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href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lick Observatory</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lick_Sceawungstow" title="Lick Sceawungstow – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Lick Sceawungstow" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B5%D8%AF_%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83" title="مرصد ليك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مرصد ليك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BA_(%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Лик (обсерватория) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лик (обсерватория)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observatori_Lick" title="Observatori Lick – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Observatori Lick" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lickova_observato%C5%99" title="Lickova observatoř – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lickova observatoř" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lick-Observatorium" title="Lick-Observatorium – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lick-Observatorium" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Licki_observatoorium" title="Licki observatoorium – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Licki observatoorium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CE%9B%CE%B9%CE%BA" title="Αστεροσκοπείο Λικ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αστεροσκοπείο Λικ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observatorio_Lick" title="Observatorio Lick – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Observatorio Lick" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observatorio_Lick" title="Observatorio Lick – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Observatorio Lick" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lick_behatokia" title="Lick behatokia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lick behatokia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87_%D9%84%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="رصدخانه لیک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رصدخانه لیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observatoire_Lick" title="Observatoire Lick – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Observatoire Lick" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9adlann_Lick" title="Réadlann Lick – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Réadlann Lick" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%AD_%EC%B2%9C%EB%AC%B8%EB%8C%80" title="릭 천문대 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="릭 천문대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Լիկի աստղադիտարան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լիկի աստղադիտարան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observatorium_Lick" title="Observatorium Lick – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Observatorium Lick" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osservatorio_Lick" title="Osservatorio Lick – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Osservatorio Lick" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A6%D7%A4%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A7" title="מצפה הכוכבים ליק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מצפה הכוכבים ליק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lick-Observatoire" title="Lick-Observatoire – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Lick-Observatoire" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liko_observatorija" title="Liko observatorija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Liko observatorija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ლიკიშ ობსერვატორია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ლიკიშ ობსერვატორია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lick-observatorium" title="Lick-observatorium – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lick-observatorium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0" title="リック天文台 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リック天文台" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lick_Observatory" title="Lick Observatory – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lick Observatory" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lick-observatoriet" title="Lick-observatoriet – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Lick-observatoriet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obserwatorium_Licka" title="Obserwatorium Licka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Obserwatorium Licka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observat%C3%B3rio_Lick" title="Observatório Lick – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Observatório Lick" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ликская обсерватория – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ликская обсерватория" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lick_Observatory" title="Lick Observatory – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lick Observatory" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lick_Observatory" title="Lick Observatory – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lick Observatory" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obserbatoryo_ng_Lick" title="Obserbatoryo ng Lick – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Obserbatoryo ng Lick" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="หอดูดาวลิก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หอดูดาวลิก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lick_G%C3%B6zlemevi" title="Lick Gözlemevi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Lick Gözlemevi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Лікська обсерваторія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лікська обсерваторія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E5%85%8B%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B0" title="利克天文台 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="利克天文台" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lick_Observatory&params=37.3411_N_121.6431_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°20′28″N</span> <span class="longitude">121°38′35″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.3411°N 121.6431°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.3411; -121.6431</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Astronomical observatory in California</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Observatory</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Lick Observatory</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Lick_Observatory_Refractor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Lick_Observatory_Refractor.jpg/290px-Lick_Observatory_Refractor.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Lick_Observatory_Refractor.jpg/435px-Lick_Observatory_Refractor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Lick_Observatory_Refractor.jpg/580px-Lick_Observatory_Refractor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The <a href="/wiki/James_Lick_telescope" title="James Lick telescope">James Lick telescope</a>, housed in the South (large) Dome of main building</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alternative names</th><td class="infobox-data">lick <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461613" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Named after</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_Lick" title="James Lick">James Lick</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461613?uselang=en#P138" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Organization</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California" title="University of California">University of California</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461613?uselang=en#P137" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_observatory_codes" title="List of observatory codes">Observatory code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_observatory_codes#662" title="List of observatory codes"> 662</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461613?uselang=en#P717" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data">near <a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose, California</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lick_Observatory&params=37.3411_N_121.6431_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°20′28″N</span> <span class="longitude">121°38′35″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.3411°N 121.6431°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.3411; -121.6431</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Altitude</th><td class="infobox-data">1,283 m (4,209 ft) <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461613#P2044" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ucolick.org/main/">ucolick<wbr />.org<wbr />/main<wbr />/</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461613#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Telescopes</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Lick Observatory Main Building</li><li><a href="/wiki/Anna_L._Nickel_telescope" title="Anna L. Nickel telescope">Anna L. Nickel telescope</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Automated_Planet_Finder" title="Automated Planet Finder">Automated Planet Finder</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/C._Donald_Shane_telescope" title="C. Donald Shane telescope">C. Donald Shane Telescope</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_telescope" title="Carnegie telescope">Carnegie telescope</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Coud%C3%A9_Auxiliary_Telescope" title="Coudé Auxiliary Telescope">Coudé Auxiliary Telescope</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Crossley_telescope" title="Crossley telescope">Crossley telescope</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/James_Lick_telescope" title="James Lick telescope">James Lick telescope</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Katzman_Automatic_Imaging_Telescope" title="Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope">Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tauchmann_telescope" title="Tauchmann telescope">Tauchmann telescope</a> <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461613?uselang=en#P527" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Lick Observatory is located in the United States"><img alt="Lick Observatory is located in the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/240px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/360px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/480px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:44.547%;left:6.563%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Lick Observatory"><img alt="Lick Observatory" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"><div style="line-height:1.2em;">Location of Lick Observatory</div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lick_Observatory" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Lick Observatory">Related media on Commons</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><div class="metadata" style="text-align: right;">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461613" class="extiw" title="d:Q461613">edit on Wikidata</a>]</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Lick Observatory</b> is an astronomical <a href="/wiki/Observatory" title="Observatory">observatory</a> owned and operated by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California" title="University of California">University of California</a>. It is on the summit of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Hamilton_(California)" title="Mount Hamilton (California)">Mount Hamilton</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Diablo_Range" title="Diablo Range">Diablo Range</a> just east of <a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose, California</a>, United States. The observatory is managed by the University of California Observatories, with headquarters on the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Santa_Cruz" title="University of California, Santa Cruz">University of California, Santa Cruz</a> campus, where its scientific staff moved in the mid-1960s. It is named after <a href="/wiki/James_Lick" title="James Lick">James Lick</a>. </p><p>The first new moon of Jupiter to be identified since the time of Galileo, <a href="/wiki/Amalthea_(moon)" title="Amalthea (moon)">Amalthea</a>, the planet's fifth moon, was discovered at this observatory in 1892. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_history">Early history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lick_Observatory&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lick Observatory is the world's first permanently occupied mountain-top observatory.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The observatory, in a <a href="/wiki/Classical_Revival_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Classical Revival architecture">Classical Revival style</a> structure, was constructed between 1876 and 1887, from a bequest from <a href="/wiki/James_Lick" title="James Lick">James Lick</a> of $700,000, equivalent to $23,737,778 in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-USObs_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USObs-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lick, originally a carpenter and piano maker, had arrived from Peru in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, California, in late 1847; after accruing significant wealth he began making various donations in 1873.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his last deed he chose the site atop Mount Hamilton,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was buried there in 1887 under the future site of the telescope,<sup id="cite_ref-USObs_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USObs-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a brass tablet bearing the inscription, "Here lies the body of James Lick".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LickObservatoryDiagram.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/LickObservatoryDiagram.jpg/260px-LickObservatoryDiagram.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/LickObservatoryDiagram.jpg/390px-LickObservatoryDiagram.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/LickObservatoryDiagram.jpg/520px-LickObservatoryDiagram.jpg 2x" data-file-width="966" data-file-height="587" /></a><figcaption>Layout of the Lick Observatory. The dome housing the 91-centimeter (36-inch) Great Lick refractor telescope is on the right.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lick_Observatory.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Lick_Observatory.JPG/220px-Lick_Observatory.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Lick_Observatory.JPG/330px-Lick_Observatory.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Lick_Observatory.JPG/440px-Lick_Observatory.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1693" data-file-height="1210" /></a><figcaption>Lick Observatory in 1900</figcaption></figure> <p>Lick additionally negotiated that <a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Clara County">Santa Clara County</a> construct a "first-class road" to the summit, completed in 1876.<sup id="cite_ref-USObs_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USObs-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lick chose <a href="/wiki/John_Wright_(architect)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wright (architect)">John Wright</a>, of San Francisco's <a href="/wiki/Wright_%26_Sanders" title="Wright & Sanders">Wright & Sanders</a> firm of architects, to design both the Observatory and the Astronomer's House.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All of the construction materials had to be brought to the site by horse and mule-drawn wagons, which could not negotiate a steep grade. To keep the grade below 6.5%, the road had to take a very winding and sinuous path, which the modern-day road (<a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_130" title="California State Route 130">California State Route 130</a>) still follows. The road from Smith Creek to the summit makes 367 complete turns, in a distance of seven miles.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The road is closed when there is snow.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first telescope installed at the observatory was a 12-inch (300-millimeter) <a href="/wiki/Refracting_telescope" title="Refracting telescope">refractor</a> made by <a href="/wiki/Alvan_Clark" title="Alvan Clark">Alvan Clark</a>. Astronomer <a href="/wiki/E._E._Barnard" class="mw-redirect" title="E. E. Barnard">E. E. Barnard</a> used the telescope to make "exquisite photographs of comets and nebulae", according to D. J. Warner of <a href="/wiki/Warner_%26_Swasey_Company" title="Warner & Swasey Company">Warner & Swasey Company</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-USObs_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USObs-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lick_Telescope_1889.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Lick_Telescope_1889.jpg/170px-Lick_Telescope_1889.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Lick_Telescope_1889.jpg/255px-Lick_Telescope_1889.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Lick_Telescope_1889.jpg/340px-Lick_Telescope_1889.jpg 2x" data-file-width="967" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The Great Lick 91-centimeter (36-inch) refractor, in an 1889 engraving</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1880, a 36-inch (91-centimeter) lens was commissioned to <a href="/wiki/Alvan_Clark_%26_Sons" title="Alvan Clark & Sons">Alvan Clark & Sons</a>, for $51,000 (equivalent to $1,610,000 in 2023). Manufacturing of the lens took until 1885 and it was delivered to :the observatory on December 29, 1886.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Warner_%26_Swasey" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner & Swasey">Warner & Swasey</a> designed and built the telescope mounting. The telescope, built with this lens, became the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Refracting_telescope" title="Refracting telescope">refracting telescope</a> from when it saw <a href="/wiki/First_light_(astronomy)" title="First light (astronomy)">first light</a> on January 3, 1888, until the construction of <a href="/wiki/Yerkes_Observatory" title="Yerkes Observatory">Yerkes Observatory</a> in 1897.<sup id="cite_ref-USObs_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USObs-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Under_the_University_of_California">Under the University of California</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lick_Observatory&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Under the University of California"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In May 1888, the observatory was turned over to the <a href="/wiki/Regents_of_the_University_of_California" title="Regents of the University of California">Regents of the University of California</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes1888_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes1888-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it became the first permanently occupied mountain-top observatory in the world. <a href="/wiki/Edward_Singleton_Holden" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Singleton Holden">Edward Singleton Holden</a> was the first director. The location provided excellent viewing performance because of lack of ambient light and pollution; additionally, the night air at the top of Mt. Hamilton is extremely calm. Often a <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_fog" title="San Francisco fog">layer of low coastal clouds</a> invades the valley below, especially on nights from late-spring to mid-summer, a phenomenon known in California as the <a href="/wiki/June_Gloom" title="June Gloom">June Gloom</a>. On nights when the observatory remains above that layer, light pollution can be greatly reduced.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Edward_Emerson_Barnard" title="Edward Emerson Barnard">E. E. Barnard</a> used the telescope in 1892 to discover a fifth <a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Jupiter" title="Moons of Jupiter">moon of Jupiter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amalthea_(moon)" title="Amalthea (moon)">Amalthea</a>. This was the first addition to Jupiter's known moons since <a href="/wiki/Galileo" class="mw-redirect" title="Galileo">Galileo</a> observed the planet through his parchment tube and <a href="/wiki/Spectacle_lens" class="mw-redirect" title="Spectacle lens">spectacle lens</a>. The telescope provided <a href="/wiki/Spectrum" title="Spectrum">spectra</a> for <a href="/wiki/William_Wallace_Campbell" title="William Wallace Campbell">W. W. Campbell's</a> work on the <a href="/wiki/Radial_velocities" class="mw-redirect" title="Radial velocities">radial velocities</a> of <a href="/wiki/Star" title="Star">stars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-USObs_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USObs-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1905 (Jan. 5 and Feb. 27), <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dillon_Perrine" title="Charles Dillon Perrine">Charles Dillon Perrine</a> discovered the sixth and seventh moons of Jupiter (Elara and Himalia) on photographs taken with the 36-inch Crossley reflecting telescope which he had recently rebuilt.<sup id="cite_ref-Perrine_1905_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perrine_1905-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Discovery_of_a_Sixth_Satellite_of_J_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Discovery_of_a_Sixth_Satellite_of_J-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1928, Donald C. Shane studied <a href="/wiki/Carbon_star" title="Carbon star">carbon stars</a>, and was able to distinguish them into spectral classes <i>R</i>0–<i>R</i>9 and <i>N</i>0–<i>N</i>7 <i>(</i>on this scale <i>N</i>7 is the reddest and <i>R</i>0 the bluest).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was an expansion of <a href="/wiki/Annie_Jump_Cannon" title="Annie Jump Cannon">Annie Jump Cannon</a> of Harvard's work on carbon stars that had divided them into R and N types.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The N stars have more <a href="/wiki/Cyanogen" title="Cyanogen">cyanogen</a> and the R stars have more carbon.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On May 21, 1939, during a nighttime fog that engulfed the summit, a U.S. Army Air Force <a href="/wiki/Northrop_A-17" title="Northrop A-17">Northrop A-17</a> two-seater attack plane crashed into the main building. Because a scientific meeting was being held elsewhere, the only staff member present was <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Mayall" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas Mayall">Nicholas Mayall</a>. Nothing caught fire and the two individuals in the building were unharmed. </p><p>The pilot of the plane, Lt. Richard F. Lorenz, and passenger Private W. E. Scott were killed instantly. The telephone line was broken by the crash, so no help could be called for at first. Eventually help arrived together with numerous reporters and photographers, who kept arriving almost all night long. Evidence of their numbers could be seen the next day by the litter of flash bulbs carpeting the parking lot. </p><p>The press widely covered the accident and many reports emphasized the luck in not losing a large cabinet of spectrograms which was knocked over by the crash coming through an astronomer's office window. There was no damage to the telescope dome.<sup id="cite_ref-Stone1970_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stone1970-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes1939_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes1939-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1950, the <a href="/wiki/California_state_legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="California state legislature">California state legislature</a> appropriated funds for a 120-inch (300-centimeter) <a href="/wiki/Reflector_telescope" class="mw-redirect" title="Reflector telescope">reflector telescope</a>, which was completed in 1959. The observatory additionally has a 24-inch (61-centimeter) <a href="/wiki/Cassegrain_reflector" title="Cassegrain reflector">Cassegrain reflector</a> dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Photoelectric" class="mw-redirect" title="Photoelectric">photoelectric</a> measurements of star brightness, and received a pair of 20-inch (51-centimeter) <a href="/wiki/Astrograph" title="Astrograph">astrographs</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Carnegie Corporation">Carnegie Corporation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-USObs_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USObs-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Time-signal_service">Time-signal service</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lick_Observatory&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Time-signal service"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1886, Lick Observatory begins supplying Railroad <a href="/wiki/Standard_time#North_America" title="Standard time">Standard Time</a> to the Southern Pacific Railroad, and to other businesses, over <a href="/wiki/Telegraphy" title="Telegraphy">telegraph</a> lines. The signal was generated by a <a href="/wiki/Clock" title="Clock">clock</a> manufactured by <a href="/wiki/E._Howard_%26_Co." title="E. Howard & Co.">E. Howard & Co.</a> specifically for the Observatory, and which included an electric apparatus for transmitting the time signal over telegraph lines. While most of the nation's railroads received their time signal from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Observatory" title="United States Naval Observatory">U.S. Naval Observatory</a> time signal via <a href="/wiki/Western_Union" title="Western Union">Western Union</a>'s telegraph lines, the Lick Observatory Time-Signal was used by railroads from the West coast all the way to Colorado.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="21st_century">21st century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lick_Observatory&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lick_Observatory_from_Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Lick_Observatory_from_Park.jpg/220px-Lick_Observatory_from_Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Lick_Observatory_from_Park.jpg/330px-Lick_Observatory_from_Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Lick_Observatory_from_Park.jpg/440px-Lick_Observatory_from_Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Lick Observatory from <a href="/wiki/Grant_Ranch_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Grant Ranch Park">Grant Ranch Park</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lick_Observatory_aerial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Lick_Observatory_aerial.jpg/220px-Lick_Observatory_aerial.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Lick_Observatory_aerial.jpg/330px-Lick_Observatory_aerial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Lick_Observatory_aerial.jpg/440px-Lick_Observatory_aerial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1495" data-file-height="1535" /></a><figcaption>Lick Observatory and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Hamilton_(California)" title="Mount Hamilton (California)">Mount Hamilton</a>, looking east on takeoff from <a href="/wiki/Mineta_San_Jos%C3%A9_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Mineta San José International Airport">Mineta San José International Airport</a></figcaption></figure> <p>With the growth of San Jose, and the rest of Silicon Valley, <a href="/wiki/Light_pollution" title="Light pollution">light pollution</a> became a problem for the observatory. In the 1970s, a site in the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Lucia_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Lucia Mountains">Santa Lucia Mountains</a> at <a href="/wiki/Jun%C3%ADpero_Serra_Peak" class="mw-redirect" title="Junípero Serra Peak">Junípero Serra Peak</a>, southeast of <a href="/wiki/Monterey,_California" title="Monterey, California">Monterey</a>, was evaluated for possible relocation of many of the telescopes.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> However, funding for the move was not available, and in 1980 San Jose began a program to reduce the effects of lighting, most notably replacing all streetlamps with <a href="/wiki/Sodium_vapor_lamp#Low_pressure_/_LPS_/_SOX" class="mw-redirect" title="Sodium vapor lamp">low pressure sodium lamps</a>. The result is that the Mount Hamilton site remains a viable location for a major working observatory. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/International_Astronomical_Union" title="International Astronomical Union">International Astronomical Union</a> named <a href="/wiki/6216_San_Jose" title="6216 San Jose">Asteroid 6216 San Jose</a> to honor the city's efforts toward reducing <a href="/wiki/Light_pollution" title="Light pollution">light pollution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-asteroid_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-asteroid-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2006, there were 23 families in residence, plus typically between two and ten visiting astronomers from the University of California campuses, who stay in dormitories while working at the observatory. The little town of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Hamilton_(California)" title="Mount Hamilton (California)">Mount Hamilton</a> atop the mountain has its own police and a post office, and until 2005 had a one-room K-8 school.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2008, there were 38 people residing on the mountain; the chef and commons dinner were decommissioned.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> By 2013, with continuing budget and staff cuts there remain only about nineteen residents and it is common for the observers to work from remote observing stations rather than make the drive, partly as a result of the business office raising the cost to stay in the dorms.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2013)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The swimming pool has been closed.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013, one of Lick Observatory's key funding sources was scheduled for elimination in 2018, which many worried would result in the closing of the entire observatory.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2014, the University of California announced its intention to continue support of Lick Observatory.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Telescopes at Lick Observatory are used by researchers from many campuses of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California" title="University of California">University of California</a> system. Current topics of research carried out at Lick include <a href="/wiki/Exoplanets" class="mw-redirect" title="Exoplanets">exoplanets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Supernovae" class="mw-redirect" title="Supernovae">supernovae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Active_galactic_nuclei" class="mw-redirect" title="Active galactic nuclei">active galactic nuclei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Planetary_science" title="Planetary science">planetary science</a>, and development of new <a href="/wiki/Adaptive_optics" title="Adaptive optics">adaptive optics</a> technologies. </p><p>In 2015, <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> donated $1 million to the observatory over two years.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2020, the observatory was in danger of being destroyed by the rapidly growing <a href="/wiki/SCU_Lightning_Complex_fires" title="SCU Lightning Complex fires">SCU Lightning Complex fires</a>. Firefighters were on standby at Lick Observatory to defend the buildings if necessary.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of the evening of August 19, 2020, the fire was on observatory property and moving quickly.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the residences on Mt. Hamilton sustained some damage during the following night, the telescopes and domes survived.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Significant_discoveries">Significant discoveries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lick_Observatory&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Significant discoveries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AmaltheaSimulation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/AmaltheaSimulation.jpg/220px-AmaltheaSimulation.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/AmaltheaSimulation.jpg/330px-AmaltheaSimulation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/AmaltheaSimulation.jpg/440px-AmaltheaSimulation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="672" /></a><figcaption>Simulation of <a href="/wiki/Amalthea_(moon)" title="Amalthea (moon)">Amalthea</a> orbiting <a href="/wiki/Jupiter" title="Jupiter">Jupiter</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The following astronomical objects were discovered at Lick Observatory: </p> <ul><li>Measurement of the size of the major moons of Jupiter by <a href="/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert Abraham Michelson">A. A. Michelson</a> in 1891<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Several <a href="/wiki/Moons_of_Jupiter" title="Moons of Jupiter">moons of Jupiter</a><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amalthea_(moon)" title="Amalthea (moon)">Amalthea</a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elara_(moon)" title="Elara (moon)">Elara</a><sup id="cite_ref-Perrine_1905_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perrine_1905-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Himalia_(moon)" title="Himalia (moon)">Himalia</a><sup id="cite_ref-Discovery_of_a_Sixth_Satellite_of_J_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Discovery_of_a_Sixth_Satellite_of_J-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinope_(moon)" title="Sinope (moon)">Sinope</a><sup id="cite_ref-Jupiter_IX_discovery_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jupiter_IX_discovery-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_asteroid" class="mw-redirect" title="Near-Earth asteroid">Near-Earth asteroid</a> <a href="/wiki/(29075)_1950_DA" title="(29075) 1950 DA">(29075) 1950 DA</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Several <a href="/wiki/Extrasolar_planet" class="mw-redirect" title="Extrasolar planet">extrasolar planets</a> <ul><li>Quintuple planet system <ul><li><a href="/wiki/55_Cancri" title="55 Cancri">55 Cancri</a><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>Triple planet system <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Upsilon_Andromedae" title="Upsilon Andromedae">Upsilon Andromedae</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Whipple_Observatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Whipple Observatory">Whipple Observatory</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>Double planet systems <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HD_38529" title="HD 38529">HD 38529</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Keck_Observatory" class="mw-redirect" title="Keck Observatory">Keck Observatory</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Fischer2001_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fischer2001-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD_12661" title="HD 12661">HD 12661</a> (with Keck)<sup id="cite_ref-Fischer2001_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fischer2001-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gliese_876" title="Gliese 876">Gliese 876</a> (with Keck)<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/47_Ursae_Majoris" title="47 Ursae Majoris">47 Ursae Majoris</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>The first detection of <a href="/wiki/Emission_lines" class="mw-redirect" title="Emission lines">emission lines</a> in the spectrum of an <a href="/wiki/Active_galaxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Active galaxy">active galaxy</a><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Astrophysical_jet" title="Astrophysical jet">jet</a> emerging from the <a href="/wiki/Active_galactic_nucleus" title="Active galactic nucleus">active nucleus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Messier_87" title="Messier 87">Messier 87</a><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The hidden <a href="/wiki/Active_galactic_nucleus" title="Active galactic nucleus">active galactic nucleus</a> in <a href="/wiki/NGC_1068" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 1068">NGC 1068</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> detected using <a href="/wiki/Spectropolarimetry" class="mw-redirect" title="Spectropolarimetry">spectropolarimetry</a></li></ul> <p>In addition to observations of natural phenomena, Lick was also the location of the first <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Laser_Ranging_experiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar Laser Ranging experiment">laser range-finding</a> observation of the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a> reflector, although this was only for confirmation purposes and no ongoing range-finding work was performed.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Equipment">Equipment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lick_Observatory&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lick_Observatory_Shane_Telescope.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Lick_Observatory_Shane_Telescope.jpg/220px-Lick_Observatory_Shane_Telescope.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Lick_Observatory_Shane_Telescope.jpg/330px-Lick_Observatory_Shane_Telescope.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Lick_Observatory_Shane_Telescope.jpg/440px-Lick_Observatory_Shane_Telescope.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Lick Observatory's <a href="/wiki/C._Donald_Shane_telescope" title="C. Donald Shane telescope">Shane 120-inch (3-meter) telescope</a> (center) along with the nearby <a href="/wiki/Automated_Planet_Finder" title="Automated Planet Finder">Automated Planet Finder</a> 100-inch (250-centimeter) reflector</figcaption></figure> <p>Below is a list of the nine telescopes currently<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lick_Observatory&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> operating at the observatory:<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/C._Donald_Shane_telescope" title="C. Donald Shane telescope">C. Donald Shane telescope</a> 120-inch (3-meter) <a href="/wiki/Reflecting_telescope" title="Reflecting telescope">reflector</a> (Shane Dome, Tycho Brahe Peak). Its instrumentation includes: <ul><li>The Hamilton spectrometer</li> <li>The Kast double spectrograph</li> <li>The ShaneAO <a href="/wiki/Adaptive_optics" title="Adaptive optics">adaptive optics</a> system with laser guide star</li></ul></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Automated_Planet_Finder" title="Automated Planet Finder">Automated Planet Finder</a> 94-inch (2.4-meter) reflector. First light was originally scheduled for 2006. The telescope finally came into regular use in 2013.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Anna_L._Nickel_telescope" title="Anna L. Nickel telescope">Anna L. Nickel</a> 39-inch (1-meter) reflector (North (small) Dome, Main Building)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/James_Lick_telescope" title="James Lick telescope">Great Lick</a> 36-inch (91-centimeter) refractor (South Dome, Main Building, Observatory Peak)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Crossley_telescope" title="Crossley telescope">Crossley</a> 35-inch (90-centimeter) reflector (Crossley Dome, Ptolemy Peak)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Katzman_Automatic_Imaging_Telescope" title="Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope">Katzman Automatic Imaging Telescope</a> (KAIT) 30-inch (76-centimeter) reflector (24-inch Dome, Kepler Peak)</li> <li>The 24-inch (60-centimeter) <a href="/wiki/Coud%C3%A9_Auxiliary_Telescope" title="Coudé Auxiliary Telescope">Coudé Auxiliary Telescope</a> (Inside of Shane Dome, South wall, Tycho Brahe Peak)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Tauchmann_telescope" title="Tauchmann telescope">Tauchmann</a> 20-inch (50-centimeter) reflector (Tauchmann Dome atop the water tank, Huygens Peak)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_telescope" title="Carnegie telescope">Carnegie</a> 20-inch (50-centimeter) twin refractor (Double <a href="/wiki/Astrograph" title="Astrograph">Astrograph</a> Dome, Tycho Brahe Peak)</li></ul> <p>Below is a list of equipment that formerly operated at the observatory: </p> <ul><li>CCD Comet Camera 135-millimeter (5.3-inch) <a href="/wiki/Nikon" title="Nikon">Nikon</a> camera lens ("The Outhouse" Southwest of the Shane Dome, Tycho Brahe Peak)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lick_Observatory&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Dillon_Perrine" title="Charles Dillon Perrine">Charles Dillon Perrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harland_Epps" title="Harland Epps">Harland Epps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_astronomical_observatories" title="List of astronomical observatories">List of astronomical observatories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_optical_refracting_telescopes" title="List of largest optical refracting telescopes">List of largest optical refracting telescopes</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lick_Observatory&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lick_Observatory&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://collections.ucolick.org/archives_on_line/bldg_the_obs.html">"The Lick Observatory Collections Project: Building the Observatory"</a>. <i>collections.ucolick.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 19,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=collections.ucolick.org&rft.atitle=The+Lick+Observatory+Collections+Project%3A+Building+the+Observatory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcollections.ucolick.org%2Farchives_on_line%2Fbldg_the_obs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALick+Observatory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USObs-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USObs_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USObs_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USObs_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USObs_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USObs_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USObs_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USObs_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirby-Smith1976" class="citation book cs1">Kirby-Smith, H. T. (1976). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/usobservatoriesd0000kirb"><i>U.S. Observatories</i></a></span>. New York, US: Litton Educational Publishing, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-442-24451-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-442-24451-4"><bdi>978-0-442-24451-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=U.S.+Observatories&rft.place=New+York%2C+US&rft.pub=Litton+Educational+Publishing%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0-442-24451-4&rft.aulast=Kirby-Smith&rft.aufirst=H.+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fusobservatoriesd0000kirb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALick+Observatory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/00694234/">"Lick Observatory, Mt. Hamilton, Cal"</a>. <i>loc.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 19,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=loc.gov&rft.atitle=Lick+Observatory%2C+Mt.+Hamilton%2C+Cal.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fitem%2F00694234%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALick+Observatory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoote1888" class="citation book cs1">Foote, H.S. (1888). <i>Santa Clara County, California</i>. Chicago, Illinois: The Lewis Publishing Company. pp. 126–133.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Santa+Clara+County%2C+California&rft.place=Chicago%2C+Illinois&rft.pages=126-133&rft.pub=The+Lewis+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1888&rft.aulast=Foote&rft.aufirst=H.S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALick+Observatory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCalhoun" class="citation web cs1">Calhoun, Liz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://umich.edu/~lowbrows/reflections/2010/lcalhoun.4.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"To The Unmounted Lens" from Hand-book of the Lick Observatory"</a>. <i>University Lowbrow Astronomers</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 31,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+Lowbrow+Astronomers&rft.atitle=%22To+The+Unmounted+Lens%22+from+Hand-book+of+the+Lick+Observatory&rft.aulast=Calhoun&rft.aufirst=Liz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fumich.edu%2F~lowbrows%2Freflections%2F2010%2Flcalhoun.4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALick+Observatory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">California Architect and Business News, 9/1881; Lick Observatory Archives.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008904689"><i>On the road to Mt. Hamilton, a guide book for the tourist ...</i></a> San Jose?.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+the+road+to+Mt.+Hamilton%2C+a+guide+book+for+the+tourist+...&rft.place=San+Jose%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.hathitrust.org%2FRecord%2F008904689&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALick+Observatory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Mount_Hamilton_(California)" title="Mount Hamilton (California)">Mount Hamilton (California)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes1888-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes1888_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9D03E3DD143AE033A2575AC2A9639C94699FD7CF">"The Lick Observatory Completed (from San Francisco Alto May 22, 1888)"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. May 29, 1888. p. 5. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <q>Sometime this week the Trustees of the James Lick Estate will convey to the Board of Regents of the State University the Mount Hamilton Observatory.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Lick+Observatory+Completed+%28from+San+Francisco+Alto+May+22%2C+1888%29&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1888-05-29&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3D9D03E3DD143AE033A2575AC2A9639C94699FD7CF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALick+Observatory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Perrine_1905-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Perrine_1905_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Perrine_1905_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerrine1905" class="citation journal cs1">Perrine, C. D. (March 30, 1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/PASP./0017//0000062.000.html">"The Seventh Satellite of Jupiter"</a>. <i>Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific</i>. <b>17</b> (101): 62–63. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1905PASP...17...56.">1905PASP...17...56.</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F121624">10.1086/121624</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40691209">40691209</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Publications+of+the+Astronomical+Society+of+the+Pacific&rft.atitle=The+Seventh+Satellite+of+Jupiter&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=101&rft.pages=62-63&rft.date=1905-03-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40691209%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F121624&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1905PASP...17...56.&rft.aulast=Perrine&rft.aufirst=C.+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadsabs.harvard.edu%2F%2Ffull%2Fseri%2FPASP.%2F0017%2F%2F0000062.000.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALick+Observatory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Discovery_of_a_Sixth_Satellite_of_J-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Discovery_of_a_Sixth_Satellite_of_J_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Discovery_of_a_Sixth_Satellite_of_J_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPorter1905" class="citation journal cs1">Porter, J.G. (1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F103612">"Discovery of a Sixth Satellite of Jupiter"</a>. <i>Astronomical Journal</i>. <b>24</b> (18): 154B. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1905AJ.....24..154P">1905AJ.....24..154P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F103612">10.1086/103612</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Astronomical+Journal&rft.atitle=Discovery+of+a+Sixth+Satellite+of+Jupiter&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=18&rft.pages=154B&rft.date=1905&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F103612&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1905AJ.....24..154P&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=J.G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1086%252F103612&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALick+Observatory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.skyandtelescope.com/observing/observing-carbon-stars/">"Observing Carbon Stars"</a>. <i>Sky & Telescope</i>. May 22, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 11,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sky+%26+Telescope&rft.atitle=Observing+Carbon+Stars&rft.date=2018-05-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.skyandtelescope.com%2Fobserving%2Fobserving-carbon-stars%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALick+Observatory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stone1970-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stone1970_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMayall1970" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Mayall" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas Mayall">Mayall, Nicholas Ulrich</a> (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nuA7AAAAIAAJ">"Nicholas U. Mayall"</a>. In Stone, Irving (ed.). <i>There was light: Autobiography of a university: Berkeley, 1868–1968</i>. Garden City, New York: Doubleday & Company, Inc. pp. 117–8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nicholas+U.+Mayall&rft.btitle=There+was+light%3A+Autobiography+of+a+university%3A+Berkeley%2C+1868%E2%80%931968&rft.place=Garden+City%2C+New+York&rft.pages=117-8&rft.pub=Doubleday+%26+Company%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Mayall&rft.aufirst=Nicholas+Ulrich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnuA7AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALick+Observatory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes1939-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes1939_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F70810FB3C54107A93C0AB178ED85F4D8385F9">"2 Die as Army Plane Hits Lick Observatory, Damaging Offices and Destroying Records"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i> (Late City ed.). Associated Press. May 22, 1939. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <q>Lost in thick fog, an army attack plane crashed into Lick Astronomical Observatory of the University of California on Mount Hamilton tonight. Its two occupants were killed. They were Lieut. R. F. Lorenz, 25, of March Field, the pilot, and Private W. E. Scott, a passenger.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=2+Die+as+Army+Plane+Hits+Lick+Observatory%2C+Damaging+Offices+and+Destroying+Records&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1939-05-22&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fselect.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Fabstract.html%3Fres%3DF70810FB3C54107A93C0AB178ED85F4D8385F9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALick+Observatory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.donrjordan.com/lickcrash.html">Airplane Crash at the Lick Observatory</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080827170111/http://www.donrjordan.com/lickcrash.html">Archived</a> August 27, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.donrjordan.com/licka17crash.html">The Lick Observatory A-17A</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090422182251/http://www.donrjordan.com/licka17crash.html">Archived</a> April 22, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolden1888" class="citation book cs1">Holden, Edward Singleton (1888). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/handbookoflickob00holdrich"><i>Hand-book of the Lick Observatory of the University of California</i></a>. University of California Libraries. San Francisco : The Bancroft Company. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/handbookoflickob00holdrich/page/99">99</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hand-book+of+the+Lick+Observatory+of+the+University+of+California&rft.pages=99&rft.pub=San+Francisco+%3A+The+Bancroft+Company&rft.date=1888&rft.aulast=Holden&rft.aufirst=Edward+Singleton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhandbookoflickob00holdrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALick+Observatory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-asteroid-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-asteroid_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucsc.edu/oncampus/currents/97-98/05-25/asteroid.htm">UCSC, Lick Observatory designate asteroid for the city of San Jose</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070817095443/http://www.ucsc.edu/oncampus/currents/97-98/05-25/asteroid.htm">Archived</a> August 17, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cde.ca.gov/re/sd/details.asp?cds=43693696046262&Public=Y">"Mt. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 31,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Atlas+Obscura&rft.atitle=Lick+Observatory&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=Annetta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlasobscura.com%2Fplaces%2Flick-observatory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALick+Observatory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoban2014" class="citation news cs1">Hoban, Virgie (September 2, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailycal.org/2014/09/02/facing-waning-future/">"Facing a Waning Future"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Californian" title="The Daily Californian">The Daily Californian</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Californian&rft.atitle=Facing+a+Waning+Future&rft.pages=1%2B&rft.date=2014-09-02&rft.aulast=Hoban&rft.aufirst=Virgie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailycal.org%2F2014%2F09%2F02%2Ffacing-waning-future%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALick+Observatory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOverbye2014" class="citation journal cs1">Overbye, Dennis (June 3, 2014). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/03/science/space/a-star-gazing-palaces-hazy-future.html?module=Search&mabReward=relbias%3Ar%2C%7B%221%22%3A%22RI%3A11%22%7D&_r=0">"A Star-Gazing Palace's Hazy Future"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"Five Planets Orbiting 55 Cancri". <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. <b>675</b> (1): 790–801. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/0712.3917">0712.3917</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008ApJ...675..790F">2008ApJ...675..790F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F525512">10.1086/525512</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:55779685">55779685</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Astrophysical+Journal&rft.atitle=Five+Planets+Orbiting+55+Cancri&rft.volume=675&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=790-801&rft.date=2008-03-01&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F0712.3917&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A55779685%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F525512&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2008ApJ...675..790F&rft.aulast=Fischer&rft.aufirst=Debra+A.&rft.au=Marcy%2C+Geoffrey+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALick+Observatory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.physics.sfsu.edu/~gmarcy/planetsearch/upsand/upsand.html">"A Triple-Planet System Orbiting Ups Andromedae"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_State_University" title="San Francisco State University">San Francisco State University</a></i>. Lick Observatory<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 23,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+State+University&rft.atitle=A+Triple-Planet+System+Orbiting+Ups+Andromedae&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.physics.sfsu.edu%2F~gmarcy%2Fplanetsearch%2Fupsand%2Fupsand.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALick+Observatory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fischer2001-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fischer2001_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fischer2001_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFischerMarcyButlerVogt2001" class="citation journal cs1">Fischer, Debra A.; et al. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F320224">"Planetary Companions to HD 12661, HD 92788, and HD 38529 and Variations in Keplerian Residuals of Extrasolar Planets"</a>. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. <b>551</b> (2): 1107–1118. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001ApJ...551.1107F">2001ApJ...551.1107F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F320224">10.1086/320224</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Astrophysical+Journal&rft.atitle=Planetary+Companions+to+HD+12661%2C+HD+92788%2C+and+HD+38529+and+Variations+in+Keplerian+Residuals+of+Extrasolar+Planets&rft.volume=551&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=1107-1118&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F320224&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2001ApJ...551.1107F&rft.aulast=Fischer&rft.aufirst=Debra+A.&rft.au=Marcy%2C+Geoffrey+W.&rft.au=Butler%2C+R.+Paul&rft.au=Vogt%2C+Steven+S.&rft.au=Frink%2C+Sabine&rft.au=Apps%2C+Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1086%252F320224&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALick+Observatory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarcyButlerVogtFischer1998" class="citation journal cs1">Marcy, Geoffrey W.; Butler, R. Paul; et al. (1998). "A Planetary Companion to a Nearby M4 Dwarf, Gliese 876". <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. <b>505</b> (2): L147–L149. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9807307">astro-ph/9807307</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998ApJ...505L.147M">1998ApJ...505L.147M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F311623">10.1086/311623</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:2679107">2679107</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Astrophysical+Journal&rft.atitle=A+Planetary+Companion+to+a+Nearby+M4+Dwarf%2C+Gliese+876&rft.volume=505&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=L147-L149&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fastro-ph%2F9807307&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A2679107%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F311623&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1998ApJ...505L.147M&rft.aulast=Marcy&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey+W.&rft.au=Butler%2C+R.+Paul&rft.au=Vogt%2C+Steven+S.&rft.au=Fischer%2C+Debra&rft.au=Lissauer%2C+Jack+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALick+Observatory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFischerMarcyButlerLaughlin2002" class="citation journal cs1">Fischer, Debra A.; Marcy, Geoffrey W.; et al. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F324336">"A Second Planet Orbiting 47 Ursae Majoris"</a>. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. <b>564</b> (2): 1028–1034. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002ApJ...564.1028F">2002ApJ...564.1028F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F324336">10.1086/324336</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Astrophysical+Journal&rft.atitle=A+Second+Planet+Orbiting+47+Ursae+Majoris&rft.volume=564&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=1028-1034&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F324336&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2002ApJ...564.1028F&rft.aulast=Fischer&rft.aufirst=Debra+A.&rft.au=Marcy%2C+Geoffrey+W.&rft.au=Butler%2C+R.+Paul&rft.au=Laughlin%2C+Gregory&rft.au=Vogt%2C+Steven+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1086%252F324336&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALick+Observatory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFath1909" class="citation journal cs1">Fath, E. A. (1909). "The spectra of some spiral nebulae and globular star clusters". <i>Lick Observatory Bulletin</i>. <b>149</b>: 71–77. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1909LicOB...5...71F">1909LicOB...5...71F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5479%2FADS%2Fbib%2F1909LicOB.5.71F">10.5479/ADS/bib/1909LicOB.5.71F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fuc1.c2914873">2027/uc1.c2914873</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lick+Observatory+Bulletin&rft.atitle=The+spectra+of+some+spiral+nebulae+and+globular+star+clusters&rft.volume=149&rft.pages=71-77&rft.date=1909&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fuc1.c2914873&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5479%2FADS%2Fbib%2F1909LicOB.5.71F&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1909LicOB...5...71F&rft.aulast=Fath&rft.aufirst=E.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALick+Observatory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurtis1918" class="citation journal cs1">Curtis, H. D. (1918). "Descriptions of 762 Nebulae and Clusters Photographed with the Crossley Reflector". <i>Publications of the Lick Observatory</i>. <b>XIII</b>: 9. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1918PLicO..13....9C">1918PLicO..13....9C</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Publications+of+the+Lick+Observatory&rft.atitle=Descriptions+of+762+Nebulae+and+Clusters+Photographed+with+the+Crossley+Reflector&rft.volume=XIII&rft.pages=9&rft.date=1918&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1918PLicO..13....9C&rft.aulast=Curtis&rft.aufirst=H.+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALick+Observatory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAntonucciMiller1985" class="citation journal cs1">Antonucci, R. R. J.; Miller, J. S. (October 15, 1985). "Spectropolarimetry and the Nature of NGC 1068". <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. <b>297</b>: 621–632. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1985ApJ...297..621A">1985ApJ...297..621A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F163559">10.1086/163559</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Astrophysical+Journal&rft.atitle=Spectropolarimetry+and+the+Nature+of+NGC+1068&rft.volume=297&rft.pages=621-632&rft.date=1985-10-15&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F163559&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1985ApJ...297..621A&rft.aulast=Antonucci&rft.aufirst=R.+R.+J.&rft.au=Miller%2C+J.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALick+Observatory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csr.utexas.edu/mlrs/history.html">"History of Laser Ranging"</a>. <i>University of Texas Center for Space Research</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 2,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Texas+Center+for+Space+Research&rft.atitle=History+of+Laser+Ranging&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csr.utexas.edu%2Fmlrs%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALick+Observatory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181212214739/http://www.ucolick.org/public/telescopes/index.html">"Telescopes of the Lick Observatory"</a>. University of California Observatories. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucolick.org/public/telescopes/index.html">the original</a> on December 12, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 31,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Telescopes+of+the+Lick+Observatory&rft.pub=University+of+California+Observatories&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucolick.org%2Fpublic%2Ftelescopes%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALick+Observatory" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lick_Observatory&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell1902" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Wallace_Campbell" title="William Wallace Campbell">Campbell, William Wallace</a> (September 1902). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1gYNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA321">"The Lick Observatory And Its Problems"</a>. <i>Overland Monthly, and Out West Magazine</i>. <b>XL</b> (3): 321–<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 15,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Overland+Monthly%2C+and+Out+West+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Lick+Observatory+And+Its+Problems&rft.volume=XL&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=321-&rft.date=1902-09&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=William+Wallace&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1gYNAQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DRA3-PA321&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALick+Observatory" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Vasilevskis, S. and Osterbrock, D. E. (1989) "Charles Donald Shane" <i>Biographical Memoirs, Volume 58</i> pp. 489–512, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-309-03938-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-309-03938-X">0-309-03938-X</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lick_Observatory&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolden1888" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edward_S._Holden" title="Edward S. Holden">Holden, Edward S.</a> (1888). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/handbookoflickob00holdrich"><i>Hand-book of the Lick Observatory of the University of California</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hand-book+of+the+Lick+Observatory+of+the+University+of+California&rft.date=1888&rft.aulast=Holden&rft.aufirst=Edward+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhandbookoflickob00holdrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALick+Observatory" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/miningscien56unse">"Lick Observatory Edition"</a>. <i>Mining and Scientific Press</i>. June 23, 1888.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mining+and+Scientific+Press&rft.atitle=Lick+Observatory+Edition&rft.date=1888-06-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fminingscien56unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALick+Observatory" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Helen_Wright_Greuter" title="Mary Helen Wright Greuter">Wright, Helen</a> (1987). <i>James Lick's Monument: The Saga of Captain Richard Floyd and the Building of the Lick Observatory</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=James+Lick%27s+Monument%3A+The+Saga+of+Captain+Richard+Floyd+and+the+Building+of+the+Lick+Observatory&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Helen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALick+Observatory" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521321051" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521321051">978-0521321051</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lick_Observatory&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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/></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> has media related to:<br /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Lick_Observatory" class="extiw" title="commons:Lick Observatory"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Lick Observatory</span></a> (<a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lick_Observatory" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Lick Observatory">category</a>)</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has the text of the 1920 <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Americana" title="Encyclopedia Americana">Encyclopedia Americana</a></i> article <i><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_Americana_(1920)/Lick_Observatory" class="extiw" title="s:The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Lick Observatory">Lick Observatory</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mthamilton.ucolick.org/">Lick Observatory</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://guides.library.ucsc.edu/speccoll/lick">Lick Observatory Archive at UC Santa Cruz</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://n2t.net/ark:/38305/f19c6wg4">Lick Observatory Records Digital Archive, from the UC Santa Cruz Library's Digital Collections</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bibnum.obspm.fr/ark:/11287/1hdJp">Photographs</a> (1884) from the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Observatory" title="Paris Observatory">Paris Observatory</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190614134013/https://bibnum.obspm.fr/">Digital library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucolick.org/">The University of California Observatories</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFB511, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFB511;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:University_of_California" title="Template:University of California"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:University_of_California" title="Template talk:University of California"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:University_of_California" title="Special:EditPage/Template:University of California"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#FFFFFF">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="University_of_California" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/University_of_California" title="University of California"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">University of California</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#1295D8; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFB511, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFB511;;width:1%">Campuses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">Berkeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Davis" title="University of California, Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Irvine" title="University of California, Irvine">Irvine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Merced" title="University of California, Merced">Merced</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Riverside" title="University of California, Riverside">Riverside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Diego" title="University of California, San Diego">San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Francisco" title="University of California, San Francisco">San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Santa_Barbara" title="University of California, Santa Barbara">Santa Barbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Santa_Cruz" title="University of California, Santa Cruz">Santa Cruz</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_University_of_California.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="UCD Water tower"><img alt="UCD Water tower" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Seal_of_the_University_of_California.svg/105px-Seal_of_the_University_of_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="105" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Seal_of_the_University_of_California.svg/158px-Seal_of_the_University_of_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Seal_of_the_University_of_California.svg/210px-Seal_of_the_University_of_California.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#1295D8; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFB511, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFB511;;width:1%">Governance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regents_of_the_University_of_California" title="Regents of the University of California">Regents</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California_student_regent" title="University of California student regent">Student regent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California_police_departments" title="University of California police departments">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Student_Association" title="University of California Student Association">Student Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#1295D8; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFB511, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFB511;;width:1%">Research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#1295D8; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFB511, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFB511;;width:1%">National Lab</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Berkeley_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory">Lawrence Berkeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory" title="Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory">Lawrence Livermore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Alamos_National_Laboratory" title="Los Alamos National Laboratory">Los Alamos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#1295D8; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFB511, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFB511;;width:1%">Observatories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._M._Keck_Observatory" title="W. M. Keck Observatory">W. M. Keck</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#1295D8; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFB511, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFB511;;width:1%">Institutes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_Institute_for_Telecommunications_and_Information_Technology" title="California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology">Telecommunications and Information Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Information_Technology_Research_in_the_Interest_of_Society" title="Center for Information Technology Research in the Interest of Society">Information Technology Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_NanoSystems_Institute" title="California NanoSystems Institute">NanoSystems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Institute_for_Quantitative_Biosciences" title="California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences">Quantitative Biosciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scripps_Institution_of_Oceanography" title="Scripps Institution of Oceanography">Oceanography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#1295D8; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFB511, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFB511;;width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Natural_Reserve_System" title="University of California Natural Reserve System">Natural Reserve System</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#1295D8; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFB511, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFB511;;width:1%">Health</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#1295D8; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFB511, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFB511;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Davis" title="University of California, Davis"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">UCD</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Davis_Medical_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="University of California, Davis Medical Center">Medical Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#1295D8; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFB511, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFB511;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Irvine" title="University of California, Irvine"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">UCI</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Irvine_Medical_Center" title="University of California, Irvine Medical Center">Medical Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UCI_Health_%E2%80%93_Fountain_Valley" title="UCI Health – Fountain Valley">Fountain Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UCI_Health_%E2%80%93_Lakewood" title="UCI Health – Lakewood">Lakewood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UCI_Health_%E2%80%93_Los_Alamitos" title="UCI Health – Los Alamitos">Los Alamitos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UCI_Health_%E2%80%93_Placentia" title="UCI Health – Placentia">Placentia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#1295D8; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFB511, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFB511;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/UCLA_Health" title="UCLA Health"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">UCLA</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_UCLA_Medical_Center" title="Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center">Ronald Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UCLA_Medical_Center,_Santa_Monica" class="mw-redirect" title="UCLA Medical Center, Santa Monica">Santa Monica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbor%E2%80%93UCLA_Medical_Center" title="Harbor–UCLA Medical Center">Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive_View%E2%80%93UCLA_Medical_Center" title="Olive View–UCLA Medical Center">Olive View</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan_UCLA_Medical_Center#Resnick_Neuropsychiatric_Hospital_at_UCLA" title="Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center">Neuropsychiatric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UCLA_Mattel_Children%27s_Hospital" title="UCLA Mattel Children's Hospital">Children's Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonsson_Comprehensive_Cancer_Center" title="Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center">Cancer Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#1295D8; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFB511, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFB511;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/UC_San_Diego_Health" title="UC San Diego Health"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">UCSD</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/UC_San_Diego_Medical_Center,_Hillcrest" title="UC San Diego Medical Center, Hillcrest">Medical Center, Hillcrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobs_Medical_Center" title="Jacobs Medical Center">Jacobs Medical Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moores_Cancer_Center" title="Moores Cancer Center">Cancer Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UC_San_Diego_Health_East_Campus_Medical_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="UC San Diego Health East Campus Medical Center">East Campus Medical Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#1295D8; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFB511, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFB511;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/UCSF_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="UCSF Health"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">UCSF</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Francisco_Medical_Center" title="University of California, San Francisco Medical Center">Medical Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UCSF_Bakar_Cancer_Hospital" title="UCSF Bakar Cancer Hospital">Cancer Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UCSF_Benioff_Children%27s_Hospital" title="UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital">Children's Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UCSF_Betty_Irene_Moore_Women%27s_Hospital" title="UCSF Betty Irene Moore Women's Hospital">Women's Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UCSF_Helen_Diller_Family_Comprehensive_Cancer_Center" title="UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center">Cancer Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Francisco_Fetal_Treatment_Center" title="University of California, San Francisco Fetal Treatment Center">Fetal Treatment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Francis_Memorial_Hospital" title="Saint Francis Memorial Hospital">Saint Francis Memorial Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Medical_Center_(San_Francisco)" title="St. Mary's Medical Center (San Francisco)">St. Mary's Medical Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#1295D8; color:#FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFB511, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFB511;;width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_Digital_Library" title="California Digital Library">California Digital Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">Press</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_University_of_California_Press_journals" title="List of University of California Press journals">journals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Television" title="University of California Television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Libraries" title="University of California Libraries">Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:University_of_California_student_newspapers" title="Template:University of California student newspapers">Student newspapers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Santa_Clara_Valley" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #FCC200"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Santa_Clara_Valley_attractions" title="Template:Santa Clara Valley attractions"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Santa_Clara_Valley_attractions" title="Template talk:Santa Clara Valley attractions"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Santa_Clara_Valley_attractions" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Santa Clara Valley attractions"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Santa_Clara_Valley" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Santa_Clara_Valley" title="List of tourist attractions in Santa Clara Valley">List of tourist attractions in Santa Clara Valley</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%">Arboreta & gardens</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Cactus_Garden" title="Arizona Cactus Garden">Arizona Cactus Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Cultural_Garden" title="Chinese Cultural Garden">Chinese Cultural Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edenvale_Gardens_Regional_Park" title="Edenvale Gardens Regional Park">Edenvale Garden Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Prusch_Farm_Park" title="Emma Prusch Farm Park">Emma Prusch Farm Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakone_Gardens" title="Hakone Gardens">Hakone Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Friendship_Garden_(Kelley_Park)" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Friendship Garden (Kelley Park)">Japanese Friendship Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overfelt_Gardens" title="Overfelt Gardens">Overfelt Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Municipal_Rose_Garden" title="San Jose Municipal Rose Garden">San Jose Municipal Rose Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_Arboretum" title="Stanford University Arboretum">Stanford Arboretum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%">Cultural organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Choral_Project" title="The Choral Project">Choral Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opera_San_Jos%C3%A9" title="Opera San José">Opera San José</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Art_League" title="Pacific Art League">Pacific Art League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SjDANCEco" title="SjDANCEco">sjDANCEco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_Silicon_Valley" title="Symphony Silicon Valley">Symphony Silicon Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivace_Youth_Chorus_of_San_Jose" title="Vivace Youth Chorus of San Jose">Vivace Youth Chorus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%">Event venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%">Performing arts<br /> venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opera_San_Jos%C3%A9" title="Opera San José">California Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frost_Amphitheater" title="Frost Amphitheater">Frost Amphitheater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammer_Theatre" title="Hammer Theatre">Hammer Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montalvo_Arts_Center" title="Montalvo Arts Center">Montalvo Arts Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_View_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="Mountain View Center for the Performing Arts">Mountain View Center for the Performing Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Winery" title="Mountain Winery">Mountain Winery Amphitheatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="San Jose Center for the Performing Arts">San Jose Center for the Performing Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Civic" title="San Jose Civic">San Jose Civic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Improv" title="San Jose Improv">San Jose Improv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoreline_Amphitheatre" title="Shoreline Amphitheatre">Shoreline Amphitheatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%">Sports venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CEFCU_Stadium" title="CEFCU Stadium">CEFCU Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earthquakes_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Earthquakes Stadium">Earthquakes Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Excite_Ballpark" title="Excite Ballpark">Excite Ballpark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levi%27s_Stadium" title="Levi's Stadium">Levi's Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAL_Stadium" title="PAL Stadium">PAL Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provident_Credit_Union_Event_Center" title="Provident Credit Union Event Center">Provident Credit Union Event Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAP_Center" title="SAP Center">SAP Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharks_Ice_San_Jose" title="Sharks Ice San Jose">Sharks Ice San Jose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Stadium" title="Stanford Stadium">Stanford Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevens_Stadium" title="Stevens Stadium">Stevens Stadium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%">Civic venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_Convention_Center" title="Santa Clara Convention Center">Santa Clara Convention Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose_City_Hall" title="San Jose City Hall">San José Civic Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Convention_Center" title="San Jose Convention Center">San Jose McEnery Convention Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BayCon" title="BayCon">BayCon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_in_the_Park_(San_Jose)" title="Christmas in the Park (San Jose)">Christmas in the Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinequest_Film_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinequest Film Festival">Cinequest Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FanimeCon" title="FanimeCon">FanimeCon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Further_Confusion" title="Further Confusion">Further Confusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Bike_Party" title="San Jose Bike Party">SJ Bike Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Holiday_Parade" title="San Jose Holiday Parade"> SJ Holiday Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Jazz_Festival" title="San Jose Jazz Festival"> SJ Jazz Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley_Comic_Con" class="mw-redirect" title="Silicon Valley Comic Con">Silicon Valley Comic Con</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Jazz_Workshop" title="Stanford Jazz Workshop">Stanford Jazz Festival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%">Historic buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_Basilica_of_St._Joseph_(San_Jose,_California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral Basilica of St. Joseph (San Jose, California)">Cathedral Basilica of St. Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gurdwara_Sahib_of_San_Jose" title="Gurdwara Sahib of San Jose">Gurdwara Sahib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_De_Anza" title="Hotel De Anza">Hotel De Anza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangar_One_(Mountain_View,_California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hangar One (Mountain View, California)">Hangar One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HP_Garage" title="HP Garage">HP Garage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_San_Jos%C3%A9_(California)" title="Mission San José (California)">Mission San José</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Santa_Clara_de_As%C3%ADs" title="Mission Santa Clara de Asís">Mission Santa Clara de Asís</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peralta_Adobe" title="Peralta Adobe">Peralta Adobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rengstorff_House" title="Rengstorff House">Rengstorff House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_Mira_Monte" title="Villa Mira Monte">Villa Mira Monte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winchester_Mystery_House" title="Winchester Mystery House">Winchester Mystery House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%">Historic areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circle_of_Palms_Plaza" title="Circle of Palms Plaza">Circle of Palms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_Park" title="History Park">History Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Heritage_Plaza" title="Mexican Heritage Plaza">Mexican Heritage Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Almaden" title="New Almaden">New Almaden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%">Museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%">Art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iris_%26_B._Gerald_Cantor_Center_for_Visual_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Iris & B. Gerald Cantor Center for Visual Arts">Cantor Arts Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movimiento_de_Arte_y_Cultura_Latino_Americana" title="Movimiento de Arte y Cultura Latino Americana">MACLA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ira_F._Brilliant_Center_for_Beethoven_Studies" title="Ira F. Brilliant Center for Beethoven Studies">Ira F. Brilliant Center for Beethoven Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Heasley_Cox_Center_for_Steinbeck_Studies" title="Martha Heasley Cox Center for Steinbeck Studies">Martha Heasley Cox Center for Steinbeck Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Museum_of_Art" title="San Jose Museum of Art">San Jose Museum of Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Museum_of_Quilts_%26_Textiles" title="San Jose Museum of Quilts & Textiles">San Jose Museum of Quilts & Textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triton_Museum_of_Art" title="Triton Museum of Art">Triton Museum of Art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computer_History_Museum" title="Computer History Museum">Computer History Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Saisset_Museum" title="De Saisset Museum">De Saisset Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_American_Museum_of_San_Jose" title="Japanese American Museum of San Jose">Japanese American Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Historical_Museum" title="Portuguese Historical Museum">Portuguese Historical Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosicrucian_Egyptian_Museum" title="Rosicrucian Egyptian Museum">Rosicrucian Egyptian Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viet_Museum" title="Viet Museum">Viet Museum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%">Science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Discovery_Museum_of_San_Jose" title="Children's Discovery Museum of San Jose">Children's Discovery Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_Museum" title="Intel Museum">Intel Museum</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lick Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tech_Interactive" title="The Tech Interactive">The Tech Interactive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%">Parks & trails</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almaden_Quicksilver_County_Park" title="Almaden Quicksilver County Park">Almaden Quicksilver County Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alum_Rock_Park" title="Alum Rock Park">Alum Rock Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anderson_Lake_(California)" title="Anderson Lake (California)">Anderson Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_Ridge_Trail" title="Bay Area Ridge Trail">Bay Area Ridge Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calero_Reservoir" title="Calero Reservoir">Calero Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Rock_State_Park_(California)" title="Castle Rock State Park (California)">Castle Rock State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coyote%E2%80%93Bear_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Coyote–Bear Park">Coyote–Bear Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coyote_Creek_Trail" title="Coyote Creek Trail">Coyote Creek Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_R._Levin_County_Park" title="Ed R. Levin County Park">Ed Levin Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_D._Grant_County_Park" title="Joseph D. Grant County Park">Joseph D. Grant County Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalupe_River_Trail" title="Guadalupe River Trail">Guadalupe River Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_W._Coe_State_Park" title="Henry W. Coe State Park">Henry W. Coe State Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelley_Park" title="Kelley Park">Kelley Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Cunningham" title="Lake Cunningham">Lake Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Alamitos_Creek_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Alamitos Creek Trail">Los Alamitos Creek Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Gatos_Creek_Trail" title="Los Gatos Creek Trail">Los Gatos Creek Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaza_de_C%C3%A9sar_Ch%C3%A1vez" title="Plaza de César Chávez">Plaza de César Chávez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rancho_San_Antonio_County_Park" title="Rancho San Antonio County Park">Rancho San Antonio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosicrucian_Park" title="Rosicrucian Park">Rosicrucian Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._James_Park_(San_Jose)" title="St. James Park (San Jose)">St. James Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanborn_County_Park" title="Sanborn County Park">Sanborn County Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Trail" title="San Francisco Bay Trail">SF Bay Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoreline_Park,_Mountain_View" class="mw-redirect" title="Shoreline Park, Mountain View">Shoreline Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stevens_Creek_(California)" title="Stevens Creek (California)">Stevens Creek Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uvas_Canyon_County_Park" title="Uvas Canyon County Park">Uvas Canyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uvas_Creek_Preserve" title="Uvas Creek Preserve">Uvas Creek Preserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uvas_Reservoir" title="Uvas Reservoir">Uvas Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasona_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Vasona Park">Vasona Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%">Shopping</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastridge" title="Eastridge">Eastridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Mall_of_the_Bay_Area" title="Great Mall of the Bay Area">Great Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Gift_Shop_in_Silicon_Valley" title="NASA Gift Shop in Silicon Valley">NASA Gift Shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westfield_Oakridge" title="Westfield Oakridge">Oakridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PruneYard_Shopping_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="PruneYard Shopping Center">PruneYard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Antonio_Shopping_Center" title="San Antonio Shopping Center">San Antonio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose_Flea_Market" title="San Jose Flea Market">San Jose Flea Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santana_Row" title="Santana Row">Santana Row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Shopping_Center" title="Stanford Shopping Center">Stanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westfield_Valley_Fair" title="Westfield Valley Fair">Valley Fair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westgate_Mall_(San_Jose)" class="mw-redirect" title="Westgate Mall (San Jose)">Westgate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%">Theme parks & tours</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Jones_(railroader)#Billy_Jones_Wildcat_Railroad" title="Billy Jones (railroader)">Billy Jones Wildcat Railroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California%27s_Great_America" title="California's Great America">California's Great America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilroy_Gardens" title="Gilroy Gardens">Gilroy Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happy_Hollow_Park_%26_Zoo" title="Happy Hollow Park & Zoo">Happy Hollow Park & Zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raging_Waters#Raging_Waters_San_Jose" title="Raging Waters">CaliBunga Waterpark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #FCC200;width:1%">Vineyards & wineries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byington_Vineyard" title="Byington Vineyard">Byington Vineyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Lohr_Vineyards_%26_Wines" title="J. Lohr Vineyards & Wines">J. Lohr Vineyards & Wines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Winery" title="Mountain Winery">Mountain Winery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picchetti_Brothers_Winery" title="Picchetti Brothers Winery">Picchetti Brothers Winery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savannah%E2%80%93Chanelle_Vineyards" title="Savannah–Chanelle Vineyards">Savannah–Chanelle Vineyards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/21px-Flag_of_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/32px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/42px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:California" title="Portal:California">California</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/19px-Crab_Nebula.jpg" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/29px-Crab_Nebula.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Crab_Nebula.jpg/38px-Crab_Nebula.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3864" data-file-height="3864" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Astronomy" title="Portal:Astronomy">Astronomy</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:He1523a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/He1523a.jpg/16px-He1523a.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/He1523a.jpg/25px-He1523a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/He1523a.jpg/33px-He1523a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="207" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Stars" title="Portal:Stars">Stars</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/19px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/29px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 1.5x, 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