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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head xmlns:dri="http://di.tamu.edu/DRI/1.0/" xmlns:i18n="http://apache.org/cocoon/i18n/2.1"><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("http://ubrisa.ub.bw:80/","20130814033733","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1376451453"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <meta content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"/> <meta name="Generator" content="DSpace 1.6.1"/> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="/web/20130814033733cs_/http://ubrisa.ub.bw/themes/UB2a/lib/css/style.css"/> <link type="application/rss+xml" rel="alternate" href="/web/20130814033733/http://ubrisa.ub.bw/feed/rss_1.0/site"/> <link type="application/rss+xml" rel="alternate" href="/web/20130814033733/http://ubrisa.ub.bw/feed/rss_2.0/site"/> <link type="application/atom+xml" rel="alternate" href="/web/20130814033733/http://ubrisa.ub.bw/feed/atom_1.0/site"/> <link type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" rel="search" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130814033733/http://ubrisa.ub.bw:80/open-search/description.xml" title="DSpace"/> <script type="text/javascript"> //Clear default text of emty text areas on focus function tFocus(element) { if (element.value == ' '){element.value='';} } //Clear default text of emty text areas on submit function tSubmit(form) { var defaultedElements = document.getElementsByTagName("textarea"); for (var i=0; i != defaultedElements.length; i++){ if (defaultedElements[i].value == ' '){ defaultedElements[i].value='';}} } //Disable pressing 'enter' key to submit a form (otherwise pressing 'enter' causes a submission to start over) function disableEnterKey(e) { var key; if(window.event) key = window.event.keyCode; //Internet Explorer else key = e.which; //Firefox and Netscape if(key == 13) //if "Enter" pressed, then disable! return false; else return true; } </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20130814033733js_/http://ubrisa.ub.bw/themes/UB2a/lib/jquery-1.2.min.js">聽</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20130814033733js_/http://ubrisa.ub.bw/themes/UB2a/lib/kubrick-jquery.js">聽</script> <script type="text/javascript">var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? 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'faq','width=800,menubar=no,status=yes,location=0,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes')" href="javascript:void(0)"> FAQs </a> </div> </div> <a href="/web/20130814033733/http://ubrisa.ub.bw/"> <span id="ds-header-logo">聽</span> </a> <h1 class="pagetitle">DSpace Home</h1> </div> <div xmlns:i18n="http://apache.org/cocoon/i18n/2.1" xmlns="http://di.tamu.edu/DRI/1.0/" id="ds-trail-con"> <div> <ul id="ds-trail"> <li class="ds-trail-link first-linklast-link"> <a class="trail_anchor" href="">DSpace Home</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div xmlns:i18n="http://apache.org/cocoon/i18n/2.1" xmlns="http://di.tamu.edu/DRI/1.0/" id="ds-user-box"> <a href="/web/20130814033733/http://ubrisa.ub.bw/password-login">Login</a> </div> </div> <div xmlns:i18n="http://apache.org/cocoon/i18n/2.1" id="ds-hmeimg"> </div> <div class="narrowcolumn" id="content"> <h1 style="font-size: 218%;" class="ds-div-head">University of Botswana Research, Innovation and Scholarship Archive</h1> <div xmlns:dri="http://di.tamu.edu/DRI/1.0/" xmlns:i18n="http://apache.org/cocoon/i18n/2.1" id="file_news_div_news" class="ds-static-div primary"> <p class="ds-paragraph">Welcome to UBRISA, the digital repository that showcases the University of Botswana research!</p> </div> 聽 <h1 style="font-size: 242%;" class="ds-div-head">Communities in DSpace</h1> <div xmlns:i18n="http://apache.org/cocoon/i18n/2.1" xmlns="http://di.tamu.edu/DRI/1.0/" xmlns:dri="http://di.tamu.edu/DRI/1.0/" id="aspect_artifactbrowser_CommunityBrowser_div_comunity-browser" class="ds-static-div primary"> <p class="ds-paragraph">Select a community to browse its collections.</p> <ul xmlns="http://di.tamu.edu/DRI/1.0/"> <li> <div class="ds-artifact-item odd"> <span xmlns:oreatom="http://www.openarchives.org/ore/atom/" xmlns:ore="http://www.openarchives.org/ore/terms/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" class="bold"> <a href="/web/20130814033733/http://ubrisa.ub.bw/handle/10311/396">"Strategic Research Areas"</a> [21]</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="ds-artifact-item even"> <span xmlns:oreatom="http://www.openarchives.org/ore/atom/" xmlns:ore="http://www.openarchives.org/ore/terms/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" class="bold"> <a href="/web/20130814033733/http://ubrisa.ub.bw/handle/10311/372">Centres</a> [0]</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="ds-artifact-item odd"> <span xmlns:oreatom="http://www.openarchives.org/ore/atom/" xmlns:ore="http://www.openarchives.org/ore/terms/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" class="bold"> <a href="/web/20130814033733/http://ubrisa.ub.bw/handle/10311/7">Faculty of Business</a> [57]</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="ds-artifact-item even"> <span xmlns:oreatom="http://www.openarchives.org/ore/atom/" xmlns:ore="http://www.openarchives.org/ore/terms/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" class="bold"> <a href="/web/20130814033733/http://ubrisa.ub.bw/handle/10311/13">Faculty of Education</a> [158]</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="ds-artifact-item odd"> <span xmlns:oreatom="http://www.openarchives.org/ore/atom/" xmlns:ore="http://www.openarchives.org/ore/terms/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" class="bold"> <a href="/web/20130814033733/http://ubrisa.ub.bw/handle/10311/14">Faculty of Engineering and Technology</a> [118]</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="ds-artifact-item even"> <span xmlns:oreatom="http://www.openarchives.org/ore/atom/" xmlns:ore="http://www.openarchives.org/ore/terms/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" class="bold"> <a href="/web/20130814033733/http://ubrisa.ub.bw/handle/10311/18">Faculty of Health Sciences</a> [42]</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="ds-artifact-item odd"> <span xmlns:oreatom="http://www.openarchives.org/ore/atom/" xmlns:ore="http://www.openarchives.org/ore/terms/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" class="bold"> <a href="/web/20130814033733/http://ubrisa.ub.bw/handle/10311/15">Faculty of Humanities</a> [124]</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="ds-artifact-item even"> <span xmlns:oreatom="http://www.openarchives.org/ore/atom/" xmlns:ore="http://www.openarchives.org/ore/terms/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" class="bold"> <a href="/web/20130814033733/http://ubrisa.ub.bw/handle/10311/16">Faculty of Science</a> [248]</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="ds-artifact-item odd"> <span xmlns:oreatom="http://www.openarchives.org/ore/atom/" xmlns:ore="http://www.openarchives.org/ore/terms/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" class="bold"> <a href="/web/20130814033733/http://ubrisa.ub.bw/handle/10311/17">Faculty of Social Sciences</a> [75]</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="ds-artifact-item even"> <span xmlns:oreatom="http://www.openarchives.org/ore/atom/" xmlns:ore="http://www.openarchives.org/ore/terms/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" class="bold"> <a href="/web/20130814033733/http://ubrisa.ub.bw/handle/10311/22">Library Services</a> [6]</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="ds-artifact-item odd"> <span xmlns:oreatom="http://www.openarchives.org/ore/atom/" xmlns:ore="http://www.openarchives.org/ore/terms/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" class="bold"> <a href="/web/20130814033733/http://ubrisa.ub.bw/handle/10311/20">Okavango Research Institute (ORI)</a> [102]</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="ds-artifact-item even"> <span xmlns:oreatom="http://www.openarchives.org/ore/atom/" xmlns:ore="http://www.openarchives.org/ore/terms/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" class="bold"> <a href="/web/20130814033733/http://ubrisa.ub.bw/handle/10311/457">Research and Development</a> [2]</span> </div> </li> <li> <div class="ds-artifact-item odd"> <span xmlns:oreatom="http://www.openarchives.org/ore/atom/" xmlns:ore="http://www.openarchives.org/ore/terms/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" class="bold"> <a href="/web/20130814033733/http://ubrisa.ub.bw/handle/10311/909">Theses and Dissertations</a> [1]</span> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="sidebar"> <h3 class="ds-option-set-head" id="ds-search-option-head">Search DSpace</h3> <div xmlns:i18n="http://apache.org/cocoon/i18n/2.1" class="ds-option-set" id="ds-search-option"> <form method="post" id="ds-search-form" action="/web/20130814033733/http://ubrisa.ub.bw/search"> <fieldset> <input type="text" class="ds-text-field " name="query"/> <input xmlns:i18n="http://apache.org/cocoon/i18n/2.1" value="Go" type="submit" name="submit" class="ds-button-field " onclick=" var radio = document.getElementById("ds-search-form-scope-container"); if (radio != undefined && radio.checked) { var form = document.getElementById("ds-search-form"); form.action= "/handle/" + radio.value + "/search" ; } "/> <br/> </fieldset> </form> <a id="ds-search-form-advanced-search-link" href="/web/20130814033733/http://ubrisa.ub.bw/advanced-search">Advanced Search</a> </div> <h3 xmlns:i18n="http://apache.org/cocoon/i18n/2.1" xmlns:dri="http://di.tamu.edu/DRI/1.0/" class="ds-option-set-head">Browse</h3> <div xmlns="http://di.tamu.edu/DRI/1.0/" xmlns:dri="http://di.tamu.edu/DRI/1.0/" xmlns:i18n="http://apache.org/cocoon/i18n/2.1" id="aspect_artifactbrowser_Navigation_list_browse" class="ds-option-set"> <ul class="ds-options-list"> <li> <h4 class="ds-sublist-head">All of DSpace</h4> <ul xmlns="http://di.tamu.edu/DRI/1.0/" class="ds-simple-list"> <li> <a href="/web/20130814033733/http://ubrisa.ub.bw/community-list" class="">Communities & Collections</a> </li> <li xmlns="http://di.tamu.edu/DRI/1.0/"> <a href="/web/20130814033733/http://ubrisa.ub.bw/browse?type=dateissued" class="">By Issue Date</a> </li> <li xmlns="http://di.tamu.edu/DRI/1.0/"> <a href="/web/20130814033733/http://ubrisa.ub.bw/browse?type=author" class="">Authors</a> </li> <li xmlns="http://di.tamu.edu/DRI/1.0/"> <a href="/web/20130814033733/http://ubrisa.ub.bw/browse?type=title" class="">Titles</a> </li> <li xmlns="http://di.tamu.edu/DRI/1.0/"> <a href="/web/20130814033733/http://ubrisa.ub.bw/browse?type=subject" 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