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entropy</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: absolute entropy"> <meta name="keywords" content="absolute entropy"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="absolute entropy"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 910</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: absolute entropy</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">760</span> Active Thermography Technique for High-Entropy Alloy Characterization Deposited with Cold Spray Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nazanin%20Sheibanian">Nazanin Sheibanian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raffaella%20Sesana"> Raffaella Sesana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sedat%20Ozbilen"> Sedat Ozbilen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, high-entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted considerable attention due to their unique properties and potential applications. In this study, novel HEA coatings were prepared on Mg substrates using mechanically alloyed HEA powder feedstocks based on Al_(0.1-0.5)CoCrCuFeNi and MnCoCrCuFeNi multi-material systems. The coatings were deposited by the Cold Spray (CS) process using three different temperatures of the process gas (N2) (650°C, 750°C, and 850°C) to examine the effect of gas temperature on coating properties. In this study, Infrared Thermography (non-destructive) was examined as a possible quality control technique for HEA coatings applied to magnesium substrates. Active Thermography was employed to characterize coating properties using the thermal response of the coating. Various HEA chemical compositions and deposition temperatures have been investigated. As a part of this study, a comprehensive macro and microstructural analysis of Cold Spray (CS) HEA coatings has been conducted using macrophotography, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM+EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), microhardness tests, roughness measurements, and porosity assessments. These analyses provided insight into phase identification, microstructure characterization, deposition, particle deformation behavior, bonding mechanisms, and identifying a possible relationship between physical properties and thermal responses. Based on the figures and tables, it is evident that the Maximum Relative Radiance (∆RMax) of each sample differs depending on both the chemical composition of HEA and the temperature at which Cold Spray is applied. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20thermography" title="active thermography">active thermography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coating" title=" coating"> coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cold%20%20spray" title=" cold spray"> cold spray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high-%20entropy%20alloy" title=" high- entropy alloy"> high- entropy alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=material%20characterization" title=" material characterization"> material characterization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170771/active-thermography-technique-for-high-entropy-alloy-characterization-deposited-with-cold-spray-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170771.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">72</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">759</span> Understanding the Processwise Entropy Framework in a Heat-powered Cooling Cycle</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20R.%20Chauhan">P. R. Chauhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20K.%20Tyagi"> S. K. Tyagi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Adsorption refrigeration technology offers a sustainable and energy-efficient cooling alternative over traditional refrigeration technologies for meeting the fast-growing cooling demands. With its ability to utilize natural refrigerants, low-grade heat sources, and modular configurations, it has the potential to revolutionize the cooling industry. Despite these benefits, the commercial viability of this technology is hampered by several fundamental limiting constraints, including its large size, low uptake capacity, and poor performance as a result of deficient heat and mass transfer characteristics. The primary cause of adequate heat and mass transfer characteristics and magnitude of exergy loss in various real processes of adsorption cooling system can be assessed by the entropy generation rate analysis, i. e. Second law of Thermodynamics. Therefore, this article presents the second law of thermodynamic-based investigation in terms of entropy generation rate (EGR) to identify the energy losses in various processes of the HPCC-based adsorption system using MATLAB R2021b software. The adsorption technology-based cooling system consists of two beds made up of silica gel and arranged in a single stage, while the water is employed as a refrigerant, coolant, and hot fluid. The variation in process-wise EGR is examined corresponding to cycle time, and a comparative analysis is also presented. Moreover, the EGR is also evaluated in the external units, such as the heat source and heat sink unit used for regeneration and heat dump, respectively. The research findings revealed that the combination of adsorber and desorber, which operates across heat reservoirs with a higher temperature gradient, shares more than half of the total amount of EGR. Moreover, the EGR caused by the heat transfer process is determined to be the highest, followed by a heat sink, heat source, and mass transfer, respectively. in case of heat transfer process, the operation of the valve is determined to be responsible for more than half (54.9%) of the overall EGR during the heat transfer. However, the combined contribution of the external units, such as the source (18.03%) and sink (21.55%), to the total EGR, is 35.59%. The analysis and findings of the present research are expected to pinpoint the source of the energy waste in HPCC based adsorption cooling systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption%20cooling%20cycle" title="adsorption cooling cycle">adsorption cooling cycle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mass%20transfer" title=" mass transfer"> mass transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entropy%20generation" title=" entropy generation"> entropy generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silica%20gel-water" title=" silica gel-water"> silica gel-water</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168697/understanding-the-processwise-entropy-framework-in-a-heat-powered-cooling-cycle" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168697.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">107</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">758</span> Utilizing Waste Heat from Thermal Power Plants to Generate Power by Modelling an Atmospheric Vortex Engine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Nabeel%20Khan">Mohammed Nabeel Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Perisamy"> C. Perisamy </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Convective vortices are normal highlights of air that ingest lower-entropy-energy at higher temperatures than they dismiss higher-entropy-energy to space. By means of the thermodynamic proficiency, it has been anticipated that the force of convective vortices relies upon the profundity of the convective layer. The atmospheric vortex engine is proposed as a gadget for delivering mechanical energy by methods for artificially produced vortex. The task of the engine is in view of the certainties that the environment is warmed from the base and cooled from the top. By generation of the artificial vortex, it is planned to take out the physical solar updraft tower and decrease the capital of the solar chimney power plants. The study shows the essentials of the atmospheric vortex engine, furthermore, audits the cutting edge in subject. Moreover, the study talks about a thought on using the solar energy as heat source to work the framework. All in all, the framework is attainable and promising for electrical power production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AVE" title="AVE">AVE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atmospheric%20vortex%20engine" title=" atmospheric vortex engine"> atmospheric vortex engine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=atmosphere" title=" atmosphere"> atmosphere</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=updraft" title=" updraft"> updraft</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vortex" title=" vortex"> vortex</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102553/utilizing-waste-heat-from-thermal-power-plants-to-generate-power-by-modelling-an-atmospheric-vortex-engine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102553.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">757</span> The Cardiac Diagnostic Prediction Applied to a Designed Holter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leonardo%20Juan%20Ram%C3%ADrez%20L%C3%B3pez">Leonardo Juan Ramírez López</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javier%20Oswaldo%20Rodriguez%20Velasquez"> Javier Oswaldo Rodriguez Velasquez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We have designed a Holter that measures the heart´s activity for over 24 hours, implemented a prediction methodology, and generate alarms as well as indicators to patients and treating physicians. Various diagnostic advances have been developed in clinical cardiology thanks to Holter implementation; however, their interpretation has largely been conditioned to clinical analysis and measurements adjusted to diverse population characteristics, thus turning it into a subjective examination. This, however, requires vast population studies to be validated that, in turn, have not achieved the ultimate goal: mortality prediction. Given this context, our Insight Research Group developed a mathematical methodology that assesses cardiac dynamics through entropy and probability, creating a numerical and geometrical attractor which allows quantifying the normalcy of chronic and acute disease as well as the evolution between such states, and our Tigum Research Group developed a holter device with 12 channels and advanced computer software. This has been shown in different contexts with 100% sensitivity and specificity results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attractor" title="attractor ">attractor </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiac" title=" cardiac"> cardiac</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entropy" title=" entropy"> entropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=holter" title=" holter"> holter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical" title=" mathematical "> mathematical </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prediction" title=" prediction"> prediction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115339/the-cardiac-diagnostic-prediction-applied-to-a-designed-holter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/115339.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">169</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">756</span> Spatio-temporal Distribution of the Groundwater Quality in the El Milia Plain, Kebir Rhumel Basin, Algeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lazhar%20Belkhiri">Lazhar Belkhiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ammar%20Tiri"> Ammar Tiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lotfi%20Mouni"> Lotfi Mouni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this research, we analyzed the groundwater quality index in the El Milia plain, Kebir Rhumel Basin, Algeria. Thirty-three groundwater samples were collected from wells in the El Milia plain during April 2015. In this study, pH and electrical conductivity (EC) were conducted at each sampling well. Eight hydrochemical parameters such as calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), potassium (K), chlorid (Cl), sulfate (SO4), bicarbonate (HCO3), and Nnitrate (NO3) were analysed. The entropy water quality index (EWQI) method was employed to evaluate the groundwater quality in the study area. Moran’s I and the ordinary kriging (OK) interpolation technique were used to examine the spatial distribution pattern of the hydrochemical parameters in the groundwater. It was found that the hydrochemical parameters Ca, Cl, and HCO3 showed strong spatial autocorrelation in the El Milia plain, indicating a spatial dependence and clustering of these parameters in the groundwater. The groundwater quality was evaluated using the entropy water quality index (EWQI). The results showed that approximately 86% of the total groundwater samples in the study area fall within the moderate groundwater quality category. The spatial map of the EWQI values indicated an increasing trend from the south-west to the northeast, following the direction of groundwater flow. The highest EWQI values were observed near El Milia city in the center of the plain. This spatial pattern suggests variations in groundwater quality across the study area, with potentially higher risks near the city center. Therefore, the results obtained in this research provide very useful information to decision-makers. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entropy%20water%20quality%20index%20%28EWQI%29" title="entropy water quality index (EWQI)">entropy water quality index (EWQI)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moran%E2%80%99s%20i" title=" moran’s i"> moran’s i</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ordinary%20kriging%20interpolation" title=" ordinary kriging interpolation"> ordinary kriging interpolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=el%20milia%20plain" title=" el milia plain"> el milia plain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179719/spatio-temporal-distribution-of-the-groundwater-quality-in-the-el-milia-plain-kebir-rhumel-basin-algeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179719.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">62</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">755</span> The Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of High Entropy Metallic Layers Electrodeposited by Low and High-Temperature Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zbigniew%20Szklarz">Zbigniew Szklarz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aldona%20Garbacz-Klempka"> Aldona Garbacz-Klempka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magdalena%20Bisztyga-Szklarz"> Magdalena Bisztyga-Szklarz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Typical metallic alloys bases on one major alloying component, where the addition of other elements is intended to improve or modify certain properties, most of all the mechanical properties. However, in 1995 a new concept of metallic alloys was described and defined. High Entropy Alloys (HEA) contains at least five alloying elements in an amount from 5 to 20 at.%. A common feature this type of alloys is an absence of intermetallic phases, high homogeneity of the microstructure and unique chemical composition, what leads to obtaining materials with very high strength indicators, stable structures (also at high temperatures) and excellent corrosion resistance. Hence, HEA can be successfully used as a substitutes for typical metallic alloys in various applications where a sufficiently high properties are desirable. For fabricating HEA, a few ways are applied: 1/ from liquid phase i.e. casting (usually arc melting); 2/ from solid phase i.e. powder metallurgy (sintering methods preceded by mechanical synthesis) and 3/ from gas phase e.g. sputtering or 4/ other deposition methods like electrodeposition from liquids. Application of different production methods creates different microstructures of HEA, which can entail differences in their properties. The last two methods also allows to obtain coatings with HEA structures, hereinafter referred to as High Entropy Films (HEF). With reference to above, the crucial aim of this work was the optimization of the manufacturing process of the multi-component metallic layers (HEF) by the low- and high temperature electrochemical deposition ( ED). The low-temperature deposition process was crried out at ambient or elevated temperature (up to 100 ᵒC) in organic electrolyte. The high-temperature electrodeposition (several hundred Celcius degrees), in turn, allowed to form the HEF layer by electrochemical reduction of metals from molten salts. The basic chemical composition of the coatings was CoCrFeMnNi (known as Cantor’s alloy). However, it was modified by other, selected elements like Al or Cu. The optimization of the parameters that allow to obtain as far as it possible homogeneous and equimolar composition of HEF is the main result of presented studies. In order to analyse and compare the microstructure, SEM/EBSD, TEM and XRD techniques were employed. Morover, the determination of corrosion resistance of the CoCrFeMnNi(Cu or Al) layers in selected electrolytes (i.e. organic and non-organic liquids) was no less important than the above mentioned objectives. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20entropy%20alloys" title="high entropy alloys">high entropy alloys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrodeposition" title=" electrodeposition"> electrodeposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion%20behavior" title=" corrosion behavior"> corrosion behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169489/the-microstructure-and-corrosion-behavior-of-high-entropy-metallic-layers-electrodeposited-by-low-and-high-temperature-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169489.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">754</span> Absolute Lymphocyte Count as Predictor of Pneumocystis Pneumonia in Patients With Unknown HIV Status at a Private Tertiary Hospital</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marja%20A.%20Bernardo">Marja A. Bernardo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Coreena%20A.%20Bueser"> Coreena A. Bueser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cybele%20Lara%20R.%20Abad"> Cybele Lara R. Abad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raul%20V.%20Destura"> Raul V. Destura</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is the most common opportunistic infection among people with HIV. Early consideration of PCP should be made even in patients whose HIV status is unknown as delay in treatment may be fatal. The use of absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) has been suggested as an alternative predictor of PCP especially in resource limited settings where PCR testing is costly or delayed. Objective: To determine whether the absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) can be used as a screening tool to predict Pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with unknown HIV status admitted at a private tertiary hospital. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at a private tertiary medical center. Inpatient medical records of patients aged 18 years old and above from January 2012 to May 2014, in whom a clinical diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia was made were reviewed for inclusion. Demographic data, clinical features, hospital course, PCP PCR and HIV results were recorded. Independent t-test and chi-square analysis was used to determine any statistical difference between PCP-positive and PCP-negative groups. Mann-Whitney U-test was used for comparison of hospital stay. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in baseline characteristics between PCP positive and negative groups. While both the percent lymphocyte count (0.14 ± 0.13 vs 0.21 ± 0.16) and ALC (1160 ± 528.67 vs 1493.70 ± 988.61) were lower for the PCP-positive group, only the percent lymphocyte count reached a statistically significant difference (p= 0.067 vs p= 0.042). Conclusion: A quick determination of the ALC may be useful as an additional parameter to help screen for and diagnose pneumocystis pneumonia. In our study, the ALC of patients with PCP appear to be lower than in patients without PCP. A low ALC (e.g. below 1200) may help with the decision regarding empiric treatment. However, it should be used in conjunction with the patient’s clinical presentation, as well as other diagnostic tests. Larger, prospective studies incorporating the ALC with other clinical predictors are necessary to optimally predict those who would benefit from empiric or expedited management for potential PCP. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pneumocystis%20carinii%20pneumonia" title="Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia">Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Absolute%20Lymphocyte%20Count" title=" Absolute Lymphocyte Count"> Absolute Lymphocyte Count</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infection" title=" infection"> infection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCP" title=" PCP"> PCP</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20918/absolute-lymphocyte-count-as-predictor-of-pneumocystis-pneumonia-in-patients-with-unknown-hiv-status-at-a-private-tertiary-hospital" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20918.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">349</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">753</span> Entropy Generation Analyze Due to the Steady Natural Convection of Newtonian Fluid in a Square Enclosure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20T.%20Naas">T. T. Naas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Lasbet"> Y. Lasbet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Kezrane"> C. Kezrane</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The thermal control in many systems is widely accomplished applying mixed convection process due to its low cost, reliability and easy maintenance. Typical applications include the aircraft electronic equipment, rotating-disc heat exchangers, turbo machinery, and nuclear reactors, etc. Natural convection in an inclined square enclosure heated via wall heater has been studied numerically. Finite volume method is used for solving momentum and energy equations in the form of stream function–vorticity. The right and left walls are kept at a constant temperature, while the other parts are adiabatic. The range of the inclination angle covers a whole revolution. The method is validated for a vertical cavity. A general power law dependence of the Nusselt number with respect to the Rayleigh number with the coefficient and exponent as functions of the inclination angle is presented. For a fixed Rayleigh number, the inclination angle increases or decreases is found. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20convection%20in%20enclosure" title="natural convection in enclosure">natural convection in enclosure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclined%20enclosure" title=" inclined enclosure"> inclined enclosure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nusselt%20number" title=" Nusselt number"> Nusselt number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entropy%20generation%20analyze" title=" entropy generation analyze"> entropy generation analyze</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25709/entropy-generation-analyze-due-to-the-steady-natural-convection-of-newtonian-fluid-in-a-square-enclosure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25709.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">752</span> A Comparative Analysis of ARIMA and Threshold Autoregressive Models on Exchange Rate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diteboho%20Xaba">Diteboho Xaba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kolentino%20Mpeta"> Kolentino Mpeta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tlotliso%20Qejoe"> Tlotliso Qejoe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper assesses the in-sample forecasting of the South African exchange rates comparing a linear ARIMA model and a SETAR model. The study uses a monthly adjusted data of South African exchange rates with 420 observations. Akaike information criterion (AIC) and the Schwarz information criteria (SIC) are used for model selection. Mean absolute error (MAE), root mean squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) are error metrics used to evaluate forecast capability of the models. The Diebold –Mariano (DM) test is employed in the study to check forecast accuracy in order to distinguish the forecasting performance between the two models (ARIMA and SETAR). The results indicate that both models perform well when modelling and forecasting the exchange rates, but SETAR seemed to outperform ARIMA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ARIMA" title="ARIMA">ARIMA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=error%20metrices" title=" error metrices"> error metrices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20selection" title=" model selection"> model selection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SETAR" title=" SETAR"> SETAR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57052/a-comparative-analysis-of-arima-and-threshold-autoregressive-models-on-exchange-rate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57052.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">751</span> Hub Traveler Guidance Signage Evaluation via Panoramic Visualization Using Entropy Weight Method and TOPSIS</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Si-yang%20Zhang">Si-yang Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chi%20Zhao"> Chi Zhao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Comprehensive transportation hubs are important nodes of the transportation network, and their internal signage the functions as guidance and distribution assistance, which directly affects the operational efficiency of traffic in and around the hubs. Reasonably installed signage effectively attracts the visual focus of travelers and improves wayfinding efficiency. Among the elements of signage, the visual guidance effect is the key factor affecting the information conveyance, whom should be evaluated during design and optimization process. However, existing evaluation methods mostly focus on the layout, and are not able to fully understand if signage caters travelers’ need. This study conducted field investigations and developed panoramic videos for multiple transportation hubs in China, and designed survey accordingly. Human subjects are recruited to watch panoramic videos via virtual reality (VR) and respond to the surveys. In this paper, Pudong Airport and Xi'an North Railway Station were studied and compared as examples due to their high traveler volume and relatively well-developed traveler service systems. Visual attention was captured by eye tracker and subjective satisfaction ratings were collected through surveys. Entropy Weight Method (EWM) was utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of signage elements and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) was used to further rank the importance of the elements. The results show that the degree of visual attention of travelers significantly affects the evaluation results of guidance signage. Key factors affecting visual attention include accurate legibility, obstruction and defacement rates, informativeness, and whether signage is set up in a hierarchical manner. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traveler%20guidance%20signage" title="traveler guidance signage">traveler guidance signage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=panoramic%20video" title=" panoramic video"> panoramic video</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20attention" title=" visual attention"> visual attention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entropy%20weight%20method" title=" entropy weight method"> entropy weight method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TOPSIS" title=" TOPSIS"> TOPSIS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178939/hub-traveler-guidance-signage-evaluation-via-panoramic-visualization-using-entropy-weight-method-and-topsis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178939.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">750</span> Application of Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise and Multipoint Optimal Minimum Entropy Deconvolution in Railway Bearings Fault Diagnosis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yao%20Cheng">Yao Cheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Weihua%20Zhang"> Weihua Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Although the measured vibration signal contains rich information on machine health conditions, the white noise interferences and the discrete harmonic coming from blade, shaft and mash make the fault diagnosis of rolling element bearings difficult. In order to overcome the interferences of useless signals, a new fault diagnosis method combining Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) and Multipoint Optimal Minimum Entropy Deconvolution (MOMED) is proposed for the fault diagnosis of high-speed train bearings. Firstly, the CEEMDAN technique is applied to adaptively decompose the raw vibration signal into a series of finite intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and a residue. Compared with Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD), the CEEMDAN can provide an exact reconstruction of the original signal and a better spectral separation of the modes, which improves the accuracy of fault diagnosis. An effective sensitivity index based on the Pearson's correlation coefficients between IMFs and raw signal is adopted to select sensitive IMFs that contain bearing fault information. The composite signal of the sensitive IMFs is applied to further analysis of fault identification. Next, for propose of identifying the fault information precisely, the MOMED is utilized to enhance the periodic impulses in composite signal. As a non-iterative method, the MOMED has better deconvolution performance than the classical deconvolution methods such Minimum Entropy Deconvolution (MED) and Maximum Correlated Kurtosis Deconvolution (MCKD). Third, the envelope spectrum analysis is applied to detect the existence of bearing fault. The simulated bearing fault signals with white noise and discrete harmonic interferences are used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Finally, the superiorities of the proposed method are further demonstrated by high-speed train bearing fault datasets measured from test rig. The analysis results indicate that the proposed method has strong practicability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bearing" title="bearing">bearing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complete%20ensemble%20empirical%20mode%20decomposition%20with%20adaptive%20noise" title=" complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise"> complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20diagnosis" title=" fault diagnosis"> fault diagnosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multipoint%20optimal%20minimum%20entropy%20deconvolution" title=" multipoint optimal minimum entropy deconvolution"> multipoint optimal minimum entropy deconvolution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80335/application-of-complete-ensemble-empirical-mode-decomposition-with-adaptive-noise-and-multipoint-optimal-minimum-entropy-deconvolution-in-railway-bearings-fault-diagnosis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80335.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">749</span> Frank Norris’ McTeague: An Entropic Melodrama</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsen%20Masoomi">Mohsen Masoomi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fazel%20Asadi%20Amjad"> Fazel Asadi Amjad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monireh%20Arvin"> Monireh Arvin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> According to Naturalistic principles, human destiny in the form of blind chance and determinism, entraps the individual, so man is a defenceless creature unable to escape from the ruthless paws of a stoical universe. In Naturalism; nonetheless, melodrama mirrors a conscious alternative with a peculiar function. A typical American Naturalistic character thus cannot be a subject for social criticism of American society since they are not victims of the ongoing virtual slavery, capitalist system, nor of a ruined milieu, but of their own volition, and more importantly, their character frailty. Through a Postmodern viewpoint, each Naturalistic work can encompass some entropic trends and changes culminating in an entire failure and devastation. Frank Norris in <em>McTeague</em> displays the futile struggles of ordinary men and how they end up brutes. <em>McTeague</em> encompasses intoxication, abuse, violation, and ruthless homicides. Norris’ depictions of the falling individual as a demon represent the entropic dimension of Naturalistic novels. McTeague’s defeat is somewhat his own fault, the result of his own blunders and resolution, not the result of sheer accident. Throughout the novel, each character is a kind of insane quester indicating McTeague’s decadence and, by inference, the decadence of Western civilisation. <em>McTeague</em> seems to designate Norris’ solicitude for a community fabricated by the elements of human negative demeanours and conducts hauling acute symptoms of infectious dehumanisation. The aim of this article is to illustrate how one specific negative human disposition gradually, like a running fire, can spread everywhere and burn everything in itself. The author applies the concept of entropy metaphorically to describe the individual devolutions that necessarily comprise community entropy in <em>McTeague</em>, a dying universe. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=animal%20imagery" title="animal imagery">animal imagery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entropy" title=" entropy"> entropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gypsy" title=" Gypsy"> Gypsy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=melodrama" title=" melodrama"> melodrama</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55286/frank-norris-mcteague-an-entropic-melodrama" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55286.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">748</span> The Relationship between Rhythmic Complexity and Listening Engagement as a Proxy for Perceptual Interest</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noah%20R.%20Fram">Noah R. Fram</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Although it has been confirmed by multiple studies, the inverted-U relationship between stimulus complexity and preference (liking) remains contentious. Research aimed at substantiating the model are largely reliant upon anecdotal self-assessments of subjects and basic measures of complexity, leaving potential confounds unresolved. This study attempts to address the topic by assessing listening time as a behavioral correlate of liking (with the assumption that engagement prolongs listening time) and by looking for latent factors underlying several measures of rhythmic complexity. Participants listened to groups of rhythms, stopping each one when they started to lose interest and were asked to rate each rhythm in each group in terms of interest, complexity, and preference. Subjects were not informed that the time spent listening to each rhythm was the primary measure of interest. The hypothesis that listening time does demonstrate the same inverted-U relationship with complexity as verbal reports of liking was confirmed using a variety of metrics for rhythmic complexity, including meter-dependent measures of syncopation and meter-independent measures of entropy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=complexity" title="complexity">complexity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entropy" title=" entropy"> entropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rhythm" title=" rhythm"> rhythm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=syncopation" title=" syncopation"> syncopation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102786/the-relationship-between-rhythmic-complexity-and-listening-engagement-as-a-proxy-for-perceptual-interest" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102786.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">747</span> The Influence of Immunity on the Behavior and Dignity of Judges</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Avnieli">D. Avnieli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Immunity of judges from liability represents a departure from the principle that all are equal under the law, and that victims may be granted compensation from their offenders. The purpose of the study is to determine if judicial immunity coincides with the need to ensure the existence of highly independent and incorruptible judiciary. Judges are immune from civil and criminal liability for their judicial acts. Judicial immunity is justified by the need to maintain complete independence and discretion of the judiciary. Scholars and judges believe that absolute immunity is needed to shield judges from pressures, threats, or outside interference. It is commonly accepted, that judges should be free to perform their judicial role in accordance with their assessment of the fact and their understanding of the law, without any restrictions, influences, inducements or interferences. In most countries, immunity applies when judges act in excess of jurisdiction. In some countries, it applies even when they act maliciously or corruptly. The only exception to absolute immunity applicable in all judicial systems is when judges act without jurisdiction over the subject matter. The Israeli Supreme Court recently decided to embrace absolute immunity and strike off a lawsuit of a refugee, who was unlawfully incarcerated. The Court ruled that the plaintiff cannot sue the State or the judge for damages. The questions of malice, dignity, and public scrutiny were not discussed. This paper, based on comparative analysis of many cases, aims to determine if immunity affects the dignity and behavior of judges. It demonstrates that most judges maintain their dignity and ethical code of behavior, but sometimes do not hesitate to act consciously in excess of jurisdiction, and in rare cases even corruptly. Therefore, in order to maintain independent and incorruptible judiciary, immunity should not be applied where judges act consciously in excess of jurisdiction or with malicious incentives. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=incorruptible%20judiciary" title="incorruptible judiciary">incorruptible judiciary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunity" title=" immunity"> immunity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=independent" title=" independent"> independent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=judicial" title=" judicial"> judicial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=judges" title=" judges"> judges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jurisdiction" title=" jurisdiction"> jurisdiction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106959/the-influence-of-immunity-on-the-behavior-and-dignity-of-judges" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106959.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">105</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">746</span> The Analysis of Changes in Urban Hierarchy of Isfahan Province in the Fifty-Year Period (1956-2006)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamidreza%20Joudaki">Hamidreza Joudaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yousefali%20Ziari"> Yousefali Ziari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The appearance of city and urbanism is one of the important processes which have affected social communities. Being industrialized urbanism developed along with each other in the history. In addition, they have had simple relationship for more than six thousand years, that is, from the appearance of the first cities. In 18th century by coming out of industrial capitalism, progressive development took place in urbanism in the world. In Iran, the city of each region made its decision by itself and the capital of region (downtown) was the only central part and also the regional city without any hierarchy, controlled its realm. However, this method of ruling during these three decays, because of changing in political, social and economic issues that have caused changes in rural and urban relationship. Moreover, it has changed the variety of performance of cities and systematic urban network in Iran. Today, urban system has very vast imbalanced apace and performance. In Isfahan, the trend of urbanism is like the other part of Iran and systematic urban hierarchy is not suitable and normal. This article is a quantitative and analytical. The statistical communities are Isfahan Province cities and the changes in urban network and its hierarchy during the period of fifty years (1956 -2006) has been surveyed. In addition, those data have been analyzed by model of Rank and size and Entropy index. In this article Iran cities and also the factor of entropy of primate city and urban hierarchy of Isfahan Province have been introduced. Urban residents of this Province have been reached from 55 percent to 83% (2006). As we see the analytical data reflects that there is mismatching and imbalance between cities. Because the entropy index was.91 in 1956.And it decreased to.63 in 2006. Isfahan city is the primate city in the whole of these periods. Moreover, the second and the third cities have population gap with regard to the other cities and finally, they do not follow the system of rank-size. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20network" title="urban network">urban network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20hierarchy" title=" urban hierarchy"> urban hierarchy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primate%20city" title=" primate city"> primate city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isfahan%20province" title=" Isfahan province"> Isfahan province</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanism" title=" urbanism"> urbanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=first%20cities" title=" first cities"> first cities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31862/the-analysis-of-changes-in-urban-hierarchy-of-isfahan-province-in-the-fifty-year-period-1956-2006" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31862.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">258</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">745</span> Forecasting Models for Steel Demand Uncertainty Using Bayesian Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Watcharin%20Sangma">Watcharin Sangma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Onsiri%20Chanmuang"> Onsiri Chanmuang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pitsanu%20Tongkhow"> Pitsanu Tongkhow</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A forecasting model for steel demand uncertainty in Thailand is proposed. It consists of trend, autocorrelation, and outliers in a hierarchical Bayesian frame work. The proposed model uses a cumulative Weibull distribution function, latent first-order autocorrelation, and binary selection, to account for trend, time-varying autocorrelation, and outliers, respectively. The Gibbs sampling Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is used for parameter estimation. The proposed model is applied to steel demand index data in Thailand. The root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and mean absolute error (MAE) criteria are used for model comparison. The study reveals that the proposed model is more appropriate than the exponential smoothing method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forecasting%20model" title="forecasting model">forecasting model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20demand%20uncertainty" title=" steel demand uncertainty"> steel demand uncertainty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hierarchical%20Bayesian%20framework" title=" hierarchical Bayesian framework"> hierarchical Bayesian framework</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exponential%20smoothing%20method" title=" exponential smoothing method"> exponential smoothing method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10196/forecasting-models-for-steel-demand-uncertainty-using-bayesian-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10196.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">744</span> Portfolio Optimization with Reward-Risk Ratio Measure Based on the Mean Absolute Deviation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wlodzimierz%20Ogryczak">Wlodzimierz Ogryczak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michal%20Przyluski"> Michal Przyluski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomasz%20Sliwinski"> Tomasz Sliwinski</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In problems of portfolio selection, the reward-risk ratio criterion is optimized to search for a risky portfolio with the maximum increase of the mean return in proportion to the risk measure increase when compared to the risk-free investments. In the classical model, following Markowitz, the risk is measured by the variance thus representing the Sharpe ratio optimization and leading to the quadratic optimization problems. Several Linear Programming (LP) computable risk measures have been introduced and applied in portfolio optimization. In particular, the Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) measure has been widely recognized. The reward-risk ratio optimization with the MAD measure can be transformed into the LP formulation with the number of constraints proportional to the number of scenarios and the number of variables proportional to the total of the number of scenarios and the number of instruments. This may lead to the LP models with huge number of variables and constraints in the case of real-life financial decisions based on several thousands scenarios, thus decreasing their computational efficiency and making them hardly solvable by general LP tools. We show that the computational efficiency can be then dramatically improved by an alternative model based on the inverse risk-reward ratio minimization and by taking advantages of the LP duality. In the introduced LP model the number of structural constraints is proportional to the number of instruments thus not affecting seriously the simplex method efficiency by the number of scenarios and therefore guaranteeing easy solvability. Moreover, we show that under natural restriction on the target value the MAD risk-reward ratio optimization is consistent with the second order stochastic dominance rules. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=portfolio%20optimization" title="portfolio optimization">portfolio optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reward-risk%20ratio" title=" reward-risk ratio"> reward-risk ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mean%20absolute%20deviation" title=" mean absolute deviation"> mean absolute deviation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linear%20programming" title=" linear programming"> linear programming</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61665/portfolio-optimization-with-reward-risk-ratio-measure-based-on-the-mean-absolute-deviation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61665.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">407</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">743</span> Image Encryption Using Eureqa to Generate an Automated Mathematical Key</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Halima%20Adel%20Halim%20Shnishah">Halima Adel Halim Shnishah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Mulvaney"> David Mulvaney</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Applying traditional symmetric cryptography algorithms while computing encryption and decryption provides immunity to secret keys against different attacks. One of the popular techniques generating automated secret keys is evolutionary computing by using Eureqa API tool, which got attention in 2013. In this paper, we are generating automated secret keys for image encryption and decryption using Eureqa API (tool which is used in evolutionary computing technique). Eureqa API models pseudo-random input data obtained from a suitable source to generate secret keys. The validation of generated secret keys is investigated by performing various statistical tests (histogram, chi-square, correlation of two adjacent pixels, correlation between original and encrypted images, entropy and key sensitivity). Experimental results obtained from methods including histogram analysis, correlation coefficient, entropy and key sensitivity, show that the proposed image encryption algorithms are secure and reliable, with the potential to be adapted for secure image communication applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20encryption%20algorithms" title="image encryption algorithms">image encryption algorithms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eureqa" title=" Eureqa"> Eureqa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20measurements" title=" statistical measurements"> statistical measurements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automated%20key%20generation" title=" automated key generation"> automated key generation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79042/image-encryption-using-eureqa-to-generate-an-automated-mathematical-key" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79042.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">484</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">742</span> Gray Level Image Encryption</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roza%20Afarin">Roza Afarin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeed%20Mozaffari"> Saeed Mozaffari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper is image encryption using Genetic Algorithm (GA). The proposed encryption method consists of two phases. In modification phase, pixels locations are altered to reduce correlation among adjacent pixels. Then, pixels values are changed in the diffusion phase to encrypt the input image. Both phases are performed by GA with binary chromosomes. For modification phase, these binary patterns are generated by Local Binary Pattern (LBP) operator while for diffusion phase binary chromosomes are obtained by Bit Plane Slicing (BPS). Initial population in GA includes rows and columns of the input image. Instead of subjective selection of parents from this initial population, a random generator with predefined key is utilized. It is necessary to decrypt the coded image and reconstruct the initial input image. Fitness function is defined as average of transition from 0 to 1 in LBP image and histogram uniformity in modification and diffusion phases, respectively. Randomness of the encrypted image is measured by entropy, correlation coefficients and histogram analysis. Experimental results show that the proposed method is fast enough and can be used effectively for image encryption. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=correlation%20coefficients" title="correlation coefficients">correlation coefficients</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title=" genetic algorithm"> genetic algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20encryption" title=" image encryption"> image encryption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20entropy" title=" image entropy"> image entropy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10723/gray-level-image-encryption" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10723.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">330</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">741</span> Ionic Liquid Desiccant for the Dehumidification System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chih-Hao%20Chen">Chih-Hao Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Heng%20Fang"> Yu-Heng Fang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jyi-Ching%20Perng"> Jyi-Ching Perng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei-Chih%20Lee"> Wei-Chih Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi-Hsiang%20Chen"> Yi-Hsiang Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiun-Jen%20Chen"> Jiun-Jen Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Emerging markets are almost in the high temperature and high humidity area. Regardless of industry or domestic fields, the energy consumption of air conditioning systems in buildings is always significant. Moreover, the proportion of latent heat load is high. A liquid desiccant dehumidification system is one kind of energy-saving air conditioning system. However, traditional absorbents such as lithium chloride are hindered in market promotion because they will crystallized and cause metal corrosion. This study used the commercial ionic liquid to build a liquid desiccant dehumidification system with an air volume of 300 CMH. When the absolute humidity of the inlet air was 15g/kg, the absolute humidity of the outlet air was 10g/kg. The operating condition of a hot water temperature is 45 °C, and the cooling water temperature is 15 °C. The test result proves that the ionic liquid desiccant can completely replace the traditional liquid desiccant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ionic%20liquid%20desiccant" title="ionic liquid desiccant">ionic liquid desiccant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dehumidification" title=" dehumidification"> dehumidification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20pump" title=" heat pump"> heat pump</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20conditioning%20systems" title=" air conditioning systems"> air conditioning systems</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159059/ionic-liquid-desiccant-for-the-dehumidification-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159059.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">169</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">740</span> Hybrid Direct Numerical Simulation and Large Eddy Simulating Wall Models Approach for the Analysis of Turbulence Entropy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20Ahamefula">Samuel Ahamefula</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Turbulent motion is a highly nonlinear and complex phenomenon, and its modelling is still very challenging. In this study, we developed a hybrid computational approach to accurately simulate fluid turbulence phenomenon. The focus is coupling and transitioning between Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) and Large Eddy Simulating Wall Models (LES-WM) regions. In the framework, high-order fidelity fluid dynamical methods are utilized to simulate the unsteady compressible Navier-Stokes equations in the Eulerian format on the unstructured moving grids. The coupling and transitioning of DNS and LES-WM are conducted through the linearly staggered Dirichlet-Neumann coupling scheme. The high-fidelity framework is verified and validated based on namely, DNS ability for capture full range of turbulent scales, giving accurate results and LES-WM efficiency in simulating near-wall turbulent boundary layer by using wall models. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20methods" title="computational methods">computational methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulence%20modelling" title=" turbulence modelling"> turbulence modelling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulence%20entropy" title=" turbulence entropy"> turbulence entropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=navier-stokes%20equations" title=" navier-stokes equations"> navier-stokes equations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167835/hybrid-direct-numerical-simulation-and-large-eddy-simulating-wall-models-approach-for-the-analysis-of-turbulence-entropy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167835.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">101</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">739</span> On Lie-Central Derivations and Almost Inner Lie-Derivations of Leibniz Algebras</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Natalia%20Pacheco%20Rego">Natalia Pacheco Rego</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Liezation functor is a map from the category of Leibniz algebras to the category of Lie algebras, which assigns a Leibniz algebra to the Lie algebra given by the quotient of the Leibniz algebra by the ideal spanned by the square elements of the Leibniz algebra. This functor is left adjoint to the inclusion functor that considers a Lie algebra as a Leibniz algebra. This environment fits in the framework of central extensions and commutators in semi-abelian categories with respect to a Birkhoff subcategory, where classical or absolute notions are relative to the abelianization functor. Classical properties of Leibniz algebras (properties relative to the abelianization functor) were adapted to the relative setting (with respect to the Liezation functor); in general, absolute properties have the corresponding relative ones, but not all absolute properties immediately hold in the relative case, so new requirements are needed. Following this line of research, it was conducted an analysis of central derivations of Leibniz algebras relative to the Liezation functor, called as Lie-derivations, and a characterization of Lie-stem Leibniz algebras by their Lie-central derivations was obtained. In this paper, we present an overview of these results, and we analyze some new properties concerning Lie-central derivations and almost inner Lie-derivations. Namely, a Leibniz algebra is a vector space equipped with a bilinear bracket operation satisfying the Leibniz identity. We define the Lie-bracket by [x, y]lie = [x, y] + [y, x] , for all x, y . The Lie-center of a Leibniz algebra is the two-sided ideal of elements that annihilate all the elements in the Leibniz algebra through the Lie-bracket. A Lie-derivation is a linear map which acts as a derivative with respect to the Lie-bracket. Obviously, usual derivations are Lie-derivations, but the converse is not true in general. A Lie-derivation is called a Lie-central derivation if its image is contained in the Lie-center. A Lie-derivation is called an almost inner Lie-derivation if the image of an element x is contained in the Lie-commutator of x and the Leibniz algebra. The main results we present in this talk refer to the conditions under which Lie-central derivation and almost inner Lie-derivations coincide. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=almost%20inner%20Lie-derivation" title="almost inner Lie-derivation">almost inner Lie-derivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lie-center" title=" Lie-center"> Lie-center</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lie-central%20derivation" title=" Lie-central derivation"> Lie-central derivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lie-derivation" title=" Lie-derivation"> Lie-derivation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127473/on-lie-central-derivations-and-almost-inner-lie-derivations-of-leibniz-algebras" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127473.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">738</span> Genetic Algorithm for In-Theatre Military Logistics Search-and-Delivery Path Planning</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jean%20Berger">Jean Berger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Barkaoui"> Mohamed Barkaoui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Discrete search path planning in time-constrained uncertain environment relying upon imperfect sensors is known to be hard, and current problem-solving techniques proposed so far to compute near real-time efficient path plans are mainly bounded to provide a few move solutions. A new information-theoretic –based open-loop decision model explicitly incorporating false alarm sensor readings, to solve a single agent military logistics search-and-delivery path planning problem with anticipated feedback is presented. The decision model consists in minimizing expected entropy considering anticipated possible observation outcomes over a given time horizon. The model captures uncertainty associated with observation events for all possible scenarios. Entropy represents a measure of uncertainty about the searched target location. Feedback information resulting from possible sensor observations outcomes along the projected path plan is exploited to update anticipated unit target occupancy beliefs. For the first time, a compact belief update formulation is generalized to explicitly include false positive observation events that may occur during plan execution. A novel genetic algorithm is then proposed to efficiently solve search path planning, providing near-optimal solutions for practical realistic problem instances. Given the run-time performance of the algorithm, natural extension to a closed-loop environment to progressively integrate real visit outcomes on a rolling time horizon can be easily envisioned. Computational results show the value of the approach in comparison to alternate heuristics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=search%20path%20planning" title="search path planning">search path planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=false%20alarm" title=" false alarm"> false alarm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=search-and-delivery" title=" search-and-delivery"> search-and-delivery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entropy" title=" entropy"> entropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithm" title=" genetic algorithm"> genetic algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2263/genetic-algorithm-for-in-theatre-military-logistics-search-and-delivery-path-planning" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2263.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">360</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">737</span> Development of Impressive Tensile Properties of Hybrid Rolled Ta0.5Nb0.5Hf0.5ZrTi1.5 Refractory High Entropy Alloy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Veeresham">M. Veeresham</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The microstructure, texture, phase stability, and tensile properties of annealed Ta<sub>0.5</sub>Nb<sub>0.5</sub>Hf<sub>0.5</sub>ZrTi<sub>1.5 </sub>alloy have been investigated in the present research. The alloy was severely hybrid-rolled up to 93.5% thickness reduction, subsequently rolled samples subjected to an annealing treatment at 800 °C and 1000 °C temperatures for 1 h. Consequently, the rolled condition and both annealed temperatures have a body-centered cubic (BCC) structure. Furthermore, quantitative texture measurements (orientation distribution function (ODF) analysis) and microstructural examinations (analytical electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) maps) permitted to establish a good relationship between annealing texture and microstructure and universal testing machine<strong> (</strong>UTM) utilized for obtaining the mechanical properties. Impressive room temperature tensile properties combination with the tensile strength (1380 MPa) and (24.7%) elongation is achieved for the 800 °C heat-treated condition. The evolution of the coarse microstructure featured in the case of 1000 °C annealed temperature ascribed to the influence of high thermal energy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=refractory%20high%20entropy%20alloys" title="refractory high entropy alloys">refractory high entropy alloys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid-rolling" title=" hybrid-rolling"> hybrid-rolling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recrystallization" title=" recrystallization"> recrystallization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensile%20properties" title=" tensile properties"> tensile properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134680/development-of-impressive-tensile-properties-of-hybrid-rolled-ta05nb05hf05zrti15-refractory-high-entropy-alloy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/134680.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">736</span> Determination of the Cooling Rate Dependency of High Entropy Alloys Using a High-Temperature Drop-on-Demand Droplet Generator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeedeh%20Imani%20Moqadam">Saeedeh Imani Moqadam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilya%20Bobrov"> Ilya Bobrov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J%C3%A9r%C3%A9my%20Epp"> Jérémy Epp</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nils%20Ellendt"> Nils Ellendt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lutz%20M%C3%A4dler"> Lutz Mädler</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High entropy alloys (HEAs), having adjustable properties and enhanced stability compared with intermetallic compounds, are solid solution alloys that contain more than five principal elements with almost equal atomic percentage. The concept of producing such alloys pave the way for developing advanced materials with unique properties. However, the synthesis of such alloys may require advanced processes with high cooling rates depending on which alloy elements are used. In this study, the micro spheres of different diameters of HEAs were generated via a drop-on-demand droplet generator and subsequently solidified during free-fall in an argon atmosphere. Such droplet generators can generate individual droplets with high reproducibility regarding droplet diameter, trajectory and cooling while avoiding any interparticle momentum or thermal coupling. Metallography as well as X-ray diffraction investigations for each diameter of the generated metallic droplets where then carried out to obtain information about the microstructural state. To calculate the cooling rate of the droplets, a droplet cooling model was developed and validated using model alloys such as CuSn%6 and AlCu%4.5 for which a correlation of secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) and cooling rate is well-known. Droplets were generated from these alloys and their SDAS was determined using quantitative metallography. The cooling rate was then determined from the SDAS and used to validate the cooling rates obtained from the droplet cooling model. The application of that model on the HEA then leads to the cooling rate dependency and hence to the identification of process windows for the synthesis of these alloys. These process windows were then compared with cooling rates obtained in processes such as powder production, spray forming, selective laser melting and casting to predict if a synthesis is possible with these processes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooling%20rate" title="cooling rate">cooling rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drop-on-demand" title=" drop-on-demand"> drop-on-demand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20entropy%20alloys" title=" high entropy alloys"> high entropy alloys</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20droplet%20generation" title=" single droplet generation"> single droplet generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=X-ray%20Diffractometry" title=" X-ray Diffractometry"> X-ray Diffractometry</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78280/determination-of-the-cooling-rate-dependency-of-high-entropy-alloys-using-a-high-temperature-drop-on-demand-droplet-generator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78280.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">211</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">735</span> Studying Roughness Effects on Flow Regimes in Offshore Pipelines</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Sadegh%20Narges">Mohammad Sadegh Narges</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zahra%20Ghadampour"> Zahra Ghadampour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the specific condition, offshore pipelines are given careful consideration and care in both design and operation. Most of the offshore pipeline flows are multi-phase. Multi-phase flows construct different pattern or flow regimes (in simultaneous gas-liquid flow, flow regimes like slug flow, wave and …) under different circumstances. One of the influencing factors on the flow regime is the pipeline roughness value. So far, roughness value influences and the sensitivity of the present models to this parameter have not been taken into consideration. Therefore, roughness value influences on the flow regimes in offshore pipelines are discussed in this paper. Results showed that geometry, absolute pipeline roughness value (materials that the pipeline is made of) and flow phases prevailing the system are of the influential parameters on the flow regimes prevailing multi-phase pipelines in a way that a change in any of these parameters results in a change in flow regimes in all or part of the pipeline system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absolute%20roughness" title="absolute roughness">absolute roughness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20regime" title=" flow regime"> flow regime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-phase%20flow" title=" multi-phase flow"> multi-phase flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=offshore%20pipelines" title=" offshore pipelines"> offshore pipelines</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63642/studying-roughness-effects-on-flow-regimes-in-offshore-pipelines" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63642.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">374</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">734</span> Nondestructive Testing for Reinforced Concrete Buildings with Active Infrared Thermography</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Huy%20Q.%20Tran">Huy Q. Tran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jungwon%20Huh"> Jungwon Huh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kiseok%20Kwak"> Kiseok Kwak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Choonghyun%20Kang"> Choonghyun Kang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Infrared thermography (IRT) technique has been proven to be a good method for nondestructive evaluation of concrete material. In the building, a broad range of applications has been used such as subsurface defect inspection, energy loss, and moisture detection. The purpose of this research is to consider the qualitative and quantitative performance of reinforced concrete deteriorations using active infrared thermography technique. An experiment of three different heating regimes was conducted on a concrete slab in the laboratory. The thermal characteristics of the IRT method, i.e., absolute contrast and observation time, are investigated. A linear relationship between the observation time and the real depth was established with a well linear regression R-squared of 0.931. The results showed that the absolute contrast above defective area increases with the rise of the size of delamination and the heating time. In addition, the depth of delamination can be predicted by using the proposal relationship of this study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete%20building" title="concrete building">concrete building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infrared%20thermography" title=" infrared thermography"> infrared thermography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nondestructive%20evaluation" title=" nondestructive evaluation"> nondestructive evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subsurface%20delamination" title=" subsurface delamination"> subsurface delamination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84378/nondestructive-testing-for-reinforced-concrete-buildings-with-active-infrared-thermography" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84378.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">283</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">733</span> Multimodal Integration of EEG, fMRI and Positron Emission Tomography Data Using Principal Component Analysis for Prognosis in Coma Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Denis%20Jordan">Denis Jordan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Golkowski"> Daniel Golkowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mathias%20Lukas"> Mathias Lukas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katharina%20Merz"> Katharina Merz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caroline%20Mlynarcik"> Caroline Mlynarcik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Max%20Maurer"> Max Maurer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valentin%20Riedl"> Valentin Riedl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stefan%20Foerster"> Stefan Foerster</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eberhard%20F.%20Kochs"> Eberhard F. Kochs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andreas%20Bender"> Andreas Bender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ruediger%20Ilg"> Ruediger Ilg</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: So far, clinical assessments that rely on behavioral responses to differentiate coma states or even predict outcome in coma patients are unreliable, e.g. because of some patients’ motor disabilities. The present study was aimed to provide prognosis in coma patients using markers from electroencephalogram (EEG), blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). Unsuperwised principal component analysis (PCA) was used for multimodal integration of markers. Methods: Approved by the local ethics committee of the Technical University of Munich (Germany) 20 patients (aged 18-89) with severe brain damage were acquired through intensive care units at the Klinikum rechts der Isar in Munich and at the Therapiezentrum Burgau (Germany). At the day of EEG/fMRI/PET measurement (date I) patients (<3.5 month in coma) were grouped in the minimal conscious state (MCS) or vegetative state (VS) on the basis of their clinical presentation (coma recovery scale-revised, CRS-R). Follow-up assessment (date II) was also based on CRS-R in a period of 8 to 24 month after date I. At date I, 63 channel EEG (Brain Products, Gilching, Germany) was recorded outside the scanner, and subsequently simultaneous FDG-PET/fMRI was acquired on an integrated Siemens Biograph mMR 3T scanner (Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen Germany). Power spectral densities, permutation entropy (PE) and symbolic transfer entropy (STE) were calculated in/between frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital EEG channels. PE and STE are based on symbolic time series analysis and were already introduced as robust markers separating wakefulness from unconsciousness in EEG during general anesthesia. While PE quantifies the regularity structure of the neighboring order of signal values (a surrogate of cortical information processing), STE reflects information transfer between two signals (a surrogate of directed connectivity in cortical networks). fMRI was carried out using SPM12 (Wellcome Trust Center for Neuroimaging, University of London, UK). Functional images were realigned, segmented, normalized and smoothed. PET was acquired for 45 minutes in list-mode. For absolute quantification of brain’s glucose consumption rate in FDG-PET, kinetic modelling was performed with Patlak’s plot method. BOLD signal intensity in fMRI and glucose uptake in PET was calculated in 8 distinct cortical areas. PCA was performed over all markers from EEG/fMRI/PET. Prognosis (persistent VS and deceased patients vs. recovery to MCS/awake from date I to date II) was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC) including bootstrap confidence intervals (CI, *: p<0.05). Results: Prognosis was reliably indicated by the first component of PCA (AUC=0.99*, CI=0.92-1.00) showing a higher AUC when compared to the best single markers (EEG: AUC<0.96*, fMRI: AUC<0.86*, PET: AUC<0.60). CRS-R did not show prediction (AUC=0.51, CI=0.29-0.78). Conclusion: In a multimodal analysis of EEG/fMRI/PET in coma patients, PCA lead to a reliable prognosis. The impact of this result is evident, as clinical estimates of prognosis are inapt at time and could be supported by quantitative biomarkers from EEG, fMRI and PET. Due to the small sample size, further investigations are required, in particular allowing superwised learning instead of the basic approach of unsuperwised PCA. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coma%20states%20and%20prognosis" title="coma states and prognosis">coma states and prognosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electroencephalogram" title=" electroencephalogram"> electroencephalogram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entropy" title=" entropy"> entropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=functional%20magnetic%20resonance%20imaging" title=" functional magnetic resonance imaging"> functional magnetic resonance imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine%20learning" title=" machine learning"> machine learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=positron%20emission%20tomography" title=" positron emission tomography"> positron emission tomography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=principal%20component%20analysis" title=" principal component analysis"> principal component analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55193/multimodal-integration-of-eeg-fmri-and-positron-emission-tomography-data-using-principal-component-analysis-for-prognosis-in-coma-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55193.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">339</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">732</span> Hyperspectral Image Classification Using Tree Search Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shreya%20Pare">Shreya Pare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parvin%20Akhter"> Parvin Akhter</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Remotely sensing image classification becomes a very challenging task owing to the high dimensionality of hyperspectral images. The pixel-wise classification methods fail to take the spatial structure information of an image. Therefore, to improve the performance of classification, spatial information can be integrated into the classification process. In this paper, the multilevel thresholding algorithm based on a modified fuzzy entropy function is used to perform the segmentation of hyperspectral images. The fuzzy parameters of the MFE function have been optimized by using a new meta-heuristic algorithm based on the Tree-Search algorithm. The segmented image is classified by a large distribution machine (LDM) classifier. Experimental results are shown on a hyperspectral image dataset. The experimental outputs indicate that the proposed technique (MFE-TSA-LDM) achieves much higher classification accuracy for hyperspectral images when compared to state-of-art classification techniques. The proposed algorithm provides accurate segmentation and classification maps, thus becoming more suitable for image classification with large spatial structures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classification" title="classification">classification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyperspectral%20images" title=" hyperspectral images"> hyperspectral images</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large%20distribution%20margin" title=" large distribution margin"> large distribution margin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modified%20fuzzy%20entropy%20function" title=" modified fuzzy entropy function"> modified fuzzy entropy function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multilevel%20thresholding" title=" multilevel thresholding"> multilevel thresholding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tree%20search%20algorithm" title=" tree search algorithm"> tree search algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyperspectral%20image%20classification%20using%20tree%20search%20algorithm" title=" hyperspectral image classification using tree search algorithm"> hyperspectral image classification using tree search algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143284/hyperspectral-image-classification-using-tree-search-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143284.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">177</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">731</span> Conjugate Mixed Convection Heat Transfer and Entropy Generation of Cu-Water Nanofluid in an Enclosure with Thick Wavy Bottom Wall</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjib%20Kr%20Pal">Sanjib Kr Pal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Bhattacharyya"> S. Bhattacharyya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mixed convection of Cu-water nanofluid in an enclosure with thick wavy bottom wall has been investigated numerically. A co-ordinate transformation method is used to transform the computational domain into an orthogonal co-ordinate system. The governing equations in the computational domain are solved through a pressure correction based iterative algorithm. The fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics are analyzed for a wide range of Richardson number (0.1 ≤ Ri ≤ 5), nanoparticle volume concentration (0.0 ≤ ϕ ≤ 0.2), amplitude (0.0 ≤ α ≤ 0.1) of the wavy thick- bottom wall and the wave number (ω) at a fixed Reynolds number. Obtained results showed that heat transfer rate increases remarkably by adding the nanoparticles. Heat transfer rate is dependent on the wavy wall amplitude and wave number and decreases with increasing Richardson number for fixed amplitude and wave number. The Bejan number and the entropy generation are determined to analyze the thermodynamic optimization of the mixed convection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conjugate%20heat%20transfer" title="conjugate heat transfer">conjugate heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20convection" title=" mixed convection"> mixed convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20fluid" title=" nano fluid"> nano fluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wall%20waviness" title=" wall waviness"> wall waviness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68225/conjugate-mixed-convection-heat-transfer-and-entropy-generation-of-cu-water-nanofluid-in-an-enclosure-with-thick-wavy-bottom-wall" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68225.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">254</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absolute%20entropy&page=5" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absolute%20entropy&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absolute%20entropy&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absolute%20entropy&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absolute%20entropy&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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