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class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_bs.wikipedia.org&uselang=bs" class=""><span>Donacije</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Napravi_ra%C4%8Dun&returnto=Rimska+Republika&returntoquery=veaction%3Dedit" title="Predlažemo vam da napravite račun i prijavite se; međutim, to nije obavezno" class=""><span>Napravi korisnički račun</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Korisni%C4%8Dka_prijava&returnto=Rimska+Republika&returntoquery=veaction%3Dedit" title="Predlažemo vam da se prijavite, 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src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg/40px-Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"40\" height=\"43\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg/60px-Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg/80px-Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"555\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-text\"\u003EOd 1. do 30. novembra 2024. učestvujte u projektu \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Azijski_mjesec/2024.\" title=\"Wikipedia:Azijski mjesec/2024.\"\u003E\"Azijski mjesec\"\u003C/a\u003E.\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div 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vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Historija" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historija"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Historija</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historija-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Historija</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historija-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Postanak_i_doba_rane_Republike_(510._p._n._e._–_351._p._n._e.)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postanak_i_doba_rane_Republike_(510._p._n._e._–_351._p._n._e.)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Postanak i doba rane Republike (510. p. n. e. – 351. p. n. e.)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postanak_i_doba_rane_Republike_(510._p._n._e._–_351._p._n._e.)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uspon_i_razvoj_Rimske_Republike" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uspon_i_razvoj_Rimske_Republike"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Uspon i razvoj Rimske Republike</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uspon_i_razvoj_Rimske_Republike-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Doba_klasnih_i_građanskih_ratova_u_Rimskoj_Republici" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Doba_klasnih_i_građanskih_ratova_u_Rimskoj_Republici"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Doba klasnih i građanskih ratova u Rimskoj Republici</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Doba_klasnih_i_građanskih_ratova_u_Rimskoj_Republici-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Raspad_Rimske_Republike_i_uspostava_Rimskog_Carstva" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Raspad_Rimske_Republike_i_uspostava_Rimskog_Carstva"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Raspad Rimske Republike i uspostava Rimskog Carstva</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Raspad_Rimske_Republike_i_uspostava_Rimskog_Carstva-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Državno_uređenje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Državno_uređenje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Državno uređenje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Državno_uređenje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Uključi/isključi sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Uključi/isključi sadržaj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rimska Republika</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na članak na drugom jeziku. Dostupno na 114 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-114" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">114 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romeinse_Republiek" title="Romeinse Republiek – afrikans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Romeinse Republiek" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B6mische_Republik" title="Römische Republik – njemački (Švicarska)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Römische Republik" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="njemački (Švicarska)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Romana" title="Republica Romana – aragonski" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Republica Romana" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanisc_Cynewise" title="Romanisc Cynewise – staroengleski" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Romanisc Cynewise" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="staroengleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الجمهورية الرومانية – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الجمهورية الرومانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الجمهوريه الرومانيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الجمهوريه الرومانيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Romana" title="República Romana – asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="República Romana" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romafe_Sokasane" title="Romafe Sokasane – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Romafe Sokasane" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roma_Respublikas%C4%B1" title="Roma Respublikası – azerbejdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Roma Respublikası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="روم جومهوریتی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="روم جومهوریتی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remische_Republik_(Begriffsklearung)" title="Remische Republik (Begriffsklearung) – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Remische Republik (Begriffsklearung)" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Рымская рэспубліка – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рымская рэспубліка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Рымская рэспубліка – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рымская рэспубліка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Римска република – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Римска република" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="रोमन प्रजातंत्र – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="रोमन प्रजातंत्र" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="রোমান প্রজাতন্ত্র – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রোমান প্রজাতন্ত্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Roma" title="Republik Roma – bretonski" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Republik Roma" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Romana" title="República Romana – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="República Romana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B2%CC%A4-m%C4%81_G%C3%AA%CC%A4%E1%B9%B3ng-hu%C3%B2-gu%C3%B3k" title="Lò̤-mā Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Lò̤-mā Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republikang_Romano" title="Republikang Romano – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Republikang Romano" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%95%DB%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="کۆماری ڕۆمانی – centralnokurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆماری ڕۆمانی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralnokurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%98%C3%ADmsk%C3%A1_republika" title="Římská republika – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Římská republika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gweriniaeth_Rhufain" title="Gweriniaeth Rhufain – velški" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gweriniaeth Rhufain" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romerske_Republik" title="Romerske Republik – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Romerske Republik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B6mische_Republik" title="Römische Republik – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Römische Republik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumhuriyet%C3%AA_Roma" title="Cumhuriyetê Roma – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Cumhuriyetê Roma" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Ρωμαϊκή Δημοκρατία – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρωμαϊκή Δημοκρατία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Roman Republic" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romia_Respubliko" title="Romia Respubliko – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Romia Respubliko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_romana" title="República romana – španski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="República romana" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooma_vabariik" title="Rooma vabariik – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rooma vabariik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erromatar_Errepublika" title="Erromatar Errepublika – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Erromatar Errepublika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85" title="جمهوری روم – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جمهوری روم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooman_tasavalta" title="Rooman tasavalta – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rooman tasavalta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_romaine" title="République romaine – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="République romaine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romeinske_Republyk" title="Romeinske Republyk – zapadni frizijski" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Romeinske Republyk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="zapadni frizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poblacht_R%C3%B3mh%C3%A1nach" title="Poblacht Rómhánach – irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Poblacht Rómhánach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="羅馬共和國 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="羅馬共和國" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Romana" title="República Romana – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="República Romana" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rr%C3%B3ma_Tavakuairet%C3%A3" title="Rróma Tavakuairetã – gvarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Rróma Tavakuairetã" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="gvarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA" title="הרפובליקה הרומית – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הרפובליקה הרומית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="रोम गणतंत्र – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रोम गणतंत्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rimska_Republika" title="Rimska Republika – hrvatski" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rimska Republika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3mai_K%C3%B6zt%C3%A1rsas%C3%A1g" title="Római Köztársaság – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Római Köztársaság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%BC%D5%B8%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Հռոմեական հանրապետություն – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հռոմեական հանրապետություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Roman" title="Republica Roman – interlingva" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Republica Roman" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingva" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Romawi" title="Republik Romawi – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Republik Romawi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romana_republiko" title="Romana republiko – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Romana republiko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3mverska_l%C3%BD%C3%B0veldi%C3%B0" title="Rómverska lýðveldið – islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rómverska lýðveldið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubblica_romana" title="Repubblica romana – italijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Repubblica romana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E6%94%BF%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E" title="共和政ローマ – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="共和政ローマ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruoman_Ripoblik" title="Ruoman Ripoblik – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Ruoman Ripoblik" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="istaknuti članak"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="რომის რესპუბლიკა – gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რომის რესპუბლიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Рим республикасы – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Рим республикасы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%A7%88_%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="로마 공화국 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로마 공화국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Рим республика – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Рим республика" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libera_res_publica_Romana" title="Libera res publica Romana – latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Libera res publica Romana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repuvlika_Romana" title="Repuvlika Romana – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Repuvlika Romana" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Roman" title="Republica Roman – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Republica Roman" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romos_respublika" title="Romos respublika – litvanski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Romos respublika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litvanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romas_Republika" title="Romas Republika – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Romas Republika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repoblika_R%C3%B4mana" title="Repoblika Rômana – malgaški" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Repoblika Rômana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Римска Република – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Римска Република" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="istaknuti članak"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="റോമൻ റിപ്പബ്ലിക്ക് – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റോമൻ റിപ്പബ്ലിക്ക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%91%D2%AF%D0%B3%D0%B4_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%85_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%81" title="Ромын Бүгд Найрамдах Улс – mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ромын Бүгд Найрамдах Улс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95" title="रोमन प्रजासत्ताक – marati" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रोमन प्रजासत्ताक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Rom" title="Republik Rom – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Republik Rom" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubblika_Rumana" title="Repubblika Rumana – malteški" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Repubblika Rumana" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="malteški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="روم جمهوری – mazanderanski" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="روم جمهوری" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B6%C3%B6msche_Republiek" title="Röömsche Republiek – donjonjemački" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Röömsche Republiek" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="donjonjemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="रोमन गणतन्त्र – nepalski" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="रोमन गणतन्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romeinse_Republiek" title="Romeinse Republiek – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Romeinse Republiek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_romerske_republikken" title="Den romerske republikken – norveški (Nynorsk)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Den romerske republikken" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveški (Nynorsk)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_romerske_republikk" title="Den romerske republikk – norveški (Bokmal)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Den romerske republikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški (Bokmal)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Romana" title="Republica Romana – oksitanski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Republica Romana" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%8B_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%C3%A6" title="Ромы республикæ – osetski" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Ромы республикæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0" title="ਰੋਮਨ ਗਣਤੰਤਰ – pandžapski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰੋਮਨ ਗਣਤੰਤਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblika_romano" title="Repúblika romano – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Repúblika romano" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B6mische_Republic" title="Römische Republic – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Römische Republic" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_rzymska" title="Republika rzymska – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Republika rzymska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%B9blica_Roman-a_(antichit%C3%A0)" title="Repùblica Roman-a (antichità) – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Repùblica Roman-a (antichità)" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC" title="رومی لوک راج – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="رومی لوک راج" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="روم جمهوريت – paštu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="روم جمهوريت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobar članak"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Romana" title="República Romana – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="República Romana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Roman%C4%83" title="Republica Romană – rumunski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Republica Romană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Римская республика – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Римская республика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Римска република – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Римска република" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rip%C3%B9bbrica_rumana" title="Ripùbbrica rumana – sicilijanski" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ripùbbrica rumana" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rimska_Republika" title="Rimska Republika – srpskohrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rimska Republika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpskohrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%BA" title="රෝමානු ජනරජය – sinhaleški" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="රෝමානු ජනරජය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhaleški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Roman Republic" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADmska_republika_(starovek%C3%BD_R%C3%ADm)" title="Rímska republika (staroveký Rím) – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rímska republika (staroveký Rím)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rimska_republika" title="Rimska republika – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rimska republika" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_Romake" title="Republika Romake – albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Republika Romake" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Римска република – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Римска република" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roomske_Republik" title="Roomske Republik – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Roomske Republik" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romerska_republiken" title="Romerska republiken – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Romerska republiken" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamhuri_ya_Roma" title="Jamhuri ya Roma – svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jamhuri ya Roma" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="உரோமைக் குடியரசு – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உரோமைக் குடியரசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="สาธารณรัฐโรมัน – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สาธารณรัฐโรมัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republikang_Romano" title="Republikang Romano – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Republikang Romano" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roma_Cumhuriyeti" title="Roma Cumhuriyeti – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Roma Cumhuriyeti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rim_Respublikas%C4%B1" title="Rim Respublikası – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Rim Respublikası" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Римська республіка – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Римська республіка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%85%DB%81%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81" title="رومی جمہوریہ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رومی جمہوریہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rim_Respublikasi" title="Rim Respublikasi – uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Rim Respublikasi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%99ng_h%C3%B2a_La_M%C3%A3" title="Cộng hòa La Mã – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cộng hòa La Mã" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_Romano" title="Republika Romano – varej" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Republika Romano" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varej" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="罗马共和国 – Wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="罗马共和国" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="რომიშ რესპუბლიკა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რომიშ რესპუბლიკა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B3m%C3%B9_Ol%C3%B3m%C3%ACnira" title="Rómù Olómìnira – jorubanski" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Rómù Olómìnira" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="jorubanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="罗马共和国 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="罗马共和国" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%B4-m%C3%A1_Ki%C5%8Dng-h%C3%B4-kok" title="Lô-má Kiōng-hô-kok – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lô-má Kiōng-hô-kok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="羅馬共和國 – kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="羅馬共和國" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q17167#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Uredi međujezičke linkove" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi veze</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rimska_Republika" title="Prikaži stranicu sa sadržajem [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stranica</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Razgovor:Rimska_Republika" rel="discussion" title="Razgovor o sadržaju [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Razgovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">S Wikipedije, slobodne enciklopedije</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="bs" dir="ltr"><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>Ovaj članak ili neki od njegovih odlomaka nije dovoljno potkrijepljen <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Provjerljivost" title="Wikipedia:Provjerljivost">izvorima</a></b> (literatura, veb-sajtovi ili drugi izvori).<span class="hide-when-compact"> Ako se pravilno ne potkrijepe <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pouzdani_izvori" title="Wikipedia:Pouzdani izvori">pouzdanim</a> izvorima, sporne rečenice i navodi mogli bi biti izbrisani. Pomozite Wikipediji tako što ćete navesti validne izvore putem <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citiranje_izvora" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Citiranje izvora">referenci</a> te nakon toga možete ukloniti ovaj šablon.</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox geography vcard" style="width: 22em; font-size: 88%; text-align:left"> <tbody><tr class="adr"> <th colspan="3" class="mergedtoprow" style="text-align:center; padding:0.25em 0.33em 0.33em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:1.25em;">Rimska republika<div style="padding-top:0.25em; font-weight:normal;">Senatus Populusque Romanus</div></th> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align:center; font-weight:normal;" class="mergedtoprow"><a href="/w/index.php?title=509._p._n._e.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="509. p. n. e. (stranica ne postoji)">509. p. n. e.</a> – <a href="/wiki/27._p._n._e." title="27. p. n. e.">27. p. n. e.</a></th> </tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td class="maptable" colspan="3" style="text-align:center; padding:0.5em 0;"><table style="text-align:center; width:100%; background:none;"><tbody><tr><td align="left" style="width:50%;"><center><b>Prethodnice:</b></center><table style="align-text:center; width:100%; background:none;"><tbody><tr><td style="width:7%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rimsko_kraljevstvo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rimsko kraljevstvo (stranica ne postoji)">←</a></td> <td style="width:15%"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Capitoline_she-wolf_Musei_Capitolini_MC1181.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Capitoline_she-wolf_Musei_Capitolini_MC1181.jpg/20px-Capitoline_she-wolf_Musei_Capitolini_MC1181.jpg" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Capitoline_she-wolf_Musei_Capitolini_MC1181.jpg/30px-Capitoline_she-wolf_Musei_Capitolini_MC1181.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Capitoline_she-wolf_Musei_Capitolini_MC1181.jpg/40px-Capitoline_she-wolf_Musei_Capitolini_MC1181.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span></td> <td style="width:28%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rimsko_kraljevstvo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rimsko kraljevstvo (stranica ne postoji)">Rimsko kraljevstvo</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td> <td align="left" style="width:50%;"><center><b>Nasljednice:</b></center><table style="text-align:center; width:100%; background:none;"><tbody><tr><td style="width:28%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Rimsko_carstvo" class="mw-redirect" title="Rimsko carstvo">Rimsko carstvo</a></td> <td style="width:15%; text-align:right;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/20px-Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/30px-Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg/40px-Vexilloid_of_the_Roman_Empire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="245" data-file-height="343" /></a></span></td> <td style="width:7%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Rimsko_carstvo" class="mw-redirect" title="Rimsko carstvo">→</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr></tbody></table> </td> </tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td class="maptable" colspan="3" style="text-align:center; padding:0.5em 0;"><table style="text-align:center; width:100%; background:none; display:table;"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Spqrstone.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zastava"><img alt="Zastava" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Spqrstone.jpg/125px-Spqrstone.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Spqrstone.jpg/188px-Spqrstone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Spqrstone.jpg/250px-Spqrstone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="521" /></a></span> </td> </tr><tr> <td style="text-align:center;"></td> </tr></tbody></table> </td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center; padding:0.6em 0em;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Republica_Romana.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Položaj na karti"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Republica_Romana.svg/250px-Republica_Romana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Republica_Romana.svg/375px-Republica_Romana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Republica_Romana.svg/500px-Republica_Romana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption>Položaj na karti</figcaption></figure> <div style="position:relative; top:0.3em;"></div> </td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Glavni_grad" title="Glavni grad">Glavni grad</a></th> <td><a href="/wiki/Rim" title="Rim">Rim</a><br /> </td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Slu%C5%BEbeni_jezik" title="Službeni jezik">Službeni jezik</a></th> <td><a href="/wiki/Latinski" class="mw-redirect" title="Latinski">Latinski</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gr%C4%8Dki" class="mw-redirect" title="Grčki">grčki</a></td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dr%C5%BEavno_ure%C4%91enje" title="Državno uređenje">Državno uređenje</a></th> <td><a href="/wiki/Oligarhija" title="Oligarhija">Oligarhija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republika" title="Republika">republika</a> </td> </tr><tr class="mergedrow"> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Konzul" title="Konzul">Konzul</a></th> </tr><tr class="mergedrow"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 509–<a href="/w/index.php?title=508._p._n._e.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="508. p. n. e. (stranica ne postoji)">508. p. n. e.</a></div></th> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucius_Junius_Brutus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucius Junius Brutus (stranica ne postoji)">Lucius Junius Brutus</a>, <br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucius_Tarquinius_Collatinus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus (stranica ne postoji)">Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus</a></td> </tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/27._p._n._e." title="27. p. n. e.">27. p. n. e.</a></div></th> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaius_Julius_Caesar_Octavianus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus (stranica ne postoji)">Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus</a>, <br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcus_Vipsanius_Agrippa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa (stranica ne postoji)">Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa</a></td> </tr><tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Zakonodavna_vlast" title="Zakonodavna vlast">Zakonodavstvo</a></th> <td>  </td> </tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Povr%C5%A1ina" title="Površina">Površina</a></th> </tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <th colspan="2"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/50._p._n._e." title="50. p. n. e.">50. p. n. e.</a></div></th> <td> 1.950.000 km<sup>2</sup> km<sup>2</sup> </td> </tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Rimska republika</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latinski_jezik" title="Latinski jezik">latinski</a>: Res publica Romana) je bio period <a href="/wiki/Anti%C4%8Dki_Rim" title="Antički Rim">antičke Rimske civilizacije</a> koji počinje <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pad_Rimskog_kraljevstva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pad Rimskog kraljevstva (stranica ne postoji)">padom</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rimsko_kraljevstvo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rimsko kraljevstvo (stranica ne postoji)">Rimskom kraljevstva</a> 509. godine p.n.e. i završava osnivanjem <a href="/wiki/Rimsko_carstvo" class="mw-redirect" title="Rimsko carstvo">Rimskog carstva</a> 27. godine p.n.e. U ovom periodu Rimska republika je proširila svoju <a href="/wiki/Hegemonija" title="Hegemonija">hegemoniju</a> iz neposredne <a href="/wiki/Rim" title="Rim">gradske</a> okoline na cijeli mediteranski svijet. </p><p>U prva dva stoljeća svog postojanja, Rimska republika se proširila kombinacijom saveza i osvajanja na cijelo <a href="/wiki/Apeninsko_poluostrvo" title="Apeninsko poluostrvo">Apeninsko poluostrvo</a>. U sljedećem stoljeću zauzeli su <a href="/wiki/Sjeverna_Afrika" title="Sjeverna Afrika">Sjevernu Afriku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pirenejsko_poluostrvo" title="Pirenejsko poluostrvo">Pirinejsko poluostrvo</a> i južni dio današnje Francuske. Dva stoljeća nakon toga, krajem 1. stoljeća p.n.e., zauzeli su <a href="/wiki/Galija" title="Galija">Galiju</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gr%C4%8Dka" title="Grčka">Grčku</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isto%C4%8Dni_Mediteran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Istočni Mediteran (stranica ne postoji)">istočni Mediteran</a>. U to vrijeme, unutrašnje tenzije su dovele do niza <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rimski_gra%C4%91anski_ratovi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rimski građanski ratovi (stranica ne postoji)">građanskih ratova</a> koji su kulminirali <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atentat_na_Julija_Cezara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atentat na Julija Cezara (stranica ne postoji)">atentatom na Julija Cezara</a>, što je dovelo do tranzicije iz republike u carstvo. Tačan datum tranzicije je još uvijek predmet interpretacije. Historičari se ne mogu dogovoriti oko tačnog datuma kraja Rimske republike; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cezarov_gra%C4%91anski_rat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cezarov građanski rat (stranica ne postoji)">Cezarov prelazak preko rijeke Rubikon</a> 49. godine p.n.e., <a href="/wiki/Julije_Cezar" title="Julije Cezar">Cezarovo</a> imenovanje za <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rimski_diktator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rimski diktator (stranica ne postoji)">diktatora</a> 44. godine p.n.e. ili poraz <a href="/wiki/Marko_Antonije" title="Marko Antonije">Marka Antonija</a> i <a href="/wiki/Kleopatra_VII" title="Kleopatra VII">Kleopatre</a> u <a href="/wiki/Bitka_kod_Akcija" title="Bitka kod Akcija">bici kod Akcija</a> 31. godine p.n.e. Ipak, većina historičara koristi isti datum kao i stari Rimljani, kada je Rimski senat dao <a href="/wiki/Oktavijan_August" title="Oktavijan August">Oktavijanu</a> titulu August 27. godine p.n.e. </p><p>Rimsku vladu su predvodila dva <a href="/wiki/Konzul" title="Konzul">konzula</a> koja su se svake godine birali od strane <a href="/wiki/Rimski_senat" title="Rimski senat">rimskog senata</a>. Pošto je rimsko društvo bilo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dru%C5%A1tvena_klasa_u_anti%C4%8Dkom_Rimu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Društvena klasa u antičkom Rimu (stranica ne postoji)">hijerarhijski složeno</a> po modernim standardima, rimska vlada je bila pod velikim utjecajem borbi između <a href="/wiki/Patriciji" title="Patriciji">patricija</a>, rimske aristokratije, i <a href="/wiki/Plebejci" title="Plebejci">plebejaca</a>, daleko brojnijih građana. Vremenom, zakoni koji su dali plebejcima prava na najviše funkcije u Rimu su ukinuti ili oslabljeni, a vodeće plebejske porodice su postale punopravni članovi aristokratije. Lideri Republike su razvili jaku <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mos_maiorum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mos maiorum (stranica ne postoji)">tradiciju i moralnost</a> zahtijevajući javne službe i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pokroviteljstvo_u_anti%C4%8Dkom_Rimu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pokroviteljstvo u antičkom Rimu (stranica ne postoji)">pokroviteljstvo</a> u miru i ratu. Rimsko pravo i zakonodavne strukture se i dalje mogu uočiti širom Evrope i većeg dijela svijeta u modernim <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nacionalna_dr%C5%BEava&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nacionalna država (stranica ne postoji)">nacionalnim državama</a> i <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91unarodna_organizacija" class="mw-redirect" title="Međunarodna organizacija">međunarodnim organizacijama</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historija">Historija</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rimska_Republika&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak "Historija"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rimska_Republika&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Historija"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Postanak_i_doba_rane_Republike_(510._p._n._e._–_351._p._n._e.)"><span id="Postanak_i_doba_rane_Republike_.28510._p._n._e._.E2.80.93_351._p._n._e..29"></span>Postanak i doba rane Republike (510. p. n. e. – <a href="/wiki/351._p._n._e." title="351. p. n. e.">351. p. n. e.</a>)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rimska_Republika&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak "Postanak i doba rane Republike (510. p. n. e. – 351. p. n. e.)"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rimska_Republika&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Postanak i doba rane Republike (510. p. n. e. – 351. p. n. e.)"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Od <a href="/w/index.php?title=Osnivanje_Rima&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Osnivanje Rima (stranica ne postoji)">osnivanja Rima</a>, njegovi vladari su bili monarhi koje su birali <a href="/wiki/Patriciji" title="Patriciji">patricijski plemići</a> koji su činili <a href="/wiki/Rimski_senat" title="Rimski senat">Rimski senat</a>. Posljednji rimski kralj je bio <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucije_Tarkvinije_Oholi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucije Tarkvinije Oholi (stranica ne postoji)">Lucije Tarkvinije Oholi</a>. U tradicionalnoj rimskoj historiji, Tarkvinije je protjeran 509. godine p.n.e. jer je njegov sin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sekst_Tarkvinije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sekst Tarkvinije (stranica ne postoji)">Sekst Tarkvinije</a> silovao plemkinju Lukreciju koja je nakon toga sebi oduzela život. Lukrecijin otac, njen suprug <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucije_Tarkvinije_Kolatin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucije Tarkvinije Kolatin (stranica ne postoji)">Lucije Tarkvinije Kolatin</a> i Tarkvinijev nećak <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucije_Junije_Brut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucije Junije Brut (stranica ne postoji)">Lucije Junije Brut</a> su uz podršku Senata i vojske prisilili Tarkvinija u egzil u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Etrurija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etrurija (stranica ne postoji)">Etruriju</a>. </p><p>Senat je pristao da ukine monarhiju. Većina kraljevih bivših funkcija prenesena su na dva konzula koja su izabrana na mandat od godinu dana. Svaki konzul je imao sposobnost da djeluje, ako je potrebno, istim vetom koji su posjedovali kraljevi. Ako konzul zloupotrijebi ovlasti u službi, mogao bi biti procesuiran kada mu istekne mandat. Brut i Kolatin su postali prvi konzuli Rimske republike. Uprkos Kolatinovoj ulozi u stvaranju republike, pripadao je istoj porodici kao i bivši kralj, te je bio prisiljen odustati od službe i napustiti Rim. Na mjesto konzula zamijenio ga je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Publije_Valerije_Publikola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Publije Valerije Publikola (stranica ne postoji)">Publije Valerije Publikola</a>. </p><p>Razdoblje postanka i ranog doba rimske republike označava vrijeme osnivanja i osiguranja rimske države. <a href="/wiki/496._p._n._e." title="496. p. n. e.">496. p. n. e.</a> Rimljani pobjeđuju <a href="/w/index.php?title=Latini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Latini (stranica ne postoji)">Latine</a> u bici kod <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitka_kod_Regilskog_jezera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bitka kod Regilskog jezera (stranica ne postoji)">Regilskog jezera</a> a <a href="/wiki/493._p._n._e." title="493. p. n. e.">493. p. n. e.</a> stvaraju i ulaze u savez s federacijom latinskih gradova. U ovom razdoblju se i javljaju i prvi sukobi između plebejaca i patricija (prvi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Secessio_plebis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Secessio plebis (stranica ne postoji)">secessio plebis</a>), gdje plebejci, zbog svog teškog položaja u gradu koji je pod vlašću patricija, odlučuju napustiti grad Rim i osnovati drugo naselje. Polovinom 5. vijeka p. n. e. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Decemvir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Decemvir (stranica ne postoji)">Decemvir</a> objavljuje tablicu dvanaest zakona, čime se određuju prava rimskih građana. </p><p>U tom razdoblju Rim je igrao vrlo važnu ulogu u u Latiju, pa je odmah nakon uspostavljanja Republike, Rim počeo sistemno provoditi politiku širanja svojih teritorija. Ipak, u tim svojim teritorijalnim pretenzijama, Rim je, na samom počenju širenja, doživio i poraze. Najteži od njih je bio <a href="/wiki/387._p._n._e." title="387. p. n. e.">387. p. n. e.</a> kada su grad zauzeli i opustošili <a href="/wiki/Kelti" title="Kelti">Kelti</a>. Grad se ubrzo oporavio i nastavio svoje širenje kako na jug tako i na sjever, pri čemu je došlo do oštrih sukoba protiv <a href="/w/index.php?title=Samnitski_ratovi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samnitski ratovi (stranica ne postoji)">Samnita</a> između <a href="/wiki/343._p._n._e." title="343. p. n. e.">343. p. n. e.</a> i <a href="/wiki/290._p._n._e." title="290. p. n. e.">290. p. n. e.</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uspon_i_razvoj_Rimske_Republike">Uspon i razvoj Rimske Republike</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rimska_Republika&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak "Uspon i razvoj Rimske Republike"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rimska_Republika&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Uspon i razvoj Rimske Republike"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:RomanRepublic40BC_-_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/RomanRepublic40BC_-_2.jpg/400px-RomanRepublic40BC_-_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/RomanRepublic40BC_-_2.jpg/600px-RomanRepublic40BC_-_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8a/RomanRepublic40BC_-_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="729" data-file-height="496" /></a><figcaption>Rimska republika 40. p..n.e.</figcaption></figure> <p>Poslije <a href="/wiki/340._p._n._e." title="340. p. n. e.">340. p. n. e.</a> , Rimljani uspijevaju kontrolirati većinu gradoma u području Latija. Od negdje oko <a href="/wiki/280._p._n._e." title="280. p. n. e.">280. p. n. e.</a> poslije sukoba sa <a href="/wiki/Pir" title="Pir">Pirom</a> i pobjedom nad njime, Rimljani osvajaju i južnu Italiju, gdje su već stoljećima bili prisutni <a href="/wiki/Anti%C4%8Dka_Gr%C4%8Dka" title="Antička Grčka">stari Grci</a> i na taj način dolaze u dodir sa njihovom kulturom. U cilju ostvarivanja i održanja kontrole na osvojenoj teritoriji, Rimljani počinju osnivati svoje kolonije i provincije, što opet vodilo ka stvaranju saveza sa gradovima i plemenima sa različitim pravima i privilegijama: </p> <ol><li>punopravni građani Rima (građani Rima, kolonija i već svrstanih plemena)</li> <li>zajednice sa rimskim građanskim pravima, ali bez prava odlučivanja</li> <li>saveznici, koji su mogli zadržati svoje autonomije</li></ol> <p>U razdoblju između <a href="/wiki/246._p._n._e." title="246. p. n. e.">246. p. n. e.</a> i <a href="/wiki/146._p._n._e." title="146. p. n. e.">146. p. n. e.</a>, Rimljani vode punske ratove nakon čega grad-država Rim postaje vrlo moćna. <a href="/wiki/Prvi_punski_rat" title="Prvi punski rat">Prvi punski rat</a> (264. p. n. e. - <a href="/wiki/241._p._n._e." title="241. p. n. e.">241. p. n. e.</a>) počinje zbog sukoba interesa Rima i trgovačke države <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kartage&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kartage (stranica ne postoji)">Kartage</a> zbog otoka <a href="/wiki/Sicilija" title="Sicilija">Sicilije</a>. Rimljani bivaju prinuđeni izgraditi pomorsku flotu i 241. p. n. e. uspijevaju poraziti Kartagu, koja kapitulira, plaća ratnu odštetu Rimu i odustaje od Sicilije, ali zauvrat zadržava svoj uticaj u Španiji, gdje osnivaju svoje novo kolonijalno carstvo. </p><p>U međuvremenu, genijalni kartaginjanski strateg <a href="/wiki/Hanibal" title="Hanibal">Hanibal</a> prelazi <a href="/wiki/Alpe" title="Alpe">Alpe</a> i <a href="/wiki/218._p._n._e." title="218. p. n. e.">218. p. n. e.</a> započinje <a href="/wiki/Drugi_punski_rat" title="Drugi punski rat">Drugi punski rat</a> (218. p. n. e.- <a href="/wiki/201._p._n._e." title="201. p. n. e.">201. p. n. e.</a>) protiv Rima. Poslije promjenjivog uspjeha kartaginjani ostvaruje neke važnije pobjede i kada je izgledalo da će Hanibal osvojiti Rim, Rimljani ipak uspijevaju sačuvati svoj uticaj i pobijediti Hanibalovog brata u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitka_kod_Metaura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bitka kod Metaura (stranica ne postoji)">bici kod Metaura</a> (<a href="/wiki/207._p._n._e." title="207. p. n. e.">207. p. n. e.</a>) nakon čega slabi i moć samog Hanibala i usprkos savezu sa makedonskim kraljem <a href="/w/index.php?title=Filip_V._(makedonski)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filip V. (makedonski) (stranica ne postoji)">Filipom V.</a> koji također <a href="/wiki/214._p._n._e." title="214. p. n. e.">214. p. n. e.</a> započinje ratove s Rimom, Rimljani se uspijevaju iskrcati u sjevernu Afriku i konačno se u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitka_kod_Zame&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bitka kod Zame (stranica ne postoji)">bici kod Zame</a> (201. p. n. e.) obračunati s Kartagom. Kartaga je izgubila sve svoje teritorije. U <a href="/wiki/Tre%C4%87i_punski_rat" title="Treći punski rat">Trećem punskom ratu</a> (<a href="/wiki/149._p._n._e." title="149. p. n. e.">149. p. n. e.</a> – <a href="/wiki/146._p._n._e." title="146. p. n. e.">146. p. n. e.</a>) Rimljani su pobijedili ostatak Kartažana i osnovali su provinciju Afriku. </p><p>Rimljani su se već <a href="/wiki/200._p._n._e." title="200. p. n. e.">200. p. n. e.</a> politički umiješali u Grčku i stali na stranu malih i srednje jakih zemalja i na taj način se suprostavili Makedoniji, pa su čak <a href="/wiki/196._p._n._e." title="196. p. n. e.">196. p. n. e.</a> proglasili Grčku slobodnom ali pod rimskim protektoratom, što je uzrokovalo i nemire, pa su <a href="/wiki/192._p._n._e." title="192. p. n. e.">192</a> – <a href="/wiki/188._p._n._e." title="188. p. n. e.">188. p. n. e.</a> morali voditi rat protiv širenja sirijskog kralja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antioh_III.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antioh III. (stranica ne postoji)">Antioha III.</a> Nakon pobjede i povlačenja sirijske vojske, Rim se u <a href="/wiki/Tre%C4%87i_rimsko-makedonski_rat" title="Treći rimsko-makedonski rat">Trećem rimsko-makedonskom ratu</a> (<a href="/wiki/171._p._n._e." title="171. p. n. e.">171</a> – <a href="/wiki/168._p._n._e." title="168. p. n. e.">168. p. n. e.</a>) konačno obračunava sa Makedonijom <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitka_kod_Pidne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bitka kod Pidne (stranica ne postoji)">kod Pidne</a> i proglašava Makedoniju svojom provincijom. </p><p>Pobjedom protiv Kartage i Makedonije i stavljanjem njihovih teritorija pod svoje okrilje, ali i protjerivanjem Sirijaca, Rim u tom razdoblju gospodari cijelim zapadnim svijetom, dok na istočnom dijelu, Rim štiti slabi <a href="/wiki/Ptolomej" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolomej">ptolomejski</a> <a href="/wiki/Egipat" title="Egipat">Egipat</a> od <a href="/wiki/Seleukidi" title="Seleukidi">Seleukida</a> i <a href="/wiki/133._p._n._e." title="133. p. n. e.">133. p. n. e.</a> na tlu <a href="/wiki/Pergam" title="Pergam">Pergama</a> osniva provinciju Aziju. </p><p>U tom razdoblju se pojavljuju i prvi otpori unutar Rima. <a href="/wiki/136._p._n._e." title="136. p. n. e.">136. p. n. e.</a> počinje <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robovski_ratovi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robovski ratovi (stranica ne postoji)">pobuna robova</a> na Siciliji, a od <a href="/wiki/111._p._n._e." title="111. p. n. e.">111. p. n. e.</a> - <a href="/wiki/105._p._n._e." title="105. p. n. e.">105. p. n. e.</a> Rim vodi rat protiv <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jugurtin_rat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jugurtin rat (stranica ne postoji)">Jugurte</a> u <a href="/wiki/Numidija" title="Numidija">Numidiji</a>. Sa sjevera na Rim nasrću i <a href="/wiki/Germani" title="Germani">germanska plemena</a> Teutonci i Cimbri, a <a href="/wiki/104._p._n._e." title="104. p. n. e.">104. p. n. e.</a> započinje i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robovski_ratovi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robovski ratovi (stranica ne postoji)">drugi robovski rat</a>. Od <a href="/wiki/91._p._n._e." title="91. p. n. e.">91</a> do <a href="/wiki/88._p._n._e." title="88. p. n. e.">88. p. n. e.</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rat_italskih_saveza_protiv_Rima&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rat italskih saveza protiv Rima (stranica ne postoji)">italski savezi</a> vode rat protiv Rima, što iskorištava <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitridat_VI._Eupator&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitridat VI. Eupator (stranica ne postoji)">Mitridat VI. Eupator</a> i zauzima provinciju Aziju pri čemu ubija nekoliko hiljada rimskih naseljenika. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kornelije_Sula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kornelije Sula (stranica ne postoji)">Kornelije Sula</a> se imenuje za upravitelja Azije i zapovjednika u pontonskim ratovima protiv Mitridata VI. Eupatora čime se zaoštravaju i počinju sukobi unutar Rima. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Doba_klasnih_i_građanskih_ratova_u_Rimskoj_Republici"><span id="Doba_klasnih_i_gra.C4.91anskih_ratova_u_Rimskoj_Republici"></span>Doba klasnih i građanskih ratova u Rimskoj Republici</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rimska_Republika&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak "Doba klasnih i građanskih ratova u Rimskoj Republici"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rimska_Republika&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Doba klasnih i građanskih ratova u Rimskoj Republici"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Uspon i razvitak Rima kao vrlo moćne države donio je pored mnogih prednosti također i probleme. Kao ključni problem se pokazao agrarni, tijesno povezan za vojno ustrojstvo, što je u krajnjem slučaju dovelo do sukoba i <a href="/wiki/Gra%C4%91anski_rat" title="Građanski rat">građanskih ratova</a> u samom Rimu i vodilo ka propasti rimske Republike. </p><p>Tradicionalni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Milicija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milicija (stranica ne postoji)">milicijski</a> sistem, kod kojeg su svi građani uključeni u odbranu i vođenje rata, pokazuje se nepraktičnim zbog uvelikog širenja rimske države. Poslije poraza u Jugurtinom ratu i u ratovu protiv Teutonaca i Cimbra, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaj_Marije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaj Marije (stranica ne postoji)">Gaj Marije</a> uspijeva provesti vojnu reformu, gdje se uvodi od dobro obučenih vojnika profesionalna vojska, a koja je dovela do uske povezanosti vojnika sa svojim zapovjednicima. Za većinu vojnika koji nisu posjedovali zemlju, vojna služba nije više bila obveza već izvor zarade. Oni su, osim podjele plijena iz osvajanja, od svojih zapovjednika očekivali da im po prestanku vojne službe bude dodijeljeno i zemljište. Skrb veterana na taj način sve više postaje političkom raspravom u Rimu. </p><p>Uska se povezanost jedinica za pojedine zapovjednike iz drugog kuta pokazala ko otežavajuća okolnost političkog ustrojstva Rima. Naime, zapovjednici su dobili mogućnost da se pomoću svojih jedinica a iz svojih sopstvenih interesa suprostave volji Senata ili narodnih skupština, pa je vrijeme građanskih ratova obilježeno ambicioznim idejama političara i njihovih «privatnih « vojski. </p><p>Politički sukobi unutar Rima se počinju zaoštravati od 132. p. n. e. U stalnom su političkom sukobu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Optimati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Optimati (stranica ne postoji)">optimati</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Popularisti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Popularisti (stranica ne postoji)">popularisti</a>, pri čemu se popularisti zalažu za promjenu socijalnih razlika u Rimu kroz uvođenje agrarne reforme. Pokušaju narodnih <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tribun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tribun (stranica ne postoji)">tribuna</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tiberije_Grahko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tiberije Grahko (stranica ne postoji)">Tiberija Grahka</a> 133. p. n. e. i njegovog brata <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaj_Grahko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaj Grahko (stranica ne postoji)">Gaja Grahka</a> deset godina kasnije nisu urodili plodom. Gaj Marije <a href="/wiki/107._p._n._e." title="107. p. n. e.">107. p. n. e.</a> uvodi vojnu reformu i postaje vođa popularista. </p><p>Na drugoj strani na čelo se stavlja Kornelije Sula. Poslije pobjede nad Mitridatom VI. Sula se <a href="/wiki/88._p._n._e." title="88. p. n. e.">88. p. n. e.</a>. vraća u Rim i protjeruje Marijeve pristalice iz Rima i zavodi diktaturu. <a href="/wiki/82._p._n._e." title="82. p. n. e.">82. p. n. e.</a> se ponovno obračunava sa Marijevcima u krvavoj bici kod Porta Kolina nakon čega ponovno ulazi sa svojim legijama u Rim, obračunava se sa svojim protivnicima i zavodi diktaturu i mijenja ustav. </p><p>Nakon <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prvi_rimski_gra%C4%91anski_rat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prvi rimski građanski rat (stranica ne postoji)">prvog građanskog rata</a> u Rimu, uspiješni zapovjednici preuzimaju vrlo važnu ulogu. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pompej_Veliki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pompej Veliki (stranica ne postoji)">Pompej Veliki</a>, koji je kao mlad zapovjedik bio u Sulinim postrojbama, steče veliku slavu nakon pobjede nad Seleukidima i osnivanja novih porovincija i sklapa savez sa <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marko_Licinije_Kras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marko Licinije Kras (stranica ne postoji)">Krasom</a> i <a href="/wiki/Gaj_Julije_Cezar" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaj Julije Cezar">Cezarom</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trijumvirat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trijumvirat (stranica ne postoji)">trijumvirat</a>), što je ujedno i vrlo jasan pokazatelj strukturne slabosti kasne Republike, čije institucije nisu bile dorasle nastaloj krizi. Poslije pogibije Krasa <a href="/wiki/53._p._n._e." title="53. p. n. e.">53. p. n. e.</a>, a i velike moći Pompeja ali i Cezara, <a href="/wiki/49._p._n._e." title="49. p. n. e.">49. p. n. e.</a> dolazi do njihovog sukoba čime ujedno počinje i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Drugi_rimski_gra%C4%91anski_rat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drugi rimski građanski rat (stranica ne postoji)">drugi rimski građanski rat</a>, nakon čega Cezar pobjeđuje Pompeja <a href="/wiki/48._p._n._e." title="48. p. n. e.">48. p. n. e.</a> kod <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitka_kod_Farsale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bitka kod Farsale (stranica ne postoji)">Farsale</a> i protjerava ga u Egipat. Poslije pobjeda nad Pomejevim pristalicama u Hispaniji i Egiptu, Cezar postaje i jedini vladar <a href="/wiki/Rimsko_Carstvo" title="Rimsko Carstvo">Rimskog Carstva</a>, što uzrokuje <a href="/wiki/15._mart" title="15. mart">15. marta</a> <a href="/wiki/44._p._n._e." title="44. p. n. e.">44. p. n. e.</a> atentat sa smrtnim ishodom na njega u Senatu i početak <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tre%C4%87i_rimski_gra%C4%91anski_rat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Treći rimski građanski rat (stranica ne postoji)">trećeg rimskog građanskog rata</a>. Cezarov bliski saradnik <a href="/wiki/Marko_Antonije" title="Marko Antonije">Marko Antonije</a> i nećak <a href="/wiki/Augustus" class="mw-redirect" title="Augustus">Oktavijan</a> se udružuju i pobjeđuju republikance <a href="/wiki/42._p._n._e." title="42. p. n. e.">42. p. n. e.</a> kod <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitka_kod_Filipa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bitka kod Filipa (stranica ne postoji)">Filipa</a> u Grčkoj. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Raspad_Rimske_Republike_i_uspostava_Rimskog_Carstva">Raspad Rimske Republike i uspostava Rimskog Carstva</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rimska_Republika&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odlomak "Raspad Rimske Republike i uspostava Rimskog Carstva"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rimska_Republika&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Raspad Rimske Republike i uspostava Rimskog Carstva"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Izgledalo je da se situacija iz 49. p. n. e. ponavlja: Marko Antonije i Oktavijan dijele rimske teritorije <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ugovor_iz_Brindizija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ugovor iz Brindizija (stranica ne postoji)">ugovorom iz Brindizija</a> na interesne sfere, Antonije vlada istočnim a Oktavija zapadnim dijelom. Međutim Antonije i njegova, bivša Cezarova, ljubavnica, <a href="/wiki/Kleopatra" class="mw-redirect" title="Kleopatra">Kleopatra</a> počinju sanjati o velikom carstvu, čiji bi središte trebalo biti na istoku, što <a href="/wiki/32._p._n._e." title="32. p. n. e.">32. p. n. e.</a> uzrokuje i prekid prijateljstva između njih dvojice. Pod uticajem Oktavijana, senat objavljuje rat Egiptu i u odlučujućoj <a href="/wiki/Bitka_kod_Akcija" title="Bitka kod Akcija">bitki kod Akcija</a> <a href="/wiki/31._p._n._e." title="31. p. n. e.">31. p. n. e.</a> Oktavijan protjeruje Antonija i Kleopatru u Egipat, gdje oni nedugo zatim umiru. Egipat postaje provincija pod izravnom vlasti budućeg cara Oktavijana. Oktavijan postaje samostalni vladar Rima i preuzima sve ovlasti od republikanskih institucija i <a href="/wiki/27._p._n._e." title="27. p. n. e.">27. p. n. e.</a> osniva <a href="/wiki/Rimsko_Carstvo" title="Rimsko Carstvo">Rimsko Carstvo</a>. On biva proglašen počasnim imenom Augustus. Od svih republikanskih institucija ostavio je samo senat, ali je imao apsolutnu moć nad njime. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Državno_uređenje"><span id="Dr.C5.BEavno_ure.C4.91enje"></span>Državno uređenje</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rimska_Republika&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odlomak "Državno uređenje"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rimska_Republika&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Državno uređenje"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rimska Republika je imala mnogo činitelja podjele vlasti koji se i danas mogu naći u mnogim državnim uređenjima širom svijeta. </p><p>Od posebnog značaja državnog uređenja rimske republike su bila tri principa: </p> <ul><li>anuitet – sve funkcije su bile samo na jednu godinu</li> <li>kolegijalnost – uvijek su dvije osobe istovremeno obavljali jednu državnu službu – izuzetak je diktator</li> <li>pravo promjene uredbe (pravo veta) – svaki činovnik je imao pravo da korigira ili izmjeni ili vrati uredbu koju je njegov kolega donio</li></ul> <p>Najveću izvršnu neograničenu vlast u rimskoj republici je imao <a href="/wiki/Konzul" title="Konzul">konzul</a> <b>imperium maius</b>. Konzuli su bili odgovorni za vrhovno vojno zapovjedništvo, pravo presude, uprava nad <a href="/wiki/Senat" title="Senat">Senatom</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Comitia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comitia (stranica ne postoji)">Comitiama</a>. Tokom kriza, postojala je mogućnost imenovanja diktatora na 6 mjeseci koji je imao <b>summus imperium</b>, tj. svi su mu bili podčinjeni osim pučkih <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tribun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tribun (stranica ne postoji)">tribuna</a>. </p><p>Nosaitelji vlasti su bili imenovani kroz tri različite skupštine: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Centurijska_skup%C5%A1tina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centurijska skupština (stranica ne postoji)">Centurijska skupština</a> – imenovala je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cenzor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cenzor (stranica ne postoji)">cenzore</a>, konzule, <a href="/wiki/Pretor" title="Pretor">pretore</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pontifex_maximus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pontifex maximus (stranica ne postoji)">pontifex maximus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tribunska_skup%C5%A1tina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tribunska skupština (stranica ne postoji)">Tribunska skupština</a> – imenovala je činovnike nižeg ranga: <a href="/wiki/Edil" title="Edil">edile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kvestor" title="Kvestor">kvestore</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vigintisex_viri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vigintisex viri (stranica ne postoji)">vigintisex viri</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plebejska_skup%C5%A1tina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plebejska skupština (stranica ne postoji)">Plebejska skupština</a> – imenovala je pučke tribune i plebejske edile</li></ul> <p>Rimski Senat i narodne skupštine (Comitia), koji su bili nadležni i za zakone, su nadgledali rad svih činovnika. Članovi senata nisu bili birani već imenovani iz sloja cenzora na doživotno vrijeme. 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