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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Romanian princess</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Catherine Caradja</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Ecaterina Olimpia Crețulescu</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1893-01-28</span>)</span>28 January 1893<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Romania" title="Kingdom of Romania">Kingdom of Romania</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">26 May 1993<span style="display:none">(1993-05-26)</span> (aged 100)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/wiki/Aristocracy" title="Aristocracy">aristocracy</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Philanthropy" title="Philanthropy">philanthropy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Virtus_et_Fraternitas_Medal" title="Virtus et Fraternitas Medal">Virtus et Fraternitas Medal</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Princess <b>Catherine Olympia Caradja</b> (born <b>Ecaterina Olimpia Creţulescu</b>; 28 January 1893 – 26 May 1993) was a <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romanian</a> aristocrat and <a href="/wiki/Philanthropist" class="mw-redirect" title="Philanthropist">philanthropist</a>. Born in <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>, she grew up in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> and <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, and lived in Romania from 1908 to 1952, when she escaped from the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Romania">communist regime</a> on a <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> boat. An <a href="/wiki/Expatriate" title="Expatriate">expatriate</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> for 35 years, and a longtime resident of the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Hill_Country" title="Texas Hill Country">Hill Country</a> of <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, she returned after the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Revolution_of_1989" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Revolution of 1989">Romanian Revolution of 1989</a> to Bucharest, where she died a <a href="/wiki/Centenarian" title="Centenarian">centenarian</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Humanitarian_-_Honours">Humanitarian - Honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catherine_Caradja&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Humanitarian - Honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Catherine_Caradja" title="Special:EditPage/Catherine Caradja">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Princess Caradja is known for her humanitarian work in the <a href="/wiki/Interwar_period" title="Interwar period">interbellum</a>, and especially for her efforts to ease the burden of captivity for over a thousand American and <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> <a href="/wiki/Airman" title="Airman">airmen</a>, taken <a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">prisoner</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Romania_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Romania in World War II">bombing of Romania in World War II</a>. She cared for them on her property and in the hospitals she ran; those activities earned her the nickname "Angel of <a href="/wiki/Ploie%C5%9Fti" class="mw-redirect" title="Ploieşti">Ploieşti</a>" among the crews. In 1977, she was awarded the George Washington Honor Medal by the <a href="/wiki/Freedoms_Foundation_at_Valley_Forge" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedoms Foundation at Valley Forge">Freedoms Foundation at Valley Forge</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_years">Early years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catherine_Caradja&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>She was born in <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>, the daughter of Romanian nobleman Radu <a href="/wiki/Cre%C8%9Bulescu_Palace" title="Crețulescu Palace">Creţulescu</a> and his wife, Princess Irina <a href="/wiki/Cantacuzino_family" title="Cantacuzino family">Cantacuzino</a>. Caught in a financial struggle between her parents' families, she was <a href="/wiki/Child_abduction" title="Child abduction">abducted</a> at the age of three by her father, who took her to England, and placed her in an <a href="/wiki/Orphanage" title="Orphanage">orphanage</a> under an assumed name. Her mother (who divorced her father, and remarried to Prince Nicolae <a href="/wiki/Ghica_family" title="Ghica family">Ghica</a>) kept looking for her, but died in 1906. The princess was accidentally found in 1908 in a French convent by an aunt, who helped her escape, and brought her back to Romania, where the courts put her in custody of the <a href="/wiki/Cantacuzino_family" title="Cantacuzino family">Cantacuzino family</a>. She was raised by her maternal grandmother and her maternal grandfather, Prince <a href="/wiki/Gheorghe_Grigore_Cantacuzino" title="Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino">Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Romania">Prime Minister of Romania</a> at the turn of the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Texas_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Texas-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fill_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fill-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Caradja_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caradja-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The princess was educated in England, France, Romania, and Belgium, and spoke five languages. In 1914, just before the start of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, she married Prince Constantin Caradja (1892–1962), a member of an old and influential <a href="/wiki/Caradja" title="Caradja">House of Caradja</a>. After <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German</a> troops entered Romania in 1916 (<i>see <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Campaign_(World_War_I)" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Campaign (World War I)">Romanian Campaign (World War I)</a></i>), she fled from <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a> with her two daughters, Irène Mathilde Catherine (born the year before) and Marie Constance Lucie (born ten days before). After taking refuge in <a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a>, she started working as a volunteer in a 30-bed hospital for <a href="/wiki/Typhus" title="Typhus">typhus</a> patients (she contracted the disease herself).<sup id="cite_ref-Fill_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fill-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Armistice_with_Germany_(Compi%C3%A8gne)" class="mw-redirect" title="Armistice with Germany (Compiègne)">Armistice</a>, Princess Caradja went back to Bucharest, and devoted herself to social work, most notably, at <i>Saint Catherine's Crib</i>, a complex of orphanages started by her mother, which housed more than 3,000 children.<sup id="cite_ref-Texas_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Texas-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1920, she gave birth to a third daughter, Alexandra (1920–1997). The second daughter died in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> in 1933, while her eldest daughter and her husband (Constantin Emandi) were killed in the <a href="/wiki/List_of_deadly_earthquakes_since_1900" title="List of deadly earthquakes since 1900">deadly earthquake</a> of 10 November 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-Fill_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fill-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="World_War_II_and_aftermath">World War II and aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catherine_Caradja&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: World War II and aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bombing_of_Concordia_Vega_oil_refinery_in_Ploe%C8%99ti_by_USAAF_B-24s,_31_May_1944_%E2%80%94_restored.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Bombing_of_Concordia_Vega_oil_refinery_in_Ploe%C8%99ti_by_USAAF_B-24s%2C_31_May_1944_%E2%80%94_restored.jpg/220px-Bombing_of_Concordia_Vega_oil_refinery_in_Ploe%C8%99ti_by_USAAF_B-24s%2C_31_May_1944_%E2%80%94_restored.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Bombing_of_Concordia_Vega_oil_refinery_in_Ploe%C8%99ti_by_USAAF_B-24s%2C_31_May_1944_%E2%80%94_restored.jpg/330px-Bombing_of_Concordia_Vega_oil_refinery_in_Ploe%C8%99ti_by_USAAF_B-24s%2C_31_May_1944_%E2%80%94_restored.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Bombing_of_Concordia_Vega_oil_refinery_in_Ploe%C8%99ti_by_USAAF_B-24s%2C_31_May_1944_%E2%80%94_restored.jpg/440px-Bombing_of_Concordia_Vega_oil_refinery_in_Ploe%C8%99ti_by_USAAF_B-24s%2C_31_May_1944_%E2%80%94_restored.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5522" data-file-height="4145" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/B-24_Liberator" class="mw-redirect" title="B-24 Liberator">B-24s</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Air_Force" title="Fifteenth Air Force">15th Air Force</a> bomb <a href="/wiki/Ploie%C5%9Fti" class="mw-redirect" title="Ploieşti">Ploieşti</a> oil fields.</figcaption></figure> <p>The princess first became known internationally as a result of her opposition to Romania's alliance with <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">the Second World War</a> (<i>see <a href="/wiki/Romania_during_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Romania during World War II">Romania during World War II</a></i>). When the oilfields at <a href="/wiki/Ploie%C5%9Fti" class="mw-redirect" title="Ploieşti">Ploieşti</a> were bombed by the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a> in August 1943 in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Tidal_Wave" title="Operation Tidal Wave">Operation Tidal Wave</a>, she personally took custody of surviving Allied crews, saw that they were cared for in her hospitals, and facilitated their escape to <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Texas_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Texas-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Romania_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Romania in World War II">Allied bombings of spring and summer 1944</a>, several American airmen landed on her estate at Nedelea, after either <a href="/wiki/Emergency_landing" title="Emergency landing">emergency landing</a> or <a href="/wiki/Parachuting" title="Parachuting">parachuting</a>. Throughout the war, she eased the burden of captivity for more than one thousand flyers who had been shot down.<sup id="cite_ref-Fill_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fill-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those deeds earned her the nickname "Angel of Ploieşti" among the airmen.<sup id="cite_ref-Texas_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Texas-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brianna_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brianna-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the pilots who survived crash landing, and escaped thanks to her efforts, was Richard W. Britt, who recounted the story in a book, many years later.<sup id="cite_ref-Brianna_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brianna-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Britt_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britt-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Romania">Communist regime</a> was established in Romania, her orphanages and foundation were nationalized in 1949. Her daughter, who had left for <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> in 1948, helped the princess escape in early 1952, with assistance from the French secret services;<sup id="cite_ref-Brianna_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brianna-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> she left the country on a <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> <a href="/wiki/Tanker_(ship)" title="Tanker (ship)">tanker</a>, arriving after 8 weeks in Vienna.<sup id="cite_ref-Texas_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Texas-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the winter of 1954–55, the princess directed relief efforts for children in <a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a>, in the wake of the September 9, 1954 earthquake.<sup id="cite_ref-Fill_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fill-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She traveled widely, giving talks in France on "Life Behind the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Curtain" title="Iron Curtain">Iron Curtain</a>", and speaking at the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Texas_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Texas-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Caradja_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caradja-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_America">In America</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catherine_Caradja&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In December 1955, Caradja received a visa to come to the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>; soon after landing, she appeared on the <a href="/wiki/Dave_Garroway" title="Dave Garroway">Dave Garroway</a> show.<sup id="cite_ref-Fill_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fill-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She resided in the U.S. for more than 35 years, mainly in the town of <a href="/wiki/Comfort,_Texas" title="Comfort, Texas">Comfort</a> (in the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Hill_Country" title="Texas Hill Country">Hill Country</a> of <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>), but also in <a href="/wiki/Baltimore,_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore, Maryland">Baltimore, Maryland</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Texas_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Texas-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While traveling across America, speaking at various venues, she found more than five hundred of the former <a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">prisoners of war</a> she knew from Romania. She organized a reunion in <a href="/wiki/Dallas,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Dallas, Texas">Dallas, Texas</a> on 28 August 1972, an event that continued to be held each year for many years, with the Princess as the guest of honor and main speaker.<sup id="cite_ref-Fill_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fill-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 27 August 1976, during the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Bicentennial" title="United States Bicentennial">U.S. bicentennial year</a>, she helped present a Peace Monument for the <a href="/wiki/Freedoms_Foundation_at_Valley_Forge" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedoms Foundation at Valley Forge">Freedoms Foundation</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Valley_Forge_National_Historical_Park" title="Valley Forge National Historical Park">Valley Forge National Historical Park</a>; in January 1977 she was awarded the George Washington Honor Medal by the Foundation.<sup id="cite_ref-Fill_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fill-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1978 she befriended Ottomar Berbig, an <a href="/wiki/Antiques" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiques">antiques</a> dealer in <a href="/wiki/West_Berlin" title="West Berlin">West Berlin</a>. The princess was keen to adopt Berbig, as her family had no male heirs to carry the family name. Berbig took the name of <a href="/wiki/Ottomar_Rodolphe_Vlad_Dracula_Prince_Kretzulesco" title="Ottomar Rodolphe Vlad Dracula Prince Kretzulesco">Ottomar Rodolphe Vlad Dracula Prince Kretzulesco</a>, and the adoption was formalized in 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-Dracula_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dracula-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Return_to_Romania">Return to Romania</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catherine_Caradja&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Return to Romania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Catherine_Caradja" title="Special:EditPage/Catherine Caradja">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Catherine+Caradja%22">"Catherine Caradja"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Catherine+Caradja%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Catherine+Caradja%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Catherine+Caradja%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Catherine+Caradja%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Catherine+Caradja%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Biserica_Kretzulescu_2006_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Biserica_Kretzulescu_2006_05.jpg/150px-Biserica_Kretzulescu_2006_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Biserica_Kretzulescu_2006_05.jpg/225px-Biserica_Kretzulescu_2006_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Biserica_Kretzulescu_2006_05.jpg/300px-Biserica_Kretzulescu_2006_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2616" data-file-height="3488" /></a><figcaption>Kretzulescu Church</figcaption></figure> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Revolution_of_1989" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Revolution of 1989">Romanian Revolution of 1989</a>, the new Romanian government refused to give back any of her goods, included her Home Estate or Orphanage. </p><p>In mid-1991, she went back to her native country, taking up residence in the attic of her old orphanage, which is nowadays occupied by the City Hall of Bucharest.<sup id="cite_ref-Fill_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fill-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She died at age 100 on 26 May 1993. She was buried in the family tomb, in <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>. A memorial service was held at the historic <a href="/wiki/Kretzulescu_Church" title="Kretzulescu Church">Kretzulescu Church</a>. </p><p>Her daughter, Alexandra Caradja (aka. "Tanda" Bragadiru Moevs ), died in 1997. Catherine was survived by her granddaughter, <i>Princess</i> Brianna “Hélène” Caradja<sup id="cite_ref-Brianna_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brianna-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>(b. 1960, ex-wife of Bruce Johnson), and two great-grandsons, Constantin Caradja Johnson (1989) and Maximilien Caradja Johnson (1990),<sup id="cite_ref-Texas_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Texas-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and her adopted son, <a href="/wiki/Ottomar_Rodolphe_Vlad_Dracula_Prince_Kretzulesco" title="Ottomar Rodolphe Vlad Dracula Prince Kretzulesco">Ottomar Rodolphe <i>Vlad Dracula Prince</i> Kretzulesco</a> (10 October 1940 – 17 November 2007). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catherine_Caradja&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Texas-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Texas_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Texas_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Texas_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Texas_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Texas_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Texas_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Texas_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Texas_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Glen E. Lich, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fcaca">"Catherine Olympia Caradja"</a>, at The Handbook of Texas Online</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fill-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fill_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fill_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fill_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fill_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fill_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fill_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fill_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fill_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fill_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">William J. Fili, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ploiesti.net/Gallerys/Princess/index.htm">"Biography of Princess Catherine Caradja"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Caradja-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Caradja_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Caradja_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Catherine Caradja (1990), "Princess Catherine Caradja", in: <i>Force for freedom: the legacy of the 98th</i>, Paducah, KY: Turner Pub., 1990, p. 102 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/25552570">25552570</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brianna-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brianna_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brianna_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brianna_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brianna_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Romanian)</span> Diana Evantia Barca, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.4romania.com/Prizonieri-in-romania_10563.html">"Prizonieri in România"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071223010515/http://news.4romania.com/Prizonieri-in-romania_10563.html">Archived</a> 2007-12-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, interview with Princess Brianna Caradja, April 18, 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britt-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Britt_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_W._Britt1988" class="citation book cs1">Richard W. Britt (1988). <i>The Princess and the P.O.W.: The True Story of Princess Catherine Caradja</i>. Comfort, TX: Gabriel Publishing. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/20079951">20079951</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Princess+and+the+P.O.W.%3A+The+True+Story+of+Princess+Catherine+Caradja&rft.place=Comfort%2C+TX&rft.pub=Gabriel+Publishing&rft.date=1988&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F20079951&rft.au=Richard+W.+Britt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACatherine+Caradja" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dracula-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dracula_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Erik Kirschbaum, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://richlabonte.net/exonews/xtra3/dracs_kingdom.htm">"Dracula's Kingdom!"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071223091245/http://richlabonte.net/exonews/xtra3/dracs_kingdom.htm">Archived</a> 23 December 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catherine_Caradja&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in Romanian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110718173139/http://www.presamil.ro/OM/2005/51-52/c-1.pdf">"Prinţesa prizonierilor"</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defense_(Romania)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Defense (Romania)">Romanian Ministry of Defense</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Romanian)</span> Mihai Diac, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gandul.info/actual/veteranii-razboi-americani-recunoscatori-modul-au-tratati-prizon.html?3927;254728">"Veteranii de război americani, recunoscători pentru modul in care au fost trataţi in prizonierat în România"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A2ndul" title="Gândul">Gândul</a></i>, December 15, 2005</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output 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