Paris</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governors of Paris <br /> under the Ancien Régime</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_I_of_Anjou" title="Louis I of Anjou">Louis I d'Anjou</a>: 1356–1357</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John,_Duke_of_Berry" title="John, Duke of Berry">Jean ade Berry</a>: 1411</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waleran_III,_Count_of_Ligny" title="Waleran III, Count of Ligny">Waléran III de Luxembourg</a>: 1411–1413</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_II,_Count_of_Ligny" title="John II, Count of Ligny">Jean II de Luxembourg</a>: 1418–1420</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_de_La_Baume" title="Jean de La Baume">Jean de La Baume</a>: 1422–142.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Villiers_de_L%27Isle-Adam" title="Jean de Villiers de L'Isle-Adam">Jean de Villiers</a>: 1429–14..</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_de_Ternant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippe de Ternant (page does not exist)">Philippe de Ternant</a>: 14..–14..</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_de_Villiers_de_l%27Isle_Adam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques de Villiers de l'Isle Adam (page does not exist)">Jacques de Villiers</a>: 1461</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_of_Artois,_Count_of_Eu" title="Charles of Artois, Count of Eu">Charles d'Artois</a>: 1465</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_de_Melun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles de Melun (page does not exist)">Charles de Melun</a>: 1465–1467</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_I_d%27Amboise" title="Charles I d'Amboise">Charles I d'Amboise</a>: 1467–1470</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_de_Gaucourt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles de Gaucourt (page does not exist)">Charles de Gaucourt</a>: 14..–1472</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_de_Chabannes" title="Antoine de Chabannes">Antoine de Chabannes</a>: 1472–147.</li> <li>Guillaume de Poitiers: 1478–14..</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XII" title="Louis XII">Louis d'Orléans</a>: 1483–1485</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_de_Chabannes" title="Antoine de Chabannes">Antoine de Chabannes</a>: 1485–1488</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert,_Count_of_Montpensier" title="Gilbert, Count of Montpensier">Gilbert de Montpensier</a>: 14..–1494</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_II_d%27Amboise" title="Charles II d'Amboise">Charles II d'Amboise</a>: 1493–1496</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_de_La_Rochefoucauld" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoine de La Rochefoucauld">Antoine de La Rochefoucauld</a>: 15..–15..</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_de_Thermes" title="Paul de Thermes">Paul de Thermes</a>: 1559–1562</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Coss%C3%A9,_Count_of_Brissac" title="Charles de Cossé, Count of Brissac">Charles de Cossé</a>: 1562–1563</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Montmorency,_2nd_Duke_of_Montmorency" title="François de Montmorency, 2nd Duke of Montmorency">François de Montmorency</a>: 15..–1572</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_de_Villequier" title="René de Villequier">René de Villequier</a>: 1580</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_d%27O" title="François d'O">François d'O</a>: 158.–1589</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Emmanuel_de_Savoie,_Duke_of_Nemours" title="Charles Emmanuel de Savoie, Duke of Nemours">Charles-Emmanuel de Savoie</a>: 1589–1590</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Francois_de_Faudoas,_comte_de_Belin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Francois de Faudoas, comte de Belin (page does not exist)">Jean-Francois de Faudoas</a>: 1590–1594</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Coss%C3%A9,_1st_Duke_of_Brissac" title="Charles de Cossé, 1st Duke of Brissac">Charles II de Cossé</a>: 1594</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_d%27O" title="François d'O">François d'O</a>: 1594</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_du_Plessis-Liancourt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles du Plessis-Liancourt (page does not exist)">Charles du Plessis</a>: 1616</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hercule,_Duke_of_Montbazon" title="Hercule, Duke of Montbazon">Hercule de Rohan</a>: 1643–16..</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_de_L%27Hospital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="François de L'Hospital (page does not exist)">François de L'Hospital</a>: 1648–1657</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambroise-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Bournonville&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ambroise-François de Bournonville (page does not exist)">Ambroise-François de Bournonville</a>: 1657–1662</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_d%27Aumont,_1st_Duke_of_Aumont" title="Antoine d'Aumont, 1st Duke of Aumont">Antoine d'Aumont</a>: 1662–1669</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabriel_de_Rochechouart&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gabriel de Rochechouart (page does not exist)">Gabriel de Rochechouart</a>: 1669–1675</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_III_de_Cr%C3%A9quy" title="Charles III de Créquy">Charles III de Créquy</a>: 1676–1687</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9on_Potier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Léon Potier (page does not exist)">Léon Potier</a>: 1687–1704</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Tresmes" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Tresmes">Duc de Tresmes</a>: 1704–1739</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Potier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernard Potier (page does not exist)">Bernard Potier</a>: 1739–1757</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Louis_d%27Albert,_5th_Duke_of_Luynes" title="Charles Louis d'Albert, 5th Duke of Luynes">Charles Louis d'Albert</a>: 1757–1771</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Paul_Timol%C3%A9on_de_Coss%C3%A9,_7th_Duke_of_Brissac" title="Jean Paul Timoléon de Cossé, 7th Duke of Brissac">Jean de Cossé-Brissac</a>: 1771–1780</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Hercule_Timol%C3%A9on_de_Coss%C3%A9,_8th_Duke_of_Brissac" title="Louis Hercule Timoléon de Cossé, 8th Duke of Brissac">Louis de Cossé-Brissac</a>: 1780–1791</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General commanders <br /> of the Armed Forces in Paris</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Auguste-Augustin_d%27Affry" title="Louis-Auguste-Augustin d'Affry">Louis-Auguste-Augustin d'Affry</a>: 1791–1792</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-Fran%C3%A7ois_Menou" title="Jacques-François Menou">Jacques-François de Menou</a>: 1792–1794</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Thierry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Thierry (page does not exist)">Jean Thierry</a>: 1794–1795</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-Fran%C3%A7ois_Menou" title="Jacques-François Menou">Jacques-François de Menou</a>: 1795</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Barras" title="Paul Barras">Paul de Barras</a>: 1795</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoléon Bonaparte</a>: 1795–1796</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Maurice_Hatry" title="Jacques Maurice Hatry">Jacques Maurice Hatry</a>: 1796–1797</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles-Pierre_Augereau" title="Charles-Pierre Augereau">Pierre Augereau</a>: 1797</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Lemoine" title="Louis Lemoine">Louis Lemoine</a>: 1797</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois-Auguste_Moulin" title="Jean-François-Auguste Moulin">Jean-François Moulin</a>: 1797–1798</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Gilot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Gilot (page does not exist)">Joseph Gilot</a>: 1798–1799</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barth%C3%A9lemy_Catherine_Joubert" title="Barthélemy Catherine Joubert">Barthélemy Catherine Joubert</a>: 1799</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Antoine_Marbot" title="Jean-Antoine Marbot">Jean-Antoine Marbot</a>: 1799</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Joseph_Lefebvre,_duc_de_Dantzig" class="mw-redirect" title="François Joseph Lefebvre, duc de Dantzig">François Joseph Lefebvre</a>: 1799–1800</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Mortier,_Duke_of_Tr%C3%A9vise" class="mw-redirect" title="Édouard Mortier, Duke of Trévise">Édouard Mortier</a>: 1800–1803</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Andoche_Junot,_duc_d%27Abrant%C3%A8s" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-Andoche Junot, duc d'Abrantès">Jean-Andoche Junot</a>: 1803–1804</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military governors of Paris <br /> after the French Revolution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Murat" title="Joachim Murat">Joachim Murat</a>: 1804–1805</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Bonaparte" title="Louis Bonaparte">Louis Bonaparte</a>: 1805–1806</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_Murat" title="Joachim Murat">Joachim Murat</a>: 1806</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Andoche_Junot,_duc_d%27Abrant%C3%A8s" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-Andoche Junot, duc d'Abrantès">Jean-Andoche Junot</a>: 1806–1807</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Augustin_Hulin" title="Pierre-Augustin Hulin">Pierre-Augustin Hulin</a>: 1807–1814</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Victor-L%C3%A9on_de_Rochechouart" title="Louis-Victor-Léon de Rochechouart">Louis de Rochechouart</a>: 1814</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_S%C3%A9bastien_Grundler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Sébastien Grundler (page does not exist)">Louis Sébastien Grundler</a>: 1814–1815</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Joseph_Maison" title="Nicolas Joseph Maison">Nicolas-Joseph Maison</a>: 1815</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Augustin_Hulin" title="Pierre-Augustin Hulin">Pierre-Augustin Hulin</a>: 1815</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Mass%C3%A9na" title="André Masséna">André Masséna</a>: July 1815</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Joseph_Maison" title="Nicolas Joseph Maison">Nicolas-Joseph Maison</a>: 1815</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyacinthe_Fran%C3%A7ois_Joseph_Despinoy" title="Hyacinthe François Joseph Despinoy">Hyacinthe Despinoy</a>: 1815–1816</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine-Dominique_de_P%C3%A9rignon" title="Catherine-Dominique de Pérignon">Catherine-Dominique de Pérignon</a>: 1816–1818</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Joseph_Maison" title="Nicolas Joseph Maison">Nicolas-Joseph Maison</a>: 1819–1821</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auguste_de_Marmont" title="Auguste de Marmont">Auguste de Marmont</a>: 1821–1830</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Claude_Pajol" title="Pierre Claude Pajol">Pierre-Claude Pajol</a>: 1830–1842</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiburce_S%C3%A9bastiani" title="Tiburce Sébastiani">Tiburce Sébastiani</a>: 1842–1848</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Changarnier" title="Nicolas Changarnier">Nicolas Changarnier</a>: 1848–1851</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achille_Baraguey_d%27Hilliers" title="Achille Baraguey d'Hilliers">Achille Baraguey d'Hilliers</a>: 1851</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Pierre_Magnan" title="Bernard Pierre Magnan">Bernard Pierre Magnan</a>: 1851–1865</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Certain_de_Canrobert" title="François Certain de Canrobert">François Certain de Canrobert</a>: 1865–1870</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achille_Baraguey_d%27Hilliers" title="Achille Baraguey d'Hilliers">Achille Baraguey d'Hilliers</a>: 1870</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Jules_Trochu" title="Louis-Jules Trochu">Louis-Jules Trochu</a>: 1870–1871</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Vinoy" title="Joseph Vinoy">Joseph Vinoy</a>: 1871</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_de_Ladmirault" title="Paul de Ladmirault">Paul de Ladmirault</a>: 1871–1878</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%89douard_Aymard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Édouard Aymard (page does not exist)">Édouard Aymard</a>: 1878–1880</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Clinchant" title="Justin Clinchant">Justin Clinchant</a>: 1880–1881</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Lecointe" title="Alphonse Lecointe">Alphonse Lecointe</a>: 1882–1884</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%A9lix_Gustave_Saussier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Félix Gustave Saussier (page does not exist)">Félix-Gustave Saussier</a>: 1884–1898</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Zurlinden" title="Émile Zurlinden">Émile Zurlinden</a>: 1898–1899</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Brug%C3%A8re" title="Joseph Brugère">Joseph Brugère</a>: 1899–1900</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Georges-Auguste_Florentin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Georges-Auguste Florentin (page does not exist)">Georges-Auguste Florentin</a>: 1900–1901</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paul-Vincent_Faure-Biguet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paul-Vincent Faure-Biguet (page does not exist)">Paul-Vincent Faure-Biguet</a>: 1901–1903</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Dessirier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Dessirier (page does not exist)">Jean Dessirier</a>: 1903–1906</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Baptiste_Dalstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Baptiste Dalstein (page does not exist)">Jean-Baptiste Dalstein</a>: 1906–1910</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel-Joseph_Maunoury" title="Michel-Joseph Maunoury">Michel-Joseph Maunoury</a>: 1910–1912</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor-Constant_Michel" title="Victor-Constant Michel">Victor-Constant Michel</a>: 1912–1914</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Gallieni" title="Joseph Gallieni">Joseph Gallieni</a>: 1914–1915</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel-Joseph_Maunoury" title="Michel-Joseph Maunoury">Michel-Joseph Maunoury</a>: 1915–1916</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustin_Dubail" title="Augustin Dubail">Augustin Dubail</a>: 1916–1918</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolphe_Guillaumat" title="Adolphe Guillaumat">Adolphe Guillaumat</a>: 1918</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Emile_Moinier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Emile Moinier (page does not exist)">Charles Emile Moinier</a>: 1918–1919</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Berdoulat" title="Pierre Berdoulat">Pierre Berdoulat</a>: 1919–1923</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Henri Gouraud</a>: 1923–1937</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaston_Billotte" title="Gaston Billotte">Gaston Billotte</a>: 1937–1939</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_H%C3%A9ring&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Héring (page does not exist)">Pierre Héring</a>: 1939–1940</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Dentz" title="Henri Dentz">Henri Dentz</a>: 1940</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military governors of Paris <br /> under the German occupation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Otto_von_St%C3%BClpnagel" title="Otto von Stülpnagel">Otto von Stülpnagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl-Heinrich_von_St%C3%BClpnagel" title="Carl-Heinrich von Stülpnagel">Carl-Heinrich von Stülpnagel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dietrich_von_Choltitz" title="Dietrich von Choltitz">Dietrich von Choltitz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military governors of Paris <br /> since 1944</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Leclerc_de_Hauteclocque" title="Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque">Philippe Leclerc</a>: 1944</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Pierre_K%C5%93nig" title="Marie-Pierre Kœnig">Marie-Pierre Kœnig</a>: 1944–1945</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Legentilhomme" title="Paul Legentilhomme">Paul Legentilhomme</a>: 1945–1947</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ren%C3%A9_Jean-Charles_Chouteau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="René Jean-Charles Chouteau (page does not exist)">René Chouteau</a>: 1947–1953</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Zeller" title="Henri Zeller">Henri Zeller</a>: 1953–1957</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis-Constant_Morli%C3%A8re&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis-Constant Morlière (page does not exist)">Louis-Constant Morlière</a>: 1957–1958</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Garbay" title="Pierre Garbay">Pierre Garbay</a>: 1958–1959</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Salan" title="Raoul Salan">Raoul Salan</a>: 1959–1960</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Gazin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maurice Gazin (page does not exist)">Maurice Gazin</a>: 1960</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Demetz" title="André Demetz">André Demetz</a>: 1960–1962</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_Dodelier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Louis Dodelier (page does not exist)">Louis Dodelier</a>: 1962–1965</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_de_Camas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippe de Camas (page does not exist)">Philippe de Camas</a>: 1965–1968</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andr%C3%A9_Meltz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="André Meltz (page does not exist)">André Meltz</a>: 1968–1971</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernard_Usureau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernard Usureau (page does not exist)">Bernard Usureau</a>: 1971–1974</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_Clave&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippe Clave (page does not exist)">Philippe Clave</a>: 1974–1975</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Favreau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Favreau (page does not exist)">Jean Favreau</a>: 1975–1977</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Antoine_de_Barry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques Antoine de Barry (page does not exist)">Jacques de Barry</a>: 1977–1980</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeannou_Lacaze" title="Jeannou Lacaze">Jeannou Lacaze</a>: 1980–1981</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_P%C3%A9rier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roger Périer (page does not exist)">Roger Périer</a>: 1981–1982</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alban_Barthez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alban Barthez (page does not exist)">Alban Barthez</a>: 1982–1984</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Fennebresque&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel Fennebresque (page does not exist)">Michel Fennebresque</a>: 1984–1987</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Herv%C3%A9_Navereau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hervé Navereau (page does not exist)">Hervé Navereau</a>: 1987–1991</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_Val%C3%A9ry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daniel Valéry (page does not exist)">Daniel Valéry</a>: 1991–1992</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Guignon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel Guignon (page does not exist)">Michel Guignon</a>: 1992–1996</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michel_Billot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Michel Billot (page does not exist)">Michel Billot</a>: 1996–2000</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_Costedoat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre Costedoat (page does not exist)">Pierre Costedoat</a>: 2000–2002</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcel_Valentin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcel Valentin (page does not exist)">Marcel Valentin</a>: 2002–2005</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xavier_de_Zuchowicz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xavier de Zuchowicz (page does not exist)">Xavier de Zuchowicz</a>: 2005–2007</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Dary" title="Bruno Dary">Bruno Dary</a>: 2007–2012</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herv%C3%A9_Charpentier" title="Hervé Charpentier">Hervé Charpentier</a>: 2012–2015</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruno_Le_Ray&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bruno Le Ray (page does not exist)">Bruno Le Ray</a>: 2015–2020</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christophe_Abad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christophe Abad (page does not exist)">Christophe Abad</a>: 2020–2024</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lo%C3%AFc_Mizon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Loïc Mizon (page does not exist)">Loïc Mizon</a>: 2024</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2572143#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2572143#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2572143#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000122825167">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/85152898">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1860600/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJhGYkTcxvccmcfptjJFKd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119250551">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no94008586">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12032776q">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12032776q">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=skuk0000495&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1651902">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/38489">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p163604118">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000303379&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810653859105606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007294014305171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14236006">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028504984">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10576095">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6vn8q53">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henri_Gouraud&oldid=1257638608">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henri_Gouraud&oldid=1257638608</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1867_births" title="Category:1867 births">1867 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1946_deaths" title="Category:1946 deaths">1946 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coll%C3%A8ge_Stanislas_de_Paris_alumni" 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