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Improving Mental Health Outcomes with Pharmacogenomics – Pharma
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itemscope> <div class="inside-article"> <div class="featured-image page-header-image-single "> <img width="1200" height="628" src="https://thepharma.net/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/Pharmacogenomics-1-19-min-scaled-e1725645068763.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full" alt="" itemprop="image" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" /> </div> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline">Improving Mental Health Outcomes with Pharmacogenomics</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><time class="updated" datetime="2024-09-06T23:21:21+05:30" itemprop="dateModified">September 6, 2024</time><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-09-03T17:58:04+05:30" itemprop="datePublished">September 3, 2024</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://thepharma.net/archive/author/thepharma/" title="View all posts by thepharma" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">thepharma</span></a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content" itemprop="text"> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">It is in this light that the field of pharmacogenomics has undergone an immense revolution in mental health. Mental health disorders, like major depressive disorder, are problems faced by millions around the world, and tailoring the medicine with respect to genetic make-up brings tremendous potential for a better treatment response along with reduced adverse effects. This paper reviews advances in this area and their implications for mental health outcomes, including some key research findings and potential future directions.</span></p> <h3><b>Understanding Pharmacogenomics</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Pharmacogenomics is the study of how different genetic makeups affect an individual’s response to drugs and comes from the combination of pharmacology and genomics. This is extremely important for the treatment of mental health disorders, which feature high variability in patient responses to medication. Conventional methods of prescribing psychiatric medications usually involve trial and error, which may be very time-consuming and painful for the patient. Thus, pharmacogenomics should assist in the process and provide more accurate and reliable treatments.</span></p> <h3><b>Role of genetic testing in depression treatment</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">One of the most promising applications in pharmacogenomics is in treatments for depression. The high prevalence of major depressive disorder, one of the priority disorders identified by the World Health Organization, usually requires long-term treatment. Pharmacogenomics testing helps to identify genetic markers that determine the way patients metabolize and respond to antidepressants. For instance, specific gene variations might predict therapeutic advantages or side effects from some drugs in a patient.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence from prospective, controlled clinical trials reported a modest yet statistically significant association between pharmacogenomics-guided antidepressant therapy and increased depressive symptom remission. In trials employing genetically guided treatment, more patients were in remission compared to standard care. This underlines the potential of pharmacogenomics to contribute meaningfully to real-world effectiveness differences in the treatment of depression.</span></p> <p></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Yearwise Publication Trend on <b>“<a href="https://thepharma.net/publication-trends/index/pharmacogenomics" target="_blank" title="pharmacogenomics - yearwise publication trends">pharmacogenomics</a>”</b></h2> </div> </div><div class="results-container"><div class="chart-block" style="padding:15px;"> <div class="left"> <div id="results" class="results"></div> </div> <div class="right"> <div class="chart-container"><canvas id="publicationChart"></canvas></div> </div> <div class="keywordsdiv"> <div style="text-align:center;"><b>Find publication trends on relevant topics</b> </div> <span class="gp-icon icon-tags"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M20 39.5c-8.836 0-16 7.163-16 16v176c0 4.243 1.686 8.313 4.687 11.314l224 224c6.248 6.248 16.378 6.248 22.626 0l176-176c6.244-6.244 6.25-16.364.013-22.615l-223.5-224A15.999 15.999 0 00196.5 39.5H20zm56 96c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24z"></path><path d="M259.515 43.015c4.686-4.687 12.284-4.687 16.97 0l228 228c4.686 4.686 4.686 12.284 0 16.97l-180 180c-4.686 4.687-12.284 4.687-16.97 0-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97L479.029 279.5 259.515 59.985c-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97z"></path></svg></span> <span id="keyword-stats"></span> </div> </div></div></div><div class="inside-article"><style> table { margin: 0 0 1.5em; 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In comprehensive sequencing, it is, in principle, possible to scan for any genetic variations that may have an effect on drug response. It contributes to the identification of new genetic variants contributing to drug efficacy and toxicity and, hence, to hitherto unexplained variability.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Then came the realization that ethno-geographic diversity would be a factor to contend with in pharmacogenomics because genetic profiling would be refined. As the genetic markers are variable across populations, a tailored approach will help in recognizing the benefits of pharmacogenomics equally for all groups of patients. This step is quite important to address health inequities and to make pharmacogenomics progress inclusive of all.</span></p> <h3><b>Pharmacogenomics in Psychiatric Practice</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The integration of pharmacogenomics into psychiatric practice, from genetic testing to result interpretation and application of knowledge gained in clinical decision-making, includes a few steps. Genetic testing typically comprises the analysis of DNA from a saliva or blood specimen to show the presence of certain gene variations related to drug metabolism. Results would, therefore, be useful in the choice of medications, dosages, and possible monitoring that may be necessary.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">For example, polymorphisms in genes like CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 have a large effect on the metabolism of antidepressants and antipsychotics. Some variants may require decreased doses to avoid side effects; others require higher doses to achieve proper therapeutic levels. By applying pharmacogenomics information, clinicians can make more informed decisions that, perhaps, may shorten the time required to find an effective treatment and improve the overall patient outcome.</span></p> <h3><b>Real-World Applications and Challenges</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">While pharmacogenomics undoubtedly offers significant potential for benefiting patients, there are problems with how it can be practically implemented. First of all, large studies are needed to replicate clinical validity in different populations and settings. Moreover, genetic testing may be expensive, and sufficient access may not be available. Multiple current efforts are already working to overcome these challenges through research aimed at establishing the cost-effectiveness and clinical benefits of pharmacogenomics.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Real-world applications of pharmacogenomics have already had some positive results. For example, the usage of pharmacogenomics testing within the management of treatment-resistant depression has shown that with the test, some are more likely to benefit from specific antidepressants than without it. This also improves treatment efficacy and reduces the incidence of adverse drug reactions, one major concern in psychiatric care.</span></p> <p></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Recent Publications on <b>“<a href="https://thepharma.net/recent-publications/index/pharmacogenomics" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="pharmacogenomics - yearwise publication list">pharmacogenomics</a>”</b></h2> </div> </div> <div class="pb-main"><div class="article-scroll"><div id="results_recent" class="results"></div></div><div class="keywordsdiv" style="margin: 0px 15px;margin-top:20px;"> <div style="text-align:center;"><b>Find publications on relevant topics</b> </div> <span class="gp-icon icon-tags"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M20 39.5c-8.836 0-16 7.163-16 16v176c0 4.243 1.686 8.313 4.687 11.314l224 224c6.248 6.248 16.378 6.248 22.626 0l176-176c6.244-6.244 6.25-16.364.013-22.615l-223.5-224A15.999 15.999 0 00196.5 39.5H20zm56 96c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24z"></path><path d="M259.515 43.015c4.686-4.687 12.284-4.687 16.97 0l228 228c4.686 4.686 4.686 12.284 0 16.97l-180 180c-4.686 4.687-12.284 4.687-16.97 0-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97L479.029 279.5 259.515 59.985c-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97z"></path></svg></span> <span id="keyword-papers"></span> </div></div></div><div class="inside-article"> <style> .pb-main{ border: solid 1px #ccc; border-top: none; margin-bottom: 20px; padding-bottom: 25px; background:#fff; } .author-main { border: solid 1px #ccc; border-top: none; margin-bottom: 20px; padding-bottom: 25px; background:#fff; } .publication-block { padding: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f9f9f9; text-align: left; background: #FFF; border-bottom: solid 1px #ccc; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; } .publication-block h3 { margin: 0 0 10px; color: #000!important; } .publication-block a { font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 1em; font-weight: 600; text-transform: none; color: #000; padding: 0px; } .publication-block a:hover{ color: #227cdc; text-decoration:underline; } .article-scroll { max-height: 445px; overflow-y: auto; overflow-x: hidden; } ::-webkit-scrollbar-track { -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 0 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.3); background-color: #efefef; border-radius:30px; } ::-webkit-scrollbar { width: 6px; background-color: #efefef; border-radius:30px; } ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { background-color: #ababab; border-radius:30px; } .publication-block p { margin-bottom: .5em; font-size: 15px; color: #000; } h3 { font-size: 18px !important; margin-bottom: 20px; line-height: 1.2em; font-weight: 600; text-transform: none; } a { padding: 5px; color: #a71c49; } #keyword-papers{ margin-top: 20px; text-align: center; } </style> <script> function decodeString(str) { str = str.replace(/\\'/g, "'"); str = str.replace(/\\'/g, "'"); str = str.replace(/\\'/g, "'"); return str; } function displayResults_recent(papers) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('results_recent'); if (!papers || papers.length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No recent publications found.</p>'; return; } papers.forEach(paper => { var publicationBlock = document.createElement('div'); publicationBlock.className = 'publication-block'; var title_de = decodeString(paper.title); var publicationHTML = ` <div style="margin-bottom: 10px;line-height: 24px;"><a href="${paper.url}" target="_blank" title="${title_de}">${title_de}</a></div> <p><strong>Issue Release:</strong> ${paper.publishedDate}</p> `; publicationBlock.innerHTML = publicationHTML; resultsContainer.appendChild(publicationBlock); }); } function displayKeywordPapers(keywords) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('keyword-papers'); resultsContainer.innerHTML = ''; if (!keywords || keywords.length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No data found.</p>'; return; } var keywordHTML = ''; keywords.forEach((key, index) => { let key_replace = key.replace(/ /g, '-'); key_replace = key_replace.toLowerCase(); keywordHTML += `<a href="https://thepharma.net/recent-publications/index/${key_replace}" target="_blank" title="${key} - publication list">${key}</a>`; if (index < keywords.length - 1) { keywordHTML += ', '; } }); resultsContainer.innerHTML = keywordHTML; } // Call the function with the PHP data var recent_papers = [ { "title": "Affective Disorders, Pharmacogenomics, and Psychiatric Illness-Related Cardiometabolic Problems.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38946276", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Frequency of pharmacogenomic variation and medication exposures among All of Us Participants.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38946996", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Genetic Variations Affect Chemotherapy Outcomes: A Role of the Spindle-assembly Checkpoint.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38953826", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "A Second Space Age Spanning Omics, Platforms, and Medicine Across Orbits.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38862027", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Association of Glycoprotein IIIa PlA1\/A2 Polymorphism with Risk of Stroke: Updated Meta-Analysis.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38920993", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Pharmacogenomics: Challenges and Future.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38927650", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Reprint of: Implementation of depression management by ambulatory care pharmacists in the primary care setting.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39127943", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Genome-wide association study of therapeutic response to statin drugs in cardiovascular disease.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39097628", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Pharmacogenomics-Guided Versus Standard Dosing of Warfarin in Patients with Mechanical Prosthetic Heart Valve.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39108643", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Universal Targeted Haplotyping by Droplet Digital PCR Sequencing and Its Applications in Noninvasive Prenatal Testing and Pharmacogenetics Analysis.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38873917", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "New diagnostic technologies in laboratory medicine: Potential benefits and challenges.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38884596", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Stability of Anticoagulation Following Acenocoumarin in Stroke Patients: Role of Pharmacogenomics and Acquired Factors.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38907686", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Implementation of clopidogrel pharmacogenetic clinical decision support for a preemptive return of results program.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38253063", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "The complex web of obesity: from genetics to precision medicine.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38869356", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Identification of drug responsive enhancers by predicting chromatin accessibility change from perturbed gene expression profiles.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38816426", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "From Sugar Spikes to Pressure Peaks: Navigating the World of Diabetes, Hypertension, Obesity, and Kidney Health.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38686257", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Contradiction in Star-Allele Nomenclature of Pharmacogenes between Common Haplotypes and Rare Variants.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38674455", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Individualized Pharmacotherapy Utilizing Genetic Biomarkers and Novel In Vitro Systems As Predictive Tools for Optimal Drug Development and Treatment.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38575185", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Dynamic changes in tumor profiling reveal intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity focused on an uncharacterized HER2 mutation: a case report of a young breast cancer patient.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38764581", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Frequency of pharmacogenomic variants affecting efficacy and safety of anti-cancer drugs in a south Asian population from Sri Lanka.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38789983", "publishedDate": "2024" } ]; var keywordsArray = ["Pharmacogenomics","Mental Health","Depression","Genetic Testing","Personalized Medicine","Antidepressants","Psychiatric Practice","Genetic Profiling","Treatment Efficacy","Adverse Drug Reactions"]; displayResults_recent(recent_papers); displayKeywordPapers(keywordsArray); // function stripslashes(str) { // if (typeof str === 'string') { // return str.replace(/\/g, ''); // } // } </script></p> <h3><b>The Future of Pharmacogenomics in Mental Health</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">With continued research and technological advances being made, the future looks promising for pharmacogenomics in mental health, which is changing toward greater personalization of treatments. Provided that the knowledge of the genetic basis of drug responses continues to progress, it is likely that a time will soon come when pharmacogenomics testing will be part of standard mental health care. Researchers and clinicians will have to collaborate with policymakers to ensure that the benefits of pharmacogenomics are translated for all patients.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">One of the exciting developments in this area is the potential role of pharmacogenomics in guiding the use of combination therapies for the treatment of mental health. An understanding of the genetic determinants of response to multiple medications could give the clinician the opportunity to work out more efficient treatment regimens with reduced risk of adverse effects and increased therapeutic benefits. This might be especially useful for patients with complex or treatment-resistant conditions.</span></p> <h3><b>Conclusion</b></h3> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">It has the potential to revolutionize mental health treatment with individualized treatment strategies and improve outcomes for patients, reducing the burden of trial-and-error prescribing. Yet, even against the backdrop of existing challenges to its implementation, the body of evidence on the clinical utility of pharmacogenomics testing is large and growing; it underlines its importance in modern psychiatric practice. </span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Pharmacogenomics is rapidly growing and, indeed, forms one of the pillars of individualized medicine in mental health. It would give much-needed hope for more effective and customized treatment possibilities to patients from across the world.</span></p> <p></p> <h3><b>References</b></h3> <ol> <li> <div class="citation-text">Brown LC, Stanton JD, Bharthi K, Maruf AA, Müller DJ, Bousman CA. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36111494/">Pharmacogenomic Testing and Depressive Symptom Remission: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective, Controlled Clinical Trials.</a> Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2022 Dec;112(6):1303-1317. doi: 10.1002/cpt.2748. Epub 2022 Oct 11. PMID: 36111494; PMCID: PMC9827897.</div> </li> <li> <div class="citation-text">Zhou Y, Koutsilieri S, Eliasson E, Lauschke VM. <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9805052/">A paradigm shift in pharmacogenomics: From candidate polymorphisms to comprehensive sequencing.</a> Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2022 Dec;131(6):452-464. doi: 10.1111/bcpt.13779. Epub 2022 Aug 22. PMID: 35971800; PMCID: PMC9805052.</div> </li> <li> <div class="citation-text">Amezcua L, Rivera VM, Vazquez TC, Baezconde-Garbanati L, Langer-Gould A. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34605866/">Health Disparities, Inequities, and Social Determinants of Health in Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders in the US: A Review.</a> JAMA Neurol. 2021 Dec 1;78(12):1515-1524. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.3416. PMID: 34605866.</div> </li> <li> <div class="citation-text">Tewkesbury DH, Robey RC, Barry PJ. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35035569/">Progress in precision medicine in cystic fibrosis: a focus on CFTR modulator therapy.</a> Breathe (Sheff). 2021 Dec;17(4):210112. doi: 10.1183/20734735.0112-2021. PMID: 35035569; PMCID: PMC8753614.</div> </li> <li> <div class="citation-text">Lima JJ, Thomas CD, Barbarino J, Desta Z, Van Driest SL, El Rouby N, Johnson JA, Cavallari LH, Shakhnovich V, Thacker DL, Scott SA, Schwab M, Uppugunduri CRS, Formea CM, Franciosi JP, Sangkuhl K, Gaedigk A, Klein TE, Gammal RS, Furuta T. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32770672/">Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) Guideline for CYP2C19 and Proton Pump Inhibitor Dosing.</a> Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2021 Jun;109(6):1417-1423. doi: 10.1002/cpt.2015. Epub 2020 Sep 20. PMID: 32770672; PMCID: PMC7868475.</div> </li> <li> <div class="citation-text">van der Lee M, Allard WG, Vossen RHAM, Baak-Pablo RF, Menafra R, Deiman BALM, Deenen MJ, Neven P, Johansson I, Gastaldello S, Ingelman-Sundberg M, Guchelaar HJ, Swen JJ, Anvar SY. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34290055/">Toward predicting CYP2D6-mediated variable drug response from <i>CYP2D6</i> gene sequencing data.</a> Sci Transl Med. 2021 Jul 21;13(603):eabf3637. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abf3637. PMID: 34290055.</div> </li> <li> <div class="citation-text">Sun L, Pennells L, Kaptoge S, Nelson CP, Ritchie SC, Abraham G, Arnold M, Bell S, Bolton T, Burgess S, Dudbridge F, Guo Q, Sofianopoulou E, Stevens D, Thompson JR, Butterworth AS, Wood A, Danesh J, Samani NJ, Inouye M, Di Angelantonio E. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33444330/">Polygenic risk scores in cardiovascular risk prediction: A cohort study and modelling analyses.</a> PLoS Med. 2021 Jan 14;18(1):e1003498. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003498. PMID: 33444330; PMCID: PMC7808664.</div> </li> <li> <div class="citation-text"> <div class="citation-text">Relling MV, Klein TE, Gammal RS, Whirl-Carrillo M, Hoffman JM, Caudle KE. <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31562822/">The Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium: 10 Years Later.</a> Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2020 Jan;107(1):171-175. doi: 10.1002/cpt.1651. Epub 2019 Nov 5. PMID: 31562822; PMCID: PMC6925644.</div> </div> <div></div> <div class="citation-text"> <div class="citation-actions"></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Top Experts on “<b style="color:#000;font-size:22px;">pharmacogenomics</b>“</h2> </div> </div><div class="author-main"><div id="results_author"></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a class="register-button" href="https://thepharma.net/expert-search" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Find experts on any field</a></div></div><div class="inside-article" style="background: none;border: none;box-shadow: none;margin-top: -70px;"> <style> .author-block { padding: 15px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: left; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.2; background: #FFF; border-bottom: solid 1px #ccc; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; } .author-block h3 { margin: 0 0 10px; color: #227cdc; } .author-block p { margin: 5px 0; } .author-b { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; flex-wrap: wrap; margin-bottom:10px; } .author-b .ainfo { flex: 1 1 30%; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: left; background: #dcdcdc; padding: 7px 14px; border-radius: 5px; margin-top: 3px; margin-right: 10px; } @media (max-width: 768px) { .author-b .ainfo { flex: 1 1 100%; margin: 10px 0; } } </style> <script> function displayResults_author(authors) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('results_author'); resultsContainer.innerHTML = ''; if (!authors || Object.keys(authors).length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No authors found.</p>'; return; } Object.values(authors).slice(0, 10).forEach(author => { if (author.affiliation.length > 400) { return; } var authorBlock = document.createElement('div'); authorBlock.className = 'author-block'; var author_name=author.name; let key_replace = author_name.replace(/ /g, '-'); key_replace = key_replace.toLowerCase(); var authorHTML = ` <h3><a href="https://thepharma.net/author/index/${key_replace}\/${author.aid}" target="_blank" title="${author.name}">${author.name}</a></h3> <div class="author-b"> <div class="ainfo"><strong>H-Index:</strong> ${author.hindex}</div> <div class="ainfo"><strong>Publication Count:</strong> ${author.paper_count}</div> <div class="ainfo"><strong>Citation Count:</strong> ${author.citation_count}</div> </div> <p><strong>Affiliation:</strong> ${author.affiliation}</p> `; authorBlock.innerHTML = authorHTML; resultsContainer.appendChild(authorBlock); }); } function displayKeywordAuthors(keywords) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('keyword-authors'); resultsContainer.innerHTML = ''; if (!keywords || keywords.length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No data found.</p>'; return; } var keywordHTML = ''; keywords.forEach(key => { let key_replace = key.replace(/ /g, '-'); key_replace = key_replace.toLowerCase(); keywordHTML += `<a href="https://thepharma.net/expert-search/index/${key_replace}" target="_blank" title="${key}">${key}</a>`; }); resultsContainer.innerHTML = keywordHTML; } // Call the function with the PHP data var authors_data = { "ky48K4wBWBy50K-r1CR4": { "aid": "ky48K4wBWBy50K-r1CR4", "name": "C. 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