CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html>    <html lang="en">  <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <title>philanthropy | commonspace</title> <link rel="pingback" href="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/xmlrpc.php" /> <link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11" /> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s1.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s2.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s0.wp.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="commonspace » Feed" href="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="commonspace » Comments Feed" href="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/comments/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="commonspace » philanthropy Category Feed" href="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/category/philanthropy/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ function addLoadEvent(func) { var oldonload = window.onload; if (typeof window.onload != 'function') { window.onload = func; } else { window.onload = function () { oldonload(); func(); } } } /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/wpcom-smileys\/twemoji\/2\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/wpcom-smileys\/twemoji\/2\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/s2.wp.com\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?m=1719498190i&ver=6.8-alpha-59438"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-0-1' href='https://s2.wp.com/_static/??-eJxtjEEOwkAIAD/kSvfQxovxLbqiUlkgAmn8vZrYW4+TzAwsVppKoAT0LMZ5J3GYMezcnn8GT4Gu12R0ILmRUGDx9lLmld/75r6D7d3qQDywfx+WF9BkMv1Vp36s02GsdRymYf4AFU02Sg==&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-2-1' href='https://s0.wp.com/_static/??-eJydzMsOwiAQheEXEibEXtKF8VmATggVgcwMNby91U13LlyenHw/vKryJQtmgZpaiJkhtGM6pHA8hLCbRU96ANdiWsGl4h8qRUeWOrD0hNozX+Bn6KsYNpRqP9z20kQFiuu/CbISc+CT3583M1/NMg6zGbc3O1tP4A==&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-block-library-inline-css'> .has-text-align-justify { text-align:justify; } .has-text-align-justify{text-align:justify;} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-4-1' href='https://s2.wp.com/_static/??-eJzTLy/QzcxLzilNSS3WzyrWz01NyUxMzUnNTc0rQeEU5CRWphbp5qSmJyZX6uVm5uklFxfr6OPTDpRD5sM02efaGpoZmFkYGRuZGmQBAHPvL0Y=&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='jetpack-sharing-buttons-style-inline-css'> .jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0;list-style-type:none;margin:5px;padding:0}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-small-icon-size{font-size:12px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-normal-icon-size{font-size:16px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-large-icon-size{font-size:24px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-huge-icon-size{font-size:36px}@media print{.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:none!important}}.editor-styles-wrapper .wp-block-jetpack-sharing-buttons{gap:0;padding-inline-start:0}ul.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-6-1' href='https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/plugins/coblocks/2.18.1-simple-rev.4/dist/coblocks-style.css?m=1681832297i&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-8-1' href='https://s1.wp.com/_static/??/wp-content/mu-plugins/core-compat/wp-mediaelement.css,/wp-content/mu-plugins/wpcom-bbpress-premium-themes.css?m=1432920480j&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--font-family--albert-sans: 'Albert Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--alegreya: Alegreya, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--arvo: Arvo, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--bodoni-moda: 'Bodoni Moda', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--bricolage-grotesque: 'Bricolage Grotesque', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--cabin: Cabin, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--chivo: Chivo, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--commissioner: Commissioner, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--cormorant: Cormorant, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--courier-prime: 'Courier Prime', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--crimson-pro: 'Crimson Pro', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--dm-mono: 'DM Mono', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--dm-sans: 'DM Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--dm-serif-display: 'DM Serif Display', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--domine: Domine, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--eb-garamond: 'EB Garamond', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--epilogue: Epilogue, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fahkwang: Fahkwang, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--figtree: Figtree, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fira-sans: 'Fira Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fjalla-one: 'Fjalla One', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fraunces: Fraunces, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--gabarito: Gabarito, system-ui;--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-mono: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-sans: 'IBM Plex Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--ibarra-real-nova: 'Ibarra Real Nova', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--instrument-serif: 'Instrument Serif', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--inter: Inter, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--josefin-sans: 'Josefin Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--jost: Jost, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--libre-baskerville: 'Libre Baskerville', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--libre-franklin: 'Libre Franklin', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--literata: Literata, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--lora: Lora, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--merriweather: Merriweather, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--montserrat: Montserrat, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--newsreader: Newsreader, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--noto-sans-mono: 'Noto Sans Mono', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--nunito: Nunito, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--open-sans: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--overpass: Overpass, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--pt-serif: 'PT Serif', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--petrona: Petrona, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--piazzolla: Piazzolla, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--playfair-display: 'Playfair Display', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--plus-jakarta-sans: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--poppins: Poppins, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--raleway: Raleway, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--roboto: Roboto, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--roboto-slab: 'Roboto Slab', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--rubik: Rubik, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--rufina: Rufina, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--sora: Sora, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--source-sans-3: 'Source Sans 3', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--source-serif-4: 'Source Serif 4', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--space-mono: 'Space Mono', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--syne: Syne, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--texturina: Texturina, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--urbanist: Urbanist, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--work-sans: 'Work Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}.has-albert-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--albert-sans) !important;}.has-alegreya-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--alegreya) !important;}.has-arvo-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--arvo) !important;}.has-bodoni-moda-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--bodoni-moda) !important;}.has-bricolage-grotesque-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--bricolage-grotesque) !important;}.has-cabin-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--cabin) !important;}.has-chivo-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--chivo) !important;}.has-commissioner-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--commissioner) !important;}.has-cormorant-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--cormorant) !important;}.has-courier-prime-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--courier-prime) !important;}.has-crimson-pro-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--crimson-pro) !important;}.has-dm-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--dm-mono) !important;}.has-dm-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--dm-sans) !important;}.has-dm-serif-display-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--dm-serif-display) !important;}.has-domine-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--domine) !important;}.has-eb-garamond-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--eb-garamond) !important;}.has-epilogue-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--epilogue) !important;}.has-fahkwang-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fahkwang) !important;}.has-figtree-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--figtree) !important;}.has-fira-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fira-sans) !important;}.has-fjalla-one-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fjalla-one) !important;}.has-fraunces-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fraunces) !important;}.has-gabarito-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--gabarito) !important;}.has-ibm-plex-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-mono) !important;}.has-ibm-plex-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-sans) !important;}.has-ibarra-real-nova-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--ibarra-real-nova) !important;}.has-instrument-serif-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--instrument-serif) !important;}.has-inter-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--inter) !important;}.has-josefin-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--josefin-sans) !important;}.has-jost-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--jost) !important;}.has-libre-baskerville-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--libre-baskerville) !important;}.has-libre-franklin-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--libre-franklin) !important;}.has-literata-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--literata) !important;}.has-lora-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--lora) !important;}.has-merriweather-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--merriweather) !important;}.has-montserrat-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--montserrat) !important;}.has-newsreader-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--newsreader) !important;}.has-noto-sans-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--noto-sans-mono) !important;}.has-nunito-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--nunito) !important;}.has-open-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--open-sans) !important;}.has-overpass-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--overpass) !important;}.has-pt-serif-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--pt-serif) !important;}.has-petrona-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--petrona) !important;}.has-piazzolla-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--piazzolla) !important;}.has-playfair-display-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--playfair-display) !important;}.has-plus-jakarta-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--plus-jakarta-sans) !important;}.has-poppins-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--poppins) !important;}.has-raleway-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--raleway) !important;}.has-roboto-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--roboto) !important;}.has-roboto-slab-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--roboto-slab) !important;}.has-rubik-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--rubik) !important;}.has-rufina-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--rufina) !important;}.has-sora-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--sora) !important;}.has-source-sans-3-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--source-sans-3) !important;}.has-source-serif-4-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--source-serif-4) !important;}.has-space-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--space-mono) !important;}.has-syne-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--syne) !important;}.has-texturina-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--texturina) !important;}.has-urbanist-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--urbanist) !important;}.has-work-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--work-sans) !important;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-10-1' href='https://s0.wp.com/_static/??-eJx9i0EKhDAMAD9kDUIX9SC+RUuslbQpJmXx9+pNL95mYAb+2ThOiklBV4wokMsMXChkBtGDsHYiFTy6WEym4kMS2HEm9hd6uKqHfk0e2RC7SQOnl5iFprDf6xiHxv56a7u2sdsJTLw83Q==&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='print-css-11-1' href='https://s1.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/global-print/global-print.css?m=1465851035i&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='print' /> <style id='jetpack-global-styles-frontend-style-inline-css'> :root { --font-headings: unset; --font-base: unset; --font-headings-default: -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; --font-base-default: -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-14-1' href='https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/themes/h4/global.css?m=1420737423i&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" id="wpcom-actionbar-placeholder-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var actionbardata = {"siteID":"336759","postID":"0","siteURL":"http:\/\/commonspace.wordpress.com","xhrURL":"https:\/\/commonspace.wordpress.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"ec3b3dda62","isLoggedIn":"","statusMessage":"","subsEmailDefault":"instantly","proxyScriptUrl":"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/wp-content\/js\/wpcom-proxy-request.js?ver=20211021","i18n":{"followedText":"New posts from this site will now appear in your <a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/read\">Reader<\/a>","foldBar":"Collapse this bar","unfoldBar":"Expand this bar"}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-mu-wpcom-settings-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var JETPACK_MU_WPCOM_SETTINGS = {"assetsUrl":"https:\/\/s1.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/jetpack-mu-wpcom-plugin\/sun\/vendor\/automattic\/jetpack-mu-wpcom\/src\/build\/"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript' src='https://s1.wp.com/wp-content/js/rlt-proxy.js?m=1720530689i'></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="rlt-proxy-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ rltInitialize( {"token":null,"iframeOrigins":["https:\/\/widgets.wp.com"]} ); /* ]]> */ </script> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress.com" />  <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:title" content="philanthropy – commonspace" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/category/philanthropy/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="commonspace" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://s0.wp.com/i/blank.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="249643311490" /> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@msurman" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@msurman" />  <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://s1.wp.com/i/favicon.ico" sizes="16x16 24x24 32x32 48x48" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://s1.wp.com/i/favicon.ico" sizes="16x16 24x24 32x32 48x48" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://s2.wp.com/i/webclip.png" /> <link rel='openid.server' href='https://commonspace.wordpress.com/?openidserver=1' /> <link rel='openid.delegate' href='https://commonspace.wordpress.com/' /> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/osd.xml" title="commonspace" /> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://s1.wp.com/opensearch.xml" title="WordPress.com" /> <style type="text/css">.recentcomments a{display:inline !important;padding:0 !important;margin:0 !important;}</style> <style type="text/css"> .recentcomments a { display: inline !important; padding: 0 !important; margin: 0 !important; } table.recentcommentsavatartop img.avatar, table.recentcommentsavatarend img.avatar { border: 0px; margin: 0; } table.recentcommentsavatartop a, table.recentcommentsavatarend a { border: 0px !important; background-color: transparent !important; } td.recentcommentsavatarend, td.recentcommentsavatartop { padding: 0px 0px 1px 0px; margin: 0px; } td.recentcommentstextend { border: none !important; padding: 0px 0px 2px 10px; } .rtl td.recentcommentstextend { padding: 0px 10px 2px 0px; } td.recentcommentstexttop { border: none; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; } .rtl td.recentcommentstexttop { padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; } </style> <meta name="application-name" content="commonspace" /><meta name="msapplication-window" content="width=device-width;height=device-height" /><meta name="msapplication-tooltip" content="things I'm learning along the way" /><meta name="description" content="Posts about philanthropy written by msurman" /> </head> <body class="archive category category-philanthropy category-195 customizer-styles-applied color-light jetpack-reblog-enabled"> <div id="wrapper"> <div id="search"> <form method="get" id="searchform" action="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/"> <div> <span class="search">Search:</span><input type="text" value="" size="15" name="s" id="s" /> <input type="submit" id="searchsubmit" value="Go" /> </div> </form> </div> <div id="main-nav"> <h1 class="masthead"><a href="https://commonspace.wordpress.com">commonspace</a></h1> <p class="description">things I'm learning along the way</p> <div class="menu-wrap"><ul class="menu"> <li class="page_item page-item-2"><a href="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/about/">Mark Surman</a></li> <li class="page_item page-item-2758"><a href="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/mozilla-learning-proposa/">Creating a web literate planet (proposal)</a></li> </ul></div> </div> <div id="content"> <div id="entry-content"> <div id="post-886" class="post-886 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-hybrid category-mozilla category-open category-openeverything category-opensource category-philanthropy category-socialinnovation"> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/2009/04/23/what-is-a-hybrid-organization/" rel="bookmark">What is a hybrid organization?</a></h2> <p class="date">April 23, 2009 <a href="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/2009/04/23/what-is-a-hybrid-organization/#comments">§ <span class="commentcount">30 Comments</span></a></p> <div class="entry"> <p>When I first met <a href="http://blog.lizardwrangler.com/" target="_blank">Mitchell</a> last year, she <a href="http://blog.lizardwrangler.com/2008/01/14/hybrid-organizations/" target="_blank">talked alot</a> about <strong>Mozilla as a hybrid organization</strong>. I didn’t know exactly what she meant. But it felt right. Personally, I’ve been mashing up mission-based orgs, products, services, philanthropy and the web for well over a decade. It’s what I love most, and something the world needs alot more of. It is also one of the most powerful forces that drew me to Mozilla.</p> <p><img data-attachment-id="887" data-permalink="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/2009/04/23/what-is-a-hybrid-organization/img_7174/" data-orig-file="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/img_7174.jpg" data-orig-size="640,287" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"4","credit":"Picasa 2.7","camera":"Canon PowerShot G9","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1240431443","copyright":"","focal_length":"7.4","iso":"200","shutter_speed":"0.016666666666667","title":""}" data-image-title="img_7174" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="<p>Hybrid Org</p> " data-medium-file="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/img_7174.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/img_7174.jpg?w=480" class="size-full wp-image-887 alignnone" title="Hybrid Org" src="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/img_7174.jpg?w=480" alt="Hybrid Org" srcset="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/img_7174.jpg?w=400&h=179 400w, https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/img_7174.jpg?w=150&h=67 150w, https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/img_7174.jpg?w=300&h=135 300w, https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/img_7174.jpg 640w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" /></p> <p>Over the last six months, I’ve found ‘hybrid org’ rolling off my tongue more and more. It’s as good a moniker as any for the organizational mashup that is Mozilla (and <a href="http://www.participatoryculture.org/" target="_blank">Miro</a>, and <a href="http://www.kiva.org/" target="_blank">Kiva</a>, and so on). But every time the hybrid term drops, it begs (or I get asked) the question: <strong>hybrid of what?</strong> I figured the time has come to push on this question a little with a series of posts about hybrid orgs and why they matter. This is the first one.</p> <p>So, what is a hybrid org? In the case of Mozilla — and an increasing number of other orgs — it’s a mix of social <strong>mission</strong>, disruptive <strong>market</strong> strategies and <strong>web</strong>-like scale and collaboration. Or, at least, that’s the definition I see emerging.</p> <p><img data-attachment-id="888" data-permalink="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/2009/04/23/what-is-a-hybrid-organization/img_7179/" data-orig-file="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/img_7179.jpg" data-orig-size="640,305" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"4","credit":"Picasa 2.7","camera":"Canon PowerShot G9","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1240431569","copyright":"","focal_length":"7.4","iso":"200","shutter_speed":"0.008","title":""}" data-image-title="img_7179" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/img_7179.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/img_7179.jpg?w=480" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-888" title="Mission comes first ..." src="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/img_7179.jpg?w=480" alt="img_7179" srcset="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/img_7179.jpg?w=400&h=190 400w, https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/img_7179.jpg?w=150&h=71 150w, https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/img_7179.jpg?w=300&h=143 300w, https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/img_7179.jpg 640w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" /></p> <p>If we take ‘social mission’ as the first element, then a hybrid organization looks alot like a traditional charity or not-for-profit. <strong>Public benefit is the core reason that these organizations exist.</strong> For Mozilla, <a href="http://www.mozilla.org/about/manifesto" target="_blank">the mission</a> is to promote and protect the open nature of the internet. This means ensuring that the internet remains a public commons where anyone can innovate, experiment or express themselves without asking for somebody else’s permission. On our increasingly digital planet, we clearly need public benefit organizations that care about such things.</p> <p><img data-attachment-id="889" data-permalink="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/2009/04/23/what-is-a-hybrid-organization/img_7186/" data-orig-file="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/img_7186.jpg" data-orig-size="640,231" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"4","credit":"Picasa 2.7","camera":"Canon PowerShot G9","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1240431742","copyright":"","focal_length":"7.4","iso":"200","shutter_speed":"0.00625","title":""}" data-image-title="… now let’s add the market …" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/img_7186.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/img_7186.jpg?w=480" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-889" title="... now let's add the market ..." src="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/img_7186.jpg?w=480" alt="... now let's add the market ..." srcset="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/img_7186.jpg?w=400&h=144 400w, https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/img_7186.jpg?w=150&h=54 150w, https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/img_7186.jpg?w=300&h=108 300w, https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/img_7186.jpg 640w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" /></p> <p>When we move on to ‘disruptive market strategies’ hybrid orgs start to look a little different. <strong>These organizations use products, services and consumer choice to promote the ideas and move the issues that they believe in</strong>. Think about this in the context of Mozilla’s mission: the internet is shaped far more by the choices of people who build and use it than by regulation or high minded ideals. By creating products that a) <a href="http://www.spreadfirefox.com/en-US/worldrecord/">many millions of internet users love</a> and b) have <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en/Web_Development">open standards</a>, <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/En/Security">security</a> and <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/En/Developing_add-ons">innovation from the edge</a> baked into their core, Mozilla leverages consumer choice to make the internet more open. With Firefox, this approach not only shifted the browser landscape from <a href="http://marketshare.hitslink.com/report.aspx?qprid=0&qpmr=15&qpdt=1&qpct=3&qpcal=1&qptimeframe=Y&qpsp=2003">near monopoly</a> into a <a href="http://marketshare.hitslink.com/report.aspx?qprid=0&qpmr=15&qpdt=1&qpct=3&qpcal=1&qptimeframe=Q&qpsp=40" target="_blank">more diverse ecosystem</a> but also helped build the foundations for an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajax_%28programming%29">era of standards-based web applications</a>. Mozilla jumped into the market with a great product not to make money, but as a way to grow and protect the internet as public commons.</p> <p>Of course, there are thousands of organizations that use the market and consumer choice to pursue their mission. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_enterprise" target="_blank">Social enterprises</a> like <a href="http://www.fifteen.net/Pages/default.aspx">Jamie Oliver’s 15</a>. Market-standards organizations like the <a href="http://www.fsc.org/">Forest Stewardship Council</a>. And, in some ways, even traditional charities like <a href="http://www.goodwill.org/page/guest/about">Goodwill</a>. All advance their cause (and sometimes to sustain themselves) through the market in one way or another.</p> <p><img data-attachment-id="890" data-permalink="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/2009/04/23/what-is-a-hybrid-organization/img_7190/" data-orig-file="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/img_7190.jpg" data-orig-size="640,480" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"4","credit":"Picasa 2.7","camera":"Canon PowerShot G9","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1240431870","copyright":"","focal_length":"7.4","iso":"200","shutter_speed":"0.00625","title":""}" data-image-title="… and the scale of the web." data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/img_7190.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/img_7190.jpg?w=480" loading="lazy" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-890" title="... and the scale of the web." src="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/img_7190.jpg?w=480" alt="... and the scale of the web." srcset="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/img_7190.jpg?w=400&h=300 400w, https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/img_7190.jpg?w=150&h=113 150w, https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/img_7190.jpg?w=300&h=225 300w, https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/img_7190.jpg 640w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" /></p> <p>The thing that makes these hybrid orgs unique is <strong>mixing mission and market with the scale and collaborative nature of the web</strong>. The culture and technology of the web make it possible to grow a global community of passionate people who can pitch in to build stuff. The things they can — and want to — build are often quite complex: <a href="http://www.mozilla.org/projects/">software that makes the web more open</a>; <a href="http://wikipedia.org">an encyclopedia that offers free access to knowledge</a>; <a href="http://www.kiva.org">a system of cheaper and better credit for the poor</a>. With the web and collaboration, they can not only build these things, but they also have the potential for impact at a scale that only governments or huge corporations could have imagined in the past. From the programmers who <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/En/Participating_in_the_Mozilla_project">contribute code</a> to the localizers who <a href="http://contribute.mozilla.org/Localization">make Firefox available in 70+ languages</a> to the thousands of people who funded the first <a href="http://weblogs.mozillazine.org/asa/archives/007103.html">Firefox ad in the New York Times</a>, Mozilla is filled with examples of web scale and collaboration.</p> <p>Does this mix of mission, market and the collaborative nature of the web really represent a new kind of organization? Some days, I wonder about this. But there is no question that there are an increasing number of organizations that combine these elements. <a href="http://www.mozilla.org">Mozilla</a>. <a href="http://www.kiva.org">Kiva</a>. <a href="http://www.participatoryculture.org/">Participatory Culture Foundation</a>. <a href="http://www.donorschoose.org/homepage/main.html?zone=0">Donors Choose</a>. <a href="http://wikipedia.org">Wikipedia</a>. All of these organizations are trying to ‘move the market’ on the web in a way that both engages and benefits a broad public. As they do so, they are charting new territory.</p> <p><img data-attachment-id="891" data-permalink="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/2009/04/23/what-is-a-hybrid-organization/img_7188/" data-orig-file="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/img_7188.jpg" data-orig-size="640,480" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"4","credit":"Picasa 2.7","camera":"Canon PowerShot G9","caption":"","created_timestamp":"1240431855","copyright":"","focal_length":"7.4","iso":"200","shutter_speed":"0.016666666666667","title":""}" data-image-title="Hybrid Org Overview" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/img_7188.jpg?w=300" data-large-file="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/img_7188.jpg?w=480" loading="lazy" class="alignnone size-full wp-image-891" title="Hybrid Org Overview" src="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/img_7188.jpg?w=480" alt="Hybrid Org Overview" srcset="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/img_7188.jpg?w=400&h=300 400w, https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/img_7188.jpg?w=150&h=113 150w, https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/img_7188.jpg?w=300&h=225 300w, https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/04/img_7188.jpg 640w" sizes="(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px" /></p> <p>Over the next couple of weeks, I want to ask a few questions about this new territory. Why do these hybrid organizations matter? What challenges do they face? And what role does optimism and the desire to create play in hybrid orgs? I’d love to get people’s comments, blogs or tweets about these questions, and will definitely be posting more myself. <strong>Hopefully, there is an interesting conversation in all of this.</strong></p> </div> </div> <div id="post-262" class="post-262 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-open category-philanthropy category-shuttleworthfoundation"> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/2008/09/19/evolving-theory-of-change/" rel="bookmark">Evolving Shuttleworth theory of change</a></h2> <p class="date">September 19, 2008 <a href="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/2008/09/19/evolving-theory-of-change/#comments">§ <span class="commentcount">1 Comment</span></a></p> <div class="entry"> <p>One of the first things that I took on in my <a href="http://www.shuttleworthfoundation.org" target="_blank">Shuttleworth</a> open philanthropy gig was to help the team develop a ‘<a href="http://www.theoryofchange.org/" target="_blank">theory of change</a>‘. The aim was two-fold: create a simple compass to guide internal decisions and develop a tool to help the rest of the world understand what we’re up to. Basically, we wanted a snapshot of how our collective brain works as a team.</p> <p>Well, that was 18 months ago. We’ve had at least two all staffs, a dozen small group chats and countless online conversations since. And we’ve produced many iterations, at least one of which I have <a href="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/2008/02/28/open-philanthropy-and-a-theory-of-change/" target="_blank">blogged about here</a>. Not surprising. That’s how strategic planning-y things often go, especially when they are intentionally open ended like this one.</p> <p>What is surprising was how useful all of this conversation has been in aligning our everyday thinking. Words that we didn’t have before — words we invented for the theory of change — have become a part of everyday thinking and decision making in the office. And, things we’ve believed in for a long time, like transparency and open licensing, have actually become a more real part of our work. Which, in the end, was probably the point.</p> <p>As I <a href="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/2008/08/18/moving-to-mozilla/" target="_blank">leave the Foundation</a> (last day 😦 today), I promised to do one more iteration based on recent conversations. It looks like this [<a href="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/theory-of-change-diagram-sept-08.png" target="_blank">big version</a>] …</p> <p><a href="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/theory-of-change-diagram-sept-08.png"><img data-attachment-id="264" data-permalink="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/2008/09/19/evolving-theory-of-change/theory-of-change-diagram-sept-08/" data-orig-file="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/theory-of-change-diagram-sept-08.png" data-orig-size="1123,794" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":""}" data-image-title="Shuttleworth Foundation Theory of Change" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/theory-of-change-diagram-sept-08.png?w=300" data-large-file="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/theory-of-change-diagram-sept-08.png?w=480" loading="lazy" class="alignnone size-large wp-image-264" title="Shuttleworth Foundation Theory of Change" src="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/theory-of-change-diagram-sept-08.png?w=480&h=339" alt="" srcset="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/theory-of-change-diagram-sept-08.png?w=510 510w, https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/theory-of-change-diagram-sept-08.png?w=1018 1018w, https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/theory-of-change-diagram-sept-08.png?w=150 150w, https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/theory-of-change-diagram-sept-08.png?w=300 300w, https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/theory-of-change-diagram-sept-08.png?w=768 768w" sizes="(max-width: 510px) 100vw, 510px" /></a></p> <p>The aim was to simplify as much as possible, just showing the essence. Also, there are lots of changes to some of the core language we are using.</p> <p>Also, I agreed to write up a series of notes describing each element on the theory of change with a little more detail. I’ve done this as a (pretty ugly) slide deck …</p> <iframe src='https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/embed_code/607758' width='425' height='348' sandbox="allow-popups allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-presentation" allowfullscreen webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen></iframe> <p>In the near future, our designer Eugene Badenhorst will soon take a shot at making the above diagram real pretty and then doing a small booklet based on the slides.</p> <p>In the meantime, I highly encourage you to start adding thoughts into the mix, especially if you work closely with the Shuttleworth Foundation. Are we on the right track? If we aren’t, what’s missing? If we are, how close is our theory to our practice? Where do we need to work harder? Where are we full of it?</p> <p>The idea is that this snapshot of our collective brain will continue to evolve, even after the pretty design. Getting feedback — good and bad — from people who work with us is a critical part of this. Leave comments here, or send mail to Steve Song (the new lead on this), Helen and I.</p> </div> </div> <div id="post-6" class="post-6 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-open category-philanthropy category-shuttleworthfoundation"> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/2008/08/20/how-we-work-remix-notes-from-a-small-foundation/" rel="bookmark">How We Work Remix</a></h2> <p class="date">August 20, 2008 <span>Comments Off<span class="screen-reader-text"> on How We Work Remix</span></span></p> <div class="entry"> <p>If you’ve been following this blog, you’ll know that one of my <a href="http://www.shuttleworthfoundation.org" target="_blank">Shuttleworth</a> <a href="http://commonspace.typepad.com/commonspace/philanthropy/" target="_blank">open philanthropy</a> experiments was the ‘<a href="http://www.shuttleworthfoundation.org/about-us/our-philosophy/how-we-work" target="_blank">How We Work</a>‘ club. This is basically a quarterly pizza lunch where the whole organization reflects on an important aspect of how we function as a foundation (e.g. making sure everything is under an open license). The conversations focus on what’s working, what’s not and how things could be better. I then write up a blog posting and an article so that the rest of the world can learn from the discussion.</p> <p><a href="http://commonspace.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341d7eb453ef00e553f59ae48833-popup"><img class="at-xid-6a00d8341d7eb453ef00e553f59ae48833" src="http://commonspace.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341d7eb453ef00e553f59ae48833-500wi" alt="Img_6773" /></a></p> <p>This week’s pie noshing chat focused on a highly recursive topic: how is the How We Work club working? Somewhat surprisingly to me, the answer was a unanimous ‘it’s working well’ … or, at least, ‘it’s quite useful’.</p> <p>The first thing that people seem to appreciate is checking our rhetoric against reality. Our <a href="http://www.shuttleworthfoundation.org/about-us/our-philosophy/how-we-work/open-licensing" target="_blank">discussions on open licensing</a> are a case in point. We’d been saying ‘we’re doing a better job on open licensing’ for while. Sitting down to talk about it underlined the fact that we actually hadn’t finished or published our new <a href="http://www.shuttleworthfoundation.org/about-us/our-philosophy/open-resources-policy" target="_blank">Open Resources Policy</a>. And, putting a deadline on writing up an <a href="http://www.shuttleworthfoundation.org/about-us/our-philosophy/how-we-work/open-licensing">article</a> forced us to actually get the policy done (or, at least, for me to harangue <a href="http://www.shuttleworthfoundation.org/about-us/team/karen-gabriels" target="_blank">Karen</a> and <a href="http://www.shuttleworthfoundation.org/about-us/team/andrew-rens" target="_blank">Andrew</a> constantly :)). The result was that we actually delivered what we said we’d been doing: offering a clear open licensing policy that the world could see and our partners could review.</p> <p>Talking through the open licensing policy also surfaced the fact that we didn’t have consensus on which licenses to promote (share-alike) and who should own intellectual property (external partners or the foundation). An hour of forceful conversation went a long way to showing where the differences were, and helping us construct some common ground. As a result, we ended up with clearer language on license flexibility (share alike is the default, but arguments can be made for slightly more or less open licenses). Also, we created room for different options around IP stewardship (the draft policy had the foundation owning everything). These were important changes that both improved the policy and made sure we had a document that was more widely supported by the team.</p> <p>The other thing that people appreciate is the opportunity to think through ‘how we work now’ against the backdrop of mistakes we’ve made in the past. Strategy at the Shuttleworth Foundation definitely has a heavy dose of emergence. Which is a nice way to say: we’re willing to make mistakes and then hack things to make them better response. The licensing policy emerged at least in part from problems with our laissez faire ‘just use an open license’ approach. Similarly, the <a href="http://commonspace.typepad.com/commonspace/2008/06/agile-philanthropy-how-our-fellowships-work.html" target="_blank">fellowship program</a> grew from frustration with having to invent a ‘project’ to fund for every smart person we wanted to work with. Looking back at the things that shaped current practices has helped us all get on the page about ‘why we are who we are’. Hopefully, it will also result in useful lessons for other small foundations.</p> <p><a href="http://commonspace.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341d7eb453ef00e55411352e8834-popup"><img class="at-xid-6a00d8341d7eb453ef00e55411352e8834" src="http://commonspace.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341d7eb453ef00e55411352e8834-500wi" alt="Img_6783" /></a></p> <p>Of course, there are some things that are broken about the How We Work process. For example, all of the writing sits with one person (me). Different people have different expertise and passions. It’s likely we’d get better material if the person who cares most about a topic were to write it up. Also, there is a fair bit of brokenness in our follow up and promotion process. We did nothing to get the Open Resources Policy article out there other than putting it up on our site. We need to flog stuff like this more widely.</p> <p>Despite the fact that I’m <a href="http://commonspace.typepad.com/commonspace/2008/08/moving-to-mozilla.html" target="_blank">heading off</a> into the open philanthropy sunset, the How We Work club will continue, albeit under a new name: <em>Notes From a Small Foundation</em>. There is a general feeling that this is more about ‘what we’re learning’ than simply ‘how we work’. The new name reflects that. <a href="http://www.shuttleworthfoundation.org/about-us/team/karien-bezuidenhout" target="_blank">Karien</a> will be leading the charge on this new version, with different people facilitating and writing up a session every couple of months. Upcoming topics include ‘IRC, wikis and internal communications’ (<a href="http://www.shuttleworthfoundation.org/about-us/team/steve-song" target="_blank">Steve S</a>) and ‘project exit strategies’ (<a href="http://www.shuttleworthfoundation.org/about-us/team/steve-song" target="_blank">Helen</a>). It’ll be fun (and a bit sad) to watch this next chapter unfold from afar.</p> </div> </div> <div id="post-20" class="post-20 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-open category-philanthropy category-shuttleworthfoundation"> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/2008/06/26/shuttleworth-open-licensing-policy-now-online/" rel="bookmark">Shuttleworth open licensing policy now online</a></h2> <p class="date">June 26, 2008 <span>Comments Off<span class="screen-reader-text"> on Shuttleworth open licensing policy now online</span></span></p> <div class="entry"> <p>A few months back, I <a href="http://commonspace.typepad.com/commonspace/2008/03/open-licensing.html" target="_blank">posted a draft</a> <a href="http://www.shuttleworthfoundation.org/about-us/our-philosophy/how-we-work" target="_blank">How We Work</a> article on the <a href="http://www.shuttleworthfoundation.org" target="_blank">Shuttleworth Foundation</a>‘s open licensing strategy. The basic idea is that we want everything we do and fund to be under an open license. As my article says, this hasn’t always worked as we haven’t had a clear policy on the matter. Good news: now we do.</p> <p><a href="http://www.shuttleworthfoundation.org/about-us/team/andrew-rens" target="_blank">Andrew Rens</a> and <a href="http://www.shuttleworthfoundation.org/about-us/team/karen-gabriels" target="_blank">Karen Gabriels</a> have polished off our <a href="http://www.shuttleworthfoundation.org/about-us/our-philosophy/open-resources-policy" target="_blank">Open Resources Statement of Principle</a>. It says things like:</p> <blockquote> <p>All Agreements entered into by the Foundation which include the<br /> creation of resources shall ensure that the resources are open<br /> resources, and shall record how the Intellectual Property in the<br /> resources is owned and licensed. </p> </blockquote> <p>and</p> <blockquote> <p>Resources are open resources when they are available for revision,<br /> translation, improvement and sharing under open licences, open<br /> standards and in open formats, free of technical protection measures. </p> </blockquote> <p>This will now flow into an update of our standard grant and consulting contracts, and generally guide us as we go forward. Great work, Andrew and Karen!</p> <p>With the release of this policy, we’ve also finalized and polished my article on the topic of open licensing. It’s up on the Foundation site in both <a href="http://www.shuttleworthfoundation.org/about-us/our-philosophy/how-we-work/open-licensing" target="_blank">HTML</a> and <a href="http://gravelbox.shuttleworthfoundation.org/sites/shuttleworthfoundation.org/files/HWW_May08.pdf" target="_blank">PDF</a>.</p> </div> </div> <div id="post-21" class="post-21 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-open category-philanthropy category-shuttleworthfoundation"> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/2008/06/23/agile-philanthropy-how-our-fellowships-work/" rel="bookmark">Agile philanthropy: how our fellowships work</a></h2> <p class="date">June 23, 2008 <span>Comments Off<span class="screen-reader-text"> on Agile philanthropy: how our fellowships work</span></span></p> <div class="entry"> <p>Last month, we sat down to have another <a href="http://www.shuttleworthfoundation.org/about-us/our-philosophy/how-we-work">How We Work</a> conversation at <a href="http://www.shuttleworthfoundation.org" target="_blank">Shuttleworth Foundation</a>. Under the microscope this time: our Fellowships Program. We’re all pretty happy with this program. So, the aim was to reflect on why it seems to be working … and to find ways to tweak and improve it. </p> <p>The fellowships idea has a simple genesis: the desire to work with people on the front edge of issues like <a href="http://www.shuttleworthfoundation.org/our-work/open-and-collaborative-resources">open education</a>, <a href="http://www.shuttleworthfoundation.org/our-work/intellectual-property-rights" target="_blank">knowledge</a> and <a href="http://www.shuttleworthfoundation.org/our-work/telecommunications" target="_blank">telecom</a> in a way that is at once agile and high impact. Projects and grants sometimes work for this. However, they just as often create a situation where the Foundation is talking to the right people (smart, connected and engaged on the issues that matter to us) in the wrong way (long project negotiations trying to fit round pegs into square holes). The fellowships emerged about 18 months ago so we have a way to make bets not just on projects but also on people.  </p> <p>We currently have four fellows. <a href="http://www.shuttleworthfoundation.org/about-us/team/andrew-rens" target="_blank">Andrew Rens</a> working on access to knowledge and intellectual property. <a href="http://www.shuttleworthfoundation.org/about-us/team/steve-song" target="_blank">Steve Song</a> on open telecom. <a href="http://www.shuttleworthfoundation.org/about-us/team/steve-vosloo" target="_blank">Steve Vosloo</a> on communications and analysis (aka ‘how education needs to work differently in the 21st century’). And <a href="http://www.shuttleworthfoundation.org/about-us/team/mark-surman" target="_blank">myself</a> with the dual hat of open philanthropy and open education. With the exception of myself, all the fellows work in our Cape Town office alongside the people who manage our grant making and in-house projects. </p> <p>When <a href="http://www.shuttleworthfoundation.org/about-us/team/helen-king" target="_blank">Helen</a>, <a href="http://www.shuttleworthfoundation.org/about-us/team/jason-hudson" target="_blank">Jason</a> and the four of us fellows reflected on the program last month, some of the things we said were …</p> <p><strong>1. The ‘make bets on smart people’ works for us. </strong></p> <p>The fellowships are based on the ‘make bets on smart people and let them run’ model. This approach has bought the Foundation two things: agility (we can move quickly on ideas and issues) and intellectual momentum (I can’t think of a better term … but basically we are moving as a group on the issues that matter to us). Also, we’ve created a <a href="http://commonspace.typepad.com/commonspace/2008/05/building-a-hothouse.html" target="_blank">brainstormy hothouse</a> in the office, with ideas bouncing about constantly. This not only has the fellows fueling each other but also feeds projects like <a href="http://marknewlyn.net/node/10" target="_blank">Siyavula</a> and <a href="http://www.kusasa.org/" target="_blank">Kusasa</a> and the organization as a whole. </p> <p><strong>2. We’re starting to get traction on issues that matter …</strong></p> <p>While it’s still early days, we’re starting to get traction on specific work led by the fellows. Steve Song has gathered people around the beautifully disruptive idea of the <a href="http://wiki.villagetelco.org/index.php/Main_Page" target="_blank">village telco</a>. Andrew has helped South Africa drive the openness agenda in the <a href="http://www.tectonic.co.za/?p=2444" target="_blank">OOXML / ISO discussions</a>. Steve Vosloo is helping to shape the conversation on <a href="http://ukubuza.blogspot.com/search/label/mother-tongue%20education" target="_blank">mother tongue instruction</a>, which is a critical issue in the future of South African education. I helped a group of <a href="http://www.capetowndeclaration.org/list_signatures?author=1&indorg=ind" target="_blank">open education pioneers</a> birth the <a href="http://www.capetowndeclaration.org/" target="_blank">Cape Town Declaration</a>. These are small scale results, for sure. But are concrete and, more importantly, they represent the kind of things we want to see happening in the world.  </p> <p><strong>3. … but follow through is sometimes tough. </strong></p> <p>On the flip side, we haven’t always had perfect follow through on this early traction. If I just look at the Cape Town Declaration, we could have done more to quickly seize the momentum we built with the Declaration launch in January. This could have been fixed in part by me blogging, engaging and pushing more post launch. The fellowships are all about this kind of ‘just roll up your sleeves’ action. However, our not perfect Cape Town follow through is also related to the fact that we’ve tried to organize some of our next step activities using grants (watch soon for Open Education News) … which is a slower way to get things rolling. We need to think about how we elegantly combine grants and fellowship energy in the future. We have an opportunity to move further faster combining these things, but we aren’t there yet. </p> <p><strong>4. Getting the word out is even tougher.</strong></p> <p>We’ve also had a tough time sharing and communicating the ideas emerging from the fellows. All of the fellows are blogging, <a href="http://www.thoughtleader.co.za/stevevosloo" target="_blank">some in high profile places</a>. This is good. There is a <a href="http://www.shuttleworthfoundation.org/media-centre/blogs" target="_blank">blog aggregator</a>. Which is also helpful, although it’s not clear who follows it. What’s needed now is a better web site that pushes people to this material more aggressively. MOre importantly, we need a better strategy for getting people engaged: more thoughtful links between our e-mail newsletter and our most compelling posts; blogging about other people’s work, especially the Foundation’s partners; getting other bloggers to link to what we’re writing. Small, simple stuff. We need to do it. </p> <p><strong>5. Paper, podiums and parties are great … but needs discipline. </strong></p> <p>The tongue-in-cheek mandate for the fellows program is ‘papers, podiums and parties’. Papers = writing and blogging to push thought leadership. Podiums = speaking and evangelizing. Parties = running events and building networks. Tongue-in-cheek or not, this trio actually serves well as a way to check whether we’re working on the right things. A quick reflection at the meeting showed that most of us are doing well in one or two areas, but not necessarily in all. Eg. Steve Vosloo’s work on mother tongue has a great paper and he’s spoken on podiums … but we need to follow through with some sort of symposium on the topic (a party). We need to be a bit more disciplined about tracking what we are doing in these areas and filling in the gaps.</p> <p>The bullets above are a gut reflection on the meeting MP3 and my notes, which I just went over last week. I will write a more formal How We Work article on fellowships sometime in July. If you have questions or would like me to dig deeper on any particular points, please post comments here. </p> </div> </div> <div id="post-26" class="post-26 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-open category-philanthropy category-shuttleworthfoundation category-socialinnovation"> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/2008/05/26/practising-my-open-philanthropy-rap/" rel="bookmark">Practising my open philanthropy rap</a></h2> <p class="date">May 26, 2008 <span>Comments Off<span class="screen-reader-text"> on Practising my open philanthropy rap</span></span></p> <div class="entry"> <p>During my recent trip to Cape Town, the <a href="http://www.shuttleworthfoundation.org">Foundation</a> held a 'messaging meeting'. This is basically a communications group therapy session. Everyone has two or three minutes to deliver a pitch on their work and projects. After watching a video playback of each pitch, the group offers constructive criticism. </p> <p>If you want to hear my current <a href="http://commonspace.typepad.com/commonspace/2008/02/open-philanthro.html">open philanthropy</a> rap (or just want to see me make a fool of myself) take a look at this video from the meeting: </p> <p>The 'get better at your pitch' benefits of this exercise are obvious … and doing a session like this every few months is worthwhile for this reason alone. </p> <p>However, there was a bigger and somewhat surprising benefit: team building. People learned about each other's projects in a way that they would never have time for during the normally flurry of a workday. They also had a chance to provide informal, rapid-fire input on both the positioning and substance of the work we are doing as a Foundation. And, fueled by the nervous gawkiness of any public speaking rehearsal, all of this was rolled up inside a good dose of humour and love. It was quite amazing. I hope I get to do it again.</p> </div> </div> <div id="post-27" class="post-27 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-open category-philanthropy category-shuttleworthfoundation"> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/2008/05/24/building-a-hothouse/" rel="bookmark">Building a hothouse</a></h2> <p class="date">May 24, 2008 <span>Comments Off<span class="screen-reader-text"> on Building a hothouse</span></span></p> <div class="entry"> <p style="margin-bottom:0;">Last week, I had a rare 45 mins with<br /> <a href="http://www.markshuttleworth.com/">Mark Shuttleworth</a>. He asked: what do you think the <a href="http://www.shuttleworthfoundation.org">Foundation</a> has<br /> achieved in the last year? I answered that it had 'stabilized and<br /> grown strong'. Which is true. After a few rocky years, the Foundation<br /> is now in a position to actually pursue big ideas like <a href="http://marknewlyn.net/node/10">free textbooks</a><br /> and <a href="http://www.kusasa.org/">learning analytical skills p2p-style</a> in a serious way. Yet, I<br /> knew my answer wasn't quite right. The Foundation hasn't just stabilized, its, well, this sounds silly, but … </p> <p style="margin-bottom:0;"><a href="http://commonspace.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341d7eb453ef00e5527af31a8833-popup"><img alt="IMG_6362" class="at-xid-6a00d8341d7eb453ef00e5527af31a8833 " src="http://commonspace.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341d7eb453ef00e5527af31a8833-500pi" /></a><br /> </p> <p style="margin-bottom:0;">… it's turned into a <strong>hothouse</strong> of<br /> ideas, invention and activism. The hothouse image came up as we were<br /> brainstorming new metaphors for the <a href="http://www.shuttleworthfoundation.org/about-us/our-philosophy/theory-change">theory of change</a>. At first, I<br /> wrote this one off. But, reflecting on two weeks at the Foundation's<br /> Cape Town office, the hothouse image has stuck with me. It feels like<br /> that is exactly what we have built.</p> <p style="margin-bottom:0;">Amidst the clatter of the open plan<br /> office, sparky ideas constantly bounce off the walls. Over the course<br /> of just a few hours the other day: <a href="http://aliquidnovi.org">Andrew</a> and <a href="http://www.kusasa.org/blog/blog.html">Sam</a> were debating the<br /> merits (or lack thereof) of the <a href="http://tech.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=08/05/15/2320243&from=rss">OLPC / Microsoft deal</a>. <a href="http://innovatingeducation.wordpress.com/">Steve(2)</a> and I<br /> were comparing South Africa's <a href="http://innovatingeducation.wordpress.com/category/mother-tongue-education/">mother tongue education</a> policies with<br /> the last 30 years of French immersion in Canada; and all of us were<br /> trying to figure out why the <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sv5iEK-IEzw">Lego mashup</a> of <a href="http://http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hp69rg6Hdlo">Eddie Izzard</a>'s <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sv5iEK-IEzw">Death Star<br /> Canteen</a> is so good (which is actually very important if the projects<br /> you're building hinge on contribution and creativity). The Foundation<br /> has truly become fertile ground for the exchange and evolution of<br /> ideas.</p> <p style="margin-bottom:0;">Of course, fertilizer on its own is<br /> just crap. Thankfully, the Foundation also has some promising seeds<br /> in the ground. <a href="http://marknewlyn.net/blog/1">Mark</a>'s <a href="http://marknewlyn.net/node/10">Siyavula</a> free textbook project has not borne<br /> fruit yet, but it's definitely taken root. He is now grappling with<br /> concrete issues like setting up an <a href="http://www.cnx.org">online repository</a>, putting 1000s<br /> pages of existing content online and recruiting community leaders and<br /> volunteers to make this content better. Sam is at a similar spot with<br /> <a href="http://www.kusasa.org">Kusasa</a>, working through the practicalities of testing grade four<br /> peer-to-peer learning content in seven schools. And, new seeds like<br /> <a href="http://manypossibilities.net/">Steve(1)</a>'s <a href="http://manypossibilities.net/2008/04/village-telco-next-steps/">Village Telco</a> are also going into the ground. Much is<br /> growing, and it is real.</p> <p style="margin-bottom:0;">What's most hot-house-y – and what<br /> you really only feel in the office – is the the ideas and the<br /> action really feeding each other. The fellows don't just write<br /> papers. The people running concrete projects don't just project<br /> manage. They dance together. Just think: Mark (creating free<br /> textbooks) is sitting across the room from Andrew (the intellectual<br /> property fellow) as he works on a competition bureau complaint<br /> related to educational publishing. The natural thing that happens is<br /> that they help each other. This is what is going on all the time, in<br /> subtle but quite powerful ways.</p> <p style="margin-bottom:0;">The bad news: you can't really see this<br /> from outside, which is not very hot-house-y. Fixing this is critical.<br /> We want people to take inspiration from (or take issue with) what we<br /> are doing. We also want them to contribute to (or simply rip off)<br /> what we are doing, even before our work has fully borne fruit. This<br /> won't happen until people can pick up and even join into the office<br /> vibe from outside. As a simple first step, we've agreed to <a href="http://www.shuttleworthfoundation.org/media-centre/blogs">compile<br /> all the existing Foundation blogs</a> as the main feature on the front<br /> page a of our site. Much more is in the works.</p> <p style="margin-bottom:0;">Next time someone asks me what we've<br /> done in the last year, I'll have a better answer: we've built a<br /> hothouse. A very good one. True, it's only produced a few tiny<br /> victories so far (the <a href="http://www.capetowndeclaration.org/list_signatures?ind=org&sort_on=submissiondate&sort_order=desc">Cape Town Declaration</a> and <a href="http://aliquidnovi.org/?p=42">South Africa's vote against OOXML</a> at the ISO). But, after a week in Cape Town, I am quite hopeful<br /> that it's about to produce a great deal more.</p> <p style="margin-bottom:0;">PS. While I love the hothouse metaphor, I am still not completely convinced we should use it for the updated theory of change. Comments on this highly encouraged.</p> </div> </div> <div id="post-32" class="post-32 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-open category-philanthropy category-shuttleworthfoundation category-socialinnovation"> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/2008/04/16/philanthropy-on-the-commons/" rel="bookmark">Philanthropy on the commons</a></h2> <p class="date">April 16, 2008 <a href="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/2008/04/16/philanthropy-on-the-commons/#comments">§ <span class="commentcount">3 Comments</span></a></p> <div class="entry"> <p>I spent the weekend mulling over <a class="external" title="http://www.futurepositive.org/" href="http://www.futurepositive.org/">Mike Edwards</a>‘ essay <a class="external" title="http://www.opendemocracy.net/article/globalisation/visions_reflections/philanthrocapitalism_after_the_goldrush" href="http://www.opendemocracy.net/article/globalisation/visions_reflections/philanthrocapitalism_after_the_goldrush">Philanthrocapitalism: After the gold rush</a>. The basic argument is this: there is a movement afoot to harness the power of business for social change. This includes newly-minted foundations like Gates, corporate social responsibility programs and social entrepreneurs. These philanthrocapitalists are undermining the independence and social mission of civil society. As a result, we are missing out on real social transformation, and maybe even risking our democracy.</p> <p>From where I sit, much of what Edwards says seems wrong or misdirected, mixing apples with oranges with assumptions. Which is why I was so surprised to see him briefly trumpeting one of my<br /> favourite ideas: “… new business models built around the commons, such as open source software.” Edwards suggests that these new models have the potential to deliver deep changes to both our society and our economy. I agree. In fact, I would argue that they already have.</p> <p><strong>The power of peers</strong></p> <p>Just think about <a class="external" title="http://www.wikipedia.org/" href="http://www.wikipedia.org/">Wikipedia</a> for a second. In less than 10 years, Wikipedia has completely overturned the intellectual and economic power structure of the publishing industry (or, at least, the parts dealing with reference materials). What’s more, it has dramatically increased the number of languages that have their own encyclopedias (<a class="external" title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:SiteMatrix" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:SiteMatrix">over 250</a>), the number of topics covered (<a class="external" title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:About">2.3 million in English alone</a>) and the speed with which new topics get covered (there is even a little <a class="external" title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philanthrocapitalism" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philanthrocapitalism">article on philanthrocapitalism</a>). Like it or not, Wikipedia is unquestionably an incredible achievement.</p> <p>Many would also argue that Wikipedia is a major public good, on the order of an education or library system. That’s certainly what Jimmy Wales and others had in mind when the coined the Wikimedia Foundation’s <a class="external" title="http://wikimediafoundation.org/" href="http://wikimediafoundation.org/">vision statement</a>: “Imagine a world in which every single human being can freely share in<br /> the sum of all knowledge. That’s our commitment.” The people behind Wikipedia were definitely thinking about what Edwards calls ‘real social transformation’ right from day one.</p> <p>Of course, the most interesting thing about Wikipedia is not Wikipedia itself, but the method used to create and maintain it. Tens of thousands of volunteers around the world contribute and edit content on topics they are passionate about. When you add up all of these small bits of labour, you have what it takes to create the world’s most comprehensive<br /> encyclopedia.</p> <p>It’s this kind peer production that Edwards is talking about when he speaks of ‘the commons’. And, as <a class="external" title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yochai_Benkler" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yochai_Benkler">Yochai Benkler</a> eloquently argues in <a class="external" title="http://www.benkler.org/wealth_of_networks/index.php/Main_Page" href="http://www.benkler.org/wealth_of_networks/index.php/Main_Page">The Wealth of Networks</a>,<br /> this model is not limited to Wikipedia: it is a part of a new and<br /> growing wave of non-market peer production that is creating tremendous<br /> public assets. <a class="external" title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux">Linux</a>. <a class="external" title="http://www.mozilla.org/" href="http://www.mozilla.org/">Mozilla Firefox</a>. <a class="external" title="http://www.plos.org/" href="http://www.plos.org/">The Public Library of Science</a>. <a class="external" title="http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/web/home/home/index.htm" href="http://ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/web/home/home/index.htm">MIT’s OpenCourseWare</a>. The <a class="external" title="http://www.flickr.com/creativecommons/" href="http://www.flickr.com/creativecommons/">60 million Creative Commons-licensed photos</a><br /> on Flickr. We create and hold these things in common. And, as we hold<br /> them, our economies, our societies and our democracies are<br /> transforming.</p> <p><strong>The yin yang dance</strong></p> <p>The funny thing is,<br /> Edwards seems to think that the commons and business are at odds. “The<br /> problem is that these approaches are absent from the philanthrocapitalist menu,” he says. The facts say otherwise. Who are<br /> the <a class="external" title="http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Benefactors" href="http://wikimediafoundation.org/wiki/Benefactors">top funders of of Wikipedia</a>? Sun Microsystems co-founder <a class="external" title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinod_Khosla" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinod_Khosla">Vinod Khosla</a> and Richard Branson’s <a class="external" title="http://www.virginunite.com/" href="http://www.virginunite.com/">Virgin Unite</a>. <a class="external" title="http://support.creativecommons.org/supporters" href="http://support.creativecommons.org/supporters">Who funds the Creative Commons</a>?<br /> Sun, Microsoft, Cisco, IBM, Yahoo, Facebook as well as a number of<br /> foundations created with newly minted high tech wealth. The commons is<br /> clearly on the philanthrocapitalist menu.</p> <p>More importantly:<br /> collaborative, non-market peer production was born from a world that<br /> lives on the fuzzy edge between public and private benefit. In his 1999<br /> essay, <a class="external" title="http://catb.org/~esr/writings/magic-cauldron/magic-cauldron.html" href="http://catb.org/%7Eesr/writings/magic-cauldron/magic-cauldron.html">the Magic Cauldron</a>, <a class="external" title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_S._Raymond" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_S._Raymond">Eric Raymond</a><br /> offered a taxonomy of open source business models that still left the<br /> code in the commons: cost-sharing; giving away things that have use<br /> value but no sale value; selling technical support or services. His<br /> point was this: business and the commons are not only compatible but,<br /> in many cases, actually interdependent.</p> <p>In the almost 10 years<br /> since the Magic Cauldron, we’ve seen real world success by open source<br /> projects mixing public and private benefit. Committed to <a class="external" title="http://www.benetech.org/literacy/bookshare.shtml" href="http://www.benetech.org/literacy/bookshare.shtml">bringing books to the blind</a>, entrepreneur <a class="external" title="http://benetech.blogspot.com/" href="http://benetech.blogspot.com/">Jim Fruchterman</a> generates revenue from online services while staying staunchly not-for-profit. Once a single foundation, Mozilla is now a <a class="external" title="http://www.mozilla.org/foundation/" href="http://www.mozilla.org/foundation/">foundation</a> and <a class="external" title="http://www.mozilla.com/en-US/about/" href="http://www.mozilla.com/en-US/about/">two companies</a><br /> as a way to consciously play across the private / public benefit divide.<br /> And, intent on transforming the economics of software with an always<br /> free, easy to use version of Linux, <a class="external" title="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Shuttleworth" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Shuttleworth">Mark Shuttleworth</a> set up not a charity but a <a class="external" title="http://www.canonical.com/" href="http://www.canonical.com/"><span class="internal">business</span></a>.<br /> In stark contrast to Edwards, these folks do not see public and private<br /> benefit in a zero sum pitched battle: they see a yin yang dance. There<br /> may be times of conflict, but it is a conflict of interdependence and,<br /> ultimately, mutual benefit.</p> <p><strong>Open sourcing philanthropy </strong></p> <p>At<br /> the end of his essay, Edwards asks what he calls the $55 trillion<br /> question: how will we use the vast amount of new philanthropic<br /> resources that will be created in the next 50 years? My instincts tell<br /> me that Wikipedia, open source and peer production may hold part of the<br /> answer. The world of the commons has used openness, participation and<br /> community to create real and (hopefully) lasting public goods. Why not<br /> apply these same principles to improving <a class="external" title="http://www.cnx.org/" href="http://www.cnx.org/">education</a>, creating <a class="external" title="http://openarchitecturenetwork.org/" href="http://openarchitecturenetwork.org/">low cost housing</a> or evolving our <a class="external" title="http://wiki.policeact.govt.nz/" href="http://wiki.policeact.govt.nz/">democracy</a>?</p> <p>Of<br /> course, using open source principles to address a wide variety of<br /> social needs would require a new kind of foundation. In fact, it would<br /> require a whole wave of foundations built from the ground up around the<br /> values of openness, transparency and participation, and sitting happily on the fuzzy<br /> edges between public and private benefit. It would require us to <a class="external" title="http://commonspace.typepad.com/commonspace/2008/02/open-philanthro.html" href="http://commonspace.typepad.com/commonspace/2008/02/open-philanthro.html">open source philanthropy</a>. Possible? I think so. And, who knows, maybe some of the so-called philanthrocapitalists might even be willing to help.</p> <p>—</p> <p><span style="font-style:italic;">An <a href="http://www.opendemocracy.net/article/globalisation/philanthropy_on_the_commons">edited version of this post</a> is part of a </span><a class="external" title="http://www.opendemocracy.net/taxonomy/term/3771/0" href="http://www.opendemocracy.net/taxonomy/term/3771/0">debate about philanthrocapitalism</a><span style="font-style:italic;"> taking place on </span><a class="external" title="http://www.opendemocracy.net/" href="http://www.opendemocracy.net/">OpenDemocracy.net</a><span style="font-style:italic;">. It’s also <a href="http://news.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=08/04/20/1313223">highlighted on Slashdot</a>.</span><span style="font-style:italic;"><br /> </span></p> </div> </div> <div id="post-35" class="post-35 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-open category-philanthropy category-shuttleworthfoundation"> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/2008/03/31/open-licensing-and-how-we-work/" rel="bookmark">Open licensing, and how we work</a></h2> <p class="date">March 31, 2008 <span>Comments Off<span class="screen-reader-text"> on Open licensing, and how we work</span></span></p> <div class="entry"> <p>As I <a href="http://commonspace.typepad.com/commonspace/2008/01/shuttleworth-fo.html">blogged previously</a>, I’m doing a series of short pieces that look under the hood at the day to day work of the Shuttleworth Foundation. As the opening blurb to <a href="http://docs.google.com/Doc?id=dfpvr6w7_20ds4xt2g2">my first article</a> says:</p> <blockquote><p>How We Work is a series of occasional articles that take a critical look at one aspect of our open philanthropy practice. Our aim is to reflect and improve upon our efforts while also sharing what we’ve learned with others.</p></blockquote> <p>The first target (or ‘victim’?) of this process was the Foundation’s open licensing policy. The whole team met back in January to reflect on our policy, talk about what is working and what isn’t and to dream up ideas for how to do it all better. I’ve just finished a <a href="http://docs.google.com/Doc?id=dfpvr6w7_20ds4xt2g2">draft write up</a> from this conversation, with the main points summarized in the introduction:</p> <blockquote><p>The Shuttleworth Foundation believes in open innovation. It is core to the society we want to build. Early on, we made a decision that what we do and fund should be under an open license. Our goal was to make it easy for people to use, adapt and improve whatever our staff and partners created. We wanted maximum viral impact, and we saw open licensing as the first step in this direction.</p> <p>As it turns out, making open licensing work isn’t easy, and going viral is even tougher. In the three years since embracing open licensing, we’ve bumped up against confusion over IP ownership, partners who are not willing to share, and lawyers who don’t ‘get’ open. Also, in many cases, we’ve simply lost track of materials our partners have created. They may be open, but no one can find them. Not even us.</p> <p>The good news is we’re pushing past all of this, putting in place more systematic open licensing and archiving policies. As we do this, we thought we should write down how things have gone so far and explain where we are headed in the future. Hopefully, this will help others move into open licensing more quickly and successfully in the future.</p></blockquote> <p>Bottom line lessons and advice for other foundations are included briefly at the end of the article:</p> <blockquote><p>If you do decide to ‘go open’, it’s important to take the time to be thoughtful about how it happens. Our experience suggests that there are three issues to pay particular attention to: license choice (choose a license like CC BY SA that has maximum viral impact); ownership (think about who has a stake in making ideas travel and keeping them open; and accessibility (make a clear plan for access and archiving). These are three areas we tripped up on, and that we’re now working to improve.</p></blockquote> <p>There is a full version of the draft <a href="http://docs.google.com/Doc?id=dfpvr6w7_20ds4xt2g2">on Google Docs</a>. I’d love to get comments and feedback on this as I will be doing at least one more version before we ‘publish’ it.</p> <p>Processwise, I still like the idea of the How We Work series. The face-to-face team discussion was especially good, putting us all on the same page (or close to it) in terms of open licensing. It also surfaced some internal controversy on when our partners should own IP and when we should steward it ourselves. As a result, we were able to tweak our new open licensing policy so that it meets a broader set of needs and circumstances.</p> <p>I’m less than sure on the write up format. It’s good to have a<a href="http://docs.google.com/Doc?id=dfpvr6w7_20ds4xt2g2"> formal, reflective article</a>. The process of writing something like this deepens the thinking and even had an impact back on the follow up policy discussions. However, all the back and forth (and my own delays) made the whole process feel really felt slowwwwwwww. For the next topic (internal learning?), I may blog out loud early in the process and then come out with a more formal article a little later. I’d love comments on whether or not this mixed formal / informal writing strategy sounds useful.</p> </div> </div> <div id="post-41" class="post-41 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-open category-philanthropy category-shuttleworthfoundation"> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/2008/02/28/open-philanthropy-and-a-theory-of-change/" rel="bookmark">Open, philanthropy and a theory of change</a></h2> <p class="date">February 28, 2008 <a href="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/2008/02/28/open-philanthropy-and-a-theory-of-change/#comments">§ <span class="commentcount">4 Comments</span></a></p> <div class="entry"> <p>A number of people have been asking me lately: what happened with the <a href="http://commonspace.typepad.com/commonspace/2007/09/what-is-open-ph.html">open philanthropy</a> work that you <a href="http://commonspace.typepad.com/commonspace/2007/09/what-is-open-ph.html">posted about last September</a>?</p> <p>In addition to lots of <a href="http://commonspace.typepad.com/commonspace/2008/01/shuttleworth-fo.html">fruitful little experiments</a> (more on these later), my main work on the open philanthropy front has been on the <a href="http://www.shuttleworthfoundation.org">Shuttleworth Foundation</a> <a href="http://www.theoryofchange.org/">theory of change</a>. In our own words, the purpose of this exercise is to ‘explain what we do, simply’. While we may not have hit that mark yet, we have definitely forced ourselves to start digging into what we mean by open philanthropy. The <a href="http://www.shuttleworthfoundation.org/sites/shuttleworthfoundation.org/files/theory of change diagram - January 08.pdf">current draft</a> looks like this:<br /><a href="http://www.shuttleworthfoundation.org/sites/shuttleworthfoundation.org/files/theory of change diagram - January 08.pdf"><img width="600" height="847" border="0" alt="Theory_of_change_diagram_january_08" src="https://i0.wp.com/commonspace.typepad.com/commonspace/images/2008/02/28/theory_of_change_diagram_january_08.jpg" /></a> </p> <p>One of the first questions we stumbled across as we worked on this picture was ‘what does an open philanthropy way of working look like?’ We brainstormed a ton on this. Some of the ideas we came up with simply described our values as a team (e.g. integrity and irreverence). However, we also unearthed a few things that feel like the essence of the open philanthropy practice we’re currently inventing. While the list is still likely to evolve, these include:</p> <ol> <li><strong>Open source everything.</strong> Everything that the Foundation creates, funds or helps with should be open sourced. This means: under an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_license">open license</a>; available in an open format; and accessible from a public web site, always.</li> <li><strong>Share. Leverage. Share again. </strong>Open source is not just about giving (share), it’s also about receiving (leverage). You don’t need to look far in the software world to see this. Something like <a href="http://www.ubuntu.com/">Ubuntu</a> rests on the shoulders (and code) of giants who have shared tremendously. However, it only succeeds by leveraging these existing assets to create even more value, and then giving it back again. It’s this leverage and share again process to moves things ahead. The Foundation can use this same share|leverage|share cycle to drive collaborative social innovation and radical improvement in areas like education.</li> <li><strong>Community as part of everything. </strong>Despite the rhetoric, most philanthropy and social investment happens in silos. The result is zero leverage, poor use of resources and slow progress. The Foundation needs to get down and dirty with communities working on education, innovation and access each step of the way. This means constantly looking at who’s doing similar work, inviting them to our parties, and going to theirs. It also means befriending the enemies of those working against us. The open source world has lots to teach us about this. So does <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramsci">Gramsci</a>.</li> <li><strong>Radical transparency.</strong> A core piece of ‘<a href="http://commonspace.typepad.com/commonspace/2008/02/open-vs-open-vs.html">open</a>‘ — <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source">open source</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Space_Technology">open events</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_society">open societies</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_system_%28systems_theory%29">open systems</a><br /> — is being able to see what’s under the hood. When you can see inside<br /> something, you can understand it, interface with it, hack it or rip it<br /> off altogether. If something is closed, you can’t. Radical transparency<br /> means opening up not only your yearly books (we need to do this<br /> anyways), but also openly sharing your planning, learning and<br /> relationships as you go along. This doesn’t have to be hard: just take<br /> the password off the wiki and podcast your events. By the doing things<br /> like this, the Foundation is likely to have partners who come with<br /> better ideas (interface), offer improvements (hack) and even run with<br /> things on their own (rip it off). That’s what we want.</li> <li><strong>Listen, learn, evolve: constantly.</strong> The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluetrain_Manifesto">Cluetrain Manifesto</a> taught us that markets are conversations. It’s strange to me that so few activists have learned that the same is true of social change. Open philanthropy must include constant engagement and conversation with partners, activists, policymakers and (god forbid) customers. Knowing what these people think in real time with 80% accuracy (using cluetrain-style market research) is way better than finding out with 99% accuracy five years too late (using the rigorous and expensive evaluation processes that foundations love). This is especially true if people think what you are doing sucks, as you’ve still got time to fix it. The Foundation needs to get involved in this kind of listening in a very systematic way, and then to use what it is hearing and learning to steer the ship.</li> </ol> <p>In the Shuttleworth team, we already embrace some of these things in our daily practice, even if we do so far from perfectly. Everything we do and fund is under an open license. Initiatives like Siyavula and the <a href="http://www.capetowndeclaration.org">Cape Town Open Education Declaration</a> have community at their heart. And, we do listen, learn and evolve faster than any other foundation I have worked with. Open is deep in the DNA of the Shuttleworth Foundation, the team and most of our partners. </p> <p>The thing is, embracing with these ideas isn’t the same as succeeding with them. We’re still a long way from having a break away hit with open sourced education. In fact, we’re just starting (after four years of trying) to become more systematic about open licensing and archiving the things produced by the Foundation and its partners. And, we’re still a ways off from a systematic approach to learning and transparency. The Foundation — and this infant idea of open philanthropy — are works in progress. We know that. It’s part of the fun.</p> <p>The theory of change discussion also forced us to look at our assumptions about how ideas move and how innovation happens. These ideas are even more in flux that the ones above, and will be subject to further discussion. In any case, some things that seem true so far include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Only some ideas will get traction.</strong> Our core, day to day work is investing in people and ideas that drive innovation in <a href="http://www.shuttleworthfoundation.org/our-work/open-and-collaborative-resources">education</a>, <a href="http://www.shuttleworthfoundation.org/our-work/intellectual-property-rights">telecom</a> and <a href="http://www.shuttleworthfoundation.org/our-work/telecommunications">intellectual property</a>. Our hope is that this work bubbles up some good ideas, and that the people behind these ideas will run with them. However, we know that only some of these ideas will get traction. That’s okay. These are the ones we want to back, and that the open philanthropy approach can accelerate and improve.</li> <li><strong>Good ideas need to become real products, services and policies.</strong> Transitioning from a good idea to something people use everyday is hard work. The Foundation and the open philanthropy process need to be focused on putting this hard work into ideas that are viable. This includes making sure ideas are well packaged and productized (even policy ideas need to be ‘easy to use’), building communities and (social) markets around them and thinking deeply about their long term viability and sustainability out in the wild. It’s only with hard work in these areas — and then some degree of good fortune — that the ideas we back ideas will start to have the kind education, innovation and access to knowledge impact that we are seeking.  </li> <li><strong>If we’re lucky, some ideas will go viral.</strong> The ideas that really scale — at least in the short term — will do so because they go <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_marketing">viral</a>. This is the real potential of open philanthropy. With open sourced ideas and strong communities, the conditions are right for going viral. But, scaling an idea this way also involves a tremendous amount of luck and serendipity. It also involves listening and being willing to jump when the opportunity arises. This is something we’ll need to train ourselves to do. </li> </ul> <p>This is still early theorizing. However, it feels like the core principles here have some merit: filter for ideas with traction; be rigorous about packaging and promoting ideas with promise; and jump on opportunities to spread and go viral. By doing these things, we’re hoping that we can catalyze enduring changes to policy, practice and culture eventually nurture an open knowledge society (I guess we’d better define that one soon, but not in this post). It’ll be interesting to see what works, and even more interesting to evolve our thinking along the way. </p> <p>Anyways, that’s a quick answer to those who asked what’s up on the open philanthropy front. Fun stuff. More soon.</p> <p>PS. <a href="http://www.shuttleworthfoundation.org/sites/shuttleworthfoundation.org/files/theory%20of%20change%20diagram%20-%20January%2008.pdf">The </a><a href="http://www.shuttleworthfoundation.org/sites/shuttleworthfoundation.org/files/theory%20of%20change%20diagram%20-%20January%2008.pdf">PDF version</a> of the digram above is <a href="http://www.shuttleworthfoundation.org/sites/shuttleworthfoundation.org/files/theory%20of%20change%20diagram%20-%20January%2008.pdf">here</a>.</p> </div> </div> <div class="navigation"> <p class="alignleft"><a href="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/category/philanthropy/page/2/" >« Older Entries</a></p> <p class="alignright"></p> </div> </div>  <div id="supplementary"> <div class="meta"> <div class="post-nav"> <h3>Where Am I?</h3> <p>You are currently browsing the <strong>philanthropy</strong> category at <a href="https://commonspace.wordpress.com">commonspace</a>.</p> <div class="spacer"></div> </div> </div>  </div>  </div>  <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-contact"> <p><a href="https://wordpress.com/?ref=footer_blog" rel="nofollow">Blog at WordPress.com.</a></p> <p></p> </div> </div> </div>  <script type="text/javascript"> var infiniteScroll = {"settings":{"id":"entry-content","ajaxurl":"https:\/\/commonspace.wordpress.com\/?infinity=scrolling","type":"scroll","wrapper":true,"wrapper_class":"infinite-wrap","footer":true,"click_handle":"1","text":"Older posts","totop":"Scroll back to top","currentday":"28.02.08","order":"DESC","scripts":[],"styles":[],"google_analytics":false,"offset":1,"history":{"host":"commonspace.wordpress.com","path":"\/category\/philanthropy\/page\/%d\/","use_trailing_slashes":true,"parameters":""},"query_args":{"category_name":"philanthropy","error":"","m":"","p":0,"post_parent":"","subpost":"","subpost_id":"","attachment":"","attachment_id":0,"name":"","pagename":"","page_id":0,"second":"","minute":"","hour":"","day":0,"monthnum":0,"year":0,"w":0,"tag":"","cat":195,"tag_id":"","author":"","author_name":"","feed":"","tb":"","paged":0,"meta_key":"","meta_value":"","preview":"","s":"","sentence":"","title":"","fields":"","menu_order":"","embed":"","category__in":[],"category__not_in":[],"category__and":[],"post__in":[],"post__not_in":[],"post_name__in":[],"tag__in":[],"tag__not_in":[],"tag__and":[],"tag_slug__in":[],"tag_slug__and":[],"post_parent__in":[],"post_parent__not_in":[],"author__in":[],"author__not_in":[],"search_columns":[],"lazy_load_term_meta":false,"posts_per_page":10,"ignore_sticky_posts":false,"suppress_filters":false,"cache_results":true,"update_post_term_cache":true,"update_menu_item_cache":false,"update_post_meta_cache":true,"post_type":"","nopaging":false,"comments_per_page":"50","no_found_rows":false,"order":"DESC"},"query_before":"2024-11-27 00:00:04","last_post_date":"2008-02-28 15:20:31","body_class":"infinite-scroll neverending","loading_text":"Loading new page","stats":"blog=336759&v=wpcom&tz=0&user_id=0&subd=commonspace&x_pagetype=infinite"}}; </script>  <script type="text/javascript" src="//0.gravatar.com/js/hovercards/hovercards.min.js?ver=2024484048849247f5660a2d05b85c6fc286379897f30a1061ad46e7f037e059ed7fe7" id="grofiles-cards-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wpgroho-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var WPGroHo = {"my_hash":""}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript' src='https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/gravatar-hovercards/wpgroho.js?m=1610363240i'></script> <script> // Initialize and attach hovercards to all gravatars ( function() { function init() { if ( typeof Gravatar === 'undefined' ) { return; } if ( typeof Gravatar.init !== 'function' ) { return; } Gravatar.profile_cb = function ( hash, id ) { WPGroHo.syncProfileData( hash, id ); }; Gravatar.my_hash = WPGroHo.my_hash; Gravatar.init( 'body', '#wp-admin-bar-my-account', { i18n: { 'Edit your profile': 'Edit your profile', 'View profile': 'View profile', 'Sorry, we are unable to load this Gravatar profile.': 'Sorry, we are unable to load this Gravatar profile.', 'Profile not found.': 'Profile not found.', 'Too Many Requests.': 'Too Many Requests.', 'Internal Server Error.': 'Internal Server Error.', }, } ); } if ( document.readyState !== 'loading' ) { init(); } else { document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', init ); } } )(); </script> <div style="display:none"> </div> <div id="infinite-footer"> <div class="container"> <div class="blog-info"> <a id="infinity-blog-title" href="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/" rel="home"> commonspace </a> </div> <div class="blog-credits"> <a href="https://wordpress.com/?ref=footer_blog" rel="nofollow">Blog at WordPress.com.</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="actionbar" style="display: none;" class="actnbr-pub-oulipo actnbr-has-follow"> <ul> <li class="actnbr-btn actnbr-hidden"> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-follow " href=""> <svg class="gridicon" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path clip-rule="evenodd" d="m4 4.5h12v6.5h1.5v-6.5-1.5h-1.5-12-1.5v1.5 10.5c0 1.1046.89543 2 2 2h7v-1.5h-7c-.27614 0-.5-.2239-.5-.5zm10.5 2h-9v1.5h9zm-5 3h-4v1.5h4zm3.5 1.5h-1v1h1zm-1-1.5h-1.5v1.5 1 1.5h1.5 1 1.5v-1.5-1-1.5h-1.5zm-2.5 2.5h-4v1.5h4zm6.5 1.25h1.5v2.25h2.25v1.5h-2.25v2.25h-1.5v-2.25h-2.25v-1.5h2.25z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg> <span>Subscribe</span> </a> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-following no-display" href=""> <svg class="gridicon" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16 4.5H4V15C4 15.2761 4.22386 15.5 4.5 15.5H11.5V17H4.5C3.39543 17 2.5 16.1046 2.5 15V4.5V3H4H16H17.5V4.5V12.5H16V4.5ZM5.5 6.5H14.5V8H5.5V6.5ZM5.5 9.5H9.5V11H5.5V9.5ZM12 11H13V12H12V11ZM10.5 9.5H12H13H14.5V11V12V13.5H13H12H10.5V12V11V9.5ZM5.5 12H9.5V13.5H5.5V12Z" fill="#008A20"></path><path class="following-icon-tick" d="M13.5 16L15.5 18L19 14.5" stroke="#008A20" stroke-width="1.5"></path></svg> <span>Subscribed</span> </a> <div class="actnbr-popover tip tip-top-left actnbr-notice" id="follow-bubble"> <div class="tip-arrow"></div> <div class="tip-inner actnbr-follow-bubble"> <ul> <li class="actnbr-sitename"> <a href="https://commonspace.wordpress.com"> <img loading='lazy' alt='' src='https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png' srcset='https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png 1x' class='avatar avatar-50' height='50' width='50' /> commonspace </a> </li> <div class="actnbr-message no-display"></div> <form method="post" action="https://subscribe.wordpress.com" accept-charset="utf-8" style="display: none;"> <div class="actnbr-follow-count">Join 2,105 other subscribers</div> <div> <input type="email" name="email" placeholder="Enter your email address" class="actnbr-email-field" aria-label="Enter your email address" /> </div> <input type="hidden" name="action" value="subscribe" /> <input type="hidden" name="blog_id" value="336759" /> <input type="hidden" name="source" value="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/category/philanthropy/" /> <input type="hidden" name="sub-type" value="actionbar-follow" /> <input type="hidden" id="_wpnonce" name="_wpnonce" value="8346c216f1" /> <div class="actnbr-button-wrap"> <button type="submit" value="Sign me up"> Sign me up </button> </div> </form> <li class="actnbr-login-nudge"> <div> Already have a WordPress.com account? <a href="https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fcommonspace.wordpress.com%2F2009%2F04%2F23%2Fwhat-is-a-hybrid-organization%2F&signup_flow=account">Log in now.</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="actnbr-ellipsis actnbr-hidden"> <svg class="gridicon gridicons-ellipsis" height="24" width="24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M7 12c0 1.104-.896 2-2 2s-2-.896-2-2 .896-2 2-2 2 .896 2 2zm12-2c-1.104 0-2 .896-2 2s.896 2 2 2 2-.896 2-2-.896-2-2-2zm-7 0c-1.104 0-2 .896-2 2s.896 2 2 2 2-.896 2-2-.896-2-2-2z"/></g></svg> <div class="actnbr-popover tip tip-top-left actnbr-more"> <div class="tip-arrow"></div> <div class="tip-inner"> <ul> <li class="actnbr-sitename"> <a href="https://commonspace.wordpress.com"> <img loading='lazy' alt='' src='https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png' srcset='https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png 1x' class='avatar avatar-50' height='50' width='50' /> commonspace </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-folded-customize"> <a href="https://commonspace.wordpress.com/wp-admin/customize.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcommonspace.wordpress.com%2Fcategory%2Fphilanthropy%2F"> <svg class="gridicon gridicons-customize" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M2 6c0-1.505.78-3.08 2-4 0 .845.69 2 2 2 1.657 0 3 1.343 3 3 0 .386-.08.752-.212 1.09.74.594 1.476 1.19 2.19 1.81L8.9 11.98c-.62-.716-1.214-1.454-1.807-2.192C6.753 9.92 6.387 10 6 10c-2.21 0-4-1.79-4-4zm12.152 6.848l1.34-1.34c.607.304 1.283.492 2.008.492 2.485 0 4.5-2.015 4.5-4.5 0-.725-.188-1.4-.493-2.007L18 9l-2-2 3.507-3.507C18.9 3.188 18.225 3 17.5 3 15.015 3 13 5.015 13 7.5c0 .725.188 1.4.493 2.007L3 20l2 2 6.848-6.848c1.885 1.928 3.874 3.753 5.977 5.45l1.425 1.148 1.5-1.5-1.15-1.425c-1.695-2.103-3.52-4.092-5.448-5.977z"/></g></svg> <span>Customize</span> </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-folded-follow"> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-follow " href=""> <svg class="gridicon" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path clip-rule="evenodd" d="m4 4.5h12v6.5h1.5v-6.5-1.5h-1.5-12-1.5v1.5 10.5c0 1.1046.89543 2 2 2h7v-1.5h-7c-.27614 0-.5-.2239-.5-.5zm10.5 2h-9v1.5h9zm-5 3h-4v1.5h4zm3.5 1.5h-1v1h1zm-1-1.5h-1.5v1.5 1 1.5h1.5 1 1.5v-1.5-1-1.5h-1.5zm-2.5 2.5h-4v1.5h4zm6.5 1.25h1.5v2.25h2.25v1.5h-2.25v2.25h-1.5v-2.25h-2.25v-1.5h2.25z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg> <span>Subscribe</span> </a> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-following no-display" href=""> <svg class="gridicon" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16 4.5H4V15C4 15.2761 4.22386 15.5 4.5 15.5H11.5V17H4.5C3.39543 17 2.5 16.1046 2.5 15V4.5V3H4H16H17.5V4.5V12.5H16V4.5ZM5.5 6.5H14.5V8H5.5V6.5ZM5.5 9.5H9.5V11H5.5V9.5ZM12 11H13V12H12V11ZM10.5 9.5H12H13H14.5V11V12V13.5H13H12H10.5V12V11V9.5ZM5.5 12H9.5V13.5H5.5V12Z" fill="#008A20"></path><path class="following-icon-tick" d="M13.5 16L15.5 18L19 14.5" stroke="#008A20" stroke-width="1.5"></path></svg> <span>Subscribed</span> </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-signup"><a href="https://wordpress.com/start/">Sign up</a></li> <li class="actnbr-login"><a href="https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fcommonspace.wordpress.com%2F2009%2F04%2F23%2Fwhat-is-a-hybrid-organization%2F&signup_flow=account">Log in</a></li> <li class="flb-report"> <a href="https://wordpress.com/abuse/?report_url=https://commonspace.wordpress.com" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Report this content </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-reader"> <a href="https://wordpress.com/read/feeds/100482987"> View site in Reader </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-subs"> <a href="https://subscribe.wordpress.com/">Manage subscriptions</a> </li> <li class="actnbr-fold"><a href="">Collapse this bar</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <script> window.addEventListener( "load", function( event ) { var link = document.createElement( "link" ); link.href = "https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/actionbar/actionbar.css?v=20241015"; link.type = "text/css"; link.rel = "stylesheet"; document.head.appendChild( link ); var script = document.createElement( "script" ); script.src = "https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/actionbar/actionbar.js?v=20231122"; script.defer = true; document.body.appendChild( script ); } ); </script> <div id="jp-carousel-loading-overlay"> <div id="jp-carousel-loading-wrapper"> <span id="jp-carousel-library-loading"> </span> </div> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-overlay" style="display: none;"> <div class="jp-carousel-container">  <div class="jp-carousel-wrap swiper-container jp-carousel-swiper-container jp-carousel-transitions" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageGallery"> <div class="jp-carousel swiper-wrapper"></div> <div class="jp-swiper-button-prev swiper-button-prev"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="maskPrev" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="8" y="6" width="9" height="12"> <path d="M16.2072 16.59L11.6496 12L16.2072 7.41L14.8041 6L8.8335 12L14.8041 18L16.2072 16.59Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#maskPrev)"> <rect x="0.579102" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> </div> <div class="jp-swiper-button-next swiper-button-next"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="maskNext" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="8" y="6" width="8" height="12"> <path d="M8.59814 16.59L13.1557 12L8.59814 7.41L10.0012 6L15.9718 12L10.0012 18L8.59814 16.59Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#maskNext)"> <rect x="0.34375" width="23.8822" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> </div> </div>  <div class="jp-carousel-close-hint"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="maskClose" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="5" y="5" width="15" height="14"> <path d="M19.3166 6.41L17.9135 5L12.3509 10.59L6.78834 5L5.38525 6.41L10.9478 12L5.38525 17.59L6.78834 19L12.3509 13.41L17.9135 19L19.3166 17.59L13.754 12L19.3166 6.41Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#maskClose)"> <rect x="0.409668" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> </div>  <div class="jp-carousel-info"> <div class="jp-carousel-info-footer"> <div class="jp-carousel-pagination-container"> <div class="jp-swiper-pagination swiper-pagination"></div> <div class="jp-carousel-pagination"></div> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-photo-title-container"> <h2 class="jp-carousel-photo-caption"></h2> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-photo-icons-container"> <a href="#" class="jp-carousel-icon-btn jp-carousel-icon-info" aria-label="Toggle photo metadata visibility"> <span class="jp-carousel-icon"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="maskInfo" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="2" y="2" width="21" height="20"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M12.7537 2C7.26076 2 2.80273 6.48 2.80273 12C2.80273 17.52 7.26076 22 12.7537 22C18.2466 22 22.7046 17.52 22.7046 12C22.7046 6.48 18.2466 2 12.7537 2ZM11.7586 7V9H13.7488V7H11.7586ZM11.7586 11V17H13.7488V11H11.7586ZM4.79292 12C4.79292 16.41 8.36531 20 12.7537 20C17.142 20 20.7144 16.41 20.7144 12C20.7144 7.59 17.142 4 12.7537 4C8.36531 4 4.79292 7.59 4.79292 12Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#maskInfo)"> <rect x="0.8125" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> </span> </a> <a href="#" class="jp-carousel-icon-btn jp-carousel-icon-comments" aria-label="Toggle photo comments visibility"> <span class="jp-carousel-icon"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="maskComments" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="2" y="2" width="21" height="20"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4.3271 2H20.2486C21.3432 2 22.2388 2.9 22.2388 4V16C22.2388 17.1 21.3432 18 20.2486 18H6.31729L2.33691 22V4C2.33691 2.9 3.2325 2 4.3271 2ZM6.31729 16H20.2486V4H4.3271V18L6.31729 16Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#maskComments)"> <rect x="0.34668" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> <span class="jp-carousel-has-comments-indicator" aria-label="This image has comments."></span> </span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-info-extra"> <div class="jp-carousel-info-content-wrapper"> <div class="jp-carousel-photo-title-container"> <h2 class="jp-carousel-photo-title"></h2> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-comments-wrapper"> <div id="jp-carousel-comments-loading"> <span>Loading Comments...</span> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-comments"></div> <div id="jp-carousel-comment-form-container"> <span id="jp-carousel-comment-form-spinner"> </span> <div id="jp-carousel-comment-post-results"></div> <div id="jp-carousel-comment-form-commenting-as"> <p id="jp-carousel-commenting-as"> You must be <a href="#" class="jp-carousel-comment-login">logged in</a> to post a comment. </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-image-meta"> <div class="jp-carousel-title-and-caption"> <div class="jp-carousel-photo-info"> <h3 class="jp-carousel-caption" itemprop="caption description"></h3> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-photo-description"></div> </div> <ul class="jp-carousel-image-exif" style="display: none;"></ul> <a class="jp-carousel-image-download" href="#" target="_blank" style="display: none;"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="mask0" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="3" y="3" width="19" height="18"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5.84615 5V19H19.7775V12H21.7677V19C21.7677 20.1 20.8721 21 19.7775 21H5.84615C4.74159 21 3.85596 20.1 3.85596 19V5C3.85596 3.9 4.74159 3 5.84615 3H12.8118V5H5.84615ZM14.802 5V3H21.7677V10H19.7775V6.41L9.99569 16.24L8.59261 14.83L18.3744 5H14.802Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#mask0)"> <rect x="0.870605" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> <span class="jp-carousel-download-text"></span> </a> <div class="jp-carousel-image-map" style="display: none;"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-0-2' href='https://s2.wp.com/_static/??-eJydzEEKwyAQheEL1Q5JocFFyFmsDkEzjuI4hNy+FJptFln+j8cHezW+cEfukNVU0jWyQMJend/+DaIMuQQlFPCuFRUkkD1WbOajHAifXuQB97Hzcw43vR4Jg1kdEbbjqn7+kufhbUc7vYZxSl9CS2RI&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-carousel-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var jetpackSwiperLibraryPath = {"url":"https:\/\/s2.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/jetpack-plugin\/sun\/_inc\/build\/carousel\/swiper-bundle.min.js"}; var jetpackCarouselStrings = {"widths":[370,700,1000,1200,1400,2000],"is_logged_in":"","lang":"en","ajaxurl":"https:\/\/commonspace.wordpress.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"5d3d794c1a","display_exif":"1","display_comments":"1","single_image_gallery":"1","single_image_gallery_media_file":"","background_color":"black","comment":"Comment","post_comment":"Post Comment","write_comment":"Write a Comment...","loading_comments":"Loading Comments...","image_label":"Open image in full-screen.","download_original":"View full size <span class=\"photo-size\">{0}<span class=\"photo-size-times\">\u00d7<\/span>{1}<\/span>","no_comment_text":"Please be sure to submit some text with your comment.","no_comment_email":"Please provide an email address to comment.","no_comment_author":"Please provide your name to comment.","comment_post_error":"Sorry, but there was an error posting your comment. Please try again later.","comment_approved":"Your comment was approved.","comment_unapproved":"Your comment is in moderation.","camera":"Camera","aperture":"Aperture","shutter_speed":"Shutter Speed","focal_length":"Focal Length","copyright":"Copyright","comment_registration":"1","require_name_email":"1","login_url":"https:\/\/commonspace.wordpress.com\/wp-login.php?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fcommonspace.wordpress.com%2F2009%2F04%2F23%2Fwhat-is-a-hybrid-organization%2F","blog_id":"336759","meta_data":["camera","aperture","shutter_speed","focal_length","copyright"],"stats_query_args":"blog=336759&v=wpcom&tz=0&user_id=0&subd=commonspace","is_public":"1"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript' src='https://s1.wp.com/_static/??-eJylj80KwjAQhF/I7VqFehIfRdI0lo2bTcgPpW/fHIyIBwU9fsPM7CwuAbSXbCSjTej8SGygJBPVXDUgufnOph2++FyBwGUmSWhNDkrfH4ypCF5JNI6FeMIaJqFsIOnomRuvnSP5uVSr6Os+ftqa8Fdrrm9PMCtmE9dP9OVKGwNL0N69Yc1d3Lk/Hfd9PxyGwW5WiY83'></script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function () { var wpcom_reblog = { source: 'toolbar', toggle_reblog_box_flair: function (obj_id, post_id) { // Go to site selector. This will redirect to their blog if they only have one. const postEndpoint = `https://wordpress.com/post`; // Ideally we would use the permalink here, but fortunately this will be replaced with the // post permalink in the editor. const originalURL = `${ document.location.href }?page_id=${ post_id }`; const url = postEndpoint + '?url=' + encodeURIComponent( originalURL ) + '&is_post_share=true' + '&v=5'; const redirect = function () { if ( ! window.open( url, '_blank' ) ) { location.href = url; } }; if ( /Firefox/.test( navigator.userAgent ) ) { setTimeout( redirect, 0 ); } else { redirect(); } }, }; window.wpcom_reblog = wpcom_reblog; })(); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // <![CDATA[ (function() { try{ if ( window.external &&'msIsSiteMode' in window.external) { if (window.external.msIsSiteMode()) { var jl = document.createElement('script'); jl.type='text/javascript'; jl.async=true; jl.src='/wp-content/plugins/ie-sitemode/custom-jumplist.php'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(jl, s); } } }catch(e){} })(); // ]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function() { var extend = function(out) { out = out || {}; for (var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) { if (!arguments[i]) continue; for (var key in arguments[i]) { if (arguments[i].hasOwnProperty(key)) out[key] = arguments[i][key]; } } return out; }; extend( window.infiniteScroll.settings.scripts, ["jetpack-mu-wpcom-settings","rlt-proxy","wpcom-actionbar-placeholder","grofiles-cards","wpgroho","mobile-useragent-info","the-neverending-homepage","jetpack-carousel","tiled-gallery","carousel-wpcom"] ); extend( window.infiniteScroll.settings.styles, ["the-neverending-homepage","infinity-oulipo","wp-block-library","jetpack-layout-grid","jetpack-ratings","mediaelement","wp-mediaelement","coblocks-frontend","wpcom-core-compat-playlist-styles","wpcom-bbpress2-staff-css","oulipo","reblogging","geo-location-flair","a8c-global-print","h4-global","wp-emoji-styles","videopress-video-style","jetpack-sharing-buttons-style","classic-theme-styles","global-styles","jetpack-global-styles-frontend-style","jetpack-carousel-swiper-css","jetpack-carousel","tiled-gallery","core-block-supports-duotone"] ); })(); </script> <span id="infinite-aria" aria-live="polite"></span> <script src="//stats.wp.com/w.js?67" defer></script> <script type="text/javascript"> _tkq = window._tkq || []; _stq = window._stq || []; _tkq.push(['storeContext', {'blog_id':'336759','blog_tz':'0','user_lang':'en','blog_lang':'en','user_id':'0'}]); _stq.push(['view', {'blog':'336759','v':'wpcom','tz':'0','user_id':'0','subd':'commonspace'}]); _stq.push(['extra', {'crypt':'UE40eW5QN0p8M2Y/RE1oV0pFNEwueXFaVXlyMGwvVG9bYnpmRTZaZyxNTzVFOUxaR1NYc1NlSDAwRUVMeldxLCZDZklwanoxYWRddyVyPVpvYV1maD1zZmxLLzZxJlFtRz1aTHYvLU8uc3xRNmRFd210bV0/Nnl0QnRpTWwwN3BJaTNNVXxsfnAmM3gteFt6R0p1U0pzbnNQRzVpTk58eltoaSZkdG9XaVkudTNYTU4xW1NOMnZOeGpaaXRRdCtuNURMMHczN1tCcHpHTWwycnl0K2ZmTEo/SHZlLC1DZnM5UVB+YnlYPWlPK1pXSyVORCt4T2RONXRXT1lLbCxEMkc='}]); _stq.push([ 'clickTrackerInit', '336759', '0' ]); </script> <noscript><img src="https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript" style="height:1px;width:1px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;bottom:1px;" alt="" /></noscript> <script> ( function() { function getMobileUserAgentInfo() { if ( typeof wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info === 'object' ) { wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.init(); var mobileStatsQueryString = ''; if ( wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.matchedPlatformName !== false ) { mobileStatsQueryString += '&x_' + 'mobile_platforms' + '=' + wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.matchedPlatformName; } if ( wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.matchedUserAgentName !== false ) { mobileStatsQueryString += '&x_' + 'mobile_devices' + '=' + wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.matchedUserAgentName; } if ( wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.isIPad() ) { mobileStatsQueryString += '&x_' + 'ipad_views' + '=' + 'views'; } if ( mobileStatsQueryString != '' ) { new Image().src = document.location.protocol + '//pixel.wp.com/g.gif?v=wpcom-no-pv' + mobileStatsQueryString + '&baba=' + Math.random(); } } } document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', getMobileUserAgentInfo ); } )(); </script></body> </html>