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File Formats - Elsevier BV
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class="u-padding-s-xs text-s"><div class="gh-dh-opt"><div><p class="u-margin-bottom-s"></p><div class="gh-dh-actions"><button class="button-link button-medium button-link-secondary" type="button"><span class="button-link-text">Sign In / Register</span></button></div></div></div></header><div id="gh-mob-inst-cnt"></div><nav aria-label="utilities" class="gh-nav gh-nav-utilities gh-nav-v"><ul class="gh-nav-list u-list-reset"><li class="gh-nav-item"><a class="anchor button-link-primary gh-nav-action" href="/faq" tabindex="0" id="aa-globalheader-help" data-aa-region="aa-globalheader-help" data-aa-name="aa-globalheader-help" title="FAQ"><span class="anchor-text">FAQ</span></a></li></ul></nav></div></div></div><div id="gh-sub-header" class="u-flex-center-ver gh-sides-padding gh-move-to-spine"></div></header><main id="main-content"><div class="file-formats-page static-page"><h1>File Formats</h1><p>In order to ensure your data is accessible and usable to the largest number of researchers, we encourage you to post data in preferred formats, where possible.</p><p>Please see below for a list of preferred and acceptable formats, for each file type.</p><table class="file-format-table"><thead><tr><th class="th-type">Type</th><th>Preferred format(s)</th><th>Acceptable format(s)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Text documents</td><td>Adobe Portable Document Format (.pdf)</td><td>OpenDocument Text (.odt), Microsoft Word (.doc, .docx), Rich Text Format (.rtf)</td></tr><tr><td>Plain text</td><td>Unicode (.txt)</td><td>Non-Unicode (.txt)</td></tr><tr><td>Markup language</td><td>Extensible Markup Language (XML) (.xml), HyperText Markup Language (HTML) (.html, .xhtml); If needed: Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) (.css), Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations (XSLT) (.xslt), JavaScript (.js), Elementary Stream (.es)</td><td>Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) (.sgml)</td></tr><tr><td>Spreadsheets</td><td>OpenDocument Spreadsheet (ODS) (.ods), Comma-separated Values (CSV) (.csv)</td><td>Microsoft Excel (.xls, .xlsx), Adobe Portable Document Format (.pdf), Office Open XML (OOXML) (.docx, .docm)</td></tr><tr><td>Databases</td><td>Structured Query Language (SQL) (.sql), Software Independent Archiving of Relational Databases (SIARD) (.siard), Database tables (.csv)</td><td>Microsoft Access (.mdb, .accdb), (v. 2000 or later), dBase (.dbf) (v. 7 or later), Hierarchical Data Format 5 (HDF5) (.hdf5, .he5, .h5)</td></tr><tr><td>Statistical data</td><td>Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS/SPSS Portable) (.por, .sav), STATA (.dta), Data Documentation Initiative (DDI) (.xml), data (.csv), setup (.txt)</td><td>Statistical Analysis System (SAS) (.7bdat; .sd2; .tpt)R(*)</td></tr><tr><td>Raster Images</td><td>Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) (.jpg, .jpeg), JPEG 2000 (.jp2), Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) (.tif, .tiff), Portable Network Graphics (PNG) (.png)</td><td>The Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) (.dcm) (by mutual agreement)</td></tr><tr><td>Images (vector)</td><td>Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) (.svg)</td><td>Adobe Illustrator (.ai), Encapsulated Postscript Vector graphics (Adobe Illustrator) (EPS) (.eps)</td></tr><tr><td>Audio</td><td>Waveform Audio File Format (WAVE/WAV), Broadcast Wave Format (BWF) (.wav), Free Flossless Audio Codec (FLAC) (.flac)</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Video</td><td>Moving Pictures Expert Group-2 (MPEG-2) (.mpg, .mpeg, ...), Moving Pictures Expert Group-4 (MPEG-4 H.264) (.mp4) Lossless Audio Video Interleaved (AVI) (.avi), QuickTime (.mov)</td><td>Matroska format (MKV) (.mkv)</td></tr><tr><td>Computer Aided Design (CAD)</td><td>AutoCAD Drawing Interchange Format (DXF) v. R12 (.dxf)</td><td>AutoCAD, other versions (.dwg, .dxf)</td></tr><tr><td>Geographical Information (GIS)</td><td>Geography Markup Language (GML) (.gml), MapInfo Interchange Format (MIF/MID) (.mif/.mid)</td><td>Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) Shapefiles (.shp & related files), MapInfo (.tab & related files), Keyhole Markup Language (KML) (.kml)</td></tr><tr><td>Images (geo reference)</td><td>GeoTagged Image File Format (GeoTIFF) (.tif, .tiff)</td><td>Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) World File (.tfw & .tif)</td></tr><tr><td>Raster GIS</td><td>ASCII GRID (.asc, .txt)</td><td>ESRI GRID (.grd & related files)</td></tr><tr><td>3D</td><td>WaveFront Object (.obj), Extensible 3D (X3D) (.x3d)</td><td>COLLADA (.dae), Autodesk Filmbox (FBX) (.fbx)</td></tr><tr><td>RDF</td><td>World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) standards</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis (CAQDAS)</td><td>Formats used in application, processed according to each individual file鈥檚 data type</td><td>Application鈥檚 export formats (ATLAS.TI copy bundle, NVIVO export project; ...), QUALITATIVE DATA EXCHANGE FORMAT (QuDEX)</td></tr></tbody></table></div></main><footer class="mdui-footer institutional"><div class="footer-container"><div class="footer-contents"><div role="img" aria-label="Digital Commons Data"><svg class="mdui-logo" viewBox="0 0 222.69 47.877" height="47.877" width="222.69" aria-hidden="true"><path fill="#FF8200" d="m7.5371 21.553h-6.832v-19.936h7.1289c7.0303 0 9.4727 5.3477 9.4727 9.9023-1e-4 4.3565-2.5084 10.033-9.7696 10.033zm-0.1318-17.822h-4.0928v15.71h3.7627c5.0498 0 7.2939-2.9375 7.2939-7.9209 0-3.4005-1.5839-7.7891-6.9638-7.7891z"></path><path fill="#FF8200" d="m22.32 3.9941c-0.8911 0-1.6504-0.9238-1.6504-1.8477 0-0.8916 0.7261-1.8164 1.6504-1.8164 0.8911 0 1.6831 0.8594 1.6831 1.7832s-0.792 1.8809-1.6831 1.8809zm-1.2539 2.6075h2.541v14.951h-2.541v-14.951z"></path><path fill="#FF8200" d="m29.877 23.434c0 2.3438 0.9243 2.9375 3.3008 2.9375 2.8052 0 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