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Vim version 9.1. Last change: 2023 May 23","","","\t\t VIM REFERENCE MANUAL\t by Bram Moolenaar","","","Defining and using functions.","","This is introduced in section |41.7| of the user manual.","","1. Defining a function\t\t\t|define-function|","2. Calling a function\t\t\t|:call|","3. Cleaning up in a function\t\t|:defer|","4. Automatically loading functions\t|autoload-functions|","","==============================================================================","","1. Defining a function ~","\t\t\t\t\t\t*define-function*","New functions can be defined. These can be called just like builtin","functions. The function executes a sequence of Ex commands. Normal mode","commands can be executed with the |:normal| command.","","The function name must start with an uppercase letter, to avoid confusion with","builtin functions. To prevent from using the same name in different scripts","make them script-local. If you do use a global function then avoid obvious,","short names. A good habit is to start the function name with the name of the","script, e.g., \"HTMLcolor()\".","","In legacy script it is also possible to use curly braces, see","|curly-braces-names|.","","The |autoload| facility is useful to define a function only when it's called.","","\t\t\t\t\t\t\t*local-function*","A function local to a legacy script must start with \"s:\". A local script","function can only be called from within the script and from functions, user","commands and autocommands defined in the script. It is also possible to call","the function from a mapping defined in the script, but then |\u003cSID\u003e| must be","used instead of \"s:\" when the mapping is expanded outside of the script.","There are only script-local functions, no buffer-local or window-local","functions.","","In |Vim9| script functions are local to the script by default, prefix \"g:\" to","define a global function.","","\t\t\t\t*:fu* *:function* *E128* *E129* *E123* *E454*",":fu[nction]\t\tList all functions and their arguments.","",":fu[nction] {name}\tList function {name}.","\t\t\t{name} can also be a |Dictionary| entry that is a","\t\t\t|Funcref|: \u003e","\t\t\t\t:function dict.init","\u003c\t\t\tNote that {name} is not an expression, you cannot use","\t\t\ta variable that is a function reference. You can use","\t\t\tthis dirty trick to list the function referred to with","\t\t\tvariable \"Funcref\": \u003e","\t\t\t\tlet g:MyFuncref = Funcref","\t\t\t\tfunc g:MyFuncref","\t\t\t\tunlet g:MyFuncref","",":fu[nction] /{pattern}\tList functions with a name matching {pattern}.","\t\t\tExample that lists all functions ending with \"File\": \u003e","\t\t\t\t:function /File$","\u003c","\t\t\t\t\t\t\t*:function-verbose*","When 'verbose' is non-zero, listing a function will also display where it was","last defined. Example: \u003e",""," :verbose function SetFileTypeSH","\tfunction SetFileTypeSH(name)","\t Last set from /usr/share/vim/vim-7.0/filetype.vim","\u003c","See |:verbose-cmd| for more information.","","\t\t\t\t\t\t*E124* *E125* *E853* *E884*",":fu[nction][!] {name}([arguments]) [range] [abort] [dict] [closure]","\t\t\tDefine a new function by the name {name}. The body of","\t\t\tthe function follows in the next lines, until the","\t\t\tmatching |:endfunction|.","\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t*E1267*","\t\t\tThe name must be made of alphanumeric characters and","\t\t\t'_', and must start with a capital or \"s:\" (see","\t\t\tabove). Note that using \"b:\" or \"g:\" is not allowed.","\t\t\t(since patch 7.4.260 E884 is given if the function","\t\t\tname has a colon in the name, e.g. for \"foo:bar()\".","\t\t\tBefore that patch no error was given).","","\t\t\t{name} can also be a |Dictionary| entry that is a","\t\t\t|Funcref|: \u003e","\t\t\t\t:function dict.init(arg)","\u003c\t\t\t\"dict\" must be an existing dictionary. The entry","\t\t\t\"init\" is added if it didn't exist yet. Otherwise [!]","\t\t\tis required to overwrite an existing function. The","\t\t\tresult is a |Funcref| to a numbered function. The","\t\t\tfunction can only be used with a |Funcref| and will be","\t\t\tdeleted if there are no more references to it.","\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t*E127* *E122*","\t\t\tWhen a function by this name already exists and [!] is","\t\t\tnot used an error message is given. There is one","\t\t\texception: When sourcing a script again, a function","\t\t\tthat was previously defined in that script will be","\t\t\tsilently replaced.","\t\t\tWhen [!] is used, an existing function is silently","\t\t\treplaced. Unless it is currently being executed, that","\t\t\tis an error.","\t\t\tNOTE: Use ! wisely. If used without care it can cause","\t\t\tan existing function to be replaced unexpectedly,","\t\t\twhich is hard to debug.","\t\t\tNOTE: In Vim9 script script-local functions cannot be","\t\t\tdeleted or redefined.","","\t\t\tFor the {arguments} see |function-argument|.","","\t\t\t\t\t*:func-range* *a:firstline* *a:lastline*","\t\t\tWhen the [range] argument is added, the function is","\t\t\texpected to take care of a range itself. The range is","\t\t\tpassed as \"a:firstline\" and \"a:lastline\". If [range]","\t\t\tis excluded, \":{range}call\" will call the function for","\t\t\teach line in the range, with the cursor on the start","\t\t\tof each line. See |function-range-example|.","\t\t\tThe cursor is still moved to the first line of the","\t\t\trange, as is the case with all Ex commands.","\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t*:func-abort*","\t\t\tWhen the [abort] argument is added, the function will","\t\t\tabort as soon as an error is detected.","\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t*:func-dict*","\t\t\tWhen the [dict] argument is added, the function must","\t\t\tbe invoked through an entry in a |Dictionary|. The","\t\t\tlocal variable \"self\" will then be set to the","\t\t\tdictionary. See |Dictionary-function|.","\t\t\t\t\t\t*:func-closure* *E932*","\t\t\tWhen the [closure] argument is added, the function","\t\t\tcan access variables and arguments from the outer","\t\t\tscope. This is usually called a closure. In this","\t\t\texample Bar() uses \"x\" from the scope of Foo(). It","\t\t\tremains referenced even after Foo() returns: \u003e","\t\t\t\t:function! Foo()","\t\t\t\t: let x = 0","\t\t\t\t: function! Bar() closure","\t\t\t\t: let x += 1","\t\t\t\t: return x","\t\t\t\t: endfunction","\t\t\t\t: return funcref('Bar')","\t\t\t\t:endfunction","","\t\t\t\t:let F = Foo()","\t\t\t\t:echo F()","\u003c\t\t\t\t1 \u003e","\t\t\t\t:echo F()","\u003c\t\t\t\t2 \u003e","\t\t\t\t:echo F()","\u003c\t\t\t\t3","","\t\t\t\t\t\t*function-search-undo*","\t\t\tThe last used search pattern and the redo command \".\"","\t\t\twill not be changed by the function. This also","\t\t\timplies that the effect of |:nohlsearch| is undone","\t\t\twhen the function returns.","","\t\t\t*:endf* *:endfunction* *E126* *E193* *W22* *E1151*",":endf[unction] [argument]","\t\t\tThe end of a function definition. Best is to put it","\t\t\ton a line by its own, without [argument].","","\t\t\t[argument] can be:","\t\t\t\t| command\tcommand to execute next","\t\t\t\t\\n command\tcommand to execute next","\t\t\t\t\" comment\talways ignored","\t\t\t\tanything else\tignored, warning given when","\t\t\t\t\t\t'verbose' is non-zero","\t\t\tThe support for a following command was added in Vim","\t\t\t8.0.0654, before that any argument was silently","\t\t\tignored.","","\t\t\tTo be able to define a function inside an `:execute`","\t\t\tcommand, use line breaks instead of |:bar|: \u003e","\t\t\t\t:exe \"func Foo()\\necho 'foo'\\nendfunc\"","\u003c","\t\t\t\t*:delf* *:delfunction* *E131* *E933* *E1084*",":delf[unction][!] {name}","\t\t\tDelete function {name}.","\t\t\t{name} can also be a |Dictionary| entry that is a","\t\t\t|Funcref|: \u003e","\t\t\t\t:delfunc dict.init","\u003c\t\t\tThis will remove the \"init\" entry from \"dict\". The","\t\t\tfunction is deleted if there are no more references to","\t\t\tit.","\t\t\tWith the ! there is no error if the function does not","\t\t\texist.","\t\t\t\t\t\t\t*:retu* *:return* *E133*",":retu[rn] [expr]\tReturn from a function. When \"[expr]\" is given, it is","\t\t\tevaluated and returned as the result of the function.","\t\t\tIf \"[expr]\" is not given, the number 0 is returned.","\t\t\tWhen a function ends without an explicit \":return\",","\t\t\tthe number 0 is returned.","","\t\t\tIn a :def function *E1095* is given if unreachable","\t\t\tcode follows after the `:return`.","\t\t\tIn legacy script there is no check for unreachable","\t\t\tlines, thus there is no warning if commands follow","\t\t\t`:return`. Also, there is no check if the following","\t\t\tline contains a valid command. Forgetting the line","\t\t\tcontinuation backslash may go unnoticed: \u003e","\t\t\t\treturn 'some text'","\t\t\t\t .. ' some more text'","\u003c\t\t\tWill happily return \"some text\" without an error. It","\t\t\tshould have been: \u003e","\t\t\t\treturn 'some text'","\t\t\t\t \\ .. ' some more text'","\u003c","\t\t\tIf the \":return\" is used after a |:try| but before the","\t\t\tmatching |:finally| (if present), the commands","\t\t\tfollowing the \":finally\" up to the matching |:endtry|","\t\t\tare executed first. This process applies to all","\t\t\tnested \":try\"s inside the function. The function","\t\t\treturns at the outermost \":endtry\".","","\t\t\t\t\t\t*function-argument* *a:var*","An argument can be defined by giving its name. In the function this can then","be used as \"a:name\" (\"a:\" for argument) (in a `:def` function \"a:\" is not","used).","\t\t\t\t\t*a:0* *a:1* *a:000* *E740* *...*","Up to 20 arguments can be given, separated by commas. After the named","arguments an argument \"...\" can be specified, which means that more arguments","may optionally be following. In the function the extra arguments can be used","as \"a:1\", \"a:2\", etc. \"a:0\" is set to the number of extra arguments (which","can be 0). \"a:000\" is set to a |List| that contains these arguments. Note","that \"a:1\" is the same as \"a:000[0]\".","\t\t\t\t\t\t\t*E742* *E1090*","The a: scope and the variables in it cannot be changed, they are fixed.","However, if a composite type is used, such as |List| or |Dictionary| , you can","change their contents. Thus you can pass a |List| to a function and have the","function add an item to it. If you want to make sure the function cannot","change a |List| or |Dictionary| use |:lockvar|.","","It is also possible to define a function without any arguments. You must","still supply the () then.","","It is allowed to define another function inside a function body.","","\t\t\t\t\t\t*optional-function-argument*","You can provide default values for positional named arguments. This makes","them optional for function calls. When a positional argument is not","specified at a call, the default expression is used to initialize it.","This only works for functions declared with `:function` or `:def`, not for","lambda expressions |expr-lambda|.","","Example: \u003e"," function Something(key, value = 10)"," echo a:key .. \": \" .. a:value"," endfunction"," call Something('empty')\t\"empty: 10\""," call Something('key', 20)\t\"key: 20\"","","The argument default expressions are evaluated at the time of the function","call, not when the function is defined. Thus it is possible to use an","expression which is invalid the moment the function is defined. The","expressions are also only evaluated when arguments are not specified during a","call.","\t\t\t\t\t\t*none-function_argument*","You can pass |v:none| to use the default expression. Note that this means you","cannot pass v:none as an ordinary value when an argument has a default","expression.","","Example: \u003e"," function Something(a = 10, b = 20, c = 30)"," endfunction"," call Something(1, v:none, 3)\t \" b = 20","\u003c","\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t*E989*","Optional arguments with default expressions must occur after any mandatory","arguments. You can use \"...\" after all optional named arguments.","","It is possible for later argument defaults to refer to prior arguments,","but not the other way around. They must be prefixed with \"a:\", as with all","arguments.","","Example that works: \u003e"," :function Okay(mandatory, optional = a:mandatory)"," :endfunction","Example that does NOT work: \u003e"," :function NoGood(first = a:second, second = 10)"," :endfunction","\u003c","When not using \"...\", the number of arguments in a function call must be at","least equal to the number of mandatory named arguments. When using \"...\", the","number of arguments may be larger than the total of mandatory and optional","arguments.","","\t\t\t\t\t\t\t*local-variables*","Inside a function local variables can be used. These will disappear when the","function returns. Global variables need to be accessed with \"g:\".","Inside functions local variables are accessed without prepending anything.","But you can also prepend \"l:\" if you like. This is required for some reserved","names, such as \"count\".","","Example: \u003e"," :function Table(title, ...)"," : echohl Title"," : echo a:title"," : echohl None"," : echo a:0 .. \" items:\""," : for s in a:000"," : echon ' ' .. s"," : endfor"," :endfunction","","This function can then be called with: \u003e"," call Table(\"Table\", \"line1\", \"line2\")"," call Table(\"Empty Table\")","","To return more than one value, return a |List|: \u003e"," :function Compute(n1, n2)"," : if a:n2 == 0"," : return [\"fail\", 0]"," : endif"," : return [\"ok\", a:n1 / a:n2]"," :endfunction","","This function can then be called with: \u003e"," :let [success, div] = Compute(102, 6)"," :if success == \"ok\""," : echo div"," :endif","\u003c","==============================================================================","","2. Calling a function ~","\t\t\t\t\t\t*:cal* *:call* *E107*",":[range]cal[l] {name}([arguments])","\t\tCall a function. The name of the function and its arguments","\t\tare as specified with `:function`. Up to 20 arguments can be","\t\tused. The returned value is discarded.","\t\tIn |Vim9| script using `:call` is optional, these two lines do","\t\tthe same thing: \u003e","\t\t\tcall SomeFunc(arg)","\t\t\tSomeFunc(arg)","\u003c\t\tWithout a range and for functions that accept a range, the","\t\tfunction is called once. When a range is given the cursor is","\t\tpositioned at the start of the first line before executing the","\t\tfunction.","\t\tWhen a range is given and the function doesn't handle it","\t\titself, the function is executed for each line in the range,","\t\twith the cursor in the first column of that line. The cursor","\t\tis left at the last line (possibly moved by the last function","\t\tcall). The arguments are re-evaluated for each line. Thus","\t\tthis works:","\t\t\t\t\t\t*function-range-example* \u003e","\t:function Mynumber(arg)","\t: echo line(\".\") .. \" \" .. a:arg","\t:endfunction","\t:1,5call Mynumber(getline(\".\"))","\u003c","\t\tThe \"a:firstline\" and \"a:lastline\" are defined anyway, they","\t\tcan be used to do something different at the start or end of","\t\tthe range.","","\t\tExample of a function that handles the range itself: \u003e","","\t:function Cont() range","\t: execute (a:firstline + 1) .. \",\" .. a:lastline .. 's/^/\\t\\\\ '","\t:endfunction","\t:4,8call Cont()","\u003c","\t\tThis function inserts the continuation character \"\\\" in front","\t\tof all the lines in the range, except the first one.","","\t\tWhen the function returns a composite value it can be further","\t\tdereferenced, but the range will not be used then. Example: \u003e","\t:4,8call GetDict().method()","\u003c\t\tHere GetDict() gets the range but method() does not.","","\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t*E117*","When a function cannot be found the error \"E117: Unknown function\" will be","given. If the function was using an autoload path or an autoload import and","the script is a |Vim9| script, this may also be caused by the function not","being exported.","","\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t*E132*","The recursiveness of user functions is restricted with the |'maxfuncdepth'|","option.","","It is also possible to use `:eval`. It does not support a range, but does","allow for method chaining, e.g.: \u003e","\teval GetList()-\u003eFilter()-\u003eappend('$')","","A function can also be called as part of evaluating an expression or when it","is used as a method: \u003e","\tlet x = GetList()","\tlet y = GetList()-\u003eFilter()","","==============================================================================","","3. Cleaning up in a function ~","\t\t\t\t\t\t\t*:defer*",":defer {func}({args})\tCall {func} when the current function is done.","\t\t\t{args} are evaluated here.","","Quite often a command in a function has a global effect, which must be undone","when the function finishes. Handling this in all kinds of situations can be a","hassle. Especially when an unexpected error is encountered. This can be done","with `try` / `finally` blocks, but this gets complicated when there is more","than one.","","A much simpler solution is using `defer`. It schedules a function call when","the function is returning, no matter if there is an error. Example: \u003e","\tfunc Filter(text) abort","\t call writefile(a:text, 'Tempfile')","\t call system('filter \u003c Tempfile \u003e Outfile')","\t call Handle('Outfile')","\t call delete('Tempfile')","\t call delete('Outfile')","\tendfunc","","Here 'Tempfile' and 'Outfile' will not be deleted if something causes the","function to abort. `:defer` can be used to avoid that: \u003e","\tfunc Filter(text) abort","\t call writefile(a:text, 'Tempfile')","\t defer delete('Tempfile')","\t defer delete('Outfile')","\t call system('filter \u003c Tempfile \u003e Outfile')","\t call Handle('Outfile')","\tendfunc","","Note that deleting \"Outfile\" is scheduled before calling `system()`, since it","can be created even when `system()` fails.","","The deferred functions are called in reverse order, the last one added is","executed first. A useless example: \u003e","\tfunc Useless() abort","\t for s in range(3)","\t defer execute('echomsg \"number ' .. s .. '\"')","\t endfor","\tendfunc","","Now `:messages` shows:","\tnumber 2","\tnumber 1","\tnumber 0","","Any return value of the deferred function is discarded. The function cannot","be followed by anything, such as \"-\u003efunc\" or \".member\". Currently `:defer","GetArg()-\u003eTheFunc()` does not work, it may work in a later version.","","Errors are reported but do not cause aborting execution of deferred functions","or altering execution outside of deferred functions.","","No range is accepted. The function can be a partial with extra arguments, but","not with a dictionary. *E1300*","","==============================================================================","","4. Automatically loading functions ~","\t\t\t\t\t\t\t*autoload-functions*","When using many or large functions, it's possible to automatically define them","only when they are used. There are two methods: with an autocommand and with","the \"autoload\" directory in 'runtimepath'.","","In |Vim9| script there is also an autoload mechanism for imported scripts, see","|import-autoload|.","","","Using an autocommand ~","","This is introduced in the user manual, section |51.4|.","","The autocommand is useful if you have a plugin that is a long Vim script file.","You can define the autocommand and quickly quit the script with `:finish`.","That makes Vim startup faster. The autocommand should then load the same file","again, setting a variable to skip the `:finish` command.","","Use the FuncUndefined autocommand event with a pattern that matches the","function(s) to be defined. Example: \u003e","","\t:au FuncUndefined BufNet* source ~/vim/bufnetfuncs.vim","","The file \"~/vim/bufnetfuncs.vim\" should then define functions that start with","\"BufNet\". Also see |FuncUndefined|.","","","Using an autoload script ~","\t\t\t\t\t\t\t*autoload* *E746*","This is introduced in the user manual, section |52.2|.","","Using a script in the \"autoload\" directory is simpler, but requires using","exactly the right file name. A function that can be autoloaded has a name","like this: \u003e","","\t:call filename#funcname()","","These functions are always global, in Vim9 script \"g:\" needs to be used: \u003e","\t:call g:filename#funcname()","","When such a function is called, and it is not defined yet, Vim will search the","\"autoload\" directories in 'runtimepath' for a script file called","\"filename.vim\". For example \"~/.vim/autoload/filename.vim\". That file should","then define the function like this: \u003e","","\tfunction filename#funcname()","\t echo \"Done!\"","\tendfunction","","If the file doesn't exist, Vim will also search in 'packpath' (under \"start\")","to allow calling packages' functions from your .vimrc when the packages have","not been added to 'runtimepath' yet (see |packages|).","","The file name and the name used before the # in the function must match","exactly, and the defined function must have the name exactly as it will be","called. In Vim9 script the \"g:\" prefix must be used: \u003e","\tfunction g:filename#funcname()","","or for a compiled function: \u003e","\tdef g:filename#funcname()","","It is possible to use subdirectories. Every # in the function name works like","a path separator. Thus when calling a function: \u003e","","\t:call foo#bar#func()","","Vim will look for the file \"autoload/foo/bar.vim\" in 'runtimepath'.","","This also works when reading a variable that has not been set yet: \u003e","","\t:let l = foo#bar#lvar","","However, when the autoload script was already loaded it won't be loaded again","for an unknown variable.","","When assigning a value to such a variable nothing special happens. This can","be used to pass settings to the autoload script before it's loaded: \u003e","","\t:let foo#bar#toggle = 1","\t:call foo#bar#func()","","Note that when you make a mistake and call a function that is supposed to be","defined in an autoload script, but the script doesn't actually define the","function, you will get an error message for the missing function. If you fix","the autoload script it won't be automatically loaded again. Either restart","Vim or manually source the script.","","Also note that if you have two script files, and one calls a function in the","other and vice versa, before the used function is defined, it won't work.","Avoid using the autoload functionality at the toplevel.","","In |Vim9| script you will get error *E1263* if you define a function with","a \"#\" character in the name. You should use a name without \"#\" and use","`:export`.","","Hint: If you distribute a bunch of scripts you can pack them together with the","|vimball| utility. Also read the user manual |distribute-script|.","",""," 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style="padding-right:16px">530</div><div data-line-number="531" class="react-line-number react-code-text" style="padding-right:16px">531</div><div data-line-number="532" class="react-line-number react-code-text" style="padding-right:16px">532</div><div data-line-number="533" class="react-line-number react-code-text" style="padding-right:16px">533</div><div data-line-number="534" class="react-line-number react-code-text" style="padding-right:16px">534</div><div data-line-number="535" class="react-line-number react-code-text" style="padding-right:16px">535</div><div data-line-number="536" class="react-line-number react-code-text" style="padding-right:16px">536</div><div data-line-number="537" class="react-line-number react-code-text" style="padding-right:16px">537</div><div data-line-number="538" class="react-line-number react-code-text" style="padding-right:16px">538</div><div data-line-number="539" class="react-line-number react-code-text" style="padding-right:16px">539</div><div data-line-number="540" class="react-line-number react-code-text" style="padding-right:16px">540</div><div data-line-number="541" class="react-line-number react-code-text" style="padding-right:16px">541</div><div data-line-number="542" class="react-line-number react-code-text" style="padding-right:16px">542</div><div data-line-number="543" class="react-line-number react-code-text" style="padding-right:16px">543</div><div data-line-number="544" class="react-line-number react-code-text" style="padding-right:16px">544</div><div data-line-number="545" class="react-line-number react-code-text" style="padding-right:16px">545</div><div data-line-number="546" class="react-line-number react-code-text" style="padding-right:16px">546</div><div data-line-number="547" class="react-line-number react-code-text" style="padding-right:16px">547</div><div data-line-number="548" class="react-line-number react-code-text" style="padding-right:16px">548</div><div data-line-number="549" class="react-line-number react-code-text" style="padding-right:16px">549</div><div data-line-number="550" class="react-line-number react-code-text" style="padding-right:16px">550</div><div data-line-number="551" class="react-line-number react-code-text" style="padding-right:16px">551</div><div data-line-number="552" class="react-line-number react-code-text" style="padding-right:16px">552</div><div data-line-number="553" class="react-line-number react-code-text" style="padding-right:16px">553</div><div data-line-number="554" class="react-line-number react-code-text" style="padding-right:16px">554</div></div><div class="react-code-lines"><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC1" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="1" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-k">*userfunc.txt*</span> For <span class="pl-e">Vim version 9.1.</span> Last change: <span class="pl-c1">2023 May 23</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC2" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="2" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC3" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="3" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC4" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="4" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-mh"> <span class="pl-c1">VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar</span></span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC5" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="5" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC6" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="6" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC7" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="7" style="position:relative">Defining and using functions.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC8" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="8" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC9" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="9" style="position:relative">This is introduced in section <span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">41.7</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span> of the user manual.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC10" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="10" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC11" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="11" style="position:relative">1. Defining a function <span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">define-function</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC12" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="12" style="position:relative">2. Calling a function <span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">:call</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC13" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="13" style="position:relative">3. Cleaning up in a function <span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">:defer</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC14" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="14" style="position:relative">4. Automatically loading functions <span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">autoload-functions</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC15" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="15" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC16" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="16" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1">==============================================================================</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC17" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="17" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC18" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="18" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-mh">1. Defining a function <span class="pl-k">~</span></span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC19" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="19" style="position:relative"> <span class="pl-k">*define-function*</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC20" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="20" style="position:relative">New functions can be defined. These can be called just like builtin</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC21" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="21" style="position:relative">functions. The function executes a sequence of Ex commands. Normal mode</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC22" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="22" style="position:relative">commands can be executed with the <span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">:normal</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span> command.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC23" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="23" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC24" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="24" style="position:relative">The function name must start with an uppercase letter, to avoid confusion with</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC25" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="25" style="position:relative">builtin functions. To prevent from using the same name in different scripts</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC26" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="26" style="position:relative">make them script-local. If you do use a global function then avoid obvious,</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC27" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="27" style="position:relative">short names. A good habit is to start the function name with the name of the</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC28" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="28" style="position:relative">script, e.g., "HTMLcolor()".</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC29" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="29" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC30" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="30" style="position:relative">In legacy script it is also possible to use curly braces, see</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC31" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="31" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">curly-braces-names</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span>.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC32" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="32" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC33" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="33" style="position:relative">The <span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">autoload</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span> facility is useful to define a function only when it's called.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC34" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="34" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC35" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="35" style="position:relative"> <span class="pl-k">*local-function*</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC36" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="36" style="position:relative">A function local to a legacy script must start with "s:". A local script</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC37" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="37" style="position:relative">function can only be called from within the script and from functions, user</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC38" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="38" style="position:relative">commands and autocommands defined in the script. It is also possible to call</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC39" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="39" style="position:relative">the function from a mapping defined in the script, but then <span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1"><SID></span><span class="pl-ms">|</span> must be</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC40" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="40" style="position:relative">used instead of "s:" when the mapping is expanded outside of the script.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC41" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="41" style="position:relative">There are only script-local functions, no buffer-local or window-local</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC42" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="42" style="position:relative">functions.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC43" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="43" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC44" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="44" style="position:relative">In <span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">Vim9</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span> script functions are local to the script by default, prefix "g:" to</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC45" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="45" style="position:relative">define a global function.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC46" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="46" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC47" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="47" style="position:relative"> <span class="pl-k">*:fu*</span> <span class="pl-k">*:function*</span> <span class="pl-k">*E128*</span> <span class="pl-k">*E129*</span> <span class="pl-k">*E123*</span> <span class="pl-k">*E454*</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC48" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="48" style="position:relative">:fu[nction] List all functions and their arguments.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC49" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="49" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC50" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="50" style="position:relative">:fu[nction] <span class="pl-en">{name}</span> List function <span class="pl-en">{name}</span>.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC51" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="51" style="position:relative"> <span class="pl-en">{name}</span> can also be a <span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">Dictionary</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span> entry that is a</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC52" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="52" style="position:relative"> <span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">Funcref</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span>: <span class="pl-k">></span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC53" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="53" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> :function dict.init</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC54" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="54" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-k"><</span> Note that <span class="pl-en">{name}</span> is not an expression, you cannot use</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC55" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="55" style="position:relative"> a variable that is a function reference. You can use</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC56" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="56" style="position:relative"> this dirty trick to list the function referred to with</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC57" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="57" style="position:relative"> variable "Funcref": <span class="pl-k">></span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC58" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="58" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> let g:MyFuncref = Funcref</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC59" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="59" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> func g:MyFuncref</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC60" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="60" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> unlet g:MyFuncref</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC61" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="61" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC62" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="62" style="position:relative">:fu[nction] /<span class="pl-en">{pattern}</span> List functions with a name matching <span class="pl-en">{pattern}</span>.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC63" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="63" style="position:relative"> Example that lists all functions ending with "File": <span class="pl-k">></span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC64" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="64" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> :function /File$</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC65" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="65" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-k"><</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC66" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="66" style="position:relative"> <span class="pl-k">*:function-verbose*</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC67" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="67" style="position:relative">When <span class="pl-ent">'verbose'</span> is non-zero, listing a function will also display where it was</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC68" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="68" style="position:relative">last defined. Example: <span class="pl-k">></span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC69" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="69" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC70" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="70" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> :verbose function SetFileTypeSH</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC71" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="71" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> function SetFileTypeSH(name)</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC72" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="72" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> Last set from /usr/share/vim/vim-7.0/filetype.vim</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC73" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="73" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-k"><</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC74" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="74" style="position:relative">See <span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">:verbose-cmd</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span> for more information.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC75" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="75" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC76" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="76" style="position:relative"> <span class="pl-k">*E124*</span> <span class="pl-k">*E125*</span> <span class="pl-k">*E853*</span> <span class="pl-k">*E884*</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC77" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="77" style="position:relative">:fu[nction][!] <span class="pl-en">{name}</span>(<span class="pl-en">[arguments]</span>) <span class="pl-en">[range]</span> <span class="pl-en">[abort]</span> <span class="pl-en">[dict]</span> <span class="pl-en">[closure]</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC78" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="78" style="position:relative"> Define a new function by the name <span class="pl-en">{name}</span>. The body of</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC79" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="79" style="position:relative"> the function follows in the next lines, until the</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC80" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="80" style="position:relative"> matching <span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">:endfunction</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span>.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC81" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="81" style="position:relative"> <span class="pl-k">*E1267*</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC82" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="82" style="position:relative"> The name must be made of alphanumeric characters and</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC83" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="83" style="position:relative"> '_', and must start with a capital or "s:" (see</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC84" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="84" style="position:relative"> above). Note that using "b:" or "g:" is not allowed.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC85" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="85" style="position:relative"> (since patch 7.4.260 E884 is given if the function</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC86" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="86" style="position:relative"> name has a colon in the name, e.g. for "foo:bar()".</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC87" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="87" style="position:relative"> Before that patch no error was given).</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC88" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="88" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC89" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="89" style="position:relative"> <span class="pl-en">{name}</span> can also be a <span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">Dictionary</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span> entry that is a</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC90" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="90" style="position:relative"> <span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">Funcref</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span>: <span class="pl-k">></span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC91" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="91" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> :function dict.init(arg)</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC92" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="92" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-k"><</span> "dict" must be an existing dictionary. The entry</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC93" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="93" style="position:relative"> "init" is added if it didn't exist yet. Otherwise [!]</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC94" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="94" style="position:relative"> is required to overwrite an existing function. The</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC95" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="95" style="position:relative"> result is a <span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">Funcref</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span> to a numbered function. The</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC96" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="96" style="position:relative"> function can only be used with a <span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">Funcref</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span> and will be</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC97" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="97" style="position:relative"> deleted if there are no more references to it.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC98" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="98" style="position:relative"> <span class="pl-k">*E127*</span> <span class="pl-k">*E122*</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC99" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="99" style="position:relative"> When a function by this name already exists and [!] is</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC100" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="100" style="position:relative"> not used an error message is given. There is one</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC101" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="101" style="position:relative"> exception: When sourcing a script again, a function</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC102" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="102" style="position:relative"> that was previously defined in that script will be</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC103" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="103" style="position:relative"> silently replaced.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC104" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="104" style="position:relative"> When [!] is used, an existing function is silently</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC105" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="105" style="position:relative"> replaced. Unless it is currently being executed, that</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC106" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="106" style="position:relative"> is an error.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC107" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="107" style="position:relative"> NOTE: Use ! wisely. If used without care it can cause</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC108" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="108" style="position:relative"> an existing function to be replaced unexpectedly,</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC109" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="109" style="position:relative"> which is hard to debug.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC110" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="110" style="position:relative"> NOTE: In Vim9 script script-local functions cannot be</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC111" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="111" style="position:relative"> deleted or redefined.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC112" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="112" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC113" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="113" style="position:relative"> For the <span class="pl-en">{arguments}</span> see <span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">function-argument</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span>.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC114" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="114" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC115" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="115" style="position:relative"> <span class="pl-k">*:func-range*</span> <span class="pl-k">*a:firstline*</span> <span class="pl-k">*a:lastline*</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC116" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="116" style="position:relative"> When the <span class="pl-en">[range]</span> argument is added, the function is</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC117" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="117" style="position:relative"> expected to take care of a range itself. The range is</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC118" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="118" style="position:relative"> passed as "a:firstline" and "a:lastline". If <span class="pl-en">[range]</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC119" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="119" style="position:relative"> is excluded, ":<span class="pl-en">{range}</span>call" will call the function for</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC120" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="120" style="position:relative"> each line in the range, with the cursor on the start</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC121" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="121" style="position:relative"> of each line. See <span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">function-range-example</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span>.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC122" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="122" style="position:relative"> The cursor is still moved to the first line of the</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC123" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="123" style="position:relative"> range, as is the case with all Ex commands.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC124" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="124" style="position:relative"> <span class="pl-k">*:func-abort*</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC125" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="125" style="position:relative"> When the <span class="pl-en">[abort]</span> argument is added, the function will</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC126" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="126" style="position:relative"> abort as soon as an error is detected.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC127" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="127" style="position:relative"> <span class="pl-k">*:func-dict*</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC128" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="128" style="position:relative"> When the <span class="pl-en">[dict]</span> argument is added, the function must</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC129" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="129" style="position:relative"> be invoked through an entry in a <span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">Dictionary</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span>. The</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC130" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="130" style="position:relative"> local variable "self" will then be set to the</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC131" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="131" style="position:relative"> dictionary. See <span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">Dictionary-function</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span>.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC132" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="132" style="position:relative"> <span class="pl-k">*:func-closure*</span> <span class="pl-k">*E932*</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC133" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="133" style="position:relative"> When the <span class="pl-en">[closure]</span> argument is added, the function</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC134" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="134" style="position:relative"> can access variables and arguments from the outer</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC135" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="135" style="position:relative"> scope. This is usually called a closure. In this</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC136" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="136" style="position:relative"> example Bar() uses "x" from the scope of Foo(). It</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC137" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="137" style="position:relative"> remains referenced even after Foo() returns: <span class="pl-k">></span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC138" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="138" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> :function! Foo()</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC139" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="139" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> : let x = 0</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC140" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="140" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> : function! Bar() closure</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC141" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="141" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> : let x += 1</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC142" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="142" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> : return x</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC143" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="143" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> : endfunction</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC144" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="144" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> : return funcref('Bar')</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC145" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="145" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> :endfunction</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC146" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="146" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC147" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="147" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> :let F = Foo()</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC148" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="148" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> :echo F()</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC149" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="149" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-k"><</span> 1 <span class="pl-k">></span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC150" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="150" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> :echo F()</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC151" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="151" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-k"><</span> 2 <span class="pl-k">></span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC152" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="152" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> :echo F()</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC153" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="153" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-k"><</span> 3</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC154" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="154" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC155" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="155" style="position:relative"> <span class="pl-k">*function-search-undo*</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC156" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="156" style="position:relative"> The last used search pattern and the redo command "."</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC157" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="157" style="position:relative"> will not be changed by the function. This also</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC158" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="158" style="position:relative"> implies that the effect of <span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">:nohlsearch</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span> is undone</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC159" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="159" style="position:relative"> when the function returns.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC160" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="160" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC161" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="161" style="position:relative"> <span class="pl-k">*:endf*</span> <span class="pl-k">*:endfunction*</span> <span class="pl-k">*E126*</span> <span class="pl-k">*E193*</span> <span class="pl-k">*W22*</span> <span class="pl-k">*E1151*</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC162" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="162" style="position:relative">:endf[unction] <span class="pl-en">[argument]</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC163" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="163" style="position:relative"> The end of a function definition. Best is to put it</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC164" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="164" style="position:relative"> on a line by its own, without <span class="pl-en">[argument]</span>.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC165" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="165" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC166" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="166" style="position:relative"> <span class="pl-en">[argument]</span> can be:</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC167" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="167" style="position:relative"> | command command to execute next</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC168" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="168" style="position:relative"> \n command command to execute next</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC169" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="169" style="position:relative"> " comment always ignored</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC170" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="170" style="position:relative"> anything else ignored, warning given when</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC171" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="171" style="position:relative"> <span class="pl-ent">'verbose'</span> is non-zero</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC172" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="172" style="position:relative"> The support for a following command was added in Vim</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC173" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="173" style="position:relative"> 8.0.0654, before that any argument was silently</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC174" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="174" style="position:relative"> ignored.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC175" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="175" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC176" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="176" style="position:relative"> To be able to define a function inside an <span class="pl-c1">`:<span class="pl-c1">execute</span>`</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC177" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="177" style="position:relative"> command, use line breaks instead of <span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">:bar</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span>: <span class="pl-k">></span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC178" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="178" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> :exe "func Foo()\necho 'foo'\nendfunc"</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC179" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="179" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-k"><</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC180" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="180" style="position:relative"> <span class="pl-k">*:delf*</span> <span class="pl-k">*:delfunction*</span> <span class="pl-k">*E131*</span> <span class="pl-k">*E933*</span> <span class="pl-k">*E1084*</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC181" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="181" style="position:relative">:delf[unction][!] <span class="pl-en">{name}</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC182" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="182" style="position:relative"> Delete function <span class="pl-en">{name}</span>.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC183" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="183" style="position:relative"> <span class="pl-en">{name}</span> can also be a <span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">Dictionary</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span> entry that is a</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC184" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="184" style="position:relative"> <span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">Funcref</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span>: <span class="pl-k">></span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC185" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="185" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> :delfunc dict.init</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC186" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="186" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-k"><</span> This will remove the "init" entry from "dict". The</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC187" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="187" style="position:relative"> function is deleted if there are no more references to</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC188" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="188" style="position:relative"> it.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC189" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="189" style="position:relative"> With the ! there is no error if the function does not</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC190" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="190" style="position:relative"> exist.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC191" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="191" style="position:relative"> <span class="pl-k">*:retu*</span> <span class="pl-k">*:return*</span> <span class="pl-k">*E133*</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC192" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="192" style="position:relative">:retu[rn] <span class="pl-en">[expr]</span> Return from a function. When "[expr]" is given, it is</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC193" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="193" style="position:relative"> evaluated and returned as the result of the function.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC194" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="194" style="position:relative"> If "[expr]" is not given, the number 0 is returned.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC195" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="195" style="position:relative"> When a function ends without an explicit ":return",</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC196" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="196" style="position:relative"> the number 0 is returned.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC197" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="197" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC198" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="198" style="position:relative"> In a :def function <span class="pl-k">*E1095*</span> is given if unreachable</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC199" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="199" style="position:relative"> code follows after the <span class="pl-c1">`:<span class="pl-k">return</span>`</span>.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC200" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="200" style="position:relative"> In legacy script there is no check for unreachable</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC201" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="201" style="position:relative"> lines, thus there is no warning if commands follow</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC202" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="202" style="position:relative"> <span class="pl-c1">`:<span class="pl-k">return</span>`</span>. Also, there is no check if the following</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC203" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="203" style="position:relative"> line contains a valid command. Forgetting the line</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC204" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="204" style="position:relative"> continuation backslash may go unnoticed: <span class="pl-k">></span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC205" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="205" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> return 'some text'</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC206" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="206" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> .. ' some more text'</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC207" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="207" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-k"><</span> Will happily return "some text" without an error. It</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC208" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="208" style="position:relative"> should have been: <span class="pl-k">></span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC209" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="209" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> return 'some text'</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC210" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="210" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> \ .. ' some more text'</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC211" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="211" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-k"><</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC212" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="212" style="position:relative"> If the ":return" is used after a <span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">:try</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span> but before the</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC213" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="213" style="position:relative"> matching <span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">:finally</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span> (if present), the commands</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC214" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="214" style="position:relative"> following the ":finally" up to the matching <span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">:endtry</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC215" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="215" style="position:relative"> are executed first. This process applies to all</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC216" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="216" style="position:relative"> nested ":try"s inside the function. The function</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC217" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="217" style="position:relative"> returns at the outermost ":endtry".</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC218" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="218" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC219" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="219" style="position:relative"> <span class="pl-k">*function-argument*</span> <span class="pl-k">*a:var*</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC220" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="220" style="position:relative">An argument can be defined by giving its name. In the function this can then</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC221" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="221" style="position:relative">be used as "a:name" ("a:" for argument) (in a <span class="pl-c1">`:<span class="pl-c1">def</span>`</span> function "a:" is not</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC222" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="222" style="position:relative">used).</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC223" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="223" style="position:relative"> <span class="pl-k">*a:0*</span> <span class="pl-k">*a:1*</span> <span class="pl-k">*a:000*</span> <span class="pl-k">*E740*</span> <span class="pl-k">*...*</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC224" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="224" style="position:relative">Up to 20 arguments can be given, separated by commas. After the named</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC225" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="225" style="position:relative">arguments an argument "..." can be specified, which means that more arguments</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC226" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="226" style="position:relative">may optionally be following. In the function the extra arguments can be used</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC227" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="227" style="position:relative">as "a:1", "a:2", etc. "a:0" is set to the number of extra arguments (which</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC228" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="228" style="position:relative">can be 0). "a:000" is set to a <span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">List</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span> that contains these arguments. Note</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC229" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="229" style="position:relative">that "a:1" is the same as "a:000[0]".</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC230" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="230" style="position:relative"> <span class="pl-k">*E742*</span> <span class="pl-k">*E1090*</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC231" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="231" style="position:relative">The a: scope and the variables in it cannot be changed, they are fixed.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC232" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="232" style="position:relative">However, if a composite type is used, such as <span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">List</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span> or <span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">Dictionary</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span> , you can</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC233" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="233" style="position:relative">change their contents. Thus you can pass a <span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">List</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span> to a function and have the</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC234" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="234" style="position:relative">function add an item to it. If you want to make sure the function cannot</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC235" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="235" style="position:relative">change a <span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">List</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span> or <span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">Dictionary</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span> use <span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">:lockvar</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span>.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC236" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="236" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC237" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="237" style="position:relative">It is also possible to define a function without any arguments. You must</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC238" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="238" style="position:relative">still supply the () then.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC239" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="239" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC240" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="240" style="position:relative">It is allowed to define another function inside a function body.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC241" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="241" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC242" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="242" style="position:relative"> <span class="pl-k">*optional-function-argument*</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC243" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="243" style="position:relative">You can provide default values for positional named arguments. This makes</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC244" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="244" style="position:relative">them optional for function calls. When a positional argument is not</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC245" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="245" style="position:relative">specified at a call, the default expression is used to initialize it.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC246" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="246" style="position:relative">This only works for functions declared with <span class="pl-c1">`:<span class="pl-k">function</span>`</span> or <span class="pl-c1">`:<span class="pl-c1">def</span>`</span>, not for</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC247" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="247" style="position:relative">lambda expressions <span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">expr-lambda</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span>.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC248" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="248" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC249" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="249" style="position:relative">Example: <span class="pl-k">></span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC250" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="250" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> function Something(key, value = 10)</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC251" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="251" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> echo a:key .. ": " .. a:value</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC252" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="252" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> endfunction</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC253" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="253" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> call Something('empty') "empty: 10"</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC254" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="254" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> call Something('key', 20) "key: 20"</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC255" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="255" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC256" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="256" style="position:relative">The argument default expressions are evaluated at the time of the function</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC257" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="257" style="position:relative">call, not when the function is defined. Thus it is possible to use an</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC258" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="258" style="position:relative">expression which is invalid the moment the function is defined. The</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC259" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="259" style="position:relative">expressions are also only evaluated when arguments are not specified during a</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC260" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="260" style="position:relative">call.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC261" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="261" style="position:relative"> <span class="pl-k">*none-function_argument*</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC262" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="262" style="position:relative">You can pass <span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">v:none</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span> to use the default expression. Note that this means you</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC263" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="263" style="position:relative">cannot pass v:none as an ordinary value when an argument has a default</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC264" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="264" style="position:relative">expression.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC265" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="265" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC266" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="266" style="position:relative">Example: <span class="pl-k">></span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC267" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="267" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> function Something(a = 10, b = 20, c = 30)</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC268" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="268" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> endfunction</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC269" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="269" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> call Something(1, v:none, 3) " b = 20</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC270" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="270" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-k"><</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC271" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="271" style="position:relative"> <span class="pl-k">*E989*</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC272" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="272" style="position:relative">Optional arguments with default expressions must occur after any mandatory</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC273" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="273" style="position:relative">arguments. You can use "..." after all optional named arguments.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC274" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="274" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC275" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="275" style="position:relative">It is possible for later argument defaults to refer to prior arguments,</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC276" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="276" style="position:relative">but not the other way around. They must be prefixed with "a:", as with all</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC277" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="277" style="position:relative">arguments.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC278" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="278" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC279" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="279" style="position:relative">Example that works: <span class="pl-k">></span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC280" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="280" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> :function Okay(mandatory, optional = a:mandatory)</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC281" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="281" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> :endfunction</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC282" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="282" style="position:relative">Example that does NOT work: <span class="pl-k">></span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC283" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="283" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> :function NoGood(first = a:second, second = 10)</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC284" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="284" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> :endfunction</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC285" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="285" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-k"><</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC286" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="286" style="position:relative">When not using "...", the number of arguments in a function call must be at</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC287" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="287" style="position:relative">least equal to the number of mandatory named arguments. When using "...", the</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC288" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="288" style="position:relative">number of arguments may be larger than the total of mandatory and optional</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC289" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="289" style="position:relative">arguments.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC290" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="290" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC291" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="291" style="position:relative"> <span class="pl-k">*local-variables*</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC292" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="292" style="position:relative">Inside a function local variables can be used. These will disappear when the</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC293" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="293" style="position:relative">function returns. Global variables need to be accessed with "g:".</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC294" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="294" style="position:relative">Inside functions local variables are accessed without prepending anything.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC295" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="295" style="position:relative">But you can also prepend "l:" if you like. This is required for some reserved</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC296" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="296" style="position:relative">names, such as "count".</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC297" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="297" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC298" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="298" style="position:relative">Example: <span class="pl-k">></span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC299" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="299" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> :function Table(title, ...)</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC300" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="300" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> : echohl Title</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC301" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="301" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> : echo a:title</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC302" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="302" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> : echohl None</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC303" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="303" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> : echo a:0 .. " items:"</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC304" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="304" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> : for s in a:000</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC305" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="305" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> : echon ' ' .. s</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC306" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="306" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> : endfor</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC307" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="307" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> :endfunction</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC308" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="308" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC309" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="309" style="position:relative">This function can then be called with: <span class="pl-k">></span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC310" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="310" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> call Table("Table", "line1", "line2")</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC311" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="311" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> call Table("Empty Table")</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC312" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="312" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC313" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="313" style="position:relative">To return more than one value, return a <span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">List</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span>: <span class="pl-k">></span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC314" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="314" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> :function Compute(n1, n2)</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC315" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="315" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> : if a:n2 == 0</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC316" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="316" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> : return ["fail", 0]</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC317" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="317" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> : endif</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC318" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="318" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> : return ["ok", a:n1 / a:n2]</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC319" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="319" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> :endfunction</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC320" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="320" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC321" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="321" style="position:relative">This function can then be called with: <span class="pl-k">></span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC322" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="322" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> :let [success, div] = Compute(102, 6)</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC323" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="323" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> :if success == "ok"</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC324" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="324" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> : echo div</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC325" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="325" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> :endif</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC326" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="326" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-k"><</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC327" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="327" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1">==============================================================================</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC328" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="328" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC329" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="329" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-mh">2. Calling a function <span class="pl-k">~</span></span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC330" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="330" style="position:relative"> <span class="pl-k">*:cal*</span> <span class="pl-k">*:call*</span> <span class="pl-k">*E107*</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC331" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="331" style="position:relative">:<span class="pl-en">[range]</span>cal[l] <span class="pl-en">{name}</span>(<span class="pl-en">[arguments]</span>)</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC332" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="332" style="position:relative"> Call a function. The name of the function and its arguments</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC333" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="333" style="position:relative"> are as specified with <span class="pl-c1">`:<span class="pl-k">function</span>`</span>. Up to 20 arguments can be</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC334" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="334" style="position:relative"> used. The returned value is discarded.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC335" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="335" style="position:relative"> In <span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">Vim9</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span> script using <span class="pl-c1">`:<span class="pl-c1">call</span>`</span> is optional, these two lines do</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC336" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="336" style="position:relative"> the same thing: <span class="pl-k">></span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC337" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="337" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> call SomeFunc(arg)</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC338" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="338" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> SomeFunc(arg)</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC339" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="339" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-k"><</span> Without a range and for functions that accept a range, the</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC340" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="340" style="position:relative"> function is called once. When a range is given the cursor is</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC341" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="341" style="position:relative"> positioned at the start of the first line before executing the</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC342" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="342" style="position:relative"> function.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC343" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="343" style="position:relative"> When a range is given and the function doesn't handle it</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC344" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="344" style="position:relative"> itself, the function is executed for each line in the range,</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC345" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="345" style="position:relative"> with the cursor in the first column of that line. The cursor</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC346" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="346" style="position:relative"> is left at the last line (possibly moved by the last function</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC347" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="347" style="position:relative"> call). The arguments are re-evaluated for each line. Thus</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC348" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="348" style="position:relative"> this works:</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC349" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="349" style="position:relative"> <span class="pl-k">*function-range-example*</span> <span class="pl-k">></span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC350" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="350" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> :function Mynumber(arg)</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC351" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="351" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> : echo line(".") .. " " .. a:arg</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC352" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="352" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> :endfunction</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC353" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="353" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> :1,5call Mynumber(getline("."))</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC354" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="354" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-k"><</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC355" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="355" style="position:relative"> The "a:firstline" and "a:lastline" are defined anyway, they</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC356" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="356" style="position:relative"> can be used to do something different at the start or end of</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC357" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="357" style="position:relative"> the range.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC358" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="358" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC359" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="359" style="position:relative"> Example of a function that handles the range itself: <span class="pl-k">></span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC360" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="360" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC361" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="361" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> :function Cont() range</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC362" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="362" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> : execute (a:firstline + 1) .. "," .. a:lastline .. 's/^/\t\\ '</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC363" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="363" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> :endfunction</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC364" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="364" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> :4,8call Cont()</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC365" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="365" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-k"><</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC366" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="366" style="position:relative"> This function inserts the continuation character "\" in front</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC367" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="367" style="position:relative"> of all the lines in the range, except the first one.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC368" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="368" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC369" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="369" style="position:relative"> When the function returns a composite value it can be further</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC370" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="370" style="position:relative"> dereferenced, but the range will not be used then. Example: <span class="pl-k">></span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC371" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="371" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> :4,8call GetDict().method()</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC372" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="372" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-k"><</span> Here GetDict() gets the range but method() does not.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC373" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="373" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC374" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="374" style="position:relative"> <span class="pl-k">*E117*</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC375" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="375" style="position:relative">When a function cannot be found the error "E117: Unknown function" will be</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC376" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="376" style="position:relative">given. If the function was using an autoload path or an autoload import and</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC377" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="377" style="position:relative">the script is a <span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">Vim9</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span> script, this may also be caused by the function not</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC378" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="378" style="position:relative">being exported.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC379" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="379" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC380" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="380" style="position:relative"> <span class="pl-k">*E132*</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC381" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="381" style="position:relative">The recursiveness of user functions is restricted with the <span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">'maxfuncdepth'</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC382" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="382" style="position:relative">option.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC383" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="383" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC384" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="384" style="position:relative">It is also possible to use <span class="pl-c1">`:<span class="pl-c1">eval</span>`</span>. It does not support a range, but does</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC385" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="385" style="position:relative">allow for method chaining, e.g.: <span class="pl-k">></span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC386" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="386" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> eval GetList()->Filter()->append('$')</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC387" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="387" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC388" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="388" style="position:relative">A function can also be called as part of evaluating an expression or when it</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC389" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="389" style="position:relative">is used as a method: <span class="pl-k">></span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC390" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="390" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> let x = GetList()</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC391" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="391" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> let y = GetList()->Filter()</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC392" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="392" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC393" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="393" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1">==============================================================================</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC394" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="394" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC395" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="395" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-mh">3. Cleaning up in a function <span class="pl-k">~</span></span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC396" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="396" style="position:relative"> <span class="pl-k">*:defer*</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC397" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="397" style="position:relative">:defer <span class="pl-en">{func}</span>(<span class="pl-en">{args}</span>) Call <span class="pl-en">{func}</span> when the current function is done.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC398" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="398" style="position:relative"> <span class="pl-en">{args}</span> are evaluated here.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC399" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="399" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC400" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="400" style="position:relative">Quite often a command in a function has a global effect, which must be undone</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC401" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="401" style="position:relative">when the function finishes. Handling this in all kinds of situations can be a</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC402" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="402" style="position:relative">hassle. Especially when an unexpected error is encountered. This can be done</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC403" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="403" style="position:relative">with <span class="pl-c1">`<span class="pl-k">try</span>`</span> / <span class="pl-c1">`<span class="pl-k">finally</span>`</span> blocks, but this gets complicated when there is more</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC404" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="404" style="position:relative">than one.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC405" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="405" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC406" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="406" style="position:relative">A much simpler solution is using <span class="pl-c1">`<span class="pl-c1">defer</span>`</span>. It schedules a function call when</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC407" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="407" style="position:relative">the function is returning, no matter if there is an error. Example: <span class="pl-k">></span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC408" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="408" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> func Filter(text) abort</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC409" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="409" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> call writefile(a:text, 'Tempfile')</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC410" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="410" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> call system('filter < Tempfile > Outfile')</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC411" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="411" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> call Handle('Outfile')</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC412" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="412" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> call delete('Tempfile')</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC413" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="413" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> call delete('Outfile')</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC414" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="414" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> endfunc</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC415" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="415" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC416" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="416" style="position:relative">Here 'Tempfile' and 'Outfile' will not be deleted if something causes the</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC417" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="417" style="position:relative">function to abort. <span class="pl-c1">`:<span class="pl-c1">defer</span>`</span> can be used to avoid that: <span class="pl-k">></span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC418" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="418" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> func Filter(text) abort</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC419" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="419" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> call writefile(a:text, 'Tempfile')</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC420" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="420" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> defer delete('Tempfile')</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC421" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="421" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> defer delete('Outfile')</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC422" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="422" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> call system('filter < Tempfile > Outfile')</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC423" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="423" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> call Handle('Outfile')</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC424" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="424" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> endfunc</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC425" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="425" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC426" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="426" style="position:relative">Note that deleting "Outfile" is scheduled before calling <span class="pl-c1">`<span class="pl-en">system</span>()`</span>, since it</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC427" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="427" style="position:relative">can be created even when <span class="pl-c1">`<span class="pl-en">system</span>()`</span> fails.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC428" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="428" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC429" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="429" style="position:relative">The deferred functions are called in reverse order, the last one added is</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC430" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="430" style="position:relative">executed first. A useless example: <span class="pl-k">></span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC431" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="431" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> func Useless() abort</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC432" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="432" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> for s in range(3)</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC433" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="433" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> defer execute('echomsg "number ' .. s .. '"')</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC434" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="434" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> endfor</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC435" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="435" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> endfunc</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC436" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="436" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC437" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="437" style="position:relative">Now <span class="pl-c1">`:<span class="pl-c1">messages</span>`</span> shows:</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC438" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="438" style="position:relative"> number 2</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC439" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="439" style="position:relative"> number 1</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC440" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="440" style="position:relative"> number 0</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC441" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="441" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC442" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="442" style="position:relative">Any return value of the deferred function is discarded. The function cannot</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC443" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="443" style="position:relative">be followed by anything, such as "->func" or ".member". Currently `:defer</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC444" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="444" style="position:relative">GetArg()->TheFunc()` does not work, it may work in a later version.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC445" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="445" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC446" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="446" style="position:relative">Errors are reported but do not cause aborting execution of deferred functions</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC447" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="447" style="position:relative">or altering execution outside of deferred functions.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC448" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="448" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC449" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="449" style="position:relative">No range is accepted. The function can be a partial with extra arguments, but</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC450" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="450" style="position:relative">not with a dictionary. <span class="pl-k">*E1300*</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC451" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="451" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC452" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="452" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1">==============================================================================</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC453" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="453" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC454" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="454" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-mh">4. Automatically loading functions <span class="pl-k">~</span></span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC455" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="455" style="position:relative"> <span class="pl-k">*autoload-functions*</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC456" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="456" style="position:relative">When using many or large functions, it's possible to automatically define them</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC457" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="457" style="position:relative">only when they are used. There are two methods: with an autocommand and with</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC458" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="458" style="position:relative">the "autoload" directory in <span class="pl-ent">'runtimepath'</span>.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC459" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="459" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC460" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="460" style="position:relative">In <span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">Vim9</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span> script there is also an autoload mechanism for imported scripts, see</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC461" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="461" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">import-autoload</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span>.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC462" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="462" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC463" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="463" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC464" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="464" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-mh">Using an autocommand <span class="pl-k">~</span></span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC465" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="465" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC466" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="466" style="position:relative">This is introduced in the user manual, section <span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">51.4</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span>.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC467" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="467" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC468" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="468" style="position:relative">The autocommand is useful if you have a plugin that is a long Vim script file.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC469" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="469" style="position:relative">You can define the autocommand and quickly quit the script with <span class="pl-c1">`:<span class="pl-k">finish</span>`</span>.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC470" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="470" style="position:relative">That makes Vim startup faster. The autocommand should then load the same file</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC471" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="471" style="position:relative">again, setting a variable to skip the <span class="pl-c1">`:<span class="pl-k">finish</span>`</span> command.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC472" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="472" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC473" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="473" style="position:relative">Use the FuncUndefined autocommand event with a pattern that matches the</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC474" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="474" style="position:relative">function(s) to be defined. Example: <span class="pl-k">></span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC475" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="475" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC476" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="476" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> :au FuncUndefined BufNet* source ~/vim/bufnetfuncs.vim</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC477" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="477" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC478" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="478" style="position:relative">The file "~/vim/bufnetfuncs.vim" should then define functions that start with</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC479" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="479" style="position:relative">"BufNet". Also see <span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">FuncUndefined</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span>.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC480" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="480" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC481" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="481" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC482" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="482" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-mh">Using an autoload script <span class="pl-k">~</span></span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC483" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="483" style="position:relative"> <span class="pl-k">*autoload*</span> <span class="pl-k">*E746*</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC484" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="484" style="position:relative">This is introduced in the user manual, section <span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">52.2</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span>.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC485" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="485" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC486" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="486" style="position:relative">Using a script in the "autoload" directory is simpler, but requires using</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC487" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="487" style="position:relative">exactly the right file name. A function that can be autoloaded has a name</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC488" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="488" style="position:relative">like this: <span class="pl-k">></span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC489" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="489" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC490" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="490" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> :call filename#funcname()</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC491" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="491" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC492" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="492" style="position:relative">These functions are always global, in Vim9 script "g:" needs to be used: <span class="pl-k">></span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC493" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="493" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> :call g:filename#funcname()</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC494" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="494" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC495" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="495" style="position:relative">When such a function is called, and it is not defined yet, Vim will search the</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC496" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="496" style="position:relative">"autoload" directories in <span class="pl-ent">'runtimepath'</span> for a script file called</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC497" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="497" style="position:relative">"filename.vim". For example "~/.vim/autoload/filename.vim". That file should</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC498" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="498" style="position:relative">then define the function like this: <span class="pl-k">></span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC499" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="499" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC500" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="500" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> function filename#funcname()</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC501" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="501" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> echo "Done!"</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC502" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="502" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> endfunction</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC503" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="503" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC504" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="504" style="position:relative">If the file doesn't exist, Vim will also search in <span class="pl-ent">'packpath'</span> (under "start")</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC505" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="505" style="position:relative">to allow calling packages' functions from your .vimrc when the packages have</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC506" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="506" style="position:relative">not been added to <span class="pl-ent">'runtimepath'</span> yet (see <span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">packages</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span>).</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC507" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="507" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC508" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="508" style="position:relative">The file name and the name used before the # in the function must match</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC509" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="509" style="position:relative">exactly, and the defined function must have the name exactly as it will be</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC510" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="510" style="position:relative">called. In Vim9 script the "g:" prefix must be used: <span class="pl-k">></span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC511" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="511" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> function g:filename#funcname()</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC512" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="512" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC513" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="513" style="position:relative">or for a compiled function: <span class="pl-k">></span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC514" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="514" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> def g:filename#funcname()</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC515" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="515" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC516" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="516" style="position:relative">It is possible to use subdirectories. Every # in the function name works like</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC517" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="517" style="position:relative">a path separator. Thus when calling a function: <span class="pl-k">></span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC518" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="518" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC519" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="519" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> :call foo#bar#func()</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC520" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="520" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC521" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="521" style="position:relative">Vim will look for the file "autoload/foo/bar.vim" in <span class="pl-ent">'runtimepath'</span>.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC522" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="522" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC523" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="523" style="position:relative">This also works when reading a variable that has not been set yet: <span class="pl-k">></span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC524" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="524" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC525" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="525" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> :let l = foo#bar#lvar</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC526" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="526" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC527" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="527" style="position:relative">However, when the autoload script was already loaded it won't be loaded again</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC528" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="528" style="position:relative">for an unknown variable.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC529" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="529" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC530" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="530" style="position:relative">When assigning a value to such a variable nothing special happens. This can</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC531" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="531" style="position:relative">be used to pass settings to the autoload script before it's loaded: <span class="pl-k">></span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC532" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="532" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC533" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="533" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> :let foo#bar#toggle = 1</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC534" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="534" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1"> :call foo#bar#func()</span></div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC535" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="535" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC536" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="536" style="position:relative">Note that when you make a mistake and call a function that is supposed to be</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC537" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="537" style="position:relative">defined in an autoload script, but the script doesn't actually define the</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC538" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="538" style="position:relative">function, you will get an error message for the missing function. If you fix</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC539" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="539" style="position:relative">the autoload script it won't be automatically loaded again. Either restart</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC540" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="540" style="position:relative">Vim or manually source the script.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC541" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="541" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC542" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="542" style="position:relative">Also note that if you have two script files, and one calls a function in the</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC543" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="543" style="position:relative">other and vice versa, before the used function is defined, it won't work.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC544" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="544" style="position:relative">Avoid using the autoload functionality at the toplevel.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC545" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="545" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC546" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="546" style="position:relative">In <span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">Vim9</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span> script you will get error <span class="pl-k">*E1263*</span> if you define a function with</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC547" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="547" style="position:relative">a "#" character in the name. You should use a name without "#" and use</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC548" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="548" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-c1">`:<span class="pl-c1">export</span>`</span>.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC549" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="549" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC550" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="550" style="position:relative">Hint: If you distribute a bunch of scripts you can pack them together with the</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC551" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="551" style="position:relative"><span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">vimball</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span> utility. Also read the user manual <span class="pl-ms">|</span><span class="pl-c1">distribute-script</span><span class="pl-ms">|</span>.</div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC552" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="552" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC553" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="553" style="position:relative"> </div></div></div><div class="react-code-text react-code-line-contents" style="min-height:auto"><div><div id="LC554" class="react-file-line html-div" data-testid="code-cell" data-line-number="554" style="position:relative"> vim:tw=78:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl:</div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="copilot-button-container"></div></div><div id="highlighted-line-menu-container"></div></div></div><button hidden="" 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