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Susanti</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Rika Susanti"> <meta name="keywords" content="Rika Susanti"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Rika Susanti"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 26</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Rika Susanti</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">26</span> The Changing Face of Tourism-Making the Connection through Technological Advancement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faduma%20Ahmed-Ali">Faduma Ahmed-Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The up and coming new generation of travelers will change how the world will achieve its global connectivity. The goal is that through people and technological advancement world-wide, people will be able to better explore the culture and beauty, as well as gain a better understanding of the core values of each host countries treasures. Through Rika's unique world connection model approach, the tourist can explore their destination with the help of local connections. Achieving a complete understanding of the host country while ensuring equal economic prosperity and cultural exchange is key to changing the face of tourism. A recent survey conducted by the author at Portland International Airport shows that over 50% of tourists entering Portland, Oregon are more eager to explore the city through local residents rather than an already planned itinerary created by travel companies. This new model, Rika, aims to shed light to the importance of connecting tourists with the technological tools that increase connectivity to the locals for a better travel experience and that fosters shared economic prosperity throughout a community achieving the goal of creating a sustainable, people driven economy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RIKA" title="RIKA">RIKA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism" title=" tourism"> tourism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=connection" title=" connection"> connection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology" title=" technology"> technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20impact" title=" economic impact"> economic impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hospitality" title=" hospitality"> hospitality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategies" title=" strategies"> strategies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tourism%20development" title=" tourism development"> tourism development</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45409/the-changing-face-of-tourism-making-the-connection-through-technological-advancement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45409.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">25</span> Correlation between Knowledge Level and Public Perception of Autopsy on Criminal Offence Victim in Pulau Punjung</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osalina%20Toemapa">Osalina Toemapa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rika%20Susanti"> Rika Susanti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Husna%20Yetti"> Husna Yetti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In criminal offense case, such as homicide, investigators may request for an autopsy to the victim without family approval in Indonesia. Generally, there has been decreasing in autopsy rate in the world over past years. Family’s refusal is one of the most common problems. The purpose of this study is to find the correlation between knowledge level and public perception of autopsy on criminal offense victim. This cross-sectional study was done from April to May 2017 in subdistrict Pulau Punjung. Participants were asked to fill the questionnaire. There are 15 questions to asses knowledge level, perception, and factors influencing autopsy refusal. The chi-square test was used for the statistical analysis. Out of the total of 436 respondents, 54,5% were found to have poor knowledge level, and 56,7% were found to have poor perception. There was a significant correlation between knowledge level and public perception (p<0,001). There are 153 respondents who decline autopsy on criminal offense victim with the most factors influencing autopsy refusal is delays in victim’s funeral (92,2%). Conclusion, knowledge level is correlated with public perception in subdistrict of Pulau Punjung, district of Dharmasraya, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Most influencing factor in autopsy refusal is delays in victim’s funeral. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge%20level" title="knowledge level">knowledge level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20perception" title=" public perception"> public perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autopsy%20on%20criminal%20offense%20victim" title=" autopsy on criminal offense victim"> autopsy on criminal offense victim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autopsy%20refusal" title=" autopsy refusal"> autopsy refusal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83320/correlation-between-knowledge-level-and-public-perception-of-autopsy-on-criminal-offence-victim-in-pulau-punjung" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/83320.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">303</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Analysis of Brain Specific Creatine Kinase of Postmortem Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum in Blunt Head Trauma Cases</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rika%20Susanti">Rika Susanti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eryati%20Darwin"> Eryati Darwin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dedi%20Afandi"> Dedi Afandi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yanwirasti"> Yanwirasti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syahruddin%20Said"> Syahruddin Said</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noverika%20Windasari"> Noverika Windasari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zelly%20Dia%20Rofinda"> Zelly Dia Rofinda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Blunt head trauma is one of the leading causes of death associated with murders and other deaths involved in criminal acts. Creatine kinase (CKBB) levels have been used as a biomarker for blunt head trauma. Therefore, it is now used as an alternative to an autopsy. The aim of this study is to investigate CKBB levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and post-mortem serum in order to deduce the cause and time of death. Method: This investigation was conducted through post-test–only group design involving deaths caused by blunt head trauma, which was compared to deaths caused by ketamine poisoning. Results: There were eight treatment groups, each consisting of six adult rats (Rattus norvegicus) Sprague-Dawley strain. Examinations were done at 0 hours, 1 hour, 2 hours, and 3 hours post-mortem, which followed by brain tissue observation. Data were then analyzed statistically with a repeated-measures general linear model. Conclusion: There were increases in the level of CKBB in CSF and postmortem serum in both blunt head trauma and ketamine poisoning treatment groups. However, there were no significant differences between these two groups. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blunt%20head%20trauma" title="blunt head trauma">blunt head trauma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CKBB" title=" CKBB"> CKBB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20cause%20of%20death" title=" the cause of death"> the cause of death</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=estimated%20time%20of%20death" title=" estimated time of death"> estimated time of death</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86063/analysis-of-brain-specific-creatine-kinase-of-postmortem-cerebrospinal-fluid-and-serum-in-blunt-head-trauma-cases" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86063.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">192</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> Identifying Characteristics of Slum in Palembang Riverbanks Area, Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rhaptyalyani%20Herno%20Della">Rhaptyalyani Herno Della</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nyimas%20Septi%20Rika%20Putri"> Nyimas Septi Rika Putri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rika%20Nabila"> Rika Nabila</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The growth of population and economic activities in urban areas needs support economic development, needs to be balanced with adequate environmental infrastructure development. Settlement can avoid from rundown condition and uninhabitable if the development of urban area accordance with healthy development. Identifying database of slum in this study reference to the Review of the Spatial Plan Development of Palembang City, Laws of Public Works Department about Technical Guidelines on the Quality Improvement Housing and Slum and Urban Spatial Global Report on Human Settlements 2003. A case study for identifying in Palembang riverbanks area are located in two districts; Ilir Timur I and Ilir Timur II. This study do the identification of slum areas based on several variables about physical and non physical aspect, then the result of identification are used to define a policy that can be used to improve the area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slum" title="slum">slum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=riverbanks%20area" title=" riverbanks area"> riverbanks area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20area" title=" urban area"> urban area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrastructure" title=" infrastructure"> infrastructure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48007/identifying-characteristics-of-slum-in-palembang-riverbanks-area-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48007.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">347</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Third Language Perception of English Initial Plosives by Mandarin-Japanese Bilinguals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rika%20Aoki">Rika Aoki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper is to investigate whether being bilinguals facilitates or impedes the perception of a third language. The present study conducted a perception experiment in which Mandarin-Japanese bilinguals categorized a Voice-Onset-Time (VOT) continuum into English /b/ or /p/. The results show that early bilinguals were influenced by both Mandarin and Japanese, while late bilinguals behaved in a similar manner to Mandarin monolinguals Thus, it can be concluded that in the present study having two languages did not help bilinguals to perceive L3 stop contrast native-likely. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bilinguals" title="bilinguals">bilinguals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=perception" title=" perception"> perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=third%20language%20acquisition" title=" third language acquisition"> third language acquisition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=voice-onset-time" title=" voice-onset-time"> voice-onset-time</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58788/third-language-perception-of-english-initial-plosives-by-mandarin-japanese-bilinguals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58788.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">292</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Erythema Multiforme Exudativum Major Caused by Isoniazid Hypersensitivity in a Child</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azwin%20Lubis">Azwin Lubis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rika%20Hapsari"> Rika Hapsari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahrah%20Hikmah"> Zahrah Hikmah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anang%20Endaryanto"> Anang Endaryanto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ariyanto%20Harsono"> Ariyanto Harsono</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Erythema Multiforme Exudativum Major (EMEM) is one of the drug allergy diseases. Drug allergies caused by isoniazid rarely causes EMEM. Cutaneous reactions caused by isoniazid were obtained in 0.98% of patients, but the precise occurrence of Steven Johnson’s Syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermolisis Necrolisis (TEN) due to isoniazid is not known for certain. We present this case to show hypersensitivity of isoniazid in a child. Based on the history of drug intake, physical diagnostic tests, drug elimination and provocation; we established the diagnosis of isoniazid hypersensitivity. The child showed improvement on skin manifestation after stopped isoniazid therapy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=erythema%20multiforme%20exudativum%20major" title="erythema multiforme exudativum major">erythema multiforme exudativum major</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypersensitivity" title=" hypersensitivity"> hypersensitivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elimination%20test" title=" elimination test"> elimination test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=provocation%20test" title=" provocation test"> provocation test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61126/erythema-multiforme-exudativum-major-caused-by-isoniazid-hypersensitivity-in-a-child" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61126.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">249</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Designing an Enterprise Architecture for Mining Company by Using Togaf Framework</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rika%20Yuliana">Rika Yuliana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Budi%20Rahardjo"> Budi Rahardjo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Role of ICT in the organization will continue to experience growth in line with business growth. However, in reality, there is a gap between ICT initiatives with the development (needs) of company business that is caused by yet inadequate of ICT strategic alignment. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim to create an enterprise architectural model rule, particularly in mining companies, using the TOGAF framework. The results from the design development phase of the mining enterprise architecture meta model represents the domain of business, applications, data, and technology. The results of the design as a whole were analyzed from four perspectives, namely the perspective of contextual, conceptual, logical and physical. In the end, the quality assessment of the mining enterprise architecture is conducted to assess the suitability of the design standards and architectural principles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20and%20development%20the%20information%20technology%20architecture" title="design and development the information technology architecture">design and development the information technology architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enterprise%20architecture" title=" enterprise architecture"> enterprise architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enterprise%20architecture%20design%20result" title=" enterprise architecture design result"> enterprise architecture design result</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TOGAF%20architecture%20development%20method%20%28ADM%29" title=" TOGAF architecture development method (ADM)"> TOGAF architecture development method (ADM)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42618/designing-an-enterprise-architecture-for-mining-company-by-using-togaf-framework" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42618.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">445</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Isolation of Antimicrobial Compounds from Marine Sponge Neopetrosia exigua</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Haitham%20Qaralleh">Haitham Qaralleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Z.%20Idid"> Syed Z. Idid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahbudin%20Saad"> Shahbudin Saad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deny%20Susanti"> Deny Susanti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Osama%20Althunibat"> Osama Althunibat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was carried out to isolate the active antimicrobial compounds from Neopetrosia exigua using bio-guided assay isolation against Staphylococcus aureus. N. exigua was extracted using methanol and subjected to liquid-liquid extraction using solvents with different polarity (n-hexane, carbon tetrachloride, dichloromethane, n-butanol and water). Purification of the active components of n-butanol and dichloromethane fractions was done using Sephadex LH-20 and reverse phase chromatography. Based on the biological guided fractionation results, dichloromethane and n-butanol fractions showed the highest antimicrobial activity. Purification of the active components of n-butanol and dichloromethane fractions yielded three compounds. The structure of the isolated compounds were elucidated and found to be 5-hydroxy-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester, cyclo-1`-demethylcystalgerone and avarol derivative. Avarol was showed potent bactericidal effect against S. aureus. N. exigua appears to be rich source of natural antimicrobial agents. Further studies are needed to investigate the mode of action of these compounds. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial" title="antimicrobial">antimicrobial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=avarol" title=" avarol"> avarol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neopetrosia%20exigua" title=" Neopetrosia exigua"> Neopetrosia exigua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Staphylococcus%20aureus" title=" Staphylococcus aureus"> Staphylococcus aureus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10115/isolation-of-antimicrobial-compounds-from-marine-sponge-neopetrosia-exigua" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10115.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">434</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> The Problems with the Amendment of a Living Trust in South Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rika%20van%20Zyl">Rika van Zyl</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It was ruled that an inter vivos trust must be amended according to the rules of the stipulatio alteri, or ‘contract in favour of a third party’, that South African adopted from its Roman-Dutch common law. The application of the principles of the stipulatio alteri on the inter vivos trust has developed in case law to imply that once the beneficiary has accepted benefits, he becomes a party to the contract. This consequently means that he must consent to any amendments that the trustees want to make. This poses practical difficulties such as finding all the beneficiaries that have accepted to sign the amendment that the trustees would want to circumvent in administering the trust. One of the questions relating to this issue is, however, whether the principles of the stipulatio alteri are correctly interpreted and consequently applied to the inter vivos trust to mean that the beneficiaries who accepted must consent to any amendment. The subsequent question relates to the rights the beneficiary receives upon acceptance. There seems to be a different view of what a vested right or a contingent right of the beneficiary means in relation to the inter vivos trust. These rights also have an impact on the amendment of a trust deed. Such an investigation and refining of the interpretation of the stipulatio alteri’s application on the inter vivos trust may result in solutions to circumvent the adverse effects of getting the beneficiary’s consent for amendments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inter%20vivos%20trust" title="inter vivos trust">inter vivos trust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stipulatio%20alteri" title=" stipulatio alteri"> stipulatio alteri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amendment" title=" amendment"> amendment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beneficiary%20rights" title=" beneficiary rights"> beneficiary rights</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96582/the-problems-with-the-amendment-of-a-living-trust-in-south-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96582.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">170</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Glorification Trap in Combating Human Trafficking in Indonesia: An Application of Three-Dimensional Model of Anti-Trafficking Policy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Kosandi">M. Kosandi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Susanti"> V. Susanti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20I.%20Subono"> N. I. Subono</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Kartini"> E. Kartini</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper discusses the risk of glorification trap in combating human trafficking, as it is shown in the case of Indonesia. Based on a research on Indonesian combat against trafficking in 2017-2018, this paper shows the tendency of misinterpretation and misapplication of the Indonesian anti-trafficking law into misusing the law for glorification, to create an image of certain extent of achievement in combating human trafficking. The objective of this paper is to explain the persistent occurrence of human trafficking crimes despite the significant progress of anti-trafficking efforts of Indonesian government. The research was conducted in 2017-2018 by qualitative approach through observation, depth interviews, discourse analysis, and document study, applying the three-dimensional model for analyzing human trafficking in the source country. This paper argues that the drive for glorification of achievement in the combat against trafficking has trapped Indonesian government in the loop of misinterpretation, misapplication, and misuse of the anti-trafficking law. In return, the so-called crime against humanity remains high and tends to increase in Indonesia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20trafficking" title="human trafficking">human trafficking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-trafficking%20policy" title=" anti-trafficking policy"> anti-trafficking policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transnational%20crime" title=" transnational crime"> transnational crime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=source%20country" title=" source country"> source country</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glorification%20trap" title=" glorification trap"> glorification trap</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104170/glorification-trap-in-combating-human-trafficking-in-indonesia-an-application-of-three-dimensional-model-of-anti-trafficking-policy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104170.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">167</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Hydraulic Performance of Urban Drainage System Using SWMM: A Case Study of Siti Khadijah Retention Pond in Palembang City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20B.%20Al%20Amin">Muhammad B. Al Amin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nyimas%20S.%20Rika"> Nyimas S. Rika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dwi%20F.%20Yanto"> Dwi F. Yanto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcelina"> Marcelina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Siti Khadijah retention pond is located beside of Siti Khadijah Islamic Hospital on Demang Lebar Daun Street in Palembang City. This retention pond is functioned as storage for runoff from drainage channels in the surrounding area before entering Sekanak River, which is one of Musi River tributaries. However, in recent years, the developments in the surrounding area into paved area trigger to increase runoff discharge that causes the pond can no longer store it adequately. This study aimed to investigate the hydraulic performance of drainage system in the area around Siti Khadijah retention pond. A SWMM model was used to simulate runoff discharge into the pond and out from the pond, so the water level fluctuation within the pond and its capacity could be determined. Besides that, the water depth within drainage channels was simulated as well. The results showed that capacity of retention pond and some drainage channels already inadequate, so the area around it potentially to be flooded. Thus, it is necessary to increase the capacity of the retention pond and drainage channels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flood" title="flood">flood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retention%20pond" title=" retention pond"> retention pond</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SWMM" title=" SWMM"> SWMM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20drainage%20system" title=" urban drainage system"> urban drainage system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36591/hydraulic-performance-of-urban-drainage-system-using-swmm-a-case-study-of-siti-khadijah-retention-pond-in-palembang-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36591.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">446</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Separation of Oryzanol from Rice Bran Oil Using Silica: Equilibrium of Batch Adsorption</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20D.%20Susanti">A. D. Susanti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20B.%20Sediawan"> W. B. Sediawan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20K.%20Wirawan"> S. K. Wirawan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Budhijanto"> Budhijanto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ritmaleni"> Ritmaleni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rice bran oil contains significant amounts of oryzanol, a natural antioxidant that considered has higher antioxidant activity than vitamin E (tocopherol). Oryzanol reviewed has several health properties and interested in pharmacy, nutrition, and cosmetics. For practical usage, isolation and purification would be necessary due to the low concentration of oryzanol in crude rice bran oil (0.9-2.9%). Batch chromatography has proved as a promising process for the oryzanol recovery, but productivity was still low and scale-up processes of industrial interest have not yet been described. In order to improve productivity of batch chromatography, a continuous chromatography design namely Simulated Moving Bed (SMB) concept have been proposed. The SMB concept has interested for continuous commercial scale separation of binary system (oryzanol and rice bran oil), and rice bran oil still obtained as side product. Design of SMB chromatography for oryzanol separation requires quantification of its equilibrium. In this study, equilibrium of oryzanol separation conducted in batch adsorption using silica as the adsorbent and n-hexane/acetone (9:1) as the eluent. Three isotherm models, namely the Henry, Langmuir, and Freundlich equations, have been applied and modified for the experimental data to establish appropriate correlation for each sample. It turned out that the model quantitatively describe the equilibrium experimental data and will directed for design of SMB chromatography. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title="adsorption">adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equilibrium" title=" equilibrium"> equilibrium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oryzanol" title=" oryzanol"> oryzanol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20bran%20oil" title=" rice bran oil"> rice bran oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulated%20moving%20bed" title=" simulated moving bed"> simulated moving bed</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30372/separation-of-oryzanol-from-rice-bran-oil-using-silica-equilibrium-of-batch-adsorption" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30372.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">283</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Debussy's Piano Music: Style Characteristics in Three Categories</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rika%20Uchida">Rika Uchida</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Claude Debussy's piano works can be divided into three categories in terms of style characteristics. The first category includes works which are strongly impressionistic, evoking a mood or an atmosphere, rather than making a direct, clear statement. These works often depict nature, and they are descriptive and sensitive in their character. Harmonic vocabulary is often complex, and the sense of tonality is often ambiguous in those works. Examples which belong to this category are ‘Clair de lune’ from Suite Bergamasque, Deux Arabesques, and ‘Reflets dans l'eau’ from Images Book 2. The second category shows little or no trace of impressionism. Works are not descriptive; rather, they are classical or absolute. Examples which belong to this category are Pour le Piano, ‘Hommage à Rameau’ and ‘Movement’ from Images Book 1 and Etudes. The third category can be called exotic. Debussy had a great interest in foreign lands such as the Far and Near East, and Spain. He employs pentatonic and quartal harmonies to describe the Orient, occasionally using the effect of the Javanese gamelan, which impressed him at the Paris Exhibition. His compositions in the Spanish style evoke the atmosphere of Spain. Though he borrowed some techniques from Spanish composers whom he knew, the tonal experimentation which occurs in these works sets them apart. Examples which belong to this category are ‘Pagodes’ and ‘la Soiree dans Grenade’ from Estampes, ‘la Puerta del Vino’ from Preludes Book 2. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music" title="music">music</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piano" title=" piano"> piano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Debussy" title=" Debussy"> Debussy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=style" title=" style"> style</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133673/debussys-piano-music-style-characteristics-in-three-categories" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133673.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">156</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Oryzanol Recovery from Rice Bran Oil: Adsorption Equilibrium Models Through Kinetics Data Approachments </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.D.%20Susanti">A.D. Susanti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20B.%20Sediawan"> W. B. Sediawan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.K.%20Wirawan"> S.K. Wirawan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Budhijanto"> Budhijanto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ritmaleni"> Ritmaleni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Oryzanol content in rice bran oil (RBO) naturally has high antioxidant activity. Its reviewed has several health properties and high interested in pharmacy, cosmetics, and nutrition’s. Because of the low concentration of oryzanol in crude RBO (0.9-2.9%) then its need to be further processed for practical usage, such as via adsorption process. In this study, investigation and adjustment of adsorption equilibrium models were conducted through the kinetic data approachments. Mathematical modeling on kinetics of batch adsorption of oryzanol separation from RBO has been set-up and then applied for equilibrium results. The size of adsorbent particles used in this case are usually relatively small then the concentration in the adsorbent is assumed to be not different. Hence, the adsorption rate is controlled by the rate of oryzanol mass transfer from the bulk fluid of RBO to the surface of silica gel. In this approachments, the rate of mass transfer is assumed to be proportional to the concentration deviation from the equilibrium state. The equilibrium models applied were Langmuir, coefficient distribution, and Freundlich with the values of the parameters obtained from equilibrium results. It turned out that the models set-up can quantitatively describe the experimental kinetics data and the adjustment of the values of equilibrium isotherm parameters significantly improves the accuracy of the model. And then the value of mass transfer coefficient per unit adsorbent mass (kca) is obtained by curve fitting. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption%20equilibrium" title="adsorption equilibrium">adsorption equilibrium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption%20kinetics" title=" adsorption kinetics"> adsorption kinetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oryzanol" title=" oryzanol"> oryzanol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rice%20bran%20oil" title=" rice bran oil "> rice bran oil </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31079/oryzanol-recovery-from-rice-bran-oil-adsorption-equilibrium-models-through-kinetics-data-approachments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31079.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">323</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> Modeling Continuous Flow in a Curved Channel Using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indri%20Mahadiraka%20Rumamby">Indri Mahadiraka Rumamby</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20R.%20Dwinanti%20Rika%20Marthanty"> R. R. Dwinanti Rika Marthanty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jessica%20Sjah"> Jessica Sjah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) was originally created to simulate nonaxisymmetric phenomena in astrophysics. However, this method still has several shortcomings, namely the high computational cost required to model values with high resolution and problems with boundary conditions. The difficulty of modeling boundary conditions occurs because the SPH method is influenced by particle deficiency due to the integral of the kernel function being truncated by boundary conditions. This research aims to answer if SPH modeling with a focus on boundary layer interactions and continuous flow can produce quantifiably accurate values with low computational cost. This research will combine algorithms and coding in the main program of meandering river, continuous flow algorithm, and solid-fluid algorithm with the aim of obtaining quantitatively accurate results on solid-fluid interactions with the continuous flow on a meandering channel using the SPH method. This study uses the Fortran programming language for modeling the SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics) numerical method; the model is conducted in the form of a U-shaped meandering open channel in 3D, where the channel walls are soil particles and uses a continuous flow with a limited number of particles. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smoothed%20particle%20hydrodynamics" title="smoothed particle hydrodynamics">smoothed particle hydrodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title=" computational fluid dynamics"> computational fluid dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluid%20mechanics" title=" fluid mechanics"> fluid mechanics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149236/modeling-continuous-flow-in-a-curved-channel-using-smoothed-particle-hydrodynamics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149236.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Characteristic of Taro (Colocasia esculenta), Seaweed (Gracilaria Sp.), and Fishes Bone Collagens Flour Based Analog Rice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20S.%20Darmanto">Y. S. Darmanto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20H.%20Riyadi"> P. H. Riyadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Susanti"> S. Susanti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, approximately 9.1 million people of 237.56 million of Indonesian population suffer diabetes. Such condition was caused by high rice consumption of most Indonesian people. It has been known that rice contains low amylose, high calorie, and possesses hyperglycemic properties. Through this study, we tried to solve that problem by creating a super food in order to provide an alternative healthy and balanced diet. We formulated Taro and Seaweed flour based analog rice that fortified by various fishes bone collagens. Corms of Taro contain easily digestible starch and seaweed is rich in fiber, vitamin, and mineral. That mixture was fortified with collagen-containing unique amino acids such as glysine, lysine, alanine, arginine, proline, and hydroxyprolin. Subsequently, super analog rice was characterized about its nutritional composition such are proximate analyses, water, dietary fiber and amylose content. Furthermore, its morphological structure was analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy while the level of consumer preferences was performed by hedonic test. Results demonstrated that fortification by using various fishes bone collagen into analog rice were significantly different in nutritional composition, morphological structure as well as its preferences. Thus, this study was expected as new avenue in functional food discovery especially in the treatment and prevention of diabetic diseases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analogue%20rice" title="analogue rice">analogue rice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taro" title=" taro"> taro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seaweed" title=" seaweed"> seaweed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collagen" title=" collagen"> collagen</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56944/characteristic-of-taro-colocasia-esculenta-seaweed-gracilaria-sp-and-fishes-bone-collagens-flour-based-analog-rice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56944.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">264</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Numerical Simulation of Unsteady Cases of Fluid Flow Using Modified Dynamic Boundary Condition (mDBC) in Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Exa%20Heydemans">Exa Heydemans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jessica%20Sjah"> Jessica Sjah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dwinanti%20Rika%20Marthanty"> Dwinanti Rika Marthanty</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents numerical simulations using an open boundary algorithm with modified dynamic boundary condition (mDBC) for weakly compressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics models from particle-based code Dualsphysics. The problems of piping erosion in dams and dikes are aimed for studying the algorithm. The case 2D model of unsteady fluid flow past around a fixed cylinder is simulated, where various values of Reynold’s numbers (Re40, Re60, Re80, and Re100) and different model’s resolution are considered. A constant velocity with different values of viscosity for generating various Reynold’s numbers and different numbers of particles over a cylinder for the resolution are modeled. The interaction between solid particles of the cylinder and fluid particles is concerned. The cylinder is affected by the hydrodynamics force caused by the flow of fluid particles. The solid particles of the cylinder are the observation points to obtain force and pressure due to the hydrodynamics forces. As results of the simulation, which is to show the capability to model 2D unsteady with various Reynold’s numbers, the pressure coefficient, drag coefficient, lift coefficient, and Strouhal number are compared to the previous work from literature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrodynamics" title="hydrodynamics">hydrodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20erosion" title=" internal erosion"> internal erosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dualsphysics" title=" dualsphysics"> dualsphysics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscous%20fluid%20flow" title=" viscous fluid flow"> viscous fluid flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142258/numerical-simulation-of-unsteady-cases-of-fluid-flow-using-modified-dynamic-boundary-condition-mdbc-in-smoothed-particle-hydrodynamics-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142258.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Equal Right to Inherit: A South African Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rika%20van%20Zyl">Rika van Zyl</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> South Africa’s racial discrimination past has led to the drafting of the Constitution with the Bill of Rights for the people of South Africa. The Bill of Rights prohibits the state from unfairly discriminating directly or indirectly on certain grounds, one of which is race and another is gender. This has forced changes to the law of succession. The customary law rule of male primogeniture was abolished to ensure that women were not excluded from the intestate succession of the male head of the family in 2005. It was said that this rule cannot be reconciled with the notions of equality and human dignity contained in the Bill of Rights. The freedom of testation has further come under fire in South Africa, where it was found to be unfair discrimination and against public policy to exclude a specific gender (women) from inheriting in a private will. Although no one has the right to inherit in South Africa, any person with an interest can approach the court alleging that a right in the Bill of Rights has been infringed. A will that is found inconsistent with the South African Bill of Rights then cannot be enforced. Recent case law found that to leave out a specific gender (women) from a will, based entirely on the fact that they are of said specific gender, is in contravention of the Constitution and should, therefore, be declared invalid. It was said that the courts should take a transformative constitutional approach when equality rights are affected. Otherwise, the historical and insidious unequal distribution of wealth in South Africa will continue along the fault lines such as gender. This decision has opened the debate on the extent to which the state can interfere with the private autonomy of an individual who is deceased. Some of these arguments will be discussed, including the ambit of public policy in this regard. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equality" title="equality">equality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrimination" title=" discrimination"> discrimination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=succession" title=" succession"> succession</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20policy" title=" public policy"> public policy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182199/equal-right-to-inherit-a-south-african-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182199.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">50</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Aural Skills Pedagogy for Students with Absolute Pitch</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rika%20Uchida">Rika Uchida</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In teaching sophomore level aural skills, I have dealt with students with absolute pitch do poorly in my courses, particularly in harmonic dictation. They can identify triads; however, identifying quality of seventh chords or chromatic chords poses serious challenges. Most often, they need to spell all the pitches before identifying the chord qualities and Roman Numerals. Growing up in a country where acquiring absolute pitch is considered essential, I started my early music training with fixed do system at age three and learned all my music with solfege. When I was assigned as a TA in aural skills courses at graduate school in US, I had to learn relative pitch quickly. My survival method was listening to music with absolute pitch first, then quickly "translate" to relative pitch. In teaching my courses, I have been using chord progressions (5-8 chords total), in which students are asked to sing chord arpeggiation with movable do solfege. I use same progressions for harmonic dictation; I hoped that students learn to incorporate singing and listening skills by overlapping same materials. This method has proven to be successful for most students; in particular, it has helped students with absolute pitch to hear chord quality and function. Although original progressions are written in C as a tonic, they can identify chords in harmonic dictation in other keys as well. In short, I believe singing chord progression with movable do arpeggiation helps students with absolute pitch to improve hearing function and quality of chords in harmonic dictation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aural%20skills%20pedagogy" title="aural skills pedagogy">aural skills pedagogy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music%20theory" title=" music theory"> music theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absolute%20pitch" title=" absolute pitch"> absolute pitch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=harmonic%20dictation" title=" harmonic dictation"> harmonic dictation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119257/aural-skills-pedagogy-for-students-with-absolute-pitch" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119257.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">145</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Effects of Marinating with Cashew Apple Extract on the Bacterial Growth of Beef and Chicken Meat</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Susanti">S. Susanti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20P.%20Bintoro"> V. P. Bintoro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Setiadi"> A. Setiadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20I.%20Santoso"> S. I. Santoso</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20R.%20Febriandi"> D. R. Febriandi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Meat is a foodstuff of animal origin. It is perishable because a suitable medium for bacterial growth. That is why meat can be a potential hazard to humans. Several ways have been done to inhibit bacterial population in an effort to prolong the meat shelf-life. However, aberration sometimes happens in the practices of meat preservation, for example by using chemical material that possessed strong antibacterial activity like formaldehyde. For health reason, utilization of formaldehyde as a food preservative was forbidden because of DNA damage resulting cancer and birth defects. Therefore, it is important to seek a natural food preservative that is not harmful to the body. This study aims to reveal the potency of cashew apple as natural food preservative by measuring its antibacterial activity and marinating effect on the bacterial growth of beef and chicken meat. Antibacterial activity was measured by The Kirby-Bauer method while bacterial growth was determined by total plate count method. The results showed that inhibition zone of 10-30% cashew apple extract significantly wider compared to 0% extract on the medium of E. coli, S. aureus, S. typii, and Bacillus sp. Furthermore, beef marinated with 20-30% cashew apple extract and chicken meat marinated with 5-15% extract significantly less in the total number of bacteria compared to 0% extract. It can be concluded that marinating with 5-30% cashew apple extract can effectively inhibit the bacterial growth of beef and chicken meat. Moreover, the concentration of extracts to inhibit bacterial populations in chicken meat was reached at the lower level compared to beef. Thus, cashew apple is potential as a natural food preservative. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacterial%20growth" title="bacterial growth">bacterial growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cashew%20apple" title=" cashew apple"> cashew apple</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marinating" title=" marinating"> marinating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meat" title=" meat"> meat</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51485/effects-of-marinating-with-cashew-apple-extract-on-the-bacterial-growth-of-beef-and-chicken-meat" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51485.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">276</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Assessing Household Energy Savings and Consumer Behavior in Padang City</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prima%20Fithri">Prima Fithri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lusi%20Susanti"> Lusi Susanti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karin%20Bestarina"> Karin Bestarina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Indonesia's electrification ratio is still around 80.1%, which means that approximately 19.9% of households in Indonesia have not been getting the flow of electrical energy. Household electricity consumptions in Indonesia are generally still dominated by the public urban. In the city of Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia, about 94.10% are power users of government services (PLN). The most important thing of the issue is human resources efficient energy. Consumer behavior in utilizing electricity becomes significant. Intensive questioner survey, in-depth interview and statistical analysis are carried out to collect scientific evidences of the behavioral based changes instruments to reduce electricity consumption in household sector. The questioner was developed to include five factors assuming affect the electricity consumption pattern in household sector. They are: attitude, energy price, household income, knowledge and other determinants. The survey was carried out in Padang, West Sumatra Province Indonesia. About 210 questioner papers were proportionally distributed to households in 11 districts in Padang. Stratified sampling was used as a method to select respondents. The results show that the household size, income, payment methods and size of house are factors affecting electricity saving behavior in residential sector. Household expenses on electricity are strongly influenced by gender, type of job, level of education, size of house, income, payment method and level of installed power. These results provide a scientific evidence for stakeholders on the potential of controlling electricity consumption and designing energy policy by government in residential sector. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electricity" title="electricity">electricity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20saving" title=" energy saving"> energy saving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=household" title=" household"> household</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavior" title=" behavior"> behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=policy" title=" policy"> policy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21931/assessing-household-energy-savings-and-consumer-behavior-in-padang-city" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21931.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">523</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Influence Activities in Destination, Destination Marketing, and Loyalty through Environmental Preservation toward Satisfaction at the Tourist Destinations in East Java, Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christina%20Esti%20Susanti">Christina Esti Susanti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aimed to determine the effect Activities in marketing, Destination Marketing, and Environmental preservation loyalty through satisfaction at tourist destination in East Java, Indonesia. In this study population used is Surabaya citizens who had visited tourist destination in East Java, Indonesia. Characteristics of a sample of respondents in this study are: a minimum age of 17 years, and ever came in tourist destination in East Java, Indonesia with each destination more than 1 visits. Total sample 316 respondents. Data analysis tools which is used in this study is a structural equation modeling. Based on the analysis, the results of this study can be concluded that the hypothesis 1, 2, 5, and 6 are proposed in this study was rejected because not significant. The hypotheses are: (1) Activities in destination have influence which is positive effect on satisfaction in the tourist destination in East Java, Indonesia, (2) Destination marketing have influence which is positive effect on satisfaction in the tourist destination in East Java, Indonesia, (3) Activities in destination have influence which is positive effect towards loyalty through satisfaction in a tourist destination in East Java, Indonesia. (4) Destination marketing have influence which is positive effect on loyalty through satisfaction in a tourist destination in East Java, Indonesia. While the hypothesis 3, 4, and 7, is received. The hypotheses are: (1) Environmental preservation have influence which is positive effect and significant on satisfaction in the tourist destination in East Java, Indonesia. (2) Satisfaction have influence which is positive effect and significant on loyalty to the tourist destination in East Java, Indonesia. (3) Environmental preservation have influence which is positive effect and significant on loyalty through satisfaction in a tourist destination in East Java, Indonesia. Practical advice submitted to the management of tourist destinations, especially in the 10 areas where research was conducted for more attention to the condition of the physical environment to be around tourist spots / attractions, namely: the condition of roads, water supply conditions, the condition of drainage / sanitation, and the condition waste more seriously. Based on the proposal, the manager of a tourist destination seems to be working closely with the local municipal sanitation departments, local water companies local city and town local public works departments to jointly manage a tourist destination considering regional tourism is one of the region's assets and become one sources of local revenue (PAD) is vital. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activities%20in%20marketing" title="activities in marketing">activities in marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=destination%20amarketing" title=" destination amarketing"> destination amarketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20preservation" title=" environmental preservation"> environmental preservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=satisfaction" title=" satisfaction"> satisfaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=loyalty" title=" loyalty"> loyalty</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52407/influence-activities-in-destination-destination-marketing-and-loyalty-through-environmental-preservation-toward-satisfaction-at-the-tourist-destinations-in-east-java-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52407.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">553</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Dialysis Rehabilitation and Muscle Hypertrophy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Itsuo%20Yokoyama">Itsuo Yokoyama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rika%20Kikuti"> Rika Kikuti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naoko%20Watabe"> Naoko Watabe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: It has been known that chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients can benefit from physical exercise during dialysis therapy improving aerobic capacity, muscle function, cardiovascular function, and overall health-related quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of dialysis rehabilitation. Materials and Methods: A total of 55 patients underwent two-hour resistance exercise training during each hemodialysis session for three consecutive months. Various routine clinical data were collected, including the calculation of the planar dimension of the muscle area in both upper legs at the level of the ischial bone. This area calculation was possible in 26 patients who had yearly plain abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans. DICOM files from the CT scans were used with 3D Slicer software for area calculation. An age and sex-matched group of 26 patients without dialysis rehabilitation also had yearly CT scans during the study period for comparison. Clinical data were compared between the two groups: Group A (rehabilitation) and Group B (non-rehabilitation). Results: There were no differences in basic laboratory data between the two groups. The average muscle area before and after rehabilitation in Group A was 212 cm² and 216 cm², respectively. In Group B, the average areas were 230.0 cm² and 225.8 cm². While there was no significant difference in absolute values, the average percentage increase in muscle area was +1.2% (ranging from -7.6% to 6.54%) for Group A and -2.0% (ranging from -12.1% to 4.9%) for Group B, which was statistically significant. In Group A, 9 of 26 were diabetic (DM), and 13 of 26 in Group B were non-DM. The increase in muscle area for DM patients was 4.9% compared to -0.7% for non-DM patients, which was significantly different. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of nutritional assessment, Kt/V, or incidence of clinical complications such as cardiovascular events. Considerations: Dialysis rehabilitation has been reported to prevent muscle atrophy by increasing muscle fibers and capillaries. This study demonstrated that muscle volume increased after dialysis exercise, as evidenced by the increased muscle area in the thighs. Notably, diabetic patients seemed to benefit more from dialysis exercise than non-diabetics. Although this study is preliminary due to its relatively small sample size, it suggests that intradialytic physical training may improve insulin utilization in muscle fiber cells, particularly in type II diabetic patients where insulin receptor function and signaling are altered. Further studies are needed to investigate the detailed mechanisms underlying the muscle hypertrophic effects of dialysis exercise. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dialysis" title="dialysis">dialysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=excercise" title=" excercise"> excercise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle" title=" muscle"> muscle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypertrophy" title=" hypertrophy"> hypertrophy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetes" title=" diabetes"> diabetes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insulin" title=" insulin"> insulin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191261/dialysis-rehabilitation-and-muscle-hypertrophy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191261.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">19</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Achieving Household Electricity Saving Potential Through Behavioral Change</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lusi%20Susanti">Lusi Susanti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prima%20Fithri"> Prima Fithri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The rapid growth of Indonesia population is directly proportional to the energy needs of the country, but not all of Indonesian population can relish the electricity. Indonesia's electrification ratio is still around 80.1%, which means that approximately 19.9% of households in Indonesia have not been getting the flow of electrical energy. Household electricity consumptions in Indonesia are generally still dominated by the public urban. In the city of Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia, about 94.10% are power users of government services (PLN). The most important thing of the issue is human resources efficient energy. User behavior in utilizing electricity becomes significant. However repair solution will impact the user's habits sustainable energy issues. This study attempts to identify the user behavior and lifestyle that affect household electricity consumption and to evaluate the potential for energy saving. The behavior component is frequently underestimated or ignored in analyses of household electrical energy end use, partly because of its complexity. It is influenced by socio-demographic factors, culture, attitudes, aesthetic norms and comfort, as well as social and economic variables. Intensive questioner survey, in-depth interview and statistical analysis are carried out to collect scientific evidences of the behavioral based changes instruments to reduce electricity consumption in household sector. The questioner was developed to include five factors assuming affect the electricity consumption pattern in household sector. They are: attitude, energy price, household income, knowledge and other determinants. The survey was carried out in Padang, West Sumatra Province Indonesia. About 210 questioner papers were proportionally distributed to households in 11 districts in Padang. Stratified sampling was used as a method to select respondents. The results show that the household size, income, payment methods and size of house are factors affecting electricity saving behavior in residential sector. Household expenses on electricity are strongly influenced by gender, type of job, level of education, size of house, income, payment method and level of installed power. These results provide a scientific evidence for stakeholders on the potential of controlling electricity consumption and designing energy policy by government in residential sector. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electricity" title="electricity">electricity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20saving" title=" energy saving"> energy saving</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=household" title=" household"> household</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavior" title=" behavior"> behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=policy" title=" policy"> policy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21589/achieving-household-electricity-saving-potential-through-behavioral-change" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21589.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">438</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Ancient Malay and Spice Trade Routes: A Study of Ancient Malay from the Perspectives of Linguistics and Archaeology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Totok%20Suhardijanto">Totok Suhardijanto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ninie%20Susanti%20Tedjowasono"> Ninie Susanti Tedjowasono</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper discusses the relationship between the distribution of Ancient Malay inscriptions and Spice Trade Route, especially in the relation with material cultures that accompany them, to understand how Malay could spread out around the archipelago beyond its original native-speakers’ region. The archipelago was known as the Spice Islands from the very beginning of the first century due to mace, cloves, and nutmeg that were originally exclusively found there. According to the Indian record, since the 2nd century, there has been a contact established between Indian and Indonesian people. A Chinese document from 3rd Century has mentioned Wangka (now widely known as Bangka) an island near Sumatra where some Chinese expeditions had visited. All of these records supported the existence of a maritime trade system and route between the archipelago and other countries during the first millennium. This paper will discuss first the Ancient Malay inscription spread around the archipelago from the perspectives of language variation and writing system style. Analyzing language variations of inscriptions certainly is not as easy as studying current spoken language variations in modern sociolinguistics. A huge amount of data is available for such kind of studies. On the contrary, in language variation research with inscription texts as an object, data is insufficient. Other resources will be needed to support the linguistic analysis. For this reason, this research made use of epigraphical evidence in the surrounding areas of the inscriptions to explain the variation of language and writing style. The research next expands the analysis to figure out the relationship between language variation and inscriptions distribution to the Spice Trade Route that spreads from the Molucca Sea to Mediterranian Sea. Data in this research consists of six different inscriptions: Kedukan Bukit, Koto Kapur, Dapunta Salendra, Sang Hyang Wintang, Ligor, and Laguna from the 7th-9th Century and found in Sumatra, Jawa, and the Philippines. In addition, as a comparative resource, this research also used Hikayat Tanjung Tanah, the first-founded Ancient Malay manuscript. In language analysis, we conduct a sociolinguistic method to explore the language variation and writing style of the inscriptions. For dealing with archaeological data, we conducted a hermeneutic method to analyze the possible meaning and social uses of the data. Language variations and writing system style in this research can be classified into two main groups. The language, epigraphical, and archaeological evidence explain that Ancient Malay had been widely used in the Eastern area of Spice Trade Route because it played an important role in the region as a lingua franca between people from different ethnic groups with different languages. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ancient%20Malay" title="Ancient Malay">Ancient Malay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Spice%20trade%20route" title=" Spice trade route"> Spice trade route</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=language%20variation" title=" language variation"> language variation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=writing%20system%20variation" title=" writing system variation"> writing system variation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80645/ancient-malay-and-spice-trade-routes-a-study-of-ancient-malay-from-the-perspectives-of-linguistics-and-archaeology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80645.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> The Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Genotype 2 (PRRSV-2)-derived Oncolytic Protein Reprograms Tumor-Associated Macrophages</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farrah%20Putri%20Salmanida">Farrah Putri Salmanida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mei-Li%20Wu"> Mei-Li Wu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rika%20Wahyuningtyas"> Rika Wahyuningtyas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen-Bin%20Chung"> Wen-Bin Chung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hso-Chi%20Chaung"> Hso-Chi Chaung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ko-Tung%20Chang"> Ko-Tung Chang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Within the field of immunotherapy, oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) employs dual approaches that directly eliminate tumor cells while preserving healthy ones and indirectly reprogram the tumor microenvironment (TME) to elicit antitumor responses. Within the TME, tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) manifest characteristics akin to those of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, thus earning the designation of M2-like TAMs. In prior research, two antigens denoted as A1 (g6Ld10T) and A3 (ORF6L5), derived from a complete sequence of ORF5 with partial sequence of ORF6 in Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Genotype 2 (PRRSV-2), demonstrated the capacity to repolarize M2-type porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) into M1 phenotypes. In this study, we sought for utilizing OVT strategies by introducing A1 or A3 on TAMs to endow them with the anti-tumor traits of M1 macrophages while retaining their capacity to target cancer cells. Upon exposing human THP-1-derived M2 macrophages to a cross-species test with 2 µg/ml of either A1 or A3 for 24 hours, real time PCR revealed that A3, but not A1, treated cells exhibited upregulated gene expressions of M1 markers (CCR7, IL-1ß, CCL2, Cox2, CD80). These cells reacted to virus-derived antigen, as evidenced by increased expression of pattern-recognition receptors TLR3, TLR7, and TLR9, subsequently providing feedback in the form of type I interferon responses like IFNAR1, IFN-ß, IRF3, IRF7, OAS1, Mx1, and ISG15. Through an MTT assay, only after 15 µg/ml of A3 treatment could the cell viability decrease, with a predicted IC50 of 16.96 µg/ml. Interestingly, A3 caused dose-dependent toxicity to a rat C6 glial cancer cell line even at doses as low as 2.5 µg/ml and reached its IC50 at 9.419 µg/ml. Using Annexin V/7AAD staining and PCR test, we deduced that a significant proportion of C6 cells were undergoing the early apoptosis phase predominantly through the intrinsic apoptosis cascade involving Bcl-2 family proteins. Following this stage, we conducted a test on A3’s repolarization ability, which revealed a significant rise in M1 gene expression markers, such as TNF, CD80, and IL-1ß, in M2-like TAMs generated in vitro from murine RAW264.7 macrophages grown with conditioned medium of 4T1 breast cancer cells. This was corroborated by the results of transcriptome analysis, which revealed that the primary subset among the top 10 to top 30 significantly upregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) dominantly consisted of M1 macrophages profiles, including Ccl3, Ccl4, Csf3, TNF, Bcl6b, Stc1, and Dusp2. Our findings unveiled the remarkable potential of the PRRSV-derived antigen A3 to repolarize macrophages while also being capable of selectively inducing apoptosis in cancerous cells. While further in vivo study is needed for A3, it holds promise as an adjuvant by its dual effects in cancer therapy modalities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer%20cell%20apoptosis" title="cancer cell apoptosis">cancer cell apoptosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interferon%20responses" title=" interferon responses"> interferon responses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macrophage%20repolarization" title=" macrophage repolarization"> macrophage repolarization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recombinant%20protein" title=" recombinant protein"> recombinant protein</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173836/the-porcine-reproductive-and-respiratory-syndrome-virus-genotype-2-prrsv-2-derived-oncolytic-protein-reprograms-tumor-associated-macrophages" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/173836.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); 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