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aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Statistics_regarding_people_affected" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statistics_regarding_people_affected"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>Statistics regarding people affected</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Statistics_regarding_people_affected-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overviews" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overviews"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Overviews</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overviews-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Studies_and_essays_on_regions_affected" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Studies_and_essays_on_regions_affected"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.1</span> <span>Studies and essays on regions affected</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Studies_and_essays_on_regions_affected-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cervencov%C3%BD_pu%C4%8D" title="Červencový puč – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Červencový puč" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliputsch" title="Juliputsch – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Juliputsch" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golpe_de_Estado_de_julio_(Austria)" title="Golpe de Estado de julio (Austria) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Golpe de Estado de julio (Austria)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putsch_de_juillet" title="Putsch de juillet – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Putsch de juillet" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golpe_de_Estado_de_xullo_(Austria)" title="Golpe de Estado de xullo (Austria) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Golpe de Estado de xullo (Austria)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upaya_kudeta_Juli" title="Upaya kudeta Juli – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Upaya kudeta Juli" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/NgoJulayi_putsch" title="NgoJulayi putsch – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="NgoJulayi putsch" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putsch_di_luglio" title="Putsch di luglio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Putsch di luglio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A9_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99" title="פוטש יולי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פוטש יולי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliputsch" title="Juliputsch – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Juliputsch" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julikuppet_(%C3%98sterrike)" title="Julikuppet (Østerrike) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Julikuppet (Østerrike)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golpe_de_Julho" title="Golpe de Julho – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Golpe de Julho" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%8E%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D1%87" title="Июльский путч – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Июльский путч" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julikuppen" title="Julikuppen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Julikuppen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%8F%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8E%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1" title="กบฏเดือนกรกฎาคม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กบฏเดือนกรกฎาคม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D1%87" title="Липневий путч – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Липневий путч" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Coup d'état attempt in Austria in 1934</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/20_July_plot" title="20 July plot">20 July plot</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">July Putsch</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Interwar_period" title="Interwar period">interwar period</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BlindadoDeLaPolic%C3%ADaEnBallhausplatz19340725.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/BlindadoDeLaPolic%C3%ADaEnBallhausplatz19340725.jpg/250px-BlindadoDeLaPolic%C3%ADaEnBallhausplatz19340725.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/BlindadoDeLaPolic%C3%ADaEnBallhausplatz19340725.jpg/375px-BlindadoDeLaPolic%C3%ADaEnBallhausplatz19340725.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/BlindadoDeLaPolic%C3%ADaEnBallhausplatz19340725.jpg/500px-BlindadoDeLaPolic%C3%ADaEnBallhausplatz19340725.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="548" /></a></span><br />Police car at <a href="/wiki/Ballhausplatz" title="Ballhausplatz">Ballhausplatz</a> outside Chancellery building, 25 July 1934</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>25–30 July 1934 (6 days)</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location">Vienna, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> <p>Austrian government victory </p> <ul><li>Nazi coup d'etat failed</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatherland_Front_(Austria)" title="Fatherland Front (Austria)">Fatherland Front</a> remains in power</li> <li>Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss is killed</li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Schutzstaffel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">Schutzstaffel</a> (SS) </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Austrian_SS" title="Austrian SS">SS Standarte 89</a></i></li></ul> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany"><img alt="Nazi Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Nazi_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian Nazi Party">Austrian Nazi Party</a> supporters<br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany"><img alt="Nazi Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Legion" title="Austrian Legion">Austrian Legion</a><br /><b>Supported by:</b><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/State_flag_of_Austria_%281934%E2%80%931938%29.svg/23px-State_flag_of_Austria_%281934%E2%80%931938%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/State_flag_of_Austria_%281934%E2%80%931938%29.svg/35px-State_flag_of_Austria_%281934%E2%80%931938%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/State_flag_of_Austria_%281934%E2%80%931938%29.svg/45px-State_flag_of_Austria_%281934%E2%80%931938%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="750" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Federal_State_of_Austria" title="Federal State of Austria">Federal State of Austria</a> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_the_Fatherland_Front_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Fatherland_Front_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_the_Fatherland_Front_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Fatherland_Front_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_the_Fatherland_Front_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Fatherland_Front_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fatherland_Front_(Austria)" title="Fatherland Front (Austria)">Fatherland Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Austria">Federal Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Police">Federal Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendarmerie" title="Gendarmerie">Gendarmerie</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heimwehr" title="Heimwehr">Heimwehr</a></i></li></ul> <b>Supported by:</b><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fascist_Italy" title="Fascist Italy"><img alt="Fascist Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy_%281861-1946%29_crowned.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fascist_Italy_(1922-1943)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascist Italy (1922-1943)">Kingdom of Italy</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Fridolin_Glass" title="Fridolin Glass">Fridolin Glass</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Otto_W%C3%A4chter" title="Otto Wächter">Otto Wächter</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Anton_Rintelen" title="Anton Rintelen">Anton Rintelen</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Surrender_(military)" title="Surrendered"><img alt="Surrendered" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/14px-White_flag_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/21px-White_flag_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/White_flag_icon.svg/28px-White_flag_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="351" /></a></span></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <b><a href="/wiki/Engelbert_Dollfuss" title="Engelbert Dollfuss">Engelbert Dollfuss</a></b> <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a><br /><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Miklas" title="Wilhelm Miklas">Wilhelm Miklas</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Schuschnigg" title="Kurt Schuschnigg">Kurt Schuschnigg</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ernst_R%C3%BCdiger_Starhemberg" title="Ernst Rüdiger Starhemberg">Ernst Rüdiger Starhemberg</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Emil_Fey" title="Emil Fey">Emil Fey</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 154 <a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">SS</a> (Vienna)<br />thousands (elsewhere)</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> Entire Federal Army, police, gendarmeries, and paramilitary <a href="/wiki/Heimwehr" title="Heimwehr">Heimwehr</a> forces</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 98<sup id="cite_ref-Bauer2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bauer2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>–140<sup id="cite_ref-Bauer1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bauer1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> killed<br />13 executed<sup id="cite_ref-Bauer1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bauer1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />4,000 detained<sup id="cite_ref-Bauer1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bauer1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 101<sup id="cite_ref-Bauer2_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bauer2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>–104<sup id="cite_ref-Bauer1_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bauer1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> killed</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-top:1px dotted #aaa;"> 11<sup id="cite_ref-Bauer2_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bauer2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>–13<sup id="cite_ref-Bauer1_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bauer1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> civilians killed</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>July Putsch</b> was a failed coup attempt against the <a href="/wiki/Austrofascist" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrofascist">Austrofascist</a> regime by <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Nazis" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian Nazis">Austrian Nazis</a> from 25 to 30 July 1934. </p><p>Just a few months after the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Civil_War" title="Austrian Civil War">Austrian Civil War</a>, Austrian Nazis and German SS soldiers attacked the Chancellery in Vienna in an attempt to depose the ruling <a href="/wiki/Fatherland_Front_(Austria)" title="Fatherland Front (Austria)">Fatherland Front</a> government under <a href="/wiki/Engelbert_Dollfuss" title="Engelbert Dollfuss">Engelbert Dollfuss</a> in favor of replacing it with a pro-Nazi government under <a href="/wiki/Anton_Rintelen" title="Anton Rintelen">Anton Rintelen</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Social_Party_(Austria)" title="Christian Social Party (Austria)">Christian Social Party</a>. The Nazi putsch ultimately failed as the majority of the Austrian population and army remained loyal to the government. The Nazis managed to kill Dollfuss, but <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Schuschnigg" title="Kurt Schuschnigg">Kurt Schuschnigg</a> succeeded him and the Austrofascist regime remained in power. </p><p>A German invasion of Austria in support of the July Putsch was averted due to the guarantee of independence and diplomatic support that Austria received from <a href="/wiki/Fascist_Italy_(1922%E2%80%931943)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascist Italy (1922–1943)">Fascist Italy</a>. The Austrian government eventually suppressed the coup, with over 200 people being killed in six days of fighting. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_Putsch&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Nazi <i><a href="/wiki/Machtergreifung" class="mw-redirect" title="Machtergreifung">Machtergreifung</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a> on 30 January 1933, when President <a href="/wiki/Paul_von_Hindenburg" title="Paul von Hindenburg">Paul von Hindenburg</a> appointed <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> chancellor, gave an enormous boost to <a href="/wiki/Austrian_National_Socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian National Socialism">Austrian Nazis</a>. When the Austrian chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss obstructed further sessions of the <a href="/wiki/National_Council_(Austria)" title="National Council (Austria)">National Council</a> parliament on 4 March 1933, the Austrian Nazis responded with demands for a new election, massive propaganda and a wave of bomb terror. Dollfuss responded to the actions with authoritarian measures such as house searches and arrests. The situation was exacerbated by the <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavarian</a> Minister of Justice, the Nazi lawyer <a href="/wiki/Hans_Frank" title="Hans Frank">Hans Frank</a>, who, in a public speech on 8 March, threatened the Austrian government with an armed intervention by Nazi forces. Nevertheless, the right-wing Austrian government initially concentrated on the ban of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Austria" title="Communist Party of Austria">Communist Party</a> and the Social Democratic <a href="/wiki/Republikanischer_Schutzbund" title="Republikanischer Schutzbund">Republikanischer Schutzbund</a> paramilitary organisation. On 15 May 1933, Hans Frank entered the country to speak in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>. He openly spoke against the regime and Jews, and addressed Austrian Germans encouraging civic disobedience. In response, Dollfuss ordered Frank and another 100 German Nazis deported. He had nearly 2,400 Austrian Nazis arrested for pelting the <a href="/wiki/Heimwehr" title="Heimwehr">Heimwehr</a> with eggs, rocks, and vegetables. In response to a fatal bombing, the Austrian <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a> was banned on 19 June 1933.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many Austrian Nazis fled to Germany and joined the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Legion" title="Austrian Legion">Austrian Legion</a> under the command of SA-<i><a href="/wiki/Obergruppenf%C3%BChrer" title="Obergruppenführer">Obergruppenführer</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Reschny" title="Hermann Reschny">Hermann Reschny</a>, and others remained in Austria and continued their actions illegally. Hitler's government reacted with harsh economic sanctions aimed at Austrian tourism. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_Putsch&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 25 July 1934, in the midst of difficult social and political tensions, and with the knowledge of official German positions, 154 <a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">SS</a> men disguised as <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Armed_Forces" title="Austrian Armed Forces">Bundesheer</a> soldiers and policemen pushed into the Austrian chancellery. Dollfuss was killed by two bullets fired by Nazi <a href="/wiki/Otto_Planetta" title="Otto Planetta">Otto Planetta</a>. The rest of the government was able to escape. Another group of the putschists occupied the <a href="/wiki/ORF_(broadcaster)" title="ORF (broadcaster)">RAVAG</a> radio building and broadcast a false report about the putative transfer of power from Dollfuss to <a href="/wiki/Anton_Rintelen" title="Anton Rintelen">Anton Rintelen</a>, which was to have been the call for Nazis all over Austria to begin the uprising against the state. There were several days of fighting in parts of <a href="/wiki/Carinthia_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Carinthia (state)">Carinthia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Styria" title="Styria">Styria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Upper_Austria" title="Upper Austria">Upper Austria</a> as well as smaller uprisings in <a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a>. There was fighting in <a href="/wiki/Upper_Styria" title="Upper Styria">Upper Styria</a>, both the industrial area between <a href="/wiki/Judenburg" title="Judenburg">Judenburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leoben" title="Leoben">Leoben</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Enns_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Enns (city)">Enns</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Deutschlandsberg_District" title="Deutschlandsberg District">Deutschlandsberg District</a> in southwestern Styria and in southeastern Styria by <a href="/wiki/Bad_Radkersburg" title="Bad Radkersburg">Bad Radkersburg</a>. Bloody clashes took place in and around <a href="/wiki/Schladming" title="Schladming">Schladming</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leoben" title="Leoben">Leoben</a>. </p><p>In Carinthia, the centres of the coup were in Lower Carinthia and <a href="/wiki/Sankt_Paul_im_Lavanttal" title="Sankt Paul im Lavanttal">Sankt Paul im Lavanttal</a>. In Upper Austria, in addition to individual actions in the <a href="/wiki/Salzkammergut" title="Salzkammergut">Salzkammergut</a>, the fighting was concentrated in the <a href="/wiki/Pyhrn_Pass" title="Pyhrn Pass">Pyhrn Pass</a> and in the <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BChlviertel" title="Mühlviertel">Mühlviertel</a>, where on the night of 26 July, in the <a href="/wiki/Kollerschlag" title="Kollerschlag">Kollerschlag</a> area on the Bavarian-Austrian border, a division of the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Legion" title="Austrian Legion">Austrian Legion</a> invaded Austrian territory and attacked the customs guard and a police station.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many of the Austrian Nazis were not armed since they had believed that the Austrian military and police would join them once the coup began, but most forces stayed loyal.<sup id="cite_ref-gunther1940_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gunther1940-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Early on 26 July, a German courier was arrested at the border crossing in <a href="/wiki/Kollerschlag" title="Kollerschlag">Kollerschlag</a> who was carrying precise instructions for the putsch. Called the "Kollerschlag Document", it testified to a clear connection between Bavaria and the July Putsch. </p><p>The death of Dollfuss enraged <a href="/wiki/Mussolini" class="mw-redirect" title="Mussolini">Mussolini</a>, whose wife, <a href="/wiki/Rachele_Mussolini" title="Rachele Mussolini">Rachele</a>, was entertaining the rest of Dollfuss's family. He moved troops to the Austrian border and told <a href="/wiki/Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitler">Hitler</a> that he was not to invade <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>. This made Hitler proclaim that he did not support the coup, which ultimately led to its failure. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_Putsch&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The coup was finally crushed by the police, military and paramilitary units loyal to the government. There is varying information regarding the number of fatalities. Gerhard Jagschitz took over the work of military historian Erwin Steinböck. In 1965 his figures claimed that the July coup and its immediate consequences lead to the deaths of 270 people: 153 Nazi supporters died (including 13 executed and seven people who committed suicide), 104 died on the Government side, along with 13 civilians.<sup id="cite_ref-Bauer1_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bauer1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast, Austrian historian <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt_Bauer_(Historiker)" class="extiw" title="de:Kurt Bauer (Historiker)">Kurt Bauer</a>'s extensive studies concluded that there were 223 deaths: 111 Nazi supporters, including the 13 who were executed, 101 on the Government side, and 11 civilians.<sup id="cite_ref-Bauer2_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bauer2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The number of injured is estimated at 500–600 people. </p><p>On 26 July 1934, military tribunals and courts-martial were convened to prosecute the rebels. Dozens of death sentences were imposed, of which 13 were carried out. Of those executed, four of them were on-duty police officers who'd collaborated with the rebels during the seizure of the Federal Chancellery. Viennese police officers Josef Hackl, Erich Wohlrab, Franz Leeb, and Ludwig Maitzen were defendants in a mass trial of nine police officers for collaboration. Hackl, Wohlrab, Leeb, and Maitzen were found guilty of treason, sentenced to death, and executed by hanging on 13 August 1934. The other officers received sentences ranging from 10 years to life in prison. One other collaborator, on-duty soldier Ernst Feike, was executed on 7 August 1934.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another 4,000 rebels received prison sentences or were detained. In Vienna alone, at least 260 police officers were arrested after officials found a list of Nazi Party members while searching a police officer's home.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many rebels fled to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> or to Germany. <a href="/wiki/Kurt_von_Schuschnigg" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurt von Schuschnigg">Kurt von Schuschnigg</a> became the new Chancellor and <a href="/wiki/Ernst_R%C3%BCdiger_Starhemberg" title="Ernst Rüdiger Starhemberg">Ernst Rüdiger Starhemberg</a> remained as Vice-Chancellor. </p><p>After the failed putsch, Hitler closed down the Munich office of the Austrian Nazi Party.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 1934, <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a> announced "Pax Romana" alliance with France against <a href="/wiki/Third_Reich" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Reich">Third Reich</a> following Austria's July Putsch and Italy's opposition to <i><a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluss</a></i>. Mussolini said that Italy would no longer support Germany's intentions to revise the <a href="/wiki/Versailles_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="Versailles Treaty">Versailles Treaty</a> and <a href="/wiki/German_rearmament" title="German rearmament">German rearmament</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_Putsch&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austria_in_the_time_of_National_Socialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Austria in the time of National Socialism">Austria in the time of National Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Civil_War" title="Austrian Civil War">Austrian Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_of_the_Long_Knives" title="Night of the Long Knives">Night of the Long Knives</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_Putsch&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_Putsch&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Bauer2-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bauer2_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bauer2_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bauer2_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bauer2_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bauer (2003), p. 325</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bauer1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bauer1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bauer1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bauer1_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bauer1_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bauer1_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bauer1_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bauer (2003), p. 326</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,753682,00.html">"AUSTRIA: Dollfuss v. Undesirables"</a>. <i>Time</i>. 29 May 1933. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0040-781X">0040-781X</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=AUSTRIA%3A+Dollfuss+v.+Undesirables&rft.date=1933-05-29&rft.issn=0040-781X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C753682%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+Putsch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Anna_Rosmus" title="Anna Rosmus">Rosmus, Anna</a> (2015) <i>Hitlers Nibelungen</i>. Grafenau: Samples, pp. 101f</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gunther1940-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gunther1940_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGunther,_John1940" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Gunther" title="John Gunther">Gunther, John</a> (1940). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.149663/2015.149663.Inside-Europe#page/n39/mode/2up"><i>Inside Europe</i></a>. New York: Harper & Brothers. p. 18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inside+Europe&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Brothers&rft.date=1940&rft.au=Gunther%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fin.ernet.dli.2015.149663%2F2015.149663.Inside-Europe%23page%2Fn39%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+Putsch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTIMES1935" class="citation news cs1">TIMES, Wireless to THE NEW YORK (3 March 1935). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1935/03/03/archives/rintelen-denies-part-in-putsch-former-austrian-minister-to-rome.html">"RINTELEN DENIES PART IN PUTSCH; Former Austrian Minister to Rome Affirms Innocence in Rising Last July. FEEBLENESS CUTS HEARING 17 Nazis Sentenced to Death for Smuggling Explosives Into Austria From Germany"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=RINTELEN+DENIES+PART+IN+PUTSCH%3B+Former+Austrian+Minister+to+Rome+Affirms+Innocence+in+Rising+Last+July.+FEEBLENESS+CUTS+HEARING+17+Nazis+Sentenced+to+Death+for+Smuggling+Explosives+Into+Austria+From+Germany.&rft.date=1935-03-03&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=TIMES&rft.aufirst=Wireless+to+THE+NEW+YORK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1935%2F03%2F03%2Farchives%2Frintelen-denies-part-in-putsch-former-austrian-minister-to-rome.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+Putsch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/THD19340815.2.50">"DISLOYAL POLICE SHOT"</a>. <i>paperspast.natlib.govt.nz</i>. 15 August 1934<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=paperspast.natlib.govt.nz&rft.atitle=DISLOYAL+POLICE+SHOT&rft.date=1934-08-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaperspast.natlib.govt.nz%2Fnewspapers%2FTHD19340815.2.50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+Putsch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoll2016" class="citation web cs1">Moll, Martin (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://austriaca.at/0xc1aa5576%200x00349625.pdf">"Militärgerichtsbarkeit in Österreich (circa 1850–1945)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Milit%C3%A4rgerichtsbarkeit+in+%C3%96sterreich+%28circa+1850%E2%80%931945%29&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Moll&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faustriaca.at%2F0xc1aa5576%25200x00349625.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+Putsch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_J._Evans2012" class="citation book cs1">Richard J. Evans (26 July 2012). <i>The Third Reich in Power, 1933 – 1939: How the Nazis Won Over the Hearts and Minds of a Nation</i>. Penguin Books Limited. p. 622. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7181-9681-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7181-9681-3"><bdi>978-0-7181-9681-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Third+Reich+in+Power%2C+1933+%E2%80%93+1939%3A+How+the+Nazis+Won+Over+the+Hearts+and+Minds+of+a+Nation&rft.pages=622&rft.pub=Penguin+Books+Limited&rft.date=2012-07-26&rft.isbn=978-0-7181-9681-3&rft.au=Richard+J.+Evans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+Putsch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas_B._Morgan1934" class="citation news cs1">Thomas B. Morgan (7 September 1934). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Archives/1934/09/07/Mussolini-pledges-Pax-Romana/2411177180348/">"Mussolini pledges "Pax Romana"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/United_Press_International" title="United Press International">United Press International</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=United+Press+International&rft.atitle=Mussolini+pledges+%22Pax+Romana%22&rft.date=1934-09-07&rft.au=Thomas+B.+Morgan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FArchives%2F1934%2F09%2F07%2FMussolini-pledges-Pax-Romana%2F2411177180348%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+Putsch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes_needed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_Putsch&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Statistics_regarding_people_affected">Statistics regarding people affected</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_Putsch&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Statistics regarding people affected"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Beiträge zur Vorgeschichte und Geschichte der Julirevolte</i>. Published using official sources, Vienna 1934 <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><i>Die Erhebung der österreichischen Nationalsozialisten im Juli 1934. Akten der Historischen Kommission des Reichsführers SS</i>. Compiled by Herbert Steiner, Europa Press, Vienna-Frankfurt/Zurich 1965 (new edition 1984) <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><i>Die Juli-Revolte 1934. Das Eingreifen des österreichischen Bundesheeres zu ihrer Niederwerfung</i>. Only for internal use. Printed by the Federal Ministry of Defence as a manuscript, Vienna 1936 <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overviews">Overviews</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_Putsch&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Overviews"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurt_Bauer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kurt Bauer (page does not exist)">Bauer, Kurt</a>: <i>Elementar-Ereignis. Die österreichischen Nationalsozialisten und der Juliputsch 1934</i>, Czernin Verlag, Vienna 2003, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7076-0164-1" title="Special:BookSources/3-7076-0164-1">3-7076-0164-1</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li>Etschmann, Wolfgang: <i>Die Kämpfe in Österreich im Juli 1934</i> (Military History Series, No. 50) Austrian Federal Publisher, Vienna 1984 <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerhard_Jagschitz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerhard Jagschitz (page does not exist)">Jagschitz, Gerhard</a>: <i>Der Putsch. Die Nationalsozialisten 1934 in Österreich</i>, Verlag Styria, Graz-Vienna-Cologne 1976, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-222-10884-6" title="Special:BookSources/3-222-10884-6">3-222-10884-6</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gottfried-Karl_Kindermann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gottfried-Karl Kindermann (page does not exist)">Kindermann, Gottfried-Karl</a>: <i>Hitlers Niederlage in Österreich. Bewaffneter NS-Putsch, Kanzlermord und Österreichs Abwehrsieg von 1934</i>, 1st Edition, Hoffmann und Campe, Hamburg 1984, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-455-08235-1" title="Special:BookSources/3-455-08235-1">3-455-08235-1</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li>Schafranek, Hans: <i>Sommerfest mit Preisschießen. Die unbekannte Geschichte des NS-Putsches im Juli 1934</i>, Czernin Verlag, Vienna 2006, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7076-0081-5" title="Special:BookSources/3-7076-0081-5">3-7076-0081-5</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Studies_and_essays_on_regions_affected">Studies and essays on regions affected</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_Putsch&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Studies and essays on regions affected"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Klösch, Christian: <i>Des Führers heimliche Vasallen. Die Putschisten des Juli 1934 im Kärntner Lavanttal</i>, Czernin Verlag, Vienna 2007, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7076-0234-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7076-0234-0">978-3-7076-0234-0</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Maislinger" title="Andreas Maislinger">Maislinger, Andreas</a>: <i>Der Putsch von <a href="/wiki/Lamprechtshausen" title="Lamprechtshausen">Lamprechtshausen</a>. Zeugen des Juli 1934 berichten</i>, Self-publishing, Innsbruck 1992 <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li>Staudinger, Eduard G.: <i>Der Juli-Putsch 1934 im <a href="/wiki/Bezirk_Weiz" class="mw-redirect" title="Bezirk Weiz">Bezirk Weiz</a></i>. In: Journal 'Gleisdorf' 6, 1984, Edition no. 239-248 <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li>Wolf, Gerald M.: <i>"Jetzt sind wir die Herren ..." Die NSDAP im <a href="/wiki/Bezirk_Deutschlandsberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Bezirk Deutschlandsberg">Bezirk Deutschlandsberg</a> und der Juli-Putsch 1934</i> (Grazer Contemporary Studies, Volume 3) Innsbruck-Vienna-Bozen 2008, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7065-4006-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7065-4006-3">978-3-7065-4006-3</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_Putsch&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://austria-lexikon.at/af/AEIOU/Juliputsch_1934">Austria-Forum: Juliputsch 1934</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110612205458/http://www.doew.at/frames.php?%2Fthema%2Fjuli34%2F167_titel.html">Juliputsch im Dokumentationsarchiv des österreichischen Widerstands</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno?apm=0&datum=19340726&zoom=2">Ermordung von Engelbert Dollfuß in der österreichischen Presse</a> Österreichische Nationalbibliothek <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130114202325/http://science.orf.at/science/news/148826">Juliputsch 1934: Lavanttaler Nazis am "erfolgreichsten"</a> <a href="/wiki/ORF_(broadcaster)" title="ORF (broadcaster)">ORF</a>-Science <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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