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src="//web.archive.org/web/20140225165616js_/http://bits.wikimedia.org/geoiplookup"></script><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//web.archive.org/web/20140225165616/http://meta.wikimedia.org/"/></head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr ns-0 ns-subject page-House_of_Burgesses_of_Virginia skin-vector action-view vector-animateLayout"> <div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="mw-js-message" style="display:none;"></div> <div id="siteNotice"></div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en"><span dir="auto">House of Burgesses of Virginia</span></h1> <div id="bodyContent"> <div id="siteSub">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> <div id="contentSub"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav" class="mw-jump"> Jump to: <a href="#mw-navigation">navigation</a>, <a href="#p-search">search</a> </div> <div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><table class="infobox vcard" cellspacing="3" style="border-spacing:3px;width:22em;"> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-color: #ededed;"><span class="fn org">House of Burgesses of Virginia</span></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia" title="Colony of Virginia">Colony of Virginia</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Patrick_Henry_Rothermel.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Coat of arms or logo" src="//web.archive.org/web/20140225165616im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Patrick_Henry_Rothermel.jpg/170px-Patrick_Henry_Rothermel.jpg" width="170" height="220" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20140225165616im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Patrick_Henry_Rothermel.jpg/255px-Patrick_Henry_Rothermel.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20140225165616im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Patrick_Henry_Rothermel.jpg/340px-Patrick_Henry_Rothermel.jpg 2x"/></a><br/> <div><a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Henry" title="Patrick Henry">Patrick Henry</a> in the House of Burgesses by <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_F._Rothermel" title="Peter F. Rothermel">Peter F. Rothermel</a></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #ededed;">History</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Established</th> <td>1619</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Disbanded</th> <td>1776</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Succeeded by</th> <td><a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_House_of_Delegates" title="Virginia House of Delegates">Virginia House of Delegates</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #ededed;">Meeting place</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:House_of_Burgesses_in_the_Capitol_Williamsburg_James_City_County_Virginia_by_Frances_Benjamin_Johnston.jpg" class="image"><img alt="House of Burgesses in the Capitol Williamsburg James City County Virginia by Frances Benjamin Johnston.jpg" src="//web.archive.org/web/20140225165616im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/House_of_Burgesses_in_the_Capitol_Williamsburg_James_City_County_Virginia_by_Frances_Benjamin_Johnston.jpg/220px-House_of_Burgesses_in_the_Capitol_Williamsburg_James_City_County_Virginia_by_Frances_Benjamin_Johnston.jpg" width="220" height="173" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20140225165616im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/House_of_Burgesses_in_the_Capitol_Williamsburg_James_City_County_Virginia_by_Frances_Benjamin_Johnston.jpg/330px-House_of_Burgesses_in_the_Capitol_Williamsburg_James_City_County_Virginia_by_Frances_Benjamin_Johnston.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20140225165616im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/House_of_Burgesses_in_the_Capitol_Williamsburg_James_City_County_Virginia_by_Frances_Benjamin_Johnston.jpg/440px-House_of_Burgesses_in_the_Capitol_Williamsburg_James_City_County_Virginia_by_Frances_Benjamin_Johnston.jpg 2x"/></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="label" style="text-align:center;">Reconstructed chamber in Williamsburg<br/> <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamestown,_Virginia" title="Jamestown, Virginia">Jamestown, Virginia</a> (1619-1699)<br/> <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamsburg,_Virginia" title="Williamsburg, Virginia">Williamsburg, Virginia</a> (1699-1776)</td> </tr> </table> <p>The <b>House of Burgesses</b> <span class="nowrap"><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA"><a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English" title="Help:IPA for English">/</a></span><span class="IPA nopopups"><a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English"><span title="/ˈ/ primary stress follows" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">ˈ</span></a></span><span class="IPA nopopups"><a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English"><span title="'b' in 'buy'" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">b</span></a></span><span class="IPA nopopups"><a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English"><span title="/ɜr/ 'ir' in 'bird'" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">ɜr</span></a></span><span class="IPA nopopups"><a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English"><span title="/dʒ/ 'j' in 'jam'" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">dʒ</span></a></span><span class="IPA nopopups"><a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English"><span title="/ɪ/ short 'i' in 'bid'" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">ɪ</span></a></span><span class="IPA nopopups"><a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English"><span title="'s' in 'sigh'" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">s</span></a></span><span class="IPA nopopups"><a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English"><span title="/ɪ/ short 'i' in 'bid'" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">ɪ</span></a></span><span class="IPA nopopups"><a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English#Key" title="Help:IPA for English"><span title="'z' in 'zebra'" style="border-bottom:1px dotted">z</span></a></span><span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA"><a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_English" title="Help:IPA for English">/</a></span></span> of Virginia was the first legislative assembly of elected <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislator" title="Legislator">representatives</a> in North America.<sup id="cite_ref-Hatch_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hatch-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> The House was established by the <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Company" title="Virginia Company">Virginia Company</a>, who created the body as part of an effort to encourage English craftsmen to settle in North America and to make conditions in the colony more agreeable for its current inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-Bosher_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosher-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> Its first meeting was held in <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamestown,_Virginia" title="Jamestown, Virginia">Jamestown, Virginia</a>, on July 30, 1619.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>The word "<a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgess_(title)" title="Burgess (title)">Burgess</a>" means an elected or appointed official of a <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">municipality</a>, or the representative of a <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borough" title="Borough">borough</a> in the <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_House_of_Commons" title="English House of Commons" class="mw-redirect">English House of Commons</a>.</p> <p></p> <div id="toc" class="toc"> <div id="toctitle"> <h2>Contents</h2> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Origin_and_Early_Years"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Origin and Early Years</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Moving_toward_independence"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Moving toward independence</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Meeting_places"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Meeting places</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Legacy"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Legacy</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <p></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Origin_and_Early_Years">Origin and Early Years</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=House_of_Burgesses_of_Virginia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origin and Early Years">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>The <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colony_of_Virginia" title="Colony of Virginia">Colony of Virginia</a> was founded by an English stock company, the <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Company" title="Virginia Company">Virginia Company</a>, as a private venture, though under a <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charter_of_1606" title="Charter of 1606">royal charter</a>. Early governors provided the stern leadership and harsh judgments required for the colony to survive its early difficulties. As early crises with famine, disease, Indian attacks, the need to establish a cash crop and insufficient skilled or committed labor subsided, the colony needed to attract enough new and responsible settlers if it was to grow and prosper. To encourage settlers to come to Virginia, in 1618-1619, the Virginia Company's leaders drew up a great charter. <sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> Emigrants who paid their own way to Virginia would receive fifty acres of land. They would not be mere tenants. Civil authority would control the military. A council of burgesses, representatives chosen by the inhabitants of the colony for their government, would be convened as the House of Burgesses. The governor could veto their actions and the company still had overall control of the venture, but the settlers would have a say in their own government, including the right of the House of Burgesses to introduce money bills.<sup id="cite_ref-Rubin3_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rubin3-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>On July 30, 1619, the first legislative assembly in the Americas convened for a six-day meeting at the church on <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamestown_Island" title="Jamestown Island" class="mw-redirect">Jamestown Island</a>, Virginia. A council chosen by the Virginia Company as advisers to the governor, the <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Governor%27s_Council" title="Virginia Governor's Council">Virginia Governor's Council</a>, met as a sort of "upper house," while 22 elected representatives met as the House of Burgesses. Together, the House of Burgesses and the Council would be the Virginia General Assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-Rubin3_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rubin3-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>The House's first session of July 30, 1619, accomplished little. It was cut short by an outbreak of <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a>. The assembly had 22 members from the following constituencies: <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_City_(Virginia_Company)" title="James City (Virginia Company)">James City</a> (<a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Powell_(Virginia_colonist)" title="William Powell (Virginia colonist)">Captain William Powell</a>, <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Spense&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Spense (page does not exist)">Ensign William Spense</a>), <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_City_(Virginia_Company)" title="Charles City (Virginia Company)">Charles City</a> (<a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Samuel_Sharpe_(burgess)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samuel Sharpe (burgess) (page does not exist)">Sergeant Samuel Sharpe</a>, <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Jordan" title="Samuel Jordan">Samuel Jordan</a>), <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrico_City_(Virginia_Company)" title="Henrico City (Virginia Company)">the City of Henricus</a> (<a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Dowse" title="Thomas Dowse">Thomas Dowse</a>, <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Polentine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Polentine (page does not exist)">John Polentine</a> or <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Plentine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Plentine (page does not exist)">John Plentine</a>), <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kecoughtan,_Virginia" title="Kecoughtan, Virginia">Kicoughtan</a> (<a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_Tucker_(burgess)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Tucker (burgess) (page does not exist)">Captain William Tucker</a>, <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Capps" title="William Capps">William Capps</a>), <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_Brandon_Plantation" title="Lower Brandon Plantation">Martin-Brandon</a> (Captain John Martin's Plantation) (<a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Davis_(burgess)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Davis (burgess) (page does not exist)">Thomas Davis</a>, <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Stacy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Stacy (page does not exist)">Robert Stacy</a>), <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smythe%27s_Hundred" title="Smythe's Hundred" class="mw-redirect">Smythe's Hundred</a> (<a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captain_Thomas_Graves" title="Captain Thomas Graves">Captain Thomas Graves</a>, <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Shelley" title="Walter Shelley">Walter Shelley</a>), <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin%27s_Hundred" title="Martin's Hundred">Martin's Hundred</a> (<a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Boys_(burgess)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Boys (burgess) (page does not exist)">John Boys</a>, <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Jackson_(burgess)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Jackson (burgess) (page does not exist)">John Jackson</a>), <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argall%27s_Gift_Plantation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Argall's Gift Plantation (page does not exist)">Argall's Gift Plantation</a> (<a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Pawlett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Pawlett (page does not exist)">Thomas Pawlett</a>, <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edward_Gourgainy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Gourgainy (page does not exist)">Edward Gourgainy</a>), <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flowerdew_Hundred_Plantation" title="Flowerdew Hundred Plantation">Flowerdew Hundred Plantation</a> or Flowerdieu Hundred (<a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ensign_Edmund_Rossingham&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ensign Edmund Rossingham (page does not exist)">Ensign Edmund Rossingham</a>, John Jefferson), Captain Lawne's Plantation (<a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Lawne" title="Christopher Lawne">Captain Christopher Lawne</a>, <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensign_Washer" title="Ensign Washer">Ensign Washer</a>), and Captain Ward's Plantation (<a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Warde_(burgess)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Warde (burgess) (page does not exist)">Captain John Warde</a> or Capt. John Ward, <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Gibbs_(Virginia_politician)" title="John Gibbs (Virginia politician)">Lt. John Gibbs</a> or Lt. Gibbes).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Especially after the massacre of about 400 colonists on March 22, 1622 by <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a> and epidemics in the winters before and after the massacre, the governor and council ruled arbitrarily and allowed no dissent. By 1624, the royal government in <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London,_England" title="London, England" class="mw-redirect">London</a> had heard enough about the problems of the colony and revoked the charter of the Virginia Company. Virginia became a <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_colony" title="Crown colony">crown colony</a> and the governor and council would be chosen by the king. Nonetheless, the basic form of government of the colony was retained, although the right of the General Assembly to exist was not officially confirmed until 1639.<sup id="cite_ref-Rubin3_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rubin3-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>In 1634, the General Assembly divided the colony into eight <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shires_of_Virginia" title="Shires of Virginia">shires</a> (later redesignated as <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County#United_States" title="County">counties</a>) for purposes of government, administration and the judicial system. By 1643, the expanding colony had 15 counties. All of the county offices, including a board of commissioners, judges, sheriff, constable and clerks, were appointed positions. Only the members of the House of Burgesses were elected by a vote of the people. Women had no right to vote. While all free men originally were given the right to vote, by 1670 only property owners were allowed to vote.<sup id="cite_ref-Rubin3_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rubin3-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>In 1652, the parliamentary forces of <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a> forced the colony to submit to their takeover of the British government. Again, the colonists were able to retain the General Assembly as their governing body. Only taxes agreed to by the assembly were to be levied. Still most Virginia colonists were loyal to Prince Charles and were pleased at his restoration as King <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a> in 1660. He went on directly or indirectly to restrict some of the liberties of the colonists, such as requiring tobacco to be shipped only to England only on English ships with the price set by the English merchant buyers,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> but the General Assembly remained.<sup id="cite_ref-Rubin3_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rubin3-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>A majority of the members of the General Assembly of 1676 were supporters of <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathaniel_Bacon_(colonist)" title="Nathaniel Bacon (colonist)">Nathaniel Bacon</a>. They enacted legislation designed to further popular sovereignty and representative government and to equalize opportunities.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> Bacon took little part in the deliberations since he was busy fighting the Native Americans.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>The statehouse in Jamestown burned down for the fourth time on October 20, 1698. The House of Burgesses met temporarily in <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Plantation_(Virginia)" title="Middle Plantation (Virginia)">Middle Plantation</a>, 11 miles (18 km) inland from Jamestown, and then in 1699 permanently moved the capital of the colony to Middle Plantation, which they renamed <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamsburg,_Virginia" title="Williamsburg, Virginia">Williamsburg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Moving_toward_independence">Moving toward independence</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=House_of_Burgesses_of_Virginia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Moving toward independence">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Though not a <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_and_Indian_Wars" title="French and Indian Wars">unique occurrence</a> on the frontier, colonists remained loyal to the <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">British crown</a> during the <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_and_Indian_War" title="French and Indian War">French and Indian War</a> in North America from 1754 to 1763. Despite its beginnings in Europe between Great Britain and France, it resulted in local colonial losses and economic disruption. Higher taxes were to follow, and adverse local reactions to these and how they were determined would drive events well into the next decade.<sup id="cite_ref-Anderson_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Anderson-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>In 1764, desiring revenue from its North American colonies, Parliament passed the first law specifically aimed at raising colonial money for the Crown. The <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar_Act" title="Sugar Act">Sugar Act</a> increased duties on non-British goods shipped to the colonies.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> The same year, the <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currency_Act" title="Currency Act">Currency Act</a> prohibited American colonies from issuing their own currency.<sup id="cite_ref-Greene_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greene-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup> These angered many American colonists and began colonial opposition with protests. By the end of the year, many colonies were practicing non-importation, a refusal to use imported English goods.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnson_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnson-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> In 1765 the British <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartering_Acts#Quartering_Act_of_1765" title="Quartering Acts">Quartering Act</a>, which required the colonies to provide barracks and supplies to British troops, further angered American colonists; and to raise more money for Britain, Parliament enacted the <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stamp_Act_1765" title="Stamp Act 1765">Stamp Act</a> on the American colonies, to tax newspapers, almanacs, pamphlets, broadsides, legal documents, dice, and playing cards.<sup id="cite_ref-LOC_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LOC-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup> American colonists responded to Parliament's acts with organized protest throughout the colonies. A network of secret organizations known as the Sons of Liberty was created to intimidate the stamp agents collecting the taxes, and before the Stamp Act could take effect, all the appointed stamp agents in the colonies had resigned.<sup id="cite_ref-ushistory_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ushistory-15"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup> The Massachusetts Assembly suggested a meeting of all colonies to work for the repeal of the Stamp Act, and all but four colonies were represented.<sup id="cite_ref-Rothbard_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rothbard-16"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup> The colonists also increased their non-importation efforts,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup> and sought to increase in local production.</p> <p>In May 1765, <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Henry" title="Patrick Henry">Patrick Henry</a> presented a series of resolves that became known as the <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_Resolves" title="Virginia Resolves">Virginia Resolves</a>, denouncing the Stamp Act and denying the authority of the British parliament to tax the colonies, since they were not represented by elected members of parliament. Newspapers around the colonies published all his resolves, even the most radical ones which had not been passed by the assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>In 1769 the Virginia House of Burgesses passed several resolutions condemning Britain's stationing troops in Boston following the <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts_Circular_Letter" title="Massachusetts Circular Letter">Massachusetts Circular Letter</a> of the previous year; these resolutions stated that only Virginia's governor and legislature could tax its citizens.<sup id="cite_ref-macdonald1914_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-macdonald1914-19"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup> The members also drafted a formal letter to the King, completing it just before the legislature was dissolved by Virginia's royal governor.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>In 1774 the <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Continental_Congress" title="First Continental Congress">First Continental Congress</a> passed their <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaration_and_Resolves_of_the_First_Continental_Congress" title="Declaration and Resolves of the First Continental Congress">Declaration and Resolves</a>, which <i>inter alia</i> claimed that American colonists were equal to all other British citizens, protested against taxation without representation, and stated that Britain could not tax the colonists since they were not represented in Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-macdonald1916_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-macdonald1916-21"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Meeting_places">Meeting places</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=House_of_Burgesses_of_Virginia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Meeting places">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>In 1619, the first house of Burgesses met in a church in Jamestown subsequent meetings of the House of Burgesses continued to take place in Jamestown.<sup id="cite_ref-Hatch_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hatch-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>In 1699, the seat of the House of Burgesses was moved from Jamestown to Middle Plantation, soon renamed <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamsburg,_Virginia" title="Williamsburg, Virginia">Williamsburg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Olmert_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Olmert-22"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup> The Burgesses met there in two consecutive Capitol buildings (the first use of the word in the English Colonies). The present <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitol_(Williamsburg,_Virginia)" title="Capitol (Williamsburg, Virginia)">Capitol</a> at <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonial_Williamsburg" title="Colonial Williamsburg">Colonial Williamsburg</a> is a reconstruction of the earlier of the two lost buildings.</p> <p>In 1779, and effective in April 1780, the House of Delegates moved the capital city to <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia" title="Richmond, Virginia">Richmond</a> during the <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a> for safety reasons.<sup id="cite_ref-vhs_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vhs-23"><span>[</span>23<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Legacy">Legacy</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=House_of_Burgesses_of_Virginia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Legacy">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>The Assembly became the <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_House_of_Delegates" title="Virginia House of Delegates">Virginia House of Delegates</a> in 1776, forming the lower house of the <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_General_Assembly" title="Virginia General Assembly">Virginia General Assembly</a>, the legislative branch of the <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Virginia" title="Commonwealth of Virginia" class="mw-redirect">Commonwealth (State) of Virginia</a>.</p> <p>In honor of the original House of Burgesses, every other year, the Virginia General Assembly traditionally leaves the current <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia_State_Capitol" title="Virginia State Capitol">Virginia State Capitol</a> in Richmond, and meets for one day in the restored <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitol_(Williamsburg,_Virginia)" title="Capitol (Williamsburg, Virginia)">Capitol</a> at <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonial_Williamsburg" title="Colonial Williamsburg">Colonial Williamsburg</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>In 2006, the Assembly held a special session at Jamestown to mark the 400th anniversary of its founding as part of the Jamestown 2007 celebration including an address by then-vice president Dick Cheney.<sup id="cite_ref-archives_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archives-25"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=House_of_Burgesses_of_Virginia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Virginia_House_of_Burgesses" title="List of members of the Virginia House of Burgesses">List of members of the Virginia House of Burgesses</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Speakers_of_the_Virginia_House_of_Burgesses" title="List of Speakers of the Virginia House of Burgesses">List of Speakers of the Virginia House of Burgesses</a></li> </ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=House_of_Burgesses_of_Virginia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Hatch-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hatch_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hatch_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Hatch, Charles (1956). <i>America's Oldest Legislative Assembly & Its Jamestown Statehouses, Appendix II</i>. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Burgesses+of+Virginia&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.au=Hatch%2C+Charles&rft.aulast=Hatch&rft.btitle=America%27s+Oldest+Legislative+Assembly+%26+Its+Jamestown+Statehouses%2C+Appendix+II&rft.date=1956&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+the+Interior%2C+National+Park+Service&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bosher-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bosher_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation journal">Bosher, Kate (1907). "The First House of Burgesses". <i>The North American Review</i>. 184 (612): 733–39.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Burgesses+of+Virginia&rft.atitle=The+First+House+of+Burgesses&rft.au=Bosher%2C+Kate&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft.aulast=Bosher&rft.date=1907&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=612&rft.jtitle=The+North+American+Review&rft.pages=733%E2%80%9339&rft.series=184&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web">ushistory.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140225165616/http://www.ushistory.org/us/2f.asp">"The House of Burgesses"</a>. Ushistory.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 2013-07-10</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Burgesses+of+Virginia&rft.aulast=ushistory.org&rft.au=ushistory.org&rft.btitle=The+House+of+Burgesses&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ushistory.org%2Fus%2F2f.asp&rft.pub=Ushistory.org&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Virginia Company of London (1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140225165616/http://www.gutenberg.org/files/36181/36181-h/36181-h.htm#pg_8"><i>Instructions to George Yeardley, 18 November 1618 (Sometimes called "The Great Charter")</i></a>. Jamestown 350th Anniversary Historical Booklet Number 4. Introduction by Samuel M. Bemiss. Williamsburg, Virginia: Virginia 350th Anniversary Celebration Corporation. pp. 95–108<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 5 July 2013</span>. "Fn. 4: There is no authority in these Instructions for the Governor to establish a General Assembly. There is, however, evidence in the Instructions to Wyatt (p. 123) that a "Commission" was given to Yeardley which granted this authority."</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Burgesses+of+Virginia&rft.aulast=Virginia+Company+of+London&rft.au=Virginia+Company+of+London&rft.btitle=Instructions+to+George+Yeardley%2C+18+November+1618+%28Sometimes+called+%22The+Great+Charter%22%29&rft.date=1957&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Ffiles%2F36181%2F36181-h%2F36181-h.htm%23pg_8&rft.pages=95%E2%80%93108&rft.place=Williamsburg%2C+Virginia&rft.pub=Virginia+350th+Anniversary+Celebration+Corporation&rft.series=Jamestown+350th+Anniversary+Historical+Booklet+Number+4&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Rubin3-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rubin3_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rubin3_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rubin3_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rubin3_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rubin3_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rubin, Jr. Louis D. <i>Virginia: A History</i>.New York W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1977. <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0393056309" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-393-05630-9</a>. pp. 3–27.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stanard, William G. and Mary Newton Stanard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140225165616/http://books.google.com/books?id=WaA-AAAAYAAJ"><i>The Virginia Colonial Register</i></a>. Albany, NY: Joel Munsell's Sons Publishers, 1902. <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20140225165616/http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/253261475">253261475</a>, Retrieved July 15, 2011. p. 52.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rubin, 1977, p. 19.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rubin, 1977, p. 25.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rubin, 1977, p. 26.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rubin, 1977. p. 29.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Anderson-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Anderson_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation journal">Anderson, Fred (2005). "The Real First World War and the Making of America.". <i>American Heritage</i>. 6 <b>56</b> (75).</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Burgesses+of+Virginia&rft.atitle=The+Real+First+World+War+and+the+Making+of+America.&rft.au=Anderson%2C+Fred&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=75&rft.jtitle=American+Heritage&rft.series=6&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=56" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Johnson-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Johnson_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Johnson_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation journal">Johnson, Allen. "The Passage of the Sugar Act". <i>The William and Mary Quarterly</i>. 16 (4): 507–14.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Burgesses+of+Virginia&rft.atitle=The+Passage+of+the+Sugar+Act&rft.aufirst=Allen&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Allen&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=The+William+and+Mary+Quarterly&rft.pages=507%E2%80%9314&rft.series=16&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Greene-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Greene_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation journal">Greene, Jack; Richard Jellison (1961). "The Currency Act of 1764 in Imperial-Colonial Relations, 1764-1776.". <i>The William and Mary Quarterly</i>. 3 <b>18</b> (4): 485–518.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Burgesses+of+Virginia&rft.atitle=The+Currency+Act+of+1764+in+Imperial-Colonial+Relations%2C+1764-1776.&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft.au=Greene%2C+Jack&rft.aulast=Greene&rft.date=1961&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=4&rft.jtitle=The+William+and+Mary+Quarterly&rft.pages=485%E2%80%93518&rft.series=3&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.volume=18" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Cite uses deprecated parameters (<a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#deprecated_params" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-LOC-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LOC_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140225165616/http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/continental/timeline.html">"America During the Age of Revolution, 1764-1775"</a>. <i>Library of Congress</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 6 May 2012</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Burgesses+of+Virginia&rft.atitle=America+During+the+Age+of+Revolution%2C+1764-1775&rft.genre=article&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmemory.loc.gov%2Fammem%2Fcollections%2Fcontinental%2Ftimeline.html&rft.jtitle=Library+of+Congress&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-ushistory-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ushistory_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140225165616/http://www.ushistory.org/declaration/related/sons.htm">"The Sons of Liberty"</a>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Burgesses+of+Virginia&rft.btitle=The+Sons+of+Liberty&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ushistory.org%2Fdeclaration%2Frelated%2Fsons.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Rothbard-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rothbard_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Rothbard, Murray (1975). <i>The Stamp Act Congress</i>. NY: Arlington House.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Burgesses+of+Virginia&rft.aufirst=Murray&rft.aulast=Rothbard&rft.au=Rothbard%2C+Murray&rft.btitle=The+Stamp+Act+Congress&rft.date=1975&rft.genre=book&rft.place=NY&rft.pub=Arlington+House&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140225165616/http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/continental/timeline.html">America During the Age of Revolution, 1764-1765</a>, <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon S. Wood, <i>The American Revolution, A History.</i> New York, Modern Library, 2002 <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0812970411" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8129-7041-1</a>, p.14</span></li> <li id="cite_note-macdonald1914-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-macdonald1914_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">MacDonald, William (1914). <i>Select Charters and Other Documents Illustrative of American History, 1606-1775</i>. NY: Macmillan.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Burgesses+of+Virginia&rft.aufirst=William&rft.aulast=MacDonald&rft.au=MacDonald%2C+William&rft.btitle=Select+Charters+and+Other+Documents+Illustrative+of+American+History%2C+1606-1775.&rft.date=1914&rft.genre=book&rft.place=NY&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140225165616/http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/continental/timeline.html">America During the Age of Revolution, 1768-1769</a>, <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-macdonald1916-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-macdonald1916_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Macdonald, William (1916). <i>Documentary Source Book of American History, 1606-1913</i>. NY: Macmillan.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Burgesses+of+Virginia&rft.aufirst=William&rft.aulast=Macdonald&rft.au=Macdonald%2C+William&rft.btitle=Documentary+Source+Book+of+American+History%2C+1606-1913&rft.date=1916&rft.genre=book&rft.place=NY&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Olmert-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Olmert_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book">Olmert, Michael (1985). <i>Official Guide to Colonial Williamsburg</i>. Williamsburg, VA: Colonial Williamsburg Foundation.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Burgesses+of+Virginia&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.aulast=Olmert&rft.au=Olmert%2C+Michael&rft.btitle=Official+Guide+to+Colonial+Williamsburg&rft.date=1985&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Williamsburg%2C+VA&rft.pub=Colonial+Williamsburg+Foundation&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-vhs-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vhs_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140225165616/http://www.vahistorical.org/education/april.htm">"April dates in Virginia history"</a>. Virginia Historical Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 6 May 2012</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Burgesses+of+Virginia&rft.btitle=April+dates+in+Virginia+history&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vahistorical.org%2Feducation%2Fapril.htm&rft.pub=Virginia+Historical+Society&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140225165616/http://www.history.org/almanack/places/hb/hbcap.cfm">"www.history.org - Historic Sites & Buildings : Capitol of Colonial Williamsburg"</a>. www.history.org.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Burgesses+of+Virginia&rft.btitle=www.history.org+-+Historic+Sites+%26+Buildings+%3A+Capitol+of+Colonial+Williamsburg&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.org%2Falmanack%2Fplaces%2Fhb%2Fhbcap.cfm&rft.pub=www.history.org&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-archives-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-archives_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140225165616/http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2007/01/20070110-2.html">"Vice President's Remarks to a Joint Session of the Virginia General Assembly"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved 6 May 2012</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Burgesses+of+Virginia&rft.btitle=Vice+President%27s+Remarks+to+a+Joint+Session+of+the+Virginia+General+Assembly&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeorgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov%2Fnews%2Freleases%2F2007%2F01%2F20070110-2.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> </ol> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Further_reading">Further reading</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=House_of_Burgesses_of_Virginia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul> <li>Hatch, Charles E., Jr., (1956 rev). <i>America's Oldest Legislative Assembly & Its Jamestown Statehouses</i>, Appendix II. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service.</li> <li><span class="citation book">Mayer, Henry (1986). <i>A Son of Thunder, Patrick Henry and the American Republic</i>. New York: Franklin Watts.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Burgesses+of+Virginia&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft.aulast=Mayer&rft.au=Mayer%2C+Henry&rft.btitle=A+Son+of+Thunder%2C+Patrick+Henry+and+the+American+Republic&rft.date=1986&rft.genre=book&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Franklin+Watts&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li>Rubin, Jr. Louis D. <i>Virginia: A History</i>.New York W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1977. <a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0393056309" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-393-05630-9</a>.</li> <li>Salmon, Emily J. and Campbell, Jr., Edward D. C., editors, <i>The Hornbook of Virginia History.</i> Richmond, Virginia: The Library of Virginia, 1994.</li> </ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=House_of_Burgesses_of_Virginia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20140225165616im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" width="12" height="16" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20140225165616im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20140225165616im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x"/> Media related to <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20140225165616/http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:House_of_Burgesses" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:House of Burgesses">Category:House of Burgesses</a> at Wikimedia Commons</p>   <noscript><img src="//web.archive.org/web/20140225165616im_/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" title="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"/></noscript></div> <div class="printfooter"> Retrieved from "<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=House_of_Burgesses_of_Virginia&oldid=592834424">http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=House_of_Burgesses_of_Virginia&oldid=592834424</a>" </div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1619_establishments_in_Virginia" title="Category:1619 establishments in Virginia">1619 establishments in Virginia</a></li><li><a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:1776_disestablishments_in_Virginia" title="Category:1776 disestablishments in Virginia">1776 disestablishments in Virginia</a></li><li><a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Defunct_unicameral_legislatures" title="Category:Defunct unicameral legislatures">Defunct unicameral legislatures</a></li><li><a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:House_of_Burgesses" title="Category:House of Burgesses">House of Burgesses</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Pages_containing_cite_templates_with_deprecated_parameters" title="Category:Pages containing cite templates with deprecated parameters">Pages containing cite templates with deprecated parameters</a></li></ul></div></div> <div class="visualClear"></div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-navigation"> <h2>Navigation menu</h2> <div id="mw-head"> <div id="p-personal" role="navigation" class="" aria-labelledby="p-personal-label"> <h3 id="p-personal-label">Personal tools</h3> <ul> <li id="pt-createaccount"><a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=House+of+Burgesses+of+Virginia&type=signup">Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login"><a href="/web/20140225165616/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=House+of+Burgesses+of+Virginia" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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