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.bgpar{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Entete_flag.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .flex-container{display:flex;flex-wrap:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .flex-container>div{margin:1px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sk-container{display:flex;width:auto}.mw-parser-output .sk-container>div{margin:1px;text-align:center;float:none}.mw-parser-output .EX-hover:hover{background:black;color:white}.mw-parser-output .CR-hover:hover{background:red;color:black}.mw-parser-output .SE-hover:hover{background:orange;color:black}.mw-parser-output .DE-hover:hover{background:yellow;color:black}.mw-parser-output .VU-hover:hover{background:yellowgreen;color:black}.mw-parser-output .NE-hover:hover{background:silver;color:black}.mw-parser-output .EX-hover a{color:white}.mw-parser-output .EX-hover:hover{color:white}.mw-parser-output .CR-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .CR-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .SE-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output 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.25s ease-in-out}.mw-parser-output .toggle:checked+.lbl-toggle+.collapsible-content{max-height:100vh}.mw-parser-output .toggle:checked+.lbl-toggle::before{transform:rotate(90deg)translateX(-3px)}.mw-parser-output .toggle:checked+.lbl-toggle{border-bottom-right-radius:0;border-bottom-left-radius:0}.mw-parser-output .details,.mw-parser-output .show,.mw-parser-output .hide:target{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hide:target+.show,.mw-parser-output .hide:target~.details{display:block}.mw-parser-output .bgwiki{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Wikipedia_pictogram.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .humor{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Smiley_green_alien_%28transparent%29.png")no-repeat top right}.mw-parser-output .r-tooltip{position:relative;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .r-tooltip .r-tooltiptext{visibility:hidden;width:150px;background-color:black;color:#fff;text-align:center;border-radius:6px;padding:5px 0;position:absolute;z-index:1;top:-5px;right:130%}.mw-parser-output .r-tooltip .r-tooltiptext::after{content:"";position:absolute;top:50%;left:100%;margin-top:-5px;border-width:5px;border-style:solid;border-color:transparent transparent transparent black}.mw-parser-output .r-tooltip:hover .r-tooltiptext{visibility:visible}.mw-parser-output .s-tooltip{position:relative;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .s-tooltip .s-tooltiptext{visibility:hidden;width:240px;background-color:black;color:#fff;text-align:center;border-radius:6px;padding:5px 0;position:absolute;z-index:1;top:-65px;right:130%}.mw-parser-output .s-tooltip .s-tooltiptext::after{content:"";position:absolute;top:50%;left:100%;margin-top:-5px;border-width:5px;border-style:solid;border-color:transparent transparent transparent black}.mw-parser-output .s-tooltip:hover .s-tooltiptext{visibility:visible}.mw-parser-output .s2-tooltip{position:relative;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .s2-tooltip .s2-tooltiptext{visibility:hidden;width:240px;background-color:black;color:#fff;text-align:center;border-radius:6px;padding:5px 0;position:absolute;z-index:1;top:-91px;right:130%}.mw-parser-output .s2-tooltip .s2-tooltiptext::after{content:"";position:absolute;top:50%;left:100%;margin-top:-5px;border-width:5px;border-style:solid;border-color:transparent transparent transparent black}.mw-parser-output .s2-tooltip:hover .s2-tooltiptext{visibility:visible}.mw-parser-output .i-tooltip{position:relative;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .i-tooltip .i-tooltiptext{visibility:hidden;width:340px;background-color:black;color:#fff;text-align:center;border-radius:6px;padding:5px 0;position:absolute;z-index:1;top:22px;right:-90%;z-index:1000}.mw-parser-output .i-tooltip:hover .i-tooltiptext{visibility:visible}.mw-parser-output .bg-wp{background:radial-gradient(closest-side,lightgray,transparent)}.mw-parser-output .nilai{display:inline;margin:0;padding:0;border:0}.mw-parser-output .nilai:before{content:"—";animation-name:animate;animation-duration:2s;animation-delay:1s;animation-iteration-count:infinite}@keyframes nilai{0%{content:"Memuat"}5%{content:"Mengambil data penilaian dari halaman pembicaraan"}80%{content:"Memuat"}87%{content:"Mengubah susunan templat WP Banner"}89%{content:"Menyiapkan"}98%{content:"Selesai"}100%{content:""}}</style> Bahasa Inggris (English language) adalah sebuah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Jermanik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rumpun bahasa Jermanik">bahasa Jermanik</a> yang pertama kali dituturkan di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inggris">Inggris</a> pada <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abad_Pertengahan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abad Pertengahan">Abad Pertengahan Awal</a> dan saat ini merupakan bahasa yang paling umum digunakan di seluruh dunia.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Bahasa Inggris dituturkan sebagai bahasa pertama oleh mayoritas penduduk di berbagai negara, antara lain di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Britania_Raya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Britania Raya">Inggris Raya</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Republik_Irlandia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Republik Irlandia">Irlandia</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amerika_Serikat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kanada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kanada">Kanada</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Selandia_Baru?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Selandia Baru">Selandia Baru</a>, dan sejumlah negara-negara <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karibia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karibia">Karibia</a>; serta menjadi <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_resmi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa resmi">bahasa resmi</a> di hampir 60 negara berdaulat. Bahasa Inggris adalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_ibu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa ibu">bahasa ibu</a> ketiga yang paling banyak dituturkan di seluruh dunia, setelah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Mandarin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Mandarin">bahasa Mandarin</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Spanyol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Spanyol">Spanyol</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ethnologue-2">[2]</a> Bahasa Inggris juga digunakan sebagai <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_kedua?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa kedua">bahasa kedua</a> dan bahasa resmi oleh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uni_Eropa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uni Eropa">Uni Eropa</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Negara_Persemakmuran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Negara Persemakmuran">Negara Persemakmuran</a>, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa">Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa</a>, serta beragam organisasi lainnya. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"> <table class="infobox" style="box-shadow: rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.3) 0px 1px 2px 0px, rgba(60, 64, 67, 0.15) 0px 2px 6px 2px;border-radius: 2px;; text-align:left"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above bahasa" style="margin:0.2em;font-size:130%; color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;">Bahasa Inggris <div style="font-weight:normal;margin-top:0.1em;padding-top:0.1em;border-top:1.3px solid #F9FAFC; font-size:80%">English language </div></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:William_Shakespeare_-_Sonnet_XXX_-_Rapenburg_30,_Leiden_(cropped).JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/William_Shakespeare_-_Sonnet_XXX_-_Rapenburg_30%2C_Leiden_%28cropped%29.JPG/200px-William_Shakespeare_-_Sonnet_XXX_-_Rapenburg_30%2C_Leiden_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/William_Shakespeare_-_Sonnet_XXX_-_Rapenburg_30%252C_Leiden_%2528cropped%2529.JPG/300px-William_Shakespeare_-_Sonnet_XXX_-_Rapenburg_30%252C_Leiden_%2528cropped%2529.JPG 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/William_Shakespeare_-_Sonnet_XXX_-_Rapenburg_30%252C_Leiden_%2528cropped%2529.JPG/400px-William_Shakespeare_-_Sonnet_XXX_-_Rapenburg_30%252C_Leiden_%2528cropped%2529.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1403" data-file-height="1460"></a> <div class="infobox-caption"> <div style="line-height:normal"> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.1em;line-height:1.3em; padding-right:0.5em;">Pengucapan</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:IPA_untuk_bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantuan:IPA untuk bahasa Inggris">/ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOxford_Learner's_Dictionary2015Entry:_%5Bhttp://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/us/pronunciation/english/english_1_English_%E2%80%93_Pronunciation%5D-1">[1]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.1em;line-height:1.3em; padding-right:0.5em;"> <div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"> Penutur </div></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_pertama?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa pertama">L1</a>: 372,9 juta (2022)<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ethnologue-2">[2]</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_kedua?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa kedua">L2</a>: 1,080 miliar (2022)<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ethnologue-2">[2]</a> ~1,452 miliar penutur secara keseluruhan <div style="line-height:normal; text-align:left"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25414984">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}</style> <div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""> <div class="hidden-title" style=""> Perincian data penutur </div> <div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> Jumlah penutur beserta (jika ada) metode pengambilan, jenis, tanggal, dan tempat.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-wikidata-1a9631f0d28bdcdefbcfa39f2ee641aecff17e21-v3-3">[3]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="plainlist"> <ul> <li>379.007.140 (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_ibu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa ibu">bahasa ibu</a>, 2019)</li> <li>753.359.540 (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_kedua?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa kedua">bahasa kedua</a>, 2019)</li> <li>1.132.366.680 (keseluruhan, 2019)</li> <li>339.370.920 (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_ibu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa ibu">bahasa ibu</a>, 2011)</li> <li>603.163.010 (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_kedua?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa kedua">bahasa kedua</a>, 2011)</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"> <table class="infobox mw-collapsible" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal; padding-right:0.5em;"> <div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rumpun bahasa">Rumpun bahasa</a> </div> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Templat:Silsilah_bahasa/data/Anglik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Templat:Silsilah bahasa/data/Anglik"><img alt="Lihat sumber templat}}" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r26504802">.mw-parser-output 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a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .c3-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .c3-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .c2-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .c2-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .c1-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .c1-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .c0-hover a{color:black;background:#3E5C97}.mw-parser-output .c0-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .tooltip{position:relative;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .tooltip .tooltiptext{visibility:hidden;width:120px;background-color:#F8F9FB;color:black;line-height:1.2;text-align:center;border-radius:3px;box-shadow:1px 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.35);padding:5px 0;position:absolute;z-index:1;top:150%;left:50%;margin-left:-60px;border:1px solid #C8CBD0;font-size:60%}.mw-parser-output .tooltip .tooltiptext::after{content:"";position:absolute;bottom:100%;left:50%;margin-left:-5px;border-width:5px;border-style:solid;font-size:60%;border-color:transparent transparent #C8CBD0 transparent}.mw-parser-output .tooltip:hover .tooltiptext{visibility:visible;z-index:900}.mw-parser-output .tooltip:hover .tooltiptext{visibility:visible;border:1px solid #C8CBD0;font-size:70%;z-index:900}.mw-parser-output .tooltip .tooltiptext{opacity:0;transition:opacity 0.15s;z-index:900}.mw-parser-output .tooltip:hover .tooltiptext{visibility:visible;opacity:1;z-index:900}</style> <div class="tooltip"> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/10px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/15px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/20px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512">Beberapa pesan mungkin terpotong pada perangkat mobile, apabila hal tersebut terjadi, silakan kunjungi <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Templat:Silsilah_bahasa/data/Anglik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Templat:Silsilah bahasa/data/Anglik">halaman ini</a> <hr>Klasifikasi bahasa ini dimunculkan secara otomatis dalam rangka penyeragaman padanan, beberapa parameter telah ditanggalkan dan digantikam oleh templat. </div></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"> <div style="text-align:left;margin-left:0.5em"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r14051308">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style> <div class="treeview"> <ul style="line-height:100%;padding-left:0;margin-left:0.35em"> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Indo-Eropa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rumpun bahasa Indo-Eropa">Indo-Eropa</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19860" title="Lihat butir Wikidata"><img alt="Lihat butir Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></a> <ul style="line-height:100%;padding-left:0;margin-left:0.35em"> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Jermanik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rumpun bahasa Jermanik">Jermanik</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21200" title="Lihat butir Wikidata"><img alt="Lihat butir Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></a> <ul style="line-height:100%;padding-left:0;margin-left:0.35em"> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Jermanik_Barat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rumpun bahasa Jermanik Barat">Jermanik Barat</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26721" title="Lihat butir Wikidata"><img alt="Lihat butir Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></a> <ul style="line-height:100%;padding-left:0;margin-left:0.35em"> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Ingvaeonik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumpun bahasa Ingvaeonik">Ingvaeonik</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30134" title="Lihat butir Wikidata"><img alt="Lihat butir Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r26504737">.mw-parser-output .scroll-container{display:flex;gap:10px;overflow-x:auto;max-width:96%;white-space:nowrap;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .item{min-width:100px;max-width:320px;padding:0px;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .i-tooltip{position:relative;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .i-tooltip .i-tooltiptext{visibility:hidden;width:200px;background-color:black;color:#fff;text-align:center;border-radius:6px;padding:5px 0;position:absolute;z-index:1;top:22px;right:-90%;z-index:1000}.mw-parser-output .i-tooltip:hover .i-tooltiptext{visibility:visible}</style> <div class="metadata i-tooltip"> <img alt="Cari tahu mengapa." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/10px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/15px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/20px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"> Juga dikenal sebagai rumpun Jermanik Laut Utara </div> <ul style="line-height:100%;padding-left:0;margin-left:0.35em"> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Anglo-Frisia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rumpun bahasa Anglo-Frisia">Anglo-Frisia</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5329170" title="Lihat butir Wikidata"><img alt="Lihat butir Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></a> <ul style="line-height:100%;padding-left:0;margin-left:0.35em"> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Anglikan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rumpun bahasa Anglikan">Anglikan</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1346342" title="Lihat butir Wikidata"><img alt="Lihat butir Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26504737"> <div class="metadata i-tooltip"> <img alt="Cari tahu mengapa." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/10px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/15px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/20px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"> Rumpun Anglikan, yang juga dikenal sebagai <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Anglikan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rumpun bahasa Anglikan">rumpun Jermanik Kepulauan</a>, mencakup <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Kuno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Inggris Kuno">bahasa Inggris Kuno</a> dan semua variasi linguistik yang diturunkan darinya. Untuk lebih lengkap, lihat bagan berikut: <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible"> <caption> </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="8" style="text-align:center"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Kuno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Inggris Kuno">Inggris Kuno</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Kuno_Northumbria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Inggris Kuno Northumbria">Northumbria</a></td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Kuno_Mercia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Inggris Kuno Mercia">Mercia</a></td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Kuno_Kent?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Inggris Kuno Kent">Kent</a></td> <td colspan="4" style="text-align:center"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Kuno_Saxon_Barat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Inggris Kuno Saxon Barat">Saxon Barat</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="9" style="text-align:center"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Pertengahan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Inggris Pertengahan">Inggris Pertengahan Awal</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Skots_Awal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Skots Awal">Skots Awal</a></td> <td colspan="9" style="text-align:center"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Pertengahan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Inggris Pertengahan">Inggris Pertengahan Akhir</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Skots_Pertengahan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Skots Pertengahan">Skots Pertengahan</a></td> <td colspan="5" style="text-align:center"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Modern_Awal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Inggris Modern Awal">Inggris Modern Awal</a></td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Fingal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Fingal">Fingal</a></td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Yola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Yola">Yola</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Skots_Modern&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bahasa Skots Modern (halaman belum tersedia)">Skots Modern</a></td> <td colspan="7" style="text-align:center"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Modern?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Inggris Modern">Inggris Modern Akhir</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <ul style="line-height:100%;padding-left:0;margin-left:0.35em"> <li>Bahasa Inggris  </li> </ul></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"> <table class="infobox mw-collapsible" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal; padding-right:0.5em;"> <div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"> Bentuk awal </div></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.35em;"> <div style="text-align:left;margin-left:1.2em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r14051308"> <div class="treeview"> <ul style="line-height:100%;padding-left:0;"> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Proto-Indo-Eropa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Proto-Indo-Eropa">Proto-Indo-Eropa</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Proto-Jermanik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Proto-Jermanik">Proto-Jermanik</a> <ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Kuno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Inggris Kuno">Inggris Kuno</a> <ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Pertengahan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Inggris Pertengahan">Inggris Pertengahan</a> <ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Modern_Awal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Inggris Modern Awal">Inggris Modern Awal</a> <ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"> <li>Bahasa Inggris</li> </ul></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.1em;line-height:1.3em; padding-right:0.5em;"> <div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sistem_penulisan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistem penulisan">Sistem penulisan</a> </div></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em"> <div class="plainlist"> <ul> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alfabet_Latin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alfabet Latin">Latin</a> (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Alfabet_bahasa_Inggris&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Alfabet bahasa Inggris (halaman belum tersedia)">Alfabet bahasa Inggris</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Alfabet_Rune_Anglo-Saxon&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Alfabet Rune Anglo-Saxon (halaman belum tersedia)">Alfabet Rune Anglo-Saxon</a> (kuno)</li> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Braille_bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Braille bahasa Inggris">Braille bahasa Inggris</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Unified_English_Braille&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Unified English Braille (halaman belum tersedia)">Unified English Braille</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.1em;line-height:1.3em; padding-right:0.5em;"> <div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kode_manual_bahasa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kode manual bahasa">Sistem isyarat</a> </div></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Manually_coded_English&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Manually coded English (halaman belum tersedia)">Manually coded English</a> (sistem beragam)</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="margin:0.2em;opacity:80%;color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;line-height:1.3;padding:0.2em;">Status resmi</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.1em;line-height:1.3em; padding-right:0.5em;"> <div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"> Bahasa resmi di </div></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em"> <div class="plainlist"> <ul> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Daftar_negara_yang_menuturkan_bahasa_Inggris_sebagai_bahasa_resmi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Daftar negara yang menuturkan bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa resmi">58 negara</a></li> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Daftar_negara_yang_menuturkan_bahasa_Inggris_sebagai_bahasa_resmi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Daftar negara yang menuturkan bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa resmi">31 entitas tak berdaulat</a></li> </ul> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight:normal; background:transparent; text-align:left;"> <div> Berbagai organisaai </div> </div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"> <li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa">Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa</a></li> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uni_Eropa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uni Eropa">Uni Eropa</a></li> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Persemakmuran_Bangsa-Bangsa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Persemakmuran Bangsa-Bangsa">Persemakmuran Bangsa-Bangsa</a></li> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Majelis_Eropa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Majelis Eropa">Majelis Eropa</a></li> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Criminal_Court?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Criminal Court">ICC</a></li> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Monetary Fund">IMF</a></li> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Olympic Committee">IOC</a></li> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a></li> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/NATO?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="NATO">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/WTO?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="WTO">WTO</a></li> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Free Trade Agreement">NAFTA</a></li> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organization_of_American_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Organization of American States">OAS</a></li> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OECD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="OECD">OECD</a></li> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (halaman belum tersedia)">OIC</a></li> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OPEC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="OPEC">OPEC</a></li> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/GUAM_Organisasi_untuk_Demokrasi_dan_Pembangunan_Ekonomi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="GUAM Organisasi untuk Demokrasi dan Pembangunan Ekonomi">GUAM Organisasi untuk Demokrasi dan Pembangunan Ekonomi</a></li> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pacific_Islands_Forum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islands Forum">PIF</a></li> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Perjanjian_UKUSA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Perjanjian UKUSA">Perjanjian UKUSA</a></li> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ASEAN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ASEAN">ASEAN</a></li> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Masyarakat_Ekonomi_ASEAN?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN">MEA</a></li> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/South_Asian_Association_for_Regional_Cooperation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation">SAARC</a></li> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Komunitas_Karibia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Komunitas Karibia">Komunitas Karibia</a></li> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dewan_Turkik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dewan Turkik">Dewan Turkik</a></li> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Organization_of_Turkic_Culture?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Organization of Turkic Culture">Türksoy</a></li> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Organization?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic Cooperation Organization">ECO</a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.1em;line-height:1.3em; padding-right:0.5em;"> <div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"> Diakui sebagai bahasa minoritas di </div></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em"> <div style="vertical-align:middle;"> <div class="plainlist"> <ul> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaysia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sri_Lanka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> </ul> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="margin:0.2em;opacity:80%;color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;line-height:1.3;padding:0.2em;">Kode bahasa</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.1em;line-height:1.3em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISO_639-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em"><code style="padding-bottom:0.1em;padding-top:0.1em">en</code></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.1em;line-height:1.3em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISO_639-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em"><code style="padding-bottom:0.1em;padding-top:0.1em"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/eng" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:eng">eng</a></code></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.1em;line-height:1.3em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISO_639-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em"><code style="padding-bottom:0.1em;padding-top:0.1em"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/eng" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:eng">eng</a></code></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.1em;line-height:1.3em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Glottolog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Glottolog">Glottolog</a></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em"><code style="padding-bottom:0.1em;padding-top:0.1em"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/stan1293">stan1293</a></code><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Glottolog-4">[4]</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.1em;line-height:1.3em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Observatorium_Linguasfer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Observatorium Linguasfer">Linguasfer</a></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em"><code style="padding-bottom:0.1em;padding-top:0.1em">52-ABA</code></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.1em;line-height:1.3em; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Penanda_bahasa_IETF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Penanda bahasa IETF">IETF</a></th> <td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em"><code style="padding-bottom:0.1em;padding-top:0.1em">en</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.05em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"> <table class="infobox mw-collapsible" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none;margin-top:0.3em;"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="opacity:80%;color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Status pemertahanan</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.35em;text-align:left;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25006243">.mw-parser-output .flex-container{justify-content:center;display:flex;flex-wrap:nowrap;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .flex-container>div{margin:1px;text-align:left;justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .sk-container{display:flex;width:auto}.mw-parser-output .sk-container>div{margin:1px;text-align:center;float:none}.mw-parser-output .EX-hover:hover{background:black;color:white}.mw-parser-output .CR-hover:hover{background:red;color:black}.mw-parser-output .SE-hover:hover{background:orange;color:black}.mw-parser-output .DE-hover:hover{background:yellow;color:black}.mw-parser-output .VU-hover:hover{background:yellowgreen;color:black}.mw-parser-output .NE-hover:hover{background:silver;color:black}.mw-parser-output .EX-hover a{color:white}.mw-parser-output .EX-hover:hover{color:white}.mw-parser-output .CR-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .CR-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .SE-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .SE-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .DE-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .DE-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .VU-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .VU-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .NE-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .NE-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .tooltip{position:relative;display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px dotted black}.mw-parser-output .tooltip .tooltiptext{visibility:hidden;width:120px;background-color:#F8F9FB;color:black;line-height:1.2;text-align:center;border-radius:3px;box-shadow:1px 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.35);padding:5px 0;position:absolute;z-index:1;top:150%;left:50%;margin-left:-60px;border:1px solid #C8CBD0;font-size:60%}.mw-parser-output .tooltip .tooltiptext::after{content:"";position:absolute;bottom:100%;left:50%;margin-left:-5px;border-width:5px;border-style:solid;font-size:60%;border-color:transparent transparent #C8CBD0 transparent}.mw-parser-output .tooltip:hover .tooltiptext{visibility:visible;z-index:900}.mw-parser-output .tooltip:hover .tooltiptext{visibility:visible;border:1px solid #C8CBD0;font-size:70%;z-index:900}.mw-parser-output .tooltip .tooltiptext{opacity:0;transition:opacity 0.15s;z-index:900}.mw-parser-output .tooltip:hover .tooltiptext{visibility:visible;opacity:1;z-index:900}</style> <center> <div class="sk-container" style="justify-content: center;"> <div> <center> Punah </center> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa_yang_telah_punah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategori:Bahasa yang telah punah"> <div class="EX-hover tooltip" style="display:inline; height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%; border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;"> EXSingkatan dari Extinct (Punah) </div></a> </div> <div> <center> Terancam </center> <div style="border-top:2px solid black; border-radius:20%;display:inline;padding-top:1em"> <div class="CR-hover tooltip" style="height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%; display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa-bahasa_yang_terancam_kritis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategori:Bahasa-bahasa yang terancam kritis">CR</a>Singkatan dari Critically endangered (Terancam Kritis) </div> <div class="SE-hover tooltip" style="height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%; display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa-bahasa_yang_terancam_berat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategori:Bahasa-bahasa yang terancam berat">SE</a>Singkatan dari Severely endangered (Terancam berat) </div> <div class="DE-hover tooltip" style="height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%;display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa-bahasa_yang_terancam_punah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategori:Bahasa-bahasa yang terancam punah">DE</a>Singkatan dari Devinitely endangered (Terancam) </div> <div class="VU-hover tooltip" style="height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%; display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa-bahasa_yang_rentan_punah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategori:Bahasa-bahasa yang rentan punah">VU</a>Singkatan dari Vulnerable (Rentan) </div> </div> </div> <div> <center> Aman </center> <div class="NE-hover tooltip" style="height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%; display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;background:silver"> NESingkatan dari Not Endangered (Tidak terancam) </div> </div> </div> <div style="text-align:left;font-size:90%;margin-top:0.4em; line-height:1.3"> <center> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atlas_Bahasa-Bahasa_di_Dunia_yang_Terancam_Kepunahan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atlas Bahasa-Bahasa di Dunia yang Terancam Kepunahan">ICHEL Red Book</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/apr/15/language-extinct-endangered">Not Endangered</a> </center> Bahasa Inggris diklasifikasikan sebagai bahasa aman ataupun tidak terancam (NE) pada <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atlas_Bahasa-Bahasa_di_Dunia_yang_Terancam_Kepunahan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atlas Bahasa-Bahasa di Dunia yang Terancam Kepunahan">Atlas Bahasa-Bahasa di Dunia yang Terancam Kepunahan</a> </div> </center> <div class="metadata" style="text-align: right;"> [<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1860" class="extiw" title="d:Q1860">sunting di Wikidata</a>] </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.35em;text-align:left;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r26504802"> <center> <div style="justify-content: center;margin-left:2em;margin-right:2em;text-align:center"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa_kategori_10_di_Ethnologue?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategori:Bahasa kategori 10 di Ethnologue"> <div class="c10-hover tooltip" style="width:8%;height:18px;border:1px solid lightgray;align:left;Border-radius:12px 0px 0px 12px;display: inline-block;border-right:0.5px solid transparent;"> C10 Kategori 10 <hr>Kategori ini menunjukkan bahwa bahasa telah punah (Extinct) </div></a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa_kategori_9_di_Ethnologue?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategori:Bahasa kategori 9 di Ethnologue"> <div class="c9-hover tooltip" style="width:8%;height:18px;border:1px solid lightgray;align:left;display: inline-block;border-right:0.5px solid transparent;border-left:0.5px solid transparent;"> C9 Kategori 9 <hr>Kategori ini menunjukkan bahwa bahasa sudah ditinggalkan dan hanya segelintir yang menuturkannya (Dormant) </div></a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa_kategori_8b_di_Ethnologue?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategori:Bahasa kategori 8b di Ethnologue"> <div class="c8b-hover tooltip" style="width:4%;height:18px;border:1px solid lightgray;align:left;display: inline-block;border-right:0px;border-left:0.5px solid transparent;"> C8b Kategori 8b <hr>Kategori ini menunjukkan bahwa bahasa hampir punah (Nearly extinct) </div></a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa_kategori_8a_di_Ethnologue?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategori:Bahasa kategori 8a di Ethnologue"> <div class="c8a-hover tooltip" style="width:4%;height:18px;border:1px solid lightgray;align:left;display: inline-block;border-left:0px;border-right:0.5px solid transparent;"> C8a Kategori 8a <hr>Kategori ini menunjukkan bahwa bahasa sangat sedikit dituturkan dan terancam berat untuk punah (Moribund) </div></a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa_kategori_7_di_Ethnologue?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategori:Bahasa kategori 7 di Ethnologue"> <div class="c7-hover tooltip" style="width:8%;height:18px;border:1px solid lightgray;align:left;display: inline-block;border-right:0.5px solid transparent;border-left:0.5px solid transparent;;"> C7 Kategori 7 <hr>Kategori ini menunjukkan bahwa bahasa mulai mengalami penurunan ataupun penutur mulai berpindah menggunakan bahasa lain (Shifting) </div></a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa_kategori_6b_di_Ethnologue?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategori:Bahasa kategori 6b di Ethnologue"> <div class="c6b-hover tooltip" style="width:4%;height:18px;border:1px solid lightgray;align:left;display: inline-block;border-right:0px;border-left:0.5px solid transparent;"> C6b Kategori 6b <hr>Kategori ini menunjukkan bahwa bahasa mulai terancam (Threatened) </div></a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa_kategori_6a_di_Ethnologue?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategori:Bahasa kategori 6a di Ethnologue"> <div class="c6a-hover tooltip" style="width:4%;height:18px;border:1px solid lightgray;align:left;display: inline-block;border-left:0px;border-right:0.5px solid transparent;;"> C6a Kategori 6a <hr>Kategori ini menunjukkan bahwa bahasa masih cukup banyak dituturkan (Vigorous) </div></a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa_kategori_5_di_Ethnologue?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategori:Bahasa kategori 5 di Ethnologue"> <div class="c5-hover tooltip" style="width:8%;height:18px;border:1px solid lightgray;align:left;display: inline-block;border-right:0.5px solid transparent;border-left:0.5px solid transparent;;"> C5 Kategori 5 <hr>Kategori ini menunjukkan bahwa bahasa mengalami pertumbuhan populasi penutur (Developing) </div></a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa_kategori_4_di_Ethnologue?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategori:Bahasa kategori 4 di Ethnologue"> <div class="c4-hover tooltip" style="width:8%;height:18px;border:1px solid lightgray;align:left;display: inline-block;border-right:0.5px solid transparent;border-left:0.5px solid transparent;;"> C4 Kategori 4 <hr>Kategori ini menunjukkan bahwa bahasa digunakan dalam institusi pendidikan (Educational) </div></a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa_kategori_3_di_Ethnologue?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategori:Bahasa kategori 3 di Ethnologue"> <div class="c3-hover tooltip" style="width:8%;height:18px;border:1px solid lightgray;align:left;display: inline-block;border-right:0.5px solid transparent;border-left:0.5px solid transparent;;"> C3 Kategori 3 <hr>Kategori ini menunjukkan bahwa bahasa digunakan cukup luas (Wider Communication) </div></a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa_kategori_2_di_Ethnologue?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategori:Bahasa kategori 2 di Ethnologue"> <div class="c2-hover tooltip" style="width:8%;height:18px;border:1px solid lightgray;align:left;display: inline-block;border-right:0.5px solid transparent;border-left:0.5px solid transparent;;"> C2 Kategori 2 <hr>Kategori ini menunjukkan bahwa bahasa yang digunakan di berbagai wilayah (Provincial) </div></a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa_kategori_1_di_Ethnologue?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategori:Bahasa kategori 1 di Ethnologue"> <div class="c1-hover tooltip" style="width:8%;height:18px;border:1px solid lightgray;align:left;display: inline-block;border-right:0.5px solid transparent;border-left:0.5px solid transparent;"> C1 Kategori 1 <hr>Kategori ini menunjukkan bahwa bahasa nasional maupun bahasa resmi dari suatu negara (National) </div></a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategori:Bahasa_kategori_0_di_Ethnologue?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategori:Bahasa kategori 0 di Ethnologue"> <div class="c0-hover tooltip" style="width:8%;height:18px;border:1px solid lightgray;align:left;display: inline-block; border-radius:0px 12px 12px 0px;border-left:0.5px solid transparent;background:#3E5C97"> C0 Kategori 0 <hr>Kategori ini menunjukkan bahwa bahasa merupakan bahasa pengantar internasional ataupun bahasa yang digunakan pada kancah antar bangsa (International) </div></a> <div style="font-size:80%"> <div style="width:8%;border:1px solid transparent; text-align:center; font-size:95%;align:left;display: inline-block; line-height: normal"> 10 </div> <div style="width:8%;border:1px solid transparent; text-align:center; font-size:95%;align:left;display: inline-block; line-height: normal"> 9 </div> <div style="width:8%;border:1px solid transparent; text-align:center; font-size:95%;display: inline-block; line-height: normal"> 8 </div> <div style="width:8%;border:1px solid transparent; text-align:center; font-size:95%;align:left;display: inline-block; line-height: normal"> 7 </div> <div style="width:8%;border:1px solid transparent; text-align:center; font-size:95%;align:left;display: inline-block; line-height: normal"> 6 </div> <div style="width:8%;border:1px solid transparent; text-align:center; font-size:95%;align:left;display: inline-block; line-height: normal"> 5 </div> <div style="width:8%;border:1px solid transparent; text-align:center; font-size:95%;align:left;display: inline-block; line-height: normal"> 4 </div> <div style="width:8%;border:1px solid transparent; text-align:center; font-size:95%;align:left;display: inline-block; line-height: normal"> 3 </div> <div style="width:8%;border:1px solid transparent; text-align:center; font-size:95%;align:left;display: inline-block; line-height: normal"> 2 </div> <div style="width:8%;border:1px solid transparent; text-align:center; font-size:95%;align:left;display: inline-block; line-height: normal"> 1 </div> <div style="width:8%;border:1px solid transparent; text-align:center; font-size:95%;align:left;display: inline-block; line-height: normal"> 0 </div> </div> </div> <div style="text-align:left;font-size:90%;margin-top:0.4em; line-height:1.3"> <center> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ethnologue.com/about/language-status">EGIDS SIL Ethnologue</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/eng">C0 International</a> </center>Bahasa Inggris dikategorikan sebagai C0 Internasional menurut <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ethnologue?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ethnologue">SIL Ethnologue</a>, artinya bahasa ini merupakan bahasa pengantar internasional ataupun bahasa yang digunakan pada kancah antar bangsa <div style="font-size:90%;text-align: center;margin-bottom:0.2em"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ethnologue.com/cloud/lang-eng.png">Buka versi koordinat status pemertahanan rinci</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cam.ethnologue.com/" title="Perlu masuk" rel="nofollow"><img alt="Perlu masuk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/10px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/15px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/20px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"></a> </div> </div> </center> <div class="metadata" style="text-align: right;"> [<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1860" class="extiw" title="d:Q1860">sunting di Wikidata</a>] </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <center> Referensi: <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7">[7]</a> </center> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"> <table class="infobox mw-collapsible collapsed" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="opacity:80%;color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"> <div style="float:left;margin-left:0.2em"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Templat:Kotak_info_bahasa/Sampel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Templat:Kotak info bahasa/Sampel"><img alt="Informasi penggunaan templat turunan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/OOjs_UI_icon_external-link-ltr.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_external-link-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/OOjs_UI_icon_external-link-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_external-link-ltr.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/OOjs_UI_icon_external-link-ltr.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_external-link-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></a> </div>Sampel</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:normal;text-align:left;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em"> <div style="border-radius:0.7em; margin-right:1em;margin-top:0.3em;margin-left:1em;margin-bottom:0.2em;opacity:80%;color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"> <center> Sampel teks </center> </div> <div style="text-align:left;"> Pasal 1 <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pernyataan_Umum_tentang_Hak-Hak_Asasi_Manusia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pernyataan Umum tentang Hak-Hak Asasi Manusia">Pernyataan Umum tentang Hak-Hak Asasi Manusia</a> dalam bahasa Inggris. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/%23a1">Teks</a>) <div style="margin-top:0.4em;font-family: times, Times New Roman, serif; margin-left:0.8em;margin-right:0.8em"> All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:normal;text-align:left;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em">Terjemahan: <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/4\/47\/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights_-_ind_-_rd_-_Art1.ogg\/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights_-_ind_-_rd_-_Art1.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"id","wikibase":"","file":"Universal Declaration of Human Rights - ind - rd - Art1.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights_-_ind_-_rd_-_Art1.ogg/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights_-_ind_-_rd_-_Art1.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Putar audio" title="Putar audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights_-_ind_-_rd_-_Art1.ogg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Berkas:Universal Declaration of Human Rights - ind - rd - Art1.ogg">ⓘ</a> <div style="margin-left:0.5em;margin-right:0.5em"> Semua orang dilahirkan merdeka dan mempunyai martabat dan hak-hak yang sama. Mereka dikaruniai akal dan hati nurani dan hendaknya bergaul satu sama lain dalam semangat persaudaraan. </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:normal;text-align:left;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em"> <center> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategori:Halaman_artikel_bahasa_dengan_sampel_teks?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategori:Halaman artikel bahasa dengan sampel teks">Sampel teks lainnya</a> </center></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:normal;text-align:left;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em"> <div style="border-radius:0.7em; margin-right:1em;margin-left:1em;margin-bottom:0.2em;opacity:80%;color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"> <center> Sampel suara </center> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"> <audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="200" style="width:200px;" data-durationhint="18" data-mwtitle="Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights_-_eng_-_ks_-_Article_1.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"> <source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights_-_eng_-_ks_-_Article_1.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f9/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights_-_eng_-_ks_-_Article_1.ogg/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights_-_eng_-_ks_-_Article_1.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"> </audio> <figcaption> noicon </figcaption> </figure> <div style="font-size:90%"> <center> (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Memainkan_berkas_media?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Memainkan berkas media">Bantuan</a> • <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights_-_eng_-_ks_-_Article_1.ogg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Berkas:Universal Declaration of Human Rights - eng - ks - Article 1.ogg">Berkas</a> • <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategori:Halaman_artikel_bahasa_dengan_sampel_suara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategori:Halaman artikel bahasa dengan sampel suara">Lainnya</a>) </center> </div> Sampel suara bahasa ini, diambil dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikidata?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:Error mw:File"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Pengunggahan&wpDestFile=Recording_of_speaker_of_British_English_(Received_Pronunciation).ogg,_Declaration_of_Independence_Part_1.ogg&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Berkas:Recording of speaker of British English (Received Pronunciation).ogg, Declaration of Independence Part 1.ogg">noicon</a> <figcaption> noicon </figcaption> </figure> <div style="font-size:90%"> <center> (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Memainkan_berkas_media?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Memainkan berkas media">Bantuan</a> • <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Berkas:Recording_of_speaker_of_British_English_(Received_Pronunciation).ogg,_Declaration_of_Independence_Part_1.ogg&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Berkas:Recording of speaker of British English (Received Pronunciation).ogg, Declaration of Independence Part 1.ogg (halaman belum tersedia)">Berkas</a> • <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategori:Halaman_artikel_bahasa_dengan_sampel_suara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategori:Halaman artikel bahasa dengan sampel suara">Lainnya</a>) </center> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="opacity:80%;color: black; background-color: #c9ffd9;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Lokasi penuturan</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.35em; padding-right:0em; padding-left:0em"> <div class="bg-wp"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:Anglospeak_(subnational_version).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Anglospeak_%28subnational_version%29.svg/320px-Anglospeak_%28subnational_version%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Anglospeak_%2528subnational_version%2529.svg/480px-Anglospeak_%2528subnational_version%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Anglospeak_%2528subnational_version%2529.svg/640px-Anglospeak_%2528subnational_version%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2437" data-file-height="1064"></a> </div> <div style="text-align:left; padding-left:0.2em"> <div style="margin:0px;margin-left:-4px padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0.4em;border-left:7px solid #346699;border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;border-top: 1px solid transparent"> Negara maupun teritori yang menggunakan bahasa Inggris dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_kreol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa kreol">bahasa kreol</a> turunan sebagai bahasa keseharian mayoritas penduduknya </div> <div style="margin:0px;margin-left:-4px padding-top:0px; padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0.4em;border-left:7px solid #99ccff;border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;border-top: 1px solid transparent"> Negara maupun teritori yang menggunakan bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa resmi ataupun bahasa administratif, tetapi tidak digunakan dalam keseharian ataupun tidak dituturkan oleh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Penutur_jati?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Penutur jati">penutur jati</a> dalam jumlah besar </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.35em; padding-right:0em; padding-left:0em"> <div style="font-size:80%"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategori:Halaman_artikel_bahasa_dengan_peta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategori:Halaman artikel bahasa dengan peta">Peta bahasa lain</a> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="font-weight:normal;font-size:90%;text-align:left; background:lavender;padding: 0.2em 0.5em 0.2em; line-height:1.3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25451299"> <div class="flex-container"> <div></div> <div>Artikel ini mengandung simbol fonetik <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a>. Tanpa <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Catatan_teknis" class="mw-redirect" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">bantuan render</a> yang baik, Anda akan melihat <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mojibake?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mojibake">tanda tanya, kotak, atau simbol lain</a>, bukan karakter <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unicode?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>. Untuk pengenalan mengenai simbol IPA, lihat <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Pengucapan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bantuan:Pengucapan">Bantuan:IPA</a>. </div> </div></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="padding-top:0px;height:20px;font-weight:normal;font-size:90%;text-align:center;color:black; background-color: #c9ffd9;"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/20px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/30px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Globe_of_letters.svg/40px-Globe_of_letters.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portal:Bahasa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal:Bahasa">Portal Bahasa</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint selfref" style="font-weight:normal;font-size:80%;text-align:left;height:20px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em;padding-bottom:0.1em"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Templat:Kotak_info_bahasa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Templat:Kotak info bahasa">L</a> • <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Kotak_info_bahasa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Kotak info bahasa">B</a> • <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PW:BAHASA?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="PW:BAHASA">PW</a>    <div style="float:right;right:0em; text-align:right:display:inline"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DBahasa_Inggris%26action%3Dedit%26section%3Dtop%26editintro%3DTemplat:Kotak_info_bahasa/Pemberitahuan/editintro2"><img alt="Sunting kotak info" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></a>  <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1860" title="Lihat butir Wikidata"><img alt="Lihat butir Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_tag-rtl-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></a>  <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Templat:Kotak_info_bahasa/doc?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bantuan penggunaan templat ini"><img alt="Info templat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/10px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/15px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/20px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></a> </div></td> </tr> <tr style="display:none"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="metadata s-tooltip" style="position:absolute;z-index:100;top:-85px;right:2em; line-height:normal;border-radius:7px;"> <div style="opacity:60%"> <img alt="Cari artikel bahasa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/OOjs_UI_icon_search-ltr.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_search-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/OOjs_UI_icon_search-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_search-ltr.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/OOjs_UI_icon_search-ltr.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_search-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"> </div>Cari artikel bahasa <div class="mw-inputbox-centered" style=""> <form name="searchbox" class="searchbox mw-inputbox-form-inline" action="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian"> <div class="cdx-text-input"> <input class="mw-searchInput searchboxInput cdx-text-input__input" name="search" value="Bahasa" placeholder="" size="25" dir="ltr"> </div><input type="submit" name="go" value="Tuju" class="cdx-button"> <input type="submit" name="fulltext" value="Cari" class="cdx-button"> </form> </div>Cari berdasarkan kode ISO 639 (Uji coba) <div class="mw-inputbox-centered" style=""> <form name="searchbox" class="searchbox mw-inputbox-form-inline" action="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian"> <div class="cdx-text-input"> <input class="mw-searchInput searchboxInput cdx-text-input__input" name="search" value="ISO 639:" placeholder="" size="8" dir="ltr"> </div><input type="submit" name="go" value="Tuju" class="cdx-button"> <input type="submit" name="fulltext" value="Cari" class="cdx-button"> </form> </div>Kolom pencarian ini hanya didukung oleh beberapa antarmuka </div> <div class="metadata r-tooltip" style=";position:absolute;z-index:100;top:-85px;right:0.5em; line-height:normal;border-radius:7px;"> <div style="opacity:60%"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sembarang_di_kategori/Artikel_bahasa_dengan_kotak_info_bahasa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sembarang di kategori/Artikel bahasa dengan kotak info bahasa"><img alt="Artikel bahasa sembarang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/OOjs_UI_icon_die.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_die.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/OOjs_UI_icon_die.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_die.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/OOjs_UI_icon_die.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_die.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></a> </div>Halaman bahasa acak </div> Bahasa Inggris berkembang pertama kali di kerajaan-kerajaan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anglia-Sachsen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglia-Sachsen">Anglia-Sachsen</a> dan di wilayah yang saat ini merupakan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Skotlandia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Skotlandia">Skotlandia</a> tenggara. Setelah meluasnya pengaruh Inggris Raya pada abad ke-17 dan ke-20 melalui <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperium_Britania_Raya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imperium Britania Raya">Imperium Inggris Raya</a>, bahasa Inggris tersebar luas di seluruh dunia.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmmon20062245-2247-9">[9]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchneider20071-10">[10]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMazruiMazrui199821-11">[11]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Di samping itu, luasnya penggunaan bahasa Inggris juga disebabkan oleh penyebaran kebudayaan dan teknologi Amerika Serikat yang mendominasi di sepanjang abad ke-20.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Hal-hal tersebut telah menyebabkan bahasa Inggris saat ini menjadi <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_internasional?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa internasional">bahasa utama</a> dan secara tidak resmi (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/De_facto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="De facto">de facto</a>) dianggap sebagai <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basantara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basantara">bahasa penghubung</a> (lingua franca) di berbagai belahan dunia.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrystal2003a6-14">[14]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWardhaugh201055-15">[15]</a> Menurut sejarahnya, bahasa Inggris berasal dari peleburan beragam dialek yang saling berkerabat, yang di zaman sekarang secara kolektif dikenal sebagai <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Kuno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Inggris Kuno">bahasa Inggris Kuno</a>, yang dibawa ke pantai timur <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pulau_Britania_Raya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pulau Britania Raya">Pulau Britania Raya</a> oleh pendatang <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suku_bangsa_Jermanik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Suku bangsa Jermanik">Jermanik</a> (Anglia-Sachsen) pada abad ke-5; kata English berasal dari nama <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suku_Anglia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Suku Anglia">suku Anglia</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Bangsa Anglia-Sachsen ini sendiri berasal dari wilayah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Anglia&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Anglia (halaman belum tersedia)">Anglia</a> (saat ini <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Schleswig-Holstein?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Schleswig-Holstein">Schleswig-Holstein</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jerman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jerman">Jerman</a>). Bahasa Inggris awal juga dipengaruhi oleh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Nordik_Kuno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Nordik Kuno">bahasa Nordik Kuno</a> setelah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Viking?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Viking">Viking</a> menaklukkan Inggris pada abad ke-9 dan ke-10. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Penaklukan_Inggris_oleh_Norman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Penaklukan Inggris oleh Norman">Penaklukan Inggris oleh Norman</a> pada abad ke-11 menyebabkan bahasa Inggris juga mendapat pengaruh dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Norman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Norman">bahasa Prancis Norman</a>, dan kosakata serta <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ejaan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ejaan">ejaan</a> dalam bahasa Inggris mulai dipengaruhi oleh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Latin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Latin">bahasa Latin</a> Romawi (meskipun bahasa Inggris sendiri bukan termasuk <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Roman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rumpun bahasa Roman">rumpun bahasa Roman</a>),<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18">[18]</a> yang kemudian dikenal dengan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Pertengahan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Inggris Pertengahan">bahasa Inggris Pertengahan</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pergeseran_Vokal_Besar&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Pergeseran Vokal Besar (halaman belum tersedia)">Pergeseran Vokal Besar</a> yang dimulai di Inggris bagian selatan pada abad ke-15 adalah salah satu peristiwa bersejarah yang menandai peralihan bahasa Inggris Pertengahan menjadi <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Modern?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Inggris Modern">bahasa Inggris Modern</a>. Selain bahasa Anglia-Sachsen dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Prancis_Norman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Prancis Norman">bahasa Prancis Norman</a>, sejumlah besar kata dalam bahasa Inggris juga berakar dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Latin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Latin">bahasa Latin</a>, karena bahasa Latin adalah lingua franca <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kekristenan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kekristenan">Gereja Kristen</a> dan bahasa utama di kalangan intelektual Eropa,<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Weissbort-19">[19]</a> dan telah menjadi dasar kosakata bagi bahasa Inggris modern. Karena telah mengalami perpaduan beragam kata dari berbagai bahasa di sepanjang sejarah, bahasa Inggris modern memiliki kosakata yang sangat banyak, dengan ejaan yang kompleks dan tidak teratur (irregular), khususnya vokal. Bahasa Inggris modern tidak hanya merupakan perpaduan dari bahasa-bahasa Eropa, tetapi juga dari berbagai bahasa di seluruh dunia. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a> memuat daftar lebih dari 250.000 kata berbeda, tidak termasuk istilah-istilah teknis, sains, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Slang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Slang">slang</a> (bahasa gaul) yang jumlahnya juga sangat banyak.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-21">[21]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="id" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Daftar isi</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Etimologi">1 Etimologi</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Signifikasi">2 Signifikasi</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Klasifikasi">3 Klasifikasi</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sejarah">4 Sejarah</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bahasa_terkait">5 Bahasa terkait</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Rumpun_bahasa_Jermanik">5.1 Rumpun bahasa Jermanik</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Persebaran_geografis">6 Persebaran geografis</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Tiga_lingkar_negara-negara_penutur_bahasa_Inggris">6.1 Tiga lingkar negara-negara penutur bahasa Inggris</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Fonologi">7 Fonologi</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Konsonan">7.1 Konsonan</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Vokal">7.2 Vokal</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Tekanan,_ritme_dan_intonasi">7.3 Tekanan, ritme dan intonasi</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ragam_regional">7.4 Ragam regional</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sistem_penulisan">8 Sistem penulisan</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Tata_bahasa">9 Tata bahasa</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sistem_kala">9.1 Sistem kala</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-17"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Rumus_sistem_kala">9.1.1 Rumus sistem kala</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-18"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kalimat_positif/Kalimat_aktif">9.1.1.1 Kalimat positif/Kalimat aktif</a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-19"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kalimat_negatif">9.1.1.2 Kalimat negatif</a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-20"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kalimat_pasif">9.1.1.3 Kalimat pasif</a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kata_ganti">10 Kata ganti</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Orang">10.1 Orang</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Refleksi">10.2 Refleksi</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pemilik">10.3 Pemilik</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Penanya">10.4 Penanya</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Penunjuk">10.5 Penunjuk</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Referensi">11 Referensi</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Daftar_pustaka">12 Daftar pustaka</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Lihat_pula">13 Lihat pula</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pranala_luar">14 Pranala luar</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Umum">14.1 Umum</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kamus">14.2 Kamus</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Tesaurus">14.3 Tesaurus</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Esai">14.4 Esai</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Intonasi">14.5 Intonasi</a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <h2 id="Etimologi">Etimologi</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> Kata English berasal dari eponim Angle, nama suku Jermanik yang diperkirakan berasal dari wilayah Angeln di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jutlandia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jutlandia">Jutlandia</a> (sekarang Jerman utara).<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Untuk kemungkinan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Etimologi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Etimologi">etimologi</a> kata ini, lihat artikel <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Angeln&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Angeln (halaman belum tersedia)">Angeln</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suku_Anglia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Suku Anglia">suku Anglia</a>. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <h2 id="Signifikasi">Signifikasi</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Lihat pula: <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anglosfir?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglosfir">Anglosfir</a> </div> Bahasa Inggris modern, kadang digambarkan sebagai lingua franca global pertama,<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Graddol-24">[24]</a> adalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Imperialisme_linguistik&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Imperialisme linguistik (halaman belum tersedia)">bahasa dominan</a>, atau dalam beberapa kasus bahkan ditetapkan sebagai <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_bantu_internasional&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bahasa bantu internasional (halaman belum tersedia)">bahasa internasional</a> dalam bidang komunikasi, sains, teknologi informasi, bisnis, kelautan,<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25">[25]</a> kedirgantaraan,<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-26">[26]</a> hiburan, radio, dan diplomasi.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-triumph-27">[27]</a> Penyebaran bahasa Inggris di luar <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kepulauan_Britania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kepulauan Britania">Kepulauan Britania</a> dimulai dengan pertumbuhan Imperium Britania, dan pada abad ke-19 jangkauannya telah global.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-wwenglish-28">[28]</a> Setelah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperium_Britania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperium Britania">kolonisasi Britania</a> sejak abad ke-16 hingga ke-19, bahasa Inggris menjadi bahasa dominan di Amerika Serikat, Kanada, Australia, dan Selandia Baru. Pertumbuhan pengaruh budaya dan ekonomi Amerika Serikat dan statusnya sebagai <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Negara_adidaya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Negara adidaya">negara adidaya</a> global sejak <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Perang_Dunia_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Perang Dunia II">Perang Dunia II</a> turut mempercepat penyebaran bahasa Inggris ke seluruh dunia.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Graddol-24">[24]</a> Bahasa Inggris menggantikan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Jerman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Jerman">bahasa Jerman</a> sebagai bahasa sains yang dominan dalam penghargaan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hadiah_Nobel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadiah Nobel">Hadiah Nobel</a> pada paruh kedua abad ke-20.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Bahasa Inggris telah menyamai dan bahkan telah melampaui <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Prancis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Prancis">bahasa Prancis</a> sebagai bahasa dominan dalam dunia diplomasi pada paruh kedua abad ke-19. Kemampuan berbahasa Inggris telah menjadi kebutuhan dalam sejumlah bidang ilmu, pekerjaan, dan profesi semisal <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kedokteran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kedokteran">kedokteran</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Komputasi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Komputasi">komputasi</a>; sebagai akibatnya, lebih dari satu miliar orang di dunia bisa berbahasa Inggris setidaknya pada tingkat dasar (lihat <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Inggris_sebagai_bahasa_kedua_atau_internasional&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa kedua atau internasional (halaman belum tersedia)">bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa kedua atau internasional</a>). Bahasa Inggris adalah salah satu dari enam bahasa resmi Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Salah satu dampak pertumbuhan bahasa Inggris adalah berkurangnya <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ragam_bahasa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ragam bahasa">keragaman bahasa</a> di berbagai belahan dunia. Pengaruh bahasa Inggris berperan penting dalam <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kepunahan_bahasa&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kepunahan bahasa (halaman belum tersedia)">kepunahan bahasa</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Crystal-LanguageDeath-31">[31]</a> Sebaliknya, berbagai keragaman bahasa Inggris juga berpotensi menciptakan bahasa-bahasa baru dari waktu ke waktu, bersama dengan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_kreol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa kreol">bahasa kreol</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_pijin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa pijin">bahasa pijin</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Cheshire-32">[32]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <h2 id="Klasifikasi">Klasifikasi</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:Europe_germanic-languages_2.PNG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Europe_germanic-languages_2.PNG/220px-Europe_germanic-languages_2.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="239" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1062" data-file-height="1156"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 239px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Europe_germanic-languages_2.PNG/220px-Europe_germanic-languages_2.PNG" data-width="220" data-height="239" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Europe_germanic-languages_2.PNG/330px-Europe_germanic-languages_2.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Europe_germanic-languages_2.PNG/440px-Europe_germanic-languages_2.PNG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumpun bahasa Inggris">Anglik</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r19202607">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style> <div class="legend">   Inggris </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"> <div class="legend">   <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Skot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Skot">Skot</a> </div><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Anglo-Frisia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rumpun bahasa Anglo-Frisia">Anglo-Frisia</a> mencakup Anglik dan <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"> <div class="legend">   <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Frisia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Frisia">Frisia</a> (mencakup Frisia Barat, Utara, dan Saterland) </div><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Ingvaeonik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumpun bahasa Ingvaeonik">Jermanik Laut Utara</a> mencakup Anglo-Frisia dan <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"> <div class="legend">   <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Jerman_Hilir?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Jerman Hilir">Jerman Hilir/Saksen Hilir</a> </div><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Jermanik_Barat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rumpun bahasa Jermanik Barat">Jermanik Barat</a> mencakup Jermanik Laut Utara dan <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"> <div class="legend">   <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Belanda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Belanda">Belanda</a> (serta <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Afrikaans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Afrikaans">bahasa Afrikaans</a> di Afrika) </div> ...... <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Jerman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Jerman">Jerman</a> (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Jerman_Hulu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Jerman Hulu">Hulu</a>): <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"> <div class="legend">   <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Jerman_Tengah&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bahasa Jerman Tengah (halaman belum tersedia)">Jerman Tengah</a> (serta <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Luksemburg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Luksemburg">bahasa Luksemburg</a>) </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"> <div class="legend">   <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Jerman_Dataran_Tinggi&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bahasa Jerman Dataran Tinggi (halaman belum tersedia)">Jerman Dataran Tinggi</a> </div> ...... <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Yiddi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Yiddi">Yiddi</a> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:West_Germanic_languages_(simplified).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/West_Germanic_languages_%28simplified%29.svg/250px-West_Germanic_languages_%28simplified%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="115" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2447" data-file-height="1130"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 115px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/West_Germanic_languages_%28simplified%29.svg/250px-West_Germanic_languages_%28simplified%29.svg.png" data-width="250" data-height="115" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/West_Germanic_languages_%28simplified%29.svg/375px-West_Germanic_languages_%28simplified%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/West_Germanic_languages_%28simplified%29.svg/500px-West_Germanic_languages_%28simplified%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Bahasa-bahasa <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Jermanik_Barat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rumpun bahasa Jermanik Barat">Jermanik Barat</a> </figcaption> </figure> Bahasa Inggris merupakan bahasa <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Indo-Eropa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rumpun bahasa Indo-Eropa">Indo-Eropa</a> yang termasuk ke dalam cabang <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Jermanik_Barat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rumpun bahasa Jermanik Barat">Jermanik Barat</a> dari subrumpun <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Jermanik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rumpun bahasa Jermanik">Jermanik</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBammesberger199229%E2%80%9330-33">[33]</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Kuno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Inggris Kuno">Bahasa Inggris Kuno</a> berasal dari sebuah wilayah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kesinambungan_dialek?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kesinambungan dialek">kesinambungan dialek</a> dan budaya di sekujur pesisir <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Laut_Utara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Laut Utara">Laut Utara</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frisia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frisia">Frisia</a>. Ragam tutur di wilayah ini secara bertahap berkembang menjadi <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumpun bahasa Inggris">bahasa-bahasa Anglik</a> di Kepulauan Britania serta <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Frisia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Frisia">bahasa-bahasa Frisia</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jerman_Hulu&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Jerman Hulu (halaman belum tersedia)">Jerman Hulu/Saksen Hulu</a> di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eropa_Daratan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Eropa Daratan">Eropa Daratan</a>. Bahasa-bahasa Frisia merupakan kerabat terdekat bagi bahasa Inggris dan bahasa-bahasa Anglik lainnya; keseluruhan bahasa ini tergabung dalam subkelompok <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Anglo-Frisia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rumpun bahasa Anglo-Frisia">Anglo-Frisia</a>. Ragam tutur Jerman Hulu/Saksen Hulu juga berkerabat dekat dengan subkelompok ini; terkadang bahasa-bahasa Inggris, Frisia, dan Jerman Hulu digolongkan ke dalam subkelompok <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Ingvaeonik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumpun bahasa Ingvaeonik">Ingvaeonik (Jermanik Laut Utara)</a>, walaupun pengelompokan ini masih diperselisihkan keabsahannya.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBammesberger199230-34">[34]</a> Bahasa Inggris Kuno berevolusi menjadi bahasa Inggris Pertengahan, yang kemudian menurunkan bahasa Inggris Modern.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTERobinson1992-35">[35]</a> Beberap ragam tutur bahasa Inggris Kuno dan Pertengahan juga berkembang menjadi bahasa-bahasa Anglik lainnya, seperti <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Scots?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Scots">Bahasa Skot</a> yang dituturkan di Skotlandia<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTERomaine198256%E2%80%9365-36">[36]</a>, atau ragam <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dialek_Fingal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dialek Fingal">Fingal</a> serta <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dialek_Forth_dan_Bargy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dialek Forth dan Bargy">Forth dan Bargy (Yola)</a> di Irlandia.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarry198286%E2%80%9387-37">[37]</a> Sebagaimana <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Islandia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Islandia">bahasa Islandia</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Faroe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Faroe">Faroe</a> yang berkembang di kepulauan terpisah dari daratan Eropa, perkembangan bahasa Inggris di Kepulauan Britania membuatnya terisolasi dari pengaruh bahasa-bahasa Jermanik daratan. Bahasa Inggris pun berubah secara signifikan. Bahasa Inggris tidak <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kesalingpahaman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kesalingpahaman">berkesalingpahaman</a> dengan bahasa Jermanik kontinental mana pun, akibat perbedaan dalam hal <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leksikon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leksikon">kosa kata</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sintaksis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sintaksis">sintaksis</a>, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fonologi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fonologi">fonologi</a>. Walaupun begitu, beberapa di antaranya, seperti bahasa Belanda dan Frisia, memiliki kedekatan yang kuat dengan bahasa Inggris, terutama pada tahap-tahap awal pembetukannya.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarbert2007-38">[38]</a> Namun, tidak seperti bahasa Islandia dan Faroe yang terisolasi, bahasa Inggris berkembang dengan pengaruh yang didapatkan melalui serangkaian invasi pihak luar ke Kepualaun Britania, terutama oleh penutur bahasa <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Norse_Kuno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Norse Kuno">Norse Kuno</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Norman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Norman">Perancis Norman</a>. Bahasa-bahasa ini meninggalkan pengaruh yang dalam, sampai-sampai bahasa Inggris memiliki beberapa kesamaan dalam hal kosa kata dan tata bahasa dengan banyak bahasa di luar <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kladus&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kladus (halaman belum tersedia)">kladus</a> linguistiknya—walaupun hal ini tidak lantas menjadikan penutur bahasa Inggris dapat saling paham dengan penutur bahasa-bahasa tersebut. Beberapa peneliti bahkan berpendapat bahwa bahasa Inggris dapat dianggap sebagai <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_campuran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa campuran">bahasa campuran</a> atau <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_kreol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa kreol">kreol</a>. Pandangan ini juga dikenal sebagai <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hipotesis_kreol_Inggris_Pertengahan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Hipotesis kreol Inggris Pertengahan (halaman belum tersedia)">hipotesis kreol Inggris Pertengahan</a>. Meski begitu, terlepas dari pengaruh bahasa-bahasa lain terhadap kosa kata dan tata bahasa Inggris Modern yang diakui secara luas, sebagian besar ahli di bidang <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kontak_bahasa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kontak bahasa">kontak bahasa</a> tidak menganggap bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa campuran sejati.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasonKaufman1988264%E2%80%93265-39">[39]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatts2011Chapter_4-40">[40]</a> Bahasa Inggris digolongkan sebagai bahasa Jermanik karena ia mengalami beberapa <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Perubahan_bahasa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Perubahan bahasa">inovasi bahasa</a> yang sama dengan bahasa-bahasa Jermanik lainnya seperti <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Belanda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Belanda">bahasa Belanda</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Jerman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Jerman">Jerman</a>, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Swedia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Swedia">Swedia</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDurrell2006-41">[41]</a> Inovasi-inovasi ini menunjukkan bahwa bahasa-bahasa tersebut diturunkan dari leluhur bersama, yaitu <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Proto-Jermanik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Proto-Jermanik">bahasa Proto-Jermanik</a>. Termasuk di antara ciri khas bahasa Jermanik adalah: pemabgian verba-verba menjadi kelas <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Verba_kuat_Jermanik&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Verba kuat Jermanik (halaman belum tersedia)">verba kuat</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Verba_lemah_Jermanik&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Verba lemah Jermanik (halaman belum tersedia)">verba lemah</a>, penggunaan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Verba_modal&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Verba modal (halaman belum tersedia)">verba modal</a>, serta perubahan-perubahan bunyi yang berdampak pada konsonan-konsonan dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Proto-Indo-Europa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Proto-Indo-Europa">bahasa Proto-Indo-Europa</a>, seperti <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hukum_Grimm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hukum Grimm">Hukum Grimm</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hukum_Verner&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Hukum Verner (halaman belum tersedia)">Hukum Verner</a>. Bahasa Inggris digolongkan sebagai bagian dari cabang Anglo-Frisia, sebab bahasa Frisia dan bahasa Inggris berbagi ciri yang lebih spesifik, seperti <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Palatalisasi&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Palatalisasi (halaman belum tersedia)">palatalisasi</a> konsonan velar Proto-Germanik.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEK%C3%B6nigvan_der_Auwera1994-42">[42]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Artikel utama: <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sejarah_bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sejarah bahasa Inggris">Sejarah bahasa Inggris</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:Beowulf_Cotton_MS_Vitellius_A_XV_f._132r.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Beowulf_Cotton_MS_Vitellius_A_XV_f._132r.jpg/220px-Beowulf_Cotton_MS_Vitellius_A_XV_f._132r.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="369" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4098" data-file-height="6868"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 369px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Beowulf_Cotton_MS_Vitellius_A_XV_f._132r.jpg/220px-Beowulf_Cotton_MS_Vitellius_A_XV_f._132r.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="369" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Beowulf_Cotton_MS_Vitellius_A_XV_f._132r.jpg/330px-Beowulf_Cotton_MS_Vitellius_A_XV_f._132r.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Beowulf_Cotton_MS_Vitellius_A_XV_f._132r.jpg/440px-Beowulf_Cotton_MS_Vitellius_A_XV_f._132r.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Kalimat pertama <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beowulf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beowulf">Beowulf</a> (atas) ditulis dalam bahasa Inggris Kuno: "Hƿæt ƿē Gārdena ingēar dagum þēod cyninga þrym ge frunon," yang berarti, "Listen! We of the Spear-Danes from days of yore have heard of the glory of the folk-kings." </figcaption> </figure> Bahasa Inggris berasal dari dialek <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Ingvaeonik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Ingvaeonik">Jermanik Laut Utara</a> yang dibawa ke Britania oleh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suku-suku_Jermanik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Suku-suku Jermanik">pemukim Jermanik</a> dari berbagai wilayah yang saat ini dikenal dengan Belanda, Jerman utara, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Denmark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-43">[43]</a> Menjelang periode ini, penduduk <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Britania_Romawi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Britania Romawi">Britania Romawi</a> berkomunikasi dengan menggunakan bahasa <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Brittonik&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Brittonik (halaman belum tersedia)">Brittonik</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Keltik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rumpun bahasa Keltik">Keltik</a>, beserta bahasa-bahasa Romawi yang dipengaruhi oleh bahasa Latin setelah pendudukan Romawi yang berlangsung selama 400 tahun.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Salah satu suku Jermanik yang datang ke Britania adalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Angles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Angles">Angles</a>,<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-45">[45]</a> yang diperkirakan pindah seluruhnya ke Britania.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Nama England (dari Engla land<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-47">[47]</a> "Land of the Angles") and English (Old English Englisc<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-48">[48]</a>) berasal dari nama suku ini–meskipun suku-suku Jermanik lainnya seperti <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saxon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Saxon">Saxon</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jute?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Jute">Jute</a>, dan suku-suku dari pantai <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frisia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frisia">Frisia</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Saxon_Hulu&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Saxon Hulu (halaman belum tersedia)">Saxon Hulu</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jutlandia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jutlandia">Jutland</a>, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Swedia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Swedia">Swedia</a> selatan juga pindah ke Britania pada periode ini.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-50">[50]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Pada awalnya, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Kuno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Inggris Kuno">bahasa Inggris Kuno</a> terdiri dari beragam kelompok dialek, yang mencerminkan beragam suku yang menghuni <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anglia-Sachsen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglia-Sachsen">Anglia-Sachsen</a>,<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-52">[52]</a> tetapi <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dialek_Saxon_Barat_(bahasa_Inggris_Kuno)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Dialek Saxon Barat (bahasa Inggris Kuno) (halaman belum tersedia)">dialek Saxon Barat</a> perlahan-lahan mulai mendominasi, seperti yang tertulis dalam syair <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beowulf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beowulf">Beowulf</a>. Bahasa Inggris Kuno kemudian diubah lagi oleh dua gelombang invasi. Yang pertama adalah invasi oleh penutur bahasa <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Jermanik_Utara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rumpun bahasa Jermanik Utara">Jermanik Utara</a>, ketika <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Halfdan_Ragnarsson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Halfdan Ragnarsson">Halfdan Ragnarsson</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ivar_the_Boneless&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ivar the Boneless (halaman belum tersedia)">Ivar the Boneless</a> mulai menaklukkan dan menguasai Kepulauan Britania bagian utara pada abad ke-8 dan ke-9 (lihat <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Danelaw?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Danelaw">Danelaw</a>). Invasi kedua berasal dari penutur <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Romawi&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bahasa Romawi (halaman belum tersedia)">bahasa Romawi</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Normandia_Kuno&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bahasa Normandia Kuno (halaman belum tersedia)">Normandia Kuno</a> pada abad ke-11 setelah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Penaklukan_Normandia_di_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Penaklukan Normandia di Inggris">penaklukan Normandia terhadap Inggris</a>. Normandia mengembangkan bahasa Inggris menjadi <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Anglo-Norman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Anglo-Norman">bahasa Anglo-Norman</a>, dan kemudian <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hukum_Prancis&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Hukum Prancis (halaman belum tersedia)">Anglo-Prancis</a>–dan memperkenalkan penggolongan kata, khususnya di kalangan istana dan pemerintahan. Normandia juga memperluas <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leksikon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leksikon">leksikon</a> bahasa Inggris dengan menyerap kata-kata dari bahasa Skandinavia dan Prancis. Hal ini pada akhirnya menyederhanakan tatabahasa dan mengubah bahasa Inggris menjadi sebuah "bahasa pinjaman"–bahasa yang secara terbuka menerima kata-kata baru dari bahasa lain. Pergeseran linguistik dalam bahasa Inggris setelah pendudukan Normandia menghasilkan bahasa baru yang saat ini dikenal dengan bahasa Inggris Pertengahan; <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Canterbury_Tales?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Canterbury Tales">The Canterbury Tales</a> karya <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Geoffrey Chaucer">Geoffrey Chaucer</a> adalah karya terkenal yang ditulis dalam bahasa ini. Pada periode ini, bahasa Latin merupakan lingua franca di kalangan Gereja Kristen dan intelektual Eropa, dan karya-karya ditulis atau disalin dalam bahasa Latin.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Weissbort-19">[19]</a> Kata-kata Latin kemudian turut diserap untuk menciptakan istilah atau konsep yang tidak terdapat dalam kata bahasa Inggris asli. Pemakaian <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Modern?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Inggris Modern">bahasa Inggris Modern</a>, termasuk dalam karya-karya <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Shakespeare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-53">[53]</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alkitab_Versi_Raja_James?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alkitab Versi Raja James">Alkitab Versi Raja James</a>, umumnya bermula sejak tahun 1550, dan setelah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Britania_Raya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Britania Raya">Britania Raya</a> menjadi kekuatan kolonial, bahasa Inggris berfungsi sebagai lingua franca di negara-negara jajahan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperium_Britania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperium Britania">Imperium Britania</a>. Pada periode pascakolonial, beberapa negara baru yang memiliki <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ragam_bahasa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ragam bahasa">beragam bahasa</a> pribumi memilih untuk tetap menggunakan bahasa Inggris sebagai lingua franca untuk menghindari pertentangan politik yang mungkin muncul akibat menggunakan salah satu bahasa pribumi ketimbang bahasa yang lainnya. Sebagai akibat pertumbuhan Imperium Britania, bahasa Inggris digunakan secara luas di wilayah bekas jajahan Britania di Amerika Utara, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/India?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="India">India</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Afrika_Selatan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Afrika Selatan">Afrika Selatan</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Singapura?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Singapura">Singapura</a>, dan di berbagai wilayah lainnya. Penggunaan bahasa Inggris semakin meluas setelah Amerika Serikat muncul sebagai <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Negara_adidaya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Negara adidaya">negara adidaya</a> pada pertengahan abad ke-20. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <h2 id="Bahasa_terkait">Bahasa terkait</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Rumpun_bahasa_Jermanik">Rumpun bahasa Jermanik</h3> </div> Bahasa Inggris berasal dari rumpun bahasa <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Anglo-Frisia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rumpun bahasa Anglo-Frisia">Anglo-Frisia</a>, subkelompok dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Jermanik_Barat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rumpun bahasa Jermanik Barat">bahasa Jermanik Barat</a>. Bahasa Jermanik Barat sendiri adalah salah satu cabang dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Jermanik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rumpun bahasa Jermanik">rumpun bahasa Jermanik</a>, sedangkan Jermanik adalah bagian dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Indo-Eropa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rumpun bahasa Indo-Eropa">rumpun bahasa Indo-Eropa</a>. Bahasa Inggris modern diturunkan secara langsung dari bahasa Inggris Pertengahan; Inggris Pertengahan diturunkan dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Kuno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Inggris Kuno">bahasa Inggris Kuno</a>, yang juga diturunkan dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Proto-Jermanik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Proto-Jermanik">bahasa Proto-Jermanik</a>. Seperti kebanyakan bahasa Jermanik lainnya, bahasa Inggris dicirikan dengan penggunaan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kata_kerja_pengandaian&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kata kerja pengandaian (halaman belum tersedia)">kata kerja pengandaian</a>, pembagian kata kerja menjadi <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kata_kerja_kuat_Jermanik&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kata kerja kuat Jermanik (halaman belum tersedia)">kata kerja kuat</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kata_kerja_lemah_Jermanik&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kata kerja lemah Jermanik (halaman belum tersedia)">lemah</a>, dan pergeseran pelafalan dari <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Proto-Indo-Eropa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Proto-Indo-Eropa">bahasa Proto-Indo-Eropa</a>, yang dikenal dengan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hukum_Grimm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hukum Grimm">hukum Grimm</a>. Bahasa kerabat terdekat dengan bahasa Inggris (selain bahasa-bahasa yang tergolong dalam <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumpun bahasa Inggris">rumpun bahasa Inggris</a> dan bahasa Inggris kreol) adalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Frisia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Frisia">bahasa Frisia</a>, yang berasal dari pantai selatan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Laut_Utara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Laut Utara">Laut Utara</a> di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belanda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belanda">Belanda</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jerman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jerman">Jerman</a>, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Denmark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>. Selain dengan bahasa Frisia, bahasa lainnya yang juga terkait jauh dengan bahasa Inggris adalah bahasa-bahasa Jermanik Barat non-Anglo-Frisia (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Belanda?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Belanda">bahasa Belanda</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Afrikaans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jerman_Hulu&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Jerman Hulu (halaman belum tersedia)">Jerman Hulu</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Jerman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Jerman">Jerman Hilir</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Yiddish?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Yiddish">Yiddish</a>) serta <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rumpun_bahasa_Jermanik_Utara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rumpun bahasa Jermanik Utara">rumpun bahasa Jermanik Utara</a> (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Swedia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Swedia">Swedish</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Denmark?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Norwegia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Norwegia">Norwegia</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Islandia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Islandia">Islandia</a>, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Faroe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Faroe">Faroe</a>). Tidak ada satupun dari bahasa-bahasa tersebut yang saling berpahaman dengan bahasa Inggris, umumnya karena perbedaan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Leksis_(linguistik)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Leksis (linguistik) (halaman belum tersedia)">leksis</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sintaks?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sintaks">sintaks</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Semantik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Semantik">semantik</a>, dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fonologi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fonologi">fonologi</a>, serta isolasi yang dialami oleh bahasa Inggris di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kepulauan_Britania?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kepulauan Britania">Kepulauan Britania</a> yang terpisah dari dataran Eropa, meskipun beberapa bahasa seperti Belanda memiliki afinitas yang cukup kuat dengan bahasa Inggris, terutama pada tingkat dasar. Pengisolasian telah memungkinkan bahasa Inggris (serta bahasa Islandia dan Faroe) untuk berkembang secara mandiri dan terpisah dari pengaruh bahasa Jermanik Eropa daratan.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-54">[54]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:%C3%98vre_Stabu_spearhead.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/%C3%98vre_Stabu_spearhead.png/220px-%C3%98vre_Stabu_spearhead.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="101" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="367"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 101px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/%C3%98vre_Stabu_spearhead.png/220px-%C3%98vre_Stabu_spearhead.png" data-width="220" data-height="101" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/%C3%98vre_Stabu_spearhead.png/330px-%C3%98vre_Stabu_spearhead.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/%C3%98vre_Stabu_spearhead.png/440px-%C3%98vre_Stabu_spearhead.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ujung_tombak_%C3%98vre_Stabu&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ujung tombak Øvre Stabu (halaman belum tersedia)">Ujung tombak Øvre Stabu</a> dari abad ke-2 yang bertuliskan Raunijaz ("tester") dalam <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Proto-Norse&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bahasa Proto-Norse (halaman belum tersedia)">bahasa Proto-Norse</a>, salah satu sampel tertulis bahasa Jermanik paling awal. </figcaption> </figure> Selain karena isolasi, perbedaan leksikal antara bahasa Inggris dengan bahasa Jermanik lainnya juga disebabkan oleh <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Linguistik_sejarah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Linguistik sejarah">perubahan diakronis</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Perubahan_semantik&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Perubahan semantik (halaman belum tersedia)">pergeseran semantik</a>, dan banyaknya kata bahasa Inggris yang diserap dari bahasa lain, terutama Latin dan Perancis (meskipun penyerapan kata ini sama sekali bukanlah hal unik bagi bahasa Inggris). Misalnya: kata "exit" diserap dari bahasa Latin, bukannya uitgang (Belanda) dan Ausgang (Jerman), juga kata "change" (Perancis). </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <h2 id="Persebaran_geografis">Persebaran geografis</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:English_Proficiency_Index_by_country_as_of_2014.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/English_Proficiency_Index_by_country_as_of_2014.svg/260px-English_Proficiency_Index_by_country_as_of_2014.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="132" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="260"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 260px;height: 132px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/English_Proficiency_Index_by_country_as_of_2014.svg/260px-English_Proficiency_Index_by_country_as_of_2014.svg.png" data-width="260" data-height="132" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/English_Proficiency_Index_by_country_as_of_2014.svg/390px-English_Proficiency_Index_by_country_as_of_2014.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/English_Proficiency_Index_by_country_as_of_2014.svg/520px-English_Proficiency_Index_by_country_as_of_2014.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Persentase penutur bahasa Inggris berdasarkan negara dan wilayah dependen pada tahun 2014. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"> <div class="legend">   80–100% </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"> <div class="legend">   60–80% </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"> <div class="legend">   40–60% </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"> <div class="legend">   20–40% </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"> <div class="legend">   0.1–20% </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r19202607"> <div class="legend">   Tidak ada data </div> </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:Map_of_English_native_speakers.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Map_of_English_native_speakers.png/260px-Map_of_English_native_speakers.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="125" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="615"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 260px;height: 125px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Map_of_English_native_speakers.png/260px-Map_of_English_native_speakers.png" data-width="260" data-height="125" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Map_of_English_native_speakers.png/390px-Map_of_English_native_speakers.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Map_of_English_native_speakers.png/520px-Map_of_English_native_speakers.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Persentase pengguna bahasa Inggris sebagai <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_ibu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa ibu">bahasa ibu</a> </figcaption> </figure> Pada tahun 2016, sekitar 400 juta orang menggunakan bahasa Inggris sebagai <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_ibu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa ibu">bahasa pertama</a> mereka, sementara 1.1 milyar orang menuturkannya sebagai bahasa kedua.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-55">[55]</a> English is the <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=List_of_languages_by_total_number_of_speakers&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="List of languages by total number of speakers (halaman belum tersedia)">largest language by number of speakers</a>. Komunitas penutur bahasa Inggris dapat ditemui di tiap benua.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTECrystal2003b106-56">[56]</a> Negara-negara yang menjadi tempat bahasa Inggris dituturkan dapat digolongkan menjadi tiga kategori berbeda, tergantung peran yang diambil oleh bahasa Inggris di negara tersebut. Negara "lingkar dalam" (inner circle)<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTESvartvikLeech20062-57">[57]</a> yang memiliki banyak <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Penutur_jati?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Penutur jati">penutur jati</a> bahasa Inggris berbagi ragam tulisan standar yang bersifat internasional dan secara kolektif mempengaruhi norma bertutur bahasa Inggris di seluruh dunia. Bahasa Inggris bukan hanya milik satu negara saja, dan bukan pula milik pemukim keturunan Inggris semata. Bahasa Inggris digunakan sebagai bahasa resmi di beberapa negara yang memiliki sedikit keturunan penutur jati bahasa Inggris. Bahasa ini juga telah menjadi bahasa terpenting dalam komunikasi internasional dengan bertindak sebagai <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lingua_franca?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a> bagi orang-orang yang tidak berbagi bahasa ibu yang sama di seluruh dunia. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Tiga_lingkar_negara-negara_penutur_bahasa_Inggris">Tiga lingkar negara-negara penutur bahasa Inggris</h3> </div> Ahli bahasa berkebangsaan India, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Braj_Kachru&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Braj Kachru (halaman belum tersedia)">Braj Kachru</a>, membedakan antara negara-negara penutur bahasa Inggris dengan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tiga_Lingkar_Bahasa_Inggris&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Tiga Lingkar Bahasa Inggris (halaman belum tersedia)">model tiga lingkar</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTESvartvikLeech20062-57">[57]</a> Dalam model ini, <ul> <li>negara-negara di "lingkar dalam" memiliki komunitas penutur jati bahasa Inggris yang besar;</li> <li>negara-negara di "lingkar luar" memilki komunitas penutur jati bahasa Inggris yang kecil, tetapi penggunaan bahasa Inggris yang luas sebagai bahasa kedua di bidang pendidikan, penyiaran, atau keperluan resmi setempat; dan</li> <li>negara-negara di "lingkar pengembangan", yang memiliki banyak pembelajar bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa asing.</li> </ul> Kachru mendasarkan modelnya pada metode penyebaran bahasa Inggris di negara yang berbeda-beda, bagaimana cara penutur mempelajarinya, dan lingkup penggunaan bahasa Inggris di negara tersebut. Cakupan ketiga lingkar ini dapat berubah seiring waktu.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKachru2006196-58">[58]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berkas:Kachru%27s_three_circles_of_English.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="Braj Kachru's Three Circles of English" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Kachru%27s_three_circles_of_English.svg/220px-Kachru%27s_three_circles_of_English.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 220px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Kachru%27s_three_circles_of_English.svg/220px-Kachru%27s_three_circles_of_English.svg.png" data-alt="Braj Kachru's Three Circles of English" data-width="220" data-height="220" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Kachru%27s_three_circles_of_English.svg/330px-Kachru%27s_three_circles_of_English.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Kachru%27s_three_circles_of_English.svg/440px-Kachru%27s_three_circles_of_English.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Tiga Lingkar Bahasa Inggris (Three Circles of English) menurut Braj Kachru </figcaption> </figure> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <h2 id="Fonologi">Fonologi</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Artikel utama: <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_bahasa_Inggris&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Fonologi bahasa Inggris (halaman belum tersedia)">Fonologi bahasa Inggris</a> </div> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fonetik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fonetik">Fonetik</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fonologi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fonologi">fonologi</a> bahasa Inggris berbeda dari satu dialek ke dialek yang lain, meskipun hal ini biasanya tidak mengganggu komunikasi antar penutur berbeda dialek. Keragaman fonologi menjadikan jumlah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fonem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fonem">fonem</a> (bunyi yang dapat mengubah arti) yang berbeda-beda, sementara keragaman fonetik memberikan perbedaan dalam hal realisasi pengucapan fonem-fonem tersebut. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolfram2006334%E2%80%93335-59">[59]</a> Ringkasan berikut utamanya menjabarkan dua <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_baku?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa baku">sistem pengucapan baku</a>, yaitu Pengucapan Lazim (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Received_Pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Received Pronunciation">Received Pronunciation</a>, RP) yang dipakai di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Britania_Raya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Britania Raya">Britania Raya</a>, serta logat Amerika Umum (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/General_American?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="General American">General American</a>, GA) yang dipakai di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amerika_Serikat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a>. Sistem penulisan fonetik yang digunakan di bawah ini adalah <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alfabet_Fonetis_Internasional?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfabet Fonetis Internasional">Alfabet Fonetis Internasional</a> (International Phonetic Alphabet atau IPA).<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTECarrHoneybone2007-60">[60]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerm%C3%BAdez-OteroMcMahon2006-61">[61]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacMahon2006-62">[62]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Konsonan">Konsonan</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Artikel utama: <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_bahasa_Inggris&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Fonologi bahasa Inggris (halaman belum tersedia)">Fonologi bahasa Inggris § Konsonan</a> </div> Kebanyakan dialek bahasa Inggris menggunakan 24 fonem konsonan yang sama. Daftar konsonan yang diberikan di bawah ini berlaku untuk dialek <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_California?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Inggris California">Inggris California</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEInternational_Phonetic_Association199941%E2%80%9342-63">[63]</a> dan RP.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEK%C3%B6nig1994534-64">[64]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"> <caption> Fonem konsonan </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th></th> <th colspan="2"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konsonan_bibir?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konsonan bibir">Labial</a></th> <th colspan="2"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_interdental&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Konsonan interdental (halaman belum tersedia)">Dental</a></th> <th colspan="2"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konsonan_alveolar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan alveolar">Alveolar</a></th> <th colspan="2"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_alveolar_belakang&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Konsonan alveolar belakang (halaman belum tersedia)">Alv. belakang</a></th> <th colspan="2"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konsonan_palatal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan palatal">Palatal</a></th> <th colspan="2"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konsonan_velar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan velar">Velar</a></th> <th colspan="2"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konsonan_glotal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan glotal">Glotal</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konsonan_nasal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan nasal">Sengau</a></th> <td style="border-right: 0;"></td> <td style="border-left: 0;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konsonan_sengau_dwibibir?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan sengau dwibibir">m</a></td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td style="border-right: 0;"></td> <td style="border-left: 0;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konsonan_sengau_rongga-gigi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konsonan sengau rongga-gigi">n</a></td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td style="border-right: 0;"></td> <td style="border-left: 0;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konsonan_sengau_langit-langit_belakang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konsonan sengau langit-langit belakang">ŋ</a></td> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konsonan_hentian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan hentian">Hentian</a></th> <td style="border-right: 0;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konsonan_letup_dwibibir_nirsuara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konsonan letup dwibibir nirsuara">p</a></td> <td style="border-left: 0;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konsonan_letup_dwibibir_bersuara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konsonan letup dwibibir bersuara">b</a></td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td style="border-right: 0;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konsonan_letup_rongga-gigi_nirsuara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konsonan letup rongga-gigi nirsuara">t</a></td> <td style="border-left: 0;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konsonan_letup_rongga-gigi_bersuara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konsonan letup rongga-gigi bersuara">d</a></td> <td style="border-right: 0;"></td> <td style="border-left: 0;"></td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td style="border-right: 0;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konsonan_letup_langit-langit_belakang_nirsuara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konsonan letup langit-langit belakang nirsuara">k</a></td> <td style="border-left: 0;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konsonan_letup_langit-langit_belakang_bersuara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konsonan letup langit-langit belakang bersuara">ɡ</a></td> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konsonan_afrikat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan afrikat">Afrikat</a></th> <td style="border-right: 0;"></td> <td style="border-left: 0;"></td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td style="border-right: 0;"></td> <td style="border-left: 0;"></td> <td style="border-right: 0;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konsonan_gesek_pasca_rongga-gigi_nirsuara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Konsonan_desis_gesek_pasca_rongga-gigi_nirsuara" title="Konsonan gesek pasca rongga-gigi nirsuara">tʃ</a></td> <td style="border-left: 0;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konsonan_gesek_pasca_rongga-gigi_bersuara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Konsonan_desis_gesek_rongga-gigi_bersuara" title="Konsonan gesek pasca rongga-gigi bersuara">dʒ</a></td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td style="border-right: 0;"></td> <td style="border-left: 0;"></td> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konsonan_frikatif?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan frikatif">Frikatif</a></th> <td style="border-right: 0;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konsonan_geser_bibir-gigi_nirsuara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konsonan geser bibir-gigi nirsuara">f</a></td> <td style="border-left: 0;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konsonan_geser_bibir-gigi_bersuara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konsonan geser bibir-gigi bersuara">v</a></td> <td style="border-right: 0;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konsonan_geser_gigi_nirsuara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konsonan geser gigi nirsuara">θ</a></td> <td style="border-left: 0;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konsonan_geser_gigi_bersuara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konsonan geser gigi bersuara">ð</a></td> <td style="border-right: 0;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konsonan_geser_rongga-gigi_nirsuara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konsonan geser rongga-gigi nirsuara">s</a></td> <td style="border-left: 0;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konsonan_geser_rongga-gigi_bersuara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konsonan geser rongga-gigi bersuara">z</a></td> <td style="border-right: 0;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konsonan_geser_pasca_rongga-gigi_nirsuara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konsonan geser pasca rongga-gigi nirsuara">ʃ</a></td> <td style="border-left: 0;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konsonan_geser_pasca_rongga-gigi_bersuara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konsonan geser pasca rongga-gigi bersuara">ʒ</a></td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td style="border-right: 0;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konsonan_geser_celah-suara_nirsuara?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konsonan geser celah-suara nirsuara">h</a></td> <td style="border-left: 0;"></td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aproksiman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Aproksiman">Aproksiman</a></th> <td colspan="2"></td> <td colspan="2"></td> <td style="border-right: 0;"></td> <td style="border-left: 0;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konsonan_hampiran-sisi_rongga-gigi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konsonan hampiran-sisi rongga-gigi">l</a></td> <td style="border-right: 0;"></td> <td style="border-left: 0;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konsonan_hampiran_rongga-gigi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konsonan hampiran rongga-gigi">ɹ</a>*</td> <td style="border-right: 0;"></td> <td style="border-left: 0;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konsonan_hampiran_langit-langit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konsonan hampiran langit-langit">j</a></td> <td style="border-right: 0;"></td> <td style="border-left: 0;"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Konsonan Voiced labial–velar approximant (halaman belum tersedia)">w</a></td> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> * Lazim ditranskripsikan sebagai /r/ Untuk <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konsonan_hambat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konsonan hambat">konsonan hambat</a> (hentian, afrikat, dan frikatif) yang berpasangan pada tabel di atas, seperti /p b/, /tʃ dʒ/, dan /s z/, fonem yang pertama bersifat <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Fortis_dan_lenis&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Fortis dan lenis (halaman belum tersedia)">fortis</a> (kuat), sementara yang kedua bersifat lenis (lemah). Konsonan hambat fortis seperti /p tʃ s/ diucapkan dengan otot yang lebih tegang dan hembusan napas yang lebih kuat daripada konsonan lenis seperti /b dʒ z/, dan selalu bersifat <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suara_(fonetik)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suara (fonetik)">nirsuara</a> (diucapkan tanpa menggetarkan pita suara). Pada konsonan lenis di awal dan akhir ujaran, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suara_(fonetik)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suara (fonetik)">getaran pita suara</a> dilakukan secara parsial, sementara pada konsonan lenis di antara vokal, getaran pita suara dilakukan secara penuh. Pada kebanyakan dialek, hentian fortis seperti /p/ memiliki ciri artikulasi atau akustik tambahan, yaitu: 1) diucapkan dengan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_aspirasi&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Konsonan aspirasi (halaman belum tersedia)">aspirasi</a> [pʰ] jika konsonan tersebut berdiri sendiri di awal suku kata bertekanan; 2) sering kali diucapkan tanpa aspirasi pada kasus lainnya, dan 3) sering kali diucapkan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_hentian_tak_letup&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Konsonan hentian tak letup (halaman belum tersedia)">tanpa letupan</a> [p̚] atau dengan pra-glotalisasi [ʔp] di akhir suku kata. Pada kata yang terdiri dari satu suku kata, bunyi vokal sebelum hentian fortis dipendekkan, sehingga bunyi vokal pada kata nip 'cubit' terdengar lebih pendek (secara fonetis, bukan fonemis) daripada vokal dalam kata nib [nɪˑb̥] 'ujung yang runcing'.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollinsMees200347%E2%80%9353-65">[65]</a> <ul> <li>hentian lenis: bin [b̥ɪˑn] 'wadah', about [əˈbaʊt] 'tentang', nib [nɪˑb̥] 'ujung yang runcing'</li> <li>hentian fortis: pin [pʰɪn] 'pin'; spin [spɪn] 'putar'; happy [ˈhæpi] 'bahagia'; nip [nɪp̚] or [nɪʔp] 'cubit'</li> </ul> Pada dialek RP, aproksiman lateral /l/ memiliki dua <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alofon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alofon">alofon</a> (variasi pengucapan) berbeda, yaitu [l] yang pengucapannya jelas atau polos, seperti pada kata light 'cahaya', serta [ɫ] yang diucapkan dengan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Velarisasi&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Velarisasi (halaman belum tersedia)">velarisasi</a> (lidah belakang dinaikkan sampai mendekati velum) sehingga terkesan "gelap" (dark l), seperti pada kata full 'penuh'.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrudgillHannah200813-66">[66]</a> Dialek GA menggunakan l gelap pada kebanyakan kasus.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrudgillHannah200841-67">[67]</a> <ul> <li>l jelas: pengucapan RP untuk light [laɪt] 'cahaya'</li> <li>l gelap: pengucapan RP dan GA untuk full [fʊɫ] 'penuh', pengucapan GA untuk light [ɫaɪt] 'cahaya'</li> </ul> Semua konsonan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sonoran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sonoran">sonoran</a> (baik likuida /l, r/ maupun sengau /m, n, ŋ/) bersifat nirsuara (diucapkan tanpa getaran pita suara) jika didahului oleh bunyi hambat nirsuara, dan bersifat silabis (diucapkan sebagai suku kata tersendiri) jika didahului oleh konsonan lain di akhir kata.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrintonBrinton201056%E2%80%9359-68">[68]</a> <ul> <li>sonoran nirsuara: clay [kl̥eɪ̯] 'lempung'; snow RP [sn̥əʊ̯], GA [sn̥oʊ̯] 'salju'</li> <li>sonoran silabis: paddle [ˈpad.l̩] 'dayung, kayuh', button [ˈbʌt.n̩] 'kancing, tombol'</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Vokal">Vokal</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Artikel utama: <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Fonologi_bahasa_Inggris&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Fonologi bahasa Inggris (halaman belum tersedia)">Fonologi bahasa Inggris § Vokal</a> </div> Pengucapan vokal-vokal dalam bahasa Inggris amat bervariasi dari satu dialek ke dialek lainnya, dan merupakan salah satu aspek yang paling mudah dideteksi untuk mengetahui logat yang digunakan oleh penuturnya. Tabel di bawah ini mendaftar <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fonem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fonem">fonem-fonem</a> vokal dalam dialek Received Pronunciation (RP) dan General American (GA), dengan contoh-contoh kata yang mengandung vokal-vokal tersebut, berdasarkan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Set_kosakata&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Set kosakata (halaman belum tersedia)">set kosakata</a> yang disusun oleh para linguis. Vokal-vokal di sini direpresentasikan dengan simbol IPA; daftar vokal RP mengikut daftar vokal standar yang biasa ditemukan dalam kamus-kamus dan publikasi lain yang berasal dari Inggris.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-69">[69]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; float: left; margin-right: 1em;"> <caption> Monoftong </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Received_Pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Received Pronunciation">RP</a></th> <th><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/General_American?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="General American">GA</a></th> <th>Kata</th> <th>Arti</th> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vokal_takbulat_tertutup_depan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vokal takbulat tertutup depan">iː</a></td> <td><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vokal_takbulat_tertutup_depan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vokal takbulat tertutup depan">i</a></td> <td>need</td> <td>perlu, keperluan</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vokal_takbulat_hampir_tertutup_hampir_depan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Vokal takbulat hampir tertutup hampir depan (halaman belum tersedia)">ɪ</a></td> <td>bid</td> <td>bertaruh</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vokal_takbulat_tengah_depan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Vokal takbulat tengah depan (halaman belum tersedia)">e</a></td> <td><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vokal_takbulat_setengah_terbuka_depan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vokal takbulat setengah terbuka depan">ɛ</a></td> <td>bed</td> <td>kasur</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vokal_takbulat_hampir_terbuka_depan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vokal takbulat hampir terbuka depan">æ</a></td> <td>back</td> <td>belakang</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vokal_takbulat_terbuka_belakang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vokal takbulat terbuka belakang">ɑː</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vokal_takbulat_terbuka_belakang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vokal takbulat terbuka belakang">ɑ</a></td> <td>bra</td> <td>bra</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vokal_bulat_terbuka_belakang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vokal bulat terbuka belakang">ɒ</a></td> <td>box</td> <td>kotak</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vokal_bulat_setengah_terbuka_belakang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vokal bulat setengah terbuka belakang">ɔ</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vokal_takbulat_terbuka_belakang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vokal takbulat terbuka belakang">ɑ</a></td> <td>cloth</td> <td>kain</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vokal_bulat_setengah_tertutup_belakang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vokal bulat setengah tertutup belakang">ɔː</a></td> <td>paw</td> <td>cakar, mengais</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vokal_bulat_tertutup_belakang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vokal bulat tertutup belakang">uː</a></td> <td><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vokal_bulat_tertutup_belakang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vokal bulat tertutup belakang">u</a></td> <td>food</td> <td>makanan</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vokal_bulat_hampir_tertutup_hampir_belakang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vokal bulat hampir tertutup hampir belakang">ʊ</a></td> <td>good</td> <td>baik</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vokal_takbulat_hampir_terbuka_madya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vokal takbulat hampir terbuka madya">ʌ</a></td> <td>but</td> <td>tetapi</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vokal_tengah_madya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vokal tengah madya">ɜː</a></td> <td><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vokal_berwarna_R&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Vokal berwarna R (halaman belum tersedia)">ɜɹ</a></td> <td>bird</td> <td>burung</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vokal_tengah_madya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vokal tengah madya">ə</a></td> <td>comma</td> <td>koma</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div style="float: left;"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <caption> Diftong menutup </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Received_Pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Received Pronunciation">RP</a></th> <th><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/General_American?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="General American">GA</a></th> <th>Kata</th> <th>Arti</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">eɪ</td> <td>bay</td> <td>teluk</td> </tr> <tr> <td>əʊ</td> <td>oʊ</td> <td>road</td> <td>jalan</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">aɪ</td> <td>cry</td> <td>menangis, berteriak</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">aʊ</td> <td>cow</td> <td>sapi</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">ɔɪ</td> <td>boy</td> <td>anak laki-laki</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <caption> Diftong menengah </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Received_Pronunciation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Received Pronunciation">RP</a></th> <th><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/General_American?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="General American">GA</a></th> <th>Kata</th> <th>Arti</th> </tr> <tr> <td>ɪə</td> <td>ɪɹ</td> <td>peer</td> <td>sebaya</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vokal_takbulat_setengah_terbuka_depan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vokal takbulat setengah terbuka depan">eə</a></td> <td>ɛɹ</td> <td>pair</td> <td>pasangan</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ʊə</td> <td>ʊɹ</td> <td>poor</td> <td>miskin</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div style="clear:both;"></div> Dalam dialek RP, panjang vokal bersifat fonemis; <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Panjang_vokal&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Panjang vokal (halaman belum tersedia)">vokal panjang</a> ditandai dengan simbol titik dua serupa ujung panah [ː] dalam tabel di atas. Contohnya adalah vokal dalam kata need [niːd] yang berlawanan dengan vokal dalam kata bid [bɪd]. Sementara dalam dialek GA, panjang vokal tidak bersifat fonemis atau mengubah makna. Bunyi vokal dalam dialek RP maupun GA <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pemotongan_(fonetik)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Pemotongan (fonetik) (halaman belum tersedia)">dipendekkan</a> jika ditutup oleh konsonan fortis (seperti /t tʃ f/) pada suku kata yang sama, tetapi tidak dipendekkan sebelum konsonan lenis seperti /d dʒ v/ atau jika berada pada suku kata terbuka. Karena itu, bunyi vokal dalam kata rich [rɪtʃ], neat [nit], dan safe [seɪ̯f] terkesan lebih pendek daripada bunyi vokal dalam kata ridge [rɪˑdʒ], need [niˑd], dan save [seˑɪ̯v], begitu pula dengan bunyi vokal dalam kata light [laɪ̯t] yang lebih pendek daripada bunyi vokal dalam kata lie [laˑɪ̯]. Karena konsonan lenis sering kali bersifat nirsuara pada akhir suku kata, panjang sebuah bunyi vokal merupakan penanda yang penting untuk mengetahui apakah konsonan yang mengikutinya bersifat lenis atau fortis.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollinsMees200346%E2%80%9350-70">[70]</a> Vokal /ə/ hanya muncul pada suku kata tanpa penekanan dan diucapkan dengan mulut yang lebih terbuka pada posisi akhir bentuk dasar/pangkal kata (stem).<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTECruttenden2014138-71">[71]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlemmingJohnson2007-72">[72]</a> Beberapa dialek tidak membedakan antara bunyi /ɪ/ dan /ə/ dalam posisi tanpa penekanan, sehingga kata rabbit 'kelinci' dan abbot 'abbas, kepala biara' berbagi rima yang serupa, sementara nama Lenin dan Lennon memiliki pengucapan yang sama (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Homofon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Homofon">homofon</a>). Ciri dialektal ini disebut sebagai <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Penggabungan_vokal_lemah&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Penggabungan vokal lemah (halaman belum tersedia)">penggabungan vokal lemah</a> (weak vowel merger).<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWells1982167-73">[73]</a> Bunyi /ɜr/ dan /ər/ dalam dialek GA direalisasikan sebagai <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Vokal_dengan_warna_r&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Vokal dengan warna r (halaman belum tersedia)">vokal dengan corak bunyi r</a> [ɚ]. Contohnya adalah kata further 'lebih jauh', yang secara fonemis direpresentasikan sebagai /ˈfɜrðər/ tapi diucapkan sebagai [ˈfɚðɚ] dalam GA. Kata yang sama dalam RP direpresentasikan secara fonemis sebagai /ˈfɜːðə/ dan direalisasikan sebagai [ˈfəːðə].<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWells1982121-74">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Tekanan,_ritme_dan_intonasi">Tekanan, ritme dan intonasi</h3> </div> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tekanan_(linguistik)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Tekanan (linguistik) (halaman belum tersedia)">Tekanan</a> memiliki peran yang besar dalam bahasa Inggris. Dalam kata-kata bahasa Inggris, ada suku kata yang ditekan dan ada yang tidak. Tekanan yang dimaksud di sini mencakup perbedaan dalam hal durasi, intensitas, dan kualitas vokal, dan terkadang juga perubahan pada nada (pitch). Suku kata yang ditekan diucapkan dengan lebih panjang dan lebih nyaring daripada suku kata yang tidak ditekan. Bunyi vokal dalam suku kata tanpa tekanan sering kali mengalami <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Reduksi_vokal&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Reduksi vokal (halaman belum tersedia)">reduksi</a> sementara vokal dalam suku kata dengan tekanan tidak direduksi.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEInternational_Phonetic_Association199942-75">[75]</a> Beberapa kata—terutama kata tugas, tetapi juga kata kerja modal seperti can—memiliki <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bentuk_lemah_dan_kuat_dalam_bahasa_Inggris&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bentuk lemah dan kuat dalam bahasa Inggris (halaman belum tersedia)">bentuk lemah dan kuat</a> tergantung dari apakah kata tersebut muncul di posisi yang ditekan atau tidak dalam sebuah kalimat. Tekanan dalam bahasa Inggris bersifat fonemis, dan terdapat beberapa pasang kata yang dibedakan hanya berdasarkan posisi tekanannya. Contohnya, kata contract ditekan pada suku kata pertama (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:IPA_untuk_bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantuan:IPA untuk bahasa Inggris">/ˈkɒntrækt/</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Kunci_pengejaan_pengucapan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Kunci pengejaan pengucapan">KON-trakt</a>) ketika digunakan sebagai nomina ('kontrak'), tetapi ditekan pada suku kata terakhir (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:IPA_untuk_bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantuan:IPA untuk bahasa Inggris">/kənˈtrækt/</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Kunci_pengejaan_pengucapan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Kunci pengejaan pengucapan">kən-TRAKT</a>) ketika digunakan sebagai verba yang dapat mencakup banyak makna (termasuk misalnya contract yang berarti 'menyusut').<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOxford_Learner's_Dictionary2015Entry_%22contract%22-76">[76]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMerriam_Webster2015Entry_%22contract%22-77">[77]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacquarie_Dictionary2015Entry_%22contract%22-78">[78]</a> Di sini, tekanan berkaitan dengan reduksi vokal: pada contract yang bermakna nomina, vokal pada suku kata pertama yang ditekan diucapkan tanpa reduksi sebagai /ɒ/, tetapi pada contract yang bermakna verba, suku kata pertama tidak ditekan dan vokalnya direduksi menjadi /ə/. Tekanan juga digunakan untuk membedakan antara kata dan frasa, sehingga gabungan kata serangkai hanya diberi tekanan pada salah satu bagian, tetapi frasa dengan komponen yang sama ditekan dua kali: contohnya a burnout (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:IPA_untuk_bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantuan:IPA untuk bahasa Inggris">/ˈbɜːrnaʊt/</a>) 'kelelahan mental' versus to burn out (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:IPA_untuk_bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantuan:IPA untuk bahasa Inggris">/ˈbɜːrn ˈaʊt/</a>) 'membakar habis', serta a hotdog (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:IPA_untuk_bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantuan:IPA untuk bahasa Inggris">/ˈhɒtdɒɡ/</a>) 'sepotong <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hotdog?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotdog">hotdog</a>' versus a hot dog (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:IPA_untuk_bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantuan:IPA untuk bahasa Inggris">/ˈhɒt ˈdɒɡ/</a>) 'seekor anjing yang panas'.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrintonBrinton201066-79">[79]</a> Bahasa Inggris umumnya dianggap sebagai bahasa yang ritmenya diatur oleh suku kata bertekanan (stress-timed rhythm); selisih waktu pengucapan antara suku kata bertekanan dalam bahasa Inggris cenderung konstan.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-80">[80]</a> Suku kata dengan tekanan diucapkan lebih panjang, sementara suku kata tanpa tekanan (yang berada di antara suku kata bertekanan) dipendekkan. Pemendekan bunyi vokal dalam suku kata tanpa tekanan menyebabkan perubahan dalam <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kualitas_vokal&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kualitas vokal (halaman belum tersedia)">kualitas vokal</a>; fenomena ini disebut juga dengan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Reduksi_vokal&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Reduksi vokal (halaman belum tersedia)">reduksi vokal</a>.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-81">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Ragam_regional">Ragam regional</h3> </div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible"> <caption class="nowrap"> Ragam-ragam bahasa Inggris Baku dan ciri khasnya<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrudgillHannah20024%E2%80%936-82">[82]</a> </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th>Ciri fonologi</th> <th><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Amerika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa Inggris Amerika">Amerika Serikat</a></th> <th><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Kanada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Inggris Kanada">Kanada</a></th> <th><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Irlandia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Inggris Irlandia">Republik Irlandia</a></th> <th><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Inggris_Ulster&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bahasa Inggris Ulster (halaman belum tersedia)">Irlandia Utara</a></th> <th><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Skotlandia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Inggris Skotlandia">Skotlandia</a></th> <th><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Inggris_di_Inggris&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bahasa Inggris di Inggris (halaman belum tersedia)">Inggris</a></th> <th><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Wales?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Inggris Wales">Wales</a></th> <th><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Afrika_Selatan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Inggris Afrika Selatan">Afrika Selatan</a></th> <th><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Australia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Inggris Australia">Australia</a></th> <th><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Selandia_Baru?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Inggris Selandia Baru">Selandia Baru</a></th> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Merger_father-bother&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Merger father-bother (halaman belum tersedia)">merger vokal father–bother</a></th> <td>ya</td> <td>ya</td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:IPA_untuk_bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantuan:IPA untuk bahasa Inggris">/ɒ/</a> diucapkan secara <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kebulatan_vokal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kebulatan vokal">takbulat</a></th> <td>ya</td> <td>ya</td> <td>ya</td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:IPA_untuk_bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantuan:IPA untuk bahasa Inggris">/ɜːr/</a> diucapkan sebagai [ɚ]</th> <td>ya</td> <td>ya</td> <td>ya</td> <td>ya</td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Merger_cot-caught&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Merger cot-caught (halaman belum tersedia)">merger vokal cot–caught</a></th> <td>mungkin</td> <td>ya</td> <td>mungkin</td> <td>ya</td> <td>ya</td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Merger_full%E2%80%93fool&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Merger full–fool (halaman belum tersedia)">merger vokal fool–full</a></th> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td>ya</td> <td>ya</td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:IPA_untuk_bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantuan:IPA untuk bahasa Inggris">/t, d/</a> diucapkan dengan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konsonan_sentuhan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan sentuhan">kepakan lidah</a> (flap)</th> <td>ya</td> <td>ya</td> <td>mungkin</td> <td>sering</td> <td>jarang</td> <td>jarang</td> <td>jarang</td> <td>jarang</td> <td>ya</td> <td>sering</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pemisahan_trap-bath&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Pemisahan trap-bath (halaman belum tersedia)">pemisahan vokal trap–bath</a></th> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td>mungkin</td> <td>mungkin</td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td>sering</td> <td>ya</td> <td>ya</td> <td>sering</td> <td>ya</td> </tr> <tr> <th>tidak bersifat <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rhotisitas&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Rhotisitas (halaman belum tersedia)">rhotis</a> (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:IPA_untuk_bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantuan:IPA untuk bahasa Inggris">/r/</a> dibuang setelah vokal)</th> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td>ya</td> <td>ya</td> <td>ya</td> <td>ya</td> <td>ya</td> </tr> <tr> <th>/æ, ɛ/ ditukar dengan vokal tertutup</th> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td>ya</td> <td>ya</td> <td>ya</td> </tr> <tr> <th><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:IPA_untuk_bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantuan:IPA untuk bahasa Inggris">/l/</a> dapat selalu diucapkan sebagai [ɫ]</th> <td>ya</td> <td>ya</td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td>ya</td> <td>ya</td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td>ya</td> <td>ya</td> </tr> <tr> <th>/ɑːr/ diucapkan dengan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pemajuan_(fonetik)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Pemajuan (fonetik) (halaman belum tersedia)">posisi yang lebih maju</a></th> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td>mungkin</td> <td>mungkin</td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td style="background:lightgrey;"></td> <td>ya</td> <td>ya</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <caption> Vokal terbuka dalam beberapa dialek </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th>Kosakata</th> <th>RP</th> <th>GA</th> <th>Kanada</th> <th>Perubahan bunyi</th> </tr> <tr> <th>THOUGHT</th> <td>/ɔː/</td> <td rowspan="2">/ɔ/ atau /ɑ/</td> <td rowspan="4">/ɑ/</td> <td><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Cot%E2%80%93caught&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Cot–caught (halaman belum tersedia)">merger vokal cot–caught</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th>CLOTH</th> <td rowspan="2">/ɒ/</td> <td><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Lot%E2%80%93cloth_split&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Lot–cloth split (halaman belum tersedia)">pemisahan vokal lot–cloth</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th>LOT</th> <td rowspan="2">/ɑ/</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Father%E2%80%93bother&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Father–bother (halaman belum tersedia)">merger vokal father–bother</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th>PALM</th> <td rowspan="2">/ɑː/</td> </tr> <tr> <th>BATH</th> <td rowspan="2">/æ/</td> <td rowspan="2">/æ/</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Trap%E2%80%93bath_split&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Trap–bath split (halaman belum tersedia)">pemisahan vokal trap–bath</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th>TRAP</th> <td>/æ/</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> Perbedaan paling besar dalam ragam-ragam bahasa Inggris adalah pada pengucapan bunyi vokalnya. Terdapat dua ragam utama yang digunakan sebagai ragam baku dalam pengajaran bahasa Inggris di negara-negara yang penduduknya mayoritas bukan penutur bahasa tersebut, yaitu bahasa Inggris Britania (British English, BrE) dan bahasa Inggris Amerika (American English, AmE). Negara-negara seperti <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Kanada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Inggris Kanada">Kanada</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Australia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Inggris Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Irlandia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Inggris Irlandia">Irlandia</a>, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Selandia_Baru?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Inggris Selandia Baru">Selandia Baru</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Afrika_Selatan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Inggris Afrika Selatan">Afrika Selatan</a> memiliki ragam baku mereka sendiri yang lebih jarang dipakai dalam pengajaran bahasa Inggris secara internasional. Beberapa perbedaan antara ragam-ragam ini dapat dilihat pada tabel "Ragam-ragam bahasa Inggris Baku dan ciri khasnya".<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrudgillHannah20024%E2%80%936-82">[82]</a> Sepanjang sejarahnya, bahasa Inggris telah melalui berbagai <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_fonologi_bahasa_Inggris&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sejarah fonologi bahasa Inggris (halaman belum tersedia)">perubahan bunyi</a>. Sebagian perubahan bunyi ini berlaku pada seluruh ragam bahasa Inggris, sementara sebagian yang lain hanya berlaku pada beberapa ragam saja. Ragam-ragam baku bahasa Inggris pada umumnya mengalami <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pergeseran_Vokal_Besar&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Pergeseran Vokal Besar (halaman belum tersedia)">Pergeseran Vokal Besar</a> (Great Vowel Shift) yang memengaruhi pengucapan vokal-vokal panjang, walaupun terdapat perbedaan dalam bunyi vokal yang dihasilkan oleh pergeseran ini pada sebagian kecil dialek. Di Amerika Utara, beberapa pergeseran berantai (pergeseran bunyi yang memicu pergeseran lainnya) seperti <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pergeseran_Vokal_Kota-Kota_Utara&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Pergeseran Vokal Kota-Kota Utara (halaman belum tersedia)">Pergeseran Vokal Kota-Kota Utara</a> (Northern Cities Vowel Shift) dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pergeseran_Kanada&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Pergeseran Kanada (halaman belum tersedia)">Pergeseran Kanada</a> (Canadian Shift) menghasilkan bentang vokal yang amat khas pada sebagian logat daerah.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTELass199290,118,610Lass200080,656-83">[83]</a> Beberapa dialek memiliki bunyi konsonan fonemis dan fonetis yang lebih banyak atau lebih sedikit dari jumlah bunyi dalam ragam-ragam baku. Sebagian ragam konservatif seperti bahasa Inggris Skotlandia menggunakan bunyi <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suara_(fonetik)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suara (fonetik)">nirsuara</a> [<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_Voiceless_labialized_velar_approximant&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Konsonan Voiceless labialized velar approximant (halaman belum tersedia)">ʍ</a>] dalam kata whine 'mengeluh', kontras dengan bunyi [w] dalam kata wine '(minuman) anggur' yang menggunakan getaran pita suara. Sementara itu, kebanyakan dialek lainnya menggunakan [w] dalam kedua kondisi; ciri ini disebut juga sebagai <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Merger_konsonan_wine%E2%80%93whine_merger&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Merger konsonan wine–whine merger (halaman belum tersedia)">merger konsonan wine–whine</a>. Bunyi frikatif velar nirsuara /x/ dapat ditemukan dalam bahasa Inggris Skotlandia, yang membedakan antara pengucapan kata loch /lɔx/ 'danau' dengan kata lock /lɔk/ 'mengunci, gembok'. Logat seperti <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Cockney&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Cockney (halaman belum tersedia)">Cockney</a> yang mengalami fenomena "penghapusan h" (h-dropping) tidak memiliki bunyi frikatif glotal /h/, dan logat yang mengalami "penghentian th" (th-stopping) dan "pengedepanan th" (th-fronting) seperti <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Inggris_Afrika-Amerika&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bahasa Inggris Afrika-Amerika (halaman belum tersedia)">dialek Afrika-Amerika</a> dan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Inggris_Estuari&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Inggris Estuari (halaman belum tersedia)">Inggris Estuari</a> tidak memiliki frikatif dental /θ, ð/, tetapi menggantinya dengan hentian dental/alveolar /t, d/ atau frikatif labiodental /f, v/.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoach200953-84">[84]</a><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGiegerich199236-85">[85]</a> Perubahan lain yang memengaruhi fonologi ragam-ragam tempatan di antaranya adalah penghapusan yod (penghapusan bunyi /j/ dalam beberapa kondisi), peleburan yod (peleburan bunyi /j/ yang membentuk kluster dengan konsonan lain menjadi bunyi sibilan), dan pemupusan kluster konsonan.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-86">[86]</a> Dialek GA dan RP berbeda dalam hal pengucapan bunyi historis /r/ yang menutup vokal di akhir suku kata. Dialek GA merupakan <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Logat_rhotis_dan_non-rhotis&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Logat rhotis dan non-rhotis (halaman belum tersedia)">ragam rhotis</a>, yaitu ragam bahasa Inggris yang merealisasikan bunyi /r/ di akhir suku kata, sementara dialek RP yang bersifat non-rhotis menghilangkan bunyi /r/ di posisi tersebut. Dialek-dialek bahasa Inggris dapat digolongkan sebagai ragam rhotis dan non-rhotis tergantung apakah dialek tersebut menghilangkan bunyi /r/ seperti dialek RP atau melestarikan bunyi tersebut seperti dialek GA.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTELass2000114-87">[87]</a> Terdapat perbedaan dialektal yang kompleks dalam kosakata yang memiliki bunyi vokal terbuka depan dan vokal terbuka belakang /æ ɑː ɒ ɔː/. Keempat bunyi vokal ini hanya dibedakan dalam dialek RP, Australia, Selandia Baru, dan Afrika Selatan. Dalam dialek GA, vokal-vokal ini melebur menjadi /æ ɑ ɔ/,<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWells1982xviii%E2%80%93xix-88">[88]</a> sementara dalam dialek Kanada, kesemuanya melebur menjadi dua bunyi saja: /æ ɑ/.<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWells1982493-89">[89]</a> Selain itu, kosakata yang mengandung vokal-vokal tersebut dapat berbeda-beda tergantung dialeknya. Tabel "Vokal terbuka dalam beberapa dialek" menunjukkan keragaman ini dalam beberapa kosakata yang mengandung bunyi-bunyi vokal tersebut. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <h2 id="Sistem_penulisan">Sistem penulisan</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Artikel utama: <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alfabet_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alfabet Inggris">Alfabet Inggris</a> </div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th>Huruf besar</th> <th>Huruf kecil</th> <th><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></th> <th>Huruf besar</th> <th>Huruf kecil</th> <th><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td>A</td> <td>a</td> <td>/eɪ/</td> <td>N</td> <td>n</td> <td>/ɛn/</td> </tr> <tr> <td>B</td> <td>b</td> <td>/biː/</td> <td>O</td> <td>o</td> <td>/eoʊ/</td> </tr> <tr> <td>C</td> <td>c</td> <td>/siː/</td> <td>P</td> <td>p</td> <td>/piː/</td> </tr> <tr> <td>D</td> <td>d</td> <td>/diː/</td> <td>Q</td> <td>q</td> <td>/kjuː/</td> </tr> <tr> <td>E</td> <td>e</td> <td>/iː/</td> <td>R</td> <td>r</td> <td>/ɑr/</td> </tr> <tr> <td>F</td> <td>f</td> <td>/ɛf/</td> <td>S</td> <td>s</td> <td>/ɛs/</td> </tr> <tr> <td>G</td> <td>g</td> <td>/dʒiː/</td> <td>T</td> <td>t</td> <td>/tiː/</td> </tr> <tr> <td>H</td> <td>h</td> <td>/eɪtʃ/</td> <td>U</td> <td>u</td> <td>/juː/</td> </tr> <tr> <td>I</td> <td>i</td> <td>/aɪ/</td> <td>V</td> <td>v</td> <td>/viː/</td> </tr> <tr> <td>J</td> <td>j</td> <td>/dʒeɪ/</td> <td>W</td> <td>w</td> <td>/ˈdʌbəljuː/</td> </tr> <tr> <td>K</td> <td>k</td> <td>/keɪ/</td> <td>X</td> <td>x</td> <td>/ɛks/</td> </tr> <tr> <td>L</td> <td>l</td> <td>/ɛl/</td> <td>Y</td> <td>y</td> <td>/waɪ/</td> </tr> <tr> <td>M</td> <td>m</td> <td>/ɛm/</td> <td>Z</td> <td>z</td> <td>/ziː/</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <h2 id="Tata_bahasa">Tata bahasa</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tata_bahasa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tata bahasa">Tata bahasa</a> Inggris memiliki variasi dalam struktur dan penggunaannya, itu tergantung tradisi yang digunakan oleh suatu negara yang dipengaruhi oleh bahasa asli dari negara tersebut. Secara umum, tata bahasa yang dipedomani adalah tata bahasa Inggris Amerika (American English) dan Inggris Britania Raya (British English). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Sistem_kala">Sistem kala</h3> </div> Bahasa Inggris umumnya dikenal memiliki empat bentuk <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kala_(linguistik)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kala (linguistik)">kala</a> yakni: <ul> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kala_lampau?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kala lampau">Kala lampau</a> (Past tense)</li> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kala_kini?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kala kini">Kala kini</a> (Present tense)</li> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kala_mendatang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kala mendatang">Kala mendatang</a> (Future tense)</li> <li>Kala mendatang di masa lampau (Past future tense)</li> </ul> Namun, kala yang sejati dalam bahasa Inggris hanya kala lampau dan kala kini (taklampau) karena dua kala lainnya hanya berupa kata dasar ditambah verba bantu. Untuk menunjukkan perbedaan aspek gramatikal lebih lanjut, masing-masing kala memiliki "empat bagian" yakni: <ul> <li>Simple (umumnya menunjukkan aspek habitual, frekuentatif, atau momentan tergantung adverbia yang ada)</li> <li>Continuous/Progressive (aspek kontinuatif atau progresif)</li> <li>Perfect (aspek perfektif)</li> <li>Perfect Continuous/Progressive (aspek imperfektif)</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Rumus_sistem_kala">Rumus sistem kala</h4> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="Kalimat_positif/Kalimat_aktif">Kalimat positif/Kalimat aktif</h5> </div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody> <tr> <th></th> <th>Past</th> <th>Present</th> <th>Future</th> <th>Past Future</th> </tr> <tr> <td>Simple</td> <td>S + KK2 + O</td> <td>S + KK1 + O</td> <td>S + Will + KK1 + O</td> <td>S + Would + KK1 + O</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Continuous</td> <td>S + Was/Were + KK-ing + O</td> <td>S + Am/Are/Is + KK-ing + O</td> <td>S + Will + Be + KK-ing + O</td> <td>S + Would + Be + KK-ing + O</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Perfect</td> <td>S + Had + KK3 + O</td> <td>S + Have/Has + KK3 + O</td> <td>S + Will + Have + KK3 + O</td> <td>S + Would + Have + KK3 + O</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Perfect Continuous</td> <td>S + Had + Been + KK-ing + O</td> <td>S + Have/Has + Been + KK-ing + O</td> <td>S + Will + Have + Been + KK-ing + O</td> <td>S + Would + Have + Been + KK-ing + O</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <ul> <li>Ket: <dl> <dd> Subjek adalah pelaku dan objek adalah penderita. </dd> <dd> untuk KK1, kata ganti orang ketiga harus ditambah s/es </dd> </dl></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="Kalimat_negatif">Kalimat negatif</h5> </div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody> <tr> <th></th> <th>Past</th> <th>Present</th> <th>Future</th> <th>Past Future</th> </tr> <tr> <td>Simple</td> <td>S + Did + Not + KK1 + O</td> <td>S + Do/Does + Not + KK1 + O</td> <td>S + Will + Not + KK1 + O</td> <td>S + Would + Not + KK1 + O</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Continuous</td> <td>S + Was/Were + Not + KK-ing + O</td> <td>S + Am/Are/Is + Not + KK-ing + O</td> <td>S + Will + Not + Be + KK-ing + O</td> <td>S + Would + Not + Be + KK-ing + O</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Perfect</td> <td>S + Had + Not + KK3 + O</td> <td>S + Have/Has + Not + KK3 + O</td> <td>S + Will + Not + Have + KK3 + O</td> <td>S + Would + Not + Have + KK3 + O</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Perfect Continuous</td> <td>S + Had Not + Been + KK-ing + O</td> <td>S + Have/Has + Not + Been + KK-ing + O</td> <td>S + Will + Not + Have + Been + KK-ing + O</td> <td>S + Would + Not + Have + Been + KK-ing + O</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <ul> <li>Ket: Subjek adalah pelaku dan objek adalah penderita.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="Kalimat_pasif">Kalimat pasif</h5> </div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody> <tr> <th></th> <th>Past</th> <th>Present</th> <th>Future</th> <th>Past Future</th> </tr> <tr> <td>Simple</td> <td>S + Was/Were + KK3 + By + O</td> <td>S + Am/Are/Is + KK3 + By + O</td> <td>S + Will + Be + KK3 + By + O</td> <td>S + Would + Be + KK3 + By + O</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Continuous</td> <td>S + Was/Were + Being + KK3 + By + O</td> <td>S + Am/Are/Is + Being + KK3 + By + O</td> <td>S + Will + Be + Being + KK3 + By + O</td> <td>S + Would + Be + Being + KK3 + O</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Perfect</td> <td>S + Had + Been + KK3 + By + O</td> <td>S + Have/Has + Been + KK3 + O</td> <td>S + Will + Have + Been + KK3 + O</td> <td>S + Would + Have + Been + KK3 + O</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Perfect Continuous</td> <td>S + Had + Been + Being + KK3 + By + O</td> <td>S + Have/Has + Been + Being + KK3 + By + O</td> <td>S + Will + Have + Been + Being + KK3 + By + O</td> <td>S + Would + Have + Been + Being + KK3 + By + O</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <ul> <li>Ket: Subjek adalah penderita dan objek adalah pelaku.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <h2 id="Kata_ganti">Kata ganti</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Orang">Orang</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Artikel utama: <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kata_ganti_orang?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kata ganti orang">Kata ganti orang</a> </div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption> Kata ganti orang Inggris<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Borjars-90">[90]</a>:52 </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th rowspan="2">Orang</th> <th rowspan="2">Nomor</th> <th colspan="2">Kasus</th> </tr> <tr> <th>Subjek</th> <th>Objek</th> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Pertama</td> <td>Tunggal</td> <td>I</td> <td>me</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jamak</td> <td>we</td> <td>us</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Kedua</td> <td>Tunggal</td> <td>you</td> <td>you</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jamak</td> <td>you</td> <td>you</td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Ketiga</td> <td>Tunggal</td> <td>he, she, it</td> <td>him, her, it</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Jamak</td> <td>they</td> <td>them</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Refleksi">Refleksi</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Artikel utama: <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kata_ganti_refleksi&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kata ganti refleksi (halaman belum tersedia)">Kata ganti refleksi</a> </div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption> Kata ganti refleksi Inggris<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Borjars-90">[90]</a>:52 </caption> <tbody> <tr> <td>I</td> <td>myself</td> </tr> <tr> <td>you</td> <td>yourself</td> </tr> <tr> <td>we</td> <td>ourselves</td> </tr> <tr> <td>they</td> <td>themselves</td> </tr> <tr> <td>you (jamak)</td> <td>yourselves</td> </tr> <tr> <td>he, she, it</td> <td>himself, herself, itself</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Pemilik">Pemilik</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Artikel utama: <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kata_ganti_pemilik&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kata ganti pemilik (halaman belum tersedia)">Kata ganti pemilik</a> </div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption> Kata ganti pemilik dalam bahasa Inggris<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Borjars-90">[90]</a>:52 </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th>Subjek</th> <th>Kata sifat</th> <th>Kata ganti</th> </tr> <tr> <td>I</td> <td>my</td> <td>mine</td> </tr> <tr> <td>you</td> <td>your</td> <td>yours</td> </tr> <tr> <td>we</td> <td>our</td> <td>ours</td> </tr> <tr> <td>they</td> <td>their</td> <td>theirs</td> </tr> <tr> <td>he, she, it</td> <td>his, her, its</td> <td>his, hers, its</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Penanya">Penanya</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Artikel utama: <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kata_ganti_penanya&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kata ganti penanya (halaman belum tersedia)">Kata ganti penanya</a> </div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption> Kata ganti penanya Inggris<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Borjars-90">[90]</a>:52 </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th>Inggris</th> <th>Indonesia</th> </tr> <tr> <td>how</td> <td>bagaimana</td> </tr> <tr> <td>who</td> <td>siapa</td> </tr> <tr> <td>what</td> <td>apa</td> </tr> <tr> <td>when</td> <td>kapan</td> </tr> <tr> <td>why</td> <td>mengapa</td> </tr> <tr> <td>where</td> <td>di mana, ke mana, mana</td> </tr> <tr> <td>which</td> <td>yang mana</td> </tr> <tr> <td>whose</td> <td>milik siapa</td> </tr> <tr> <td>whom</td> <td>oleh siapa</td> </tr> <tr> <td>how many</td> <td>berapa (untuk benda dapat dihitung)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>how much</td> <td>berapa (untuk benda tidak dapat dihitung)</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Penunjuk">Penunjuk</h3> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Artikel utama: <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kata_ganti_penunjuk&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kata ganti penunjuk (halaman belum tersedia)">Kata ganti penunjuk</a> </div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption> Kata ganti penunjuk Inggris<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Borjars-90">[90]</a>:52 </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th>Inggris</th> <th>Indonesia</th> </tr> <tr> <td>this, these</td> <td>ini</td> </tr> <tr> <td>that, those</td> <td>itu</td> </tr> <tr> <td>this one</td> <td>yang ini</td> </tr> <tr> <td>that one</td> <td>yang itu</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"> <h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li 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Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/endangered-languages/atlas-of-languages-in-danger/">versi asli</a> tanggal 29 April 2022. Diakses tanggal 26 Juni 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UNESCO+Interactive+Atlas+of+the+World%27s+Languages+in+Danger&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org%2Fnew%2Fen%2Fculture%2Fthemes%2Fendangered-languages%2Fatlas-of-languages-in-danger%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531155026/http://www.unesco.org/tools/fileretrieve/43fdd320.pdf">"UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger"</a> (PDF) (dalam bahasa Inggris). <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/UNESCO?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>. 2010. 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Diakses tanggal 21-09-2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Across+cultures%2C+English+is+the+word&rft.chron=14-05-2007&rft.aulast=Mydans&rft.aufirst=Seth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F05%2F14%2Fworld%2Fasia%2F14iht-14englede.5705671.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988">  Periksa nilai tanggal di: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=, |date=</code> (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#bad_date" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmmon20062245-2247-9"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmmon20062245-2247_9-0">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFAmmon2006">Ammon 2006</a>, hlm. 2245-2247.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchneider20071-10"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchneider20071_10-0">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFSchneider2007">Schneider 2007</a>, hlm. 1.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMazruiMazrui199821-11"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMazruiMazrui199821_11-0">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFMazruiMazrui1998">Mazrui & Mazrui 1998</a>, hlm. 21.</li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-12">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Fakultas Adab dan Humaniora UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung; Kustanti, Dewi; Prihmayadi, Yadi (2017-06-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://journal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/jat/article/view/1798/1197">"PROBLEMATIKA BUDAYA BERBICARA BAHASA INGGRIS"</a>. 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Diakses tanggal 2023-01-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al-Tsaqafa%3A+Jurnal+Ilmiah+Peradaban+Islam&rft.atitle=PROBLEMATIKA+BUDAYA+BERBICARA+BAHASA+INGGRIS&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=161-174&rft.date=2017-06-20&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.15575%2Fal-tsaqafa.v14i1.1798&rft.issn=0216-5937&rft.au=Fakultas+Adab+dan+Humaniora+UIN+Sunan+Gunung+Djati+Bandung&rft.au=Kustanti%2C+Dewi&rft.au=Prihmayadi%2C+Yadi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournal.uinsgd.ac.id%2Findex.php%2Fjat%2Farticle%2Fview%2F1798%2F1197&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-13">^</a> Hjarvard, Stig (2004) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080908064103/http://www.nordicom.gu.se/common/publ_pdf/157_075-098.pdf">"The globalization of language: How the media contribute to the spread of English and the emergence of medialects"</a> Trans. 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Retrieved 30 December 2014.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrystal2003a6-14"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrystal2003a6_14-0">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFCrystal2003a">Crystal 2003a</a>, hlm. 6.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWardhaugh201055-15"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWardhaugh201055_15-0">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFWardhaugh2010">Wardhaugh 2010</a>, hlm. 55.</li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-16">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/English">"English – Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary"</a>. Merriam-webster.com. 25 April 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150325140932/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/english">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2015-03-25. Diakses tanggal 4 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=English+%E2%80%93+Definition+and+More+from+the+Free+Merriam-Webster+Dictionary&rft.pub=Merriam-webster.com&rft.date=2007-04-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FEnglish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-17">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid%3Dab13">"Words on the brain: from 1 million years ago?"</a>. History of language. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928225527/http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/plaintexthistories.asp?historyid%3Dab13">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2013-09-28. Diakses tanggal 5 September 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History+of+language&rft.atitle=Words+on+the+brain%3A+from+1+million+years+ago%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyworld.net%2Fwrldhis%2FPlainTextHistories.asp%3Fhistoryid%3Dab13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-18">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Baugh, Albert C. and Cable, Thomas (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20101127073603/http://orbilat.com/Influences_of_Romance/English/RIFL-English-Latin-The_Inflluences_on_Old_English.html">"Latin Influences on Old English"</a>. An excerpt from Foreign Influences on Old English. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.orbilat.com/Influences_of_Romance/English/RIFL-English-Latin-The_Inflluences_on_Old_English.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 2010-11-27. Diakses tanggal 5 September 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=An+excerpt+from+Foreign+Influences+on+Old+English&rft.atitle=Latin+Influences+on+Old+English&rft.date=1978&rft.au=Baugh%2C+Albert+C.+and+Cable%2C+Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orbilat.com%2FInfluences_of_Romance%2FEnglish%2FRIFL-English-Latin-The_Inflluences_on_Old_English.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Weissbort-19">^ <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Weissbort_19-0">a</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Weissbort_19-1">b</a> Daniel Weissbort (2006). "Translation: theory and practice: a historical reader". p.100. Oxford University Press, 2006</li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-20">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20111130011051/http://oxforddictionaries.com/page/howmanywords">"How many words are there in the English Language?"</a>. Oxford Dictionaries (dalam bahasa bahasa Inggris). Oxford University Press. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/page/howmanywords">versi asli</a> tanggal 2011-11-30. Diakses tanggal 19-02-2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Dictionaries&rft.atitle=How+many+words+are+there+in+the+English+Language%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddictionaries.com%2Fpage%2Fhowmanywords&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988">  Periksa nilai tanggal di: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code> (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#bad_date" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-21">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.vistawide.com/languages/language_statistics.htm">"Vista Worldwide Language Statistics"</a> (dalam bahasa bahasa Inggris). Vistawide.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20161120144244/http://www.vistawide.com/languages/language_statistics.htm">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2016-11-20. Diakses tanggal 31-10-2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vista+Worldwide+Language+Statistics&rft.pub=Vistawide.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vistawide.com%2Flanguages%2Flanguage_statistics.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988">  Periksa nilai tanggal di: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code> (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#bad_date" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-22">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Harper, Douglas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term%3Denglish">"english"</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Online_Etymology_Dictionary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Online Etymology Dictionary">Online Etymology Dictionary</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Online+Etymology+Dictionary&rft.atitle=english&rft.au=Harper%2C+Douglas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etymonline.com%2Findex.php%3Fterm%3Denglish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-23">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Smith, Ross (2005). "Global English: gift or curse?". English Today. 21 (2): 56. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1017%252FS0266078405002075">10.1017/S0266078405002075</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=English+Today&rft.atitle=Global+English%3A+gift+or+curse%3F&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=56&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0266078405002075&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Ross&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Graddol-24">^ <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Graddol_24-0">a</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Graddol_24-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=David_Graddol&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="David Graddol (halaman belum tersedia)">David Graddol</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628012917/http://www.britishcouncil.org/de/learning-elt-future.pdf">"The Future of English?"</a> (PDF). The British Council. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.britishcouncil.org/de/learning-elt-future.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 2014-06-28. Diakses tanggal 15-04-2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Future+of+English%3F&rft.pub=The+British+Council&rft.date=1997&rft.au=David+Graddol&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishcouncil.org%2Fde%2Flearning-elt-future.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988">  Periksa nilai tanggal di: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code> (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#bad_date" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-25">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003233938/http://www.imo.org/OurWork/Safety/Navigation/Pages/StandardMarineCommunicationPhrases.aspx">"IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases"</a>. International Maritime Organization. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.imo.org/OurWork/Safety/Navigation/Pages/StandardMarineCommunicationPhrases.aspx">versi asli</a> tanggal 2011-10-03. Diakses tanggal 18-02-2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IMO+Standard+Marine+Communication+Phrases&rft.pub=International+Maritime+Organization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imo.org%2FOurWork%2FSafety%2FNavigation%2FPages%2FStandardMarineCommunicationPhrases.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988">  Periksa nilai tanggal di: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code> (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#bad_date" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-26">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.icao.int/icao/en/trivia/peltrgFAQ.htm%2323">"FAQ – Language proficiency requirements for licence holders – In which languages does a licence holder need to demonstrate proficiency?"</a>. International Civil Aviation Organization – Air Navigation Bureau. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20090220142943/http://icao.int/icao/en/trivia/peltrgFAQ.htm%2323">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2009-02-20. Diakses tanggal 02-06-2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FAQ+%E2%80%93+Language+proficiency+requirements+for+licence+holders+%E2%80%93+In+which+languages+does+a+licence+holder+need+to+demonstrate+proficiency%3F&rft.pub=International+Civil+Aviation+Organization+%E2%80%93+Air+Navigation+Bureau&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icao.int%2Ficao%2Fen%2Ftrivia%2FpeltrgFAQ.htm%2323&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988">  Periksa nilai tanggal di: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code> (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#bad_date" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-triumph-27"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-triumph_27-0">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.economist.com/world/europe/displayStory.cfm?Story_ID%3D883997">"The triumph of English"</a>. The Economist. 20-12-2001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326145147/http://www.economist.com/world/europe/displayStory.cfm?Story_ID%3D883997">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2017-03-26. Diakses tanggal 26-03-2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+triumph+of+English&rft.chron=20-12-2001&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2FdisplayStory.cfm%3FStory_ID%3D883997&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988">  Periksa nilai tanggal di: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=, |date=</code> (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#bad_date" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)(perlu berlangganan)</li> <li id="cite_note-wwenglish-28"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-wwenglish_28-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070401233529/http://www.ehistling-pub.meotod.de/01_lec06.php">"Lecture 7: World-Wide English"</a>. EHistLing. Archived from the original on 2007-04-01. Diakses tanggal 26-03-2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lecture+7%3A+World-Wide+English&rft.pub=%3Csub%3EE%3C%2Fsub%3EHistLing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ehistling-pub.meotod.de%2F01_lec06.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988">  Periksa nilai tanggal di: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code> (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#bad_date" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)Pemeliharaan CS1: Url tak layak (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Url_tak_layak?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Url tak layak">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-29">^</a> Graphics: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140617193031/http://www.idsia.ch/~juergen/scilang.html">English replacing German as language of Science Nobel Prize winners</a>. From <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=J%C3%BCrgen_Schmidhuber&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Jürgen Schmidhuber (halaman belum tersedia)">J. Schmidhuber</a> (2010), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327012415/http://www.idsia.ch/~juergen/nobelshare.html">Evolution of National Nobel Prize Shares in the 20th Century</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140102222720/http://www.idsia.ch/~juergen/sci.html">arXiv:1009.2634v1</a></li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-30">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.un.org/en/aboutun/languages.shtml">"UN official languages"</a>. Un.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110826011927/http://www.un.org/en/aboutun/languages.shtml">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2011-08-26. Diakses tanggal 20-04-2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UN+official+languages&rft.pub=Un.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fen%2Faboutun%2Flanguages.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988">  Periksa nilai tanggal di: <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|accessdate=</code> (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#bad_date" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-Crystal-LanguageDeath-31"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Crystal-LanguageDeath_31-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=David_Crystal&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="David Crystal (halaman belum tersedia)">Crystal, David</a> (2002). Language Death. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.2277%252F0521012716">10.2277/0521012716</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-521-01271-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-521-01271-6">0-521-01271-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language+Death&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2277%2F0521012716&rft.isbn=0-521-01271-6&rft.aulast=Crystal&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cheshire-32"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Cheshire_32-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jenny_Cheshire&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Jenny Cheshire (halaman belum tersedia)">Cheshire, Jenny</a> (1991). English Around The World: Sociolinguistic Perspectives. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.2277%252F0521395658">10.2277/0521395658</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-521-39565-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-521-39565-8">0-521-39565-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+Around+The+World%3A+Sociolinguistic+Perspectives&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2277%2F0521395658&rft.isbn=0-521-39565-8&rft.aulast=Cheshire&rft.aufirst=Jenny&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBammesberger199229–30-33"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBammesberger199229%E2%80%9330_33-0">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFBammesberger1992">Bammesberger 1992</a>, hlm. 29–30.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBammesberger199230-34"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBammesberger199230_34-0">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFBammesberger1992">Bammesberger 1992</a>, hlm. 30.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERobinson1992-35"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERobinson1992_35-0">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFRobinson1992">Robinson 1992</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERomaine198256–65-36"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERomaine198256%E2%80%9365_36-0">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFRomaine1982">Romaine 1982</a>, hlm. 56–65.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarry198286–87-37"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarry198286%E2%80%9387_37-0">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFBarry1982">Barry 1982</a>, hlm. 86–87.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarbert2007-38"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarbert2007_38-0">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFHarbert2007">Harbert 2007</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThomasonKaufman1988264–265-39"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThomasonKaufman1988264%E2%80%93265_39-0">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFThomasonKaufman1988">Thomason & Kaufman 1988</a>, hlm. 264–265.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatts2011Chapter_4-40"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatts2011Chapter_4_40-0">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFWatts2011">Watts 2011</a>, Chapter 4.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDurrell2006-41"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDurrell2006_41-0">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFDurrell2006">Durrell 2006</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKönigvan_der_Auwera1994-42"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEK%C3%B6nigvan_der_Auwera1994_42-0">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFK%C3%B6nigvan_der_Auwera1994">König & van der Auwera 1994</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-43">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Blench, R.; Spriggs, Matthew (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.com/?id%3DDWMHhfXxLaIC%26pg%3DPA286">Archaeology and Language: Correlating Archaeological and Linguistic Hypotheses</a>. Routledge. hlm. 285–286. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-415-11761-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-415-11761-6">978-0-415-11761-6</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416141846/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DDWMHhfXxLaIC%26pg%3DPA286%26hl%3Den">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-04-16. Diakses tanggal 2014-01-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Archaeology+and+Language%3A+Correlating+Archaeological+and+Linguistic+Hypotheses&rft.pages=285-286&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-415-11761-6&rft.aulast=Blench&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=Spriggs%2C+Matthew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DDWMHhfXxLaIC%26pg%3DPA286&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-44">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209095822/http://information-britain.co.uk/historydetails/article/2/">"The Roman epoch in Britain lasted for 367 years"</a>, Information Britain website</li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-45">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20020604161756/http://www.anglik.net/englishlanguagehistory.htm">"Anglik English language resource"</a>. Anglik.net. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.anglik.net/englishlanguagehistory.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 2002-06-04. Diakses tanggal 21 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anglik+English+language+resource&rft.pub=Anglik.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anglik.net%2Fenglishlanguagehistory.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-46">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ccel.org/ccel/bede/history.v.i.xiv.html">"Bede's Ecclesiastical History of England | Christian Classics Ethereal Library"</a>. Ccel.org. 1 June 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308011702/http://www.ccel.org/ccel/bede/history.v.i.xiv.html">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2019-03-08. Diakses tanggal 2 January 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bede%27s+Ecclesiastical+History+of+England+%26%23124%3B+Christian+Classics+Ethereal+Library&rft.pub=Ccel.org&rft.date=2005-06-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccel.org%2Fccel%2Fbede%2Fhistory.v.i.xiv.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-47">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Bosworth&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Joseph Bosworth (halaman belum tersedia)">Bosworth, Joseph</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://bosworth.ff.cuni.cz/009427">"Engla land"</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=An_Anglo-Saxon_Dictionary&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (halaman belum tersedia)">An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary</a> (Online). Prague: <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Charles_University&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Charles University (halaman belum tersedia)">Charles University</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221212612/http://bosworth.ff.cuni.cz/009427">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2012-12-21. Diakses tanggal 2014-01-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=An+Anglo-Saxon+Dictionary+%28Online%29&rft.atitle=Engla+land&rft.au=Bosworth%2C+Joseph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbosworth.ff.cuni.cz%2F009427&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|coauthors=</code> yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|author=</code> yang disarankan) (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-48">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Bosworth&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Joseph Bosworth (halaman belum tersedia)">Bosworth, Joseph</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://bosworth.ff.cuni.cz/009433">"Englisc"</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=An_Anglo-Saxon_Dictionary&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (halaman belum tersedia)">An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary</a> (Online). Prague: <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Charles_University&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Charles University (halaman belum tersedia)">Charles University</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221212844/http://bosworth.ff.cuni.cz/009433">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2012-12-21. Diakses tanggal 2014-01-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=An+Anglo-Saxon+Dictionary+%28Online%29&rft.atitle=Englisc&rft.au=Bosworth%2C+Joseph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbosworth.ff.cuni.cz%2F009433&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|coauthors=</code> yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|author=</code> yang disarankan) (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-49">^</a> <cite class="citation book"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R._G._Collingwood?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="R. G. Collingwood">Collingwood, R. G.</a> (1936). "The English Settlements. The Sources for the period: Angles, Saxons, and Jutes on the Continent". Roman Britain and English Settlements. Oxford, England: Clarendon. hlm. 325 et sec. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-8196-1160-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-8196-1160-3">0-8196-1160-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+English+Settlements.+The+Sources+for+the+period%3A+Angles%2C+Saxons%2C+and+Jutes+on+the+Continent&rft.btitle=Roman+Britain+and+English+Settlements&rft.place=Oxford%2C+England&rft.pages=325+et-sec&rft.pub=Clarendon&rft.date=1936&rft.isbn=0-8196-1160-3&rft.aulast=Collingwood&rft.aufirst=R.+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|coauthors=</code> yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|author=</code> yang disarankan) (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-50">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160220085927/http://www.utexas.edu/cola/centers/lrc/eieol/engol-0-X.html">"Linguistics Research Center Texas University"</a>. Utexas.edu. 20 February 2009. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.utexas.edu/cola/centers/lrc/eieol/engol-0-X.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 2016-02-20. Diakses tanggal 21 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Linguistics+Research+Center+Texas+University&rft.pub=Utexas.edu&rft.date=2009-02-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.utexas.edu%2Fcola%2Fcenters%2Flrc%2Feieol%2Fengol-0-X.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-51">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812103150/http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/firsteuro/invas.html">"The Germanic Invasions of Western Europe, Calgary University"</a>. Ucalgary.ca. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/firsteuro/invas.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 2013-08-12. Diakses tanggal 21 April 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Germanic+Invasions+of+Western+Europe%2C+Calgary+University&rft.pub=Ucalgary.ca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucalgary.ca%2Fapplied_history%2Ftutor%2Ffirsteuro%2Finvas.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-52">^</a> Graddol, David; Leith, Dick and Swann, Joan (1996) English: History, Diversity and Change, New York: Routledge, p. 101, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0415131189?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-415-13118-9</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-53">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fausto_Cercignani?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fausto Cercignani">Cercignani, Fausto</a> (1981) Shakespeare's Works and Elizabethan Pronunciation, Oxford, Clarendon Press.</li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-54">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Baugh">Baugh</a>, p. 336.</li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-55">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/11/which-countries-are-best-at-english-as-a-second-language-4d24c8c8-6cf6-4067-a753-4c82b4bc865b">"Which countries are best at English as a second language?"</a>. World Economic Forum. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20161125144549/https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/11/which-countries-are-best-at-english-as-a-second-language-4d24c8c8-6cf6-4067-a753-4c82b4bc865b/">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2016-11-25. Diakses tanggal 29 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Economic+Forum&rft.atitle=Which+countries+are+best+at+English+as+a+second+language%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weforum.org%2Fagenda%2F2016%2F11%2Fwhich-countries-are-best-at-english-as-a-second-language-4d24c8c8-6cf6-4067-a753-4c82b4bc865b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECrystal2003b106-56"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECrystal2003b106_56-0">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFCrystal2003b">Crystal 2003b</a>, hlm. 106.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESvartvikLeech20062-57">^ <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESvartvikLeech20062_57-0">a</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESvartvikLeech20062_57-1">b</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFSvartvikLeech2006">Svartvik & Leech 2006</a>, hlm. 2.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKachru2006196-58"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKachru2006196_58-0">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFKachru2006">Kachru 2006</a>, hlm. 196.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWolfram2006334–335-59"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWolfram2006334%E2%80%93335_59-0">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFWolfram2006">Wolfram 2006</a>, hlm. 334–335.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECarrHoneybone2007-60"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECarrHoneybone2007_60-0">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFCarrHoneybone2007">Carr & Honeybone 2007</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBermúdez-OteroMcMahon2006-61"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerm%C3%BAdez-OteroMcMahon2006_61-0">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFBerm%C3%BAdez-OteroMcMahon2006">Bermúdez-Otero & McMahon 2006</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacMahon2006-62"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacMahon2006_62-0">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFMacMahon2006">MacMahon 2006</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEInternational_Phonetic_Association199941–42-63"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEInternational_Phonetic_Association199941%E2%80%9342_63-0">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFInternational_Phonetic_Association1999">International Phonetic 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href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFBrintonBrinton2010">Brinton & Brinton 2010</a>, hlm. 56–59.</li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-69">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Wells, John C. (8 February 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/ipa-english-uni.htm">"IPA transcription systems for English"</a>. University College London. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919182345/https://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/ipa-english-uni.htm">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2018-09-19. Diakses tanggal 2021-09-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IPA+transcription+systems+for+English&rft.pub=University+College+London&rft.date=2001-02-08&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.phon.ucl.ac.uk%2Fhome%2Fwells%2Fipa-english-uni.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECollinsMees200346–50-70"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollinsMees200346%E2%80%9350_70-0">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFCollinsMees2003">Collins & Mees 2003</a>, hlm. 46–50.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECruttenden2014138-71"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECruttenden2014138_71-0">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFCruttenden2014">Cruttenden 2014</a>, hlm. 138.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFlemmingJohnson2007-72"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFlemmingJohnson2007_72-0">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFFlemmingJohnson2007">Flemming & Johnson 2007</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWells1982167-73"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWells1982167_73-0">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFWells1982">Wells 1982</a>, hlm. 167.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWells1982121-74"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWells1982121_74-0">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFWells1982">Wells 1982</a>, hlm. 121.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEInternational_Phonetic_Association199942-75"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEInternational_Phonetic_Association199942_75-0">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFInternational_Phonetic_Association1999">International Phonetic Association 1999</a>, hlm. 42.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOxford_Learner's_Dictionary2015Entry_"contract"-76"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOxford_Learner's_Dictionary2015Entry_%22contract%22_76-0">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFOxford_Learner's_Dictionary2015">Oxford Learner's Dictionary 2015</a>, Entry "contract".</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMerriam_Webster2015Entry_"contract"-77"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMerriam_Webster2015Entry_%22contract%22_77-0">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFMerriam_Webster2015">Merriam Webster 2015</a>, Entry "contract".</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMacquarie_Dictionary2015Entry_"contract"-78"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMacquarie_Dictionary2015Entry_%22contract%22_78-0">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFMacquarie_Dictionary2015">Macquarie Dictionary 2015</a>, Entry "contract".</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrintonBrinton201066-79"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrintonBrinton201066_79-0">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFBrintonBrinton2010">Brinton & Brinton 2010</a>, hlm. 66.</li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-80">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://esol.britishcouncil.org/content/teachers/staff-room/teaching-articles/sentence-stress">"Sentence stress"</a>. ESOL Nexus. British Council. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20191203092723/https://esol.britishcouncil.org/content/teachers/staff-room/teaching-articles/sentence-stress">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2019-12-03. Diakses tanggal 24 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ESOL+Nexus&rft.atitle=Sentence+stress&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fesol.britishcouncil.org%2Fcontent%2Fteachers%2Fstaff-room%2Fteaching-articles%2Fsentence-stress&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-81">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Lunden, Anya (2017). "Duration, vowel quality, and the rhythmic pattern of English". Laboratory Phonology. 8: 27. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.5334%252Flabphon.37">10.5334/labphon.37</a>  <noscript> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" data-alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> .</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Laboratory+Phonology&rft.atitle=Duration%2C+vowel+quality%2C+and+the+rhythmic+pattern+of+English&rft.volume=8&rft.pages=27&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5334%2Flabphon.37&rft.aulast=Lunden&rft.aufirst=Anya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETrudgillHannah20024–6-82">^ <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrudgillHannah20024%E2%80%936_82-0">a</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrudgillHannah20024%E2%80%936_82-1">b</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFTrudgillHannah2002">Trudgill & Hannah 2002</a>, hlm. 4–6.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELass199290,118,610Lass200080,656-83"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELass199290,118,610Lass200080,656_83-0">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFLass1992">Lass 1992</a>, hlm. 90,118,610; <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFLass2000">Lass 2000</a>, hlm. 80,656.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoach200953-84"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoach200953_84-0">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFRoach2009">Roach 2009</a>, hlm. 53.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGiegerich199236-85"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGiegerich199236_85-0">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFGiegerich1992">Giegerich 1992</a>, hlm. 36.</li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-86">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Wells, John (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/accentsofenglish0000well">Accents of English</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-521-28540-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-521-28540-2">0-521-28540-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Accents+of+English&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=0-521-28540-2&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Faccentsofenglish0000well&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELass2000114-87"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELass2000114_87-0">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFLass2000">Lass 2000</a>, hlm. 114.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWells1982xviii–xix-88"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWells1982xviii%E2%80%93xix_88-0">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFWells1982">Wells 1982</a>, hlm. xviii–xix.</li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWells1982493-89"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWells1982493_89-0">^</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFWells1982">Wells 1982</a>, hlm. 493.</li> <li id="cite_note-Borjars-90">^ <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Borjars_90-0">a</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Borjars_90-1">b</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Borjars_90-2">c</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Borjars_90-3">d</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Borjars_90-4">e</a> Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <code><ref></code> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama <code>Borjars</code></li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"> <h2 id="Daftar_pustaka">Daftar pustaka</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r21093234">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style> <div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul> <li><cite class="citation book">Aarts, Bas; Haegeman, Liliane (2006). "6. English Word classes and Phrases". Dalam Aarts, Bas; McMahon, April. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/handbookofenglis0000unse_s1q0">The Handbook of English Linguistics</a>. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=6.+English+Word+classes+and+Phrases&rft.btitle=The+Handbook+of+English+Linguistics&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing+Ltd&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Aarts&rft.aufirst=Bas&rft.au=Haegeman%2C+Liliane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhandbookofenglis0000unse_s1q0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Abercrombie, D.; Daniels, Peter T. (2006). "Spelling Reform Proposals: English". Dalam Brown, Keith. Encyclopedia of language & linguistics. Elsevier. hlm. 72–75. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1016%252FB0-08-044854-2%252F04878-1">10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/04878-1</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-08-044299-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-08-044299-0">978-0-08-044299-0</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.elsevier.com/books/encyclopedia-of-language-and-linguistics-14-volume-set/brown/978-0-08-044854-1">Ringkasan</a> (6 February 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Spelling+Reform+Proposals%3A+English&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+language+%26+linguistics&rft.pages=72-75&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB0-08-044854-2%2F04878-1&rft.isbn=978-0-08-044299-0&rft.aulast=Abercrombie&rft.aufirst=D.&rft.au=Daniels%2C+Peter+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Templat:Subscription_or_libraries&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Templat:Subscription or libraries (halaman belum tersedia)">Templat:Subscription or libraries</a></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Aitken, A. J.; McArthur, Tom, ed. (1979). Languages of Scotland. Occasional paper – Association for Scottish Literary Studies; no. 4. Edinburgh: Chambers. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-550-20261-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-550-20261-1">978-0-550-20261-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Languages+of+Scotland&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.series=Occasional+paper+%E2%80%93+Association+for+Scottish+Literary+Studies%3B+no.+4&rft.pub=Chambers&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-550-20261-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Alcaraz Ariza, M. Á.; Navarro, F. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542023518">"Medicine: Use of English"</a>. Dalam Brown, Keith. Salinan arsip. Encyclopedia of language & linguistics. Elsevier. hlm. 752–759. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1016%252FB0-08-044854-2%252F02351-8">10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/02351-8</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-08-044299-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-08-044299-0">978-0-08-044299-0</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806025635/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542023518">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2020-08-06. Diakses tanggal 6 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.elsevier.com/books/encyclopedia-of-language-and-linguistics-14-volume-set/brown/978-0-08-044854-1">Ringkasan</a> (6 February 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Salinan+arsip&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+language+%26+linguistics&rft.pages=752-759&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB0-08-044854-2%2F02351-8&rft.isbn=978-0-08-044299-0&rft.aulast=Alcaraz+Ariza&rft.aufirst=M.+%C3%81.&rft.au=Navarro%2C+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB0080448542023518&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Templat:Subscription_or_libraries&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Templat:Subscription or libraries (halaman belum tersedia)">Templat:Subscription or libraries</a></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Algeo, John (1999). "Chapter 2:Vocabulary". Dalam Romaine, Suzanne. Cambridge History of the English Language. IV: 1776–1997. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 57–91. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1017%252FCHOL9780521264778.003">10.1017/CHOL9780521264778.003</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-26477-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-26477-8">978-0-521-26477-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+2%3AVocabulary&rft.btitle=Cambridge+History+of+the+English+Language&rft.pages=57-91&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FCHOL9780521264778.003&rft.isbn=978-0-521-26477-8&rft.aulast=Algeo&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Ammon, Ulrich (2006). "Language Conflicts in the European Union: On finding a politically acceptable and practicable solution for EU institutions that satisfies diverging interests". International Journal of Applied Linguistics. 16 (3): 319–338. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1111%252Fj.1473-4192.2006.00121.x">10.1111/j.1473-4192.2006.00121.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Applied+Linguistics&rft.atitle=Language+Conflicts+in+the+European+Union%3A+On+finding+a+politically+acceptable+and+practicable+solution+for+EU+institutions+that+satisfies+diverging+interests&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=319-338&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1473-4192.2006.00121.x&rft.aulast=Ammon&rft.aufirst=Ulrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</li> <li><cite class="citation book">Ammon, Ulrich (2008). "Pluricentric and Divided Languages". Dalam Ammon, Ulrich N.; Dittmar, Norbert; Mattheier, Klaus J.; et al. Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society / Soziolinguistik Ein internationales Handbuch zur Wissenschaft vov Sprache and Gesellschaft. Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science / Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft 3/2. 2 (edisi ke-2nd completely revised and extended). de Gruyter. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-11-019425-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-11-019425-8">978-3-11-019425-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pluricentric+and+Divided+Languages&rft.btitle=Sociolinguistics%3A+An+International+Handbook+of+the+Science+of+Language+and+Society+%2F+Soziolinguistik+Ein+internationales+Handbuch+zur+Wissenschaft+vov+Sprache+and+Gesellschaft&rft.series=Handbooks+of+Linguistics+and+Communication+Science+%2F+Handb%C3%BCcher+zur+Sprach-+und+Kommunikationswissenschaft+3%2F2&rft.edition=2nd+completely+revised+and+extended&rft.pub=de+Gruyter&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-3-11-019425-8&rft.aulast=Ammon&rft.aufirst=Ulrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Annamalai, E. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542046113">"India: Language Situation"</a>. Dalam Brown, Keith. Salinan arsip. Encyclopedia of language & linguistics. Elsevier. hlm. 610–613. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1016%252FB0-08-044854-2%252F04611-3">10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/04611-3</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-08-044299-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-08-044299-0">978-0-08-044299-0</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204024307/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542046113">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2021-02-04. Diakses tanggal 6 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.elsevier.com/books/encyclopedia-of-language-and-linguistics-14-volume-set/brown/978-0-08-044854-1">Ringkasan</a> (6 February 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Salinan+arsip&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+language+%26+linguistics&rft.pages=610-613&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB0-08-044854-2%2F04611-3&rft.isbn=978-0-08-044299-0&rft.aulast=Annamalai&rft.aufirst=E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB0080448542046113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Templat:Subscription_or_libraries&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Templat:Subscription or libraries (halaman belum tersedia)">Templat:Subscription or libraries</a></li> <li><cite class="citation web">Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20151106221006/http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2011/quickstat/0">"2011 Census QuickStats: Australia"</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2011/quickstat/0">versi asli</a> tanggal 6 November 2015. Diakses tanggal 25 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2011+Census+QuickStats%3A+Australia&rft.date=2013-03-28&rft.au=Australian+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusdata.abs.gov.au%2Fcensus_services%2Fgetproduct%2Fcensus%2F2011%2Fquickstat%2F0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</li> <li><cite class="citation book">Bailey, Guy (2001). "Chapter 3: The relationship between African American and White Vernaculars". Dalam Lanehart, Sonja L. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/socioculturalhis00lane">Sociocultural and historical contexts of African American English <noscript> <img alt="Akses gratis dibatasi (uji coba), biasanya perlu berlangganan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" data-alt="Akses gratis dibatasi (uji coba), biasanya perlu berlangganan" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a>. Varieties of English around the World. John Benjamins. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/socioculturalhis00lane/page/n71">53</a>–84. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-58811-046-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-58811-046-6">978-1-58811-046-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+3%3A+The+relationship+between+African+American+and+White+Vernaculars&rft.btitle=Sociocultural+and+historical+contexts+of+African+American+English&rft.series=Varieties+of+English+around+the+World&rft.pages=53-84&rft.pub=John+Benjamins&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-58811-046-6&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=Guy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsocioculturalhis00lane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Bailey, G. (1997). "When did southern American English begin". Dalam Edgar W. Schneider. Englishes around the world. hlm. 255–275.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=When+did+southern+American+English+begin&rft.btitle=Englishes+around+the+world&rft.pages=255-275&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Bammesberger, Alfred (1992). "Chapter 2: The Place of English in Germanic and Indo-European". Dalam Hogg, Richard M. The Cambridge History of the English Language. 1: The Beginnings to 1066. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 26–66. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-26474-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-26474-7">978-0-521-26474-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+2%3A+The+Place+of+English+in+Germanic+and+Indo-European&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+the+English+Language&rft.pages=26-66&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-521-26474-7&rft.aulast=Bammesberger&rft.aufirst=Alfred&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Bao, Z. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542042577">"Variation in Nonnative Varieties of English"</a>. Dalam Brown, Keith. Salinan arsip. Encyclopedia of language & linguistics. Elsevier. hlm. 377–380. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1016%252FB0-08-044854-2%252F04257-7">10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/04257-7</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-08-044299-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-08-044299-0">978-0-08-044299-0</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806025627/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542042577">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2020-08-06. Diakses tanggal 6 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.elsevier.com/books/encyclopedia-of-language-and-linguistics-14-volume-set/brown/978-0-08-044854-1">Ringkasan</a> (6 February 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Salinan+arsip&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+language+%26+linguistics&rft.pages=377-380&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB0-08-044854-2%2F04257-7&rft.isbn=978-0-08-044299-0&rft.aulast=Bao&rft.aufirst=Z.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB0080448542042577&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Templat:Subscription_or_libraries&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Templat:Subscription or libraries (halaman belum tersedia)">Templat:Subscription or libraries</a></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Barry, Michael V. (1982). "English in Ireland". Dalam Bailey, Richard W.; Görlach, Manfred. English as a World Language. University of Michigan Press. hlm. 84–134. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-12-533872-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-12-533872-2">978-3-12-533872-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=English+in+Ireland&rft.btitle=English+as+a+World+Language&rft.pages=84-134&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-3-12-533872-2&rft.aulast=Barry&rft.aufirst=Michael+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Bauer, Laurie; Huddleston, Rodney (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/languages-linguistics/grammar-and-syntax/cambridge-grammar-english-language">"Chapter 19: Lexical Word-Formation"</a>. Dalam Huddleston, Rodney; Pullum, Geoffrey K. The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. hlm. 1621–1721. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-43146-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-43146-0">978-0-521-43146-0</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212000801/http://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/languages-linguistics/grammar-and-syntax/cambridge-grammar-english-language">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2015-02-12. Diakses tanggal 10 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~culicove/Publications/CGEL_Review.pdf">Ringkasan</a> (PDF) (10 February 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+19%3A+Lexical+Word-Formation&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Grammar+of+the+English+Language&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=1621-1721&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-521-43146-0&rft.aulast=Bauer&rft.aufirst=Laurie&rft.au=Huddleston%2C+Rodney&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fus%2Facademic%2Fsubjects%2Flanguages-linguistics%2Fgrammar-and-syntax%2Fcambridge-grammar-english-language&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Baugh, Albert C.; Cable, Thomas (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/historyofenglish02baug">A History of the English Language</a> (edisi ke-5th). Longman. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-13-015166-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-13-015166-7">978-0-13-015166-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+English+Language&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-13-015166-7&rft.aulast=Baugh&rft.aufirst=Albert+C.&rft.au=Cable%2C+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofenglish02baug&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Bermúdez-Otero, Ricardo; McMahon, April (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170403030637/http://www.blackwellreference.com/public/uid%3D3/tocnode?id%3Dg9781405113823_chunk_g978140511382318">"Chapter 17: English phonology and morphology"</a>. Dalam Bas Aarts; April McMahon. The Handbook of English Linguistics. Oxford: Blackwell. hlm. 382–410. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1111%252Fb.9781405113823.2006.00018.x">10.1111/b.9781405113823.2006.00018.x</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4051-6425-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4051-6425-2">978-1-4051-6425-2</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.blackwellreference.com/public/uid%3D3/tocnode?id%3Dg9781405113823_chunk_g978140511382318">versi asli</a> tanggal 3 April 2017. Diakses tanggal 2 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+17%3A+English+phonology+and+morphology&rft.btitle=The+Handbook+of+English+Linguistics&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=382-410&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fb.9781405113823.2006.00018.x&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-6425-2&rft.aulast=Berm%C3%BAdez-Otero&rft.aufirst=Ricardo&rft.au=McMahon%2C+April&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackwellreference.com%2Fpublic%2Fuid%3D3%2Ftocnode%3Fid%3Dg9781405113823_chunk_g978140511382318&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</li> <li><cite class="citation book">Blench, R.; Spriggs, Matthew (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DDWMHhfXxLaIC%26pg%3DPA286">Archaeology and Language: Correlating Archaeological and Linguistic Hypotheses</a>. Routledge. hlm. 285–286. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-415-11761-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-415-11761-6">978-0-415-11761-6</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317200408/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DDWMHhfXxLaIC%26pg%3DPA286">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-17. Diakses tanggal 2021-09-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Archaeology+and+Language%3A+Correlating+Archaeological+and+Linguistic+Hypotheses&rft.pages=285-286&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-415-11761-6&rft.aulast=Blench&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=Spriggs%2C+Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDWMHhfXxLaIC%26pg%3DPA286&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Boberg, Charles (2010). The English language in Canada: Status, history and comparative analysis. Studies in English Language. Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-139-49144-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-139-49144-0">978-1-139-49144-0</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/cjl/summary/v056/56.2.brock.html">Ringkasan</a> (2 April 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+English+language+in+Canada%3A+Status%2C+history+and+comparative+analysis&rft.series=Studies+in+English+Language&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-139-49144-0&rft.aulast=Boberg&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Bosworth&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Joseph Bosworth (halaman belum tersedia)">Bosworth, Joseph</a>; Toller, T. Northcote (1921). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://bosworth.ff.cuni.cz/009427">"Engla land"</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=An_Anglo-Saxon_Dictionary&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (halaman belum tersedia)">An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary</a> (Online). <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Charles_University&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Charles University (halaman belum tersedia)">Charles University</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221212612/http://bosworth.ff.cuni.cz/009427">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2012-12-21. Diakses tanggal 6 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=An+Anglo-Saxon+Dictionary+%28Online%29&rft.atitle=Engla+land&rft.date=1921&rft.aulast=Bosworth&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.au=Toller%2C+T.+Northcote&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbosworth.ff.cuni.cz%2F009427&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Brinton, Laurel J.; Brinton, Donna M. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://benjamins.com/%23catalog/books/z.156/main">The linguistic structure of modern English</a>. John Benjamins. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-90-272-8824-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-90-272-8824-0">978-90-272-8824-0</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501194533/https://benjamins.com/%23catalog/books/z.156/main">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2015-05-01. Diakses tanggal 2 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+linguistic+structure+of+modern+English&rft.pub=John+Benjamins&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-90-272-8824-0&rft.aulast=Brinton&rft.aufirst=Laurel+J.&rft.au=Brinton%2C+Donna+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbenjamins.com%2F%23catalog%2Fbooks%2Fz.156%2Fmain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Brutt-Griffler, J. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542006441">"Languages of Wider Communication"</a>. Dalam Brown, Keith. Salinan arsip. Encyclopedia of language & linguistics. Elsevier. hlm. 690–697. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1016%252FB0-08-044854-2%252F00644-1">10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/00644-1</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-08-044299-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-08-044299-0">978-0-08-044299-0</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806025627/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542006441">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2020-08-06. Diakses tanggal 6 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.elsevier.com/books/encyclopedia-of-language-and-linguistics-14-volume-set/brown/978-0-08-044854-1">Ringkasan</a> (6 February 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Salinan+arsip&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+language+%26+linguistics&rft.pages=690-697&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB0-08-044854-2%2F00644-1&rft.isbn=978-0-08-044299-0&rft.aulast=Brutt-Griffler&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB0080448542006441&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Templat:Subscription_or_libraries&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Templat:Subscription or libraries (halaman belum tersedia)">Templat:Subscription or libraries</a></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Burridge, Kate (2010). "Chapter 7: English in Australia". Dalam Kirkpatrick, Andy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/routledgehandboo00kirk_142">The Routledge handbook of world Englishes <noscript> <img alt="Akses gratis dibatasi (uji coba), biasanya perlu berlangganan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" data-alt="Akses gratis dibatasi (uji coba), biasanya perlu berlangganan" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a>. Routledge. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/routledgehandboo00kirk_142/page/n154">132</a>–151. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-415-62264-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-415-62264-6">978-0-415-62264-6</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://linguistlist.org/pubs/reviews/get-review.cfm?SubID%3D4525181">Ringkasan</a> (29 March 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+7%3A+English+in+Australia&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+handbook+of+world+Englishes&rft.pages=132-151&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-415-62264-6&rft.aulast=Burridge&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Froutledgehandboo00kirk_142&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Alistair_Campbell_(academic)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Alistair Campbell (academic) (halaman belum tersedia)">Campbell, Alistair</a> (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/oldenglishgramma00camp">Old English Grammar</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxford?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>: <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxford_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-811943-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-811943-2">978-0-19-811943-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Old+English+Grammar&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1959&rft.isbn=978-0-19-811943-2&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Alistair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foldenglishgramma00camp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Carr, Philip; Honeybone, Patrick (2007). "English phonology and linguistic theory: an introduction to issues, and to 'Issues in English Phonology'". Language Sciences. 29 (2): 117–153. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1016%252Fj.langsci.2006.12.018">10.1016/j.langsci.2006.12.018</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Language+Sciences&rft.atitle=English+phonology+and+linguistic+theory%3A+an+introduction+to+issues%2C+and+to+%27Issues+in+English+Phonology%27&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=117-153&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.langsci.2006.12.018&rft.aulast=Carr&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.au=Honeybone%2C+Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Templat:Subscription_or_libraries&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Templat:Subscription or libraries (halaman belum tersedia)">Templat:Subscription or libraries</a></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Cassidy, Frederic G. (1982). "Geographical Variation of English in the United States". Dalam Bailey, Richard W.; Görlach, Manfred. English as a World Language. University of Michigan Press. hlm. 177–210. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-12-533872-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-12-533872-2">978-3-12-533872-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Geographical+Variation+of+English+in+the+United+States&rft.btitle=English+as+a+World+Language&rft.pages=177-210&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-3-12-533872-2&rft.aulast=Cassidy&rft.aufirst=Frederic+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Cercignani, Fausto (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D_JBlAAAAMAAJ">Shakespeare's works and Elizabethan pronunciation</a>. Clarendon Press. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-811937-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-811937-1">978-0-19-811937-1</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/JSTOR?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3728688">3728688</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317200400/https://books.google.com/books?id%3D_JBlAAAAMAAJ">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-17. Diakses tanggal 14 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shakespeare%27s+works+and+Elizabethan+pronunciation&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1981&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3728688&rft.isbn=978-0-19-811937-1&rft.aulast=Cercignani&rft.aufirst=Fausto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_JBlAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R._G._Collingwood?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="R. G. Collingwood">Collingwood, Robin George</a>; Myres, J. N. L. (1936). "Chapter XX. The Sources for the period: Angles, Saxons, and Jutes on the Continent". Roman Britain and the English Settlements. Book V: The English Settlements. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/JSTOR?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2143838">2143838</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lccn.loc.gov/37002621">37002621</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+XX.+The+Sources+for+the+period%3A+Angles%2C+Saxons%2C+and+Jutes+on+the+Continent&rft.btitle=Roman+Britain+and+the+English+Settlements&rft.place=Oxford%2C+England&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1936&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F37002621&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2143838&rft.aulast=Collingwood&rft.aufirst=Robin+George&rft.au=Myres%2C+J.+N.+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Collins, Beverley; Mees, Inger M. (2003) [First published 1981]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/phoneticsofengli0000coll">The Phonetics of English and Dutch</a> (edisi ke-5th). Leiden: Brill Publishers. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-90-04-10340-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-90-04-10340-5">978-90-04-10340-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Phonetics+of+English+and+Dutch&rft.place=Leiden&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-90-04-10340-5&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Beverley&rft.au=Mees%2C+Inger+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fphoneticsofengli0000coll&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Connell, B. A. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542016552">"Nigeria: Language Situation"</a>. Dalam Brown, Keith. Encyclopedia of language & linguistics. Elsevier. hlm. 88–90. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1016%252FB0-08-044854-2%252F01655-2">10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/01655-2</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-08-044299-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-08-044299-0">978-0-08-044299-0</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924145240/http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542016552">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2015-09-24. Diakses tanggal 25 March 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.elsevier.com/books/encyclopedia-of-language-and-linguistics-14-volume-set/brown/978-0-08-044854-1">Ringkasan</a> (6 February 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nigeria%3A+Language+Situation&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+language+%26+linguistics&rft.pages=88-90&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB0-08-044854-2%2F01655-2&rft.isbn=978-0-08-044299-0&rft.aulast=Connell&rft.aufirst=B.+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB0080448542016552&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Templat:Subscription_or_libraries&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Templat:Subscription or libraries (halaman belum tersedia)">Templat:Subscription or libraries</a></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Conrad, Andrew W.; Rubal-Lopez, Alma (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.degruyter.com/viewbooktoc/product/143492">Post-Imperial English: Status Change in Former British and American Colonies, 1940–1990 <noscript> <img alt="Perlu langganan berbayar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Lock-red-L.svg/9px-Lock-red-L.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Lock-red-L.svg/9px-Lock-red-L.svg.png" data-alt="Perlu langganan berbayar" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Lock-red-L.svg/14px-Lock-red-L.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Lock-red-L.svg/18px-Lock-red-L.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a>. de Gruyter. hlm. 261. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-11-087218-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-11-087218-7">978-3-11-087218-7</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924071825/http://www.degruyter.com/viewbooktoc/product/143492">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2015-09-24. Diakses tanggal 2 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Post-Imperial+English%3A+Status+Change+in+Former+British+and+American+Colonies%2C+1940%E2%80%931990&rft.pages=261&rft.pub=de+Gruyter&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-3-11-087218-7&rft.aulast=Conrad&rft.aufirst=Andrew+W.&rft.au=Rubal-Lopez%2C+Alma&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fviewbooktoc%2Fproduct%2F143492&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Cruttenden, Alan (2014). Gimson's Pronunciation of English (edisi ke-8th). Routledge. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4441-8309-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4441-8309-2">978-1-4441-8309-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gimson%27s+Pronunciation+of+English&rft.edition=8th&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4441-8309-2&rft.aulast=Cruttenden&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=David_Crystal&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="David Crystal (halaman belum tersedia)">Crystal, David</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402160417/http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid%3DCBO9781139106856">Language Death</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1017%252FCBO9781139106856">10.1017/CBO9781139106856</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-139-10685-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-139-10685-6">978-1-139-10685-6</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid%3DCBO9781139106856">versi asli</a> tanggal 2015-04-02. Diakses tanggal 25 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language+Death&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FCBO9781139106856&rft.isbn=978-1-139-10685-6&rft.aulast=Crystal&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Febooks.cambridge.org%2Febook.jsf%3Fbid%3DCBO9781139106856&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=David_Crystal&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="David Crystal (halaman belum tersedia)">Crystal, David</a> (2003a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dd6jPAKxTHRYC">English as a Global Language</a> (edisi ke-2nd). Cambridge University Press. hlm. 69. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-53032-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-53032-3">978-0-521-53032-3</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317200407/https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dd6jPAKxTHRYC">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-17. Diakses tanggal 4 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/samples/cam041/2003282119.pdf">Ringkasan</a> (PDF) – Library of Congress (sample) (4 February 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+as+a+Global+Language&rft.pages=69&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-521-53032-3&rft.aulast=Crystal&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dd6jPAKxTHRYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=David_Crystal&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="David Crystal (halaman belum tersedia)">Crystal, David</a> (2003b). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DA3b3ngEACAAJ">The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language</a> (edisi ke-2nd). Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-53033-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-53033-0">978-0-521-53033-0</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317200436/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DA3b3ngEACAAJ">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-17. Diakses tanggal 4 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/languages-linguistics/english-language-and-linguistics-general-interest/cambridge-encyclopedia-english-language-2nd-edition">Ringkasan</a> (4 February 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Encyclopedia+of+the+English+Language&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-521-53033-0&rft.aulast=Crystal&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA3b3ngEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation news">Crystal, David (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://education.guardian.co.uk/tefl/story/0,,1355064,00.html">"Subcontinent Raises Its Voice"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20080417171455/http://education.guardian.co.uk/tefl/story/0,,1355064,00.html">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2008-04-17. Diakses tanggal 4 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Subcontinent+Raises+Its+Voice&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Crystal&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feducation.guardian.co.uk%2Ftefl%2Fstory%2F0%2C%2C1355064%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Crystal, David (2006). "Chapter 9: English worldwide". Dalam Denison, David; Hogg, Richard M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/historyenglishla00hogg">A History of the English Language <noscript> <img alt="Akses gratis dibatasi (uji coba), biasanya perlu berlangganan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" data-alt="Akses gratis dibatasi (uji coba), biasanya perlu berlangganan" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a>. Cambridge University Press. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/historyenglishla00hogg/page/n435">420</a>–439. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-511-16893-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-511-16893-2">978-0-511-16893-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+9%3A+English+worldwide&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+English+Language&rft.pages=420-439&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-511-16893-2&rft.aulast=Crystal&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryenglishla00hogg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William, ed. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D621jAAAAMAAJ">The World's Writing Systems</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-507993-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-507993-7">978-0-19-507993-7</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317200408/https://books.google.com/books?id%3D621jAAAAMAAJ">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-17. Diakses tanggal 23 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://ukcatalogue.oup.com/product/9780195079937.do">Ringkasan</a> (23 February 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World%27s+Writing+Systems&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-19-507993-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D621jAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Dehaene, Stanislas (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D6Z2hjwEACAAJ">Reading in the Brain: The Science and Evolution of a Human Invention</a>. Viking. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-670-02110-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-670-02110-9">978-0-670-02110-9</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317200401/https://books.google.com/books?id%3D6Z2hjwEACAAJ">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-17. Diakses tanggal 3 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://readinginthebrain.pagesperso-orange.fr/intro.htm">Ringkasan</a> (3 April 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reading+in+the+Brain%3A+The+Science+and+Evolution+of+a+Human+Invention&rft.pub=Viking&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-670-02110-9&rft.aulast=Dehaene&rft.aufirst=Stanislas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6Z2hjwEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Denison, David; Hogg, Richard M. (2006). "Overview". Dalam Denison, David; Hogg, Richard M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/historyenglishla00hogg">A History of the English language <noscript> <img alt="Akses gratis dibatasi (uji coba), biasanya perlu berlangganan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" data-alt="Akses gratis dibatasi (uji coba), biasanya perlu berlangganan" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a>. Cambridge University Press. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/historyenglishla00hogg/page/n45">30</a>–31. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-71799-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-71799-1">978-0-521-71799-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Overview&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+English+language&rft.pages=30-31&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-521-71799-1&rft.aulast=Denison&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Hogg%2C+Richard+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryenglishla00hogg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Denning, Keith; Kessler, Brett; Leben, William Ronald (17 February 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Djz76l9RAccQC">English Vocabulary Elements</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-516803-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-516803-7">978-0-19-516803-7</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317200436/https://books.google.com/books?id%3Djz76l9RAccQC">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-17. Diakses tanggal 25 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/english-vocabulary-elements-9780195168037?cc%3Dus%26lang%3Den%26">Ringkasan</a> (25 February 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+Vocabulary+Elements&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007-02-17&rft.isbn=978-0-19-516803-7&rft.aulast=Denning&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft.au=Kessler%2C+Brett&rft.au=Leben%2C+William+Ronald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Djz76l9RAccQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFUKMinorityProtectionReport2007" class="citation report">Department for Communities and Local Government (United Kingdom) (27 February 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924020227/http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/minorities/3_FCNMdocs/PDF_2nd_SR_UK_en.pdf">Second Report submitted by the United Kingdom pursuant to article 25, paragraph 1 of the framework convention for the protection of national minorities</a> (PDF) (Laporan). Council of Europe. ACFC/SR/II(2007)003 rev1. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/minorities/3_FCNMdocs/PDF_2nd_SR_UK_en.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 24 September 2015. Diakses tanggal 6 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Second+Report+submitted+by+the+United+Kingdom+pursuant+to+article+25%2C+paragraph+1+of+the+framework+convention+for+the+protection+of+national+minorities&rft.pub=Council+of+Europe&rft.date=2007-02-27&rft.au=Department+for+Communities+and+Local+Government+%28United+Kingdom%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.coe.int%2Ft%2Fdghl%2Fmonitoring%2Fminorities%2F3_FCNMdocs%2FPDF_2nd_SR_UK_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</li> <li><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Deumert, A. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542012943">"Migration and Language"</a>. Dalam Brown, Keith. Salinan arsip. Encyclopedia of language & linguistics. Elsevier. hlm. 129–133. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1016%252FB0-08-044854-2%252F01294-3">10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/01294-3</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-08-044299-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-08-044299-0">978-0-08-044299-0</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806025549/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542012943">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2020-08-06. Diakses tanggal 6 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.elsevier.com/books/encyclopedia-of-language-and-linguistics-14-volume-set/brown/978-0-08-044854-1">Ringkasan</a> (6 February 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Salinan+arsip&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+language+%26+linguistics&rft.pages=129-133&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB0-08-044854-2%2F01294-3&rft.isbn=978-0-08-044299-0&rft.aulast=Deumert&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB0080448542012943&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Templat:Subscription_or_libraries&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Templat:Subscription or libraries (halaman belum tersedia)">Templat:Subscription or libraries</a></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Dixon, R. M. W. (1982). "The grammar of English phrasal verbs". Australian Journal of Linguistics. 2 (1): 1–42. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1080%252F07268608208599280">10.1080/07268608208599280</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Australian+Journal+of+Linguistics&rft.atitle=The+grammar+of+English+phrasal+verbs&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-42&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F07268608208599280&rft.aulast=Dixon&rft.aufirst=R.+M.+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Donoghue, D. (2008). Donoghue, Daniel, ed. Old English Literature: A Short Introduction. Wiley. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1002%252F9780470776025">10.1002/9780470776025</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-631-23486-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-631-23486-9">978-0-631-23486-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Old+English+Literature%3A+A+Short+Introduction&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F9780470776025&rft.isbn=978-0-631-23486-9&rft.aulast=Donoghue&rft.aufirst=D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Durrell, M. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542021891">"Germanic Languages"</a>. Dalam Brown, Keith. Salinan arsip. Encyclopedia of language & linguistics. Elsevier. hlm. 53–55. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1016%252FB0-08-044854-2%252F02189-1">10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/02189-1</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-08-044299-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-08-044299-0">978-0-08-044299-0</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924145318/http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542021891">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2015-09-24. Diakses tanggal 6 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.elsevier.com/books/encyclopedia-of-language-and-linguistics-14-volume-set/brown/978-0-08-044854-1">Ringkasan</a> (6 February 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Salinan+arsip&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+language+%26+linguistics&rft.pages=53-55&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB0-08-044854-2%2F02189-1&rft.isbn=978-0-08-044299-0&rft.aulast=Durrell&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB0080448542021891&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Templat:Subscription_or_libraries&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Templat:Subscription or libraries (halaman belum tersedia)">Templat:Subscription or libraries</a></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Eagleson, Robert D. (1982). "English in Australia and New Zealand". Dalam Bailey, Richard W.; Görlach, Manfred. English as a World Language. University of Michigan Press. hlm. 415–438. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-12-533872-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-12-533872-2">978-3-12-533872-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=English+in+Australia+and+New+Zealand&rft.btitle=English+as+a+World+Language&rft.pages=415-438&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-3-12-533872-2&rft.aulast=Eagleson&rft.aufirst=Robert+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFEthnologue2010" class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ethnologue.com/statistics/size">"Summary by language size"</a>. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226040016/https://www.ethnologue.com/statistics/size">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2018-12-26. Diakses tanggal 10 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ethnologue%3A+Languages+of+the+World&rft.atitle=Summary+by+language+size&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fstatistics%2Fsize&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation report">European Commission (June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160106183351/http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_386_en.pdf">Special Eurobarometer 386: Europeans and Their Languages</a> (PDF) (Laporan). Eurobarometer Special Surveys. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_386_en.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 6 January 2016. Diakses tanggal 12 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_386_sum_en.pdf">Ringkasan</a> (PDF) (27 March 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Special+Eurobarometer+386%3A+Europeans+and+Their+Languages&rft.series=Eurobarometer+Special+Surveys&rft.date=2012-06&rft.au=European+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fpublic_opinion%2Farchives%2Febs%2Febs_386_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</li> <li><cite class="citation book">Fasold, Ralph W.; Connor-Linton, Jeffrey, ed. (2014). An Introduction to Language and Linguistics (edisi ke-Second). Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-316-06185-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-316-06185-5">978-1-316-06185-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Language+and+Linguistics&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-316-06185-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Fischer, Olga; van der Wurff, Wim (2006). "Chapter 3: Syntax". Dalam Denison, David; Hogg, Richard M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/historyenglishla00hogg">A History of the English language <noscript> <img alt="Akses gratis dibatasi (uji coba), biasanya perlu berlangganan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" data-alt="Akses gratis dibatasi (uji coba), biasanya perlu berlangganan" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a>. Cambridge University Press. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/historyenglishla00hogg/page/n124">109</a>–198. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-71799-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-71799-1">978-0-521-71799-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+3%3A+Syntax&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+English+language&rft.pages=109-198&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-521-71799-1&rft.aulast=Fischer&rft.aufirst=Olga&rft.au=van+der+Wurff%2C+Wim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryenglishla00hogg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Flemming, Edward; Johnson, Stephanie (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://web.mit.edu/flemming/www/paper/rosasroses.pdf">"Rosa's roses: reduced vowels in American English"</a> (PDF). <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_the_International_Phonetic_Association&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Journal of the International Phonetic Association (halaman belum tersedia)">Journal of the International Phonetic Association</a>. 37 (1): 83–96. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/CiteSeerX?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="CiteSeerX">CiteSeerX</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi%3D10.1.1.536.1989">10.1.1.536.1989</a>  <noscript> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" data-alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> . <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1017%252FS0025100306002817">10.1017/S0025100306002817</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919182406/http://web.mit.edu/flemming/www/paper/rosasroses.pdf">Diarsipkan</a> (PDF) dari versi asli tanggal 2018-09-19. Diakses tanggal 2021-09-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Rosa%27s+roses%3A+reduced+vowels+in+American+English&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=83-96&rft.date=2007&rft_id=%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.536.1989&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100306002817&rft.aulast=Flemming&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Stephanie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.mit.edu%2Fflemming%2Fwww%2Fpaper%2Frosasroses.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</li> <li><cite class="citation book">Giegerich, Heinz J. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/englishphonology0000gieg">English Phonology: An Introduction</a>. Cambridge Textbooks in Linguistics. Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-33603-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-33603-1">978-0-521-33603-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+Phonology%3A+An+Introduction&rft.series=Cambridge+Textbooks+in+Linguistics&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-521-33603-1&rft.aulast=Giegerich&rft.aufirst=Heinz+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fenglishphonology0000gieg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Gneuss, Helmut (2013). "Chapter 2: The Old English Language". Dalam Godden, Malcolm; Lapidge, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani0000malc">The Cambridge companion to Old English literature</a> (edisi ke-Second). Cambridge University Press. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani0000malc/page/19">19</a>–49. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-15402-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-15402-4">978-0-521-15402-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+2%3A+The+Old+English+Language&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+companion+to+Old+English+literature&rft.pages=19-49&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-521-15402-4&rft.aulast=Gneuss&rft.aufirst=Helmut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcambridgecompani0000malc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Görlach, Manfred (1991). Introduction to Early Modern English. Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-32529-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-32529-5">978-0-521-32529-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Early+Modern+English&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-521-32529-5&rft.aulast=G%C3%B6rlach&rft.aufirst=Manfred&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation web">Gordin, Michael D. (4 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150207162247/http://aeon.co/magazine/science/how-did-science-come-to-speak-only-english/">"Absolute English"</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Aeon_(digital_magazine)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Aeon (digital magazine) (halaman belum tersedia)">Aeon</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://aeon.co/magazine/science/how-did-science-come-to-speak-only-english/">versi asli</a> tanggal 7 February 2015. Diakses tanggal 16 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Aeon&rft.atitle=Absolute+English&rft.date=2015-02-04&rft.aulast=Gordin&rft.aufirst=Michael+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faeon.co%2Fmagazine%2Fscience%2Fhow-did-science-come-to-speak-only-english%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGordonCampbellHay_et_al.2004" class="citation book">Gordon, Elizabeth; Campbell, Lyle; Hay, Jennifer; Maclagan, Margaret; Sudbury, Angela; Trudgill, Peter (2004). New Zealand English: its origins and evolution. Studies in English Language. Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-10895-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-10895-9">978-0-521-10895-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Zealand+English%3A+its+origins+and+evolution&rft.series=Studies+in+English+Language&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-521-10895-9&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft.au=Campbell%2C+Lyle&rft.au=Hay%2C+Jennifer&rft.au=Maclagan%2C+Margaret&rft.au=Sudbury%2C+Angela&rft.au=Trudgill%2C+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Gottlieb, H. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542044552">"Linguistic Influence"</a>. Dalam Brown, Keith. Salinan arsip. Encyclopedia of language & linguistics. Elsevier. hlm. 196–206. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1016%252FB0-08-044854-2%252F04455-2">10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/04455-2</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-08-044299-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-08-044299-0">978-0-08-044299-0</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806025550/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542044552">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2020-08-06. Diakses tanggal 6 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.elsevier.com/books/encyclopedia-of-language-and-linguistics-14-volume-set/brown/978-0-08-044854-1">Ringkasan</a> (6 February 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Salinan+arsip&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+language+%26+linguistics&rft.pages=196-206&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB0-08-044854-2%2F04455-2&rft.isbn=978-0-08-044299-0&rft.aulast=Gottlieb&rft.aufirst=H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB0080448542044552&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Templat:Subscription_or_libraries&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Templat:Subscription or libraries (halaman belum tersedia)">Templat:Subscription or libraries</a></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=David_Graddol&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="David Graddol (halaman belum tersedia)">Graddol, David</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212042939/http://englishagenda.britishcouncil.org/sites/ec/files/books-english-next.pdf">English Next: Why global English may mean the end of 'English as a Foreign Language'</a> (PDF). The British Council. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://englishagenda.britishcouncil.org/sites/ec/files/books-english-next.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 12 February 2015. Diakses tanggal 7 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://eltj.oxfordjournals.org/content/61/1/81.extract">Ringkasan</a> – ELT Journal (7 February 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+Next%3A+Why+global+English+may+mean+the+end+of+%27English+as+a+Foreign+Language%27&rft.pub=The+British+Council&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Graddol&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglishagenda.britishcouncil.org%2Fsites%2Fec%2Ffiles%2Fbooks-english-next.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=David_Graddol&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="David Graddol (halaman belum tersedia)">Graddol, David</a> (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212042654/http://englishagenda.britishcouncil.org/sites/ec/files/books-english-next-india-2010.pdf">English Next India: The future of English in India</a> (PDF). The British Council. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-86355-627-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-86355-627-2">978-0-86355-627-2</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://englishagenda.britishcouncil.org/sites/ec/files/books-english-next-india-2010.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 12 February 2015. Diakses tanggal 7 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://eltj.oxfordjournals.org/content/65/3/356.extract">Ringkasan</a> – ELT Journal (7 February 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+Next+India%3A+The+future+of+English+in+India&rft.pub=The+British+Council&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-86355-627-2&rft.aulast=Graddol&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglishagenda.britishcouncil.org%2Fsites%2Fec%2Ffiles%2Fbooks-english-next-india-2010.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFGraddolLeithSwann_et_al.2007" class="citation book">Graddol, David; Leith, Dick; Swann, Joan; Rhys, Martin; Gillen, Julia, ed. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415376792/">Changing English</a>. Routledge. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-415-37679-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-415-37679-2">978-0-415-37679-2</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150224062821/http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415376792/">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2015-02-24. Diakses tanggal 11 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Changing+English&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-415-37679-2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.routledge.com%2Fbooks%2Fdetails%2F9780415376792%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Green, Lisa J. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780521891387">African American English: a linguistic introduction <noscript> <img alt="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" data-alt="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a>. Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=African+American+English%3A+a+linguistic+introduction&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Lisa+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780521891387&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Greenbaum, S.; Nelson, G. (2002). An introduction to English grammar (edisi ke-Second). Longman. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-582-43741-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-582-43741-8">978-0-582-43741-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+introduction+to+English+grammar&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-582-43741-8&rft.aulast=Greenbaum&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.au=Nelson%2C+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Halliday, M. A. K.; Hasan, Ruqaiya (1976). Cohesion in English. Pearson Education ltd.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cohesion+in+English&rft.pub=Pearson+Education+ltd.&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Halliday&rft.aufirst=M.+A.+K.&rft.au=Hasan%2C+Ruqaiya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Hancock, Ian F.; Angogo, Rachel (1982). "English in East Africa". Dalam Bailey, Richard W.; Görlach, Manfred. English as a World Language. University of Michigan Press. hlm. 415–438. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-12-533872-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-12-533872-2">978-3-12-533872-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=English+in+East+Africa&rft.btitle=English+as+a+World+Language&rft.pages=415-438&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-3-12-533872-2&rft.aulast=Hancock&rft.aufirst=Ian+F.&rft.au=Angogo%2C+Rachel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Harbert, Wayne (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402120615/http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid%3DCBO9780511755071">The Germanic Languages</a>. Cambridge Language Surveys. Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1017%252FCBO9780511755071">10.1017/CBO9780511755071</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-01511-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-01511-0">978-0-521-01511-0</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/JSTOR?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.jstor.org/stable/40492966">40492966</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid%3DCBO9780511755071">versi asli</a> tanggal 2015-04-02. Diakses tanggal 26 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Germanic+Languages&rft.series=Cambridge+Language+Surveys&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40492966&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FCBO9780511755071&rft.isbn=978-0-521-01511-0&rft.aulast=Harbert&rft.aufirst=Wayne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Febooks.cambridge.org%2Febook.jsf%3Fbid%3DCBO9780511755071&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Hickey, R. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/irishenglishhist0000hick">Irish English: History and present-day forms</a>. Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Irish+English%3A+History+and+present-day+forms&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Hickey&rft.aufirst=R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Firishenglishhist0000hick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Hickey, R., ed. (2005). Legacies of colonial English: Studies in transported dialects. Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Legacies+of+colonial+English%3A+Studies+in+transported+dialects&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Hogg, Richard M. (1992). "Chapter 3: Phonology and Morphology". Dalam Hogg, Richard M. The Cambridge History of the English Language. 1: The Beginnings to 1066. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 67–168. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1017%252FCHOL9780521264747">10.1017/CHOL9780521264747</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-26474-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-26474-7">978-0-521-26474-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+3%3A+Phonology+and+Morphology&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+the+English+Language&rft.pages=67-168&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FCHOL9780521264747&rft.isbn=978-0-521-26474-7&rft.aulast=Hogg&rft.aufirst=Richard+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</li> <li><cite class="citation book">Hogg, Richard M. (2006). "Chapter7: English in Britain". Dalam Denison, David; Hogg, Richard M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/historyenglishla00hogg">A History of the English language <noscript> <img alt="Akses gratis dibatasi (uji coba), biasanya perlu berlangganan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" data-alt="Akses gratis dibatasi (uji coba), biasanya perlu berlangganan" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a>. Cambridge University Press. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/historyenglishla00hogg/page/n375">360</a>–61. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-71799-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-71799-1">978-0-521-71799-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter7%3A+English+in+Britain&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+English+language&rft.pages=360-61&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-521-71799-1&rft.aulast=Hogg&rft.aufirst=Richard+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryenglishla00hogg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHow_English_evolved_into_a_global_language2010" class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-12017753">"How English evolved into a global language"</a>. BBC. 20 December 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925173407/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-12017753">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2015-09-25. Diakses tanggal 9 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+English+evolved+into+a+global+language&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2010-12-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmagazine-12017753&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFHowManyWords2015" class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20111130011051/http://oxforddictionaries.com/page/howmanywords">"How many words are there in the English language?"</a>. Oxford Dictionaries Online. Oxford University Press. 2015. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/page/howmanywords">versi asli</a> tanggal 2011-11-30. Diakses tanggal 2 April 2015. <q>How many words are there in the English language? There is no single sensible answer to this question. It's impossible to count the number of words in a language, because it's so hard to decide what actually counts as a word.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Dictionaries+Online&rft.atitle=How+many+words+are+there+in+the+English+language%3F&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxforddictionaries.com%2Fpage%2Fhowmanywords&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Huddleston, Rodney; Pullum, Geoffrey K. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/languages-linguistics/grammar-and-syntax/cambridge-grammar-english-language">The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language</a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-43146-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-43146-0">978-0-521-43146-0</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212000801/http://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/languages-linguistics/grammar-and-syntax/cambridge-grammar-english-language">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2015-02-12. Diakses tanggal 10 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ling.ohio-state.edu/~culicove/Publications/CGEL_Review.pdf">Ringkasan</a> (PDF) (10 February 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Grammar+of+the+English+Language&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-521-43146-0&rft.aulast=Huddleston&rft.aufirst=Rodney&rft.au=Pullum%2C+Geoffrey+K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fus%2Facademic%2Fsubjects%2Flanguages-linguistics%2Fgrammar-and-syntax%2Fcambridge-grammar-english-language&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Hughes, Arthur; Trudgill, Peter (1996). English Accents and Dialects (edisi ke-3rd). Arnold Publishers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+Accents+and+Dialects&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Arnold+Publishers&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft.au=Trudgill%2C+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation web">International Civil Aviation Organization (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.icao.int/safety/airnavigation/pages/peltrgfaq.aspx%23anchor14">"Personnel Licensing FAQ"</a>. International Civil Aviation Organization – Air Navigation Bureau. In which languages does a licence holder need to demonstrate proficiency?. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220003044/http://www.icao.int/safety/airnavigation/pages/peltrgfaq.aspx%23anchor14">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2014-12-20. Diakses tanggal 16 December 2014. <q>Controllers working on stations serving designated airports and routes used by international air services shall demonstrate language proficiency in English as well as in any other language(s) used by the station on the ground.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Personnel+Licensing+FAQ&rft.pages=In+which+languages+does+a+licence+holder+need+to+demonstrate+proficiency%3F&rft.pub=International+Civil+Aviation+Organization+%E2%80%93+Air+Navigation+Bureau&rft.date=2011&rft.au=International+Civil+Aviation+Organization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icao.int%2Fsafety%2Fairnavigation%2Fpages%2Fpeltrgfaq.aspx%23anchor14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation web">International Maritime Organization (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20111003233938/http://www.imo.org/OurWork/Safety/Navigation/Pages/StandardMarineCommunicationPhrases.aspx">"IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases"</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.imo.org/OurWork/Safety/Navigation/Pages/StandardMarineCommunicationPhrases.aspx">versi asli</a> tanggal 2011-10-03. Diakses tanggal 16 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IMO+Standard+Marine+Communication+Phrases&rft.date=2011&rft.au=International+Maritime+Organization&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imo.org%2FOurWork%2FSafety%2FNavigation%2FPages%2FStandardMarineCommunicationPhrases.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=International_Phonetic_Association&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="International Phonetic Association (halaman belum tersedia)">International Phonetic Association</a> (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/handbookofintern0000inte">Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet</a>. Cambridge: <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-65236-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-65236-0">978-0-521-65236-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association%3A+A+guide+to+the+use+of+the+International+Phonetic+Alphabet&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-521-65236-0&rft.au=International+Phonetic+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhandbookofintern0000inte&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Jambor, Paul Z. (2007). "English Language Imperialism: Points of View". Journal of English as an International Language. 2: 103–123.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+English+as+an+International+Language&rft.atitle=English+Language+Imperialism%3A+Points+of+View&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=103-123&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Jambor&rft.aufirst=Paul+Z.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Jespersen, Otto (2007) [1924]. "Case: The number of English cases". The Philosophy of Grammar. Routledge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Case%3A+The+number+of+English+cases&rft.btitle=The+Philosophy+of+Grammar&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Jespersen&rft.aufirst=Otto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Kachru, B. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542006453">"English: World Englishes"</a>. Dalam Brown, Keith. Salinan arsip. Encyclopedia of language & linguistics. Elsevier. hlm. 195–202. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1016%252FB0-08-044854-2%252F00645-3">10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/00645-3</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-08-044299-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-08-044299-0">978-0-08-044299-0</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806025619/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542006453">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2020-08-06. Diakses tanggal 6 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.elsevier.com/books/encyclopedia-of-language-and-linguistics-14-volume-set/brown/978-0-08-044854-1">Ringkasan</a> (6 February 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Salinan+arsip&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+language+%26+linguistics&rft.pages=195-202&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB0-08-044854-2%2F00645-3&rft.isbn=978-0-08-044299-0&rft.aulast=Kachru&rft.aufirst=B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB0080448542006453&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Templat:Subscription_or_libraries&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Templat:Subscription or libraries (halaman belum tersedia)">Templat:Subscription or libraries</a></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Kastovsky, Dieter (2006). "Chapter 4: Vocabulary". Dalam Denison, David; Hogg, Richard M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/historyenglishla00hogg">A History of the English language <noscript> <img alt="Akses gratis dibatasi (uji coba), biasanya perlu berlangganan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" data-alt="Akses gratis dibatasi (uji coba), biasanya perlu berlangganan" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a>. Cambridge University Press. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/historyenglishla00hogg/page/n214">199</a>–270. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-71799-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-71799-1">978-0-521-71799-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+4%3A+Vocabulary&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+English+language&rft.pages=199-270&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-521-71799-1&rft.aulast=Kastovsky&rft.aufirst=Dieter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryenglishla00hogg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">König, Ekkehard; van der Auwera, Johan, ed. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415280792/">The Germanic Languages</a>. Routledge Language Family Descriptions. Routledge. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-415-28079-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-415-28079-2">978-0-415-28079-2</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/JSTOR?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4176538">4176538</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402101046/http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415280792/">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2015-04-02. Diakses tanggal 26 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Germanic+Languages&rft.series=Routledge+Language+Family+Descriptions&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1994&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4176538&rft.isbn=978-0-415-28079-2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.routledge.com%2Fbooks%2Fdetails%2F9780415280792%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988">  The survey of the Germanic branch languages includes chapters by Winfred P. Lehmann, Ans van Kemenade, John Ole Askedal, Erik Andersson, Neil Jacobs, Silke Van Ness, and Suzanne Romaine.</li> <li><cite class="citation book">König, Ekkehard (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415280792/">"17. English"</a>. Dalam König, Ekkehard; van der Auwera, Johan. The Germanic Languages. Routledge Language Family Descriptions. Routledge. hlm. 532–562. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-415-28079-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-415-28079-2">978-0-415-28079-2</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/JSTOR?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4176538">4176538</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402101046/http://www.routledge.com/books/details/9780415280792/">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2015-04-02. Diakses tanggal 26 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=17.+English&rft.btitle=The+Germanic+Languages&rft.series=Routledge+Language+Family+Descriptions&rft.pages=532-562&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1994&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4176538&rft.isbn=978-0-415-28079-2&rft.aulast=K%C3%B6nig&rft.aufirst=Ekkehard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.routledge.com%2Fbooks%2Fdetails%2F9780415280792%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Labov, W. (1972). "13. The Social Stratification of (R) in New York City Department Stores". Sociolinguistic patterns. University of Pennsylvania Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=13.+The+Social+Stratification+of+%28R%29+in+New+York+City+Department+Stores&rft.btitle=Sociolinguistic+patterns&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Labov&rft.aufirst=W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Labov, W. (2012). "1. About Language and Language Change". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/dialectdiversity0000labo">Dialect Diversity in America: The Politics of Language Change</a>. University of Virginia Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1.+About+Language+and+Language+Change&rft.btitle=Dialect+Diversity+in+America%3A+The+Politics+of+Language+Change&rft.pub=University+of+Virginia+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Labov&rft.aufirst=W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdialectdiversity0000labo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/William_Labov?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="William Labov">Labov, William</a>; Ash, Sharon; Boberg, Charles (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.degruyter.com/view/product/178229?rskey%3DeUyN34%26result%3D2">The Atlas of North American English <noscript> <img alt="Perlu langganan berbayar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Lock-red-L.svg/9px-Lock-red-L.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Lock-red-L.svg/9px-Lock-red-L.svg.png" data-alt="Perlu langganan berbayar" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Lock-red-L.svg/14px-Lock-red-L.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Lock-red-L.svg/18px-Lock-red-L.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a>. Berlin: de Gruyter. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-11-016746-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-11-016746-7">978-3-11-016746-7</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924044744/http://www.degruyter.com/view/product/178229?rskey%3DeUyN34%26result%3D2">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2015-09-24. Diakses tanggal 2 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Atlas+of+North+American+English&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=de+Gruyter&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-3-11-016746-7&rft.aulast=Labov&rft.aufirst=William&rft.au=Ash%2C+Sharon&rft.au=Boberg%2C+Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fview%2Fproduct%2F178229%3Frskey%3DeUyN34%26result%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Lanham, L. W. (1982). "English in South Africa". Dalam Bailey, Richard W.; Görlach, Manfred. English as a World Language. University of Michigan Press. hlm. 324–352. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-12-533872-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-12-533872-2">978-3-12-533872-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=English+in+South+Africa&rft.btitle=English+as+a+World+Language&rft.pages=324-352&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-3-12-533872-2&rft.aulast=Lanham&rft.aufirst=L.+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Lass, Roger (1992). "2. Phonology and Morphology". Dalam Blake, Norman. Cambridge History of the English Language. 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Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. hlm. 56–186.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+3%3A+Phonology+and+Morphology&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+the+English+Language%2C+Volume+III%3A+1476%E2%80%931776&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=56-186&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Lass&rft.aufirst=Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFLass2002" class="citation">Lass, Roger (2002), "South African English", dalam Mesthrie, Rajend, Language in South Africa, Cambridge University Press, <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-79105-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-79105-2">978-0-521-79105-2</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=South+African+English&rft.btitle=Language+in+South+Africa&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-521-79105-2&rft.aulast=Lass&rft.aufirst=Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Lass, Roger (2006). "Chapter 2: Phonology and Morphology". Dalam Denison, David; Hogg, Richard M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/historyenglishla00hogg">A History of the English language <noscript> <img alt="Akses gratis dibatasi (uji coba), biasanya perlu berlangganan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" data-alt="Akses gratis dibatasi (uji coba), biasanya perlu berlangganan" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a>. Cambridge University Press. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/historyenglishla00hogg/page/n61">46</a>–47. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-71799-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-71799-1">978-0-521-71799-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+2%3A+Phonology+and+Morphology&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+English+language&rft.pages=46-47&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-521-71799-1&rft.aulast=Lass&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryenglishla00hogg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Lawler, J. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542045739">"Punctuation"</a>. Dalam Brown, Keith. Salinan arsip. Encyclopedia of language & linguistics. Elsevier. hlm. 290–291. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1016%252FB0-08-044854-2%252F04573-9">10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/04573-9</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-08-044299-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-08-044299-0">978-0-08-044299-0</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806025558/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542045739">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2020-08-06. Diakses tanggal 6 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.elsevier.com/books/encyclopedia-of-language-and-linguistics-14-volume-set/brown/978-0-08-044854-1">Ringkasan</a> (6 February 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Salinan+arsip&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+language+%26+linguistics&rft.pages=290-291&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB0-08-044854-2%2F04573-9&rft.isbn=978-0-08-044299-0&rft.aulast=Lawler&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB0080448542045739&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Templat:Subscription_or_libraries&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Templat:Subscription or libraries (halaman belum tersedia)">Templat:Subscription or libraries</a></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Lawton, David L. (1982). "English in the Caribbean". Dalam Bailey, Richard W.; Görlach, Manfred. English as a World Language. University of Michigan Press. hlm. 251–280. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-12-533872-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-12-533872-2">978-3-12-533872-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=English+in+the+Caribbean&rft.btitle=English+as+a+World+Language&rft.pages=251-280&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-3-12-533872-2&rft.aulast=Lawton&rft.aufirst=David+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Leech, G. N. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/glossaryofenglis0000leec">A glossary of English grammar</a>. Edinburgh University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+glossary+of+English+grammar&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Leech&rft.aufirst=G.+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fglossaryofenglis0000leec&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Leech, Geoffrey; Hundt, Marianne; Mair, Christian; Smith, Nicholas (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402140536/http://english.fullerton.edu/publications/clnarchives/2012winter/angus-chng">Change in contemporary English: a grammatical study</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-86722-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-86722-1">978-0-521-86722-1</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://english.fullerton.edu/publications/clnarchives/2012winter/angus-chng">contemp_eng.pdf versi asli</a> Periksa nilai <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#bad_url" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) (PDF) tanggal 2015-04-02. Diakses tanggal 22 September 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://english.fullerton.edu/publications/clnarchives/2012winter/angus-chng">contemp_eng.pdf Ringkasan</a> Periksa nilai <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|lay-url=</code> (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#bad_url" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) (PDF) (29 March 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Change+in+contemporary+English%3A+a+grammatical+study&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-521-86722-1&rft.aulast=Leech&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft.au=Hundt%2C+Marianne&rft.au=Mair%2C+Christian&rft.au=Smith%2C+Nicholas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.fullerton.edu%2Fpublications%2Fclnarchives%2F2012winter%2Fangus-chng+contemp_eng.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Levine, L.; Crockett, H. J. (1966). "Speech Variation in a Piedmont Community: Postvocalic r*". Sociological Inquiry. 36 (2): 204–226. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1111%252Fj.1475-682x.1966.tb00625.x">10.1111/j.1475-682x.1966.tb00625.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sociological+Inquiry&rft.atitle=Speech+Variation+in+a+Piedmont+Community%3A+Postvocalic+r%2A&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=204-226&rft.date=1966&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1475-682x.1966.tb00625.x&rft.aulast=Levine&rft.aufirst=L.&rft.au=Crockett%2C+H.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Li, David C. S. (2003). "Between English and Esperanto: what does it take to be a world language?". International Journal of the Sociology of Language. 2003 (164): 33–63. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1515%252Fijsl.2003.055">10.1515/ijsl.2003.055</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0165-2516">0165-2516</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+the+Sociology+of+Language&rft.atitle=Between+English+and+Esperanto%3A+what+does+it+take+to+be+a+world+language%3F&rft.volume=2003&rft.issue=164&rft.pages=33-63&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fijsl.2003.055&rft.issn=0165-2516&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=David+C.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Lim, L.; Ansaldo, U. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542017016">"Singapore: Language Situation"</a>. Dalam Brown, Keith. Salinan arsip. Encyclopedia of Language & Linguistics. Elsevier. hlm. 387–389. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1016%252FB0-08-044854-2%252F01701-6">10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/01701-6</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-08-044299-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-08-044299-0">978-0-08-044299-0</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806025540/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542017016">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2020-08-06. Diakses tanggal 6 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.elsevier.com/books/encyclopedia-of-language-and-linguistics-14-volume-set/brown/978-0-08-044854-1">Ringkasan</a> (6 February 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Salinan+arsip&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Language+%26+Linguistics&rft.pages=387-389&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB0-08-044854-2%2F01701-6&rft.isbn=978-0-08-044299-0&rft.aulast=Lim&rft.aufirst=L.&rft.au=Ansaldo%2C+U.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB0080448542017016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Templat:Subscription_or_libraries&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Templat:Subscription or libraries (halaman belum tersedia)">Templat:Subscription or libraries</a></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Maclagan, Margaret (2010). 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Dalam Kirkpatrick, Andy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/routledgehandboo00kirk">The Routledge handbook of world Englishes <noscript> <img alt="Akses gratis dibatasi (uji coba), biasanya perlu berlangganan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" data-alt="Akses gratis dibatasi (uji coba), biasanya perlu berlangganan" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a>. Routledge. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/routledgehandboo00kirk/page/n173">151</a>–164. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-203-84932-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-203-84932-3">978-0-203-84932-3</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://linguistlist.org/pubs/reviews/get-review.cfm?SubID%3D4525181">Ringkasan</a> (29 March 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+8%3A+The+English%28es%29+of+New+Zealand&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+handbook+of+world+Englishes&rft.pages=151-164&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-203-84932-3&rft.aulast=Maclagan&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Froutledgehandboo00kirk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">MacMahon, M. 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Dalam Bas Aarts; April McMahon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/handbookenglishl00mcma">The Handbook of English Linguistics <noscript> <img alt="Akses gratis dibatasi (uji coba), biasanya perlu berlangganan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" data-alt="Akses gratis dibatasi (uji coba), biasanya perlu berlangganan" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a>. Oxford: Blackwell. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/handbookenglishl00mcma/page/n372">359</a>–382. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9781405113823?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/9781405113823">9781405113823</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=16.+English+Phonetics&rft.btitle=The+Handbook+of+English+Linguistics&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=359-382&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781405113823&rft.aulast=MacMahon&rft.aufirst=M.+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhandbookenglishl00mcma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMacquarie_Dictionary2015" class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.macquariedictionary.com.au/">"Macquarie Dictionary" <noscript> <img alt="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" data-alt="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a>. 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The handbook of English linguistics.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=14+Current+Changes+in+English+Syntax&rft.btitle=The+handbook+of+English+linguistics&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Mair&rft.aufirst=C.&rft.au=Leech%2C+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Mair, Christian (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/twentiethcentury0000mair">Twentieth-century English: History, variation and standardization</a>. Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Twentieth-century+English%3A+History%2C+variation+and+standardization&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Mair&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftwentiethcentury0000mair&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Mazrui, Ali A.; Mazrui, Alamin (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D6lQTPxdYx8kC">The Power of Babel: Language and Governance in the African Experience</a>. University of Chicago Press. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-226-51429-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-226-51429-1">978-0-226-51429-1</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317200404/https://books.google.com/books?id%3D6lQTPxdYx8kC">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-17. Diakses tanggal 15 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/P/bo3618917.html">Ringkasan</a> (15 February 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Power+of+Babel%3A+Language+and+Governance+in+the+African+Experience&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-226-51429-1&rft.aulast=Mazrui&rft.aufirst=Ali+A.&rft.au=Mazrui%2C+Alamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6lQTPxdYx8kC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">McArthur, Tom, ed. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00mcar">The Oxford Companion to the English Language</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1093%252Facref%252F9780192800619.001.0001">10.1093/acref/9780192800619.001.0001</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-214183-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-214183-5">978-0-19-214183-5</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780192800619.001.0001/acref-9780192800619">Ringkasan</a> (15 February 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+the+English+Language&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facref%2F9780192800619.001.0001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-214183-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxfordcompaniont00mcar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">McCrum, Robert; MacNeil, Robert; Cran, William (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/storyofenglish0000mccr_c8l9">The Story of English</a> (edisi ke-Third Revised). London: Penguin Books. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-14-200231-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-14-200231-5">978-0-14-200231-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Story+of+English&rft.place=London&rft.edition=Third+Revised&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-14-200231-5&rft.aulast=McCrum&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=MacNeil%2C+Robert&rft.au=Cran%2C+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstoryofenglish0000mccr_c8l9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Diane_McGuinness&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Diane McGuinness (halaman belum tersedia)">McGuinness, Diane</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DF-q02ZBKh3wC">Why Our Children Can't Read, and what We Can Do about it: A Scientific Revolution in Reading</a>. Simon and Schuster. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-684-83161-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-684-83161-9">978-0-684-83161-9</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317200441/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DF-q02ZBKh3wC">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-17. Diakses tanggal 3 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://fee.org/freeman/detail/why-our-children-cant-read-and-what-we-can-do-about-it">Ringkasan</a> (3 April 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Why+Our+Children+Can%27t+Read%2C+and+what+We+Can+Do+about+it%3A+A+Scientific+Revolution+in+Reading&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-684-83161-9&rft.aulast=McGuinness&rft.aufirst=Diane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF-q02ZBKh3wC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Meierkord, C. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542006416">"Lingua Francas as Second Languages"</a>. Dalam Brown, Keith. Salinan arsip. Encyclopedia of language & linguistics. Elsevier. hlm. 163–171. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1016%252FB0-08-044854-2%252F00641-6">10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/00641-6</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-08-044299-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-08-044299-0">978-0-08-044299-0</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806025639/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542006416">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2020-08-06. Diakses tanggal 6 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.elsevier.com/books/encyclopedia-of-language-and-linguistics-14-volume-set/brown/978-0-08-044854-1">Ringkasan</a> (6 February 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Salinan+arsip&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+language+%26+linguistics&rft.pages=163-171&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB0-08-044854-2%2F00641-6&rft.isbn=978-0-08-044299-0&rft.aulast=Meierkord&rft.aufirst=C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB0080448542006416&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Templat:Subscription_or_libraries&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Templat:Subscription or libraries (halaman belum tersedia)">Templat:Subscription or libraries</a></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMerriam_Webster2015" class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/English">"English"</a>. Merriam-webster.com. 26 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150325140932/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/english">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2015-03-25. Diakses tanggal 26 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=English&rft.pub=Merriam-webster.com&rft.date=2015-02-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FEnglish&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Mesthrie, Rajend (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/sim_language-sciences_2010-11_32_6/page/594">"New Englishes and the native speaker debate"</a>. Language Sciences. 32 (6): 594–601. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1016%252Fj.langsci.2010.08.002">10.1016/j.langsci.2010.08.002</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0388-0001">0388-0001</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Language+Sciences&rft.atitle=New+Englishes+and+the+native+speaker+debate&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=594-601&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.langsci.2010.08.002&rft.issn=0388-0001&rft.aulast=Mesthrie&rft.aufirst=Rajend&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_language-sciences_2010-11_32_6%2Fpage%2F594&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Templat:Subscription_or_libraries&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Templat:Subscription or libraries (halaman belum tersedia)">Templat:Subscription or libraries</a></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Miller, Jim (2002). An Introduction to English Syntax. Edinburgh University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+English+Syntax&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Jim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Montgomery, M. (1993). "The Southern Accent—Alive and Well". Southern Cultures. 1 (1): 47–64. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1353%252Fscu.1993.0006">10.1353/scu.1993.0006</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Southern+Cultures&rft.atitle=The+Southern+Accent%E2%80%94Alive+and+Well&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=47-64&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fscu.1993.0006&rft.aulast=Montgomery&rft.aufirst=M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</li> <li><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Mountford, J. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542050185">"English Spelling: Rationale"</a>. Dalam Brown, Keith. Salinan arsip. Encyclopedia of language & linguistics. Elsevier. hlm. 156–159. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1016%252FB0-08-044854-2%252F05018-5">10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/05018-5</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-08-044299-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-08-044299-0">978-0-08-044299-0</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806025550/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542050185">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2020-08-06. Diakses tanggal 6 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.elsevier.com/books/encyclopedia-of-language-and-linguistics-14-volume-set/brown/978-0-08-044854-1">Ringkasan</a> (6 February 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Salinan+arsip&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+language+%26+linguistics&rft.pages=156-159&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB0-08-044854-2%2F05018-5&rft.isbn=978-0-08-044299-0&rft.aulast=Mountford&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB0080448542050185&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Templat:Subscription_or_libraries&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Templat:Subscription or libraries (halaman belum tersedia)">Templat:Subscription or libraries</a></li> <li><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Mufwene, S. S. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542012918">"Language Spread"</a>. Dalam Brown, Keith. Salinan arsip. Encyclopedia of language & linguistics. Elsevier. hlm. 613–616. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1016%252FB0-08-044854-2%252F01291-8">10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/01291-8</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-08-044299-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-08-044299-0">978-0-08-044299-0</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806025600/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542012918">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2020-08-06. Diakses tanggal 6 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.elsevier.com/books/encyclopedia-of-language-and-linguistics-14-volume-set/brown/978-0-08-044854-1">Ringkasan</a> (6 February 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Salinan+arsip&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+language+%26+linguistics&rft.pages=613-616&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB0-08-044854-2%2F01291-8&rft.isbn=978-0-08-044299-0&rft.aulast=Mufwene&rft.aufirst=S.+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB0080448542012918&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Templat:Subscription_or_libraries&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Templat:Subscription or libraries (halaman belum tersedia)">Templat:Subscription or libraries</a></li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Paul_Nation&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Paul Nation (halaman belum tersedia)">Nation, I. S. P.</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DsKqx8k8gYTkC">Learning Vocabulary in Another Language</a>. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 477. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-80498-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-80498-1">978-0-521-80498-1</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317200409/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DsKqx8k8gYTkC">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-17. Diakses tanggal 4 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/samples/cam031/2001269892.pdf">Ringkasan</a> (PDF) (4 February 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Learning+Vocabulary+in+Another+Language&rft.pages=477&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-521-80498-1&rft.aulast=Nation&rft.aufirst=I.+S.+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsKqx8k8gYTkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation web">National Records of Scotland (26 September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.scotlandscensus.gov.uk/news/census-2011-release-2a">"Census 2011: Release 2A"</a>. 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Salinan arsip. Encyclopedia of language & linguistics. Elsevier. hlm. 68–71. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1016%252FB0-08-044854-2%252F04574-0">10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/04574-0</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-08-044299-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-08-044299-0">978-0-08-044299-0</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806025639/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542045740">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2020-08-06. Diakses tanggal 6 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.elsevier.com/books/encyclopedia-of-language-and-linguistics-14-volume-set/brown/978-0-08-044854-1">Ringkasan</a> (6 February 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Salinan+arsip&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+language+%26+linguistics&rft.pages=68-71&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB0-08-044854-2%2F04574-0&rft.isbn=978-0-08-044299-0&rft.aulast=Neijt&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB0080448542045740&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Templat:Subscription_or_libraries&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Templat:Subscription or libraries (halaman belum tersedia)">Templat:Subscription or libraries</a></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Nevalainen, Terttu; Tieken-Boon van Ostade, Ingrid (2006). "Chapter 5: Standardization". Dalam Denison, David; Hogg, Richard M. A History of the English language. Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-71799-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-71799-1">978-0-521-71799-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+5%3A+Standardization&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+English+language&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-521-71799-1&rft.aulast=Nevalainen&rft.aufirst=Terttu&rft.au=Tieken-Boon+van+Ostade%2C+Ingrid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation web">Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20121224033625/http://www.nisra.gov.uk/Census/key_report_2011.pdf">"Census 2011: Key Statistics for Northern Ireland December 2012"</a> (PDF). Statistics Bulletin. Table KS207NI: Main Language. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.nisra.gov.uk/Census/key_report_2011.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 24 December 2012. Diakses tanggal 16 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Statistics+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Census+2011%3A+Key+Statistics+for+Northern+Ireland+December+2012&rft.pages=Table+KS207NI%3A+Main+Language&rft.date=2012&rft.au=Northern+Ireland+Statistics+and+Research+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nisra.gov.uk%2FCensus%2Fkey_report_2011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</li> <li><cite class="citation book">Northrup, David (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DYPAlPeB6IvQC">How English Became the Global Language</a>. Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-137-30306-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-137-30306-6">978-1-137-30306-6</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317200433/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DYPAlPeB6IvQC">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-17. Diakses tanggal 25 March 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.palgrave.com/page/detail/how-english-became-the-global-language-david-northrup/?K%3D9781137303066">Ringkasan</a> (25 March 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+English+Became+the+Global+Language&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-137-30306-6&rft.aulast=Northrup&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYPAlPeB6IvQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">O'Dwyer, Bernard (2006). Modern English Structures, second edition: Form, Function, and Position. 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Diakses tanggal 16 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=2011+Census+Analysis&rft.atitle=Language+in+England+and+Wales%2C+2011&rft.date=2013-03-04&rft.au=Office+for+National+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fons%2Frel%2Fcensus%2F2011-census-analysis%2Flanguage-in-england-and-wales-2011%2Frpt---language-in-england-and-wales--2011.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite id="CITEREFOxford_Learner's_Dictionary2015" class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/">"Oxford Learner's Dictionaries"</a>. Oxford. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150209040312/http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2015-02-09. Diakses tanggal 25 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oxford+Learner%27s+Dictionaries&rft.pub=Oxford&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Patrick, P. L. (2006a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542017600">"Jamaica: Language Situation"</a>. Dalam Brown, Keith. Salinan arsip. Encyclopedia of language & linguistics. Elsevier. hlm. 88–90. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1016%252FB0-08-044854-2%252F01760-0">10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/01760-0</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-08-044299-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-08-044299-0">978-0-08-044299-0</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806025554/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542017600">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2020-08-06. Diakses tanggal 6 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.elsevier.com/books/encyclopedia-of-language-and-linguistics-14-volume-set/brown/978-0-08-044854-1">Ringkasan</a> (6 February 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Salinan+arsip&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+language+%26+linguistics&rft.pages=88-90&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB0-08-044854-2%2F01760-0&rft.isbn=978-0-08-044299-0&rft.aulast=Patrick&rft.aufirst=P.+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB0080448542017600&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Templat:Subscription_or_libraries&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Templat:Subscription or libraries (halaman belum tersedia)">Templat:Subscription or libraries</a></li> <li><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Patrick, P. L. (2006b). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542050926">"English, African-American Vernacular"</a>. Dalam Brown, Keith. Salinan arsip. Encyclopedia of language & linguistics. Elsevier. hlm. 159–163. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1016%252FB0-08-044854-2%252F05092-6">10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/05092-6</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-08-044299-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-08-044299-0">978-0-08-044299-0</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806025630/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542050926">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2020-08-06. Diakses tanggal 6 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.elsevier.com/books/encyclopedia-of-language-and-linguistics-14-volume-set/brown/978-0-08-044854-1">Ringkasan</a> (6 February 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Salinan+arsip&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+language+%26+linguistics&rft.pages=159-163&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB0-08-044854-2%2F05092-6&rft.isbn=978-0-08-044299-0&rft.aulast=Patrick&rft.aufirst=P.+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB0080448542050926&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Templat:Subscription_or_libraries&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Templat:Subscription or libraries (halaman belum tersedia)">Templat:Subscription or libraries</a></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Payne, John; Huddleston, Rodney (2002). "5. Nouns and noun phrases". Dalam Huddleston, R.; Pullum, G. K. The Cambridge Grammar of English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. hlm. 323–522.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=5.+Nouns+and+noun+phrases&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Grammar+of+English&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=323-522&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Payne&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Huddleston%2C+Rodney&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Phillipson, Robert (28 April 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D9HiCAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA47">English-Only Europe?: Challenging Language Policy</a>. Routledge. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-134-44349-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-134-44349-9">978-1-134-44349-9</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317200434/https://books.google.com/books?id%3D9HiCAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA47">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-17. Diakses tanggal 15 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English-Only+Europe%3F%3A+Challenging+Language+Policy&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004-04-28&rft.isbn=978-1-134-44349-9&rft.aulast=Phillipson&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9HiCAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Richter, Ingo (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D3u9kBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA29">"Introduction"</a>. Dalam Richter, Dagmar; Richter, Ingo; Toivanen, Reeta; et al. Language Rights Revisited: The challenge of global migration and communication. BWV Verlag. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-8305-2809-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-8305-2809-8">978-3-8305-2809-8</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317200439/https://books.google.com/books?id%3D3u9kBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA29">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-17. Diakses tanggal 2 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=Language+Rights+Revisited%3A+The+challenge+of+global+migration+and+communication&rft.pub=BWV+Verlag&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-3-8305-2809-8&rft.aulast=Richter&rft.aufirst=Ingo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3u9kBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Roach, Peter (2009). English Phonetics and Phonology (edisi ke-4th). Cambridge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+Phonetics+and+Phonology&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Cambridge&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Roach&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Orrin_W._Robinson_(philologist)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Orrin W. Robinson (philologist) (halaman belum tersedia)">Robinson, Orrin</a> (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/oldenglishitsclo0000robi">Old English and Its Closest Relatives: A Survey of the Earliest Germanic Languages <noscript> <img alt="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" data-alt="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a>. Stanford University Press. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8047-2221-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8047-2221-6">978-0-8047-2221-6</a>. Diakses tanggal 5 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sup.org/books/title/?id%3D3026">Ringkasan</a> (5 April 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Old+English+and+Its+Closest+Relatives%3A+A+Survey+of+the+Earliest+Germanic+Languages&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-2221-6&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=Orrin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foldenglishitsclo0000robi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Romaine, Suzanne (1982). "English in Scotland". Dalam Bailey, Richard W.; Görlach, Manfred. English as a World Language. University of Michigan Press. hlm. 56–83. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-12-533872-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-12-533872-2">978-3-12-533872-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=English+in+Scotland&rft.btitle=English+as+a+World+Language&rft.pages=56-83&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-3-12-533872-2&rft.aulast=Romaine&rft.aufirst=Suzanne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Romaine, Suzanne (1999). "Chapter 1: Introduction". Dalam Romaine, Suzanne. Cambridge History of the English Language. 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(2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542006465">"Language Policy in Multilingual Educational Contexts"</a>. Dalam Brown, Keith. Salinan arsip. Encyclopedia of language & linguistics. Elsevier. hlm. 584–596. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1016%252FB0-08-044854-2%252F00646-5">10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/00646-5</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-08-044299-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-08-044299-0">978-0-08-044299-0</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806025554/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542006465">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2020-08-06. Diakses tanggal 6 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.elsevier.com/books/encyclopedia-of-language-and-linguistics-14-volume-set/brown/978-0-08-044854-1">Ringkasan</a> (6 February 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Salinan+arsip&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+language+%26+linguistics&rft.pages=584-596&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB0-08-044854-2%2F00646-5&rft.isbn=978-0-08-044299-0&rft.aulast=Romaine&rft.aufirst=S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB0080448542006465&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Templat:Subscription_or_libraries&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Templat:Subscription or libraries (halaman belum tersedia)">Templat:Subscription or libraries</a></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFThe_Routes_of_English" class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/routesofenglish/storysofar/programme4_6.shtml">"The Routes of English"</a>. 1 August 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20151024081346/http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/routesofenglish/storysofar/programme4_6.shtml">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2015-10-24. Diakses tanggal 2021-09-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Routes+of+English&rft.date=2015-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fradio4%2Froutesofenglish%2Fstorysofar%2Fprogramme4_6.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Rowicka, G. J. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542018484">"Canada: Language Situation"</a>. Dalam Brown, Keith. Salinan arsip. Encyclopedia of language & linguistics. Elsevier. hlm. 194–195. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1016%252FB0-08-044854-2%252F01848-4">10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/01848-4</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-08-044299-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-08-044299-0">978-0-08-044299-0</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806025543/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542018484">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2020-08-06. Diakses tanggal 6 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.elsevier.com/books/encyclopedia-of-language-and-linguistics-14-volume-set/brown/978-0-08-044854-1">Ringkasan</a> (6 February 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Salinan+arsip&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+language+%26+linguistics&rft.pages=194-195&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB0-08-044854-2%2F01848-4&rft.isbn=978-0-08-044299-0&rft.aulast=Rowicka&rft.aufirst=G.+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB0080448542018484&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Templat:Subscription_or_libraries&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Templat:Subscription or libraries (halaman belum tersedia)">Templat:Subscription or libraries</a></li> <li><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Rubino, C. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542017363">"Philippines: Language Situation"</a>. Dalam Brown, Keith. Salinan arsip. Encyclopedia of language & linguistics. Elsevier. hlm. 323–326. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1016%252FB0-08-044854-2%252F01736-3">10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/01736-3</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-08-044299-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-08-044299-0">978-0-08-044299-0</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806025632/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542017363">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2020-08-06. Diakses tanggal 6 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.elsevier.com/books/encyclopedia-of-language-and-linguistics-14-volume-set/brown/978-0-08-044854-1">Ringkasan</a> (6 February 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Salinan+arsip&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+language+%26+linguistics&rft.pages=323-326&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB0-08-044854-2%2F01736-3&rft.isbn=978-0-08-044299-0&rft.aulast=Rubino&rft.aufirst=C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB0080448542017363&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Templat:Subscription_or_libraries&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Templat:Subscription or libraries (halaman belum tersedia)">Templat:Subscription or libraries</a></li> <li><cite class="citation web">Ryan, Camille (August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160205101044/http://www.census.gov/prod/2013pubs/acs-22.pdf">"Language Use in the United States: 2011"</a> (PDF). American Community Survey Reports. hlm. 1. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.census.gov/prod/2013pubs/acs-22.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 5 February 2016. Diakses tanggal 16 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Community+Survey+Reports&rft.atitle=Language+Use+in+the+United+States%3A+2011&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2013-08&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=Camille&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprod%2F2013pubs%2Facs-22.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</li> <li><cite class="citation book">Sailaja, Pingali (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DntxWxuoRBiwC">Indian English</a>. Dialects of English. Edinburgh University Press. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7486-2595-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7486-2595-6">978-0-7486-2595-6</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317200426/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DntxWxuoRBiwC">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-17. Diakses tanggal 5 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://global.oup.com/academic/product/indian-english-9780748625949?cc%3Dus%26lang%3Den%26">Ringkasan</a> (5 April 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+English&rft.series=Dialects+of+English&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-7486-2595-6&rft.aulast=Sailaja&rft.aufirst=Pingali&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DntxWxuoRBiwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Schiffrin, Deborah (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dhs7J-WqPtPAC">Discourse Markers</a>. Studies in Interactional Sociolinguistics. Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-35718-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-35718-0">978-0-521-35718-0</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317200436/https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dhs7J-WqPtPAC">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-17. Diakses tanggal 5 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/languages-linguistics/sociolinguistics/discourse-markers">Ringkasan</a> (5 April 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Discourse+Markers&rft.series=Studies+in+Interactional+Sociolinguistics&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-521-35718-0&rft.aulast=Schiffrin&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dhs7J-WqPtPAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Schneider, Edgar (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DQIE6zGSd8okC">Postcolonial English: Varieties Around the World</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-53901-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-53901-2">978-0-521-53901-2</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317200423/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DQIE6zGSd8okC">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-17. Diakses tanggal 5 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/languages-linguistics/sociolinguistics/postcolonial-english-varieties-around-world">Ringkasan</a> (5 April 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Postcolonial+English%3A+Varieties+Around+the+World&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-521-53901-2&rft.aulast=Schneider&rft.aufirst=Edgar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQIE6zGSd8okC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Schönweitz, Thomas (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-speech_fall-2001_76_3/page/259">"Gender and Postvocalic /r/ in the American South: A Detailed Socioregional Analysis"</a>. American Speech. 76 (3): 259–285. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1215%252F00031283-76-3-259">10.1215/00031283-76-3-259</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Speech&rft.atitle=Gender+and+Postvocalic+%2Fr%2F+in+the+American+South%3A+A+Detailed+Socioregional+Analysis&rft.volume=76&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=259-285&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1215%2F00031283-76-3-259&rft.aulast=Sch%C3%B6nweitz&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_american-speech_fall-2001_76_3%2Fpage%2F259&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</li> <li><cite class="citation book">Shaywitz, Sally E. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DhXbZ1QInSF0C">Overcoming Dyslexia: A New and Complete Science-based Program for Reading Problems at Any Level</a>. A.A. Knopf. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-375-40012-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-375-40012-4">978-0-375-40012-4</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317200441/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DhXbZ1QInSF0C">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-17. Diakses tanggal 3 April 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://dyslexia.yale.edu/book_Overcoming.html">Ringkasan</a> (3 April 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Overcoming+Dyslexia%3A+A+New+and+Complete+Science-based+Program+for+Reading+Problems+at+Any+Level&rft.pub=A.A.+Knopf&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-375-40012-4&rft.aulast=Shaywitz&rft.aufirst=Sally+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhXbZ1QInSF0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation news">Sheidlower, Jesse (10 April 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.slate.com/id/2139611/">"How many words are there in English?"</a>. Slate Magazine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110916170635/http://www.slate.com/id/2139611/">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2011-09-16. Diakses tanggal 2 April 2015. <q>The problem with trying to number the words in any language is that it's very hard to agree on the basics. For example, what is a word?</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Slate+Magazine&rft.atitle=How+many+words+are+there+in+English%3F&rft.date=2006-04-10&rft.aulast=Sheidlower&rft.aufirst=Jesse&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slate.com%2Fid%2F2139611%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Scheler, Manfred (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DGchZAAAAMAAJ">Der englische Wortschatz [English Vocabulary]</a> (dalam bahasa Jerman). Berlin: E. Schmidt. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-503-01250-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-503-01250-3">978-3-503-01250-3</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317200424/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DGchZAAAAMAAJ">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-17. Diakses tanggal 2021-09-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Der+englische+Wortschatz+%5BEnglish+Vocabulary%5D&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=E.+Schmidt&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-3-503-01250-3&rft.aulast=Scheler&rft.aufirst=Manfred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGchZAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Smith, Jeremy J. (2009). Old English: a linguistic introduction. Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-86677-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-86677-4">978-0-521-86677-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Old+English%3A+a+linguistic+introduction&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-521-86677-4&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Jeremy+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation web">Statistics Canada (22 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/lang/Pages/highlight.cfm?TabID%3D1%26Lang%3DE%26Asc%3D0%26PRCode%3D01%26OrderBy%3D2%26View%3D1%26tableID%3D401%26queryID%3D1%26Age%3D1%23TableSummary">"Population by mother tongue and age groups (total), 2011 counts, for Canada, provinces and territories"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20180726032921/http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2011/dp-pd/hlt-fst/lang/Pages/highlight.cfm?TabID%3D1%26Lang%3DE%26Asc%3D0%26PRCode%3D01%26OrderBy%3D2%26View%3D1%26tableID%3D401%26queryID%3D1%26Age%3D1%23TableSummary">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2018-07-26. Diakses tanggal 25 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+by+mother+tongue+and+age+groups+%28total%29%2C+2011+counts%2C+for+Canada%2C+provinces+and+territories&rft.date=2014-08-22&rft.au=Statistics+Canada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2011%2Fdp-pd%2Fhlt-fst%2Flang%2FPages%2Fhighlight.cfm%3FTabID%3D1%26Lang%3DE%26Asc%3D0%26PRCode%3D01%26OrderBy%3D2%26View%3D1%26tableID%3D401%26queryID%3D1%26Age%3D1%23TableSummary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation web">Statistics New Zealand (April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150115195639/http://www.stats.govt.nz/~/media/Statistics/Census/2013">"2013 QuickStats About Culture and Identity"</a>. hlm. 23. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.stats.govt.nz/~/media/Statistics/Census/2013">Census/profile-and-summary-reports/quickstats-culture-identity/quickstats-culture-identity.pdf versi asli</a> Periksa nilai <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#bad_url" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) (PDF) tanggal 2015-01-15. Diakses tanggal 25 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2013+QuickStats+About+Culture+and+Identity&rft.pages=23&rft.date=2014-04&rft.au=Statistics+New+Zealand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.govt.nz%2F~%2Fmedia%2FStatistics%2FCensus%2F2013+Census%2Fprofile-and-summary-reports%2Fquickstats-culture-identity%2Fquickstats-culture-identity.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</li> <li><cite id="CITEREFStatistics_South_Africa2012" class="citation book">Lehohla, Pali, ed. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20151113164744/http://www.statssa.gov.za/census/census_2011/census_products/Census_2011_Census_in_brief.pdf">"Population by first language spoken and province"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.statssa.gov.za/census/census_2011/census_products/Census_2011_Census_in_brief.pdf">Census 2011: Census in Brief</a> (PDF). Pretoria: Statistics South Africa. hlm. 23. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-621-41388-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-621-41388-5">978-0-621-41388-5</a>. Report No. 03‑01‑41. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.statssa.gov.za/census/census_2011/census_products/Census_2011_Census_in_brief.pdf%23page%3D28">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 13 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Population+by+first+language+spoken+and+province&rft.btitle=Census+2011%3A+Census+in+Brief&rft.place=Pretoria&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Statistics+South+Africa&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-621-41388-5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statssa.gov.za%2Fcensus%2Fcensus_2011%2Fcensus_products%2FCensus_2011_Census_in_brief.pdf%23page%3D28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</li> <li><cite class="citation book">Svartvik, Jan; Leech, Geoffrey (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/englishonetongue0000svar">English – One Tongue, Many Voices <noscript> <img alt="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 9px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" data-alt="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)" data-width="9" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a>. Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4039-1830-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4039-1830-7">978-1-4039-1830-7</a>. Diakses tanggal 5 March 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://linguistlist.org/pubs/reviews/get-review.cfm?SubID%3D116884">Ringkasan</a> (16 March 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+%E2%80%93+One+Tongue%2C+Many+Voices&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-4039-1830-7&rft.aulast=Svartvik&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft.au=Leech%2C+Geoffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fenglishonetongue0000svar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Swan, M. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542050586">"English in the Present Day (Since ca. 1900)"</a>. Dalam Brown, Keith. Salinan arsip. Encyclopedia of language & linguistics. Elsevier. hlm. 149–156. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1016%252FB0-08-044854-2%252F05058-6">10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/05058-6</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-08-044299-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-08-044299-0">978-0-08-044299-0</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806025601/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542050586">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2020-08-06. Diakses tanggal 6 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.elsevier.com/books/encyclopedia-of-language-and-linguistics-14-volume-set/brown/978-0-08-044854-1">Ringkasan</a> (6 February 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Salinan+arsip&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+language+%26+linguistics&rft.pages=149-156&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB0-08-044854-2%2F05058-6&rft.isbn=978-0-08-044299-0&rft.aulast=Swan&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB0080448542050586&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Templat:Subscription_or_libraries&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Templat:Subscription or libraries (halaman belum tersedia)">Templat:Subscription or libraries</a></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Sweet, Henry (2014) [1892]. A New English Grammar. Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+New+English+Grammar&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Sweet&rft.aufirst=Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Thomas, Erik R. (2008). "Rural Southern white accents". Dalam Edgar W. Schneider. Varieties of English. 2: The Americas and the Caribbean. de Gruyter. hlm. 87–114. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1515%252F9783110208405.1.87">10.1515/9783110208405.1.87</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-11-020840-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-11-020840-5">978-3-11-020840-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rural+Southern+white+accents&rft.btitle=Varieties+of+English&rft.pages=87-114&rft.pub=de+Gruyter&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9783110208405.1.87&rft.isbn=978-3-11-020840-5&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Erik+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book"><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sarah_Thomason&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sarah Thomason (halaman belum tersedia)">Thomason, Sarah G.</a>; <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Terrence_Kaufman&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Terrence Kaufman (halaman belum tersedia)">Kaufman, Terrence</a> (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/rosettaproject_afr_detail-2">Language Contact, Creolization and Genetic Linguistics</a>. University of California Press. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-520-91279-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-520-91279-3">978-0-520-91279-3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language+Contact%2C+Creolization+and+Genetic+Linguistics&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-520-91279-3&rft.aulast=Thomason&rft.aufirst=Sarah+G.&rft.au=Kaufman%2C+Terrence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frosettaproject_afr_detail-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Todd, Loreto (1982). "The English language in West Africa". Dalam Bailey, Richard W.; Görlach, Manfred. English as a World Language. University of Michigan Press. hlm. 281–305. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-12-533872-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-12-533872-2">978-3-12-533872-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+English+language+in+West+Africa&rft.btitle=English+as+a+World+Language&rft.pages=281-305&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-3-12-533872-2&rft.aulast=Todd&rft.aufirst=Loreto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Toon, Thomas E. (1982). "Variation in Contemporary American English". Dalam Bailey, Richard W.; Görlach, Manfred. English as a World Language. University of Michigan Press. hlm. 210–250. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-12-533872-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-12-533872-2">978-3-12-533872-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Variation+in+Contemporary+American+English&rft.btitle=English+as+a+World+Language&rft.pages=210-250&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-3-12-533872-2&rft.aulast=Toon&rft.aufirst=Thomas+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Toon, Thomas E. (1992). "Old English Dialects". Dalam Hogg, Richard M. The Cambridge History of the English Language. 1: The Beginnings to 1066. Cambridge University Press. hlm. 409–451. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-26474-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-26474-7">978-0-521-26474-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Old+English+Dialects&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+the+English+Language&rft.pages=409-451&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-521-26474-7&rft.aulast=Toon&rft.aufirst=Thomas+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Trask, Larry; Trask, Robert Lawrence (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D9qoZzBgCmFMC">Why Do Languages Change?</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-521-83802-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-521-83802-3">978-0-521-83802-3</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317200449/https://books.google.com/books?id%3D9qoZzBgCmFMC">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2023-03-17. Diakses tanggal 5 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Why+Do+Languages+Change%3F&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-521-83802-3&rft.aulast=Trask&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft.au=Trask%2C+Robert+Lawrence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9qoZzBgCmFMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Trudgill, Peter (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/dialectsofenglan0000trud_f6f5">The Dialects of England</a> (edisi ke-2nd). Oxford: Blackwell. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-631-21815-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-631-21815-9">978-0-631-21815-9</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0631218157.html">Ringkasan</a> (27 March 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dialects+of+England&rft.place=Oxford&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-631-21815-9&rft.aulast=Trudgill&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdialectsofenglan0000trud_f6f5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Trudgill, P. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542015066">"Accent"</a>. Dalam Brown, Keith. Salinan arsip. Encyclopedia of language & linguistics. Elsevier. hlm. 14. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1016%252FB0-08-044854-2%252F01506-6">10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/01506-6</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-08-044299-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-08-044299-0">978-0-08-044299-0</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806025601/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542015066">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2020-08-06. Diakses tanggal 6 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.elsevier.com/books/encyclopedia-of-language-and-linguistics-14-volume-set/brown/978-0-08-044854-1">Ringkasan</a> (6 February 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Salinan+arsip&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+language+%26+linguistics&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB0-08-044854-2%2F01506-6&rft.isbn=978-0-08-044299-0&rft.aulast=Trudgill&rft.aufirst=P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB0080448542015066&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Templat:Subscription_or_libraries&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Templat:Subscription or libraries (halaman belum tersedia)">Templat:Subscription or libraries</a></li> <li><cite class="citation book">Trudgill, Peter; Hannah, Jean (2002). International English: A Guide to the Varieties of Standard English (edisi ke-4th). London: Hodder Education. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-340-80834-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-340-80834-4">978-0-340-80834-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+English%3A+A+Guide+to+the+Varieties+of+Standard+English&rft.place=London&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Hodder+Education&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-340-80834-4&rft.aulast=Trudgill&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Hannah%2C+Jean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Trudgill, Peter; Hannah, Jean (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402131243/http://www.tandf.net/books/details/9780340971611/">International English: A Guide to the Varieties of Standard English</a> (edisi ke-5th). London: Arnold. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-340-97161-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-340-97161-1">978-0-340-97161-1</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3De8u8MR8MNaEC">versi asli</a> tanggal 2 April 2015. Diakses tanggal 26 March 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.tandf.net/books/details/9780340971611/">Ringkasan</a> (26 March 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+English%3A+A+Guide+to+the+Varieties+of+Standard+English&rft.place=London&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Arnold&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-340-97161-1&rft.aulast=Trudgill&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Hannah%2C+Jean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3De8u8MR8MNaEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation web">United Nations (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.un.org/wcm/webdav/site/visitors/shared/documents/pdfs/Pub_United">Nations_Everything U Always wanted to know.pdf "Everything You Always Wanted to Know About the United Nations"</a> Periksa nilai <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url=</code> (<a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#bad_url" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) (PDF). Diakses tanggal 4 April 2015. <q>The working languages at the UN Secretariat are English and French.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Everything+You+Always+Wanted+to+Know+About+the+United+Nations&rft.date=2008&rft.au=United+Nations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fwcm%2Fwebdav%2Fsite%2Fvisitors%2Fshared%2Fdocuments%2Fpdfs%2FPub_United+Nations_Everything+U+Always+wanted+to+know.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Wardhaugh, Ronald (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/introductiontoso0000ward_i6k0">An Introduction to Sociolinguistics</a>. Blackwell textbooks in Linguistics; 4 (edisi ke-Sixth). Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4051-8668-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4051-8668-1">978-1-4051-8668-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Sociolinguistics&rft.series=Blackwell+textbooks+in+Linguistics%3B+4&rft.edition=Sixth&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-8668-1&rft.aulast=Wardhaugh&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintroductiontoso0000ward_i6k0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><cite class="citation book">Watts, Richard J. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195327601.001.0001/acprof-9780195327601">Language Myths and the History of English</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1093%252Facprof%253Aoso%252F9780195327601.001.0001">10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195327601.001.0001</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-532760-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-532760-1">978-0-19-532760-1</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318165831/http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195327601.001.0001/acprof-9780195327601">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2015-03-18. Diakses tanggal 10 March 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://linguistlist.org/pubs/reviews/get-review.cfm?SubID%3D4544145">Ringkasan</a> (10 March 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language+Myths+and+the+History+of+English&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780195327601.001.0001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-532760-1&rft.aulast=Watts&rft.aufirst=Richard+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordscholarship.com%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780195327601.001.0001%2Facprof-9780195327601&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> </li> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Templat:Accents_of_English&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Templat:Accents of English (halaman belum tersedia)">Templat:Accents of English</a></li> <li><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Wojcik, R. H. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542050811">"Controlled Languages"</a>. Dalam Brown, Keith. Salinan arsip. Encyclopedia of language & linguistics. Elsevier. hlm. 139–142. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1016%252FB0-08-044854-2%252F05081-1">10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/05081-1</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-08-044299-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-08-044299-0">978-0-08-044299-0</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806025557/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542050811">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2020-08-06. Diakses tanggal 6 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.elsevier.com/books/encyclopedia-of-language-and-linguistics-14-volume-set/brown/978-0-08-044854-1">Ringkasan</a> (6 February 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Salinan+arsip&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+language+%26+linguistics&rft.pages=139-142&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB0-08-044854-2%2F05081-1&rft.isbn=978-0-08-044299-0&rft.aulast=Wojcik&rft.aufirst=R.+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB0080448542050811&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Templat:Subscription_or_libraries&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Templat:Subscription or libraries (halaman belum tersedia)">Templat:Subscription or libraries</a></li> <li><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Wolfram, W. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542042565">"Variation and Language: Overview"</a>. Dalam Brown, Keith. Salinan arsip. Encyclopedia of language & linguistics. Elsevier. hlm. 333–341. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://doi.org/10.1016%252FB0-08-044854-2%252F04256-5">10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/04256-5</a>. <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-08-044299-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-08-044299-0">978-0-08-044299-0</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806025635/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0080448542042565">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2020-08-06. Diakses tanggal 6 February 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.elsevier.com/books/encyclopedia-of-language-and-linguistics-14-volume-set/brown/978-0-08-044854-1">Ringkasan</a> (6 February 2015).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Salinan+arsip&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+language+%26+linguistics&rft.pages=333-341&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB0-08-044854-2%2F04256-5&rft.isbn=978-0-08-044299-0&rft.aulast=Wolfram&rft.aufirst=W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB0080448542042565&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Inggris" class="Z3988"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Templat:Subscription_or_libraries&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Templat:Subscription or libraries (halaman belum tersedia)">Templat:Subscription or libraries</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"> <h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <ul> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Sederhana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Bahasa Inggris Sederhana">Bahasa Inggris Sederhana</a></li> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sejarah_bahasa_Inggris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sejarah bahasa Inggris">Sejarah bahasa Inggris</a></li> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Kuno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Inggris Kuno">Bahasa Inggris Kuno</a></li> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris_Pertengahan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bahasa Inggris Pertengahan">Bahasa Inggris Pertengahan</a></li> <li><a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/TOEFL?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="TOEFL">TOEFL</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"> <h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23035139">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style> <div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 37px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="40" data-height="37" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> juga mempunyai <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="en:">edisi Bahasa Inggris</a> </div> </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23035139"> <div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/37px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1089"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 37px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/37px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="37" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/55px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Wiktionary-logo-en.svg/73px-Wiktionary-logo-en.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"> Lihat entri <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/bahasa_inggris" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/bahasa inggris">bahasa inggris</a> di kamus bebas Wiktionary. </div> </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23035139"> <div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782729"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="40" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"> <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikibooks?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikibooks">Wikibooks</a> memiliki buku di: <div style="margin-left:10px;"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikibooks.org/wiki/id:Panduan_Berbahasa_Inggris" class="extiw" title="b:id:Panduan Berbahasa Inggris">Panduan Berbahasa Inggris</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Umum">Umum</h3> </div> <ul> <li>(Inggris) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code%3Deng">Laporan Ethnologue - bahasa Inggris</a></li> <li>(Inggris) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/routesofenglish/index.shtml">BBC - Radio 4 - Routes of English</a></li> <li>(Inggris) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.englishtenseswithcartoons.com">Penjelasan singkat mengenai penggunaan tense</a></li> <li>(Inggris) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ego4u.com/">English Grammar Online</a> - latihan, penjelasan dan permainan gratis</li> <li>(Inggris) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.eslbase.com/">TEFL</a> - Teaching English as a Foreign Language - informasi mengenai pengajaran Bahasa Inggris sebagai Bahasa Asing</li> <li>(Inggris) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.omni-translation.com/belajar-bahasa-inggeris/">Konsep Asas Bahasa Inggeris</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125030834/http://www.omni-translation.com/belajar-bahasa-inggeris/">Diarsipkan</a> 2016-01-25 di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li>(Inggris) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.LanguageMonitor.com">LanguageMonitor</a> - Lembaga pengawas pemakaian bahasa Inggris kontemporer</li> <li>(Inggris) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.vec.ca/english/1/english.cfm">Perkembangan Bahasa Inggris</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20040722195930/http://www.vec.ca/english/1/english.cfm">Diarsipkan</a> 2004-07-22 di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Kamus">Kamus</h3> </div> <ul> <li>(Inggris) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://dictionary.cambridge.org">Cambridge Dictionary</a></li> <li>(Inggris) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.dictionary.com/">Dictionary.com</a></li> <li>(Inggris) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ldoceonline.com">Longman English Dictionary</a></li> <li>(Inggris) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://itcansay.com">More than 20000 English words recorded by a native speaker</a></li> <li>(Inggris) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com">Oxford Learner's Dictionary</a></li> <li>(Inggris) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wordweb.info/">WordWeb</a></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Tesaurus">Tesaurus</h3> </div> <ul> <li>(Inggris) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.thesaurus.com/">Thesaurus.com</a></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Esai">Esai</h3> </div> <ul> <li>(Indonesia) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ef.co.id/englishfirst/englishstudy/writing/belajar-menulis-essay-bahasa-inggris.aspx">Belajar Menulis Essay Bahasa Inggris</a></li> <li>(Inggris) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikihow.com/Write-an-English-Essay">How to Write an English Essay</a></li> <li>(Inggris) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://esl.about.com/cs/writing/ht/ht_essay.htm">How To Write an Essay</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121061439/http://esl.about.com/cs/writing/ht/ht_essay.htm">Diarsipkan</a> 2016-11-21 di <a href="https://id-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li>(Inggris) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://study.com/academy/lesson/how-to-write-a-great-essay-quickly.html">How to Write a Great Essay Quickly</a></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Intonasi">Intonasi</h3> </div> <ul> <li>(Inggris) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ipc.hokusei.ac.jp/~z00419/Frame-RiseFall.html">Example English intonation + audio</a></li> </ul> <div class="navbox-styles"> <style 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D1%258B%25D0%25B7_%25D0%25B1%25D1%258B%25D0%25B7%25D1%2588%25D3%2599%25D0%25B0" title="Англыз бызшәа – Abkhaz" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Англыз бызшәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhaz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Inggr%25C3%25A9h" title="Basa Inggréh – Aceh" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Basa Inggréh" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Aceh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B6%25D1%258B%25D0%25BB%25D1%258B%25D0%25B7%25D1%258B%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B7%25D1%258D" title="Инджылызыбзэ – Adygei" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Инджылызыбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adygei" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгабзэ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engels" title="Engels – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Engels" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache – Jerman (Swiss)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Englische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman (Swiss)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%258A%25A5%25E1%258A%2595%25E1%258C%258D%25E1%2588%258A%25E1%258B%259D%25E1%258A%259B" title="እንግሊዝኛ – Amharik" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="እንግሊዝኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharik" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikiris_a_sowal" title="Ikiris a sowal – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Ikiris a sowal" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_angl%25C3%25A9s" title="Idioma anglés – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma anglés" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niwenglisc_spr%25C3%25A6c" title="Niwenglisc spræc – Inggris Kuno" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Niwenglisc spræc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Inggris Kuno" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2585%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A5%2580_%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B7%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="अंग्रेजी भाषा – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="अंग्रेजी भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2584%25D8%25BA%25D8%25A9_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A5%25D9%2586%25D8%25AC%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D8%25B2%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9" title="اللغة الإنجليزية – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الإنجليزية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DC%25A0%25DC%25AB%25DC%25A2%25DC%2590_%25DC%2590%25DC%25A2%25DC%2593%25DC%25A0%25DC%259D%25DC%2590" title="ܠܫܢܐ ܐܢܓܠܝܐ – Aram" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܠܫܢܐ ܐܢܓܠܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aram" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2586%25DD%25A3%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D8%25B2%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9" title="نݣليزية – Arab Maroko" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="نݣليزية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25AC%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D8%25B2%25D9%2589" title="انجليزى – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="انجليزى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%2587%25E0%25A6%2582%25E0%25A7%25B0%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%259C%25E0%25A7%2580_%25E0%25A6%25AD%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B7%25E0%25A6%25BE" title="ইংৰাজী ভাষা – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ইংৰাজী ভাষা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_ingl%25C3%25A9s" title="Idioma inglés – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma inglés" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D3%2580" title="Ингилис мацӀ – Avar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Ингилис мацӀ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2585%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A5%2580_%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B7%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="अंग्रेजी भाषा – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="अंग्रेजी भाषा" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inlish_aru" title="Inlish aru – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Inlish aru" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%25B0ngilis_dili" title="İngilis dili – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İngilis dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C%25D9%2586%25DA%25AF%25DB%258C%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3_%25D8%25AF%25DB%258C%25D9%2584%25DB%258C" title="اینگیلیس دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اینگیلیس دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7_%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5" title="Инглиз теле – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Инглиз теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Inggris" title="Basa Inggris – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Basa Inggris" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englische_Sproch" title="Englische Sproch – Bavaria" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Englische Sproch" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavaria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onglu_kalba" title="Onglu kalba – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Onglu kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hata_Inggris" title="Hata Inggris – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Hata Inggris" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Toba</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tataramon_na_Ingles" title="Tataramon na Ingles – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tataramon na Ingles" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D0%25B9%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0" title="Англійская мова – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Англійская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0" title="Ангельская мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ангельская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Inggris" title="Basa Inggris – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Basa Inggris" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8_%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA" title="Английски език – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Английски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2585%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A5%2580" title="अंग्रेजी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="अंग्रेजी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglis" title="Inglis – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Inglis" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Inggris" title="Basa Inggris – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Basa Inggris" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%25A1%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%2580%25E1%2580%259C%25E1%2580%25B1%25E1%2580%2590%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2598%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2582%258F%25E1%2580%259E%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2582%258F%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%259D%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BD%25E1%2580%25AB" title="အိန်းကလေတ်ဘာႏသာႏငဝ်းငွါ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="အိန်းကလေတ်ဘာႏသာႏငဝ်းငွါ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angil%25C9%259Bkan" title="Angilɛkan – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Angilɛkan" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%2587%25E0%25A6%2582%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%259C%25E0%25A6%25BF_%25E0%25A6%25AD%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B7%25E0%25A6%25BE" title="ইংরেজি ভাষা – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইংরেজি ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BD%2591%25E0%25BD%2596%25E0%25BE%25B1%25E0%25BD%25B2%25E0%25BD%2593%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A1%25E0%25BD%25B2%25E0%25BD%2582" title="དབྱིན་ཡིག – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="དབྱིན་ཡིག" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%2587%25E0%25A6%2582%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A7%2587%25E0%25A6%259C%25E0%25A6%25BF_%25E0%25A6%25A0%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B0" title="ইংরেজি ঠার – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ইংরেজি ঠার" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saozneg" title="Saozneg – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Saozneg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engleski_jezik" title="Engleski jezik – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Engleski jezik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saro_Inggeris" title="Saro Inggeris – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Saro Inggeris" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Mandailing</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25A8%2585%25E1%25A8%2594_%25E1%25A8%2595%25E1%25A8%2597%25E1%25A8%258B%25E1%25A8%2597%25E1%25A8%2594%25E1%25A8%2597" title="ᨅᨔ ᨕᨗᨋᨗᨔᨗ – Bugis" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨅᨔ ᨕᨗᨋᨗᨔᨗ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="Bugis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Ugi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8_%25D1%2585%25D1%258D%25D0%25BB%25D1%258D%25D0%25BD" title="Англи хэлэн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Англи хэлэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angl%25C3%25A8s" title="Anglès – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Anglès" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_Ingl%25C3%25A9s" title="Lengua Inglés – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Lengua Inglés" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%25ACng-ng%25E1%25B9%25B3%25CC%2584" title="Ĭng-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Ĭng-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D1%2582%25D1%2582" title="Ингалсан мотт – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ингалсан мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iningles" title="Iningles – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Iningles" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%258E%25A9%25E1%258E%25B5%25E1%258F%258F_%25E1%258E%25A6%25E1%258F%25AC%25E1%258F%2582%25E1%258E%25AF%25E1%258F%258D%25E1%258F%2597" title="ᎩᎵᏏ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎩᎵᏏ ᎦᏬᏂᎯᏍᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%25C3%25A9%2527ho%2527%25C3%25A9nestse" title="Vé'ho'énestse – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Vé'ho'énestse" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tsetsêhestâhese</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B2%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DB%258C_%25D8%25A6%25DB%258C%25D9%2586%25DA%25AF%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D8%25B2%25DB%258C" title="زمانی ئینگلیزی – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی ئینگلیزی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_inglese" title="Lingua inglese – Korsika" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Lingua inglese" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsika" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%25B0ngliz_tili" title="İngliz tili – Tatar Krimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="İngliz tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Tatar Krimea" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angli%25C4%258Dtina" title="Angličtina – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Angličtina" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anielsczi_j%25C3%25A3z%25C3%25ABk" title="Anielsczi jãzëk – Kashubia" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Anielsczi jãzëk" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D1%2597%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D1%258A_%25D1%25A9%25EA%2599%2581%25EA%2599%2591%25D0%25BA%25D1%258A" title="Англїискъ ѩꙁꙑкъ – Bahasa Gereja Slavonia" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Англїискъ ѩꙁꙑкъ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Bahasa Gereja Slavonia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BA%25C4%2583%25D0%25BB%25D1%2587%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD_%25D1%2587%25C4%2595%25D0%25BB%25D1%2585%25D0%25B8" title="Акăлчан чĕлхи – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Акăлчан чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saesneg" title="Saesneg – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Saesneg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engelsk_(sprog)" title="Engelsk (sprog) – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Engelsk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siliminsili" title="Siliminsili – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Siliminsili" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Englische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%25B0ng%25C4%25B1l%25C4%25B1zki" title="İngılızki – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="İngılızki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engel%25C5%25A1%25C4%2587ina" title="Engelšćina – Sorbia Hilir" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Engelšćina" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Sorbia Hilir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boros_Inggeris" title="Boros Inggeris – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Boros Inggeris" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kadazandusun</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2585%25E0%25A4%2599%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A5%2580_%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B7%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="अङरेजी भाषा – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="अङरेजी भाषा" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DE%2587%25DE%25A8%25DE%2582%25DE%258E%25DE%25A8%25DE%2583%25DE%25AD%25DE%2590%25DE%25A8" title="އިނގިރޭސި – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އިނގިރޭސި" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BD%25A8%25E0%25BD%25B2%25E0%25BD%2584%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A3%25E0%25BD%25B2%25E0%25BD%25A4" title="ཨིང་ལིཤ – Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ཨིང་ལིཤ" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target">ཇོང་ཁ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%25C5%258Blisigbe" title="Eŋlisigbe – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Eŋlisigbe" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2591%25CE%25B3%25CE%25B3%25CE%25BB%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BA%25CE%25AE_%25CE%25B3%25CE%25BB%25CF%258E%25CF%2583%25CF%2583%25CE%25B1" title="Αγγλική γλώσσα – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αγγλική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingl%25C3%25A9s" title="Inglés – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Inglés" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language" title="English language – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="English language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angla_lingvo" title="Angla lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Angla lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_ingl%25C3%25A9s" title="Idioma inglés – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma inglés" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglise_keel" title="Inglise keel – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Inglise keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingeles" title="Ingeles – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ingeles" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_ingresa" title="Lengua ingresa – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Lengua ingresa" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586_%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DA%25AF%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C" title="زبان انگلیسی – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان انگلیسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englannin_kieli" title="Englannin kieli – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Englannin kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingl%25C3%25BCse_kiil" title="Inglüse kiil – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Inglüse kiil" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vosa_Vakavalagi" title="Vosa Vakavalagi – Fiji" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Vosa Vakavalagi" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enskt_m%25C3%25A1l" title="Enskt mál – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Enskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglais" title="Anglais – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Anglais" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angll%25C3%25A8s" title="Angllès – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Angllès" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingelsk_spriak" title="Ingelsk spriak – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ingelsk spriak" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenghe_inglese" title="Lenghe inglese – Friuli" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Lenghe inglese" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingelsk" title="Ingelsk – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ingelsk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_B%25C3%25A9arla" title="An Béarla – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Béarla" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%25B0ngiliz_dili" title="İngiliz dili – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="İngiliz dili" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%258B%25B1%25E8%25AA%259E" title="英語 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="英語" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anngl%25C3%25A9" title="Annglé – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Annglé" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beurla" title="Beurla – Gaelik Skotlandia" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Beurla" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaelik Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua inglesa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%258A%25D9%2586%25DA%25AF%25D9%258A%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D8%25B3%25D9%258A_%25D8%25B2%25D9%2588%25D8%25A4%25D9%2586" title="اينگيليسي زوؤن – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="اينگيليسي زوؤن" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingle%25C3%25B1e%2527%25E1%25BA%25BD" title="Ingleñe'ẽ – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ingleñe'ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglez" title="Inglez – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Inglez" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25F0%2590%258C%25B0%25F0%2590%258C%25B2%25F0%2590%258C%25B2%25F0%2590%258C%25B9%25F0%2590%258C%25BB%25F0%2590%258C%25B0%25F0%2590%258D%2582%25F0%2590%258C%25B0%25F0%2590%258C%25B6%25F0%2590%258C%25B3%25F0%2590%258C%25B0" title="𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰 – Gotik" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌹𐌻𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gotik" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AA%2585%25E0%25AA%2582%25E0%25AA%2597%25E0%25AB%258D%25E0%25AA%25B0%25E0%25AB%2587%25E0%25AA%259C%25E0%25AB%2580_%25E0%25AA%25AD%25E0%25AA%25BE%25E0%25AA%25B7%25E0%25AA%25BE" title="અંગ્રેજી ભાષા – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="અંગ્રેજી ભાષા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://guc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ink%25C3%25BCleenaiki" title="Inküleenaiki – Wayuu" lang="guc" hreflang="guc" data-title="Inküleenaiki" data-language-autonym="Wayuunaiki" data-language-local-name="Wayuu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wayuunaiki</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baarle" title="Baarle – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Baarle" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turanci" title="Turanci – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Turanci" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%25C3%25AEn-ng%25C3%25AE" title="Yîn-ngî – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Yîn-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CA%25BB%25C5%258Clelo_Pelekania" title="ʻŌlelo Pelekania – Hawaii" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻŌlelo Pelekania" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaii" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2590%25D7%25A0%25D7%2592%25D7%259C%25D7%2599%25D7%25AA" title="אנגלית – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אנגלית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2585%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A4%25BC%25E0%25A5%2580_%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B7%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="अंग्रेज़ी भाषा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अंग्रेज़ी भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_bhasa" title="English bhasa – Hindi Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="English bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Hindi Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engleski_jezik" title="Engleski jezik – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Engleski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jend%25C5%25BAel%25C5%25A1%25C4%2587ina" title="Jendźelšćina – Sorbia Hulu" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Jendźelšćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Sorbia Hulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lang_angle" title="Lang angle – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lang angle" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angol_nyelv" title="Angol nyelv – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Angol nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25B1%25D5%25B6%25D5%25A3%25D5%25AC%25D5%25A5%25D6%2580%25D5%25A5%25D5%25B6" title="Անգլերեն – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Անգլերեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25B1%25D5%25B6%25D5%25A3%25D5%25AC%25D5%25A5%25D6%2580%25D5%25A7%25D5%25B6" title="Անգլերէն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Անգլերէն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_anglese" title="Lingua anglese – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua anglese" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaku_Inggeris" title="Jaku Inggeris – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jaku Inggeris" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglesi" title="Anglesi – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Anglesi" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/As%25E1%25BB%25A5s%25E1%25BB%25A5_Bekee" title="Asụsụ Bekee – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Asụsụ Bekee" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nalua%25C4%25A1miutun" title="Naluaġmiutun – Inupiak" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Naluaġmiutun" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Iñupiatun</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_nga_Ingles" title="Pagsasao nga Ingles – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao nga Ingles" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D1%2582%25D1%2582" title="Ингалсий мотт – Ingushetia" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Ингалсий мотт" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingushetia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angla_linguo" title="Angla linguo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Angla linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enska" title="Enska – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Enska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_inglese" title="Lingua inglese – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua inglese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2596%2583%25E1%2593%25AA%25E1%2593%2597%25E1%2593%2588%25E1%2591%258E%25E1%2591%2590%25E1%2591%25A6" title="ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑎᑐᑦ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᖃᓪᓗᓈᑎᑐᑦ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%258B%25B1%25E8%25AA%259E" title="英語 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="英語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingglish" title="Ingglish – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Ingglish" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/glibau" title="glibau – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="glibau" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Inggris" title="Basa Inggris – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Inggris" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2592%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2598_%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2590" title="ინგლისური ენა – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ინგლისური ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglis_tili" title="Inglis tili – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Inglis tili" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taglizit" title="Taglizit – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Taglizit" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B6%25D1%258B%25D0%25BB%25D1%258B%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B7%25D1%258D" title="Инджылыбзэ – Kabardi" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Инджылыбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engl%25C9%25A9s%25C9%25A9%25C9%25A9_k%25CA%258An%25CA%258A%25C5%258B" title="Englɩsɩɩ kʊnʊŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Englɩsɩɩ kʊnʊŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shong_(a%25CC%25B1lyem)" title="Shong (a̱lyem) – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Shong (a̱lyem)" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingelezi" title="Kingelezi – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Kingelezi" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Inggris" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D2%2593%25D1%258B%25D0%25BB%25D1%2588%25D1%258B%25D0%25BD_%25D1%2582%25D1%2596%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596" title="Ағылшын тілі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ағылшын тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuluttut" title="Tuluttut – Kalaallisut" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Tuluttut" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="Kalaallisut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kalaallisut</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%259E%2597%25E1%259E%25B6%25E1%259E%259F%25E1%259E%25B6%25E1%259E%25A2%25E1%259E%2584%25E1%259F%258B%25E1%259E%2582%25E1%259F%2592%25E1%259E%259B%25E1%259F%2581%25E1%259E%259F" title="ភាសាអង់គ្លេស – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភាសាអង់គ្លេស" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%2586%25E0%25B2%2582%25E0%25B2%2597%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25B2_%25E0%25B2%25AD%25E0%25B2%25BE%25E0%25B2%25B7%25E0%25B3%2586" title="ಆಂಗ್ಲ ಭಾಷೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆಂಗ್ಲ ಭಾಷೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%2598%2581%25EC%2596%25B4" title="영어 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="영어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2588_%25D0%25BA%25D1%258B%25D0%25B2" title="Инглиш кыв – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Инглиш кыв" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Перем коми</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7_%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB" title="Ингилиз тил – Karachai Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Ингилиз тил" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachai Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%258E%25D9%2586%25D9%259B%25DA%25AF%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D9%2596%25D8%25B2%25DB%258C_%25D8%25B2%25D9%258E%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="اَنٛگریٖزی زَبان – Kashmir" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="اَنٛگریٖزی زَبان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmir" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2584nglische_Sproch" title="Änglische Sproch – Dialek Kolsch" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Änglische Sproch" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Dialek Kolsch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%25C3%25AA_ingl%25C3%25AEz%25C3%25AE" title="Zimanê inglîzî – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê inglîzî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25BA%25D1%258B%25D0%25B2" title="Англичан кыв – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Англичан кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sowsnek" title="Sowsnek – Kornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Sowsnek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581_%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8" title="Англис тили – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Англис тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Anglica" title="Lingua Anglica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Anglica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_ingleza" title="Lingua ingleza – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Lingua ingleza" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englesch" title="Englesch – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Englesch" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B7" title="Ингилис маз – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Ингилис маз" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лакку</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581_%25D1%2587%25D3%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB" title="Инглис чӀал – Lezghia" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Инглис чӀал" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engles_(lingua)" title="Engles (lingua) – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Engles (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lungereza" title="Lungereza – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Lungereza" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Luganda</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingels" title="Ingels – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Ingels" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25A8ngoa_ingleise" title="Lèngoa ingleise – Liguria" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lèngoa ingleise" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Liguria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingaz_ngl%25C3%25ABisc" title="Lingaz nglëisc – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Lingaz nglëisc" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_inglesa" title="Lengua inglesa – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua inglesa" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ling%25C9%259Bl%25C9%259B%25CC%2581sa" title="Lingɛlɛ́sa – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Lingɛlɛ́sa" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BA%259E%25E0%25BA%25B2%25E0%25BA%25AA%25E0%25BA%25B2%25E0%25BA%25AD%25E0%25BA%25B1%25E0%25BA%2587%25E0%25BA%2581%25E0%25BA%25B4%25E0%25BA%2594" title="ພາສາອັງກິດ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພາສາອັງກິດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angl%25C5%25B3_kalba" title="Anglų kalba – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Anglų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angl%25C4%25AB%25C5%25A1u_vol%25C5%25ABda" title="Anglīšu volūda – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Anglīšu volūda" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latgaļu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ang%25C4%25BCu_valoda" title="Angļu valoda – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Angļu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bh%25C3%25A2sa_Inggris" title="Bhâsa Inggris – Madura" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Bhâsa Inggris" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madura" class="interlanguage-link-target">Madhurâ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2585%25E0%25A4%2599%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A5%2580_%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B7%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Inggris" title="Basa Inggris – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Basa Inggris" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%258C_%25D0%25BA%25D1%258F%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C" title="Англань кяль – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Англань кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_anglisy" title="Fiteny anglisy – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny anglisy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2587%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25B9%25D1%258B%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BC%25D0%25B5" title="Англичан йылме – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Англичан йылме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_P%25C4%2581keh%25C4%2581" title="Reo Pākehā – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Reo Pākehā" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaso_Inggirih" title="Bahaso Inggirih – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bahaso Inggirih" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8_%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA" title="Англиски јазик – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Англиски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%2587%25E0%25B4%2582%25E0%25B4%2597%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25B2%25E0%25B5%2580%25E0%25B4%25B7%25E0%25B5%258D_%25E0%25B4%25AD%25E0%25B4%25BE%25E0%25B4%25B7" title="ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് ഭാഷ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8_%25D1%2585%25D1%258D%25D0%25BB" title="Англи хэл – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Англи хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EA%25AF%258F%25EA%25AF%25AA%25EA%25AF%2582%25EA%25AF%25A4%25EA%25AF%2581_%25EA%25AF%2582%25EA%25AF%25A3%25EA%25AF%259F" title="ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ ꯂꯣꯟ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯏꯪꯂꯤꯁ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2598%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%259E%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%25A1%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25B9%25E1%2580%2582%25E1%2580%259C%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%2580%25E1%2580%25BA" title="ဘာသာအင်္ဂလိက် – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ဘာသာအင်္ဂလိက်" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target">ဘာသာမန်</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2587%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A5%2580" title="इंग्रजी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इंग्रजी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB_%25D0%25B9%25D3%25B9%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BC%25D3%25B9" title="Англ йӹлмӹ – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Англ йӹлмӹ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Inggeris" title="Bahasa Inggeris – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Inggeris" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingwa_Ingli%25C5%25BCa" title="Lingwa Ingliża – Malta" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Lingwa Ingliża" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Malta" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25A9ngua_anglesa" title="Léngua anglesa – Miranda" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Léngua anglesa" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Miranda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%25A1%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25B9%25E1%2580%2582%25E1%2580%259C%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%2595%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2598%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%259E%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%2585%25E1%2580%2580%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%25B8" title="အင်္ဂလိပ်ဘာသာစကား – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အင်္ဂလိပ်ဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%258C_%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C" title="Англань кель – Eryza" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Англань кель" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Eryza" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C%25D9%2586%25DA%25AF%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C_%25D8%25B2%25D9%2588%25D9%2588%25D9%2586" title="اینگلیسی زوون – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اینگلیسی زوون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_ngrese" title="Lengua ngrese – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Lengua ngrese" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engelsche_Spraak" title="Engelsche Spraak – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Engelsche Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engels" title="Engels – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Engels" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2585%25E0%25A4%2599%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A5%2580_%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B7%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2585%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%2587%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A5%2580_%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B7%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="अंग्रेजी भाषा – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अंग्रेजी भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ng mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ng.wikipedia.org/wiki/English" title="English – Ndonga" lang="ng" hreflang="ng" data-title="English" data-language-autonym="Oshiwambo" data-language-local-name="Ndonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oshiwambo</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Inggris" title="Li Inggris – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Li Inggris" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target">Li Niha</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engels" title="Engels – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Engels" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engelsk" title="Engelsk – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Engelsk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engelsk" title="Engelsk – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Engelsk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglum" title="Anglum – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Anglum" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angliais" title="Angliais – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Angliais" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seisimane" title="Seisimane – Sotho Utara" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Seisimane" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Sotho Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilag%25C3%25A1ana_bizaad" title="Bilagáana bizaad – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Bilagáana bizaad" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chingerezi" title="Chingerezi – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Chingerezi" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angl%25C3%25A9s" title="Anglés – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Anglés" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglien_kieli" title="Anglien kieli – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Anglien kieli" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afaan_Ingiliish" title="Afaan Ingiliish – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Afaan Ingiliish" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AC%2587%25E0%25AC%2582%25E0%25AC%25B0%25E0%25AC%25BE%25E0%25AC%259C%25E0%25AD%2580_%25E0%25AC%25AD%25E0%25AC%25BE%25E0%25AC%25B7%25E0%25AC%25BE" title="ଇଂରାଜୀ ଭାଷା – Oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଇଂରାଜୀ ଭାଷା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B3_%25C3%25A6%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B3" title="Англисаг æвзаг – Ossetia" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Англисаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%2585%25E0%25A9%25B0%25E0%25A8%2597%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A9%2587%25E0%25A8%259C%25E0%25A8%25BC%25E0%25A9%2580_%25E0%25A8%25AC%25E0%25A9%258B%25E0%25A8%25B2%25E0%25A9%2580" title="ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ ਬੋਲੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ ਬੋਲੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salitan_Ingles" title="Salitan Ingles – Pangasina" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Salitan Ingles" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangasinan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanung_Ingles" title="Amanung Ingles – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Amanung Ingles" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingles" title="Ingles – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Ingles" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingl%25C3%25A9" title="Inglé – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Inglé" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_langwej" title="English langwej – Pidgin Nigeria" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="English langwej" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="Pidgin Nigeria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Naijá</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englische_Schprooch" title="Englische Schprooch – Jerman Pennsylvania" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Englische Schprooch" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Pennsylvania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Englische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pälzisch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%2580ngalabh%25C4%2581s%25C4%2581" title="Āngalabhāsā – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="Āngalabhāsā" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglish" title="Inglish – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Inglish" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%25C4%2599zyk_angielski" title="Język angielski – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język angielski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_angl%25C3%25A8isa" title="Lenga anglèisa – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga anglèisa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DA%25AF%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D8%25B2%25DB%258C" title="انگریزی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="انگریزی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DA%25AB%25D8%25B1%25DB%2590%25D8%25B2%25D9%258A" title="انګرېزي – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="انګرېزي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25ADngua_inglesa" title="Língua inglesa – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua inglesa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inlis_simi" title="Inlis simi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Inlis simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_englaisa" title="Lingua englaisa – Reto-Roman" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Lingua englaisa" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Reto-Roman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_englez%25C4%2583" title="Limba engleză – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba engleză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_anglicheasc%25C3%25A3" title="Limba anglicheascã – Aromania" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Limba anglicheascã" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%25C3%25A8nga_%2527nglese" title="Lènga 'nglese – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Lènga 'nglese" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9_%25D1%258F%25D0%25B7%25D1%258B%25D0%25BA" title="Английский язык – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Английский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D2%2591%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D1%2586%25D1%258C%25D0%25BA%25D1%258B%25D0%25B9_%25D1%258F%25D0%25B7%25D1%258B%25D0%25BA" title="Анґліцькый язык – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Анґліцькый язык" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icyongereza" title="Icyongereza – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Icyongereza" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2586%25E0%25A4%2599%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25AD%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B7%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="आङ्ग्लभाषा – Sanskerta" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="आङ्ग्लभाषा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskerta" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25B0%25D2%25A5%25D1%258B%25D0%25BB_%25D1%2582%25D1%258B%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0" title="Ааҥыл тыла – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ааҥыл тыла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25B1%25A4%25E1%25B1%259D%25E1%25B1%259E%25E1%25B1%25A4%25E1%25B1%25A5_%25E1%25B1%25AF%25E1%25B1%259F%25E1%25B1%25B9%25E1%25B1%25A8%25E1%25B1%25A5%25E1%25B1%25A4" title="ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_inglesa" title="Limba inglesa – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba inglesa" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_ngrisa" title="Lingua ngrisa – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua ngrisa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglis_leid" title="Inglis leid – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Inglis leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DA%25AF%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25B2%25D9%258A_%25D9%25BB%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25D9%258A" title="انگريزي ٻولي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="انگريزي ٻولي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ea%25C5%258Bgalsgiella" title="Eaŋgalsgiella – Sami Utara" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Eaŋgalsgiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Sami Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angl%25C3%25ABe" title="Anglëe – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Anglëe" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sängö</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engleski_jezik" title="Engleski jezik – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Engleski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutlayt_Tanglizt" title="Tutlayt Tanglizt – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Tutlayt Tanglizt" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%259C%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2581%25B5%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2582%2588%25E1%2580%25A2%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2581%25B5%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%2590%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2582%2589" title="လိၵ်ႈဢင်းၵိတ်ႉ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="လိၵ်ႈဢင်းၵိတ်ႉ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B6%2589%25E0%25B6%2582%25E0%25B6%259C%25E0%25B7%258A%25E2%2580%258D%25E0%25B6%25BB%25E0%25B7%2593%25E0%25B7%2583%25E0%25B7%2592_%25E0%25B6%25B7%25E0%25B7%258F%25E0%25B7%2582%25E0%25B7%258F%25E0%25B7%2580" title="ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඉංග්‍රීසි භාෂාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language" title="English language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="English language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angli%25C4%258Dtina" title="Angličtina – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Angličtina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DA%25AF%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D8%25B2%25DB%258C" title="انگریزی – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="انگریزی" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target">سرائیکی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle%25C5%25A1%25C4%258Dina" title="Angleščina – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Angleščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fa%25CA%25BBa_Peretania" title="Faʻa Peretania – Samoa" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Faʻa Peretania" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/E%25C5%258Bg%25C3%25A2l%25C3%25A2skiel%25C3%25A2" title="Eŋgâlâskielâ – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Eŋgâlâskielâ" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirungu" title="Chirungu – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chirungu" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Af-Ingiriisi" title="Af-Ingiriisi – Somalia" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Af-Ingiriisi" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_angleze" title="Gjuha angleze – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha angleze" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2595%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8_%25D1%2598%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA" title="Енглески језик – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Енглески језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingristongo" title="Ingristongo – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Ingristongo" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%25C3%25ADNg%25C3%25ADsi" title="SíNgísi – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="SíNgísi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senyesemane" title="Senyesemane – Sotho Selatan" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Senyesemane" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Sotho Selatan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2584ngelske_Sproake" title="Ängelske Sproake – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Ängelske Sproake" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Inggris" title="Basa Inggris – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Basa Inggris" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engelska" title="Engelska – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Engelska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiingereza" title="Kiingereza – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiingereza" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angelsko_godka" title="Angelsko godka – Silesia" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Angelsko godka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%2586%25E0%25AE%2599%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AF%258D" title="ஆங்கிலம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆங்கிலம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%2587%25E0%25B2%2582%25E0%25B2%2597%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25B2%25E0%25B2%25BF%25E0%25B2%25B8%25E0%25B3%258D_%25E0%25B2%25AC%25E0%25B2%25BE%25E0%25B2%25B8%25E0%25B3%2586" title="ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಸ್ ಬಾಸೆ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಇಂಗ್ಲಿಸ್ ಬಾಸೆ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">ತುಳು</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25A5%2591%25E1%25A5%25A3%25E1%25A5%259B%25E1%25A5%25B0_%25E1%25A5%259F%25E1%25A5%25A4%25E1%25A5%2592%25E1%25A5%25B0_%25E1%25A5%2590%25E1%25A5%25A3_%25E1%25A5%2598%25E1%25A5%25A4%25E1%25A5%2596" title="ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥟᥤᥒᥰ ᥐᥣ ᥘᥤᥖ – Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥟᥤᥒᥰ ᥐᥣ ᥘᥤᥖ" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%2587%25E0%25B0%2582%25E0%25B0%2597%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25B2%25E0%25B1%2580%25E0%25B0%25B7%25E0%25B1%2581_%25E0%25B0%25AD%25E0%25B0%25BE%25E0%25B0%25B7" title="ఇంగ్లీషు భాష – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఇంగ్లీషు భాష" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2597%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B1%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8_%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D3%25A3" title="Забони инглисӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони инглисӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%25A0%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A9%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%2587%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%25A4%25E0%25B8%25A9" title="ภาษาอังกฤษ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาอังกฤษ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2589%258B%25E1%258A%2595%25E1%2589%258B_%25E1%258A%25A5%25E1%258A%2595%25E1%258C%258D%25E1%2588%258A%25E1%258B%259D%25E1%258A%259B" title="ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ቋንቋ እንግሊዝኛ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target">ትግርኛ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%25C5%2588lis_dili" title="Iňlis dili – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Iňlis dili" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Ingles" title="Wikang Ingles – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Ingles" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglisi_zyvon" title="Inglisi zyvon – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Inglisi zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekgowa" title="Sekgowa – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Sekgowa" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target">Setswana</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lea_fakapilit%25C4%2581nia" title="Lea fakapilitānia – Tonga" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Lea fakapilitānia" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokples_Inglis" title="Tokples Inglis – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Tokples Inglis" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%25B0ngilizce" title="İngilizce – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İngilizce" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kari_Dame" title="Kari Dame – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Kari Dame" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinghezi" title="Xinghezi – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Xinghezi" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7_%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B5" title="Инглиз теле – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Инглиз теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/ChiZungu" title="ChiZungu – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="ChiZungu" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%25C9%2594fo" title="Brɔfo – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Brɔfo" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_Parat%25C4%2581ne" title="Reo Paratāne – Tahiti" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Reo Paratāne" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahiti" class="interlanguage-link-target">Reo tahiti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8_%25D0%25B4%25D1%258B%25D0%25BB" title="Англи дыл – Tuvinia" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Англи дыл" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тыва дыл</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8_%25D0%25BA%25D1%258B%25D0%25BB" title="Англи кыл – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Англи кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A6%25D9%2589%25D9%2586%25DA%25AF%25D9%2584%25D9%2589%25D8%25B2_%25D8%25AA%25D9%2589%25D9%2584%25D9%2589" title="ئىنگلىز تىلى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئىنگلىز تىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D0%25B9%25D1%2581%25D1%258C%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25BC%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0" title="Англійська мова – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Англійська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DA%25AF%25D8%25B1%25DB%258C%25D8%25B2%25DB%258C_%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="انگریزی زبان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="انگریزی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingliz_tili" title="Ingliz tili – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ingliz tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/English" title="English – Venda" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="English" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="Venda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tshivenda</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C5%2581%25C3%25A9ngua_ingleze" title="Łéngua ingleze – Venesia" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua ingleze" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venesia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglijan_kel%2527" title="Anglijan kel' – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Anglijan kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%25E1%25BA%25BFng_Anh" title="Tiếng Anh – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Anh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iengels" title="Iengels – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Iengels" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingl%25C3%25A4nap%25C3%25BCk" title="Linglänapük – Volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Linglänapük" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingl%25C3%25A8s_(lingaedje)" title="Inglès (lingaedje) – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Inglès (lingaedje)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ininglis" title="Ininglis – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ininglis" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wu-angalteer" title="Wu-angalteer – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Wu-angalteer" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%258B%25B1%25E8%25AF%25AD" title="英语 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="英语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2588%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BD" title="Инглишин келн – Kalmuk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Инглишин келн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmuk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Хальмг</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiNgesi" title="IsiNgesi – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IsiNgesi" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2592%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2598_%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2590" title="ინგლისური ნინა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ინგლისური ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A2%25D7%25A0%25D7%2592%25D7%259C%25D7%2599%25D7%25A9" title="ענגליש – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ענגליש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2588d%25C3%25A8_G%25E1%25BA%25B9%25CC%2580%25E1%25BA%25B9%25CC%2581s%25C3%25AC" title="Èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Gẹ̀ẹ́sì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vah_Yinghgoz" title="Vah Yinghgoz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Vah Yinghgoz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iengels" title="Iengels – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Iengels" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E2%25B5%259C%25E2%25B5%2593%25E2%25B5%259C%25E2%25B5%258D%25E2%25B4%25B0%25E2%25B5%25A2%25E2%25B5%259C_%25E2%25B5%259C%25E2%25B4%25B0%25E2%25B5%258F%25E2%25B4%25B3%25E2%25B5%258D%25E2%25B5%2589%25E2%25B5%25A3%25E2%25B5%259C" title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ – Tamazight Maroko Standar" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴳⵍⵉⵣⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Tamazight Maroko Standar" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%258B%25B1%25E8%25AF%25AD" title="英语 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="英语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%258B%25B1%25E8%25AA%259E" title="英語 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="英語" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eng-g%25C3%25AD" title="Eng-gí – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Eng-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%258B%25B1%25E6%2596%2587" title="英文 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="英文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiNgisi" title="IsiNgisi – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IsiNgisi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" 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