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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Començament</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Nom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Nom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Localizacion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Localizacion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Localizacion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Localizacion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Situacion_sociala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Situacion_sociala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Situacion sociala</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Situacion_sociala-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Situacion sociala</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Situacion_sociala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Substitucion_e_renaissentisme" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Substitucion_e_renaissentisme"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Substitucion e renaissentisme</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Substitucion_e_renaissentisme-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Estatuts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Estatuts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Estatuts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Estatuts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Istòria_de_l'occitan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istòria_de_l'occitan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Istòria de l'occitan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Istòria_de_l'occitan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classificacion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classificacion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Classificacion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classificacion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Caracteristicas_estructuralas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caracteristicas_estructuralas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Caracteristicas estructuralas</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Caracteristicas_estructuralas-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Caracteristicas estructuralas</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Caracteristicas_estructuralas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fonologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fonologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Fonologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fonologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evolucion_fonetica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolucion_fonetica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Evolucion fonetica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evolucion_fonetica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Morfologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morfologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Morfologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Morfologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lexic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lexic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Lexic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lexic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sintaxi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sintaxi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Sintaxi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sintaxi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Codificacion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Codificacion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Codificacion</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Codificacion-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Codificacion</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Codificacion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Estandardizacion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Estandardizacion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Estandardizacion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Estandardizacion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grafia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grafia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Grafia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grafia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ligams_intèrnes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligams_intèrnes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Ligams intèrnes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligams_intèrnes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dialectologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dialectologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Dialectologia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Dialectologia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Dialectologia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Dialectologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Generalitats" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Generalitats"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Generalitats</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Generalitats-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classificacion_dialectala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classificacion_dialectala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Classificacion dialectala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classificacion_dialectala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classificacion_supradialectala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classificacion_supradialectala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Classificacion supradialectala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classificacion_supradialectala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dialèctes_ancians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dialèctes_ancians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Dialèctes ancians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dialèctes_ancians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ligams" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligams"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Ligams</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligams-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nòtas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nòtas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Nòtas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nòtas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referéncias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referéncias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Referéncias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referéncias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Somari" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Taula de continguts" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Occitan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 155 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-155" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">155 lengas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahsa_Occitan" title="Bahsa Occitan - atjeh" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Bahsa Occitan" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="atjeh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%8D" title="Окситаныбзэ - adigué" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Окситаныбзэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adigué" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksitaans" title="Oksitaans - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Oksitaans" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okzitanische_Sprache" title="Okzitanische Sprache - aleman de Soïssa" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Okzitanische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="aleman de Soïssa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A6%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%B2%E1%89%B3%E1%8A%95%E1%8A%9B" title="ኦክሲታንኛ - amaric" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኦክሲታንኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_occit%C3%A1n" title="Idioma occitán - aragonés" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma occitán" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة القسطانية - arabi" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة القسطانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%83%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87" title="لغه اوكسيتانيه - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لغه اوكسيتانيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_occitanu" title="Idioma occitanu - asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma occitanu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksitan_dili" title="Oksitan dili - azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Oksitan dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="اوکسیتانیا دیلی - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اوکسیتانیا دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Окситан теле - baixkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Окситан теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baixkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uoks%C4%97tanu_kalba" title="Uoksėtanu kalba - samogitien" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Uoksėtanu kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Аксітанская мова - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аксітанская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Аксытанская мова - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Аксытанская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Окситански език - bulgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Окситански език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%81_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="অক্সিতঁ ভাষা - bengalin" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অক্সিতঁ ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okitaneg" title="Okitaneg - breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Okitaneg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occit%C3%A0" title="Occità - catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Occità" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82" title="Окситанхойн мотт - chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Окситанхойн мотт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inutsitan" title="Inutsitan - cebuan" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Inutsitan" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_occitana" title="Lingua occitana - còrs" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Lingua occitana" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="còrs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksitan_tili" title="Oksitan tili - tàtar de Crimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Oksitan tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tàtar de Crimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okcit%C3%A1n%C5%A1tina" title="Okcitánština - chèc" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Okcitánština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Окситан чĕлхи - chovash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Окситан чĕлхи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chovash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocsitaneg" title="Ocsitaneg - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ocsitaneg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occitansk_(sprog)" title="Occitansk (sprog) - danés" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Occitansk (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okzitanische_Sprache" title="Okzitanische Sprache - alemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Okzitanische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksitanki" title="Oksitanki - Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Oksitanki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okcitan%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Okcitanšćina - baix sòrab" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Okcitanšćina" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="baix sòrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%BE%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Οξιτανική γλώσσα - grèc" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οξιτανική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ucit%C3%A0n" title="Ucitàn - Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Ucitàn" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language - anglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Occitan language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okcitana_lingvo" title="Okcitana lingvo - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Okcitana lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_occitano" title="Idioma occitano - espanhòl" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma occitano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksitaani_keel" title="Oksitaani keel - estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Oksitaani keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okzitaniera" title="Okzitaniera - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Okzitaniera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_ocitana" title="Lengua ocitana - extremeny" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Lengua ocitana" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="extremeny" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="زبان اکسیتان - perse" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان اکسیتان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksitaani" title="Oksitaani - finlandés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Oksitaani" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occitan" title="Occitan - francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Occitan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occitan" title="Occitan - francoprovençal" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Occitan" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="francoprovençal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksitaans_spriak" title="Oksitaans spriak - frisó septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Oksitaans spriak" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisó septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksitaansk" title="Oksitaansk - frisó occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Oksitaansk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisó occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Ocsat%C3%A1inis" title="An Ocsatáinis - irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Ocsatáinis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogsatanais" title="Ogsatanais - gaelic escossés" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Ogsatanais" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelic escossés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_occitana" title="Lingua occitana - galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua occitana" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occit%C3%A1%C3%B1a%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BD" title="Occitáñañe'ẽ - guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Occitáñañe'ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocsitaanish" title="Ocsitaanish - manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Ocsitaanish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occitan-ng%C3%AE" title="Occitan-ngî - xinès hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Occitan-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="xinès hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="אוקסיטנית - ebrèu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוקסיטנית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebrèu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occitan_bhasa" title="Occitan bhasa - hindi de Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Occitan bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi de Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okcitanski_jezik" title="Okcitanski jezik - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Okcitanski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okcitan%C5%A1%C4%87ina" title="Okcitanšćina - naut sorab" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Okcitanšćina" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="naut sorab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lang_oksitan" title="Lang oksitan - crioll d’Haití" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lang oksitan" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="crioll d’Haití" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okcit%C3%A1n_nyelv" title="Okcitán nyelv - ongrés" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Okcitán nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ongrés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D6%84%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6" title="Օքսիտաներեն - armèni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օքսիտաներեն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armèni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_occitan" title="Lingua occitan - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua occitan" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Oksitan" title="Bahasa Oksitan - indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Oksitan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occitan" title="Occitan - interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Occitan" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_nga_Oksitano" title="Pagsasao nga Oksitano - ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao nga Oksitano" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocitaniana_linguo" title="Ocitaniana linguo - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ocitaniana linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oks%C3%ADtanska" title="Oksítanska - islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Oksítanska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_occitana" title="Lingua occitana - italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua occitana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E8%AA%9E" title="オック語 - japonés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オック語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axitah_languij" title="Axitah languij - crioll anglès de Jamaica" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Axitah languij" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="crioll anglès de Jamaica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Ositania" title="Basa Ositania - javanés" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Ositania" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ოქსიტანური ენა - georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ოქსიტანური ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksitan_tili" title="Oksitan tili - karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Oksitan tili" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuksitant" title="Tuksitant - cabil" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tuksitant" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiunsita" title="Kiunsita - kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Kiunsita" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Окситан тілі - cazac" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Окситан тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%ED%81%AC%EC%96%B4" title="오크어 - corean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오크어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="corean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_oks%C3%AEtan%C3%AE" title="Zimanê oksîtanî - curd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê oksîtanî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Окситан кыв - komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Окситан кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksitanek" title="Oksitanek - cornic" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Oksitanek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Occitana" title="Lingua Occitana - latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Occitana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ositan_(lingua)" title="Ositan (lingua) - lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Ositan (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occitaans" title="Occitaans - limburguès" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Occitaans" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengoa_oc%C3%A7itann-a" title="Lengoa ocçitann-a - lígur" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lengoa ocçitann-a" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="lígur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingaz_uzitan" title="Lingaz uzitan - ladí" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Lingaz uzitan" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="ladí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ucitan" title="Ucitan - llombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Ucitan" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="llombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liosita" title="Liosita - lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Liosita" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksitan%C5%B3_kalba" title="Oksitanų kalba - lituan" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Oksitanų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksit%C4%81%C5%86u_valoda" title="Oksitāņu valoda - leton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Oksitāņu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="leton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%BA%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Окситанонь кяль - mordovià moksa" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Окситанонь кяль" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mordovià moksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_%C3%B4ksitana" title="Fiteny ôksitana - malgash" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny ôksitana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Окситан йылме - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Окситан йылме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_Occitan" title="Reo Occitan - maòri" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Reo Occitan" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maòri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Окситански јазик - macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Окситански јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%92%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="ഒസിറ്റാൻ - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഒസിറ്റാൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="ऑक्सितान भाषा - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ऑक्सितान भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Occitan" title="Bahasa Occitan - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bahasa Occitan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingwa_O%C4%8B%C4%8Bitanija" title="Lingwa Oċċitanija - maltés" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Lingwa Oċċitanija" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="اوکسیتان - mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="اوکسیتان" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okzitaansche_Spraak" title="Okzitaansche Spraak - baix alemany" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Okzitaansche Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baix alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occitaans" title="Occitaans - neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Occitaans" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksitansk" title="Oksitansk - norvegian nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Oksitansk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegian nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksitansk" title="Oksitansk - norvegian bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Oksitansk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegian bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksitanum" title="Oksitanum - novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Oksitanum" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occitan" title="Occitan - Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Occitan" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afaan_Occitan" title="Afaan Occitan - oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Afaan Occitan" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Окситайнаг æвзаг - osseta" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Окситайнаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osseta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occitano" title="Occitano - papiament" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Occitano" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiament" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occitan" title="Occitan - picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Occitan" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_oksyta%C5%84ski" title="Język oksytański - polonés" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język oksytański" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_ossitan-a" title="Lenga ossitan-a - piemontès" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga ossitan-a" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%A7%D9%86" title="اوکسیٹان - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اوکسیٹان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%DA%A9%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="اوکسيتاني ژبه - pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اوکسيتاني ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_occitana" title="Língua occitana - portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua occitana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uqsitan_simi" title="Uqsitan simi - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Uqsitan simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_occitana" title="Lingua occitana - romanch" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Lingua occitana" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="romanch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_occitan%C4%83" title="Limba occitană - romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba occitană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Окситанский язык - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Окситанский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱚᱠᱥᱤᱴᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ - santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱚᱠᱥᱤᱴᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_otzitana" title="Limba otzitana - sard" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba otzitana" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_occitana" title="Lingua occitana - sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lingua occitana" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occitan_leid" title="Occitan leid - escossés" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Occitan leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="escossés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksit%C3%A1nagiella" title="Oksitánagiella - sami septentrional" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Oksitánagiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sami septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksitanski_jezik" title="Oksitanski jezik - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Oksitanski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Occitan language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okcit%C3%A1n%C4%8Dina" title="Okcitánčina - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Okcitánčina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okcitan%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Okcitanščina - eslovèn" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Okcitanščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovèn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiokisitani" title="Chiokisitani - shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chiokisitani" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_oksitane" title="Gjuha oksitane - albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha oksitane" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Окситански језик - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Окситански језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksitoansk" title="Oksitoansk - saterlandais" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Oksitoansk" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Occitan" title="Basa Occitan - sondanès" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Basa Occitan" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sondanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occitanska" title="Occitanska - suedés" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Occitanska" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kioksitania" title="Kioksitania - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kioksitania" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%94ksyta%C5%84sk%C5%8F_g%C5%8Fdka" title="Ôksytańskŏ gŏdka - silesià" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Ôksytańskŏ gŏdka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="silesià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆக்சிதம் - tamol" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆக்சிதம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lia-oksitanu" title="Lia-oksitanu - tètum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Lia-oksitanu" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tètum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2" title="ภาษาอุตซิตา - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาอุตซิตา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksitanca" title="Oksitanca - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Oksitanca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Окситан теле - tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Окситан теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reo_Otit%C4%81nia" title="Reo Otitānia - tahician" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Reo Otitānia" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="tahician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Окситан кыл - udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Окситан кыл" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Окситанська мова - ucrainés" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Окситанська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucrainés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="آکسیٹان زبان - ordó" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آکسیٹان زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ordó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksitan_tili" title="Oksitan tili - ozbèc" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Oksitan tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ozbèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngua_ocitana" title="Łéngua ocitana - vènet" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua ocitana" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="vènet" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksitanan_kel%27" title="Oksitanan kel' - vepse" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Oksitanan kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Occitan" title="Tiếng Occitan - vietnamian" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Occitan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occitaans" title="Occitaans - flamenc occidental" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Occitaans" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="flamenc occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loxit%C3%A4nap%C3%BCk" title="Loxitänapük - volapuc" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Loxitänapük" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occitan" title="Occitan - való" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Occitan" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="való" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="奥克语 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="奥克语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ოქსიტანური ნინა - mingrelià" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ოქსიტანური ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A9" title="אקציטאניש - yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אקציטאניש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_Occitani" title="Èdè Occitani - yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Occitani" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%85%8B%E8%AF%AD" title="奥克语 - chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="奥克语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occitan-g%C3%AD" title="Occitan-gí - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Occitan-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%85%8B%E6%96%87" title="奧克文 - cantonés" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="奧克文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsiOsithani" title="IsiOsithani - zólo" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IsiOsithani" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zólo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q14185#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modificar los ligams interlenga" class="wbc-editpage">Modificar los ligams</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espacis de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Occitan" title="Veire l’article [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discutir:Occitan" rel="discussion" class="mw-redirect" title="Discussion a prepaus d'aquesta pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">occitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Afichatges"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Occitan"><span>Legir</span></a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Occitan&action=edit" title="Aquesta pagina es protegida. 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l'enciclopèdia liura.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="oc" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2456874">@media only screen and (max-width:600px){.mw-parser-output .meta{margin-top:0px;background:#f8f9fa;font-style:italic;font-size:12px;color:#848687}}</style> <table class="noprint meta" cellspacing="5"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="margin-left: 20px;"><i>Pels articles omonims, vejatz <a href="/wiki/Occitan_(omonimia)" class="mw-disambig" title="Occitan (omonimia)">Occitan (omonimia)</a>.</i></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2459348">.mw-parser-output .infobox{background:#f9f9f9;color:#000;font-size:90%;line-height:1.6em;float:right;clear:right;margin:.5em 0 .5em 1em;width:22.5em;border:1px solid #c2c2c1;border-spacing:5px}.mw-parser-output .infobox td,.mw-parser-output .infobox 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#ccd2d9;text-align:left;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia th{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .mergedtoprow,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .mergedtoprow{border-top:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .mergedrow,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .mergedrow{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .mergedbottomrow,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .mergedbottomrow{border-top:0;border-bottom:solid 1px #ccd2d9;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .maptable td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geografia .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-geografia-text{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-geografia-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-geografia-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style> <table class="infobox infobox noarchive" style="font-size:90%;width:25em"><caption style="font-weight:bold;background-color:Moccasin; padding:1px; padding: 3.3px; text-align:center"><span style="float:left; margin-left: 3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Infotaula de lenga"><img alt="Infotaula de lenga" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Octicons-comment.svg/20px-Octicons-comment.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Octicons-comment.svg/40px-Octicons-comment.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="896" data-file-height="1024" /></span></span></span>Occitan</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;background-color:Moccasin">Occitan – lenga d'òc</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; background:#eeeeee">Parlat en</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Espanha" title="Espanha">Espanha</a> (<a href="/wiki/Val_d%27Aran" title="Val d'Aran">Val d'Aran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catalonha_(comunautat_auton%C3%B2ma)" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalonha (comunautat autonòma)">Catalonha</a>) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a> (<a href="/wiki/Auv%C3%A8rnhe_R%C3%B2se_Aups" class="mw-redirect" title="Auvèrnhe Ròse Aups">Auvèrnhe Ròse Aups</a>, <a href="/wiki/Centre_e_Vau_de_L%C3%A9ger" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre e Vau de Léger">Centre e Vau de Léger</a>, <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B2va_Aquit%C3%A0nia" title="Nòva Aquitània">Nòva Aquitània</a>, <a href="/wiki/Occit%C3%A0nia_(region_administrativa)" title="Occitània (region administrativa)">Occitània</a> e <a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7a-Aups-C%C3%B2sta_d%27Azur" title="Provença-Aups-Còsta d'Azur">Provença-Aups-Còsta d'Azur</a>) <br /> <a href="/wiki/It%C3%A0lia" title="Itàlia">Itàlia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Piemont" title="Piemont">Piemont</a> e <a href="/wiki/Cal%C3%A0bria" title="Calàbria">Calàbria</a>) <br /> <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3negue" title="Mónegue">Mónegue</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; background:#eeeeee">Region</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa_Occidentala" title="Euròpa Occidentala">Euròpa Occidentala</a> e <a href="/wiki/America" title="America">America</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; background:#eeeeee"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_de_las_lengas_per_nombre_total_de_locutors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista de las lengas per nombre total de locutors (la pagina existís pas)">Locutors</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1 000 000<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> - 1 670 000<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; background:#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/Tipologia_de_las_lengas" class="mw-redirect" title="Tipologia de las lengas">Tipologia</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenga_sillabica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lenga sillabica (la pagina existís pas)">Sillabica</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color:Moccasin"><a href="/wiki/Lengas_per_familha" title="Lengas per familha">Classificacion lingüistica</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><div style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Lengas_indoeurop%C3%A8as" class="mw-redirect" title="Lengas indoeuropèas">Lengas indoeuropèas</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Lengas_italicas" title="Lengas italicas">Lengas italicas</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Lengas_romanicas" title="Lengas romanicas">Lengas romanicas</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Occitanoromanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Occitanoromanic">Lengas occitanormanicas</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Occitan</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color:Moccasin">Estatut oficial</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; background:#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/Lista_de_las_lengas_oficialas" title="Lista de las lengas oficialas">Oficial</a> de</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Flag_of_Catalonia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Catalonha_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalonha (region)">Catalonha</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nòta 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <a href="/wiki/Gropament_Europ%C3%A8u_de_Cooperacion_Territoriala_Piren%C3%A8us-Mediterran%C3%A8a" class="mw-redirect" title="Gropament Europèu de Cooperacion Territoriala Pirenèus-Mediterranèa">Euroregion Pirenèus-Mediterranèa</a> <small>(cooficial amb lo catalan, espanhòl e francés)</small><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> <a href="/wiki/Comunautat_de_Trabalh_dels_Piren%C3%A8us" title="Comunautat de Trabalh dels Pirenèus">Comunautat de Trabalh dels Pirenèus</a> <small>(cooficial amb lo basc, catalan, espanhòl e francés)</small><br /> <a href="/wiki/Comunautat_d%27aglomeracion_deu_Bascoat" class="mw-redirect" title="Comunautat d'aglomeracion deu Bascoat">Comunautat d'aglomeracion del Bascoat</a> <small>(reconeissença oficiala non juridica)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; background:#eeeeee">Reconegut en</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="datasortkey" data-sort-value="Itàlia"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Flag_of_Italy.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bandièra d'Itàlia"><img alt="Bandièra d'Itàlia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/20px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/30px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/It%C3%A0lia" title="Itàlia">Itàlia</a></span> <small>(sos tutèla coma lenga minoritària nacionala dins las soas airas de difusion dins las Valadas Occitanas e a La Gàrdia)</small><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; background:#eeeeee">Acadèmia</th><td class="infobox-data"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conselh_de_la_Lenga_Occitana" title="Conselh de la Lenga Occitana">Conselh de la Lenga Occitana</a> (fondat en 1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academia_Occitana-Consist%C3%B2ri_del_Gai_Saber" title="Academia Occitana-Consistòri del Gai Saber">Academia Occitana-Consistòri del Gai Saber</a> <br />(fondat en 2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congr%C3%A8s_Permanent_de_la_Lenga_Occitana" class="mw-redirect" title="Congrès Permanent de la Lenga Occitana">Congrès Permanent de la Lenga Occitana</a> <br />(fondat en 2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_d%27Estudis_Araneses-Acad%C3%A8mia_Aranesa_de_la_Lenga_Occitana" class="mw-redirect" title="Institut d'Estudis Araneses-Acadèmia Aranesa de la Lenga Occitana">Institut d'Estudis Araneses-Acadèmia Aranesa de la Lenga Occitana</a> <br />(fondat en 2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color:Moccasin">Estatut de conservacion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2433354">.mw-parser-output .flex-container{justify-content:center;display:flex;flex-wrap:nowrap;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .flex-container>div{margin:1px;text-align:left;justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .sk-container{display:flex;width:auto}.mw-parser-output .sk-container>div{margin:1px;text-align:center;float:none}.mw-parser-output .EX-hover:hover{background:black;color:white}.mw-parser-output .CR-hover:hover{background:red;color:black}.mw-parser-output .SE-hover:hover{background:orange;color:black}.mw-parser-output .DE-hover:hover{background:yellow;color:black}.mw-parser-output .VU-hover:hover{background:yellowgreen;color:black}.mw-parser-output .NE-hover:hover{background:silver;color:black}.mw-parser-output .EX-hover a{color:white}.mw-parser-output .EX-hover:hover{color:white}.mw-parser-output .CR-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .CR-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .SE-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .SE-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .DE-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .DE-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .VU-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .VU-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .NE-hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .NE-hover:hover a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .tooltip{position:relative;display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px dotted black}.mw-parser-output .tooltip .tooltiptext{visibility:hidden;width:120px;background-color:#F8F9FB;color:black;line-height:1.2;text-align:center;border-radius:3px;box-shadow:1px 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.35);padding:5px 0;position:absolute;z-index:1;top:150%;left:50%;margin-left:-60px;border:1px solid #C8CBD0;font-size:60%}.mw-parser-output .tooltip .tooltiptext::after{content:"";position:absolute;bottom:100%;left:50%;margin-left:-5px;border-width:5px;border-style:solid;font-size:60%;border-color:transparent transparent #C8CBD0 transparent}.mw-parser-output .tooltip:hover .tooltiptext{visibility:visible;z-index:900}.mw-parser-output .tooltip:hover .tooltiptext{visibility:visible;border:1px solid #C8CBD0;font-size:70%;z-index:900}.mw-parser-output .tooltip .tooltiptext{opacity:0;transition:opacity 0.15s;z-index:900}.mw-parser-output .tooltip:hover .tooltiptext{visibility:visible;opacity:1;z-index:900}</style> <center> <div class="sk-container" style="justify-content: center;"> <div><span style="font-size:90%;"><center><b>Atudat</b></center><br /></span> <a href="/wiki/Categoria:Lenga_m%C3%B2rta" title="Categoria:Lenga mòrta"><div class="EX-hover tooltip" style="display:inline; height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%; border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;"><b>EX</b><span class="tooltiptext"><i>Extinct</i> (Atudat)</span></div></a></div><div><span style="font-size:90%"><center><b>Menaçat</b></center><br /></span> <div style="border-top:2px solid black; border-radius:20%;display:inline;padding-top:1em"> <div class="CR-hover tooltip" style="height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%; display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Categoria:Lengas_en_dangi%C3%A8r_critic_d%27extincion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categoria:Lengas en dangièr critic d'extincion (la pagina existís pas)"><b>CR</b></a><span class="tooltiptext"><i>Critically endangered</i> (En dangièr critic)</span></div> <div class="SE-hover tooltip" style="height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%; display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Categoria:Lengas_gr%C3%A8vament_mena%C3%A7adas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categoria:Lengas grèvament menaçadas (la pagina existís pas)"><b>SE</b></a><span class="tooltiptext"><i>Severely endangered</i> (En dangièr sevèr)</span></div> <div class="DE-hover tooltip" style="height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%;display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Categoria:Lengas_mena%C3%A7adas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categoria:Lengas menaçadas (la pagina existís pas)"><b>DE</b></a><span class="tooltiptext"><i>Devinitely endangered</i> (En dangièr definitiu)</span></div> <div class="VU-hover tooltip" style="height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%; display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;background:yellowgreen"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Categoria:Lengas_vulnerablas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categoria:Lengas vulnerablas (la pagina existís pas)"><b>VU</b></a><span class="tooltiptext"><i>Vulnerable</i> (Vulnerable)</span></div> </div></div><div><span style="font-size:90%"><center><b>Segur</b></center><br /></span> <div class="NE-hover tooltip" style="height:22.5px; width:22.5px; line-height:100%; display:inline;border:1px solid #C8CBD0; border-radius:50%;padding:0.3em;margin:0.2em;"><b>NE</b><span class="tooltiptext"><i>Not Endangered</i> (Non en dangièr)</span></div></div></div> <div style="text-align:left;font-size:90%;margin-top:0.4em; line-height:1.3" class="noarchive"><center><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atl%C3%A0s_de_las_lengas_mena%C3%A7adas_dins_lo_mond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atlàs de las lengas menaçadas dins lo mond (la pagina existís pas)"><b>ICHEL <i>Red Book</i></b></a>: <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/apr/15/language-extinct-endangered">Vulnerable</a></span></span></center> <p>Classada coma lenga <b>vulnerabla</b> (<b>VU</b>) per l'<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atl%C3%A0s_de_las_lengas_mena%C3%A7adas_dins_lo_mond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atlàs de las lengas menaçadas dins lo mond (la pagina existís pas)">Atlàs de las lengas menaçadas dins lo mond</a></i> </p> </div></center> <span style="font-size:80%; line-height:0.3"></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color:Moccasin">Còdis lingüistics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; background:#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639-1">ISO 639-1</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>oc</code> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14185?uselang=oc#P218" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; background:#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>oci</code> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14185?uselang=oc#P219" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; background:#eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>oci</code> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14185?uselang=oc#P220" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; background:#eeeeee">Ethnologue</th><td class="infobox-data"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ethnologue.com/language/oci">oci</a></code> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14185?uselang=oc#P1627" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; background:#eeeeee">Glottolog</th><td class="infobox-data"><code><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/occi1239">occi1239</a></code> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14185?uselang=oc#P1394" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left;width:45%; background:#eeeeee">IETF</th><td class="infobox-data">oc <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14185?uselang=oc#P305" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color:Moccasin">Mapa</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fichi%C3%A8r:Occitan_language_map_1900_(Europe_only).svg&lang=oc" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Occitan_language_map_1900_%28Europe_only%29.svg/langoc-300px-Occitan_language_map_1900_%28Europe_only%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Occitan_language_map_1900_%28Europe_only%29.svg/langoc-450px-Occitan_language_map_1900_%28Europe_only%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Occitan_language_map_1900_%28Europe_only%29.svg/langoc-600px-Occitan_language_map_1900_%28Europe_only%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="502" data-file-height="316" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center">Lo domeni modèrne de la lenga occitana (ca. 1900)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>L' <b>occitan</b> (<span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/77\/Oc-Occitan.ogg\/Oc-Occitan.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Escotar"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"oc","wikibase":"","file":"Oc-Occitan.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/77/Oc-Occitan.ogg/Oc-Occitan.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reprodueix l'àudio" title="Reprodueix l'àudio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Escotar</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Oc-Occitan.ogg" title="Fichièr:Oc-Occitan.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>), o la <b>lenga d'òc</b> (<span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/d9\/Oc-Lenga_d%27%C3%B2c.ogg\/Oc-Lenga_d%27%C3%B2c.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"Escotar"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"oc","wikibase":"","file":"Oc-Lenga d'\u00f2c.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d9/Oc-Lenga_d%27%C3%B2c.ogg/Oc-Lenga_d%27%C3%B2c.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reprodueix l'àudio" title="Reprodueix l'àudio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Escotar</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Oc-Lenga_d%27%C3%B2c.ogg" title="Fichièr:Oc-Lenga d'òc.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>), es una <a href="/wiki/Lenga_romanica" class="mw-redirect" title="Lenga romanica">lenga romanica</a> parlada en <a href="/wiki/Occit%C3%A0nia" title="Occitània">Occitània</a> e pels occitans emigrats de pel mond. Es una lenga fòrça similara al <a href="/wiki/Catalan" title="Catalan">catalan</a> que d'unes an pogut considerar aquel coma un dialècte<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>L'occitan coneguèt son epòca daurada entre los sègles XI e XIII gràcias a sa literatura e subretot las composicions dels <a href="/wiki/Trobador" title="Trobador">trobadors</a> que coneguèron de succès per tota <a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B2pa" title="Euròpa">Euròpa</a>. </p><p>Sens estat per encoratjar la transmission e ne far la valorizacion, patís la politica lingüicida de l'Estat francés, mas tanben la passivitat de <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3negue" title="Mónegue">Mónegue</a> e de l'<a href="/wiki/It%C3%A0lia" title="Itàlia">Estat italian</a>. Sonque lo Principat de <a href="/wiki/Catalonha" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Catalonha">Catalonha</a>, dins l'Estat espanhòl, reconeis l’occitan coma lenga oficiala, e pròpria de la <a href="/wiki/Val_d%27Aran" title="Val d'Aran">Val d'Aran</a>, que l'ensenhament public l'i generaliza. </p><p>Amb aquò, la lenga es grèvament menaçada. Se pensa uòi que mens de 700 000 adultes en França l'an plan apresa al près de lors parents e mens de 200 000 la parlan de longa e aital la transmeton a la generacion que seguís<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nom">Nom</h2></div> <p>Los sols sinonims que s’emplegan correntament, uèi, son <i><b>occitan</b></i> (lo pus frequent) e <i><b>lenga d’òc</b></i> (un pauc mens frequent). Aquestes dos noms, apareguts a la fin del sègle XIII, venon de l’advèrbi afirmatiu <i>òc</i>: a l’<a href="/wiki/Edat_Mejana" title="Edat Mejana">Edat Mejana</a> serviguèt per distinguir la <i>lenga d’òc</i> o <i>occitan</i>, la <i>lenga de sì</i> o <i>italian</i> e la <i>lenga d’oïl</i> o <i>francés</i> (en essent <i>oïl</i> la forma anciana per <i>oui</i> en <a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">francés</a> modèrne). </p><p>Lo mot <i><b>provençal</b></i> (var. <i><b>provençau</b></i>)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a pogut designar l'« occitan » dins sa totalitat, sustot al <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_XIII" title="Sègle XIII">sègle XIII</a> e tanben als <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_XIX" title="Sègle XIX">sègles XIX</a> e <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_XX" title="Sègle XX">XX</a> (mai que mai en filologia e dins qualques cases es encara servat aital uèi). Aquel sens es vengut rar dempuèi los ans <a href="/wiki/1960" class="mw-redirect" title="1960">1960</a>. Lo tèrme <i><a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7al" class="mw-redirect" title="Provençal">provençal</a></i> designa ara, subretot, lo dialècte occitan que se parla en <a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7a" title="Provença">Provença</a>. </p><p>D’autres sinonims d’« occitan », ara desapareguts de l’usatge, foguèron <i><b>lemosin</b></i><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> al sègle XIII, <i><b>gascon</b></i> als sègles XVI, XVII e XVIII<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <b>lengadocian</b> als sègles XVIII e XIX. Uèi <i>lemosin</i> designa sonque lo dialècte occitan del nòrd-oèst; <i><a href="/wiki/Gascon" title="Gascon">gascon</a></i> designa sonque lo dialècte del sud-oèst; <i><a href="/wiki/Lengadocian" title="Lengadocian">lengadocian</a></i> designa sonque lo dialècte del centre-sud. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Localizacion">Localizacion</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Occitan_language_map_1900_(Europe_only_with_numbered_exclaves).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Occitan_language_map_1900_%28Europe_only_with_numbered_exclaves%29.svg/220px-Occitan_language_map_1900_%28Europe_only_with_numbered_exclaves%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Occitan_language_map_1900_%28Europe_only_with_numbered_exclaves%29.svg/330px-Occitan_language_map_1900_%28Europe_only_with_numbered_exclaves%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Occitan_language_map_1900_%28Europe_only_with_numbered_exclaves%29.svg/440px-Occitan_language_map_1900_%28Europe_only_with_numbered_exclaves%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="502" data-file-height="316" /></a><figcaption>Lo domeni de l’occitan amb las exclavas a l’entorn de 1900. <br />1 <a href="/wiki/La_Bastida_de_Claren%C3%A7a" title="La Bastida de Clarença">La Bastida de Clarença</a> <br />2 <a href="/wiki/La_G%C3%A0rdia" title="La Gàrdia">La Gàrdia</a> <br />3 <a href="/wiki/Sent_Eutr%C3%B2pi" title="Sent Eutròpi">Sent Eutròpi</a> (Montmaureu) <br />4 <a href="/wiki/Los_Passatges" title="Los Passatges">Los Passatges</a> <br />5 <a href="/wiki/Sant_Sixt_dels_Valdeses" title="Sant Sixt dels Valdeses">Sant Sixt dels Valdeses</a> (San Vicenzo la Costa) <br />6 <a href="/wiki/Gro%C3%9Fvillars" title="Großvillars">Großvillars</a> (Oberderdingen) <br />7 <a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%B6nenberg" title="Schönenberg">Schönenberg</a> (Ötisheim) <br />8 <a href="/wiki/Serres" class="mw-disambig" title="Serres">Serres</a> (Wiernsheim) <br />9 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neuhengstett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neuhengstett (la pagina existís pas)">Neuhengstett</a> (Althengstett) </figcaption></figure> <p>L’occitan es o èra parlat dins cinc estats europèus: </p> <ul><li>dins l’estat francés, dins tot o part de 39 departaments</li> <li>dins l’estat italian, dins las valadas del Piemont occidental, mas tanben en Calàbria</li> <li>dins l’estat espanhòl, dins la val d’Aran e tanben al Passatge (fins a la mitat del s. XX)</li> <li>dins l’estat moneguièr</li> <li>dins l’estat alemand (se parlava encara dins 4 colonias valdesas a la mitat del s. XX)</li></ul> <p>Es tanben parlat otramar: </p> <ul><li>dins la ciutat de Colonia Valdense, en Uruguai</li> <li>dins la ciutat de Valdese, als Estats Units</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Situacion_sociala">Situacion sociala</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Substitucion_e_renaissentisme">Substitucion e renaissentisme</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Besi%C3%A8rs17march2007.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Besi%C3%A8rs17march2007.JPG/250px-Besi%C3%A8rs17march2007.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Besi%C3%A8rs17march2007.JPG/330px-Besi%C3%A8rs17march2007.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Besi%C3%A8rs17march2007.JPG/500px-Besi%C3%A8rs17march2007.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a><figcaption>Manifestacion de 20 000 personas per l'occitan a Besièrs en 2007.</figcaption></figure> <p>Ara s'estima que sus una populacion de 16 o 17 milions d'occitans, son entre 110 000 e 580 000 los que son capables de parlar l'occitan correntament, mas las ocasions de lo parlar dins la societat son raras. Aquela reculada, sensibla dempuèi lo començament del sègle XX, es causada per una <a href="/wiki/Diglossia" title="Diglossia">diglossia</a> al profièch del <a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">francés</a>, de l'<a href="/wiki/Italian" title="Italian">italian</a> e de l'<a href="/wiki/Espanh%C3%B2l" class="mw-redirect" title="Espanhòl">espanhòl</a>; e mai per una politica clara de repression lingüistica dins l'estat francés (vejatz la partida istorica, çai sota). </p><p>Los esfòrces de l'<a href="/wiki/Occitanisme" title="Occitanisme">occitanisme</a> pòdon pas encara inversar la substitucion lingüistica, pasmens i a agut d'avançadas importantas que contribuisson a melhorar l'imatge de la lenga: </p> <ul><li>La creacion literària e musicala en occitan modèrne fa flòri e se renòva sens relambi dempuèi lo sègle XIX.</li> <li>L'occitan es reconegut coma lenga oficiala en <a href="/wiki/Aran" class="mw-redirect" title="Aran">Aran</a> dempuèi <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a> e coma lenga protegida dins las <a href="/wiki/Valadas_Occitanas" title="Valadas Occitanas">Valadas Occitanas</a> e a <a href="/wiki/La_G%C3%A0rdia" title="La Gàrdia">La Gàrdia</a> dempuèi <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>. I a pas de reconeissença oficiala en França e a Mónegue, pasmens existís un ensenhament opcional en França (public o associatiu).</li> <li>Los <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A8dias_occitans" title="Mèdias occitans">mèdias</a> e las edicions en occitan an un impacte modèst mas son divèrses e dinamics, amb un mercat vertadièr.</li> <li>Existís una capacitat de mobilizacion sociala en favor de l'occitan: o an demostrat las grandas <a href="/wiki/Manifestacion_per_l%27occitan" title="Manifestacion per l'occitan">manifestacions nacionalas</a> de Carcassona en <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a> amb 11 000 personas, de Besièrs en <a href="/wiki/2007" class="mw-redirect" title="2007">2007</a> amb 20 000 personas, Carcassona <a href="/wiki/2009" class="mw-redirect" title="2009">2009</a> amb 25 000, Tolosa en <a href="/wiki/2012" class="mw-redirect" title="2012">2012</a> amb 30 000 e Montpelhièr en <a href="/wiki/2015" class="mw-redirect" title="2015">2015</a> amb 15 000.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Estatuts">Estatuts</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Occitan_in_Europe_(XXth-XXIst_c.).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Occitan_in_Europe_%28XXth-XXIst_c.%29.svg/220px-Occitan_in_Europe_%28XXth-XXIst_c.%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Occitan_in_Europe_%28XXth-XXIst_c.%29.svg/330px-Occitan_in_Europe_%28XXth-XXIst_c.%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Occitan_in_Europe_%28XXth-XXIst_c.%29.svg/440px-Occitan_in_Europe_%28XXth-XXIst_c.%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="609" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>L'occitan en Euròpa, sègles XX e XXI.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Europe2005_bossost-aranes1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Europe2005_bossost-aranes1.jpg/220px-Europe2005_bossost-aranes1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Europe2005_bossost-aranes1.jpg/330px-Europe2005_bossost-aranes1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Europe2005_bossost-aranes1.jpg/440px-Europe2005_bossost-aranes1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Senhalizacion oficiala en occitan a Bossòst, Val d'Aran.</figcaption></figure> <p>L'<a class="mw-selflink selflink">occitan</a> conois d'estatuts diferents segon los estats. </p> <ul><li>En <a href="/wiki/Espanha" title="Espanha">Espanha</a>, es reconegut coma <b><a href="/wiki/Lenga_oficiala" title="Lenga oficiala">lenga oficiala</a></b> dins tota la region de <a href="/wiki/Catalonha_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalonha (region)">Catalonha</a> gràcias a de leis de la region autonòma de <a href="/wiki/Catalonha_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalonha (region)">Catalonha</a> e gràcias a l'estatut d'autonomia locala d'Aran dempuèi <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a> e <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Aital l'occitan benefícia d'un ensenhament sistematic e obligatòri a l'escòla e d'un usatge regular dins l'administracion. Ça que la, l'occitan es <b>cooficial</b> amb lo <a href="/wiki/Catalan" title="Catalan">catalan</a> (lenga oficiala de la region) e amb l'<a href="/wiki/Espanh%C3%B2l" class="mw-redirect" title="Espanhòl">espanhòl</a> (lenga oficiala de l'estat). Malgrat aquela oficialitat, l'occitan subís encara a Aran una <a href="/wiki/Diglossia" title="Diglossia">diglossia</a> al profièch de l'espanhòl que rèsta la lenga mai poderosa.</li> <li>En <a href="/wiki/It%C3%A0lia" title="Itàlia">Itàlia</a>, l'occitan es reconegut coma <b>lenga protegida</b>, pas verament coma "lenga oficiala", gràcias a la lei 482 de <a href="/wiki/1999" title="1999">1999</a>. Aquela permet l'us de l'occitan dins l'ensenhament e la vida publica, mas solament dins las comunas que o desiran, sens caractèr obligatòri ni sistematic. La <a href="/wiki/Diglossia" title="Diglossia">diglossia</a> al profièch de l'italian rèsta fòrta.</li> <li>En <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a" title="França">França</a> e a <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3negue" title="Mónegue">Mónegue</a>, l'occitan a pas lo mendre estatut oficial. La possibilitat d'ensenhar l'occitan dins l'escòla publica francesa existís, coma opcion, e i a doas tres emissions pichonetas en occitan a la television publica (France 3) mas aquò equival pas a un estatut oficial. La <a href="/wiki/Diglossia" title="Diglossia">diglossia</a> al profièch del francés es constanta.</li> <li>Dins la <a href="/wiki/Comunautat_d%27aglomeracion_deu_Bascoat" class="mw-redirect" title="Comunautat d'aglomeracion deu Bascoat">Comunautat d'aglomeracion deu Bascoat</a>, l'occitan es cooficial amb lo francés e lo basco dempuèi lo 23 de junh de <a href="/wiki/2018" class="mw-redirect" title="2018">2018</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>L’occitan es tanben lenga oficiala de la <a href="/wiki/Comunautat_de_Trabalh_dels_Piren%C3%A8us" title="Comunautat de Trabalh dels Pirenèus">Comunautat de Trabalh dels Pirenèus</a> e de l’<a href="/wiki/Euroregion_Piren%C3%A8us-Mediterran%C3%A8a" class="mw-redirect" title="Euroregion Pirenèus-Mediterranèa">Euroregion Pirenèus-Mediterranèa</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istòria_de_l'occitan"><span id="Ist.C3.B2ria_de_l.27occitan"></span>Istòria de l'occitan</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:BernardDeVentadour.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/BernardDeVentadour.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="300" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Lo <a href="/wiki/Trobador" title="Trobador">trobador</a> Bernat de Ventadorn</figcaption></figure> <p>L'occitan, son nom li ven de l'advèrbi afirmatiu <i>òc</i> (del <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latin</a> <i>hoc</i>) que li es pròpri. </p><p>Lo <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latin</a> venguèt sul territòri actual occitan amb las armadas romanas dins lo periòde entre <a href="/wiki/-118" class="mw-redirect" title="-118">118</a> e <a href="/wiki/-52" class="mw-redirect" title="-52">52</a> abC. Se sap pas quora la latinizacion foguèt acabada mas sembla que i aguèt de diferéncias regionalas plan grandas: cèrtas regions occitanas perifericas (dins los <a href="/wiki/Piren%C3%A8us" title="Pirenèus">Pirenèus</a>) aurián poscut èsser latinizadas, o mai romanizadas, als <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_VIII" title="Sègle VIII">sègle VIII</a> e <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_IX" title="Sègle IX">IX</a> apC., mentre que <a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7a" title="Provença">Provença</a> e lo Bas <a href="/wiki/Lengad%C3%B2c" title="Lengadòc">Lengadòc</a> o foguèron al sègle I apC. </p><p>Certans lingüistas, dins una concepcion teleologica dels territòris politics actuals (mite de l'apertenéncia exclusiva al <a href="/wiki/Galloromanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Galloromanic">galloromanic</a>, vejatz çai subre), se son particularament interessats a la biparticion lingüistica de las <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A0llia" title="Gàllia">Gàllias</a> entre occitan e francés. Per explicar lo fach qu'existisson doas lengas plan diferentas, s'es avançat mantun argument: </p> <ul><li>La celtizacion mendre dels territòris occitans e lo pes dels pòbles preceltics (teoria del substrat).</li> <li>La germanizacion mendre dels territòris occitans (teoria de l'adstrat).</li> <li>Una difusion de varietats diferentas del <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latin tardiu</a> al sud e al nòrd de las Gàllias.</li></ul> <p>L'occitan es nascut a partir del <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latin</a> vèrs lo sègle VIII apC e foguèt la lenga majoritària de la populacion fins al començament del sègle XX. L'occitan laissèt de traças importantas dins los documents en latin tre lo sègle IX e los primièrs documents escriches tot en occitan apareguèron a la fin del sègle X. Entre los sègles X e XV, l'occitan foguèt la lenga dominanta dins la cultura, l'administracion e las sciéncias e sol lo <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latin</a> li faguèt un pauc concurréncia. Lo periòde dels <a href="/wiki/Trobadors" class="mw-redirect" title="Trobadors">trobadors</a>, als sègles XII e XIII, enaucèt fòrça lo prestigi de l'occitan dins Euròpa tota. </p><p>A partir de la fin del sègle XV (e tre lo sègle XIII dins lo <a href="/wiki/Creissent" title="Creissent">Creissent</a>), lo <a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">francés</a> penetrèt en Occitània coma lenga del poder politic e del prestigi cultural al detriment de l'occitan. Ansin comencèt la <a href="/wiki/Diglossia" title="Diglossia">diglossia</a> o subordinacion lingüistica. Aquò s'accentuèt al sègle XVI amb l'imposicion del <a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">francés</a> e de l'<a href="/wiki/Italian" title="Italian">italian</a> coma solas lengas oficialas dins los territòris occitans someses al reialme de França o al ducat italianizat de <a href="/wiki/Sav%C3%B2ia" title="Savòia">Savòia</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:%C3%92c_per_l%27occitan.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/oc/thumb/9/93/%C3%92c_per_l%27occitan.PNG/220px-%C3%92c_per_l%27occitan.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="199" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/oc/9/93/%C3%92c_per_l%27occitan.PNG 1.5x" data-file-width="274" data-file-height="248" /></a><figcaption>Aficha per la manifestacion de Besièrs de 2007.</figcaption></figure> <p>Pasmens l'occitan demorèt la sola lenga de las classas popularas, se parlava parcialament dins las classas nautas (malgrat la dominacion del francés e de l'italian) e contunhèt de beneficiar d'una literatura productiva. En <a href="/wiki/Bearn" title="Bearn">Bearn</a> l'occitan foguèt oficialament emplegat dins los actes juridics e parlamentaris fins a la <a href="/wiki/Revolucion_Francesa" title="Revolucion Francesa">Revolucion</a>. </p><p>En literatura, malgrat la dominacion del francés s'escriguèt e s'estampèt fòrça en occitan durant tot lo periòde literari designat jos lo nom de <b>barròc occitan</b> amb d'autors com <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8ir_de_Garr%C3%B2s" title="Pèir de Garròs">Pèir de Garròs</a>, <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8ire_Godolin" title="Pèire Godolin">Pèire Godolin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lo%C3%ADs_Bellaud" title="Loís Bellaud">Bellaud de la Bellaudiera</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s_de_Corteta" title="Francés de Corteta">Francés de Corteta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joan_Enric_de_Fondevila" title="Joan Enric de Fondevila">Joan Enric de Fondevila</a> e <a href="/wiki/Joan_Baptista_Fabre" title="Joan Baptista Fabre">Joan Baptista Fabre</a>. </p><p>La literatura occitana del sègle XIX foguèt marcada per una renaissença de las letras d'òc preparada entre d'autres per l'escrivan <a href="/wiki/Agen" title="Agen">agenés</a> <a href="/wiki/Jansemin" class="mw-disambig" title="Jansemin">Jansemin</a> e puèi per <a href="/wiki/Frederic_Mistral" title="Frederic Mistral">Frederic Mistral</a> e los autres escrivans del <a href="/wiki/Felibritge" title="Felibritge">Felibritge</a>. </p><p>Aital l'occitan beneficièt d'una renaissença culturala e d'un movement de revendicacion qu'òm pòt sonar <a href="/wiki/Occitanisme" title="Occitanisme">occitanisme</a> al sens larg. Pasmens, l'occitan a reculat dins l'usatge a partir dels ans 1920-1950: dempuèi a cessat d'èsser la lenga majoritària. Coneis un perilh grèu de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Substitucion_ling%C3%BCistica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Substitucion lingüistica (la pagina existís pas)">substitucion lingüistica</a> e cedís lo terren davant lo <a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">francés</a> en Occitània Granda e a <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3negue" title="Mónegue">Mónegue</a>, davant l'<a href="/wiki/Italian" title="Italian">italian</a> dins las <a href="/wiki/Valadas_Occitanas" title="Valadas Occitanas">Valadas Occitanas</a> e davant l'<a href="/wiki/Espanh%C3%B2l" class="mw-redirect" title="Espanhòl">espanhòl</a> en <a href="/wiki/Aran" class="mw-redirect" title="Aran">Aran</a>. </p><p>Al costat d'aquò, lo movement <a href="/wiki/Occitanisme" title="Occitanisme">occitanista</a> contunha de revendicar una plaça digna per l'occitan e assaja de ne far tornarmai una lenga de comunicacion, amb qualques avançadas parcialas (vejatz çai subre "Situacion sociala"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classificacion">Classificacion</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Occitan_Lenga_Oficiala.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Occitan_Lenga_Oficiala.jpg/220px-Occitan_Lenga_Oficiala.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Occitan_Lenga_Oficiala.jpg/330px-Occitan_Lenga_Oficiala.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Occitan_Lenga_Oficiala.jpg/440px-Occitan_Lenga_Oficiala.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Manifestacion per l'occitan en 2005.</figcaption></figure> <p>La sola classificacion incontestada es aquela: l'occitan fa partida de las <b><a href="/wiki/Lengas_romanicas" title="Lengas romanicas">lengas romanicas</a></b> (eissidas del <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latin</a>), que son una branca de las <b><a href="/wiki/Lengas_italicas" title="Lengas italicas">lengas italicas</a></b> (latin e divèrsas lengas anticas d'Itàlia), que son a lor torn una branca de las <b><a href="/wiki/Lengas_indoeurop%C3%A8as" class="mw-redirect" title="Lengas indoeuropèas">lengas indoeuropèas</a></b>. </p><p>Segon lo lingüista <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph_Greenberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph Greenberg (la pagina existís pas)">Joseph Greenberg</a>, es possible d'integrar l'indoeuropèu dins una superfamilha encara pus larga e pus anciana, la de las <a href="/wiki/Lengas_eurasiaticas" title="Lengas eurasiaticas">lengas eurasiaticas</a>, mas aquela concepcion es pas acceptada per totes los lingüistas. </p><p>Dintre las <a href="/wiki/Lengas_romanicas" title="Lengas romanicas">lengas romanicas</a>, las classificacions an pogut variar segon los autors. Mas dempuèi lo lingüista <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8ire_B%C3%A8c" title="Pèire Bèc">Pèire Bèc</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, los especialistas son consents per dire que l'occitan amb lo <a href="/wiki/Catalan" title="Catalan">catalan</a>, sa lenga bessona, constituisson un grop pròpri, l'<b><a href="/wiki/Occitanoromanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Occitanoromanic">occitanoromanic</a></b>, que fa una transicion entre dos autres grops pus periferics: lo <a href="/wiki/Galloromanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Galloromanic">galloromanic</a> e l'<a href="/wiki/Iberoromanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Iberoromanic">iberoromanic</a>. Es tanben prepausat que l'<a href="/wiki/Aragon%C3%A9s" title="Aragonés">aragonés</a>, fòrça mai similar al catalan e al gascon a l'<a href="/wiki/Edat_Mejana" title="Edat Mejana">Edat Mejana</a> qu'auèi, es tanben una lenga occitanoromanica. </p><p>Se pòt pensar qu'en mai dels arguments scientifics, de presupausats ideologics son a la basa de la causida de certanas classificacions ancianas. Una vièlha classificacion, ara perimida, metiá l'occitan exclusivament dins lo <a href="/wiki/Galloromanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Galloromanic">galloromanic</a> e lo catalan exclusivament dins l'<a href="/wiki/Iberoromanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Iberoromanic">iberoromanic</a>. Aquela vision vièlha a pas pus la mendre justificacion scientifica car nega la coesion tras que fòrta qu'unís l'occitan e lo catalan dins un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diasist%C3%A8ma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diasistèma (la pagina existís pas)">diasistèma</a> comun: occitan e catalan son pus pròches entre eles que o son de tota autra lenga. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Caracteristicas_estructuralas">Caracteristicas estructuralas</h2></div> <p>Per mai de detalhs, se pòt consultar las presentacions de <a href="/wiki/Juli_Ronjat" title="Juli Ronjat">Juli Ronjat</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> e <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8ire_B%C3%A8c" title="Pèire Bèc">Pèire Bèc</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Las afinitats de l'occitan existisson bèl primièr amb lo <a href="/wiki/Catalan" title="Catalan">catalan</a> en general. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fonologia">Fonologia</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Felibre_1854.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Felibre_1854.jpg/250px-Felibre_1854.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Felibre_1854.jpg/330px-Felibre_1854.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Felibre_1854.jpg 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="335" /></a><figcaption>Fondacion dau <a href="/wiki/Felibritge" title="Felibritge">Felibritge</a> en 1854</figcaption></figure> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/wiki/Fonologia_de_l%27occitan" title="Fonologia de l'occitan">Fonologia de l'occitan</a>.</div> L'accent tonic a una mobilitat limitada: pòt tombar sonque <ul><li>sus la darrièra sillaba (mots oxitòns o aguts)</li> <li>l'avantdarrièra sillaba (mots paroxitòns o plans).</li> <li>Pasmens, en <a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A7ard" title="Niçard">niçard</a>, e pus rarament en <a href="/wiki/Cisaupenc" class="mw-redirect" title="Cisaupenc">cisaupenc</a> (<a href="/wiki/Valadas_Occitanas" title="Valadas Occitanas">Valadas Occitanas</a>), l'accent tonic pòt tombar tanben sus l'antepenultima (mots proparoxitòns o esdrúchols).</li></ul><table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><i><b>VOCALAS<br />EN GENERAL</b></i> </th> <th colspan="2">anterioras </th> <th colspan="1">centralas </th> <th colspan="1">posterioras </th></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <th>non<br />arredondidas </th> <th>arredondidas </th> <th>non<br />arredondidas </th> <th>arredondidas </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>barradas</b> </td> <td align="center"><small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">/i/</a></span> </td> <td align="center"><small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">/y/</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td align="center"><small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">/u/</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>semibarradas</b> </td> <td align="center"><small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">/e/</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>semidobèrtas</b> </td> <td align="center"><small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">/ɛ/</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="center"><small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">/ɔ/</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>dobèrtas</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="center"><small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">/a/</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Regionalament, existisson tanben los fonèmas <small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">/œ/</a></span> e <small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">/ə/</a></span>. </p><p>Cal senhalar lo fenomèn de l'<i>alternància vocalica</i>. En posicion atòna, certanas vocalas son impossiblas e se transforman en vocalas pus barradas: </p> <ul><li>La vocala tonica <small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">/ɛ/</a></span> se transforma en la vocala atòna <small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">/e/</a></span>.</li> <li>La vocala tonica <small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">/ɔ/</a></span> se transforma en la vocala atòna <small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">/u/</a></span>.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th><i><b>CONSONANTAS <br />EN GENERAL</b></i> </th> <th colspan="2">labialas </th> <th colspan="2">dentalas e<br />alveolaras </th> <th colspan="2">palatalas </th> <th colspan="2">velaras </th></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <th><b>sordas</b> </th> <th><b>sonòras</b> </th> <th><b>sordas</b> </th> <th><b>sonòras</b> </th> <th><b>sordas</b> </th> <th><b>sonòras</b> </th> <th><b>sordas</b> </th> <th><b>sonòras</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>oclusivas</b> </td> <td align="center"><small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">/p/</a></span> </td> <td align="center"><small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">/b/</a></span> </td> <td align="center"><small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">/t/</a></span> </td> <td align="center"><small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">/d/</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="center"><small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">/k/</a></span> </td> <td align="center"><small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">/g/</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>fricativas</b> </td> <td align="center"><small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">/f/</a></span> </td> <td align="center"><small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">(/v/)</a></span> </td> <td align="center"><small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">/s/</a></span> </td> <td align="center"><small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">/z/</a></span> </td> <td align="center"><small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">(/ʃ/)</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>africadas</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="center"><small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">/ts/</a></span> </td> <td align="center"><small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">(/dz/)</a></span> </td> <td align="center"><small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">/tʃ/</a></span> </td> <td align="center"><small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">/dʒ/</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>nasalas</b> </td> <td> </td> <td align="center"><small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">/m/</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td align="center"><small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">/n/</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td align="center"><small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">/ɲ/</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>lateralas</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="center"><small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">/l/</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td align="center"><small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">/ʎ/</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>vibrantas</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="center"><small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">/rr/</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>batudas</b> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="center"><small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">/r/</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>glides</b> </td> <td> </td> <td align="center"><small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">/w/, /ɥ/</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td align="center"><small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">/j/</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Regionalament, existisson tanben los fonèmas <small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">/ʀ/</a></span>, <small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">/h/</a></span> e <small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">/ʒ/</a></span>. </p><p>La distincion entre <small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">/v/</a></span> e <small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">/b/</a></span> es generala en <a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7al" class="mw-redirect" title="Provençal">provençal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vivaroalpenc" class="mw-redirect" title="Vivaroalpenc">vivaroalpenc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auvernhat" title="Auvernhat">auvernhat</a> e <a href="/wiki/Lemosin_(dial%C3%A8cte)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemosin (dialècte)">lemosin</a>. Per contra, en <a href="/wiki/Lengadocian" title="Lengadocian">lengadocian</a> e <a href="/wiki/Gascon" title="Gascon">gascon</a>, los fonèmas <small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">/b/</a></span> e <small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">/v/</a></span> se son neutralizats en <small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">/b/</a></span> (donc <small></small><span style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, Gentium, Lucida Grande, Lucida Sans Unicode, TITUS Cyberbit Basic;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:AFI" title="Ajuda:AFI">/v/</a></span> a desparegut). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Evolucion_fonetica">Evolucion fonetica</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Mistral_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_17293.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Mistral_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_17293.jpg/220px-Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Mistral_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_17293.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Mistral_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_17293.jpg/330px-Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Mistral_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_17293.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Mistral_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_17293.jpg 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>L'escrivan <a href="/wiki/Frederic_Mistral" title="Frederic Mistral">Frederic Mistral</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><i>U</i> passa al son [y] (regionalament [œ]). Es un ponch comun amb lo dialècte <a href="/wiki/Catalan" title="Catalan">catalan</a> <a href="/wiki/Capcin%C3%A9s" title="Capcinés">capcinés</a> ([œ]), lo <a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">francés</a> ([y]), lo <a href="/wiki/Francoproven%C3%A7al" title="Francoprovençal">francoprovençal</a> ([y]), lo <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B2rd-italian" class="mw-redirect" title="Nòrd-italian">nòrd-italian</a> ([y]) e una partida del <a href="/w/index.php?title=Retoromanic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Retoromanic (la pagina existís pas)">retoromanic</a> ([y]). Es una diferéncia amb la majoritat de las lengas romanicas ont <i>u</i> se pronóncia [u].</li> <li>Las vocalas completament nasalizadas son inexistentas o pauc desvolopadas dins la majoritat dels parlars. Es un ponch comun amb la majoritat de las lengas romanicas e una diferéncia amb lo <a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">francés</a>, lo <a href="/wiki/Francoproven%C3%A7al" title="Francoprovençal">francoprovençal</a> e lo <a href="/wiki/Portugu%C3%A9s" title="Portugués">portugués</a>.</li> <li>Las vocalas romanicas <i>è, ò</i> (tonicas e dobèrtas) an evolucionat vèrs de diftongs davant un iòd [j] o davant un oau [w]: <i>è</i> es vengut <i>iè (ie)</i> e <i>ò</i> es vengut <i>uò (uè, ue)</i> : <i>vèlh > vièlh</i>, <i>nòch (nòit) > nuèch (nuèit/nuòch)</i>.</li> <li>La vocala romanica [o] barrada a evolucionat vèrs lo son [u]: <i>flor</i> [ˈflur]. Es un ponch comun amb certans dialèctes vesins <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B2rd-italian" class="mw-redirect" title="Nòrd-italian">nòrd-italians</a> e <a href="/wiki/Catalan" title="Catalan">catalans</a> mas es una diferéncia amb la majoritat de las lengas romanicas.</li> <li>La vocala [a] tonica se manten fòrça ben: latin <i>pratu</i> > occitan <i>prat</i>. Certans parlars occitans pauc estenduts pòdon conéisser una palatalizacion leugièra de [a] vèrs [æ] o [ɛ], mas aquò es un fenomèn superficial que borrola pas l'equilibri general de la fonologia. Aquel conservatisme de [a] en occitan es comun amb la majoritat de las lengas romanicas. Es una diferéncia amb las evolucions radicalas del <a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">francés</a> e del <a href="/wiki/Francoproven%C3%A7al" title="Francoprovençal">francoprovençal</a> que palatizan e diftongan [a] de manièra sistematica vèrs [ɛ, jɛ] dins certans entorns fonetics.</li> <li>Las vocalas pòstonicas son solidas e variadas: <i>-a</i> (prononciada [ɔ, a, ə] segon las regions); <i>-e</i>; <i>-i</i>; <i>-o</i> (prononciada [u]); e tanben en <a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A7ard" title="Niçard">niçard</a> <i>-u</i> (prononciada [y]). Es un ponch comun amb un grand nombre de lengas romanicas mas es una diferéncia amb lo <a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">francés</a> qu'elimina totas las vocalas pòstonicas (o ben que las neutraliza en [ə]) e que tend a pèrdre l'accent tonic. Per ex. occitan <i>pòrta</i> [ˈpɔrtɔ], <i>astre</i> [ˈastre], <i>òli</i> [ˈɔli], <i>cigarro</i> [siˈɣarru] (e en niçard <i>aquelu</i> [aˈkely]), de comparar amb lo francés <i>porte</i> [pɔʁt], <i>astre</i> [astʁ], <i>huile</i> [ɥil], <i>cigare</i> [sigaʁ].</li> <li>Las vocalas pretonicas son solidas en general e se sèrvan ben, coma dins la majoritat de las lengas romanicas e a la diferéncia del <a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">francés</a>: occitan <i>petita</i> [peˈtitɔ], francés <i>petite</i> [ptit].</li> <li>Los proparoxitòns (mots accentuats sus l'avant-avantdarrièra sillaba) an desparegut dins la granda majoritat dels dialèctes occitans, exceptat en <a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A7ard" title="Niçard">niçard</a> e en <a href="/wiki/Cisalpenc" class="mw-redirect" title="Cisalpenc">cisalpenc</a>: <i><b>a</b>rma, pag<b>i</b>na</i> (niçard e cisalpenc: <i><b>à</b>nima, p<b>à</b>gina</i>). La desparicion dels proparoxitòns es un ponch comun amb lo <a href="/wiki/Catalan" title="Catalan">catalan</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosselhon%C3%A9s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rosselhonés (la pagina existís pas)">rosselhonés</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Aragon%C3%A9s" title="Aragonés">aragonés</a>, lo <a href="/wiki/Francoproven%C3%A7al" title="Francoprovençal">francoprovençal</a> e lo <a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">francés</a>; e es una diferéncia amb la majoritat del <a href="/wiki/Catalan" title="Catalan">catalan</a> e amb las autras lengas romanicas.</li> <li>La vocala <i>o</i> atòna es vengua [u], coma dins una part del <a href="/wiki/Catalan" title="Catalan">catalan</a>, del <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B2rd-italian" class="mw-redirect" title="Nòrd-italian">nòrd-italian</a> e del <a href="/wiki/Portugu%C3%A9s" title="Portugués">portugués</a> (e dins certans mots del <a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">francés</a>): <i>port<b>a</b>r</i> [purˈta], <i>cig<b>a</b>rro</i> [siˈɣarru].</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Morfologia">Morfologia</h3></div> <ul><li>Las terminasons verbalas rèstan pro diferenciadas, gràcias a l'eiretatge del latin, e fan que los <a href="/wiki/Pronom" title="Pronom">pronoms</a> personals subjèctes son pas necessaris (levat dins una franja estrecha tot al nòrd del domeni occitan). Es un ponch comun amb la majoritat de las lengas romanicas, mas una diferéncia amb lo <a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">francés</a>, lo <a href="/wiki/Francoproven%C3%A7al" title="Francoprovençal">francoprovençal</a>, lo <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B2rd-italian" class="mw-redirect" title="Nòrd-italian">nòrd-italian</a> e lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Retoromanic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Retoromanic (la pagina existís pas)">retoromanic</a>. Ex. occitan <i>parli</i>, francés <i><b>je</b> parle</i>.</li> <li>Lo preterit de l'indicatiu e l'imperfach del subjontiu s'utilizan sistematicament, coma dins la majoritat de las lengas romanicas, mas a la diferéncia del <a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">francés</a> (lo <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B2rd-italian" class="mw-redirect" title="Nòrd-italian">nòrd-italian</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Italian" title="Italian">italian</a> e lo <a href="/wiki/Roman%C3%A9s" title="Romanés">romanés</a> tendon a abandonar lo preterit dins de mesuras variadas).</li> <li>S'utiliza lo subjontiu dins las interdiccions (imperatiu negatiu), mentre que s'es perdut en <a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">francés</a>, en <a href="/wiki/Francoproven%C3%A7al" title="Francoprovençal">francoprovençal</a> e en <a href="/wiki/Italian" title="Italian">italian</a>: <i>parles pas</i>.</li> <li>Las particulas pronominalas <i>ne (en, n')</i> (del latin <i>inde</i>) e <i>i</i> (del latin <i>ibi</i>) s'utilizan fòrça en occitan, coma dins la majoritat de las lengas romanicas (<a href="/wiki/Catalan" title="Catalan">catalan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aragon%C3%A9s" title="Aragonés">aragonés</a>, <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B2rd-italian" class="mw-redirect" title="Nòrd-italian">nòrd-italian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian" title="Italian">italian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francoproven%C3%A7al" title="Francoprovençal">francoprovençal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">francés</a>, etc.), mentre qu'an desparegut en <a href="/wiki/Castelhan" class="mw-redirect" title="Castelhan">castelhan</a> e en <a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A8goportugu%C3%A9s" title="Galègoportugués">galègoportugués</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lexic">Lexic</h3></div> <p>Lo lexic occitan presenta d'afinitats amb totas las lengas romanicas vesinas: <a href="/wiki/Catalan" title="Catalan">catalan</a> subretot, mas tanben <a href="/wiki/Aragon%C3%A9s" title="Aragonés">aragonés</a>, <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B2rd-italian" class="mw-redirect" title="Nòrd-italian">nòrd-italian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francoproven%C3%A7al" title="Francoprovençal">francoprovençal</a> e <a href="/wiki/Franc%C3%A9s" title="Francés">francés</a>. Tanben ten certanas racinas comunas amb lo <a href="/wiki/Basco" class="mw-redirect" title="Basco">basco</a> qu'es pas una lenga romanica. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sintaxi">Sintaxi</h3></div> <p>Se reportar a la tresena partida de la <a href="/wiki/Gramatica_occitana_segon_los_parlars_lengadocians" title="Gramatica occitana segon los parlars lengadocians">Gramatica occitana segon los parlars lengadocians</a> de <a href="/wiki/Lo%C3%ADs_Alib%C3%A8rt" title="Loís Alibèrt">Loís Alibèrt</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Codificacion">Codificacion</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Estandardizacion">Estandardizacion</h3></div> <div class="bandeau-section bandeau-niveau-detail loupe">Article detalhat: <a href="/wiki/Occitan_larg" class="mw-redirect" title="Occitan larg">occitan larg</a>.</div> <p>L'<b><a href="/wiki/Occitan_larg" class="mw-redirect" title="Occitan larg">occitan larg</a></b>, nommat tanben <b>occitan estandard</b> o <b>occitan referencial</b> (var. <b>-au</b>) es una varietat estandard de la lenga <a class="mw-selflink selflink">occitana</a>. Se desvolopa dins l'encastre de la <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B2rma_classica" title="Nòrma classica">nòrma classica</a> dempuèi los ans 1970 e sa fixacion es pro avançada uèi. Se basa sus la convergéncia de totes los dialèctes de l'occitan, reconeis la plaça centrala del dialècte lengadocian mas prevei tanben d'adaptacions regionalas (segon los grands dialèctes) que rèstan convergentas entre elas : aqueles "estandards regionals" son en via de fixacion mai o mens avançada segon las regions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grafia">Grafia</h3></div> <p>A l'Edat Mejana l'occitan s'escriviá d'un biais pro unificat e autoctòn que se sona <b><a href="/wiki/Grafia_classica" title="Grafia classica">grafia classica</a></b>. </p><p>Amb la pèrda progressiva de prestigi de la lenga e de tot estatut oficial, aquela tradicion grafica autoctòna se perdèt dins un periòde entre <a href="/wiki/1460" class="mw-redirect" title="1460">1460</a> e <a href="/wiki/1530" class="mw-redirect" title="1530">1530</a> segon las regions (mas tre la segonda mitat del <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_XIII" title="Sègle XIII">sègle XIII</a> dins lo <a href="/wiki/Creissent" title="Creissent">Creissent</a>; en <a href="/wiki/Bearn" title="Bearn">Bearn</a> per contra la tradicion de la grafia classica s'esperlonguèt fins en <a href="/wiki/1789" class="mw-redirect" title="1789">1789</a>). L'occitan, ça que la, contunhèt de s'escriure de longa durant los sègles XVI a XVIII mas segon un fais de principis diferents d'autor a autor: èran de grafias afrancesadas (o italianizadas al <a href="/wiki/Pa%C3%ADs_Ni%C3%A7ard" class="mw-redirect" title="País Niçard">País Niçard</a>). </p><p>En <a href="/wiki/1803" class="mw-redirect" title="1803">1803</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B2ni_Fabre_d%27Olivet" title="Antòni Fabre d'Olivet">Fabre d'Olivet</a> foguèt lo primièr a prepausar de restaurar la <b><a href="/wiki/Grafia_classica" title="Grafia classica">grafia classica</a></b>, çò es: un sistèma grafic inspirat del de l'edat mejana. D'autres autors tanben prepausèron la restauracion mai o mens completa de la grafia classica, coma lo provençal <a href="/wiki/Simon_Juda_Onorat" title="Simon Juda Onorat">Simon Juda Onorat</a> en <a href="/wiki/1846" class="mw-redirect" title="1846">1846</a>. </p><p>Mas los primièrs felibres a l'entorn de <a href="/wiki/Frederic_Mistral" title="Frederic Mistral">Frederic Mistral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A8p_Romanilha" title="Josèp Romanilha">Josèp Romanilha</a> e <a href="/wiki/Teod%C3%B2r_Auban%C3%A8u" title="Teodòr Aubanèu">Teodòr Aubanèu</a> ne causiguèron un autre, amb la fondacion del <a href="/wiki/Felibritge" title="Felibritge">Felibritge</a> en <a href="/wiki/1854" class="mw-redirect" title="1854">1854</a>: lor sistèma es apelat <b><a href="/wiki/Grafia_mistralenca" class="mw-redirect" title="Grafia mistralenca">grafia mistralenca</a></b> e pus precisament <b><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B2rma_mistralenca" title="Nòrma mistralenca">nòrma mistralenca</a></b> perque Mistral ne foguèt lo promotor mai celèbre (mas Romanilha l'aviá concebut tre <a href="/wiki/1853" class="mw-redirect" title="1853">1853</a>). Aquel sistèma, basat sus la correspondéncia son/grafia del francés amb d'adaptacions e de manlèus al sistèma grafic de l'edat mejana, aguèt un grand resson. Es la grafia utilizada dins d'òbras de Mistral coma <i><a href="/wiki/Mir%C3%A8lha" title="Mirèlha">Mirèlha</a> <Mirèio></i> e dins <i><a href="/wiki/Lo_Tresaur_dau_Felibritge" title="Lo Tresaur dau Felibritge">Lo Tresaur dau Felibritge</a> <Lou Tresor dóu Felibrige></i>. Concebut per la fonologia del parlar rodanenc emplegat pels primièrs felibres, lo sistèma grafic mistralenc èra plan mens adaptat pels autres dialèctes. Amb la difusion del <a href="/wiki/Felibritge" title="Felibritge">Felibritge</a> fòra de Provença, lo sistèma foguèt donc adaptat o abandonat per d'autres. Un exemple d'adaptacion n'es la <i><a href="/wiki/Grafia_febusiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Grafia febusiana">grafia febusiana</a></i> de l'<a href="/wiki/Esc%C3%B2la_Gaston_Febus" title="Escòla Gaston Febus">escòla Gaston Febus</a>, pel gascon. </p><p>Las idèas de tornar a la <b><a href="/wiki/Grafia_classica" title="Grafia classica">grafia classica</a></b> contunhèron de trabalhar ça que la de longa lo movement renaissentista. En Lemosin, lo felibre <a href="/wiki/Josep_Ros" title="Josep Ros">Josep Ros</a> i trabalhèt en <a href="/wiki/1876" class="mw-redirect" title="1876">1876</a>, seguit pels felibres lengadocians <a href="/wiki/Antonin_Perb%C3%B2sc" title="Antonin Perbòsc">Antonin Perbòsc</a> e <a href="/wiki/Prosp%C3%A8r_Estieu" title="Prospèr Estieu">Prospèr Estieu</a> dins los ans <a href="/wiki/1890" class="mw-redirect" title="1890">1890</a>. Lo lengadocian <a href="/wiki/Lo%C3%ADs_Alib%C3%A8rt" title="Loís Alibèrt">Loís Alibèrt</a>, amb sa <i><a href="/wiki/Gramatica_occitana_segon_los_parlars_lengadocians" title="Gramatica occitana segon los parlars lengadocians">Gramatica occitana segon los parlars lengadocians</a></i> (1935-1937), fixèt mai o mens definitivament los principis d'una grafia englobanta basada sul sistèma grafic autoctòn, dicha desenant <i>grafia classica</i> o <i>alibertina</i>. Aquel trabalh precís de codificacion d'Alibèrt, a l'escrich coma a l'oral, fonda pus precisament la <b><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B2rma_classica" title="Nòrma classica">nòrma classica</a></b>. Se faguèt una adaptacion de la nòrma classica a l'ensems dels dialèctes occitans durant los ans <a href="/wiki/1950" class="mw-redirect" title="1950">1950</a>-<a href="/wiki/1970" class="mw-redirect" title="1970">1970</a>, mai que mai gràcias a las òbras del provençal <a href="/wiki/Rob%C3%A8rt_Lafont" title="Robèrt Lafont">Robèrt Lafont</a>, del gascon <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8ire_B%C3%A8c" title="Pèire Bèc">Pèire Bèc</a> e de l'<a href="/wiki/Institut_d%27Estudis_Occitans" title="Institut d'Estudis Occitans">Institut d'Estudis Occitans</a>. Dempuèi <a href="/wiki/1996" title="1996">1996</a> lo <a href="/wiki/Conselh_de_la_Lenga_Occitana" title="Conselh de la Lenga Occitana">Conselh de la Lenga Occitana</a> (en collaboracion amb lo <a href="/wiki/Gidil%C3%B2c" title="Gidilòc">Gidilòc</a>) preseguís la gestion de la nòrma classica. </p><p>A l'ora d'ara, lo sistèma grafic pus utilizat es lo d'Alibèrt. Ça que la la grafia mistralenca demòra fòrça utilizada en Provença a costat de la grafia classica. </p><p>Tanben cal senhalar doas autras grafias d'impacte mendre: la <b><a href="/wiki/Grafia_bonaudiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Grafia bonaudiana">grafia bonaudiana</a></b>, fondada per <a href="/wiki/Piare_Bonaud" title="Piare Bonaud">Piare Bonaud</a> en <a href="/wiki/1973" title="1973">1973</a>, que fa concurréncia a la grafia classica en <a href="/wiki/Auvernhat" title="Auvernhat">auvernhat</a>, e la <b><a href="/wiki/Grafia_de_l%27Esc%C3%B2la_dau_P%C3%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="Grafia de l'Escòla dau Pò">grafia de l'Escòla dau Pò</a></b>, version simplificada de la grafia mistralenca, que fa concurréncia a la grafia classica dins las <a href="/wiki/Valadas_Occitanas" title="Valadas Occitanas">Valadas Occitanas</a> dempuèi <a href="/wiki/1971" class="mw-redirect" title="1971">1971</a>. </p><p>La grafia es estada, de la fondacion del Felibritge en <a href="/wiki/1854" class="mw-redirect" title="1854">1854</a> e fins a l'ora d'ara, un grand subjècte de polemicas particularament dins las annadas seissanta e setanta del sègle XX. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 0 auto; text-align: center; background-color: #F9F9F9; border: 1px solid #AAA;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Comparason de las doas grafias màgers </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Grafia_classica" title="Grafia classica">Grafia classica</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Grafia_mistralenca" class="mw-redirect" title="Grafia mistralenca">Grafia mistralenca</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 1em 1.5em;"> <p><b>Mirèlha, Cant I (F. Mistral)</b><br /><small>(transcripcion)</small> </p><p>Cante una chata de Provença.<br /> Dins leis amors de sa jovença,<br /> A travèrs de la Crau, vèrs la mar, dins lei blats,<br /> Umble [Umil] escolan dau grand Omèra [Omèr],<br /> Ieu la vòle seguir. Coma èra<br /> Ren qu'una chata de la tèrra,<br /> En fòra de la Crau se n'es gaire parlat. </p> </td> <td style="padding: 1em 1.5em;"> <p><b>Mirèio, Cant I (F. Mistral)</b><br /><small>(tèxt d'origina)</small> </p><p>Cante uno chato de Prouvènço.<br /> Dins lis amour de sa jouvènço,<br /> A travès de la Crau, vers la mar, dins li blad,<br /> Umble escoulan dóu grand Oumèro,<br /> Iéu la vole segui. Coume èro<br /> Rèn qu'uno chato de la terro,<br /> En foro de la Crau se n'es gaire parla. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <center> <table class="wikitable" align="center"> <caption>Comparason entre las quatre <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B2rma_ling%C3%BCistica" title="Nòrma lingüistica">nòrmas</a> de l'<a class="mw-selflink selflink">occitan</a>: extrach de la <a href="/wiki/Declaracion_Universala_dels_Dreches_Umans" title="Declaracion Universala dels Dreches Umans">Declaracion Universala dels Dreches Umans</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B2rma_classica" title="Nòrma classica">nòrma classica</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B2rma_mistralenca" title="Nòrma mistralenca">nòrma mistralenca</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B2rma_bonaudiana" title="Nòrma bonaudiana">nòrma bonaudiana</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B2rma_de_l%27Esc%C3%B2la_dau_P%C3%B2" title="Nòrma de l'Escòla dau Pò">nòrma de l'Escòla dau Pò</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7au" title="Provençau">Provençau</a> generau</b><br /> Totei lei personas naisson liuras e egalas en dignitat e en drech. Son dotadas de rason e de consciéncia e li cau (/fau) agir entre elei amb un esperit de fraternitat. </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7au" title="Provençau">Provençau</a> generau</b><br /> Tóuti li persouno naisson liéuro e egalo en dignita e en dre. Soun doutado de resoun e de counsciènci e li fau agi entre éli em'un esperit de fraternita. </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Provençau <a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A7ard" title="Niçard">niçard</a></b><br /> Toti li personas naisson liuri e egali en dignitat e en drech. Son dotadi de rason e de consciéncia e li cau agir entre eli emb un esperit de fraternitat. </td> <td><b>Provençau <a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A7ard" title="Niçard">niçard</a></b><br /> Touti li persouna naisson liéuri e egali en dignità e en drech. Soun doutadi de rasoun e de counsciènça e li cau agì entre eli em'un esperit de fraternità. </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Auvernhat" title="Auvernhat">Auvernhat</a></b><br /> Totas las personas naisson liuras e egalas en dignitat e en dreit. Son dotadas de rason e de consciéncia e lor chau (/fau) agir entre elas amb un esperit de frairessa. </td> <td> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Auvernhat" title="Auvernhat">Auvernhat</a></b><br />Ta la proussouna neisson lieura moé parira pà dïnessà mai dret. Son charjada de razou moé de cousiensà mai lhu fau arjî entremeî lha bei n'eime de freiressà. (Touta la persouna naisson lieura e egala en dïnetàt e en dreit. Soun doutada de razou e de cousiensà e lour chau ajî entre ela am en esprî de freiressà.) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Vivaroalpenc" class="mw-redirect" title="Vivaroalpenc">Vivaroalpenc</a></b><br /> Totas las personas naisson liuras e egalas en dignitat e en drech. Son dotaas de rason e de consciéncia e lor chal agir entre elas amb un esperit de fraternitat. </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Vivaroalpenc" class="mw-redirect" title="Vivaroalpenc">Vivaroalpenc</a></b><br /> Toutes les persounes naisoun liures e egales en dignità e en drech. Soun douta de razoun e de counsiensio e lour chal agir entre eles amb (/bou) un esperit de fraternitat. </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Gascon" title="Gascon">Gascon</a></b><br /> Totas las (/eras) personas que naishen liuras e egalas en dignitat e en dreit. Que son dotadas de rason e de consciéncia e que'us cau agir entre eras dab un esperit de fraternitat. </td> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Gascon" title="Gascon">Gascon</a> (grafia febusiana)</b><br /> Toutes las (/eras) persounes que nachen libres e egales en dinnitat e en dreyt. Que soun doutades de rasoû e de counscienci e qu'ous cau agì entre eres dap û esperit de fraternitat. </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Lemosin_(dial%C3%A8cte)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemosin (dialècte)">Lemosin</a></b><br /> Totas las personas naisson liuras e egalas en dignitat e en drech. Son dotadas de rason e de consciéncia e lor chau (/fau) agir entre elas emb un esperit de fraternitat. </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Lengadocian" title="Lengadocian">Lengadocian</a></b><br /> Totas las personas naisson liuras e egalas en dignitat e en drech. Son dotadas de rason e de consciéncia e lor cal agir entre elas amb un esperit de fraternitat. </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </center> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ligams_intèrnes"><span id="Ligams_int.C3.A8rnes"></span>Ligams intèrnes</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B2rma_ling%C3%BCistica" title="Nòrma lingüistica">nòrma lingüistica</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B2rma_classica" title="Nòrma classica">nòrma classica</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfabet_occitan" title="Alfabet occitan">alfabet occitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pron%C3%B3ncia_de_l%27occitan" title="Pronóncia de l'occitan">pronóncia de l'occitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occitan_larg" class="mw-redirect" title="Occitan larg">occitan larg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lo%C3%ADs_Alib%C3%A8rt" title="Loís Alibèrt">Loís Alibèrt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conselh_de_la_Lenga_Occitana" title="Conselh de la Lenga Occitana">Conselh de la Lenga Occitana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gidil%C3%B2c" title="Gidilòc">Gidilòc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEO" class="mw-redirect" title="IEO">IEO</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B2rma_mistralenca" title="Nòrma mistralenca">nòrma mistralenca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B2rma_bonaudiana" title="Nòrma bonaudiana">nòrma bonaudiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B2rma_de_l%27Esc%C3%B2la_dau_P%C3%B2" title="Nòrma de l'Escòla dau Pò">nòrma de l'Escòla dau Pò</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dialectologia">Dialectologia</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Generalitats">Generalitats</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Occitan_dialects.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Occitan_dialects.svg/220px-Occitan_dialects.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Occitan_dialects.svg/330px-Occitan_dialects.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Occitan_dialects.svg/440px-Occitan_dialects.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="875" /></a><figcaption><li style="font-size:90%; list-style: none; margin: 0 0 0 0em;"><span style="background-color:#0072b2;border:1px solid cap;">    </span> <a href="/wiki/Auvernhat" title="Auvernhat">Auvernhat</a></li><li style="font-size:90%; list-style: none; margin: 0 0 0 0em;"><span style="background-color:#56b4e9;border:1px solid cap;">    </span> <a href="/wiki/Gascon" title="Gascon">Gascon</a></li><li style="font-size:90%; list-style: none; margin: 0 0 0 0em;"><span style="background-color:#e69f00;border:1px solid cap;">    </span> <a href="/wiki/Lengadocian" title="Lengadocian">Lengadocian</a></li><li style="font-size:90%; list-style: none; margin: 0 0 0 0em;"><span style="background-color:#f0e442;border:1px solid cap;">    </span> <a href="/wiki/Lemosin_(dial%C3%A8cte)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemosin (dialècte)">Lemosin</a></li><li style="font-size:90%; list-style: none; margin: 0 0 0 0em;"><span style="background-color:#d55e00;border:1px solid cap;">    </span> <a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7al" class="mw-redirect" title="Provençal">Provençal</a></li><li style="font-size:90%; list-style: none; margin: 0 0 0 0em;"><span style="background-color:#cc79a7;border:1px solid cap;">    </span> <a href="/wiki/Vivaroalpenc" class="mw-redirect" title="Vivaroalpenc">Vivaroalpenc</a></li></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Dialectes_de_l%27occitan_selon_Jules_Ronjat.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Dialectes_de_l%27occitan_selon_Jules_Ronjat.jpg/220px-Dialectes_de_l%27occitan_selon_Jules_Ronjat.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Dialectes_de_l%27occitan_selon_Jules_Ronjat.jpg/330px-Dialectes_de_l%27occitan_selon_Jules_Ronjat.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Dialectes_de_l%27occitan_selon_Jules_Ronjat.jpg/440px-Dialectes_de_l%27occitan_selon_Jules_Ronjat.jpg 2x" data-file-width="619" data-file-height="359" /></a><figcaption>Los dialèctes de l'occitan segond Ronjat.</figcaption></figure> <p>Tradicionalament òm considèra que l'occitan ten sièis grands dialèctes : lo <a href="/wiki/Gascon" title="Gascon">gascon</a> a l'oèst, lo <a href="/wiki/Lengadocian" title="Lengadocian">lengadocian</a> e lo <a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7au" title="Provençau">provençal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7au" title="Provençau">provençau</a>) al sud, lo <a href="/wiki/Lemosin_(dial%C3%A8cte)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemosin (dialècte)">lemosin</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Auvernhat" title="Auvernhat">auvernhat</a> e lo <a href="/wiki/Vivaroaupenc_(dial%C3%A8cte)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vivaroaupenc (dialècte)">vivaroalpenc</a> al nòrd. Los dialèctes son nommats mai que mai segon de divisions provincialas ancianas mas i a pas de correspondéncia exacta entre los dialèctes e las províncias: en Provença se parla <a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7au" title="Provençau">provençal</a> mas atanben <a href="/wiki/Vivaroaupenc_(dial%C3%A8cte)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vivaroaupenc (dialècte)">vivaroalpenc</a>, en Auvèrnha <a href="/wiki/Auvernhat" title="Auvernhat">auvernhat</a> e <a href="/wiki/Lengadocian" title="Lengadocian">lengadocian</a>, en Lengadòc <a href="/wiki/Lengadocian" title="Lengadocian">lengadocian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auvernhat" title="Auvernhat">auvernhat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7au" title="Provençau">provençal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gascon" title="Gascon">gascon</a> e <a href="/wiki/Vivaroaupenc_(dial%C3%A8cte)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vivaroaupenc (dialècte)">vivaroalpenc</a>, etc. </p><p>Fòra del cas particular del <a href="/wiki/Gascon" title="Gascon">gascon</a> (e encara), la transicion entre los dialèctes es plan rarament brutala e un parlar considerat coma de <a href="/wiki/Lengadocian" title="Lengadocian">lengadocian</a> o de <a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7au" title="Provençau">provençal</a> pòt tenir un fais de caracteristicas d'un autre dialècte o de caracteristicas pròprias: podèm citar lo <a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A7ard" title="Niçard">niçard</a>, lo cevenòl, lo <a href="/wiki/Gavaldan%C3%A9s" class="mw-redirect" title="Gavaldanés">gavaldanés</a> o lo brageiragués. </p><p>Entre los parlars de transicion cap a las lengas vesinas, podèm citar lo <a href="/wiki/Roiasc" class="mw-redirect" title="Roiasc">roiasc</a> e los parlars del <a href="/wiki/Creissent" title="Creissent">Creissent</a>. </p><p>Cèrts autors coma <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8ire_B%C3%A8c" title="Pèire Bèc">Pèire Bèc</a> an prepausat un segond tipe d'estructuracion de l'espaci lingüistic occitan. Pèire Bec definís tres grands complèxes supradialectals: l'arvèrnomediterranèu, l'occitan central e l'aquitanopirenenc (vejatz çai sota). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classificacion_dialectala">Classificacion dialectala</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Dialectes_de_l%27occitan_selon_Pierre_Bec.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Dialectes_de_l%27occitan_selon_Pierre_Bec.jpg/220px-Dialectes_de_l%27occitan_selon_Pierre_Bec.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Dialectes_de_l%27occitan_selon_Pierre_Bec.jpg/330px-Dialectes_de_l%27occitan_selon_Pierre_Bec.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Dialectes_de_l%27occitan_selon_Pierre_Bec.jpg/440px-Dialectes_de_l%27occitan_selon_Pierre_Bec.jpg 2x" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="364" /></a><figcaption>Dialèctes de l'occitan segon Pèir Bèc.</figcaption></figure> <p>Segon lo lingüista <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8ire_B%C3%A8c" title="Pèire Bèc">Pèire Bèc</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <ul><li><i><b>grop <a href="/wiki/Gascon" title="Gascon">gascon</a></b></i>, constituit d'un sol dialècte <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gascon" title="Gascon">gascon</a> (inclusent l'<a href="/wiki/Aran%C3%A9s" title="Aranés">aranés</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><i><b>grop <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B2rd-occitan" title="Nòrd-occitan">nòrd-occitan</a></b></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lemosin" class="mw-disambig" title="Lemosin">lemosin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auvernhat" title="Auvernhat">auvernhat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivaroalpenc" class="mw-redirect" title="Vivaroalpenc">vivaroalpenc</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><b>grop <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sud-occitan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sud-occitan (la pagina existís pas)">sud-occitan</a></b></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7al" class="mw-redirect" title="Provençal">provençal</a>, dich localament <a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7au" title="Provençau">provençau</a> (inclusent lo <a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A7ard" title="Niçard">niçard</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lengadocian" title="Lengadocian">lengadocian</a></li></ul></li> <li>(<i><b><a href="/wiki/Catalan" title="Catalan">catalan</a></b></i>, lenga per elaboracion qu'es venguda independenta de l'occitan)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classificacion_supradialectala">Classificacion supradialectala</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Bec_supradialectal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Bec_supradialectal.jpg/220px-Bec_supradialectal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Bec_supradialectal.jpg/330px-Bec_supradialectal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Bec_supradialectal.jpg/440px-Bec_supradialectal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="582" data-file-height="686" /></a><figcaption>Classificacion supradialectala de l'occitan segon Pèir Bèc</figcaption></figure> <p>Segon lo lingüista <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8ire_B%C3%A8c" title="Pèire Bèc">Pèire Bèc</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Aquesta classificacion supradialectala es compatibla amb la precedenta, mas se fa segon de critèris diferents. </p> <ul><li><i><b>Grop <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arv%C3%A8rnomediterran%C3%A8u&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arvèrnomediterranèu (la pagina existís pas)">arvèrnomediterranèu</a></b></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lemosin" class="mw-disambig" title="Lemosin">lemosin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auvernhat" title="Auvernhat">auvernhat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivaroalpenc" class="mw-redirect" title="Vivaroalpenc">vivaroalpenc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7al" class="mw-redirect" title="Provençal">provençal</a> (inclusent lo <a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A7ard" title="Niçard">niçard</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><i><b>Grop <a href="/w/index.php?title=Occitan_central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Occitan central (la pagina existís pas)">occitan central</a></b></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lengadocian" title="Lengadocian">lengadocian</a> (exceptat lo sosdialècte <a href="/wiki/Lengadocian_meridional" title="Lengadocian meridional">lengadocian meridional</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><i><b>Grop <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aquitanopirenenc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aquitanopirenenc (la pagina existís pas)">aquitanopirenenc</a></b></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lengadocian_meridional" title="Lengadocian meridional">lengadocian meridional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gascon" title="Gascon">gascon</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Catalan" title="Catalan">catalan</a>, lenga per elaboracion qu'es venguda independenta de l'occitan)</li></ul></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Sumien_supradialectal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Sumien_supradialectal.jpg/220px-Sumien_supradialectal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Sumien_supradialectal.jpg/330px-Sumien_supradialectal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Sumien_supradialectal.jpg/440px-Sumien_supradialectal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="735" data-file-height="730" /></a><figcaption>Classificacion supradialectala de l'occitan segon Domergue Sumien</figcaption></figure> <p>La classificacion supradialectala es estada reformulada ansin, pus recentament<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <ul><li><i><b>Grop <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arv%C3%A8rnomediterran%C3%A8u&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arvèrnomediterranèu (la pagina existís pas)">arvèrnomediterranèu</a></b></i> <ul><li><i>Sosgrop <a href="/w/index.php?title=Transoccitan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transoccitan (la pagina existís pas)">transoccitan</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lemosin" class="mw-disambig" title="Lemosin">lemosin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auvernhat" title="Auvernhat">auvernhat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vivarodaufinenc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vivarodaufinenc (la pagina existís pas)">vivarodaufinenc</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vivaroalpenc" class="mw-redirect" title="Vivaroalpenc">vivaroalpenc</a> de l'oèst)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7al_general" class="mw-redirect" title="Provençal general">provençal general</a> (provençal maritim e rodanenc, sens lo <a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A7ard" title="Niçard">niçard</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><i>Sosgrop <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ni%C3%A7ardoalpenc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niçardoalpenc (la pagina existís pas)">niçardoalpenc</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%A7ard" title="Niçard">provençal niçard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpenc" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpenc">alpenc</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vivaroalpenc" class="mw-redirect" title="Vivaroalpenc">vivaroalpenc</a> de l'èst)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i><b>Grop <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pre%C3%AFberic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Preïberic (la pagina existís pas)">preïberic</a></b></i> <ul><li><i>Sosgrop <a href="/w/index.php?title=Occitan_central&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Occitan central (la pagina existís pas)">occitan central</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lengadocian" title="Lengadocian">lengadocian</a> (exceptat lo sosdialècte <a href="/wiki/Lengadocian_meridional" title="Lengadocian meridional">lengadocian meridional</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><i>Sosgrop <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aquitanopirenenc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aquitanopirenenc (la pagina existís pas)">aquitanopirenenc</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lengadocian_meridional" title="Lengadocian meridional">lengadocian meridional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gascon" title="Gascon">gascon</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Catalan" title="Catalan">catalan</a>, lenga per elaboracion qu'es venguda independenta de l'occitan)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Carta_de_l%27occitania.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/oc/thumb/d/de/Carta_de_l%27occitania.svg/220px-Carta_de_l%27occitania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/oc/thumb/d/de/Carta_de_l%27occitania.svg/330px-Carta_de_l%27occitania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/oc/thumb/d/de/Carta_de_l%27occitania.svg/440px-Carta_de_l%27occitania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="842" data-file-height="708" /></a><figcaption>Los grands dialèctes e las vilas principalas d'Occitània.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dialèctes_ancians"><span id="Dial.C3.A8ctes_ancians"></span>Dialèctes ancians</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Occitan_aguiain%C3%A9s" title="Occitan aguiainés">occitan aguiainés</a> †, dialècte del grop <i><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B2rd-occitan" title="Nòrd-occitan">nòrd-occitan</a></i> o <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transoccitan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transoccitan (la pagina existís pas)">transoccitan</a></i>, parlat en lo nòrd-oèst d'<a href="/wiki/Aquit%C3%A0nia" class="mw-disambig" title="Aquitània">Aquitània</a> (la majoritat del domèni del <a href="/wiki/Peitavin-sentong%C3%A9s" class="mw-redirect" title="Peitavin-sentongés">peitavin-sentongés</a>) fòrça similar au <a href="/wiki/Lemosin" class="mw-disambig" title="Lemosin">lemosin</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occitan_transpirenenc" title="Occitan transpirenenc">occitan transpirenenc</a> †, dialècte del grop <i><a href="/wiki/Gascon" title="Gascon">gascon</a></i> o <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aquitanopirenenc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aquitanopirenenc (la pagina existís pas)">aquitanopirenenc</a></i> parlat al sud dels <a href="/wiki/Piren%C3%A8us" title="Pirenèus">Pirenèus</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuadit" title="Shuadit">shuadit</a> †, dialècte del grop <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sud-occitan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sud-occitan (la pagina existís pas)">sud-occitan</a></i> o <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transoccitan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transoccitan (la pagina existís pas)">transoccitan</a></i>, parlar dels <a href="/wiki/Jusieus" title="Jusieus">jusieus</a> en <a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7a" title="Provença">Provença</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeogascon" title="Judeogascon">judeogascon</a> †, dialècte gascon parlat per de jusieus iberians en <a href="/wiki/Gasconha" title="Gasconha">Gasconha</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cal%C3%B3_occitan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caló occitan (la pagina existís pas)">caló occitan</a> †, dialècte entre lo <a href="/wiki/Roman%C3%AD" title="Romaní">romaní</a> e l'occitan.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lenga_shiulada_pirenenca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lenga shiulada pirenenca (la pagina existís pas)">lenga shiulada pirenenca</a> † (shiulat d'<a href="/wiki/Aas" title="Aas">Aas</a>), basada sul <a href="/wiki/Gascon" title="Gascon">gascon</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ligams">Ligams</h2></div> <ul><li>L'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ieo-oc.org/?lang=oc">Institut d'Estudis Occitans - IEO</a>: Associacion istorica dau Renaissentisme occitan.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.academiaoccitana.eu/">Academia Occitana</a> Lo diccionari de l'Academia de la Lenga Occitana</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.locongres.org/oc"><i>Lo Congrès</i></a> Lo diccionari de <i>Lo Congrès</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://booksnow1.scholarsportal.info/ebooks/oca9/18/dictionnairefran01piat/dictionnairefran01piat.pdf"><i>Dictionnaire français-occitanien</i> de Louis Piat que explica detalhadament las caracteristicas dels dialèctes occitans</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070808051904/http://gallica.bnf.fr/scripts/catalog.php?CT=(N007485%7CN007486)">Lo Tresaur dau Felibritge</a> Lo diccionari mai gròs de l'occitan, de <a href="/wiki/Frederic_Mistral" title="Frederic Mistral">Frederic Mistral</a> (vejatz tanben lo <a href="/wiki/TDF" class="mw-redirect" title="TDF">ligam intèrne</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexilogos.com/occitan_langue_dictionnaires.htm">Lexilogos</a> Una colleccion interessanta de ligams, mas la concepcion de l'occitan i es pas totjorn fisabla.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://occitanet.free.fr/oc/index.html">Occitanet</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060618161534/http://revistadoc.org/index.php?lng=fr">Lingüistica Occitana</a> Revista electronica de lingüistica occitana</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721021159/http://gianni.vacca.perso.sfr.fr/guilhemix/CLO0.html">Conselh de la Lenga Occitana</a> Preconizacions dins la <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B2rma_classica" title="Nòrma classica">nòrma classica</a> de l'occitan</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marraire.com/">Marraire (l'occitan en Velai e al nòrd de Vivarés)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aieo.org/">Associacion Internacionala d'Estudis Occitans</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070105025109/http://www.institutoccitan.com/accueil.html">Institut Occitan (Pau)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bedt.it/">Bibliografia electronica dels trobadors</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061209094354/http://br.groups.yahoo.com/group/parlar_occitan/">Parlar Occitan</a> Grop de discussion EN occitan</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080719004632/http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/la-lenga-occitana/">La Lenga Occitana</a> Grop de discussion SUS l'occitan</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061012161412/http://listes.cict.fr/wws/info/list-oc">Lista Òc</a> Grop de discussion (non moderat)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061006032144/http://www.crdp-montpellier.fr/occitan/direenoc.htm">Exercicis en lenga occitana</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061130210616/http://www.crdp-toulouse.fr/themadoc/occitan/plan.htm">https://web.archive.org/web/20061130210616/http://www.crdp-toulouse.fr/themadoc/occitan/plan.htm</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930005428/http://www.up.univ-mrs.fr/tresoc/somoc.htm">https://web.archive.org/web/20070930005428/http://www.up.univ-mrs.fr/tresoc/somoc.htm</a> Banca de tèxtes numerizats</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dom.badw-muenchen.de/">Diccionari de l'occitan medieval</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chez.com/lengadoc/lexic_medieval.htm">Lexic de l'occitan medieval</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thesaurus.unice.fr/">Thesaurus Occitan</a> Basa de donadas dialectologicas multimèdia</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.occitan-oc.org">Òc per l'occitan</a> Annuari de las entrepresas e organismes amb lo certificat "òc per l'occitan"</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110106193621/http://ostaldoccitania.net/">Ostal d'Occitània de Tolosa</a> l'Ostal de las associacions occitanas de Tolosa</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nòtas"><span id="N.C3.B2tas"></span>Nòtas</h2></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Segon l'article 6.5 de l'<a href="/wiki/Estatut_d%27Autonomia_de_Catalonha_de_2006" title="Estatut d'Autonomia de Catalonha de 2006">Estatut d'Autonomia de Catalonha de 2006</a>, l'occitan es la lenga pròpria de la Val d'Aran e oficial en Catalonha.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lo caractèr oficial de la lenga occitana es confirmat per la Lei de l'occitan, aranés en Aran<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> aital coma per las disposicions presas al Senat Espanhòl.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referéncias"><span id="Refer.C3.A9ncias"></span>Referéncias</h2></div> <div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="títol">Suls autres projèctes Wikimèdia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="wiktionary"><a href="https://oc.wiktionary.org/wiki/occitan" class="extiw" title="wikt:occitan">occitan</a>, <span class="nowrap">sul <span class="project">Wikiccionari</span></span> </li></ul> </div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2450626">.mw-parser-output span.default a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Lock_icon_blue.gif")center right no-repeat!important;padding-right:17px!important}.mw-parser-output span.abonament a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")center right no-repeat!important;padding-right:17px!important}.mw-parser-output span.liure a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")center right no-repeat!important;padding-right:17px!important}.mw-parser-output span.limitat a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")center right no-repeat!important;padding-right:17px!important}.mw-parser-output span.pdf a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif/15px-Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif")center right no-repeat!important;padding-right:17px!important}</style><span class="citation noarchive" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREF">«<span class="default"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.wal.unesco.org/languages/occitan">«Occitan language»</a></span>» (en anglés).  <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>. [Consulta: 22 de març de 2024]</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2450626" /><span class="citation noarchive" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREF">«<span class="pdf"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.culture.gouv.fr/Espace-documentation/Rapports/Redefinir-une-politique-publique-en-faveur-des-langues-regionales-et-de-la-pluralite-linguistique-interne">Rapport présenté le 15 juillet 2013 à la ministre de la culture et de la communication par le Comité consultatif pour la promotion des langues régionales et de la pluralité linguistique interne présidé par Rémi Caron, Conseiller d’État</a></span>» (en francés). [Consulta: 22 de març de 2024] «Concernant l'usage de l'occitan, le rapport sur les langues régionales les plus parlées en France indique "l’occitan (1 670 000 locuteurs, dont 610 000 locuteurs réguliers), les langues d’oïl (1 420 000 locuteurs, dont 570 000 locuteurs habituels), l’alsacien (900 000 locuteurs, dont 660 000 locuteurs habituels) et le breton (680 000 locuteurs, dont 280 000 locuteurs habituels).»</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2450626" /><span class="citation noarchive" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREF">«<span class="pdf"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parlament.cat/document/cataleg/48089.pdf">Estatut d'autonomia de Catalonha</a></span>».  <a href="/wiki/Generalitat_de_Catalonha" title="Generalitat de Catalonha">Generalitat de Catalonha</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2450626" /><span class="citation noarchive" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREF">«<span class="pdf"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://parlament.cat/document/nom/TL128.pdf">Llei 35/2010, de l’1 d’octubre, de l’occità, aranès a l’Aran</a></span>» (en catalan).  Parlament de Catalonha.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2450626" /><span class="citation noarchive" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFMoral_Ajado"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Moral Ajado</span>, Xavier. «<span class="default"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publicacions.iec.cat/repository/pdf/00000243/00000030.pdf">La protecció legal de l'occità aranès</a></span>».  <a href="/wiki/Institut_d%27Estudis_Catalans" title="Institut d'Estudis Catalans">Institut d'Estudis Catalans</a>. «La llengua occitana, denominada aranès a l’Aran, és la llengua pròpia d’aquest territori i és oficial a Catalunya, d’acord amb el que estableixen aquest Estatut i les lleis de normalització lingüística»</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2450626" /><span class="citation noarchive" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFPla_Boix"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pla Boix</span>, Anna M.. «<span class="default"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eapc-rld.blog.gencat.cat/2023/12/14/reflexions-critiques-sus-er-estatut-juridic-der-aranes-objectius-e-hiestres-doportunitat-anna-m-pla-boix/">Reflexions critiques sus er estatut juridic der aranés: objectius e hièstres d’oportunitat</a></span>» (en occitan). <i>Aa</i>.  Barcelona:  Escòla d'Administracion Publica de Catalonha. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldcat.org/issn/2696-8908">2696-8908</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2450626" /><span class="citation noarchive" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREF17_de_setembre_de_2023">«<span class="default"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jornalet.com/editorial/21372/se-parlara-occitan-al-parlament-espanhol">L’occitan al parlament espanhòl</a></span>» (en occitan).  <a href="/wiki/Jornalet" title="Jornalet">Jornalet</a>, 17 de setembre de 2023. <i>www.jornalet.com</i>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2450626" /><span class="citation noarchive" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREF21_de_setembre_de_2023">«<span class="default"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vilaweb.cat/noticies/congres-aprova-reforma-reglament-catala/">El congrés espanyol aprova la reforma del reglament per a parlar català, occità, èuscar i gallec</a></span>».  <a href="/wiki/VilaWeb" title="VilaWeb">VilaWeb</a>, 21 de setembre de 2023. <i>www.vilaweb.cat</i>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2450626" /><span class="citation noarchive" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREF">«<span class="default"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.laregion.fr/Le-Catalan-et-l-Occitan#:~:text=Aujourd'hui%2C%20l'occitan,de%20l'Euro%2Dr%C3%A9gion.">Le Catalan et l’Occitan</a></span>». <i>www.laregion.fr</i>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2450626" /><span class="citation noarchive" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREF">«<span class="default"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parlamento.it/parlam/leggi/99482l.htm">«Legge 15 Dicembre 1999, n. 482»</a></span>».  Parlament Italian.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><b>Étude sur la limite géographique de la langue d'oc et de la langue d'oïl</b>, Charles de Tourtoulon et Octavien Bringuier, page 6 : « ... en Espagne, sur les confins de la Catalogne et de l'Aragon, le catalan, qui peut-être considéré comme un dialecte de la langue d'oc, faisait place brusquement à l'aragonais, dialecte de la langue espagnole. », Paris, 1876</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Héran, François; Filhon, Alexandra; Deprez, Christine (2002) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ined.fr/fichier/t_publication/65/publi_pdf1_pop_et_soc_francais_376.pdf">"La dynamique des langues en France au fil du XXe siècle" in <i>Population & sociétés. Bulletin mensuel d'information de l'Institut National d’Études Démographiques</i>, n°376 (febrièr de 2002)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ancianament se podiá escriure <i>proensal, proensales</i>, que cal legir <i>proençal, proençalés</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ancianament se podiá escriure <i>lemosi, lemozi</i>, que cal legir <i>lemosin</i>. Lo mot <i>lemosin</i> a pogut designar tanben lo <a href="/wiki/Catalan" title="Catalan">catalan</a> als <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%A8gles_XVIII&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sègles XVIII (la pagina existís pas)">sègles XVIII</a> e XIX, en rason de sa filiacion amb l'occitan medieval.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">BOYER Henri, & GARDY Philippe (2001) (dir.) <i>Dix siècles d’usages et d’images de l’occitan: des troubadours à l’Internet</i>, coll. Sociolinguistique, París: L’Harmattan</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080725031226/http://www.parlament-cat.net/porteso/estatut/estatut_100506_aranes.pdf">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sudouest.fr/2018/06/23/l-agglo-pays-basque-reconnait-officiellement-les-langues-basque-et-gasconne-5173066-4018.php#xtor=RSS-10521769">"L’Agglo Pays basque reconnaît officiellement les langues basque et gasconne"</a>, <i>Sud Ouest</i>, 23.06.2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8ire_B%C3%A8c" title="Pèire Bèc">Pèire Bèc</a> (1970-71) = BEC Pierre (collab. Octave NANDRIS, Žarko MULJAČIĆ), <i>Manuel pratique de philologie romane,</i> París: Picard, 2 vol.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Juli_Ronjat" title="Juli Ronjat">RONJAT Juli</a> = RONJAT Jules (1930-1941), <i>Grammaire istorique [sic] des parlers provençaux modernes</i>, 4 vol. [reed. 1980, Marselha: Laffitte Reprints, 2 vol.]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8ire_B%C3%A8c" title="Pèire Bèc">BÈC Pèire</a> (1973) = BEC Pierre, <i>Manuel pratique d’occitan moderne</i>, coll. Connaissance des langues, París: Picard</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8ire_B%C3%A8c" title="Pèire Bèc">BÈC Pèire</a> (1973) = BEC Pierre, <i>Manuel pratique d’occitan moderne</i>, coll. Connaissance des langues, París: Picard</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A8ire_B%C3%A8c" title="Pèire Bèc">BÈC Pèire</a> (1973) = BEC Pierre, <i>Manuel pratique d’occitan moderne</i>, coll. Connaissance des langues, París: Picard</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Domergue_Sumien" title="Domergue Sumien">SUMIEN Domergue</a> (2006) <i>La standardisation pluricentrique de l'occitan: nouvel enjeu sociolinguistique, développement du lexique et de la morphologie</i>, coll. Publications de l'Association Internationale d'Études Occitanes, Turnhout: Brepols</span> </li> </ol> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Recuperada de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Occitan&oldid=2457341">https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Occitan&oldid=2457341</a> »</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" title="Especial:Categorias">Categorias de la pagina</a> : <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Categoria:P%C3%A0gines_que_utilitzen_l%27extensi%C3%B3_Phonos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categoria:Pàgines que utilitzen l'extensió Phonos (la pagina non existís pas)">Pàgines que utilitzen l'extensió Phonos</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Lenga_sillabica" title="Categoria:Lenga sillabica">Lenga sillabica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Inventari_de_lengas" title="Categoria:Inventari de lengas">Inventari de lengas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Occitan" title="Categoria:Occitan">Occitan</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categoria amagada : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Article_utilizant_lo_mod%C3%A8l_Wikiccionari" title="Categoria:Article utilizant lo modèl Wikiccionari">Article utilizant lo modèl Wikiccionari</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Aquela pagina es estada modificada pel darrièr còp lo 14 decembre de 2024 a 22.43.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span style="white-space: normal"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Drech_d%27autor" title="Wikipèdia:Drech d'autor">Drech d'autor</a> : Los tèxtes son disponibles jos <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr">licéncia Creative Commons paternitat pertatge a l’identic</a> ; d’autras condicions se pòdon aplicar. 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