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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>歷史</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-歷史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关歷史子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-起源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#起源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>起源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-起源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-強盛" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#強盛"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>強盛</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-強盛-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-南徙中原" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#南徙中原"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>南徙中原</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-南徙中原-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-神話起源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#神話起源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>神話起源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-神話起源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-部族組成" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#部族組成"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>部族組成</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-部族組成-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-風俗習慣" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#風俗習慣"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>風俗習慣</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-風俗習慣-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关風俗習慣子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-風俗習慣-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-政治、社會組織" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#政治、社會組織"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>政治、社會組織</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-政治、社會組織-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-語言" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#語言"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>語言</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-語言-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-食衣住行" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#食衣住行"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>食衣住行</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-食衣住行-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-婚姻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#婚姻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>婚姻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-婚姻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-喪葬" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#喪葬"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>喪葬</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-喪葬-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-習俗" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#習俗"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>習俗</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-習俗-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>文化</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-文化-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关文化子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-文化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-《敕勒歌》" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#《敕勒歌》"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>《敕勒歌》</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-《敕勒歌》-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-考古發現" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#考古發現"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>考古發現</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-考古發現-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-敕勒君主列表" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#敕勒君主列表"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>敕勒君主列表</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-敕勒君主列表-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-副伏罗部君主世系图" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#副伏罗部君主世系图"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>副伏罗部君主世系图</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-副伏罗部君主世系图-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸阅读" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸阅读"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>延伸阅读</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸阅读-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">敕勒</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。18种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telel%C9%99r" title="Telelər – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Telelər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8A" title="Тиелъ – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тиелъ" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiele" title="Tiele – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tiele" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiele_people" title="Tiele people – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tiele people" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiele" title="Tiele – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tiele" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97" title="तिएले लोग – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="तिएले लोग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiel%C3%B6_n%C3%A9pek" title="Tielö népek – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tielö népek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Теле – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Теле" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiele" title="Tiele – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tiele" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Tiele" title="Orang Tiele – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Orang Tiele" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lud_Tiele" title="Lud Tiele – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lud Tiele" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%92_%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9" title="تئیلے لوک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تئیلے لوک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tieles" title="Tieles – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tieles" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Теле (народ) – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Теле (народ)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiele_(narod)" title="Tiele (narod) – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tiele (narod)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Тијеле – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тијеле" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiele" title="Tiele – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tiele" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tele" title="Tele – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tele" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1320869#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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href="//scholar.google.com/scholar?&q=%22%E6%95%95%E5%8B%92%22">学术</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&safe=off&q=%22%E6%95%95%E5%8B%92%22">图像</a></span>），以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">判定指引</a>）。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="skin-invert" style="width:300px; height:600px; border-collapse:collapse; clear:right; float:right; border:1px solid #aaa; margin-left:5px; margin-bottom:5px; font-size: small; text-align:center; line-height:120%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="background:#efeeee;"><figure class="mw-halign-center skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E6%97%8F%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="蒙古历史"><img alt="蒙古历史" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Mongolische_Jurte.jpg/160px-Mongolische_Jurte.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Mongolische_Jurte.jpg/240px-Mongolische_Jurte.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Mongolische_Jurte.jpg/320px-Mongolische_Jurte.jpg 2x" data-file-width="674" data-file-height="476" /></a><figcaption>蒙古历史</figcaption></figure><div style="padding:3px;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F" title="蒙古高原">蒙古高原</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="蒙古历史">历史</a>系列条目</div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#ffece1;padding:3px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E5%A5%B4" title="匈奴">匈奴</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="background:#E0FFFF;padding:3px;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E8%83%A1" title="东胡">东胡</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="1" style="background:#ffece1;padding:3px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%88%E5%A5%B4" title="南匈奴">南匈奴</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background:#ffece1;padding:3px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%8C%88%E5%A5%B4" title="北匈奴">北匈奴</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background:#E0FFFF;padding:3px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%9C%E5%8D%91" title="鲜卑">鲜卑</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#E0FFFF;padding:3px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%9C%E5%8D%91" title="鲜卑">鲜卑</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background:#d7e3f8;padding:3px;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E9%9B%B6" title="丁零">丁零</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="2" style="background:#E0FFFF;padding:3px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%94%E7%84%B6" title="柔然">柔然</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="background:#d7e3f8;padding:3px;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">高車</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#ffe1ff;padding:3px;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" title="突厥汗国">突厥汗国</a> </td> <td style="background:#d7e3f8;padding:3px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81%E5%8B%92" title="铁勒">鐵勒</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="background:#ffe1ff;padding:3px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5" title="東突厥">東突厥</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="background:#d7e3f8;padding:3px;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%9B%E5%BB%B6%E9%99%80" title="薛延陀">薛延陀</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="background:#F5F5DC;padding:3px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D" title="唐朝">唐朝</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E4%BA%8E%E9%83%BD%E6%8A%A4%E5%BA%9C" title="单于都护府">单于都护府</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%8C%97%E9%83%BD%E6%8A%A4%E5%BA%9C" title="安北都护府">安北都护府</a>） </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="background:#ffe1ff;padding:3px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" title="后突厥汗国">后突厥汗国</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="background:#d7e3f8;padding:3px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E9%B9%98%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" title="回鹘汗国">回鹘汗国</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#E0FFFF;padding:3px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%91%E4%B8%B9%E4%BA%BA" title="契丹人">契丹</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffeec1;padding:3px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BB%E5%8D%9C" title="阻卜">阻卜</a> </td> <td style="background:#ffe1ff;padding:3px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B6%E5%B0%BC%E5%A1%9E%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="叶尼塞吉尔吉斯人">黠戛斯</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#E0FFFF;padding:3px;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BD%E6%9C%9D" title="辽朝">辽朝</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#e1ffe1;padding:3px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%83%88" title="克烈">克烈</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background:#d7e3f8;padding:3px;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%83%E8%9B%AE" title="乃蛮">乃蛮</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#F5DEB3;padding:3px;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%85%80%E5%9B%BD" title="蒙兀国">蒙兀</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="background:#ffeec1;padding:3px;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%B8%9D%E5%9B%BD" title="蒙古帝国">蒙古帝国</a>（諸<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%97%E5%9C%8B" title="汗國">汗國</a>） </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="background:#ffeec1;padding:3px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E6%9C%9D" title="元朝">元朝</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%AD%E5%8C%97%E7%AD%89%E5%A4%84%E8%A1%8C%E4%B8%AD%E4%B9%A6%E7%9C%81" title="岭北等处行中书省">岭北等处行中书省</a>） </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="3" style="background:#ffeec1;padding:3px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%85%83" title="北元">北元</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E4%BB%A3%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4" title="明代蒙古">後蒙古帝國時期</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1" colspan="2" style="background:#ffeec1;padding:3px;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9E%91%E9%9D%BC_(%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4)" title="鞑靼 (蒙古)">韃靼</a><small>（東蒙古）</small> </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background:#ffece1;padding:3px;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%93%A6%E5%89%8C" title="瓦剌">瓦剌</a><small>（西蒙古）</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#F5DEB3;padding:3px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%80%E5%B0%94%E5%96%80%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E6%97%8F" title="喀尔喀蒙古族">喀爾喀</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="background:#ffece1;padding:3px;"><small>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E8%A1%9B%E6%8B%89%E7%89%B9" title="四衛拉特">四衛拉特</a>）</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="background:#f7fabe;padding:3px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D" title="清朝">清朝</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E4%BB%A3%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4" title="清代蒙古">清代蒙古</a>）·<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%86%E5%99%B6%E5%B0%94%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" title="准噶尔汗国">准噶尔汗国</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="background:#f7fabe;padding:3px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E5%B1%AC%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4" title="內屬蒙古">內屬蒙古</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E8%97%A9%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4" title="外藩蒙古">外藩蒙古</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E6%9C%AD%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4" title="內札薩克蒙古">内札萨克</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E6%9C%AD%E8%96%A9%E5%85%8B%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4" title="外札薩克蒙古">外札萨克</a>） </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" colspan="1" style="background:#ffffe1;padding:2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E7%9B%9F%E9%83%A8%E6%97%97%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中華民國盟部旗列表">中華民国境内盟旗</a><br /><small>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%8C%97%E5%9B%9B%E7%9C%81" class="mw-redirect" title="塞北四省">塞北四省</a>）</small> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background:#ffeec1;padding:3px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%9A%E5%85%8B%E5%A4%9A%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" title="博克多汗国">博克多蒙古国</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#ffffe1;padding:3px;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E6%92%A4%E9%94%80%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB" title="外蒙古撤销自治">外蒙古</a><small>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="蒙古地方">地方</a>）</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="background:#F5DEB3;padding:3px;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" title="蒙古人民共和国">蒙古人民共和国</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="background:#F5F5DC;padding:2px;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E6%97%8F" title="中国蒙古族">中国蒙古族</a><br /><small>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%85%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA" title="内蒙古自治区">内蒙古自治区</a>）</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#ffeec1;padding:3px;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%9B%BD" title="蒙古国">蒙古国</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background:#EFEEEE;padding:3px;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E6%97%8F" title="蒙古族">民族</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E6%97%8F%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="蒙古族文化">文化</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E8%8D%89%E5%8E%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="蒙古草原">地理</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A0%E5%8D%97%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4" title="漠南蒙古">漠南</a><span style="white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4" title="外蒙古">漠北</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4" style="background:#EFEEEE;padding:3px;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%9B%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="泛蒙古主義">泛蒙古主義</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#EFEEEE" align="right" colspan="4"><style 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>關於秦汉到东晋十六国的北方部族，請見<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E9%9B%B6" title="丁零">丁零</a>。關於南北朝至隋唐时的突厥以北的突厥语族民族总称，請見<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81%E5%8B%92" title="铁勒">铁勒</a>。</div> <p><b>敕勒</b>，又称<b><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81%E5%8B%92" title="铁勒">铁勒</a></b>、<b>高车</b>，古稱<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E9%9B%B6" title="丁零">丁零</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%8B%84%E5%8E%86" class="mw-redirect" title="狄历">狄历</a>，分支自<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E6%97%8F" title="原始突厥族">原始突厥族</a>，古代<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E8%AF%AD%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="突厥语族">突厥语族</a>民族，属于原始<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%B8%E7%89%A7%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="游牧民族">游牧民族</a>。据《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%AE%B0" title="史记">史记</a>》记载丁零最初游牧于<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E6%B9%96" title="贝加尔湖">贝加尔湖</a>以东、南附近，据《<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E7%95%A5" title="魏略">魏略</a>》记载公元3世纪开始扩至<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B6%E5%B0%BC%E5%A1%9E%E6%B2%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="叶尼塞河">叶尼塞河</a>上游，与古<a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%85%E6%98%86" title="堅昆">坚昆</a>杂居，这些部落称之为<b>西丁零</b>。公元四世紀末至六世紀中葉，繼匈奴、鮮卑之後，高車人和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%94%E7%84%B6" title="柔然">柔然</a>人活動於中國大漠南北和西北廣大地區。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史"><span id=".E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%95%E5%8B%92&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="起源"><span id=".E8.B5.B7.E6.BA.90"></span>起源</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%95%E5%8B%92&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：起源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>據中國古代記載，中國古代稱敕勒為<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E9%9B%B6" title="丁零">丁零</a>（又作丁令、丁靈、釘靈），後被改稱狄歷，又稱敕勒與高車，生活在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E6%8B%BF%E6%B2%B3" title="勒拿河">勒拿河</a>至<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E6%B9%96" title="贝加尔湖">贝加尔湖</a>附近。在<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%92%E9%A1%BF%E5%8D%95%E4%BA%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="冒顿单于">冒顿单于</a>时臣属于<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E5%A5%B4" title="匈奴">匈奴</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="強盛"><span id=".E5.BC.B7.E7.9B.9B"></span>強盛</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%95%E5%8B%92&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：強盛"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>南迁入<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8E%9F" title="中原">中原</a>的敕勒被<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%8B%E6%9C%9D" title="晋朝">晋朝</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E6%9C%9D" title="南北朝">南朝</a>称为丁零。<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%9C%E5%8D%91" title="鲜卑">鲜卑</a>人因北方的敕勒人使用车轮高大的车子，稱其為“高车”（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E8%AF%AD" title="原始突厥语">原始突厥语</a>：-tegreg，马车的-），音译為“敕勒”，也译作“铁勒”。<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E6%BC%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="東漢">東漢</a>竇憲聯合北方各部族，在91年击败北<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E5%A5%B4" title="匈奴">匈奴</a>。鮮卑部落進入蒙古高原，蒙古高原上的匈奴部落皆自號為鮮卑，丁零也是其中之一<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>公元4世纪末至6世纪中叶，继匈奴、鲜卑之后，敕勒人和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%94%E7%84%B6" title="柔然">柔然</a>人活动于中国北疆境外的内陆亚洲的大漠南北和中亚广大地区。在中原的丁零人曾建立<a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%9F%E9%AD%8F" title="翟魏">翟魏</a>政权（另一說法是丁零由北狄人與西伯利亞土著混血而成，敕勒是匈奴與一個以狼為圖騰的族群混血而成，漢朝人认为高車是匈奴的外甥）；由<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%8B%89%E6%B2%B3" title="土拉河">土拉河</a>至今南俄草原也有他们。 </p><p>487年，<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BC%8F%E8%87%B3%E7%BD%97" title="阿伏至罗">阿伏至罗</a>为摆脱柔然统治，率10万多人西迁，在<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%A6%E5%B8%88" title="车师">车师</a>地区建立了自己的政权。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="南徙中原"><span id=".E5.8D.97.E5.BE.99.E4.B8.AD.E5.8E.9F"></span>南徙中原</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%95%E5%8B%92&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：南徙中原"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>4世纪中叶，生活在<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B4%E5%B1%B1" title="阴山">阴山</a>一带的人大都已鲜卑化。著名的《敕勒歌》，是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%BD%90" title="北齐">北齐</a>时敕勒人的鲜卑语的牧歌，后被翻译成汉语。敕勒人在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%AD%8F" title="北魏">北魏</a>时期大量参加北魏的战争，其中大部和鮮卑人一起逐渐融入<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%97%8F" title="汉族">汉族</a>。高车有六姓，袁纥、纥骨、解批均與回纥有关。 </p><p>敕勒中北方的一部在550年之后臣服<a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" title="突厥汗国">突厥汗国</a>，后来成为<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E7%BA%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="回纥">回纥</a>，现代<a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%95%E5%9B%BA%E6%97%8F" title="裕固族">裕固族</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%90%BE%E5%B0%94%E6%97%8F" title="维吾尔族">维吾尔族</a>的祖先。<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="俄罗斯联邦">俄罗斯联邦</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%93%88%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="萨哈共和国">萨哈（雅库特）共和国</a>境内的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%BA%93%E7%89%B9%E4%BA%BA" title="雅库特人">雅库特人</a>也是敕勒人的后裔。 </p><p>土拉河一地有<a href="/wiki/%E5%83%95%E5%9B%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="僕固">僕固</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E7%BE%85" class="mw-redirect" title="同羅">同罗</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E7%BA%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="回纥">袁纥</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%94%E9%87%8E%E5%8F%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="拔野古">拔野古</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A6%86%E7%BE%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="覆羅（页面不存在）">覆羅</a>并号<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9F%E6%96%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="俟斤">俟斤</a>；今準噶尔盆地南地域：契弊（契苾）部、薄落職部、乙咥部、蘇婆部、那曷、烏護、也咥部、於尼護（於尼讙）部；準噶尔盆地北地域：<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%9B%E5%BB%B6%E9%99%80" title="薛延陀">薛延陀</a>部、咥勒児部、十槃部、達契部；哈萨克一帶：訶咥部、曷截部（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%90%A8%E4%BA%BA" title="可萨人">可薩人</a>）、撥忽部、比干部（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%A9%E5%88%87%E6%B6%85%E6%A0%BC%E4%BA%BA" title="佩切涅格人">佩切涅格人</a>）、具海部、曷比悉部、何嵯蘇部、拔也末部、謁達（渴達）部；拂菻東：恩屈部onogur、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%98%AD" class="mw-disambig" title="阿蘭">阿蘭</a>、北褥九離（<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E4%BB%80%E5%9F%BA%E5%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="巴什基尔">巴什基尔</a>）部、伏嗢昏（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%9D%E5%8A%A0%E5%B0%94%E4%BA%BA" title="保加尔人">保加尔人</a>）；北海南地域：都播部（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E7%93%A6%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="圖瓦人">圖瓦人</a>）。 </p><p>《<a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E5%94%90%E6%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="舊唐書">舊唐書</a>·北狄列傳》（卷一百九十九下）列出鐵勒十五部：<a href="/wiki/%E8%96%9B%E5%BB%B6%E9%99%80" title="薛延陀">薛延陀</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%91%E8%8B%BE" title="契苾">契苾</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E7%BA%A5" class="mw-redirect" title="回纥">迴紇</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%83%BD%E6%92%AD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="都播（页面不存在）">都播</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%96%E7%93%A6%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="圖瓦人">圖瓦人</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%A8%E5%88%A9%E5%B9%B2" title="骨利干">骨利幹</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E8%A6%BD%E8%91%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="多覽葛（页面不存在）">多覽葛</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%86%E9%AA%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="仆骨">僕骨</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%94%E9%87%8E%E5%8F%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="拔野古">拔野古</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E7%BE%85" class="mw-redirect" title="同羅">同羅</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B8%BE%E9%83%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="渾部（页面不存在）">渾部</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%80%9D%E7%B5%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="思結（页面不存在）">思結</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%9B%E8%96%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="斛薛（页面不存在）">斛薛</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A5%9A%E7%B5%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="奚結（页面不存在）">奚結</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%B7%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="阿跌">阿跌</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E9%9C%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="白霫">白霫</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="神話起源"><span id=".E7.A5.9E.E8.A9.B1.E8.B5.B7.E6.BA.90"></span>神話起源</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%95%E5%8B%92&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：神話起源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>《<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E6%9B%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="魏書">魏書</a>》中記載，過去<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E5%A5%B4" title="匈奴">匈奴</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E4%BA%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="單于">單于</a>有兩個女兒，容貌極美，部落內的人皆視之為<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%99%E5%A5%B3" class="mw-disambig" title="仙女">仙女</a>。單于說：「這兩個女兒，怎可以嫁給一般人，我將奉獻給天。」單于便在北方無人之地建造一座高臺，將兩女安置其上。四年過後，有一頭老狼來到臺下，不分晝夜的嚎叫，並且挖掘出了一個洞穴。小女兒看到說：「我們的父親要將我們獻給天，現在這頭狼來到此處，也許就是神物，是天的使者。」大女兒阻止其離開，但小女兒不聽從，離開高臺後成為狼的妻子並產下一子，之後繁衍成高車的祖先。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="部族組成"><span id=".E9.83.A8.E6.97.8F.E7.B5.84.E6.88.90"></span>部族組成</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%95%E5%8B%92&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：部族組成"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>高車六種 <ul><li>狄部</li> <li>袁紇部，即後來的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E9%B6%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="回鶻">回鶻</a>。</li> <li>斛律部</li> <li>解批部</li> <li>護骨部</li> <li>異奇斤部</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>十二氏族 <ul><li>泣伏利氏</li> <li>叱盧氏</li> <li>乙旃氏</li> <li>大連氏</li> <li>窟賀氏</li> <li>達薄干氏</li> <li>阿崘氏</li> <li>莫允氏</li> <li>俟分氏</li> <li>副伏羅氏</li> <li>乞袁氏</li> <li>右叔沛氏</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="風俗習慣"><span id=".E9.A2.A8.E4.BF.97.E7.BF.92.E6.85.A3"></span>風俗習慣</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%95%E5%8B%92&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：風俗習慣"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="政治、社會組織"><span id=".E6.94.BF.E6.B2.BB.E3.80.81.E7.A4.BE.E6.9C.83.E7.B5.84.E7.B9.94"></span>政治、社會組織</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%95%E5%8B%92&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：政治、社會組織"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BC%8F%E8%87%B3%E7%BD%97" title="阿伏至罗">阿伏至羅</a>出現之前，高車人並沒有出現號令全部落的首領，各部落氏族有各自的君長，高車人個性粗猛，一旦出現敵寇，只要是親族同類便會齊心一致對外，互相依靠協助。<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><mark class="template-facttext" title="需要提供文献来源">高車人在戰鬥之時並不會結成陣型，多是突擊衝戰，所以戰鬥不能持久。</mark><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求开始于2020年5月9日。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="語言"><span id=".E8.AA.9E.E8.A8.80"></span>語言</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%95%E5%8B%92&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：語言"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%8F%B2" title="北史">北史</a>·高車傳》记载：「高車，盡古赤狄之餘種也。初號為狄歷，北方以為高車丁零。其語略與匈奴同，而時有小異，或雲其先匈奴〔之〕甥也」。高車人的語言和匈奴大致相同，只有小部分有所差異。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="食衣住行"><span id=".E9.A3.9F.E8.A1.A3.E4.BD.8F.E8.A1.8C"></span>食衣住行</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%95%E5%8B%92&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：食衣住行"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>高車人是遊牧民族，平時住在<a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%8C%85" title="蒙古包">穹廬</a>之中，隨水草遷徙，<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83946278"><mark class="template-facttext" title="需要提供文献来源">其牛羊畜產和柔然人相同。</mark><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求开始于2020年5月9日。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup>服裝用獸皮縫做，食物多是肉類，<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83946278"><mark class="template-facttext" title="需要提供文献来源">高車人不吃五穀雜糧，也不釀造酒類，只飲用馬酪。</mark><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求开始于2020年5月9日。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup>高車人製造的車子車輪高大，輪幅極多，因此被漢地的人稱呼為高車。平常是用蹲踞的方式坐著，<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83946278"><mark class="template-facttext" title="需要提供文献来源">不注重禮節，也不重清潔衛生。</mark><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求开始于2020年5月9日。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup>高車人在各自的畜產上印有烙記(<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E6%9C%A8%E5%8A%A0" title="塔木加">塔木加</a>)，因此雖然放養在外，也不會隨便奪取。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="婚姻"><span id=".E5.A9.9A.E5.A7.BB"></span>婚姻</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%95%E5%8B%92&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：婚姻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>婚姻納聘之時，高車人的聘禮以牛馬為榮，男方親黨會用營車將馬匹圍著，由女方親黨自取好馬，上馬出欄後，男方馬主會用驚嚇馬匹，若乘馬者不墜馬那即可騎去，迎娶之日，主人招待迎賓並不會排定座位，賓客們在穹廬前隨意就座，男女兩方一同持馬酪還有熟肉將其分切，飲宴持續一整天，男方會在女方帳中待上一天，隔天將帶著妻子回家，同時也讓男方親黨進女方家的馬群中，盡取良馬而歸，女方的父母兄弟雖然惋惜但並不會說什麼。高車人習俗忌娶寡婦，但會善待她。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="喪葬"><span id=".E5.96.AA.E8.91.AC"></span>喪葬</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%95%E5%8B%92&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：喪葬"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>高車人一旦死亡，生者會在地上挖掘坑穴，將死者以坐葬方式放置在坑中，同時讓死者展臂拉弓，佩刀夾矛，有如生前的樣子，也不埋土回填直接露出屍體。發生地震或疾疫的時候，則開始祈禱祝福，事後安全無事了，就開始謝神祭儀，謝神祭典上，多殺雜畜為祭祀，燒獸骨為營火，馳馬繞奔，無論男女老少皆出席集會，平安的人便跳舞作樂，若有死者的家庭則悲吟哭泣。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="習俗"><span id=".E7.BF.92.E4.BF.97"></span>習俗</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%95%E5%8B%92&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：習俗"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>高車人喜歡雷鳴，每次遇到雷擊便會對空射箭並大叫，然後舉族離去，秋天之時等馬長肥了，再一同回到雷擊之地，埋下黑色的公羊，燃火拔刀，女巫開始祝禱，接者群隊騎馬繞圈奔跑，繞完百圈後才停止。每人又手持一束柳木，豎立在地上，並用乳酪澆灌，接者婦人們用獸皮裹著羊的屍骸，戴到頭上，將自己的鬢髮繚繞其上，有如漢族的冠冕<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文化"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.8C.96"></span>文化</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%95%E5%8B%92&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：文化"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>高車人愛好舞蹈，<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%BE%E6%9C%B1%E6%A6%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="爾朱榮">爾朱榮</a>曾經在宴會上命令臨淮王<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E5%BD%A7" title="元彧">元彧</a>跳敕勒舞<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>；高車人也愛好放聲高歌，鮮卑人認為其歌聲類似狼嗥。在祭典之時高車人皆會欣然吟歌，著名的《敕勒歌》是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%BD%90" title="北齐">北齐</a>时高車人的鲜卑语的牧歌，后被翻译成汉语。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="《敕勒歌》"><span id=".E3.80.8A.E6.95.95.E5.8B.92.E6.AD.8C.E3.80.8B"></span>《敕勒歌》</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%95%E5%8B%92&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：《敕勒歌》"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>《敕勒歌》是歷史上留下的一首描寫敕勒人生活環境的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%90%E5%BA%9C%E8%AF%97" class="mw-redirect" title="乐府诗">樂府詩</a>。其中后兩句被後人用來描述草原上的美麗風光。相傳作者為<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E9%AD%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="東魏">東魏</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%9B%E5%BE%8B%E9%87%91" title="斛律金">斛律金</a>。敕勒歌本是<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%9C%E5%8D%91%E8%AF%AD" title="鲜卑语">鮮卑語</a>，翻译为汉语，所以歌曲词句长短不一<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <table class="cquote pullquote" role="presentation" style="margin:auto; display:table; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; background-color: transparent; color: inherit;width: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="skin-invert" style="width: 20px; vertical-align: top; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: left; padding: 10px; text-orientation: upright">“ </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; border: none; padding: 4px 10px;"> <dl><dd>敕勒川，阴山下，</dd> <dd>天似穹庐，笼盖四野。</dd> <dd>天苍苍，野茫茫，</dd> <dd>风吹草低见牛羊。</dd></dl> </td> <td class="skin-invert" style="width: 20px; vertical-align: bottom; border: none; color: #B2B7F2; font-size: 40px; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; font-weight: bold; line-height: .6em; text-align: right; padding: 10px; text-orientation: upright">” </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="考古發現"><span id=".E8.80.83.E5.8F.A4.E7.99.BC.E7.8F.BE"></span>考古發現</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%95%E5%8B%92&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节：考古發現"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%81%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇聯">蘇聯</a>考古學家在<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%89%E5%B0%BC%E5%A1%9E%E6%B2%B3" title="葉尼塞河">葉尼塞河</a>上游地區發掘了一系列的青銅文化遺址，稱之為<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89%E8%98%87%E5%85%8B%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="卡拉蘇克文化">卡拉蘇克文化</a>，文化層的年代定位在西元前十二世紀到西元前七世紀之間，根據出土的青銅器，包括了青銅刀、青銅短劍等物品，與中國<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="內蒙古">內蒙古</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E8%A5%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="山西">山西</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%9D%E8%A5%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="陝西">陝西</a>一帶的同類青銅器有相似特點，當地居民在人種學上也混雜了蒙古人種的特徵。 </p><p>接續卡拉蘇克文化的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A1%94%E5%8A%A0%E7%88%BE%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="塔加爾文化（页面不存在）">塔加爾文化</a>已經開始運用鐵器，養馬業也開始重視，出土墓葬有非常豐富的裝飾品，且多帶有武器。 </p><p>蘇聯學者認為，卡拉蘇克文化與塔加爾文化可以對比至中國史籍記載的丁零<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。但一般学者都将卡拉苏克文化与塔加爾文化与丁零西部邻居<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B6%E5%B0%BC%E5%A1%9E%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="叶尼塞吉尔吉斯人">鬲昆</a>联系上。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="敕勒君主列表"><span id=".E6.95.95.E5.8B.92.E5.90.9B.E4.B8.BB.E5.88.97.E8.A1.A8"></span>敕勒君主列表</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%95%E5%8B%92&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节：敕勒君主列表"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>副伏罗<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BC%8F%E8%87%B3%E7%BD%97" title="阿伏至罗">阿伏至罗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%8B%E5%88%A9%E5%BB%B6" title="跋利延">跋利延</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A5%E4%BF%84%E7%AA%81" title="弥俄突">弥俄突</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%8C%90" title="伊匐">伊匐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%B1%85" title="越居">越居</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E9%80%82" title="比适">比适</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%BB%E5%AE%BE" title="去宾">去宾</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="副伏罗部君主世系图"><span id=".E5.89.AF.E4.BC.8F.E7.BD.97.E9.83.A8.E5.90.9B.E4.B8.BB.E4.B8.96.E7.B3.BB.E5.9B.BE"></span>副伏罗部君主世系图</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%95%E5%8B%92&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节：副伏罗部君主世系图"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <center> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r78925524">.mw-parser-output .chart-content{border-spacing:0;border-collapse:separate}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .chart-content .ahnentafel{min-width:auto!important;width:100%!important}}</style><div class="chart-container"><table class="chart-content"> <tbody><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td class="" colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);padding:0.2em">□</td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, 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style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td class="" colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);padding:0.2em">(2)<b><a href="/wiki/%E8%B7%8B%E5%88%A9%E5%BB%B6" title="跋利延">跋利延</a></b></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td class="" colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);padding:0.2em">(1)<b><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BC%8F%E8%87%B3%E7%BD%97" title="阿伏至罗">阿伏至罗</a></b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td class="" colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);padding:0.2em">(3)<b><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%B7%E5%A5%87_(%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9)" class="mw-redirect" title="穷奇 (人物)">穷奇</a></b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, 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rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td style="border-right:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);height:1em;width:1em"></td><td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td><td style="border-right:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);height:1em;width:1em"></td></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td class="" colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);padding:0.2em">(4)<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A5%E4%BF%84%E7%AA%81" title="弥俄突">弥俄突</a></b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td class="" colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);padding:0.2em">(5)<b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E5%8C%90" title="伊匐">伊匐</a></b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td class="" colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);padding:0.2em">(6)<b><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%B1%85" title="越居">越居</a></b></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);height:2em;width:1em"></td><td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td class="" colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);padding:0.2em">(7)<b><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E9%80%82" title="比适">比适</a></b></td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td><td class="" colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid var(--color-emphasized, black);padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%BB%E5%AE%BE" title="去宾">去宾</a></td></tr><tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> </tbody></table></div> </center> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="延伸阅读"><span id=".E5.BB.B6.E4.BC.B8.E9.98.85.E8.AF.BB"></span>延伸阅读</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%95%E5%8B%92&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节：延伸阅读"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks" style="float: right;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1320869" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q1320869"><span class="nomobile">在维基数据</span>编<span class="nomobile">辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span> </p> <dl><dd><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="维基文库"><img alt="维基文库中的相关文本：" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> 《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E6%9B%B8/%E5%8D%B7103#敕勒" class="extiw" title="s:魏書/卷103">魏書·卷103</a>》，出自<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E6%94%B6" title="魏收">魏收</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E4%B9%A6" title="魏书">魏书</a>》</dd> <dd><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="维基文库"><img alt="维基文库中的相关文本：" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> 《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%8F%B2/%E5%8D%B7098#敕勒" class="extiw" title="s:北史/卷098">北史·卷098</a>》，出自<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%BB%B6%E5%AF%BF" title="李延寿">李延壽</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%8F%B2" title="北史">北史</a>》</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%95%95%E5%8B%92&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">张舜徽等. 三国志辞典. 山东济南: 山东教育出版社. 1992年. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7532810666" title="Special:网络书源/7532810666"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 7532810666</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%95%95%E5%8B%92&rft.au=%E5%BC%A0%E8%88%9C%E5%BE%BD%E7%AD%89&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%89%E5%9B%BD%E5%BF%97%E8%BE%9E%E5%85%B8&rft.date=1992&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=7532810666&rft.place=%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E6%B5%8E%E5%8D%97&rft.pub=%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%9C%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《後漢書》卷90〈烏桓鮮卑傳〉：「和帝永元中，大將軍竇憲遣右校尉耿夔擊破匈奴，北單于逃走，鲜卑因此轉徙據其地。匈奴餘种留者尚有十餘萬落，皆自號鲜卑，鮮卑由此漸盛。」</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">胡玉春. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zhaojunwenhua.net/m/wx/info/1141.html">再论丁零与敕勒、高车之族源关系</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [2021]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231208073912/http://www.zhaojunwenhua.net/m/wx/info/1141.html">存档</a>于2023-12-08）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%95%95%E5%8B%92&rft.au=%E8%83%A1%E7%8E%89%E6%98%A5&rft.btitle=%E5%86%8D%E8%AE%BA%E4%B8%81%E9%9B%B6%E4%B8%8E%E6%95%95%E5%8B%92%E3%80%81%E9%AB%98%E8%BD%A6%E4%B9%8B%E6%97%8F%E6%BA%90%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zhaojunwenhua.net%2Fm%2Fwx%2Finfo%2F1141.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《魏书·卷一百三·列传第九十一》：无都统大帅，当种各有君长，为性粗猛，党类同心，至于寇难，翕然相依。斗无行陈，头别冲突，乍出乍入，不能坚战。其俗蹲踞亵黩，无所忌避。婚姻用牛马纳聘以为荣。结言既定，男党营车阑马，令女党恣取，上马袒乘出阑，马主立于阑外，振手惊马，不坠者即取之，坠则更取，数满乃止。俗无谷，不作酒，迎妇之日，男女相将，持马酪熟肉节解。主人延宾亦无行位，穹庐前丛坐，饮宴终日，复留其宿。明日，将妇归，既而将夫党还入其家马群，极取良马。父母兄弟虽惜，终无言者。颇讳取寡妇而优怜之。其畜产自有记识，虽阑纵在野，终无妄取。俗不清洁。喜致震霆，每震则叫呼射天而弃之移去。至来岁秋，马肥，复相率候于震所，埋羖羊，燃火，拔刀，女巫祝说，似如中国祓除，而群队驰马旋绕，百匝乃止。人持一束柳桋，回竖之，以乳酪灌焉。妇人以皮裹羊骸，戴之首上，萦屈发鬓而缀之，有似轩冕。其死亡葬送，掘地作坎，坐尸于中，张臂引弓，佩刀挟槊，无异于生，而露坎不掩。时有震死及疫疠，则为之祈福。若安全无他，则为报赛。多杀杂畜，烧骨以燎，走马绕旋，多者数百匝，男女无小大皆集会，平吉之人则歌舞作乐，死丧之家则悲吟哭泣。其迁徙随水草，衣皮食肉，牛羊畜产尽与蠕蠕同，唯车轮高大，辐数至多。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%8F%B2" title="北史">北史</a>》卷四十八，列傳第三十六：「（爾朱榮）及酒酣耳熱，必自匡坐唱虜歌，為樹梨普梨之曲。見臨淮王彧從容閑雅，愛尚雅素，固令為敕勒舞。」。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《乐府诗集·卷八十六·杂歌谣辞四》：《乐府广题》曰:“北齐神武攻周玉壁，士卒死者十四五。神武恚愤，疾发。周王下令曰：‘高欢鼠子，亲犯玉壁，剑弩一发，元凶自毙。’神武闻之，勉坐以安士众。悉引诸贵，使斛律金唱《敕勒》，神武自和之。”其歌本鲜卑语，易为齐言，故其句长短不齐。）</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">周偉洲，《敕勒與柔然》，p.11-12。</span> </li> </ol></div> <div style="clear: both; height: 1em"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E8%83%A1%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E5%9B%BD" title="五胡十六国">五胡十六国</a>時期諸政權</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E5%A5%B4" title="匈奴">匈奴</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%B5%B5" title="汉赵">前趙</a> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F_(%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E5%9B%BD)" title="夏 (十六国)">夏</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%87%89" title="北凉">北凉</a>（沮渠氏）</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%9C%E5%8D%91" title="鲜卑">鲜卑</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%B5%E9%83%A8%E9%AE%AE%E5%8D%91" title="段部鮮卑">段部</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%BC%E8%A5%BF%E5%9C%8B" title="遼西國">遼西</a> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%B5%E9%BE%95" title="段龕">段齊</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%95%E5%AE%B9%E9%83%A8" title="慕容部">慕容部</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E8%B0%B7%E6%B5%91" title="吐谷浑">吐谷浑</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E7%87%95" title="前燕">前燕</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E7%87%95" title="後燕">後燕</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%87%95" title="西燕">西燕</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%87%95_(%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E5%9C%8B)" title="南燕 (十六國)">南燕</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%93%E8%B7%8B%E9%83%A8" title="拓跋部">拓跋部</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A3_(%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E5%9B%BD)" title="代 (十六国)">代</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E9%AD%8F" title="北魏">北魏</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%87%89" title="南凉">南凉</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9E%E4%BC%8F%E9%83%A8" title="乞伏部">乞伏部</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%A7%A6" title="西秦">西秦</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%87%E6%96%87%E9%83%A8" title="宇文部">宇文部</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%AF" title="羯">羯</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E8%B5%B5" title="后赵">后赵</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%90" title="氐">氐</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%87%E6%B1%A0" title="仇池">仇池</a> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E6%B1%89" title="成汉">成汉</a>（巴氐） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E7%A7%A6" title="前秦">前秦</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E5%87%89" title="后凉">后凉</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8C%E6%97%8F" title="羌族">羌</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E7%A7%A6" title="后秦">后秦</a> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%95%E6%98%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="宕昌國">宕昌</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%A7%E8%87%B3" title="鄧至">鄧至</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%97%8F" title="汉族">漢</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E6%99%8B" title="东晋">东晋</a> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E5%87%89" title="前凉">前凉</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%89%E9%AD%8F" title="冉魏">冉魏</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B6%BC" title="西涼">西涼</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E8%A5%BF%E5%87%89" class="mw-redirect" title="后西凉">后西涼</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%87%89" title="北凉">北凉</a>（段氏） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%93%E6%A5%9A" title="桓楚">桓楚</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%99%E8%9C%80" title="譙蜀">譙蜀</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%87%95" title="北燕">北燕</a>（馮氏）</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E5%8F%A5%E9%BA%97%E4%BA%BA" title="高句麗人">高句丽</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E7%87%95" title="北燕">北燕</a>（高氏）</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E9%9B%B6" title="丁零">丁零</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%9F%E9%AD%8F" title="翟魏">翟魏</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他政權</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%98%E6%B2%88" title="丘沈">丘沈</a> · <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E4%BA%A2" title="胡亢">胡亢</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E6%9B%BE" title="杜曾">杜曾</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9B%E9%99%A4%E6%AC%8A%E6%B8%A0" title="虛除權渠">虛除權渠</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%A6%AC%E4%BF%9D" title="司馬保">司馬保</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A5%E6%B8%A0%E7%9F%A5" title="句渠知">句渠知</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E5%AE%89_(%E6%99%89%E6%9C%9D)" title="陳安 (晉朝)">陳安</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%95%E5%AE%B9%E4%BB%81" title="慕容仁">慕容仁</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BE%AF%E5%AD%90%E5%85%89" title="侯子光">侯子光</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E9%9F%9C" title="黃韜">黃韜</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%B5%E9%BE%95" title="段龕">段龕</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E6%98%BE_(%E7%8B%AC%E5%AD%A4%E9%83%A8)" title="刘显 (独孤部)">劉顯</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E8%8A%92%E8%95%A9" title="劉芒蕩">劉芒蕩</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E7%90%9A" title="張琚">張琚</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%B5%E5%8B%A4" title="段勤">段勤</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%8D%88" title="王午">王午</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E6%9E%97_(%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E5%9C%8B)" title="蘇林 (十六國)">蘇林</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%82%E8%AD%B7" title="呂護">呂護</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E5%BA%B7_(%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E5%9C%8B)" title="劉康 (十六國)">劉康</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%BC%98_(%E5%BB%A3%E6%BC%A2)" title="李弘 (廣漢)">李弘</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E8%82%B2" title="張育">張育</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%AE%AE%E4%BA%8E%E4%B9%9E" title="鮮于乞">鮮于乞</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E5%AF%A7_(%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E5%9C%8B)" title="康寧 (十六國)">康寧</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E9%BB%8E" title="劉黎">劉黎</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E6%8F%AD%E9%A3%9B" title="魏揭飛">魏揭飛</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E9%95%B7" title="法長">法長</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E8%B6%85_(%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E5%9B%BD)" title="张超 (十六国)">張超</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a 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href="/wiki/%E5%8C%88%E4%BA%BA" title="匈人">匈人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E6%B3%B0%E4%BA%BA" title="斯基泰人">斯基泰人</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E8%BF%A6" title="塞迦">塞迦</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E7%81%AB%E7%BD%97%E4%BA%BA" title="吐火罗人">吐火罗人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E9%A6%AC%E6%8F%90%E4%BA%9E%E4%BA%BA" title="薩馬提亞人">萨尔马提亚人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%AD%AB" title="烏孫">烏孫</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%9F%E7%89%B9" title="粟特">粟特</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E5%B1%85" title="康居">康居</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%A4%8F_(%E4%B8%AD%E4%BA%9A%E5%8F%A4%E5%9B%BD)" title="大夏 (中亚古国)">大夏</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%85%8A-%E5%B7%B4%E5%85%8B%E7%89%B9%E9%87%8C%E4%BA%9A%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="希腊-巴克特里亚王国">希腊-巴克特里亚王国</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%AE%9B" title="大宛">大宛</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%88%E6%B0%8F" title="月氏">月氏</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%9C%88%E6%B0%8F" title="大月氏">大月氏</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%B4%E9%9C%9C%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="貴霜帝國">貴霜帝國</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%BC%E6%8F%AD" title="呼揭">呼揭</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%AF" title="羯">羯</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%84%E8%94%A1" title="奄蔡">奄蔡</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%98%AD%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="阿蘭王國">阿蘭王國</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B6%E5%B0%BC%E5%A1%9E%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E5%90%89%E6%96%AF%E4%BA%BA" title="叶尼塞吉尔吉斯人">堅昆</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%81%E9%9B%B6" title="丁零">丁零</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="奚">奚</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">敕勒</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81%E5%8B%92" title="铁勒">铁勒</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%A6%E5%B8%88" title="车师">车师</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%9C%E5%8D%91" title="鲜卑">鲜卑</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%94%E7%84%B6" title="柔然">柔然</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%82%85%E8%88%AC" title="悅般">悅般</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E9%99%80%E9%83%A8" title="沙陀部">沙陀</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%9A%E9%A0%85" title="党項">党項</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A4%8F" title="西夏">西夏</a>） ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%93%A6%E5%B0%94%E4%BA%BA" title="阿瓦尔人">阿瓦尔人</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%BD%E5%AF%9F" title="欽察">欽察</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%93%E6%9B%BC%E4%BA%BA" title="库曼人">庫曼</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E9%87%8C" title="康里">康里</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9E%E9%B9%98" title="回鹘">回鹘</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E8%AA%9E%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="突厥語民族">突厥</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5" title="古突厥">古突厥</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" title="突厥汗国">突厥汗国</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5" title="東突厥">東突厥汗國</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5" title="西突厥">西突厥汗國</a> ·</span> <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8E%E7%AA%81%E5%8E%A5%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" title="后突厥汗国">后突厥汗国</a>）</span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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