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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of third-party software</div> <p><b>Custom firmware</b>, also known as <b>aftermarket firmware</b>, is an unofficial new or modified version of <a href="/wiki/Firmware" title="Firmware">firmware</a> created by third parties on devices such as <a href="/wiki/Video_game_console" title="Video game console">video game consoles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">mobile phones</a>, and various <a href="/wiki/Embedded_system" title="Embedded system">embedded device</a> types to provide new features or to unlock hidden functionality. In the video game console community, the term is often written as <b>custom firmware</b> or simply <b>CFW</b>, referring to an altered version of the original <a href="/wiki/System_software" title="System software">system software</a> (also known as the <b>official firmware</b> or simply <b>OFW</b>) inside a video game console such as the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Portable" title="PlayStation Portable">PlayStation Portable</a>, <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_3" title="PlayStation 3">PlayStation 3</a>, <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Vita" title="PlayStation Vita">PlayStation Vita</a>/<a href="/wiki/PlayStation_TV" title="PlayStation TV">PlayStation TV</a>, <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_4" title="PlayStation 4">PlayStation 4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_3DS" title="Nintendo 3DS">Nintendo 3DS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wii_U" title="Wii U">Wii U</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Switch" title="Nintendo Switch">Nintendo Switch</a>. Installing custom firmware on some devices requires <a href="/wiki/Bootloader_unlocking" title="Bootloader unlocking">bootloader unlocking</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Video_game_consoles">Video game consoles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Custom_firmware&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Video game consoles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Custom firmware often allow <a href="/wiki/Homebrew_(video_games)" title="Homebrew (video games)">homebrew</a> applications or <a href="/wiki/ROM_image" title="ROM image">ROM image</a> backups to run directly within the game console, unlike official firmware, which usually only allow signed or retailed copies of software to run. Because custom firmware is often associated with <a href="/wiki/Copyright_infringement" title="Copyright infringement">software piracy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Console_manufacturer" class="mw-redirect" title="Console manufacturer">console manufacturers</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a> have put significant effort into blocking custom firmware and other third party devices and content from their game consoles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="PlayStation_Portable,_PlayStation_3_and_PlayStation_Vita/PlayStation_TV"><span id="PlayStation_Portable.2C_PlayStation_3_and_PlayStation_Vita.2FPlayStation_TV"></span>PlayStation Portable, PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Vita/PlayStation TV</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Custom_firmware&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: PlayStation Portable, PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Vita/PlayStation TV"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Custom firmware is commonly seen in the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Portable" title="PlayStation Portable">PlayStation Portable</a> handhelds released by Sony. Notable custom firmware include M33 by Dark_AleX as well as those made by others such as the 5.50GEN series, Minimum Edition (ME/LME) and PRO. </p><p>Custom firmware is also seen in the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_3" title="PlayStation 3">PlayStation 3</a> console. Only early "Fat" and Slim (CECH-20xx until early CECH-25xx) models are able to run custom firmware. Slim (late CECH-25xx and CECH-30xx) and Super Slim models can only run HEN (Homebrew Enabler), which has functionality similar to a custom firmware. There is also ODE (Optical Drive Emulator), HAN (etHANol) and HFW (Hybrid Firmware) for the PS3. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Vita" title="PlayStation Vita">PlayStation Vita</a>/<a href="/wiki/PlayStation_TV" title="PlayStation TV">PlayStation TV</a> has eCFW, meaning custom firmware for PSP running in the PSP emulator of the PS Vita/PS TV. These eCFWs include ARK, TN-V and more recently, Adrenaline, which includes more features since it was hacked from the native side. In 2016 a Team called Molecule released HENkaku (a HomeBrew Enabler, which has functionality similar to a custom firmware) for PlayStation Vita/PlayStation TV, which alters the PS Vita's/PS TV's firmware on version 3.60, which allows creating a custom firmware on the console. The team behind the original HENkaku has also released taiHEN. taiHEN is a framework on which the newest version of HENkaku runs. It is a way to load plugins at the system level like the user was used to on the PSP allowing them to change/add function to their console.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Enso is a bootloader vulnerability of the PS Vita/PS TV that makes HENkaku permanent and allows to run it on the boot so the PS Vita/PS TV has a full CFW with HENkaku Enso. Users on 3.60 can also update to 3.65 without losing HENkaku Enso. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nintendo_3DS">Nintendo 3DS</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Custom_firmware&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Nintendo 3DS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The modding scene of the <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_3DS" title="Nintendo 3DS">Nintendo 3DS</a> primarily involve custom firmware (software which patches the official firmware "on the fly"), which requires an exploit to obtain control of the ARM9, the 3DS' security coprocessor, and, secondarily, <a href="/wiki/Flash_cartridge" title="Flash cartridge">flash cartridges</a>, which emulate an original game cart (which can be solely used to play untouched game cart ROM backups). The current most widely used CFW is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luma3DS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luma3DS (page does not exist)">Luma3DS</a>, developed by Aurora Wright and TuxSH, which allows unsigned CIA (CTR Importable Archives) installation, includes open-source rewritten system firmware modules, and exception handling for homebrew software developers. </p><p>Other past and abandoned CFWs included Gateway (a proprietary CFW locked to a flash cartridge via DRM and the first publicly available one), Pasta, RxTools (the first free and widely used one), Cakes CFW<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (the first open source CFW, which used a modularized approach for patches and was the inspiration for the following ones), ReiNAND, which Luma3DS was originally based on, and Corbenik;<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as of now the only custom firmware still currently being developed is Luma3DS (previously known as AuReiNAND). 3DS CFWs used to rely on "EmuNAND"/"RedNAND", a feature that boots the system from an unpartitioned space of the SD card containing a copy of the 3DS' NAND memory. These EmuNANDs could protect the 3DS system from bricking, as the usual system NAND was unaffected if the emuNAND is no longer functioned properly or was otherwise unusable. EmuNANDs could also be updated separately from the usual system NAND, allowing users to have the latest system version on the EmuNAND while retaining the vulnerable version on the system NAND; thus making online play and <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_eShop" title="Nintendo eShop">Nintendo eShop</a> access possible on outdated 3DS system versions. </p><p>EmuNANDs were obsoleted by the release of arm9loaderhax, a boot-time ARM9 exploit that allowed people to safely use SysNAND and update it, as CFWs started patching the OS' update code so that official updates wouldn't remove the exploit. However, this exploit required a downgrade to a very early system version to get the console's unique OTP, necessary for the installation. On May 19, 2017, a new exploit basis called sighax was released, replacing arm9loaderhax and allowing users to get even earlier control of the system, granting code execution in the context of the bootROM and thus a cleaner environment, with no downgrades or OTP required. Boot9Strap, a user-friendly version of sighax, was released. Sighax works by overflowing the signature parser pointer onto the <a href="/wiki/Call_stack" title="Call stack">stack</a> so the hash of the firmware image is compared to itself since the parser doesn't validate certain fields.<sup id="cite_ref-r776_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r776-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-a562_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a562-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the same time, another bootROM exploit called ntrboot was announced, which allows people to use a backdoor present in the bootROM to get full system control on any 3DS console regardless of the firmware version (as the bootROM can't be updated), only requiring a modified DS flash cartridge and a magnet. The initial release was on August 12, supporting the AceKard 2i and R4i Gold 3DS RTS cartridges. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nintendo_Switch">Nintendo Switch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Custom_firmware&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Nintendo Switch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:408px;max-width:408px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Page11_louarn_indictment.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Page11_louarn_indictment.png/200px-Page11_louarn_indictment.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Page11_louarn_indictment.png/300px-Page11_louarn_indictment.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Page11_louarn_indictment.png/400px-Page11_louarn_indictment.png 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="2200" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Page12_louarn_indictment.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Page12_louarn_indictment.png/200px-Page12_louarn_indictment.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Page12_louarn_indictment.png/300px-Page12_louarn_indictment.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Page12_louarn_indictment.png/400px-Page12_louarn_indictment.png 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="2200" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Pages 11 and 12 of indictment of SX OS developers (Team Xecuter), regarding their software used on Nintendo Switch<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div> <p>Currently, several custom firmwares for the <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Switch" title="Nintendo Switch">Nintendo Switch</a> console exist: Atmosphère, ReiNX and SX OS. The differences between them are largely inconsequential; Atmosphère remains in active development and is <a href="/wiki/Free_and_open-source_software" title="Free and open-source software">free and open-source software</a>. ReiNX bases much of its code off Atmosphère<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but with some modifications to runtime components and a different bootloader, while SX OS is closed source and paid, but largely based on Atmosphère code despite assertions to the contrary.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nintendo has made the Switch environment much more secure than previous consoles. Despite this, there exist notable bugs which lead to user exploits. Of these, the <a href="/wiki/Nvidia_Tegra" class="mw-redirect" title="Nvidia Tegra">Nvidia Tegra</a> stack bug (<a href="/wiki/CVE_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CVE (identifier)">CVE</a>-<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2018-6242">2018-6242</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the most well-exploited. It leverages the Recovery Mode (RCM) of the Switch unit in order to push unsigned/unverified payloads,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in turn granting the user access to <a href="/wiki/Arbitrary_code_execution" title="Arbitrary code execution">arbitrary code execution</a>. This vulnerability has been further leveraged by users within the Switch hacking scene to reverse-engineer the firmware, leading to two other notable exploits: Nereba and Caffeine. While RCM is a hardware exploit, Nereba and Caffeine are software exploits and rely on the console being at or below specific firmware versions in order to make use of the exploits. RCM, being hardware related, merely relies on the console being vulnerable to that particular exploit and does not have a firmware requirement or range. </p><p>Due to Nvidia's disclosure of CVE-2018-6242, Nintendo was forced to address the vulnerability,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and during late 2018 began manufacturing and distributing units which have been hardware patched and are unable to access the RCM vulnerability. Any unit manufactured during or after this time is likely to be hardware patched, including the Switch Lite and the newer "red box" Switches, and any unit which is hardware patched and running a relatively recent firmware is unlikely to be able to access custom firmware at this time or in the future due to the unusually secure software environment of the Switch. These Switches are commonly referred to as "patched" Switches within the Switch modding community. While they cannot be modded by normal means ("softmodding"), a <a href="/wiki/Modchip" title="Modchip">modchip</a> can be soldered onto where the Switch's <a href="/wiki/USB-C" title="USB-C">USB-C</a> port would be after it is removed ("hardmodding"), thus circumventing the need to enter into RCM mode. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Android">Android</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Custom_firmware&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Android"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Android ROM" redirects here. For a list of custom Android operating systems, like <a href="/wiki/LineageOS" title="LineageOS">LineageOS</a>, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_custom_Android_distributions" title="List of custom Android distributions">List of custom Android distributions</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Rooting_(Android)" title="Rooting (Android)">Rooting (Android)</a></div> <p>In Android, installing custom firmware, colloquially known as installing a <b>custom ROM</b> or <b>Android ROM</b>, is the practice of replacing the system partition of the <a href="/wiki/Android_operating_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Android operating system">Android operating system</a>, usually mounted as read-only,<sup id="cite_ref-part_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-part-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-part2_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-part2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a modified version of Android, also known as "flashing a ROM".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The procedure requires unlocking the <a href="/wiki/Bootloader" title="Bootloader">bootloader</a>, which in the past was generally not supported by device manufacturers, and hence, typically requiring some expertise in <a href="/wiki/Exploit_(computer_security)" title="Exploit (computer security)">exploiting</a> vulnerabilities in the operating system. However, since about 2015<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> several manufacturers, including <a href="/wiki/Motorola" title="Motorola">Motorola</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/OnePlus" title="OnePlus">OnePlus</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Xiaomi" title="Xiaomi">Xiaomi</a>, and Sony<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> support unlocking the bootloader (except on models that are locked by some carriers). This bypasses secure boot, without the need for exploits. The custom ROMs installed may include different features, require less power, or offer other benefits to the user; devices no longer receiving official Android version updates can continue to be updated. However, not all features of a phone may be properly supported by some custom ROMs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_devices">Other devices</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Custom_firmware&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other devices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Various other devices, such as <a href="/wiki/Digital_camera" title="Digital camera">digital cameras</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wireless_router" title="Wireless router">wireless routers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Smart_TV" title="Smart TV">smart TVs</a>, may also run custom firmware.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples of such custom firmware include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rockbox" title="Rockbox">Rockbox</a> for <a href="/wiki/Portable_media_player" title="Portable media player">portable media players</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPodLinux" title="IPodLinux">iPodLinux</a> for <a href="/wiki/IPod" title="IPod">iPod</a> portable media players</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHDK" class="mw-redirect" title="CHDK">CHDK</a><sup id="cite_ref-maximumpc_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maximumpc-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Magic_Lantern_(firmware)" title="Magic Lantern (firmware)">Magic Lantern</a><sup id="cite_ref-maximumpc_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maximumpc-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for <a href="/wiki/Canon_digital_camera" class="mw-redirect" title="Canon digital camera">Canon digital cameras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expeed#Alternative_firmware" title="Expeed">Nikon Hacker</a> project for <a href="/wiki/Nikon_DSLR" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikon DSLR">Nikon EXPEED DSLRs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coreboot" title="Coreboot">Coreboot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Libreboot" title="Libreboot">Libreboot</a> for computers</li> <li>Many third-party <a href="/wiki/List_of_router_firmware_projects" title="List of router firmware projects">firmware projects for wireless routers</a>, including: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LibreWRT" class="mw-redirect" title="LibreWRT">LibreWRT</a> project for Ben Nanonote, Buffalo WZR-HP-G300NH and other computers with minimal resources<sup id="cite_ref-librewrt_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-librewrt-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenWrt" title="OpenWrt">OpenWrt</a>, and its derivatives such as <a href="/wiki/DD-WRT" title="DD-WRT">DD-WRT</a><sup id="cite_ref-maximumpc_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maximumpc-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>RouterTech, for <a href="/wiki/ADSL" title="ADSL">ADSL</a> gateway routers based on the <a href="/wiki/TI-AR7" class="mw-redirect" title="TI-AR7">Texas Instruments AR7</a> chipset (with the Pspboot or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adam2 (page does not exist)">Adam2</a> <a href="/wiki/Bootloader" title="Bootloader">bootloader</a>)</li></ul></li> <li>Cable Hack and Sigma for <a href="/wiki/Uncapping" title="Uncapping">uncapping</a> <a href="/wiki/Cable_modem" title="Cable modem">cable modems</a>, but with dubious legality<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Firmware that allows DVD drives to be <a href="/wiki/DVD_region_code" title="DVD region code">region-free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SamyGO" title="SamyGO">SamyGO</a>, modified firmware for <a href="/wiki/Samsung" title="Samsung">Samsung</a> smart TVs<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Custom_firmware&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/mid-kid/CakesForeveryWan/releases/tag/202">"Cakes CFW Developer Announces the dropping of the Project"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GitHub&rft.atitle=Cakes+CFW+Developer+Announces+the+dropping+of+the+Project&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fmid-kid%2FCakesForeveryWan%2Freleases%2Ftag%2F202&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACustom+firmware" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gbatemp.net/threads/corbenik-another-cfw-for-advanced-users-with-bytecode-patches.429612/page-105#post-7371367">"Corbenik's author and maintainer announces his retirement from the project"</a>. 4 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Corbenik%27s+author+and+maintainer+announces+his+retirement+from+the+project&rft.date=2016-06-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgbatemp.net%2Fthreads%2Fcorbenik-another-cfw-for-advanced-users-with-bytecode-patches.429612%2Fpage-105%23post-7371367&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACustom+firmware" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-r776-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-r776_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zoogie.github.io/sh/">"3DS BootROM exploit"</a>. <i>zoogie.github.io</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=zoogie.github.io&rft.atitle=3DS+BootROM+exploit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzoogie.github.io%2Fsh%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACustom+firmware" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-a562-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-a562_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sciresm.github.io/33-and-a-half-c3/">"33.5c3"</a>. <i>sciresm.github.io</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sciresm.github.io&rft.atitle=33.5c3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsciresm.github.io%2F33-and-a-half-c3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACustom+firmware" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite><i>United States of America vs Max Louran, Yuanning Chen, and Gary Bowser</i></cite>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1324026/download"> 2:20-cr-00127-RSL</a>, pages 11–12 (United States District Court for the Western District of Washington at Seattle 20 August 2020).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-12-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LWN.net&rft.atitle=SamyGO%3A+replacing+television+firmware&rft.date=2009-11-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flwn.net%2FArticles%2F361445%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACustom+firmware" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Homebrew" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Homebrew"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Homebrew_video_games" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Homebrew_(video_games)" title="Homebrew (video games)">Homebrew video games</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Atari" title="Atari">Atari</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Atari_2600_games#Homebrew_games" title="List of Atari 2600 games">Atari 2600</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Duck_Attack!" title="Duck Attack!">Duck Attack!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Halo_2600" title="Halo 2600">Halo 2600</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Mayhem" title="Medieval Mayhem">Medieval Mayhem</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oystron" title="Oystron">Oystron</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Revenge_of_the_Apes" title="Revenge of the Apes">Revenge of the Apes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Warring_Worms" title="Warring Worms">Warring Worms</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Atari_Lynx_games#Unlicensed_games" title="List of Atari Lynx games">Lynx</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Championship_Rally_(2000_video_game)" title="Championship Rally (2000 video game)">Championship Rally</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zaku_(video_game)" title="Zaku (video game)">Zaku</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Atari_Jaguar_homebrew_games" title="List of Atari Jaguar homebrew games">Jaguar</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/BattleSphere" title="BattleSphere">BattleSphere Gold</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Out!" title="Black Out!">Black Out!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mad_Bodies" title="Mad Bodies">Mad Bodies</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Protector_(Atari_Jaguar_video_game)" title="Protector (Atari Jaguar video game)">Protector: Special Edition</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Family_BASIC" title="Family BASIC">Family BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nintendo_Entertainment_System_games#After_lifespan" title="List of Nintendo Entertainment System games">NES</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_Kid:_Fortress_of_Peril" title="Battle Kid: Fortress of Peril">Battle Kid: Fortress of Peril</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beat_%27Em_%26_Eat_%27Em" title="Beat 'Em & Eat 'Em">Beat 'Em & Eat 'Em</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/D-Pad_Hero" title="D-Pad Hero">D-Pad Hero</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Justice_Duel" title="Justice Duel">Justice Duel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Log_Jammers" title="Log Jammers">Log Jammers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Micro_Mages" title="Micro Mages">Micro Mages</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System_games#Unlicensed_games" title="List of Super Nintendo Entertainment System games">SNES</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Road_Blaster" title="Road Blaster">Super Road Blaster</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Unholy_Night:_The_Darkness_Hunter" title="Unholy Night: The Darkness Hunter">Unholy Night</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Game_Boy_games#Unlicensed_games" title="List of Game Boy games">Game Boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_DS" title="Nintendo DS">Nintendo DS</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bob%27s_Game" title="Bob's Game">Bob's Game</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Colors!" title="Colors!">Colors!</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sega" title="Sega">Sega</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dreamcast_homebrew_games" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Dreamcast homebrew games">Dreamcast</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Beats_of_Rage" title="Beats of Rage">Beats of Rage</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/DUX_(video_game)" title="DUX (video game)">DUX</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elysian_Shadows" title="Elysian Shadows">Elysian Shadows</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ghost_Blade" title="Ghost Blade">Ghost Blade</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Giana%27s_Return" title="Giana's Return">Giana's Return</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Intrepid_Izzy" title="Intrepid Izzy">Intrepid Izzy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Irides:_Master_of_Blocks" title="Irides: Master of Blocks">Irides: Master of Blocks</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rush_Rush_Rally_Racing" title="Rush Rush Rally Racing">Rush Rush Rally Racing</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sturmwind" title="Sturmwind">Sturmwind</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sega_Genesis_games#Unlicensed_games" title="List of Sega Genesis games">Genesis</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Coffee_Crisis" title="Coffee Crisis">Coffee Crisis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Earth_Defense" title="Earth Defense">Earth Defense</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Legend_of_Wukong" title="Legend of Wukong">Legend of Wukong</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paprium" title="Paprium">Paprium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pier_Solar_and_the_Great_Architects" title="Pier Solar and the Great Architects">Pier Solar and the Great Architects</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tanglewood_(2018_video_game)" title="Tanglewood (2018 video game)">Tanglewood</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A4nzer_(video_game)" title="Tänzer (video game)">Tänzer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Xeno_Crisis" title="Xeno Crisis">Xeno Crisis</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Net_Yaroze_games" title="List of Net Yaroze games">Net Yaroze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_3_homebrew" title="PlayStation 3 homebrew">PlayStation 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Portable_homebrew" title="PlayStation Portable homebrew">PlayStation Portable</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo_Geo_(system)" title="Neo Geo (system)">Neo Geo</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fast_Striker" title="Fast Striker">Fast Striker</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frog_Feast" title="Frog Feast">Frog Feast</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gunlord" title="Gunlord">Gunlord</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Last_Hope_(video_game)" title="Last Hope (video game)">Last Hope</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neo_XYX" title="Neo XYX">Neo XYX</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Razion" title="Razion">Razion</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_TurboGrafx-16_games#Unlicensed_games" title="List of TurboGrafx-16 games">TurboGrafx-16</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mysterious_Song" title="Mysterious Song">Mysterious Song</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Consoles <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analogue_Nt" title="Analogue Nt">Analogue Nt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analogue_Pocket" title="Analogue Pocket">Analogue Pocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GP2X" title="GP2X">GP2X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GP32" title="GP32">GP32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GPD_XD" title="GPD XD">GPD XD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mega_Sg" title="Mega Sg">Mega Sg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouya" title="Ouya">Ouya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandora_(computer)" title="Pandora (computer)">Pandora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Nt" title="Super Nt">Super Nt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Custom firmware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doujin_soft" title="Doujin soft">Doujin soft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fan_game" title="Fan game">Fan game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_cartridge" title="Flash cartridge">Flash cartridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modchip" title="Modchip">Modchip</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Embedded_systems" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Embedded_systems" title="Template:Embedded systems"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Embedded_systems" title="Template talk:Embedded systems"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Embedded_systems" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Embedded systems"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Embedded_systems" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Embedded_system" title="Embedded system">Embedded systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General terms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Application-specific_integrated_circuit" title="Application-specific integrated circuit">ASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_support_package" title="Board support package">Board support package</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bootloader" title="Bootloader">Bootloader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumer_electronics" title="Consumer electronics">Consumer electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_compiler" title="Cross compiler">Cross compiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embedded_database" title="Embedded database">Embedded database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embedded_hypervisor" title="Embedded hypervisor">Embedded hypervisor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embedded_operating_system" title="Embedded operating system">Embedded OS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embedded_software" title="Embedded software">Embedded software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field-programmable_gate_array" title="Field-programmable gate array">FPGA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_of_things" title="Internet of things">IoT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memory_footprint" title="Memory footprint">Memory footprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microcontroller" title="Microcontroller">Microcontroller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-board_computer" title="Single-board computer">Single-board computer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raspberry_Pi" title="Raspberry Pi">Raspberry Pi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/System_on_a_chip" title="System on a chip">SoC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Firmware" title="Firmware">Firmware</a> and controls</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firmware" title="Firmware">Firmware</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Custom firmware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_firmware" title="Proprietary firmware">Proprietary firmware</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed_platform" title="Closed platform">Closed platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crippleware" title="Crippleware">Crippleware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defective_by_Design" title="Defective by Design">Defective by Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hacking_of_consumer_electronics" title="Hacking of consumer electronics">Hacking of consumer electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homebrew_(video_games)" title="Homebrew (video games)">Homebrew (video games)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOS_jailbreaking" title="IOS jailbreaking">iOS jailbreaking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_3_Jailbreak" title="PlayStation 3 Jailbreak">PlayStation 3 Jailbreak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rooting_(Android)" title="Rooting (Android)">Rooting (Android)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UEFI" title="UEFI">UEFI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vendor_lock-in" title="Vendor lock-in">Vendor lock-in</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Booting" title="Booting">Boot loaders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Das_U-Boot" title="Das U-Boot">U-Boot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barebox" title="Barebox">Barebox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Library_(computing)" title="Library (computing)">Software libraries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" 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