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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hydrography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hydrography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Hydrography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hydrography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Demographics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administration_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Administration and politics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Administration_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Administration and politics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Administration_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Administration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Law_and_order" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law_and_order"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Law and order </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law_and_order-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnicity_and_religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnicity_and_religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Ethnicity and religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnicity_and_religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Languages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Arts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Cuisine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Economy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Infrastructure </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Infrastructure subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Water_supply" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water_supply"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Water supply </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water_supply-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Waste_management_and_pollution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Waste_management_and_pollution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Waste management and pollution </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Waste_management_and_pollution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Power" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Power"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Power </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Power-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_and_sanitation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_and_sanitation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Health and sanitation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_and_sanitation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Communication" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Communication"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.5 Communication </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Communication-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.6 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fire_and_rescue" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fire_and_rescue"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.7 Fire and rescue </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fire_and_rescue-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Transport </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Transport subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Air </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Rail </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Road </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks_and_recreation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks_and_recreation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Parks and recreation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks_and_recreation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Sports </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sports-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Sports subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-City_based_teams" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_based_teams"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 City based teams </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_based_teams-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Foreign relations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16.1 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Bengaluru</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 139 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-139" aria-hidden="true" > 139 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bangalore" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A0%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8B%E1%88%89%E1%88%A9" title="በንጋሉሩ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="በንጋሉሩ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1" title="بنغالور – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بنغالور" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Bangalore" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%81" title="বেংগালুৰু – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বেংগালুৰু" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bangalore" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banqalor" title="Banqalor – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Banqalor" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1" title="بنقلور – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بنقلور" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9ngaluru" title="Béngaluru – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Béngaluru" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81" title="বেঙ্গালুরু – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বেঙ্গালুরু" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Bangalore" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Бангалор – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Бангалор" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Бангалор – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бангалор" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%80%D1%83" title="Бэнгалюру – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Бэнгалюру" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B0" title="बंगलौर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="बंगलौर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83" title="Бенгалуру – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бенгалуру" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bengaluru" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83" title="Бенгалуру – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Бенгалуру" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bangalore" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Bangalore" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal%C3%BAr" title="Bengalúr – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bengalúr" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Bangalore" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bangalore" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bangalore" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bengaluru" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Bangalore" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0" title="बेङ्गलोर – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="बेङ्गलोर" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Bengaluru" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%BB%CF%8C%CF%81" title="Μπανγκαλόρ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπανγκαλόρ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bangalore" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengaluro" title="Bengaluro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bengaluro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bangalore" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1" title="بنگلور – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بنگلور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Bengaluru" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bangalore" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bangalore" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Bangalore" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bangalore" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%97%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%81" title="બેંગલુરુ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="બેંગલુરુ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%B5%EA%B0%88%EB%A3%A8%EB%A3%A8" title="벵갈루루 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="벵갈루루" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Bengaluru" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%80" title="Բանգալոր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բանգալոր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81" title="बेंगलुरु – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बेंगलुरु" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Bangalore" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bangalore" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Bangalore" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0" title="বাঙ্গালোর – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="বাঙ্গালোর" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bengaluru" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Bangalore" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Бангалор – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Бангалор" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bangalore" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bangalore" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A8" title="בנגלור – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בנגלור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Bangalore" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81" title="ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Bangalore" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3" title="ბენგალურუ – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბენგალურუ" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1" title="بنگلور – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="بنگلور" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengalour" title="Bengalour – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Bengalour" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Bangalore" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalor" title="Bangalor – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Bangalor" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Бангалор – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Бангалор" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Bangalore" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengalurus" title="Bengalurus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Bengalurus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal%C5%ABru" title="Bengalūru – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bengalūru" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal%C5%ABras" title="Bengalūras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bengalūras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bengaluru" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0" title="बेङ्गलोर – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="बेङ्गलोर" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Bangalore" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81" title="ബെംഗളൂരു – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബെംഗളൂരു" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangaruru" title="Pangaruru – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Pangaruru" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B3%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0" title="बंगळूर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बंगळूर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ბანგალორი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბანგალორი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1" title="بنجالور – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بنجالور" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1" title="بنگلور – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بنگلور" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bengaluru" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Bangalore" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Бангалор – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бангалор" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%82%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%99%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B7" title="ဘန်ဂလိုမြို့ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဘန်ဂလိုမြို့" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Begaluru" title="Begaluru – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Begaluru" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bangalore" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0" title="बेङ्गलोर – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बेङ्गलोर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81" title="बेङ्गलूरु – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="बेङ्गलूरु" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%99%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="ベンガルール – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ベンガルール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Бангалор – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Бангалор" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Bangalore" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bangalore" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bangalore" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bengaluru" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Бангалор – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Бангалор" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%99%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B3%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%81" title="ବେଙ୍ଗାଳୁରୁ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ବେଙ୍ଗାଳୁରୁ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalor" title="Bangalor – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bangalor" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%82" title="ਬੇਂਗਾਲ਼ੁਰੂ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬੇਂਗਾਲ਼ੁਰੂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1" title="بنگلور – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بنگلور" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1" title="بنگلور – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بنگلور" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bengaluru" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalor" title="Bangalor – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bangalor" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalor" title="Bangalor – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Bangalor" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bengaluru" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Bangalore" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Бангалор – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бангалор" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B3%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81" title="बेङ्गळूरु – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="बेङ्गळूरु" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%9D%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A9" title="ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Bangalore" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangaluri" title="Bangaluri – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Bangaluri" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%9C%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A" title="බැංගලෝර් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බැංගලෝර්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bangalore" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88" title="بنگلورو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="بنگلورو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangal%C3%BAr" title="Bangalúr – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bangalúr" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bangalore" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Bengaluru" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Bengaluru" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%95%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%86%D8%B1" title="بەنگالۆر – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بەنگالۆر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Бангалор – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бангалор" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalor" title="Bangalor – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bangalor" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bangalore" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bangalore" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bangalore" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="பெங்களூர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பெங்களூர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A4%C3%B1g%C3%A4luru" title="Bäñgäluru – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Bäñgäluru" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%B3%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81" title="బెంగళూరు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బెంగళూరు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9" title="เบงคลูรู – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เบงคลูรู" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Бангалор – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бангалор" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81" title="ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">ತುಳು</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bangalore" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalore" title="Bangalore – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Bangalore" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83" title="Бенгалуру – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бенгалуру" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1" title="بنگلور – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بنگلور" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ban%27galor" title="Ban'galor – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Ban'galor" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangalor" title="Bangalor – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Bangalor" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengaluru" title="Bengaluru – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bengaluru" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" 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.geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bengaluru&params=12_58_44_N_77_35_30_E_type:city_region:IN-KA">12°58′44″N 77°35′30″E / 12.97889°N 77.59167°E / 12.97889; 77.59167</a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangalore&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital of Karnataka, India</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Bangalore" redirects here. For other similarly named topics, see <a href="/wiki/Bangalore_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Bangalore (disambiguation)">Bangalore (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Metropolis in Karnataka, India</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Bengaluru</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="[[Kannada]]">Beṅgaḷūru (<a href="/wiki/Kannada_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannada language">Kannada</a>)</div><div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Bangalore</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Metropolis" title="Metropolis">Metropolis</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="height:90px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:UB_CITY_Skyline.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/UB_CITY_Skyline.jpg/288px-UB_CITY_Skyline.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/UB_CITY_Skyline.jpg/432px-UB_CITY_Skyline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/UB_CITY_Skyline.jpg/576px-UB_CITY_Skyline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1436" data-file-height="451" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Bengaluru_Central_Business_District" title="Bengaluru Central Business District">Skyline of the Central Business District</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:116px;max-width:116px"><div style="height:117px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Dharmaraya_Swamy_Temple_Bangalore_edit1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Dharmaraya_Swamy_Temple_Bangalore_edit1.jpg/114px-Dharmaraya_Swamy_Temple_Bangalore_edit1.jpg" decoding="async" width="114" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Dharmaraya_Swamy_Temple_Bangalore_edit1.jpg/171px-Dharmaraya_Swamy_Temple_Bangalore_edit1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Dharmaraya_Swamy_Temple_Bangalore_edit1.jpg/228px-Dharmaraya_Swamy_Temple_Bangalore_edit1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3356" data-file-height="3466" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Dharmaraya_Swamy_Temple" title="Dharmaraya Swamy Temple">Dharmaraya Swamy Temple</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:90px;max-width:90px"><div style="height:117px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Bangalore_palace_IMG_20121230_154849.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Bangalore_palace_IMG_20121230_154849.jpg/88px-Bangalore_palace_IMG_20121230_154849.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Bangalore_palace_IMG_20121230_154849.jpg/132px-Bangalore_palace_IMG_20121230_154849.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Bangalore_palace_IMG_20121230_154849.jpg/176px-Bangalore_palace_IMG_20121230_154849.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Bengaluru_Palace" title="Bengaluru Palace">Bengaluru Palace</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:80px;max-width:80px"><div style="height:117px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Gopura_of_Someshwara_temple_(16th_century)_in_Bengaluru.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Gopura_of_Someshwara_temple_%2816th_century%29_in_Bengaluru.JPG/78px-Gopura_of_Someshwara_temple_%2816th_century%29_in_Bengaluru.JPG" decoding="async" width="78" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Gopura_of_Someshwara_temple_%2816th_century%29_in_Bengaluru.JPG/117px-Gopura_of_Someshwara_temple_%2816th_century%29_in_Bengaluru.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Gopura_of_Someshwara_temple_%2816th_century%29_in_Bengaluru.JPG/156px-Gopura_of_Someshwara_temple_%2816th_century%29_in_Bengaluru.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Halasuru_Someshwara_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Halasuru Someshwara Temple">Halasuru Someshwara Temple</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:127px;max-width:127px"><div style="height:89px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Bagmane_Tech_Park,_CV_Raman_Nagar,_Bengaluru,_India_(2007).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Bagmane_Tech_Park%2C_CV_Raman_Nagar%2C_Bengaluru%2C_India_%282007%29.jpg/125px-Bagmane_Tech_Park%2C_CV_Raman_Nagar%2C_Bengaluru%2C_India_%282007%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Bagmane_Tech_Park%2C_CV_Raman_Nagar%2C_Bengaluru%2C_India_%282007%29.jpg/188px-Bagmane_Tech_Park%2C_CV_Raman_Nagar%2C_Bengaluru%2C_India_%282007%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Bagmane_Tech_Park%2C_CV_Raman_Nagar%2C_Bengaluru%2C_India_%282007%29.jpg/250px-Bagmane_Tech_Park%2C_CV_Raman_Nagar%2C_Bengaluru%2C_India_%282007%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="458" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Bagmane_Tech_Park" title="Bagmane Tech Park">Bagmane Tech Park</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:161px;max-width:161px"><div style="height:89px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Infosys_(4911287704).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Infosys_%284911287704%29.jpg/159px-Infosys_%284911287704%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="159" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Infosys_%284911287704%29.jpg/239px-Infosys_%284911287704%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Infosys_%284911287704%29.jpg/318px-Infosys_%284911287704%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1840" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Infosys" title="Infosys">Infosys</a> pyramid</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="height:107px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Vidhana_Soudha_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Vidhana_Soudha_2012.jpg/288px-Vidhana_Soudha_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Vidhana_Soudha_2012.jpg/432px-Vidhana_Soudha_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Vidhana_Soudha_2012.jpg/576px-Vidhana_Soudha_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2687" data-file-height="1000" /></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Vidhana_Soudha" title="Vidhana Soudha">Vidhana Soudha</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nicknames: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Silicon Valley of India">Silicon Valley of India</a>, <a href="/wiki/IT_Capital_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="IT Capital of India">IT Capital of India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garden_City_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Garden City of India">Garden City of India</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><div><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 350px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="350" data-zoom="6" data-lat="15.04" data-lon="76.4" data-overlays="["_8401aef70314604c1c4b346467d86dc345cff8e1"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/6/15.04/76.4/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,6,15.04,76.4,270x350.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Bengaluru&groups=_8401aef70314604c1c4b346467d86dc345cff8e1" width="270" height="350" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,6,15.04,76.4,270x350@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Bengaluru&groups=_8401aef70314604c1c4b346467d86dc345cff8e1 2x" alt="Map" /></a> Bengaluru in Karnataka map</div><div><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 300px; height: 300px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="300" data-zoom="10" data-lat="12.9791198" data-lon="77.5912997" data-overlays="["_ef8e309099931ae79dd61be00e0db9a69dab0ce7"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/10/12.9791198/77.5912997/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,12.9791198,77.5912997,300x300.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Bengaluru&groups=_ef8e309099931ae79dd61be00e0db9a69dab0ce7" width="300" height="300" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,12.9791198,77.5912997,300x300@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Bengaluru&groups=_ef8e309099931ae79dd61be00e0db9a69dab0ce7 2x" alt="Map" /></a> Bengaluru outline map</div><div><a href="/wiki/File:Bangalore_street_Map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Bangalore_street_Map.png/300px-Bangalore_street_Map.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Bangalore_street_Map.png/450px-Bangalore_street_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Bangalore_street_Map.png/600px-Bangalore_street_Map.png 2x" data-file-width="1722" data-file-height="1563" /></a> Bengaluru street map</div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bengaluru&params=12_58_44_N_77_35_30_E_type:city_region:IN-KA">12°58′44″N 77°35′30″E / 12.97889°N 77.59167°E / 12.97889; 77.59167</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data">India</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Districts</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Urban_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore Urban district">Bengaluru Urban</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1537</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kempe_Gowda_I" title="Kempe Gowda I">Kempe Gowda I</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Municipal_Corporations_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal Corporations in India">Municipal Corporation</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Bruhat_Bengaluru_Mahanagara_Palike" title="Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike">Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data">vacant</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Corporation Commissioner</th><td class="infobox-data">Tushar Giri Nath, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Administrative_Service" title="Indian Administrative Service">IAS</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-History-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolis" title="Metropolis">Metropolis</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">741 km2 (286 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">8,005 km2 (3,091 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">920 m (3,020 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2011)<a href="#cite_note-2011_Census_of_India-5">[5]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolis" title="Metropolis">Metropolis</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">8,443,675</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_populous_cities_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of most populous cities in India">3rd</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">11,000/km2 (30,000/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">10,456,000</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_million-plus_urban_agglomerations_in_India" title="List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India">5th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonyms</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Bengalurian</li><li>Bengalurinavaru</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B05:30" title="UTC+05:30">UTC+05:30</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_Index_Number" title="Postal Index Number">Pincode(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">560 xxx</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_India" title="Telephone numbers in India">+91-(0)80</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plate" title="Vehicle registration plate">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_RTO_districts_in_India#KA—Karnataka" class="mw-redirect" title="List of RTO districts in India">KA:</a>01-05, 41, 50-53, 57-61</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Purchasing_Power_Parity" class="mw-redirect" title="Purchasing Power Parity">GDP (PPP)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">$359.9 billion<a href="#cite_note-C40-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">Official language</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bbmp.gov.in/">www.bbmp.gov.in</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Bengaluru (<span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/6e\/Bengaluru-Kannada-Pronunciation.ogg\/Bengaluru-Kannada-Pronunciation.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<a href=\"\/wiki\/Kannada\" title=\"Kannada\">Kannada<\/a>&#160;:<\/small> Be\u1e45ga\u1e37\u016bru<\/i><\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Bengaluru-Kannada-Pronunciation.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6e/Bengaluru-Kannada-Pronunciation.ogg/Bengaluru-Kannada-Pronunciation.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a> : Beṅgaḷūru<a href="/wiki/File:Bengaluru-Kannada-Pronunciation.ogg" title="File:Bengaluru-Kannada-Pronunciation.ogg">ⓘ</a>), <a href="/wiki/List_of_renamed_places_in_India" title="List of renamed places in India">formerly</a> called Bangalore, is the <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital</a> and largest city of the southern <a href="/wiki/Indian_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian state">Indian state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a>. As per the <a href="/wiki/2011_Census_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Census of India">2011 census</a>, the city had a population of 8.4 million, making it the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_India_by_population" title="List of cities in India by population">third most populous city</a> in India and the most populous in <a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">South India</a>. The Bengaluru metropolitan area had a population of around 10.5 million, making it the <a href="/wiki/List_of_million-plus_urban_agglomerations_in_India" title="List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India">fourth most populous urban agglomeration</a> in the country. It is located near the center of the <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Plateau" title="Deccan Plateau">Deccan Plateau</a>, at a height of 900 m (3,000 ft) above sea level. The city is known as India's "Garden City", due to its parks and greenery. Archaeological artifacts indicate that the human settlement in the region happened as early as 4000 <a href="/wiki/BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="BCE">BCE</a>. The first mention of the name "Bengalooru" is from an old <a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a> stone inscription from 890 <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">CE</a> found at the <a href="/wiki/Nageshvara_Temple,_Begur" title="Nageshvara Temple, Begur">Nageshwara Temple</a>. From 350 CE, it was ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Western_Ganga_dynasty" title="Western Ganga dynasty">Western Ganga dynasty</a>, and in the early eleventh century, the city became part of the <a href="/wiki/Chola_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Chola empire">Chola empire</a>. In the late <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, the region was part of the <a href="/wiki/Hoysala_Kingdom" title="Hoysala Kingdom">Hoysala Kingdom</a> and then the <a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara Empire</a>. In 1537 CE, <a href="/wiki/Kempe_Gowda_I" title="Kempe Gowda I">Kempe Gowda I</a>, a feudal ruler under the Vijayanagara Empire, established a <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru_Pete" title="Bengaluru Pete">mud fort</a> which is considered the foundation of the modern city of Bengaluru and its oldest areas, or petes, which still exist. After the fall of the Vijayanagara Empire, Kempe Gowda declared independence, and the city was expanded by his successors. In 1638 CE, a <a href="/wiki/Adil_Shahi" class="mw-redirect" title="Adil Shahi">Adil Shahi</a> army defeated Kempe Gowda III, and the city became a <a href="/wiki/Jagir" title="Jagir">jagir</a> (feudal estate) of <a href="/wiki/Shahaji_Bhonsle" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahaji Bhonsle">Shahaji Bhonsle</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Mughals" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughals">Mughals</a> later captured Bengaluru and sold it to <a href="/wiki/Maharaja_of_Mysore" title="Maharaja of Mysore">Maharaja</a> <a href="/wiki/Chikkadevaraja_Wodeyar" class="mw-redirect" title="Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar">Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Kingdom of Mysore">Kingdom of Mysore</a>. After the death of <a href="/wiki/Krishnaraja_Wodeyar_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Krishnaraja Wodeyar II">Krishnaraja Wodeyar II</a> in 1759 CE, <a href="/wiki/Hyder_Ali" title="Hyder Ali">Hyder Ali</a> seized control of the kingdom, and the administration passed subsequently to his son <a href="/wiki/Tipu_Sultan" title="Tipu Sultan">Tipu Sultan</a>. The city was captured by the <a href="/wiki/British_East_India_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="British East India Company">British East India Company</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Mysore_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Mysore Wars">Anglo-Mysore Wars</a>, and became part of the <a href="/wiki/Princely_State_of_Mysore" class="mw-redirect" title="Princely State of Mysore">Princely State of Mysore</a>. The administrative control of the city was returned to <a href="/wiki/Krishnaraja_Wadiyar_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Krishnaraja Wadiyar III">Krishnaraja Wadiyar III</a>, then Maharaja of Mysore, and the old city developed under the dominions of the Mysore kingdom. In 1809 CE, the British shifted their military garrison to the city and established the <a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Cantonment" title="Bangalore Cantonment">cantonment</a>, outside the old city. In the late 19th century CE, the city was essentially composed of two distinct urban settlements, the old pete and the new cantonment. Following <a href="/wiki/Independence_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence of India">India's independence</a> in 1947, Bengaluru became the capital of <a href="/wiki/Mysore_State" title="Mysore State">Mysore State</a>, and remained the capital when the state was <a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Karnataka" title="Unification of Karnataka">enlarged and unified</a> in 1956 and subsequently renamed to Karnataka in 1973. The two urban settlements which had developed as independent entities, merged under a single urban administration in 1949. The city was officially known as Bangalore in English till 2006, when the official name was changed to its Kannada name, "Bengaluru". Bengaluru is one of the fastest-growing metropolises in India. As of 2023<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bengaluru&action=edit">[update]</a>, the metropolitan area had an estimated <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> of $359.9 billion, and is one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_GDP" title="List of cities by GDP">most productive metro areas</a> of India. The city is a major center for information technology (IT), and is consistently ranked amongst the world's fastest growing technology hubs. It is widely regarded as the "<a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a> of India", as the largest hub and exporter of IT services in the country. Manufacturing is a major contributor to the economy and the city is also home to several state-owned manufacturing companies. Bengaluru also hosts several institutes of <a href="/wiki/Institutes_of_National_Importance" title="Institutes of National Importance">national importance</a> in higher education. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> The earliest known reference to the name "Bengalūru" was on a ninth-century <a href="/wiki/Hero_stone" title="Hero stone">hero stone</a> or vīra gallu found in <a href="/wiki/Begur,_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Begur, Bangalore">Begur</a>. The Old <a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a> inscription belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Western_Ganga_dynasty" title="Western Ganga dynasty">Western Ganga dynasty</a> mentions the place in a battle in 890 <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">CE</a> .<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> However, <a href="/wiki/Kempe_Gowda_I" title="Kempe Gowda I">Kempe Gowda I</a> used the name of a village near Kodigehalli, to the name the city as Bengaluru during its foundation in 1537 CE. Bangalore is an <a href="/wiki/Anglicised" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglicised">anglicised</a> version of the city's Kannada name. The city was also referred to as "Kalyānapura" or "Kalyānapuri" ("Auspicious City") and "Dēvarāyapattana" during the later <a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Vijayanagara empire">Vijayanagara</a> period in 16th century CE.<a href="#cite_note-OtherNames-11">[11]</a> An <a href="/wiki/Apocryphal" class="mw-redirect" title="Apocryphal">apocryphal</a> story states that the twelfth-century <a href="/wiki/Hoysala" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoysala">Hoysala</a> king <a href="/wiki/Veera_Ballala_II" title="Veera Ballala II">Veera Ballala II</a>, while on a hunting expedition, lost his way in the forest. Tired and hungry, he came across a poor old woman who served him boiled beans. The grateful king named the place "Benda-Kaal-uru" (literally, "town of boiled beans"), which eventually evolved into "Bengalūru".<a href="#cite_note-OtherNames-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bendakaaluru-12">[12]</a> <a href="/wiki/Suryanath_U._Kamath" title="Suryanath U. Kamath">Suryanath Kamath</a> has hypothesised that the name was derived from benga, the Kannada term for <a href="/wiki/Pterocarpus_marsupium" title="Pterocarpus marsupium">Pterocarpus marsupium</a> (also known as the Indian Kino Tree), a species of dry and moist <a href="/wiki/Deciduous_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Deciduous tree">deciduous trees</a> that grows abundantly in the region.<a href="#cite_note-Aditi6-13">[13]</a> Other theories include that the city was called as "Benkat-uru" because of the <a href="/wiki/Venkateshwara" class="mw-redirect" title="Venkateshwara">Venkateshwara</a> temples built by Kempe Gowda, and "Benacha kalluru" because of the abundance of <a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">quartz</a> stones ("benacha kal" in Kannada) in the region.<a href="#cite_note-OtherNames-11">[11]</a> On 11 December 2005, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Karnataka" title="Government of Karnataka">Government of Karnataka</a> accepted a proposal by <a href="/wiki/U._R._Ananthamurthy" title="U. R. Ananthamurthy">U. R. Ananthamurthy</a> to officially the city from <a href="/wiki/Renaming_of_cities_in_India" title="Renaming of cities in India">rename</a> Bangalore to Bengaluru.<a href="#cite_note-rename2-14">[14]</a> On 27 September 2006, the <a href="/wiki/Bruhat_Bengaluru_Mahanagara_Palike" title="Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike">Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike</a> passed a resolution to implement the name change, and the government of Karnataka officially implemented the name change from 1 November 2014 after the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Union government</a> approved the request.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-rename1-17">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Bengaluru" title="History of Bengaluru">History of Bengaluru</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_and_middle_ages">Early and middle ages</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/Stone_Age" title="Stone Age">Stone Age</a> artefacts discovered at <a href="/wiki/Jalahalli" title="Jalahalli">Jalahalli</a>, Sidhapura and Jadigenahalli on Bengaluru's outskirts indicate human settlement around 4000 BCE.<a href="#cite_note-banghist-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a> tools and burial mounds from around 800 BCE, have been found in <a href="/wiki/Koramangala" title="Koramangala">Koramangala</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chikkajala" title="Chikkajala">Chikkajala</a>. Coins of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_emperor" title="Roman emperor">Roman emperors</a> <a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a> found at <a href="/wiki/Yeswanthpur" title="Yeswanthpur">Yeswanthpur</a> and <a href="/wiki/HAL_Airport" title="HAL Airport">HAL</a> indicate the involvement of the region in trans-oceanic trade with the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a> and other civilisations in the first century CE.<a href="#cite_note-OtherNames-11">[11]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Naganatheshvara_Temple_(9th_century)_at_Begur,_Bengaluru.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Naganatheshvara_Temple_%289th_century%29_at_Begur%2C_Bengaluru.JPG/220px-Naganatheshvara_Temple_%289th_century%29_at_Begur%2C_Bengaluru.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Naganatheshvara_Temple_%289th_century%29_at_Begur%2C_Bengaluru.JPG/330px-Naganatheshvara_Temple_%289th_century%29_at_Begur%2C_Bengaluru.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Naganatheshvara_Temple_%289th_century%29_at_Begur%2C_Bengaluru.JPG/440px-Naganatheshvara_Temple_%289th_century%29_at_Begur%2C_Bengaluru.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Begur <a href="/wiki/Nageshvara_Temple,_Begur" title="Nageshvara Temple, Begur">Nageshwara Temple</a> was built around <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 860, during the reign of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Ganga_dynasty" title="Western Ganga dynasty">Western Ganga dynasty</a>.</figcaption></figure> The region of modern-day Bengaluru was part of several successive <a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">South Indian</a> kingdoms. Between the fourth and tenth centuries CE, the region was ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Western_Ganga_dynasty" title="Western Ganga dynasty">Western Ganga dynasty</a>, the first dynasty to set up effective control over the region.<a href="#cite_note-banghist3-20">[20]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Thurston" title="Edgar Thurston">Edgar Thurston</a>, twenty-eight kings ruled Gangavadi from the start of the Common Era until its conquest by the <a href="/wiki/Cholas" class="mw-redirect" title="Cholas">Cholas</a> in the early eleventh century CE. The Western Gangas ruled as a sovereign power from 350 to 550 CE, and as feudatories of the <a href="/wiki/Chalukya_dynasty" title="Chalukya dynasty">Chalukyas of Badami</a>, and later the <a href="/wiki/Rashtrakutas" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashtrakutas">Rashtrakutas</a> until the tenth century.<a href="#cite_note-Aditi6-13">[13]</a> The Begur <a href="/wiki/Nageshvara_Temple,_Begur" title="Nageshvara Temple, Begur">Nageshwara Temple</a> was commissioned around 860 CE, during the reign of the Western Ganga King Ereganga Nitimarga I, and extended by his successor Nitimarga II.<a href="#cite_note-banghist4-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-niti-22">[22]</a> Around 1004 CE, during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Raja_Raja_Chola_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Raja Raja Chola I">Raja Raja Chola I</a>, the Cholas defeated the Western Gangas under the command of the crown prince <a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Chola_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajendra Chola I">Rajendra Chola I</a>, and captured the region.<a href="#cite_note-banghist4-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> During this period, the region witnessed the migration of many groups—warriors, administrators, traders, artisans, pastorals, cultivators, and religious personnel from the Southern <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> speaking regions and other Kannada-speaking parts of the region.<a href="#cite_note-banghist3-20">[20]</a> The Cholas built many <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chola_temples_in_Bengaluru" title="List of Chola temples in Bengaluru">temples in the region</a> including the <a href="/wiki/Domlur_Chokkanathaswamy_temple" title="Domlur Chokkanathaswamy temple">Chokkanathaswamy temple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mukthi_Natheshwara_Temple" title="Mukthi Natheshwara Temple">Mukthi Natheshwara Temple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nageshvara_Temple,_Begur" title="Nageshvara Temple, Begur">Choleshwara Temple</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Halasuru_Someshwara_Temple,_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Halasuru Someshwara Temple, Bangalore">Someshwara Temple</a>.<a href="#cite_note-banghist4-21">[21]</a> In 1117, the <a href="/wiki/Hoysala" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoysala">Hoysala</a> king <a href="/wiki/Vishnuvardhana" title="Vishnuvardhana">Vishnuvardhana</a> defeated the Cholas in the Battle of Talakad in south Karnataka, and extended his rule over the region.<a href="#cite_note-banghist4-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> In the later part of the 13th century CE, Bengaluru was a source of contention between two warring cousins, the Hoysala ruler <a href="/wiki/Veera_Ballala_III" title="Veera Ballala III">Veera Ballala III</a> of <a href="/wiki/Halebidu" title="Halebidu">Halebidu</a> and Ramanatha, who administered the Hoysala held territory in the southern Tamil speaking regions.<a href="#cite_note-banghist4-21">[21]</a> Veera Ballala appointed a civic head at Hudi (suburb of the city) to administer the region, and promoted the village to the status of a town. After his death in 1343, the region came under the influence of <a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Vijayanagara empire">Vijayanagara empire</a>, which saw the rule of four consecutive dynasties – <a href="/wiki/Sangama_dynasty" title="Sangama dynasty">Sangamas</a> (1336–1485), <a href="/wiki/Saluva_dynasty" title="Saluva dynasty">Saluvas</a> (1485–1491), <a href="/wiki/Tuluva_dynasty" title="Tuluva dynasty">Tuluvas</a> (1491–1565), and <a href="/wiki/Aravidu_dynasty" title="Aravidu dynasty">Aravidu</a> (1565–1646).<a href="#cite_note-banghist6-25">[25]</a> In the early 16th century CE, <a href="/wiki/Achyuta_Deva_Raya" title="Achyuta Deva Raya">Achyuta Deva Raya</a> built a dam across the <a href="/wiki/Arkavati" class="mw-redirect" title="Arkavati">Arkavati</a> river near <a href="/wiki/Hesaraghatta" class="mw-redirect" title="Hesaraghatta">Hesaraghatta</a>, whose reservoir was used to supply water to the region.<a href="#cite_note-Aditi9-26">[26]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundation_and_early_modern_history">Foundation and early modern history</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bangalore_Fort.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Bangalore_Fort.jpg/220px-Bangalore_Fort.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Bangalore_Fort.jpg/330px-Bangalore_Fort.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Bangalore_Fort.jpg/440px-Bangalore_Fort.jpg 2x" data-file-width="712" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Fort" title="Bangalore Fort">Bangalore Fort</a> in 1860 CE showing fortifications and barracks. The fort was originally built by <a href="/wiki/Kempe_Gowda_I" title="Kempe Gowda I">Kempe Gowda I</a> as a mud fort in 1537 CE.</figcaption></figure> The city proper was established in 1537 CE by <a href="/wiki/Kempe_Gowda_I" title="Kempe Gowda I">Kempe Gowda I</a>, a local governor and <a href="/wiki/Chieftain" class="mw-redirect" title="Chieftain">chieftain</a> aligned with the <a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara Empire</a> under emperor <a href="/wiki/Achyuta_Deva_Raya" title="Achyuta Deva Raya">Achyuta Deva Raya</a>. He led a campaign against Gangaraja, whom he defeated and expelled to <a href="/wiki/Kanchi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanchi">Kanchi</a>, and built a <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru_Pete" title="Bengaluru Pete">a mud-brick fort</a> at the site, which later became the central part of the modern city of Bengaluru. Kempe Gowda referred to the new town as his "Gandubhūmi" ("Land of Heroes").<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Within the fort, the town was divided into smaller divisions, each called a pētē (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>Kannada pronunciation: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[peːteː]</a>).<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> The town had two main streets—Chikkapētē and Doddapētē, which intersected to form the Doddapētē Square in the heart of the town.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> Kempe Gowda also built the temple at <a href="/wiki/Dodda_Basavana_Gudi" title="Dodda Basavana Gudi">Basavanagudi</a>, and expanded other temples. He also constructed various tanks such as Kempambudhi, Dharmambudhi, and Sampangi for water storage.<a href="#cite_note-ekoji-30">[30]</a> <a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_literature" title="Vijayanagara literature">Vijayanagara literature</a> refers the city by various names such as "Devarāyanagara" and "Kalyānapura" or "Kalyānapuri" ("auspicious city").<a href="#cite_note-bglrHist2-31">[31]</a> After the fall of the Vijayanagara Empire in 1565 CE in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Talikota" title="Battle of Talikota">Battle of Talikota</a>, Kempe Gowda declared independence. His successor, Kempe Gowda II, built four towers to mark the boundary of the town.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> In 1638 CE, a <a href="/wiki/Adil_Shahi" class="mw-redirect" title="Adil Shahi">Adil Shahi</a> army led by <a href="/wiki/Ranadulla_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranadulla Khan">Ranadulla Khan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shahaji_Bhonsle" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahaji Bhonsle">Shahaji Bhonsle</a> defeated Kempe Gowda III, and the region became a <a href="/wiki/Jagir" title="Jagir">jagir</a> (feudal estate) of Shahaji.<a href="#cite_note-ekoji-30">[30]</a> In 1639 CE, Shahaji ordered the reconstruction of the town and built large fortifications, and new reservoirs to solve the water shortage in the region.<a href="#cite_note-ekoji-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-bglrHist2-31">[31]</a> In 1687 CE, <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal</a> general Kasim Khan, under orders from <a href="/wiki/Aurangzeb" title="Aurangzeb">Aurangzeb</a>, defeated <a href="/wiki/Ekoji_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekoji I">Ekoji I</a>, the son of Shahaji, and leased the town to <a href="/wiki/Chikkadevaraja_Wodeyar" class="mw-redirect" title="Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar">Chikkadevaraja Wodeyar</a> (1673–1704 CE), the then ruler of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Kingdom of Mysore">Kingdom of Mysore</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ekoji-30">[30]</a> After the death of <a href="/wiki/Krishnaraja_Wodeyar_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Krishnaraja Wodeyar II">Krishnaraja Wodeyar II</a> in 1759 CE, <a href="/wiki/Hyder_Ali" title="Hyder Ali">Hyder Ali</a>, Commander-in-Chief of the Mysore Army, proclaimed himself the ruler of the Mysore kingdom. He built the Delhi and Mysore gates at the northern and southern ends of the city in 1760 CE.<a href="#cite_note-tt6-33">[33]</a> The kingdom later passed to Hyder Ali's son <a href="/wiki/Tipu_Sultan" title="Tipu Sultan">Tipu Sultan</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Lal_Bagh" title="Lal Bagh">Lal Bagh</a> garden was established around 1760 CE.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> During the period, the city developed into a commercial and military centre of strategic importance.<a href="#cite_note-bglrHist2-31">[31]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bangalore_palace_side_view.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Bangalore_palace_side_view.jpg/220px-Bangalore_palace_side_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Bangalore_palace_side_view.jpg/330px-Bangalore_palace_side_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Bangalore_palace_side_view.jpg/440px-Bangalore_palace_side_view.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bengaluru_Palace" title="Bengaluru Palace">Bengaluru Palace</a>, built in 1887 in <a href="/wiki/Tudor_architecture" title="Tudor architecture">Tudor architectural style</a> was modelled on <a href="/wiki/Windsor_Castle" title="Windsor Castle">Windsor Castle</a> in England.<a href="#cite_note-tt8-35">[35]</a></figcaption></figure> The Bengaluru fort was captured by <a href="/wiki/British_East_India_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="British East India Company">British forces</a> under <a href="/wiki/Charles_Cornwallis" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Cornwallis">Charles Cornwallis</a> on 21 March 1791 during the <a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Third Anglo-Mysore War">Third Anglo-Mysore War</a> and became the centre for British resistance against Tipu Sultan.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Following Tipu's death in the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Anglo-Mysore_War" title="Fourth Anglo-Mysore War">Fourth Anglo-Mysore War</a> (1799 CE), the Bengaluru pete was incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Princely_State_of_Mysore" class="mw-redirect" title="Princely State of Mysore">Princely State of Mysore</a>, whose administrative control remained with the <a href="/wiki/Maharaja_of_Mysore" title="Maharaja of Mysore">Maharaja of Mysore</a>. The city was further developed by the Maharaja of Mysore. The <a href="/wiki/Raj_Bhavan_(Karnataka)" class="mw-redirect" title="Raj Bhavan (Karnataka)">Residency of Mysore State</a>, established in <a href="/wiki/Mysore" title="Mysore">Mysore</a> in 1799 was shifted to Bengaluru in 1804.<a href="#cite_note-Raj-37">[37]</a> It was abolished in 1843 before being revived in 1881 and served till the <a href="/wiki/Independence_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence of India">Indian independence</a> in 1947.<a href="#cite_note-Raj-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-rajbha-38">[38]</a> The British found the city as an appropriate place to station its <a href="/wiki/Garrison" title="Garrison">garrison</a> and therefore it was moved in 1809 from <a href="/wiki/Seringapatam" class="mw-redirect" title="Seringapatam">Seringapatam</a> to <a href="/wiki/Ulsoor" title="Ulsoor">Ulsoor</a>, about 6 km (4 mi) northeast of the original pete. A town grew up around the surroundings by absorbing several villages in the area, and came to be known as Bengaluru cantonment. The new centre had its own municipal and administrative apparatus, though technically it was a British enclave within the territory of the princely state of <a href="/wiki/Mysore" title="Mysore">Mysore</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Further developments such as the introduction of telegraph connections to other major Indian cities in 1853 and a rail connection to <a href="/wiki/Madras" class="mw-redirect" title="Madras">Madras</a> in 1864, contributed to the economic growth of the city.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_modern_and_contemporary_history">Later modern and contemporary history</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:186px;max-width:186px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:139px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Bangalore_Pete_in_the_1890s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Bangalore_Pete_in_the_1890s.jpg/184px-Bangalore_Pete_in_the_1890s.jpg" decoding="async" width="184" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Bangalore_Pete_in_the_1890s.jpg/276px-Bangalore_Pete_in_the_1890s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Bangalore_Pete_in_the_1890s.jpg/368px-Bangalore_Pete_in_the_1890s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="566" data-file-height="430" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">A view of <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru_Pete" title="Bengaluru Pete">Bengaluru Pete</a> during the 1890s</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:139px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Bangalore_Cantonment.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Bangalore_Cantonment.jpg/200px-Bangalore_Cantonment.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Bangalore_Cantonment.jpg/300px-Bangalore_Cantonment.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Bangalore_Cantonment.jpg/400px-Bangalore_Cantonment.jpg 2x" data-file-width="795" data-file-height="555" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">A view of <a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Cantonment" title="Bangalore Cantonment">Bangalore Cantonment</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1895</div></div></div></div></div> In the late 19th century CE, Bengaluru was essentially composed of two cities, with the pete, whose residents were predominantly <a href="/wiki/Kannadiga" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannadiga">Kannadigas</a> and the cantonment created by the British, whose residents were predominantly <a href="/wiki/Tamils" title="Tamils">Tamils</a> and <a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English people</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ephemeral-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Throughout the 19th century, the Cantonment, which was known as the Civil and Military Station of Bangalore, gradually expanded and acquired a distinct cultural and political salience. It had a large military presence and a cosmopolitan civilian population that came from outside the state of Mysore.<a href="#cite_note-Ephemeral-41">[41]</a> The British developed the infrastructure of the city, widened roads, and established new settlements. The city was divided into eight wards in 1862, and was expanding. The first exclusive residential area was established in <a href="/wiki/Chamarajpet" title="Chamarajpet">Chamarajpet</a> in 1892, and a new wholesale market was established in Tharagupet in 1895.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPunekar197450-43">[43]</a> The city was hit by a <a href="/wiki/Bubonic_plague" title="Bubonic plague">plague</a> epidemic in 1898 that claimed nearly 3,500 lives. The crisis caused by the outbreak led to the improvement in sanitation facilities, and establishment of new communication lines to co-ordinate anti-plague operations. Regulations for building new houses with proper sanitation facilities came into effect, a health officer was appointed, and the city was divided into four wards for better co-ordination.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPunekar197451-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-Plague-45">[45]</a> New extensions in <a href="/wiki/Malleswaram" class="mw-redirect" title="Malleswaram">Malleswaram</a> and <a href="/wiki/Basavanagudi" title="Basavanagudi">Basavanagudi</a> were developed in the north and south of the pētē.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bangalore_(Baedeker,_1914).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Bangalore_%28Baedeker%2C_1914%29.jpg/220px-Bangalore_%28Baedeker%2C_1914%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Bangalore_%28Baedeker%2C_1914%29.jpg/330px-Bangalore_%28Baedeker%2C_1914%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Bangalore_%28Baedeker%2C_1914%29.jpg/440px-Bangalore_%28Baedeker%2C_1914%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1777" data-file-height="1524" /></a><figcaption>Map of the city and environs, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1914</figcaption></figure> In 1906, Bengaluru became one of the first cities in India to have electricity.<a href="#cite_note-Elec-47">[47]</a> In 1912, the <a href="/wiki/Bangalore_torpedo" title="Bangalore torpedo">Bangalore torpedo</a>, an offensive explosive weapon widely used in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, was devised in Bengaluru by <a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Army" title="British Indian Army">British army officer</a> Captain McClintock of the <a href="/wiki/Madras_Engineer_Group" title="Madras Engineer Group">Madras Sappers and Miners</a>.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Bengaluru's reputation as the "Garden City of India" began in 1927 with the <a href="/wiki/Silver_jubilee" title="Silver jubilee">silver jubilee</a> celebrations of the rule of <a href="/wiki/Krishnaraja_Wodeyar_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV">Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV</a>. Several projects such as the construction of parks, public buildings and hospitals were instituted to improve the city.<a href="#cite_note-Basavaraja-49">[49]</a> Bengaluru played an important role during the <a href="/wiki/Indian_independence_movement" title="Indian independence movement">Indian independence movement</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a> visited the city in 1927 and 1934 and addressed public meetings here.<a href="#cite_note-banghist-18">[18]</a> In 1926, the <a href="/wiki/1926_Binny_Mills_Strike" class="mw-redirect" title="1926 Binny Mills Strike">labour unrest</a> in <a href="/wiki/Binny_Mills" class="mw-redirect" title="Binny Mills">Binny Mills</a> due to demand by textile workers for payment of bonus resulted in <a href="/wiki/Lathi_charge" class="mw-redirect" title="Lathi charge">lathi charging</a> and police firing, resulting in the death of four workers, and several injuries.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> In July 1928, there were notable <a href="/wiki/Bangalore_disturbances" title="Bangalore disturbances">communal disturbances</a> in Bengaluru, like when a <a href="/wiki/Ganesha" title="Ganesha">Ganesh</a> idol was removed from a school compound in the Sultanpet area of Bengaluru.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> In 1940, the first flight between Bengaluru and <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a> took off, which placed the city on India's urban map.<a href="#cite_note-tt10-52">[52]</a> After India's independence in August 1947, Bengaluru remained in the newly carved <a href="/wiki/Mysore_State" title="Mysore State">Mysore State</a> of which the Maharaja of Mysore was the <a href="/wiki/Rajapramukh" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajapramukh">Rajapramukh</a> (appointed governor).<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> The "City Improvement Trust" was formed in 1945, and in 1949, the "City" and the "Cantonment" merged to form the <a href="/wiki/Bruhat_Bengaluru_Mahanagara_Palike" title="Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike">Bengaluru City Corporation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Karnataka" title="Government of Karnataka">Government of Karnataka</a> later constituted the <a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Development_Authority" title="Bangalore Development Authority">Bangalore Development Authority</a> in 1976 to coordinate the activities of these two bodies.<a href="#cite_note-lm-55">[55]</a> Public sector employment and education provided opportunities for Kannadigas from the rest of the state to migrate to the city. Bengaluru experienced rapid growth in the decades 1941–51 and 1971–81, which saw the arrival of many immigrants from northern Karnataka. By 1961, Bengaluru had become the sixth-largest city in India, with a population of 1,207,000.<a href="#cite_note-bglrHist2-31">[31]</a> In the following decades, Bengaluru's manufacturing base continued to expand with the establishment of various public and private companies.|<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPunekar197453-56">[56]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UB_City_at_night_.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/UB_City_at_night_.jpg/220px-UB_City_at_night_.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/UB_City_at_night_.jpg/330px-UB_City_at_night_.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/UB_City_at_night_.jpg/440px-UB_City_at_night_.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4048" data-file-height="3032" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of <a href="/wiki/UB_City" title="UB City">UB City</a>, a business district in Bengaluru, 2019</figcaption></figure> By the 1980s, urbanisation had spilled over the current boundaries, and in 1986, the <a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Metropolitan_Region_Development_Authority" title="Bangalore Metropolitan Region Development Authority">Bangalore Metropolitan Region Development Authority</a>, was established to co-ordinate the development of the entire region as a single unit.<a href="#cite_note-lm-55">[55]</a> On 8 February 1981, a <a href="/wiki/1981_Bangalore_circus_fire" class="mw-redirect" title="1981 Bangalore circus fire">major fire broke out</a> at Venus Circus in Bengaluru, where more than 92 people died, the majority of them children.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> Bengaluru experienced a growth in its real estate market in the 1980s and 1990s, spurred by capital investors from other parts of the country who converted Bengaluru's large plots and colonial <a href="/wiki/Bungalow" title="Bungalow">bungalows</a> into multi-storied apartments.<a href="#cite_note-realestate-58">[58]</a> Since the late 1980s, many information technology companies were set up in the city and by the end of the 20th century, Bengaluru had established itself as the <a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a> of India.<a href="#cite_note-bglrHist2-31">[31]</a> The population has increased significantly due to migration from other parts for work, and the city has become the third most populous city in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-Census_population-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-Punekar-60">[60]</a> During the 21st century, Bengaluru has had major terrorist attacks in <a href="/wiki/2008_Bangalore_serial_blasts" title="2008 Bangalore serial blasts">2008</a>, <a href="/wiki/2010_Bangalore_stadium_bombing" title="2010 Bangalore stadium bombing">2010</a>, and <a href="/wiki/2013_Bangalore_blast" class="mw-redirect" title="2013 Bangalore blast">2013</a>.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru_geography_and_environment" title="Bengaluru geography and environment">Bengaluru geography and environment</a></div> Bengaluru lies in the southeast of the <a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">South Indian</a> state of Karnataka in the heart of the <a href="/wiki/Mysore_Plateau" class="mw-redirect" title="Mysore Plateau">Mysore Plateau</a> (a region of the larger <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Plateau" title="Deccan Plateau">Deccan Plateau</a>) at an average elevation of 900 m (2,953 ft).<a href="#cite_note-IISC-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a>: 8  The city covers an area of 741 km2 (286 sq mi).<a href="#cite_note-area-66">[66]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Greater_Bangalore" title="Greater Bangalore">Bengaluru metropolitan region</a> covers an area of 7,005 km2 (2,705 sq mi) across three districts–<a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Urban_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore Urban district">Bengaluru urban</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Rural_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore Rural district">Bengaluru rural</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ramanagara_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramanagara District">Ramanagara</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Metropolitan_Region_Development_Authority" title="Bangalore Metropolitan Region Development Authority">Bangalore Metropolitan Region Development Authority</a>, established in 1985, is responsible for the planning of the metropolitan region.<a href="#cite_note-BMRDA-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> The topography is generally flat, with the highest point at <a href="/wiki/Doddabettahalli" title="Doddabettahalli">Doddabettahalli</a>, located 962 m (3,156 ft) above sea level on a ridge on the western part of the city. Towards the south, the terrain is uneven, with small hills and rocks made of <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gneiss" title="Gneiss">gneiss</a>.<a href="#cite_note-IISC-64">[64]</a> The soil in the city consist of red <a href="/wiki/Laterite" title="Laterite">laterite</a> and red, fine <a href="/wiki/Loam" title="Loam">loamy</a> to <a href="/wiki/Clay" title="Clay">clayey</a> soils.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> The vegetation in the eastern and northern parts consists of scrubs interspersed with various water bodies, and the southern hilly region consists of scrubs and forests.<a href="#cite_note-Damage-70">[70]</a> The city had a forest cover of 68.3% in the early 1970s, which reduced to less than 15% in the 2010s.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Trees are frequently felled to pave way for infrastructure development.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Though the city has been classified as a part of the seismic zone II (a stable zone), it has experienced <a href="/wiki/Earthquake" title="Earthquake">earthquakes</a> of magnitude as high as 4.5 on the <a href="/wiki/Richter_scale" title="Richter scale">Richter scale</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hydrography">Hydrography</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BangaloreLake.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/BangaloreLake.jpg/220px-BangaloreLake.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/BangaloreLake.jpg/330px-BangaloreLake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/BangaloreLake.jpg/440px-BangaloreLake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="899" data-file-height="597" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hesaraghatta_Lake" title="Hesaraghatta Lake">Hesaraghatta Lake</a> in north Bengaluru</figcaption></figure> There are no major rivers run in the city, though six rivers arise at the <a href="/wiki/Nandi_Hills,_India" title="Nandi Hills, India">Nandi Hills</a>, about 60 km (37 mi) to the north.<a href="#cite_note-IISC-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> The <a href="/wiki/River_Vrishabhavathi" class="mw-redirect" title="River Vrishabhavathi">Vrishabhavathi</a>, a tributary of <a href="/wiki/Arkavathy_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Arkavathy River">Arkavathi</a> flows through the city. Arkavathi, <a href="/wiki/Dakshina_Pinakini" class="mw-redirect" title="Dakshina Pinakini">Dakshina Pinakini</a> and its tributary Chinnar, and Suvarnamukhi rivers water the fringes of the city.<a href="#cite_note-IISC-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Most of these rivers are polluted, and depleted due to sewage from the city.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kaveri" title="Kaveri">Kaveri</a> runs towards the southwest of the city, the water from which is used to cater to majority of the water requirements of the city.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> The city has a considerable number of freshwater lakes and <a href="/wiki/Water_tank" title="Water tank">water tanks</a>, most of which are seasonal and rain-fed.<a href="#cite_note-IISC-64">[64]</a> The city had 265 lakes in the 1960s, which shrunk to 98 by the late 2010s, and most of the city's lakes are polluted.<a href="#cite_note-Damage-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> The government began revival and conservation efforts in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> Groundwater occurs in <a href="/wiki/Silt" title="Silt">silty</a> to <a href="/wiki/Sand" title="Sand">sandy</a> layers of the <a href="/wiki/Alluvial" class="mw-redirect" title="Alluvial">alluvial</a> sediments, and are extracted through open wells.<a href="#cite_note-IISC-64">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3></div> Bengaluru has a <a href="/wiki/Tropical_savanna_climate" title="Tropical savanna climate">tropical savanna climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> Aw) with distinct <a href="/wiki/Wet_season" title="Wet season">wet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dry_season" title="Dry season">dry</a> seasons. Due to its high elevation, Bengaluru usually enjoys a more moderate climate throughout the year, although occasional <a href="/wiki/Heat_wave" title="Heat wave">heat waves</a> can make summer somewhat uncomfortable.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> The dry season extends from December to February followed by the summer season from March to May. The <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoon</a> brings most of the rainfall from June to September, followed by a post-monsoon season in October and November.<a href="#cite_note-IISC-64">[64]</a> April is the hottest month with an average high of 34.1 °C (93.4 °F), and January is the coolest month with an average low temperature of 15.1 °C (59.2 °F).<a href="#cite_note-Met-85">[85]</a> The highest temperature ever recorded in Bengaluru was 39.2 °C (103 °F), recorded 24 April 2016, corresponding with <a href="/wiki/2014%E2%80%932016_El_Ni%C3%B1o_event" title="2014–2016 El Niño event">the strong El Niño</a> in that year.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> The lowest ever recorded is 7.8 °C (46 °F) in January 1884.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> Winter temperatures rarely drop below 14 °C (57 °F), and summer temperatures seldom exceed 36 °C (97 °F).<a href="#cite_note-IISC-64">[64]</a> Bengaluru receives rainfall from both the northeast and the southwest <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoons</a>, and the wettest months is September, followed by October and August.<a href="#cite_note-Met-85">[85]</a> The summer heat is moderated by fairly frequent <a href="/wiki/Thunderstorm" title="Thunderstorm">thunderstorms</a>, which occasionally cause power outages and local flooding, such as in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> Most of the rainfall occurs during the late afternoon or evening and rain before noon is infrequent.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> The heaviest rainfall recorded in a 24-hour period is 179 mm (7 in) recorded on 1 October 1997.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> <div class="center"><div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Bengaluru (1991–2020, extremes 1901–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.8 (91.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.9 (96.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">37.9 (100.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF0F00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.2 (102.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.9 (102.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1700; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.1 (100.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.3 (91.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.3 (91.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.3 (91.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.8 (91.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.0 (91.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.1 (88.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF0F00; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">39.2 (102.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.4 (83.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.9 (87.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.4 (92.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.1 (93.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.1 (91.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.7 (85.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.3 (82.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.1 (82.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.6 (83.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.5 (83.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.4 (81.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9 (80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">29.8 (85.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3 (72.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3 (75.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.8 (80.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.1 (82.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.4 (81.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.2 (77.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2 (75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.1 (75.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3 (75.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.0 (75.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8001; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.9 (73.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7 (71.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7400; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">24.6 (76.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1 (61.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.6 (63.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2 (68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1 (71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8 (71.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6 (69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.1 (68.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0 (68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0 (68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF952C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.8 (67.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3 (64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.4 (61.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">19.4 (66.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE8D1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8 (46.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.4 (48.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.1 (52.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4 (57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7 (62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.7 (62.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF5F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.1 (61.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4 (57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0 (59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.2 (55.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6 (49.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE0C2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9 (48.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D1; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">7.8 (46.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #FCFFFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6 (0.06) </td> <td style="background: #F3FFF3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1 (0.28) </td> <td style="background: #E9FFE9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.7 (0.58) </td> <td style="background: #9FFF9F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.7 (2.43) </td> <td style="background: #3FFF3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">128.7 (5.07) </td> <td style="background: #55FF55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">110.3 (4.34) </td> <td style="background: #51FF51; color:#000000;" class="notheme">116.4 (4.58) </td> <td style="background: #0CFF0C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">162.7 (6.41) </td> <td style="background: #00BD00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">208.3 (8.20) </td> <td style="background: #00E800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">186.4 (7.34) </td> <td style="background: #9BFF9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.5 (2.54) </td> <td style="background: #E8FFE8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.4 (0.61) </td> <td style="background: #76FF76; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,077.8 (42.43) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days </th> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1 </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0 </td> <td style="background: #A2A2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5 </td> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8 </td> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0 </td> <td style="background: #8181FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 </td> <td style="background: #8585FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5 </td> <td style="background: #8888FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6 </td> <td style="background: #C9C9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2 </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3 </td> <td style="background: #BDBDFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">62.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) (at 17:30 <a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>) </th> <td style="background: #6262FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41 </td> <td style="background: #8484FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32 </td> <td style="background: #9090FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29 </td> <td style="background: #7979FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35 </td> <td style="background: #4B4BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">47 </td> <td style="background: #1111FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">62 </td> <td style="background: #0606FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67 </td> <td style="background: #0A0AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64 </td> <td style="background: #0606FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #1515FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">61 </td> <td style="background: #3434FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">53 </td> <td style="background: #3838FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">52 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Dew_point" title="Dew point">dew point</a> °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13 (55) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12 (54) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13 (55) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17 (63) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19 (66) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19 (66) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19 (66) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19 (66) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19 (66) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18 (64) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17 (63) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15 (59) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">17 (62) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #E5E500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">262.3 </td> <td style="background: #E8E800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">247.6 </td> <td style="background: #E8E800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">271.4 </td> <td style="background: #E6E600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">257.0 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">241.1 </td> <td style="background: #C0C025; color:#000000;" class="notheme">136.8 </td> <td style="background: #B2B276; color:#000000;" class="notheme">111.8 </td> <td style="background: #B3B36F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">114.3 </td> <td style="background: #C3C312; color:#000000;" class="notheme">143.6 </td> <td style="background: #CECE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">173.1 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">190.2 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">211.7 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,360.9 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_index" title="Ultraviolet index">ultraviolet index</a> </th> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #E53210; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #A45693; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/India_Meteorological_Department" title="India Meteorological Department">India Meteorological Department</a><a href="#cite_note-IMDnormals-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-IMDextremes-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-IMDcityrainfall-96">[96]</a> Time and Date (dewpoints, 2005–2015)<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a> (sun: 1971–1990),<a href="#cite_note-NOAA-98">[98]</a> Tokyo Climate Center (mean temperatures 1991–2020);<a href="#cite_note-TCC1-99">[99]</a> Weather Atlas<a href="#cite_note-Weather_Atlas-100">[100]</a> March record high<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale collapsible collapsed" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Population growth</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1941</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">406,760</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1951</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">778,977</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+91.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1961</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,207,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+54.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1971</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,654,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+37.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb"> 1981</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2,922,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+76.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 1991</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,130,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+41.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2001</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">5,101,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+23.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px"> 2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">8,425,970</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+65.2%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <a href="/wiki/Census_of_India" title="Census of India">Census of India</a><a href="#cite_note-Census_population-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> As per the <a href="/wiki/2011_census_of_India" title="2011 census of India">2011 census</a>, Bengaluru had a population of 8,443,675, which made it the third <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_India_by_population" title="List of cities in India by population">most populous city</a> in India, and the largest in <a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">South India</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Census_population-59">[59]</a> The urban agglomeration was home to 8,499,399 people, and was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_million-plus_urban_agglomerations_in_India" title="List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India">fifth most populous urban agglomeration</a> in India.<a href="#cite_note-2011_Census_of_India-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-2011UA-103">[103]</a> As per a 2016 estimate, the urban agglomeration had a population of about 10.45 million.<a href="#cite_note-UNcities2016-104">[104]</a> The city was amongst the fastest growing cities in the last two decades, with the population increasing substantially due to migration from rest of the country.<a href="#cite_note-Census_population-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPunekar197460-105">[105]</a> About 13.2% of the population belonged to <a href="/wiki/Scheduled_castes" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheduled castes">scheduled castes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Scheduled_tribes" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheduled tribes">scheduled tribes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SC-106">[106]</a> Residents of Bengaluru are referred to as "Bangaloreans" in <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>,<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> Bengaloorinavaru in <a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a>,<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> and Banglori in <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> or <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> There are about 597 slums in the city, housing roughly 16% of the city's population.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> The city had a <a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">gini</a> index of 0.64, indicating significant <a href="/wiki/Economic_inequality" title="Economic inequality">inequality</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SC-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> Various studies have also indicated various inequalities in the infrastructure development across different parts of the city, and other urbanisation problems such as mass displacements, proliferation of slums, and public health crisis due to water shortage and sewage problems in poor and working-class neighbourhoods.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> In the Ease of Living Index 2020 published by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Housing_and_Urban_Affairs" title="Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs">Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs</a>, the city was ranked the most livable Indian city with a population of over a million.<a href="#cite_note-:2-115">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration_and_politics">Administration and politics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_in_Bengaluru" title="Infrastructure in Bengaluru">Infrastructure in Bengaluru</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administration">Administration</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Municipal_Offices_Building,_Bangalore.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/The_Municipal_Offices_Building%2C_Bangalore.jpg/220px-The_Municipal_Offices_Building%2C_Bangalore.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/The_Municipal_Offices_Building%2C_Bangalore.jpg/330px-The_Municipal_Offices_Building%2C_Bangalore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/The_Municipal_Offices_Building%2C_Bangalore.jpg/440px-The_Municipal_Offices_Building%2C_Bangalore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="735" data-file-height="735" /></a><figcaption>The Municipal office building, the seat of <a href="/wiki/Bruhat_Bengaluru_Mahanagara_Palike" title="Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike">Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike</a>, in the early 20th century</figcaption></figure> The city is governed by the <a href="/wiki/Bruhat_Bengaluru_Mahanagara_Palike" title="Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike">Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike</a> (BBMP, "Greater Bengaluru Municipal Corporation"). The Bangalore Municipal Board was established on 27 March 1862, with a separate board formed later to manage the cantonment area of the city. In 1881, these were organized into Bangalore city municipality and Bangalore civil and military station municipality respectively. The two municipalities were merged in 1949, into a single municipal corporation with 70 members. In 2007, BBMP was established by merging the <a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Mahanagara_Palike" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore Mahanagara Palike">Bangalore Mahanagara Palike</a>, with seven neighbouring city municipal councils, one town municipal council and 111 village panchayats around the city.<a href="#cite_note-BBMP-116">[116]</a> The Bengaluru corporation covers an area 741 km2 (286 sq mi), divided into ten zones covering <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Bengaluru" title="Administrative divisions of Bengaluru">223 wards</a>.<a href="#cite_note-History-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> The corporation is headed by a <a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">mayor</a>, elected by the <a href="/wiki/Councillors" class="mw-redirect" title="Councillors">councillors</a>, who are elected through a <a href="/wiki/Direct_election" title="Direct election">popular vote</a> by the residents.<a href="#cite_note-BBMP-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> The municipal commissioner is responsible for daily administration.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Development_Authority" title="Bangalore Development Authority">Bangalore Development Authority</a> (BDA) was established in 1976, and is the nodal agency responsible for the planning and development of the city.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> The BBMP works in conjunction with the BDA and the Agenda for Bangalore's Infrastructure and Development Task Force (ABIDe) to design and implement civic and infrastructural projects in the city.<a href="#cite_note-BBMP-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Metropolitan_Region_Development_Authority" title="Bangalore Metropolitan Region Development Authority">Bangalore Metropolitan Region Development Authority</a>, established in 1985, is responsible for the planning of the metropolitan region.<a href="#cite_note-BMRDA-67">[67]</a> As the capital of the state of Karntaka, the city houses the state executive and <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislative</a> headquarters in the <a href="/wiki/Vidhana_Soudha" title="Vidhana Soudha">Vidhana Soudha</a>,<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> state ministries at <a href="/wiki/Vikasa_Soudha" title="Vikasa Soudha">Vikasa Soudha</a>,<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> and the residence of the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Karnataka" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor of Karnataka">Governor</a> at <a href="/wiki/Raj_Bhavan,_Karnataka" class="mw-redirect" title="Raj Bhavan, Karnataka">Raj Bhavan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Law_and_order">Law and order</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:High_Court_of_Karnataka,_Bangalore_MMK.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/High_Court_of_Karnataka%2C_Bangalore_MMK.jpg/220px-High_Court_of_Karnataka%2C_Bangalore_MMK.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/High_Court_of_Karnataka%2C_Bangalore_MMK.jpg/330px-High_Court_of_Karnataka%2C_Bangalore_MMK.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/High_Court_of_Karnataka%2C_Bangalore_MMK.jpg/440px-High_Court_of_Karnataka%2C_Bangalore_MMK.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3450" data-file-height="1457" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_High_Court" title="Karnataka High Court">Karnataka High Court</a> in Bengaluru is the highest judicial body in the state.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Karnataka_High_Court" title="Karnataka High Court">Karnataka High Court</a> in Bengaluru is the highest <a href="/wiki/Judicial" class="mw-redirect" title="Judicial">judicial</a> authority in the state, and manages a series of sub-ordinate civil and criminal courts.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru_City_Police" title="Bengaluru City Police">Bengaluru City Police</a> (BCP) is the primary law enforcement agency in the city and is headed by a <a href="/wiki/Police_Commissioner_of_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Police Commissioner of Bangalore">commissioner of police</a>.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> The city is divided into eight zones, each of which is headed by an <a href="/wiki/Assistant_commissioner_(police)" class="mw-redirect" title="Assistant commissioner (police)">assistant commissioner</a>.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> There are separate crime, intelligence, and administration wings of the police.<a href="#cite_note-Org-130">[130]</a> The police also operate special and armed units.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> As of February 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bengaluru&action=edit">[update]</a>, the city police consisted of 18,308 civilian police working across 113 police stations, and 6,999 armed reserve personnel. The city had 191 cops per hundred thousand people, well below the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> standard of 673.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru_City_Traffic_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengaluru City Traffic Police">Bengaluru City Traffic Police</a> (BCTP) is responsible for the traffic management in the city.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> The traffic police operates 48 stations across three zones, each of which is headed by a joint commissioner.<a href="#cite_note-Org-130">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> As of 2021<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bengaluru&action=edit">[update]</a>, the crime rate in the city was 27.2 per hundred thousand people.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Central_Prison" title="Bangalore Central Prison">Bangalore Central Prison</a> located at Parappana Agrahara, was established in 1997, and is the major prison in the city.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vikasa_Souda_-_June_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Vikasa_Souda_-_June_2019.jpg/220px-Vikasa_Souda_-_June_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Vikasa_Souda_-_June_2019.jpg/330px-Vikasa_Souda_-_June_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Vikasa_Souda_-_June_2019.jpg/440px-Vikasa_Souda_-_June_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vikasa_Soudha" title="Vikasa Soudha">Vikasa Soudha</a> which houses multiple state ministries</figcaption></figure> The major part of the city falls under four <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">parliamentary</a> constituencies–<a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Rural_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore Rural (Lok Sabha constituency)">Bangalore Rural</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Central_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore Central (Lok Sabha constituency)">Bangalore Central</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangalore_North_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore North (Lok Sabha constituency)">Bangalore North</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bangalore_South_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore South (Lok Sabha constituency)">Bangalore South</a>.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> The city elects 28 <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Legislative_Assembly_(India)" title="Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)">MLAs</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Legislative_Assembly" title="Karnataka Legislative Assembly">Karnataka Legislative Assembly</a>.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> The politics of the city and the state have been dominated by the two national parties–<a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> (BJP). Contrary to other major South Indian cities, there are no major regional parties with a considerable influence in the region, with only <a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal_(Secular)" title="Janata Dal (Secular)">Janata Dal (Secular)</a> (JDS) having some influence.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2023_Karnataka_Legislative_Assembly_election" title="2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election">2023 Karnataka Legislative Assembly election</a>, the BJP won 15 seats, and the Congress won 13 seats in the city.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/2024_Indian_general_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 Indian general elections">2024 Indian general elections</a>, the BJP won all the four <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a> seats in the city.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> The last elections to the BBMP was held in <a href="/wiki/2015_Bruhat_Bengaluru_Mahanagara_Palike_election" title="2015 Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike election">2015</a>, in which the BJP won 100 seats, and the Congress won 76 seats. The Congress held the mayor post with the support of the JDS till 2019, after which the BJP captured power when the JDS switched its allegiance.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> In 2020, the term of the council ended, and with no elections had since been conducted till 2024, the BBMP is managed by a government appointed administrator.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Bengaluru" title="Culture of Bengaluru">Culture of Bengaluru</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnicity_and_religion">Ethnicity and religion</h3></div> <div class="notheme barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#Fcd116"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Religion in Bengaluru (2011)<a href="#cite_note-GISData-147">[147]</a></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Religion</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">Percent</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:darkorange; width:78.87%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">78.87%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:green; width:13.90%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">13.90%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:blue; width:5.61%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">5.61%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:pink; width:0.97%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.97%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background: darkkhaki; width:0.15%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.15%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:gold; width:0.06%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.06%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Others</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:black; width:0.44%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.44%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> According to the 2011 census, <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> is the major religion with 78.9% of adherents. <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a> comprisd 13.9% of the population, with <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jain" class="mw-redirect" title="Jain">Jains</a> accounting for 5.4% and 1.0% of the population, respectively.<a href="#cite_note-GISData-147">[147]</a> Muslims in the city consist of <a href="/wiki/Dakhini" class="mw-redirect" title="Dakhini">Dakhini</a> and Urdu-speaking Muslims, <a href="/wiki/Kutchi_Memon" title="Kutchi Memon">Kutchi Memons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Labbay" title="Labbay">Labbay</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mappila" class="mw-redirect" title="Mappila">Mappilas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> Christians in Bengaluru include <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholics">Roman Catholics</a> including <a href="/wiki/Tamil_Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamil Christians">Tamil Christians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mangalorean_Catholics" title="Mangalorean Catholics">Mangalorean Catholics</a>, Kannadiga Christians, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Christians" title="Saint Thomas Christians">Malayali Syrian Christians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protestants" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestants">Protestants</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations_in_Northeast_India" title="List of Christian denominations in Northeast India">Northeast Indian Christians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> Apart from the <a href="/wiki/Kannadigas" title="Kannadigas">Kannadigas</a> native to the region, <a href="/wiki/Tamils" title="Tamils">Tamils</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telugus" class="mw-redirect" title="Telugus">Telugus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deccani_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Deccani people">Deccanis</a>, form a significant population of the city.<a href="#cite_note-diverse-152">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> In the 16th century, Tamil speakers, who also spoke Kannada, settled in the region for business.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> Telugus came to the city on invitation of the Mysore royalty.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> Since the late 20th century, there has been a steady migration of people from other states for study and work.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> About 90% of the migrants came from the South Indian states, with the number of migrants from other parts of India increasing over the last few decades of the 20th century. Majority of the migration from non-South Indians states included <a href="/wiki/Maharashtrians" class="mw-redirect" title="Maharashtrians">Maharashtrians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punjabis" title="Punjabis">Punjabis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rajasthanis" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajasthanis">Rajasthanis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujaratis" class="mw-redirect" title="Gujaratis">Gujaratis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengalis" title="Bengalis">Bengalis</a>, and from <a href="/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh" title="Uttar Pradesh">Uttar Pradesh</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Punekar-60">[60]</a> Migrant communities from within the state include <a href="/wiki/Tuluvas" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuluvas">Tuluvas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Konkanis" class="mw-redirect" title="Konkanis">Konkanis</a> of coastal Karnataka, and <a href="/wiki/Kodavas" class="mw-redirect" title="Kodavas">Kodavas</a> from the state's <a href="/wiki/Kodagu_district" title="Kodagu district">Kodagu district</a>.<a href="#cite_note-diverse-152">[152]</a> The city also had an <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Indian" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Indian">Anglo-Indian</a> population of about 10,000 people in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Karaga" title="Bangalore Karaga">Bangalore Karaga</a> or "Karaga Shaktyotsava" is a festival dedicated to the Hindu goddess <a href="/wiki/Draupadi" title="Draupadi">Draupadi</a>, and celebrated annually by the <a href="/wiki/Thigala" title="Thigala">Thigala</a> community over a period of nine days in March or April.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> The Someshwara Car festival is held annually in April, when the idol of the <a href="/wiki/Halasuru_Someshwara_Temple,_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Halasuru Someshwara Temple, Bangalore">Halasuru Someshwara Temple</a> is taken for a procession on a flower chariot.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> Other <a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_India" title="List of festivals in India">popular festivals</a> include <a href="/wiki/Ugadi" title="Ugadi">Ugadi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ram_Navami" class="mw-redirect" title="Ram Navami">Ram Navami</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eid_ul-Fitr" class="mw-redirect" title="Eid ul-Fitr">Eid ul-Fitr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ganesh_Chaturthi" title="Ganesh Chaturthi">Ganesh Chaturthi</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Basilica,_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Mary's Basilica, Bangalore">St. Mary's feast</a>, <a href="/wiki/Navrati" class="mw-redirect" title="Navrati">Dasara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deepawali" class="mw-redirect" title="Deepawali">Deepawali</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3></div> <div class="notheme barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#Fcd116"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Pop. by mother tongue in Bengaluru (2011)<a href="#cite_note-language-163">[163]</a></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Language</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">Percent</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:darkslateblue; width:42.05%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">42.05%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:red; width:16.34%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">16.34%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:blue; width:13.73%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">13.73%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:green; width:13.00%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">13.00%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:orange; width:4.64%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">4.64%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Others</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:grey; width:10.24%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">10.24%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <a href="/wiki/Kannada" title="Kannada">Kannada</a> is the official language of the government.<a href="#cite_note-Kannada-164">[164]</a> As per the 2011 census, Kannada is the mother tongue of 42.1% of the city's population with 3,574,226 speakers, followed by <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> (1,388,305) <a href="/wiki/Telugu_language" title="Telugu language">Telugu</a> (1,166,338), <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a> (1,104,124), <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> (476,673), <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a> (268,780), and <a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a> (174,451). Other languages with a sizeable numbers of speakers include <a href="/wiki/Konkani_language" title="Konkani language">Konkani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marwari_language" title="Marwari language">Marwari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tulu_language" title="Tulu language">Tulu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kodava_language" title="Kodava language">Kodagu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lambadi" title="Lambadi">Lambadi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sindhi_language" title="Sindhi language">Sindhi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nepali_language" title="Nepali language">Nepali</a>.<a href="#cite_note-language-163">[163]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru_Kannada" title="Bengaluru Kannada">Bengaluru Kannada</a> is the local dialect of Kannada spoken in the region.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> is widely spoken by <a href="/wiki/White-collar_workers" class="mw-redirect" title="White-collar workers">white-collar workers</a> and is the principal business language.<a href="#cite_note-Kannada-164">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> With a diverse population speaking multiple languages, the city has often seen controversies and issues with respect to the usage of English and other vernacular languages. In 2023, the government mandated the usage of Kannada in the sign boards of all businesses, which led to protests.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> There have also been court cases, protests, and diverse public opinion on the usage of different languages in the city.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arts">Arts</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Demon_Yakshagana.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Demon_Yakshagana.jpg/130px-Demon_Yakshagana.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Demon_Yakshagana.jpg/195px-Demon_Yakshagana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Demon_Yakshagana.jpg/260px-Demon_Yakshagana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Yakshagana" title="Yakshagana">Yakshagana</a>, a theatre art of <a href="/wiki/Coastal_Karnataka" class="mw-redirect" title="Coastal Karnataka">coastal Karnataka</a>, played in the city</figcaption></figure> Bengaluru is a major centre of <a href="/wiki/Indian_classical_music" title="Indian classical music">Indian classical music</a> and dance.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> The cultural scene features a diverse set of music concerts, dance performances and plays. Performances of <a href="/wiki/Carnatic_music" title="Carnatic music">Carnatic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hindustani_classical_music" title="Hindustani classical music">Hindustani</a> music, and dance forms like <a href="/wiki/Bharat_Natyam" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharat Natyam">Bharat Natyam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuchipudi" title="Kuchipudi">Kuchipudi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kathakali" title="Kathakali">Kathakali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kathak" title="Kathak">Kathak</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Odissi" title="Odissi">Odissi</a> are popular in the city.<a href="#cite_note-bm-173">[173]</a> <a href="/wiki/Yakshagana" title="Yakshagana">Yakshagana</a>, a theatre art indigenous to coastal Karnataka is often played in town halls.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> The two main music seasons include April–May during <a href="/wiki/Rama_Navami" title="Rama Navami">Ram Navami</a>, and September–October during <a href="/wiki/Dusshera" class="mw-redirect" title="Dusshera">Dusshera</a>, when majority of the music activities are organised by various cultural organisations.<a href="#cite_note-bm-173">[173]</a> Rock music is popular in the urban parts of the city, and the city has its own subgenre of rock, "Bangalore Rock", an amalgamation of <a href="/wiki/Classic_rock" title="Classic rock">classic rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hard_rock" title="Hard rock">hard rock</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">heavy metal</a>, and some <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a>.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> The city is home to several Indian bands, and is referred to as "<a href="/wiki/Public_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Public house">Pub</a> Capital of India" and the "Rock/Metal Capital of India" because of its underground music scene.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPlunkett2001124-176">[176]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Gallery_of_Modern_Art_-_NGMA_-_Bangalore_6643.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/National_Gallery_of_Modern_Art_-_NGMA_-_Bangalore_6643.JPG/220px-National_Gallery_of_Modern_Art_-_NGMA_-_Bangalore_6643.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/National_Gallery_of_Modern_Art_-_NGMA_-_Bangalore_6643.JPG/330px-National_Gallery_of_Modern_Art_-_NGMA_-_Bangalore_6643.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/National_Gallery_of_Modern_Art_-_NGMA_-_Bangalore_6643.JPG/440px-National_Gallery_of_Modern_Art_-_NGMA_-_Bangalore_6643.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Modern_Art,_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="National Gallery of Modern Art, Bangalore">National Gallery of Modern Art</a> in Bengaluru</figcaption></figure> Several art galleries including the government-established <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Modern_Art,_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="National Gallery of Modern Art, Bangalore">National Gallery of Modern Art</a> emerged in the 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Chitrakala_Parishath" title="Karnataka Chitrakala Parishath">Karnataka Chitrakala Parishath</a> showcases a collection of painting, sculptures, and various other forms of art.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> The Indian Cartoon Gallery organised by the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Cartoonists" title="Indian Institute of Cartoonists">Indian Institute of Cartoonists</a>, conducts periodic cartoon exhibitions.<a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> "Art Bangalore" is an international <a href="/wiki/Art_festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Art festival">art festival</a>, held annually in the city since 2010.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kannada_Sahitya_Parishat" title="Kannada Sahitya Parishat">Kannada Sahitya Parishat</a> is a nonprofit organisation headquartered in Bengaluru that promotes the Kannada language and literature.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> The "Bangalore Literature Festival" is an annual literary event organised since 2012.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> <a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Rajyotsava" title="Karnataka Rajyotsava">Karnataka Rajyotsava</a>, which marks the formation of <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> state on 1 November 1956, is celebrated on the same day annually and is a public holiday in the city.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> Bengaluru is a major center of the <a href="/wiki/Kannada_film_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Kannada film industry">Kannada film industry</a>, which released 224 Kannada feature films in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> Art theatres that stages English and Kannada language plays in the city include <a href="/wiki/Chowdiah_Memorial_Hall" title="Chowdiah Memorial Hall">Chowdiah Memorial Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ranga_Shankara" title="Ranga Shankara">Ranga Shankara</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ravindra_Kalakshetra" title="Ravindra Kalakshetra">Ravindra Kalakshetra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> <a href="/wiki/British_Council" title="British Council">British Council</a>, Alliance Française de Bangalore, and Max Müller Bhavan also organise foreign language plays including those of drama companies that tour India.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3></div> Bengaluru's social and economic diversity is reflected in its cuisine.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> The city has diverse food options including South Indian, North Indian, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese food">Chinese</a>, and western fast food.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> <a href="/wiki/Udupi_cuisine" title="Udupi cuisine">Udupi cuisine</a> restaurants are popular and serve predominantly vegetarian, regional cuisine.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> The city has many <a href="/wiki/Vegan" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegan">vegan</a> restaurants, and vegan advocacy groups, and has been named as India's most vegan-friendly city by <a href="/wiki/PETA" class="mw-redirect" title="PETA">PETA</a> India.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Bengaluru" title="Economy of Bengaluru">Economy of Bengaluru</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UB_Tower_Bangalore.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/UB_Tower_Bangalore.jpg/170px-UB_Tower_Bangalore.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/UB_Tower_Bangalore.jpg/255px-UB_Tower_Bangalore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/UB_Tower_Bangalore.jpg/340px-UB_Tower_Bangalore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="4050" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/UB_City" title="UB City">UB Tower</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru_Central_Business_District" title="Bengaluru Central Business District">Bengaluru Central Business District</a></figcaption></figure> Bengaluru is one of the fastest-growing metropolises in India.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> As of 2023<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bengaluru&action=edit">[update]</a>, Bengaluru metropolitan area had an estimated <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> of $359.9 billion,<a href="#cite_note-C40-7">[7]</a> ranking it among the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_GDP" title="List of cities by GDP">most productive metro areas</a> in India.<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Globalization_and_World_Cities_Research_Network" title="Globalization and World Cities Research Network">Globalization and World Cities Research Network</a>, Bengaluru is amongst the most integrated with the global economy, classified as an <a href="/wiki/Global_city" title="Global city">alpha-city</a>.<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> The city contributes to nearly one-third of the state GSDP, and has a diversified industrial base dependent on <a href="/wiki/Service_economy" title="Service economy">services</a> (39.5% contribution to GDP), manufacturing (36%), and <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a> (2.3%).<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-Economy-203">[203]</a> Bengaluru has the country's fourth largest <a href="/wiki/Fast-moving_consumer_goods" title="Fast-moving consumer goods">fast-moving consumer goods</a> market.<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> The city also has the third highest number of <a href="/wiki/High-net-worth_individual" title="High-net-worth individual">high-net-worth individuals</a> in India.<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> Major industrial sectors include <a href="/wiki/Information_technology" title="Information technology">information technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Automobiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobiles">automobiles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aerospace" title="Aerospace">aerospace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Textiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Textiles">textiles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heavy_machinery" class="mw-redirect" title="Heavy machinery">heavy machinery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology">biotechnology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electronics" title="Electronics">electronics</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Communication" title="Communication">communication</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Food_processing" title="Food processing">food processing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> The industrial clusters are spread across the city and its suburbs.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> As of 2016<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bengaluru&action=edit">[update]</a>, the city had more than 75,000 industries including more than 2,000 information technology companies.<a href="#cite_note-Economy-203">[203]</a> It hosted 87 <a href="/wiki/Fortune_500" title="Fortune 500">Fortune 500</a> companies, the fifth highest number amongst the cities in India.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:World_Trade_Center_Banglore_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/World_Trade_Center_Banglore_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-World_Trade_Center_Banglore_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/World_Trade_Center_Banglore_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-World_Trade_Center_Banglore_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/World_Trade_Center_Banglore_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-World_Trade_Center_Banglore_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="2405" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="World Trade Center Bangalore">World Trade Center</a> at Bengaluru</figcaption></figure> Bengaluru is a major center for information technology (IT), and is consistently ranked amongst the world's fastest growing technology hubs. <a href="#cite_note-ETIT-210">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> It is widely regarded as the "<a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a> of India", as the largest IT hub of the country.<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> The IT export from the city is estimated to be valued at $64 billion in 2024, and the city contributes to more than one third of India's total IT exports.<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a> The IT industry in the city is divided into various business clusters and <a href="/wiki/Special_economic_zones" class="mw-redirect" title="Special economic zones">special economic zones</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Electronic_City" title="Electronic City">Electronic City</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Tech_Park,_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="International Tech Park, Bangalore">International Tech Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Software_Technology_Parks_of_India" title="Software Technology Parks of India">Software Technology Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bagmane_Tech_Park" title="Bagmane Tech Park">Bagmane Tech Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Global_Village_Tech_Park" title="Global Village Tech Park">Global Village Tech Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="World Trade Center Bangalore">World Trade Center</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Manyata_Embassy_Business_Park" title="Manyata Embassy Business Park">Manyata Embassy Business Park</a> amongst others.<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> The growth of IT industry has resulted in the migration of people from all over the country, which has resulted in the demand for improvement in the city's infrastructure and presented the city with other challenges.<a href="#cite_note-ETIT-210">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> The industry has been blamed for not favouring local employment development, increased land values, and closure of small enterprises.<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a> The resistance from the city for further investments required to develop infrastructure, has forced some of the new and expanding businesses elsewhere.<a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vande_Bharat_sleeper_trainset_prototype_at_BEML.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Vande_Bharat_sleeper_trainset_prototype_at_BEML.jpeg/220px-Vande_Bharat_sleeper_trainset_prototype_at_BEML.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Vande_Bharat_sleeper_trainset_prototype_at_BEML.jpeg/330px-Vande_Bharat_sleeper_trainset_prototype_at_BEML.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Vande_Bharat_sleeper_trainset_prototype_at_BEML.jpeg/440px-Vande_Bharat_sleeper_trainset_prototype_at_BEML.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>A train set manufactured at <a href="/wiki/BEML" title="BEML">BEML</a></figcaption></figure> Bengaluru is also a major hub for Indian biotechnology-related industry, which was valued at nearly $25 billion in 2021–22.<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> The city is home to more than 40 biotech companies, and is termed as the "Biotech capital of India".<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a> The city is a major export center for agricultural produce including <a href="/wiki/Fruits" class="mw-redirect" title="Fruits">fruits</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Poultry" title="Poultry">poultry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> Major crops include <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">maize</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finger_millet" title="Finger millet">ragi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horse_gram" class="mw-redirect" title="Horse gram">horse gram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oil_seeds" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil seeds">oil seeds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coconuts" class="mw-redirect" title="Coconuts">coconuts</a>, and fruits such as <a href="/wiki/Mango" title="Mango">mango</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papaya" title="Papaya">papaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banana" title="Banana">banana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grapes" class="mw-redirect" title="Grapes">grapes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pomegranate" title="Pomegranate">pomegranate</a>. Flowers such as <a href="/wiki/Roses" class="mw-redirect" title="Roses">roses</a> are grown commercially.<a href="#cite_note-Economy-203">[203]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Rail_Wheel_Factory" title="Rail Wheel Factory">Rail Wheel Factory</a> at Yelahanka is a major supplier of wheels and axles for <a href="/wiki/Indian_Railways" title="Indian Railways">Indian Railways</a>.<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> State owned corporations <a href="/wiki/BEML" title="BEML">BEML</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bharat_Electronics" title="Bharat Electronics">Bharat Electronics</a> are headquartered in the city, and manufacture aerospace components, power equipment, trainsets, armored vehicles, and electronics for both civilian and defence requirements.<a href="#cite_note-Economy-203">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water_supply">Water supply</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cauvery_Kaveri_River_Karnataka_India_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Cauvery_Kaveri_River_Karnataka_India_%282%29.jpg/220px-Cauvery_Kaveri_River_Karnataka_India_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Cauvery_Kaveri_River_Karnataka_India_%282%29.jpg/330px-Cauvery_Kaveri_River_Karnataka_India_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Cauvery_Kaveri_River_Karnataka_India_%282%29.jpg/440px-Cauvery_Kaveri_River_Karnataka_India_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1840" /></a><figcaption>The city draws majority of the water requirement from the <a href="/wiki/Kaveri_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaveri River">Kaveri River</a>.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Water_supply" title="Water supply">Water supply</a> is provided by the <a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Water_Supply_and_Sewerage_Board" title="Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board">Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board</a> (BWSSB), which was established in 1964.<a href="#cite_note-BWSSB-228">[228]</a> The city receives an average of 800 million liters of water per day from rainfall.<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a> In the 16th century, Kempe Gowda constructed lakes such as the Kempambudhi Kere to store the rain water.<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> As of 2021<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bengaluru&action=edit">[update]</a>, the city had a daily water demand of 2100 million liters, of which 1,450 million liters is catered to by the corporation. While the city drew water from the <a href="/wiki/Arkavathy_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Arkavathy River">Arkavathy River</a> earlier, the increasing demands led to the establishment of the Cauvery water supply scheme in 1964. Majority of the water supply to the city is drawn from the <a href="/wiki/Kaveri" title="Kaveri">Kaveri</a>, with the amount of water drawn increasing from 135 million liters in 1974 to 1,450 million liters per day in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-Water-231">[231]</a> A 2015 report indicated that one-third of the <a href="/wiki/Slum_clearance_in_India" title="Slum clearance in India">slum clearance</a> projects lacked basic water service connections, 60% of slum dwellers lacked complete water supply lines and used a shared water supply.<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> The city does face water shortages, especially during summer and in years with low rainfall.<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Waste_management_and_pollution">Waste management and pollution</h3></div> Waste collection and management is done by the city corporation. Pollution regulation and issuance of waste management guidelines is carried out by the <a href="/wiki/Karnataka_State_Pollution_Control_Board" title="Karnataka State Pollution Control Board">Karnataka State Pollution Control Board</a> (KSPCB), which comes under the aegis of <a href="/wiki/Central_Pollution_Control_Board" title="Central Pollution Control Board">Central Pollution Control Board</a> (CPCB), and is headquartered in the city.<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> As of 2022, Bengaluru produced around 6000 <a href="/wiki/Metric_tonnes" class="mw-redirect" title="Metric tonnes">metric tonnes</a> of <a href="/wiki/Waste" title="Waste">solid waste</a> per day.<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a> The wastes are segregated, compacted, and transported to any of the three garbage processing plants in Bingipura, <a href="/wiki/Mavallipura" title="Mavallipura">Mavallipura</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Kudlu" title="Kudlu">Kudlu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> As per a 2024 study, the three garbage processing plants were found to be violating environmental regulations, and emitted high levels of <a href="/wiki/Particulate_matter" class="mw-redirect" title="Particulate matter">particulate matter</a>, causing damage to the local environment and increasing the pollution levels of the city.<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a> As of 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bengaluru&action=edit">[update]</a>, the corporation operated seven wet waste processing plants, 13 bio <a href="/wiki/Methane" title="Methane">methane</a> generation plants, and a land fill.<a href="#cite_note-SWM-239">[239]</a> The corporation earlier operated three more landfill sites at <a href="/wiki/Mavallipura" title="Mavallipura">Mavallipura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mandur" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandur">Mandur</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Doddaballapura" title="Doddaballapura">Doddaballapura</a>, which were closed after complaints from local residents, and reports of diseases due to unsanitary conditions.<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> In 2024, the government identified four new locations for the construction of new landfill sites.<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a> As part of the waste management guidelines, the government of Karnataka has authorised specific companies to manage <a href="/wiki/Biomedical_waste" title="Biomedical waste">biomedical</a> and <a href="/wiki/E-waste" class="mw-redirect" title="E-waste">e-wastes</a> in the city.<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a> However, a report in October 2024 indicated that some of these companies were not disposing of the wastes in the prescribed manner, and are involved in re-selling.<a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a> The city has considerable pollution due to vehicle and industrial exhausts, and unscientific waste disposal.<a href="#cite_note-Air-244">[244]</a><a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a> The pollution level varies across localities, with higher concentrations of <a href="/wiki/Particulate_matter" class="mw-redirect" title="Particulate matter">particulate matter</a> reported in industrial and high traffic zones. A <a href="/wiki/Random_sample" class="mw-redirect" title="Random sample">random sampling</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Air_quality_index" title="Air quality index">air quality index</a> (AQI) of twenty stations within the city suggested heavy to severe air pollution around areas of high traffic.<a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a> While the average air quality was at acceptable levels, the <a href="/wiki/PM_2.5" class="mw-redirect" title="PM 2.5">PM 2.5</a> levels exceeded the 60 μg/m3 threshold set by the CPCB in certain areas.<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a> A evaluation of Bengaluru's physical, biological and socioeconomic parameters indicated that the city's air quality and <a href="/wiki/Noise_pollution" title="Noise pollution">noise pollution</a> were poor.<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Power">Power</h3></div> In 1905, Bengaluru was among the first cities to have electric power.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPunekar197454-249">[249]</a> The city was powered by <a href="/wiki/Hydro_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydro power">hydro power</a> generated by the <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectric" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroelectric">hydroelectric</a> plant in <a href="/wiki/Shivanasamudra" class="mw-redirect" title="Shivanasamudra">Shivanasamudra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Elec-47">[47]</a> Electricity in the city is regulated through the <a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Electricity_Supply_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore Electricity Supply Company">Bangalore Electricity Supply Company</a> (BESCOM).<a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a> The power consumption has steadily increased over the last decade and in 2022–23, the city had a peak demand of 3,632 <a href="/wiki/Megawatt" class="mw-redirect" title="Megawatt">MW</a>.<a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a><a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a> As of March 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bengaluru&action=edit">[update]</a>, the city had a daily power requirement of about 157 million <a href="/wiki/KWh" class="mw-redirect" title="KWh">kWh</a>, and consumed nearly 40% of the power in the state.<a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a> The city draws power from the state grid, which receives power from a mixture of <a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuels" class="mw-redirect" title="Fossil fuels">fossil fuels</a> and <a href="/wiki/Renewable_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable power">renewable</a> sources.<a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a> In 2024, BESCOM initiated the process of moving overhead lines to underground in the city.<a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health_and_sanitation">Health and sanitation</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Victoria_Hospital-_circa_March_2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Victoria_Hospital-_circa_March_2005.jpg/220px-Victoria_Hospital-_circa_March_2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Victoria_Hospital-_circa_March_2005.jpg/330px-Victoria_Hospital-_circa_March_2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Victoria_Hospital-_circa_March_2005.jpg/440px-Victoria_Hospital-_circa_March_2005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Hospital_(Bangalore_Medical_College)" title="Victoria Hospital (Bangalore Medical College)">Victoria Hospital</a> opened in 1900.</figcaption></figure> In the early 19th century, healthcare services were provided by local physicians. In 1834, English doctors were appointed, to take care of <a href="/wiki/Vaccination" title="Vaccination">vaccination</a>, and control the spread of <a href="/wiki/Epidemics" class="mw-redirect" title="Epidemics">epidemics</a>. The first public clinic was established in Bangalore Fort in 1835, and a small hospital was added in 1839 in Pete area. In 1846, a large hospital was opened, with a <a href="/wiki/Leper_colony" title="Leper colony">leper colony</a> added in 1845, and a <a href="/wiki/Mental_hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Mental hospital">mental hospital</a> in 1850.<a href="#cite_note-Cubbon-256">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPunekar197455-257">[257]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Hospital_(Bangalore_Medical_College)" title="Victoria Hospital (Bangalore Medical College)">Victoria Hospital</a> was inaugurated in 1900.<a href="#cite_note-Plague-45">[45]</a> As of 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bengaluru&action=edit">[update]</a>, the Bengaluru corporation managed one major general hospital, six referral hospitals, 26 maternity homes, and 230 outpatient clinics.<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a> There are many private clinics, and tertiary care hospitals in the city.<a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a> The city has been growing as a center of <a href="/wiki/Medical_tourism" title="Medical tourism">medical tourism</a> due to the availability of more than 50 tertiary care hospitals.<a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a> Vaccination such as <a href="/wiki/Polio_vaccine" title="Polio vaccine">polio vaccine</a> is administered by the corporation on behalf of the government.<a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sanitation" title="Sanitation">Sanitation</a> facilities are provided by the Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board.<a href="#cite_note-BWSSB-228">[228]</a> The underground drainage and sewerage disposal system was introduced in 1922. As of 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bengaluru&action=edit">[update]</a>, about 1,400 million liters of waste water is generated daily, which flows through a network of nearly 8,387 km (5,211 mi) of sewage pipes to any of the 33 sewage treatment plants.<a href="#cite_note-Water-231">[231]</a> Encroachment, and damages to the sewerage system, has resulted in wastewater entering the lakes, and polluting the water sources.<a href="#cite_note-Water-231">[231]</a><a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a> As of 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bengaluru&action=edit">[update]</a>, the corporation operated 401 <a href="/wiki/Public_toilet" title="Public toilet">public toilets</a> and 17 community toilets across the city.<a href="#cite_note-SWM-239">[239]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Communication">Communication</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Post_Office_5-31-2008_4-45-37_PM.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/General_Post_Office_5-31-2008_4-45-37_PM.JPG/220px-General_Post_Office_5-31-2008_4-45-37_PM.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/General_Post_Office_5-31-2008_4-45-37_PM.JPG/330px-General_Post_Office_5-31-2008_4-45-37_PM.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/General_Post_Office_5-31-2008_4-45-37_PM.JPG/440px-General_Post_Office_5-31-2008_4-45-37_PM.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Bengaluru General Post Office was established in 1800.</figcaption></figure> The first post office in the city was established in 1800.<a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a> Postal services are provided by the government owned <a href="/wiki/India_Post" title="India Post">India Post</a>, which operated 247 post offices across four zones in 2024.<a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a><a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a> In 1853, <a href="/wiki/Telegraph" class="mw-redirect" title="Telegraph">telegraph</a> was introduced for long-distance communication and about 538 km (334 mi) of telegraph lines existed in the city by 1856.<a href="#cite_note-Cubbon-256">[256]</a> <a href="/wiki/Telephone" title="Telephone">Telephone</a> services were introduced in 1928.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPunekar197454-249">[249]</a> In the early 1990s, <a href="/wiki/STPI" class="mw-redirect" title="STPI">STPI</a> provided wired <a href="/wiki/Internet_service_provider" title="Internet service provider">internet services</a> for offices, and <a href="/wiki/VSNL" class="mw-redirect" title="VSNL">VSNL</a> started providing <a href="/wiki/Dial_up" class="mw-redirect" title="Dial up">dial up</a> connections for individual homes in the city.<a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a><a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a> Bengaluru has a high internet usage and is amongst the top cities in India in terms of internet penetration.<a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a> Bengaluru was the first city in India to have access to <a href="/wiki/4G" title="4G">fourth generation</a> <a href="/wiki/Cellular_communication_networks" class="mw-redirect" title="Cellular communication networks">cellular</a> services.<a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a> As of 2023<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bengaluru&action=edit">[update]</a>, four mobile phone service companies operate <a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> networks including <a href="/wiki/Bharti_Airtel" title="Bharti Airtel">Bharti Airtel</a>, <a href="/wiki/BSNL" title="BSNL">BSNL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vodafone_Idea" title="Vodafone Idea">Vodafone Idea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reliance_Jio" class="mw-redirect" title="Reliance Jio">Reliance Jio</a> offered fourth and <a href="/wiki/5G" title="5G">fifth generation</a> mobile services. Wired broadband services are offered by five major operators and smaller local operators.<a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a> Namma Wifi is a free <a href="/wiki/Municipal_wireless_network" title="Municipal wireless network">municipal wireless network</a> launched on 24 January 2014 by the Government of Karnataka, and is available in select areas in the city.<a href="#cite_note-272">[272]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3></div> The first <a href="/wiki/Printing_press" title="Printing press">printing press</a> in Bengaluru was established in 1840  by the <a href="/wiki/Wesleyan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wesleyan">Wesleyan</a> Christian Mission.<a href="#cite_note-273">[273]</a><a href="#cite_note-274">[274]</a> Around 1860, the English newspaper Bangalore Herald and Kannada newspaper Mysore Vrittanta Bodhini started circulation in Bengaluru.<a href="#cite_note-Cubbon-256">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPunekar197454-249">[249]</a> P. R. Ramayya established the Bangalore Press in 1927 and launched the Kannada newspaper Tayi Nadu and English newspaper Daily News later.<a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a> Bengaluru has several newspapers and magazines published in various languages including Kannada, English, Urdu, and Tamil.<a href="#cite_note-276">[276]</a> As of 2022<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bengaluru&action=edit">[update]</a>, the major dailies with a circulation of more than 100,000 copies per day include <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vijaya_Karnataka" title="Vijaya Karnataka">Vijaya Karnataka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prajavani" title="Prajavani">Prajavani</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vijayavani" title="Vijayavani">Vijayavani</a>.<a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a> Several local newspapers, and periodicals also bring out editions from the city.<a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a> Local online news sites like <a href="/wiki/Explocity" title="Explocity">Explocity</a> provide local news updates.<a href="#cite_note-279">[279]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_view_of_a_TV_Tower_in_Bangalore_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Aerial_view_of_a_TV_Tower_in_Bangalore_%282%29.jpg/220px-Aerial_view_of_a_TV_Tower_in_Bangalore_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Aerial_view_of_a_TV_Tower_in_Bangalore_%282%29.jpg/330px-Aerial_view_of_a_TV_Tower_in_Bangalore_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Aerial_view_of_a_TV_Tower_in_Bangalore_%282%29.jpg/440px-Aerial_view_of_a_TV_Tower_in_Bangalore_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>A 140 m (460 ft) high television tower was commissioned in 1985.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/All_India_Radio" title="All India Radio">All India Radio</a> started <a href="/wiki/Amplitude_modulation" title="Amplitude modulation">AM</a> broadcasting from its Bengaluru station on 2 November 1955.<a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a> In 2001, <a href="/wiki/Radio_City_(Indian_radio_station)" title="Radio City (Indian radio station)">Radio City</a> became the first private <a href="/wiki/Frequency_modulation" title="Frequency modulation">FM</a> radio channel in the city.<a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a> As of 2020<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bengaluru&action=edit">[update]</a>, major FM radio stations included <a href="/wiki/BIG_FM_92.7" class="mw-redirect" title="BIG FM 92.7">BIG FM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radio_Mirchi" title="Radio Mirchi">Radio Mirchi</a>, Radio City, and <a href="/wiki/Red_FM_(India)" title="Red FM (India)">Red FM</a>.<a href="#cite_note-282">[282]</a><a href="#cite_note-283">[283]</a> The Bangalore Amateur Radio Club, an <a href="/wiki/Amateur_radio" title="Amateur radio">amateur radio</a> club was established in 1959.<a href="#cite_note-284">[284]</a><a href="#cite_note-285">[285]</a> The government run <a href="/wiki/Doordarshan" title="Doordarshan">Doordarshan</a> broadcasts terrestrial and <a href="/wiki/Satellite_television" title="Satellite television">satellite television</a> channels from its Bengaluru centre set up on 1 November 1981. A production centre was established in the Doordarshan's Bengaluru office in 1983, thereby allowing the introduction of a news program in Kannada on 19 November 1983.<a href="#cite_note-DD-286">[286]</a> A 140 m (460 ft) high television tower was commissioned on 1 March 1985 for the broadcast of television programmes.<a href="#cite_note-287">[287]</a> Doordarshan launched <a href="/wiki/DD_Chandana" title="DD Chandana">DD Chandana</a>, a Kannada satellite channel, on 15 August 1990.<a href="#cite_note-DD-286">[286]</a><a href="#cite_note-288">[288]</a> In September 1991, <a href="/wiki/STAR_TV_(Asia)" class="mw-redirect" title="STAR TV (Asia)">Star TV</a> was the first private satellite channel to be launched in the city.<a href="#cite_note-289">[289]</a> Since the late 2000s, <a href="/wiki/Direct_To_Home" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct To Home">Direct To Home</a> (DTH) services became available in Bengaluru.<a href="#cite_note-290">[290]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fire_and_rescue">Fire and rescue</h3></div> Fire services are handled by the <a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Fire_and_Emergency_Services" title="Karnataka Fire and Emergency Services">Karnataka Fire and Emergency Services</a>, which operates 50 fire stations, five fire protection squads, and three special units.<a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Bengaluru" title="Transport in Bengaluru">Transport in Bengaluru</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bengaluru-airport.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Bengaluru-airport.jpg/220px-Bengaluru-airport.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Bengaluru-airport.jpg/330px-Bengaluru-airport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Bengaluru-airport.jpg/440px-Bengaluru-airport.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1707" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kempegowda_International_Airport" title="Kempegowda International Airport">Kempegowda International Airport</a> at <a href="/wiki/Devanahalli" title="Devanahalli">Devanahalli</a></figcaption></figure> During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walchand_Hirachand" title="Walchand Hirachand">Walchand Hirachand</a> sought to build and repair planes in India, and partnered with American businessman <a href="/wiki/William_Pawley" class="mw-redirect" title="William Pawley">William Pawley</a> to set up an airfield in Bengaluru. The <a href="/wiki/HAL_Airport" title="HAL Airport">HAL Airport</a> began operations in 1941 as a part of <a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Aeronautics_Limited" title="Hindustan Aeronautics Limited">Hindustan Aircraft Limited</a>.<a href="#cite_note-292">[292]</a><a href="#cite_note-293">[293]</a> The HAL airport was the major airport of the city till 2008, when the new <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengaluru International Airport">Bengaluru International Airport</a> came into existence.<a href="#cite_note-294">[294]</a><a href="#cite_note-295">[295]</a><a href="#cite_note-296">[296]</a> The Kempegowda International Airport, located at <a href="/wiki/Devanahalli" title="Devanahalli">Devanahalli</a>, about 31 km (19 mi) from the city, started operations on 24 May 2008.<a href="#cite_note-297">[297]</a> It is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_busiest_airports_in_India" title="List of busiest airports in India">third-busiest</a> airport in India in terms of passenger traffic.<a href="#cite_note-298">[298]</a><a href="#cite_note-299">[299]</a> Air-conditioned buses operated by <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru_Metropolitan_Transport_Corporation" title="Bengaluru Metropolitan Transport Corporation">Bengaluru Metropolitan Transport Corporation</a> connect the airport with the city.<a href="#cite_note-300">[300]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Training_Command_(India)" title="Training Command (India)">Training Command</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Indian Air Force</a> is headquartered in Bengaluru.<a href="#cite_note-301">[301]</a> The Air Force operates an air base at <a href="/wiki/Yelahanka_Air_Force_Station" title="Yelahanka Air Force Station">Yelahanka</a>.<a href="#cite_note-302">[302]</a> The city hosts <a href="/wiki/Aero_India" title="Aero India">Aero India</a>, a biennial air show takes at the Yelahanka air force station.<a href="#cite_note-303">[303]</a><a href="#cite_note-304">[304]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rail">Rail</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Namma_Metro_Trains_of_Bangalore.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Namma_Metro_Trains_of_Bangalore.jpg/220px-Namma_Metro_Trains_of_Bangalore.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Namma_Metro_Trains_of_Bangalore.jpg/330px-Namma_Metro_Trains_of_Bangalore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Namma_Metro_Trains_of_Bangalore.jpg/440px-Namma_Metro_Trains_of_Bangalore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="691" data-file-height="345" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Namma_Metro" title="Namma Metro">Namma Metro</a> serves the city.</figcaption></figure> The first railway line opened for traffic between <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru_Cantonment_railway_station" title="Bengaluru Cantonment railway station">Bengaluru Cantonment</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jolarpettai_Junction_railway_station" title="Jolarpettai Junction railway station">Jolarpettai</a> on 1 August 1864.<a href="#cite_note-Rail-305">[305]</a><a href="#cite_note-306">[306]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Chennai_Mail" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore Chennai Mail">Madras-Bangalore Mail</a> was launched later the same year. Further railway connectivity to <a href="/wiki/Renigunta_Junction_railway_station" title="Renigunta Junction railway station">Renigunta</a> was established in 1862, and to <a href="/wiki/Raichur_Junction_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Raichur Junction railway station">Raichur</a> in 1871. The <a href="/wiki/Yesvantpur_Junction_railway_station" title="Yesvantpur Junction railway station">Yeshwantapur station</a> was established in 1892, when a meter gauge railway line was established to <a href="/wiki/Doddaballapur" class="mw-redirect" title="Doddaballapur">Doddaballapur</a>. The city was part of the <a href="/wiki/Mysore_State_Railway" title="Mysore State Railway">Mysore State Railway</a>, which became part of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Railway_zone" title="Southern Railway zone">Southern Railway zone</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Railways" title="Indian Railways">Indian Railways</a> in April 1951. The <a href="/wiki/Bangalore_railway_division" title="Bangalore railway division">Bangalore railway division</a> was established in 1971.<a href="#cite_note-Rail-305">[305]</a> The city became part of the <a href="/wiki/South_Western_Railway_zone" title="South Western Railway zone">South Western Railway zone</a> was formed with headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Shree_Siddharoodha_Swamiji_Hubballi_Junction_railway_station" title="Shree Siddharoodha Swamiji Hubballi Junction railway station">Hubballi</a> in 2003.<a href="#cite_note-307">[307]</a> There are 18 railway stations in the city managed by the Indian Railways, and the major railway stations include <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru_City_railway_station" title="Bengaluru City railway station">Bengaluru City</a>, Yesvantpur, Cantonment, <a href="/wiki/Krishnarajapuram_railway_station" title="Krishnarajapuram railway station">Krishnarajapuram</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sir_M._Visvesvaraya_Terminal" title="Sir M. Visvesvaraya Terminal">Baiyappanahalli</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Economy-203">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-308">[308]</a><a href="#cite_note-309">[309]</a> As of 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bengaluru&action=edit">[update]</a>, Bengaluru does not have a suburban railway network. The first line of <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru_Suburban_Railway" title="Bengaluru Suburban Railway">Bengaluru Suburban Railway</a> is expected to be operational in 2026.<a href="#cite_note-310">[310]</a> <a href="/wiki/Namma_Metro" title="Namma Metro">Namma Metro</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">rapid transit</a> rail system in the city that was opened in 2011, and was the first operational metro in <a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">South India</a>.<a href="#cite_note-311">[311]</a><a href="#cite_note-312">[312]</a> As of 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bengaluru&action=edit">[update]</a>, the metro system consists two operational lines stretching 76.95 km (47.81 mi), and is the <a href="/wiki/Urban_rail_transit_in_India#List_of_systems" title="Urban rail transit in India">second-longest</a> operational metro network in India.<a href="#cite_note-313">[313]</a><a href="#cite_note-314">[314]</a> Three more lines are under construction as a part of expansion.<a href="#cite_note-315">[315]</a><a href="#cite_note-316">[316]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road">Road</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Puttenahalli-Underpass-ORR-JPNagar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Puttenahalli-Underpass-ORR-JPNagar.jpg/220px-Puttenahalli-Underpass-ORR-JPNagar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Puttenahalli-Underpass-ORR-JPNagar.jpg/330px-Puttenahalli-Underpass-ORR-JPNagar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Puttenahalli-Underpass-ORR-JPNagar.jpg/440px-Puttenahalli-Underpass-ORR-JPNagar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1546" data-file-height="1029" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Outer_Ring_Road,_Bengaluru" title="Outer Ring Road, Bengaluru">Outer Ring Road</a>, one of the peripheral ring roads in the city</figcaption></figure> Bengaluru has an extensive road network with about 14,000 km (8,700 mi) of roads as of 2024.<a href="#cite_note-317">[317]</a> The 10 km (6.2 mi) long <a href="/wiki/Inner_Ring_Road,_Bengaluru" title="Inner Ring Road, Bengaluru">Inner Ring Road</a> connects <a href="/wiki/Koramangala" title="Koramangala">Koramangala</a> with <a href="/wiki/Indiranagar,_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Indiranagar, Bangalore">Indira Nagar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-318">[318]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Outer_Ring_Road,_Bengaluru" title="Outer Ring Road, Bengaluru">Outer Ring Road</a> is a 60 km (37 mi) long peripheral road, developed between 1996 and 2002.<a href="#cite_note-319">[319]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Peripheral_Ring_Road" title="Peripheral Ring Road">Peripheral Ring Road</a> is a proposed 74 km (46 mi) semi-circular road, connecting major arterial roads.<a href="#cite_note-320">[320]</a> The <a href="/wiki/M_G_Road,_Bengaluru" title="M G Road, Bengaluru">M G Road</a> is the major arterial road in the <a href="/wiki/Bangalore_central_business_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore central business district">central business district</a>.<a href="#cite_note-321">[321]</a><a href="#cite_note-322">[322]</a> Bengaluru is part of the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Quadrilateral" title="Golden Quadrilateral">Golden Quadrilateral</a> highway network, and lies on the Chennai–Mumbai line.<a href="#cite_note-323">[323]</a> The <a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Highways_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Highways in India">National Highways</a> that connect to the city include: <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_44_(India)" title="National Highway 44 (India)">NH-44</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_48_(India)" title="National Highway 48 (India)">NH-48</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_275_(India)" title="National Highway 275 (India)">NH-275</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_75_(India)" title="National Highway 75 (India)">NH-75</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_648_(India)" title="National Highway 648 (India)">NH-648</a>, and <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_948_(India)" title="National Highway 948 (India)">NH-948</a>.<a href="#cite_note-324">[324]</a><a href="#cite_note-325">[325]</a> The <a href="/wiki/National_Highway_275_(India)#Bengaluru-Mysuru_section" title="National Highway 275 (India)">Bengaluru–Mysuru Expressway</a>, operational since March 2023, connects the city with Mysuru.<a href="#cite_note-326">[326]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru%E2%80%93Chennai_Expressway" title="Bengaluru–Chennai Expressway">Bengaluru–Chennai Expressway</a> is under construction since August 2019.<a href="#cite_note-327">[327]</a><a href="#cite_note-328">[328]</a> Two other expressways—<a href="/wiki/Pune%E2%80%93Bengaluru_Expressway" title="Pune–Bengaluru Expressway">Pune–Bengaluru Expressway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nagpur%E2%80%93Hyderabad%E2%80%93Bengaluru_Expressway" title="Nagpur–Hyderabad–Bengaluru Expressway">Nagpur–Hyderabad–Bengaluru Expressway</a>—have been proposed.<a href="#cite_note-329">[329]</a><a href="#cite_note-330">[330]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BMTC_Volvo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BMTC_Volvo.jpg/220px-BMTC_Volvo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BMTC_Volvo.jpg/330px-BMTC_Volvo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/BMTC_Volvo.jpg/440px-BMTC_Volvo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2783" data-file-height="1636" /></a><figcaption>Air-conditioned buses were introduced in 2005.</figcaption></figure> Intra-city <a href="/wiki/Public_transport" title="Public transport">bus services</a> is handled by the <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru_Metropolitan_Transport_Corporation" title="Bengaluru Metropolitan Transport Corporation">Bengaluru Metropolitan Transport Corporation</a> (BMTC), which was established in 1997.<a href="#cite_note-331">[331]</a> As of 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bengaluru&action=edit">[update]</a>, BMTC operates 57,667 daily trips on 5,766 routes with a fleet of 6,340 buses. There are 48 bus stations, and 50 depots for intra-city bus services.<a href="#cite_note-BMTC-332">[332]</a> BMTC introduced air-conditioned buses in 2005, which operate on major routes and as shuttle services from various parts of the city to airport.<a href="#cite_note-333">[333]</a> It also operates a fleet of more than 1,100 electric vehicles.<a href="#cite_note-BMTC-332">[332]</a> Apart from single journey tickets, BMTC issues various passes for frequent users.<a href="#cite_note-334">[334]</a> Inter-city bus transport is handled by the <a href="/wiki/Karnataka_State_Road_Transport_Corporation" title="Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation">Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation</a> (KSRTC), owned by the Government of Karnataka. KSRTC operates various classes of services connecting other major cities in Karnataka, and other neighboring states.<a href="#cite_note-335">[335]</a> The major bus stations in the city include <a href="/wiki/Kempegowda_Bus_Station" title="Kempegowda Bus Station">Kempegowda Bus Station</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shantinagar_Bus_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Shantinagar Bus Station">Shantinagar Bus Station</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mysuru_Road_Bus_Station" title="Mysuru Road Bus Station">Mysuru Road Bus Station</a>.<a href="#cite_note-336">[336]</a><a href="#cite_note-337">[337]</a> The other means of road transport in the city include vans, <a href="/wiki/Auto_rickshaw" title="Auto rickshaw">auto rickshaws</a>, on-call metered taxis and tourist taxis.<a href="#cite_note-338">[338]</a><a href="#cite_note-339">[339]</a> Motor vehicles were introduced in Bengaluru in 1903.<a href="#cite_note-340">[340]</a> As of March 2022<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bengaluru&action=edit">[update]</a>, an average of 1,530 vehicles were registered daily in <a href="/wiki/Regional_Transport_Office" title="Regional Transport Office">Regional Transport Offices</a> (RTOs) in the city.<a href="#cite_note-341">[341]</a><a href="#cite_note-342">[342]</a> As of 2023<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bengaluru&action=edit">[update]</a>, the city had nearly ten million vehicles including 7.5 million two-wheelers.<a href="#cite_note-343">[343]</a> The rapid growth of vehicles and unplanned nature of growth has created several administrative problems relating to <a href="/wiki/Traffic_congestion" title="Traffic congestion">traffic congestion</a> and infrastructure, resulting in massive traffic <a href="/wiki/Gridlock" title="Gridlock">gridlocks</a>. The flyovers and one-way traffic systems introduced to address the concerns, were only moderately successful.<a href="#cite_note-344">[344]</a> The city also has considerable air pollution due to vehicle exhaust, and a 2016 study found that over 36% of diesel vehicles operating in the city exceeded the standard limit for emissions.<a href="#cite_note-Air-244">[244]</a><a href="#cite_note-345">[345]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Bengaluru" title="Education in Bengaluru">Education in Bengaluru</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Bengaluru" title="List of schools in Bengaluru">List of schools in Bengaluru</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_institutions_of_higher_education_in_Bengaluru" title="List of institutions of higher education in Bengaluru">List of institutions of higher education in Bengaluru</a></div> Bengaluru is a major educational hub and home to some of the premium educational institutions in the country.<a href="#cite_note-NDRF-346">[346]</a> The city has a 90.33% literacy rate and ranks second among the major Indian metropolitan city centres.<a href="#cite_note-347">[347]</a> As per the <a href="/wiki/2011_Census_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Census of India">2011 national census</a>, Bengaluru urban had a literacy rate of around 87.7%.<a href="#cite_note-348">[348]</a><a href="#cite_note-349">[349]</a> Until the early 19th century, education in Bengaluru was mainly run by religious leaders and restricted to students of that religion.<a href="#cite_note-350">[350]</a> In 1841, two native language schools were established by a London mission, and in 1842, <a href="/wiki/Mummadi_Krishnaraja_Wodeyar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mummadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar">Mummadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar</a> established the first <a href="/wiki/United_Mission_School" title="United Mission School">English School</a> under the Wesleyan mission, which expanded to five schools by 1954. In 1857, a public education department was established, and the education was formulated as per the Indian educational policy at the time.<a href="#cite_note-Cubbon-256">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPunekar197454-249">[249]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Military_School" title="Bangalore Military School">Bangalore Military School</a> was established in 1945.<a href="#cite_note-351">[351]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bangalore_Institution_(LMS,_1869,_p.55).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Bangalore_Institution_%28LMS%2C_1869%2C_p.55%29.jpg/220px-Bangalore_Institution_%28LMS%2C_1869%2C_p.55%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Bangalore_Institution_%28LMS%2C_1869%2C_p.55%29.jpg/330px-Bangalore_Institution_%28LMS%2C_1869%2C_p.55%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Bangalore_Institution_%28LMS%2C_1869%2C_p.55%29.jpg/440px-Bangalore_Institution_%28LMS%2C_1869%2C_p.55%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="611" data-file-height="431" /></a><figcaption>An English school established by London mission in 1869</figcaption></figure> Bengaluru has a mix of public and private schools with the public school system managed by the school education department of Government of Karnataka.<a href="#cite_note-352">[352]</a><a href="#cite_note-353">[353]</a> Public schools run by the Bengaluru Corporation are all affiliated with the Karnataka Board of Secondary Education, while private schools may be affiliated with either of Karnataka Board of Secondary Education, <a href="/wiki/Central_Board_of_Secondary_Education" title="Central Board of Secondary Education">Central Board of Secondary Education</a> (CBSE), <a href="/wiki/Council_for_the_Indian_School_Certificate_Examinations" title="Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations">Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations</a> (ICSE) or <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Open_Schooling" title="National Institute of Open Schooling">National Institute of Open Schooling</a> (NIOS).<a href="#cite_note-354">[354]</a> As of 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bengaluru&action=edit">[update]</a>, there are 142 public schools run by the Bengaluru Corporation.<a href="#cite_note-Edu-355">[355]</a> The city also has a significant number of <a href="/wiki/International_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="International schools">international schools</a> due to cater to expats and people employed in the technology sector.<a href="#cite_note-356">[356]</a> School education starts with two years of Kindergarten from age three onwards and then follows the Indian <a href="/wiki/Education_in_India" title="Education in India">10+2 plan</a>, ten years of school and two years of <a href="/wiki/Pre-university_course" title="Pre-university course">pre-university course</a> or <a href="/wiki/Higher_secondary" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher secondary">higher secondary</a> education. After completing their secondary education, students either attend a <a href="/wiki/Pre-university_course" title="Pre-university course">pre-university course</a> or continue an equivalent high school course in one of three streams – <a href="/wiki/Liberal_arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal arts">arts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commerce" title="Commerce">commerce</a> or <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a> – in various combinations.<a href="#cite_note-357">[357]</a> Alternatively, students can enrol in diploma courses and upon completing the required coursework, students enroll in general or professional degrees in universities through lateral entry.<a href="#cite_note-358">[358]</a><a href="#cite_note-359">[359]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:106px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:IISC_Bangalore_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/IISC_Bangalore_01.jpg/142px-IISC_Bangalore_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/IISC_Bangalore_01.jpg/213px-IISC_Bangalore_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/IISC_Bangalore_01.jpg/284px-IISC_Bangalore_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4545" data-file-height="3408" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:106px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:IIMB_Entrance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/IIMB_Entrance.jpg/142px-IIMB_Entrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/IIMB_Entrance.jpg/213px-IIMB_Entrance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/IIMB_Entrance.jpg/284px-IIMB_Entrance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Science" title="Indian Institute of Science">Indian Institute of Science</a> (left) and <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Management_Bangalore" title="Indian Institute of Management Bangalore">Indian Institute of Management Bangalore</a> are amongst the premier institutes of higher learning in India.</div></div></div></div> The oldest institution of higher learning in the city, the <a href="/wiki/Central_College,_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Central College, Bangalore">Central College</a>, was established as a high school affiliated to <a href="/wiki/Madras_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Madras University">Madras University</a> in 1858.<a href="#cite_note-Cubbon-256">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-360">[360]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Science" title="Indian Institute of Science">Indian Institute of Science</a> was established in 1909.<a href="#cite_note-tt10-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPunekar197454-249">[249]</a> The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Visvesvaraya_College_of_Engineering" title="University of Visvesvaraya College of Engineering">Government Engineering College</a> was established as an engineering school in 1913 by <a href="/wiki/M._Visvesvaraya" title="M. Visvesvaraya">M. Visvesvaraya</a>, and was became the first engineering college in the region in 1917, affiliated to <a href="/wiki/Mysore_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Mysore University">Mysore University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-361">[361]</a> As of 2016<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bengaluru&action=edit">[update]</a>, the city had six <a href="/wiki/Public_universities" class="mw-redirect" title="Public universities">public universities</a>, four <a href="/wiki/Deemed_universities" class="mw-redirect" title="Deemed universities">deemed universities</a>, eight <a href="/wiki/Private_universities" class="mw-redirect" title="Private universities">private universities</a>, 26 <a href="/wiki/Medical_college" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical college">medical and dental colleges</a>, 84 <a href="/wiki/Engineering_college" class="mw-redirect" title="Engineering college">engineering colleges</a>, 67 <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_technology" title="Institute of technology">polytechnics</a>, and 64 other institutes of higher learning.<a href="#cite_note-Economy-203">[203]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Bangalore_University" title="Bangalore University">Bangalore University</a> was established in 1964, and had more than 600 affiliated colleges, before being trifurcated into <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru_City_University" title="Bengaluru City University">Bengaluru City University</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru_North_University" title="Bengaluru North University">Bengaluru North University</a> in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-362">[362]</a><a href="#cite_note-363">[363]</a><a href="#cite_note-364">[364]</a> <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Management_Bangalore" title="Indian Institute of Management Bangalore">IIM Bangalore</a> was established as the third <a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Management" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Institute of Management">Indian Institute of Management</a> in 1972.<a href="#cite_note-365">[365]</a> The <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Mental_Health_and_Neurosciences" title="National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences">National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences</a> was established after the amalgamation of the All India Institute of Mental Health and hospital in 1974.<a href="#cite_note-366">[366]</a> The <a href="/wiki/National_Law_School_of_India_University" title="National Law School of India University">National Law School of India University</a> was the first Indian law university to be established in 1986.<a href="#cite_note-367">[367]</a> Other prominent research institutes in Bengaluru include <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru_Centre_for_Advanced_Scientific_Research" title="Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research">Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Centre_for_Biological_Sciences" title="National Centre for Biological Sciences">National Centre for Biological Sciences</a>, and <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Advanced_Studies" title="National Institute of Advanced Studies">National Institute of Advanced Studies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-368">[368]</a> There are 205 public libraries maintained by the department of public libraries. The libraries are divided across the five zones of the city, with a larger Central Public Library located in each of the zones.<a href="#cite_note-369">[369]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parks_and_recreation">Parks and recreation</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stage-1-cubbon_park-bangalore-India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Stage-1-cubbon_park-bangalore-India.jpg/220px-Stage-1-cubbon_park-bangalore-India.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Stage-1-cubbon_park-bangalore-India.jpg/330px-Stage-1-cubbon_park-bangalore-India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Stage-1-cubbon_park-bangalore-India.jpg/440px-Stage-1-cubbon_park-bangalore-India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4536" data-file-height="3367" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cubbon_Park" title="Cubbon Park">Cubbon Park</a>, established in 1870, is a large park in the center of the city.</figcaption></figure> Bengaluru is known as the "Garden City of India" because of its greenery.<a href="#cite_note-370">[370]</a><a href="#cite_note-371">[371]</a> In May 2012, <a href="/wiki/Lonely_Planet" title="Lonely Planet">Lonely Planet</a> listed the city as one of the world's top ten cities to visit.<a href="#cite_note-372">[372]</a> As of 2024, Bengaluru has 1,288 public parks maintained by the corporation.<a href="#cite_note-373">[373]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Lal_Bagh" title="Lal Bagh">Lal Bagh</a> was established in the 1760s, and was later expanded into a 240 acres (97 ha) botanical garden in the 19th century. It incorporates a hillock made of <a href="/wiki/Gneiss" title="Gneiss">gneiss</a>, formed billions of years ago, and is a declared national geological monument. The garden has a watch tower built in the 16th century by Kempe Gowda, a glass house built in 1889 on the model of <a href="/wiki/The_Crystal_Palace" title="The Crystal Palace">The Crystal Palace</a> in London, old <a href="/wiki/Hero_stone" title="Hero stone">hero stones</a>, and houses many exotic species of plants.<a href="#cite_note-374">[374]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Biannual" class="mw-redirect" title="Biannual">biannual</a> flowershow is held at the gardens during the weeks of India's <a href="/wiki/Republic_Day_(India)" title="Republic Day (India)">Republic Day</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(India)" title="Independence Day (India)">Independence Day</a>.<a href="#cite_note-375">[375]</a><a href="#cite_note-376">[376]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Cubbon_Park" title="Cubbon Park">Cubbon Park</a> is a large park spanning 300 acres (120 ha) in the heart of the city, and was established in 1870. It hosts the <a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Aquarium" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore Aquarium">Bangalore Aquarium</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Bangalore_central_library" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore central library">Bangalore central library</a>.<a href="#cite_note-377">[377]</a><a href="#cite_note-378">[378]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bannerghatta_National_Park" title="Bannerghatta National Park">Bannerghatta National Park</a> is a 260.51 km2 (100.58 sq mi) <a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of protected areas of India">national park and protected area</a>, located south of the city.<a href="#cite_note-379">[379]</a> The old central prison was decommissioned in 2000 and was redeveloped in to <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Park,_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom Park, Bangalore">Freedom Park</a>.<a href="#cite_note-380">[380]</a> Elgin Talkies, built in 1896, was the first theatre in Bengaluru.<a href="#cite_note-381">[381]</a> In the later half of the 20th century, the city had 149 single screens, most of them situated along the Kempegowda Road near the <a href="/wiki/Kempegowda_Bus_Station" title="Kempegowda Bus Station">Kempegowda Bus Station</a>.<a href="#cite_note-382">[382]</a> In the 21st century, large multiplexes with multiple screens began replacing the single screen theaters, and the city is now home to a large number of multiplexes.<a href="#cite_note-383">[383]</a><a href="#cite_note-384">[384]</a> Stage plays and dramas of different genres and languages are enacted in theatres across the city.<a href="#cite_note-385">[385]</a><a href="#cite_note-386">[386]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinnaswamy_Stadium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Chinnaswamy_Stadium.jpg/220px-Chinnaswamy_Stadium.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Chinnaswamy_Stadium.jpg/330px-Chinnaswamy_Stadium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Chinnaswamy_Stadium.jpg/440px-Chinnaswamy_Stadium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2241" data-file-height="1212" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chinnaswamy_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinnaswamy Stadium">Chinnaswamy Stadium</a> in 2017</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">Cricket</a> is the most popular sport in the city and the parks in the city serve as venues for impromptu games.<a href="#cite_note-387">[387]</a><a href="#cite_note-388">[388]</a><a href="#cite_note-389">[389]</a> <a href="/wiki/M._Chinnaswamy_Stadium" title="M. Chinnaswamy Stadium">M. Chinnaswamy Stadium</a>, established in 1969, is a major <a href="/wiki/List_of_international_cricket_grounds_in_India" title="List of international cricket grounds in India">international cricketing venue</a>, and has hosted matches during multiple <a href="/wiki/ICC_Cricket_World_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="ICC Cricket World Cup">ICC Cricket World Cups</a>.<a href="#cite_note-390">[390]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Karnataka_State_Cricket_Association" title="Karnataka State Cricket Association">Karnataka State Cricket Association</a>, located in the stadium premises, is responsible for managing organised cricket in the state.<a href="#cite_note-391">[391]</a> The <a href="/wiki/National_Cricket_Academy" title="National Cricket Academy">National Cricket Academy</a>, operated by the <a href="/wiki/Board_of_Control_for_Cricket_in_India" title="Board of Control for Cricket in India">Board of Control for Cricket in India</a>, is based out of the city.<a href="#cite_note-392">[392]</a> The city is home to the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Premier_League" title="Indian Premier League">Indian Premier League</a> (IPL) franchise <a href="/wiki/Royal_Challengers_Bengaluru" title="Royal Challengers Bengaluru">Royal Challengers Bengaluru</a>.<a href="#cite_note-RCB-393">[393]</a> Notable international cricketers born in the city include <a href="/wiki/Erapalli_Prasanna" class="mw-redirect" title="Erapalli Prasanna">Erapalli Prasanna</a>,<a href="#cite_note-394">[394]</a> <a href="/wiki/Roger_Binny" title="Roger Binny">Roger Binny</a>,<a href="#cite_note-395">[395]</a> <a href="/wiki/Anil_Kumble" title="Anil Kumble">Anil Kumble</a>,<a href="#cite_note-396">[396]</a> <a href="/wiki/Venkatesh_Prasad" title="Venkatesh Prasad">Venkatesh Prasad</a>,<a href="#cite_note-397">[397]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lokesh_Rahul" class="mw-redirect" title="Lokesh Rahul">Lokesh Rahul</a>,<a href="#cite_note-398">[398]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mayank_Agarwal" title="Mayank Agarwal">Mayank Agarwal</a>,<a href="#cite_note-399">[399]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Binny" title="Stuart Binny">Stuart Binny</a>.<a href="#cite_note-400">[400]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sree_Kanteerava_Stadium.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Sree_Kanteerava_Stadium.jpg/220px-Sree_Kanteerava_Stadium.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Sree_Kanteerava_Stadium.jpg/330px-Sree_Kanteerava_Stadium.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Sree_Kanteerava_Stadium.jpg/440px-Sree_Kanteerava_Stadium.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2911" data-file-height="1639" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sree_Kanteerava_Stadium" title="Sree Kanteerava Stadium">Sree Kanteerava Stadium</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Sree_Kanteerava_Stadium" title="Sree Kanteerava Stadium">Sree Kanteerava Stadium</a> is a multi-purpose venue which hosts <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sport_of_athletics" title="Sport of athletics">athletics</a>.<a href="#cite_note-401">[401]</a><a href="#cite_note-The_Hindustan_Times-402">[402]</a> Association football also has a significant following in the city, and <a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Football_Stadium" title="Bangalore Football Stadium">Bangalore Football Stadium</a> hosts football matches along with the Kanteerva stadium in the city.<a href="#cite_note-The_Hindustan_Times-402">[402]</a><a href="#cite_note-403">[403]</a> The city is home to football clubs <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru_FC" title="Bengaluru FC">Bengaluru FC</a>,<a href="#cite_note-BFC-404">[404]</a> <a href="/wiki/FC_Bengaluru_United" title="FC Bengaluru United">FC Bengaluru United</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FCB-405">[405]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ozone_FC" title="Ozone FC">Ozone FC</a>,<a href="#cite_note-OFC-406">[406]</a> <a href="/wiki/South_United_FC" title="South United FC">South United FC</a>,<a href="#cite_note-SFC-407">[407]</a> and <a href="/wiki/SC_Bengaluru" title="SC Bengaluru">SC Bengaluru</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SCB-408">[408]</a> Prominent international footballers from the city include <a href="/wiki/Sattar_Basheer" title="Sattar Basheer">Sattar Basheer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Arumainayagam" title="Arumainayagam">Arumainayagam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-409">[409]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Kanteerava_Indoor_Stadium" title="Kanteerava Indoor Stadium">Kanteerava Indoor Stadium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Koramangala_Indoor_Stadium" title="Koramangala Indoor Stadium">Koramangala Indoor Stadium</a> are <a href="/wiki/Indoor_arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Indoor arena">indoor arenas</a> used to host indoor sports, and other events.<a href="#cite_note-410">[410]</a><a href="#cite_note-411">[411]</a> The Kanteerva arena hosted the <a href="/wiki/SABA_Championship" title="SABA Championship">South Asian Basketball Championship</a> in <a href="/wiki/2015_SABA_Championship" title="2015 SABA Championship">2015</a> and <a href="/wiki/2016_SABA_Championship" title="2016 SABA Championship">2016</a>.<a href="#cite_note-412">[412]</a><a href="#cite_note-413">[413]</a> The city is home to <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru_Beast" title="Bengaluru Beast">Bengaluru Beast</a> of the <a href="/wiki/UBA_Pro_Basketball_League" title="UBA Pro Basketball League">UBA Pro Basketball League</a>,<a href="#cite_note-PBL-414">[414]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru_Bulls" title="Bengaluru Bulls">Bengaluru Bulls</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Pro_Kabaddi_League" title="Pro Kabaddi League">Pro Kabaddi League</a>, who also play their home matches at the stadium.<a href="#cite_note-PKL-415">[415]</a><a href="#cite_note-416">[416]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BFS_on_a_matchday_May_2023.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/BFS_on_a_matchday_May_2023.jpg/220px-BFS_on_a_matchday_May_2023.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/BFS_on_a_matchday_May_2023.jpg/330px-BFS_on_a_matchday_May_2023.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/BFS_on_a_matchday_May_2023.jpg/440px-BFS_on_a_matchday_May_2023.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2268" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Football_Stadium" title="Bangalore Football Stadium">Bangalore Football Stadium</a></figcaption></figure> Bengaluru hosts the <a href="/wiki/WTA_Indian_Open" title="WTA Indian Open">WTA Indian Open</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru_Open" title="Bengaluru Open">Bengaluru Open</a> <a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">tennis</a> tournaments annually.<a href="#cite_note-417">[417]</a><a href="#cite_note-418">[418]</a> Prominent international sports people from the city include tennis <a href="/wiki/Grand_Slam_(tennis)" title="Grand Slam (tennis)">grand slam</a> champion <a href="/wiki/Rohan_Bopanna" title="Rohan Bopanna">Rohan Bopanna</a>,<a href="#cite_note-419">[419]</a> former <a href="/wiki/All_England_Open" class="mw-redirect" title="All England Open">All England Open</a> <a href="/wiki/Badminton" title="Badminton">badminton</a> champion <a href="/wiki/Prakash_Padukone" title="Prakash Padukone">Prakash Padukone</a>,<a href="#cite_note-420">[420]</a> and former national <a href="/wiki/Swimming" title="Swimming">swimming</a> champion <a href="/wiki/Nisha_Millet" title="Nisha Millet">Nisha Millet</a>.<a href="#cite_note-421">[421]</a> Other notable sportsmen who reside in the city include former <a href="/wiki/List_of_India_national_cricket_captains" title="List of India national cricket captains">Indian cricket captain</a> <a href="/wiki/Rahul_Dravid" title="Rahul Dravid">Rahul Dravid</a>,<a href="#cite_note-422">[422]</a> <a href="/wiki/World_snooker_champion" class="mw-redirect" title="World snooker champion">world snooker champion</a> <a href="/wiki/Pankaj_Advani_(billiards_player)" title="Pankaj Advani (billiards player)">Pankaj Advani</a>,<a href="#cite_note-423">[423]</a> and multiple tennis <a href="/wiki/Grand_Slam_(tennis)" title="Grand Slam (tennis)">grand slam</a> champion <a href="/wiki/Mahesh_Bhupathi" title="Mahesh Bhupathi">Mahesh Bhupathi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-424">[424]</a> The city is home to several recreational and sports clubs such as <a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Club" title="Bangalore Club">Bangalore Club</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bowring_Institute" title="Bowring Institute">Bowring Institute</a>, Bangalore Golf Club and Bangalore Turf Club.<a href="#cite_note-425">[425]</a><a href="#cite_note-426">[426]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_based_teams">City based teams</h3></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%"> <caption>City-based teams </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Club </th> <th>Sport </th> <th>League </th> <th>Stadium </th> <th>Founded </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Aeronautics_Limited_S.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Hindustan Aeronautics Limited S.C.">HAL Bangalore</a><a href="#cite_note-427">[427]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Football_(soccer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Football (soccer)">Football</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/I-League_3" title="I-League 3">I-League 3</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Football_Stadium" title="Bangalore Football Stadium">Bangalore Football Stadium</a> </td> <td>1950 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Hi-Fliers" title="Bangalore Hi-Fliers">Bangalore Hi-Fliers</a><a href="#cite_note-428">[428]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Field_hockey" title="Field hockey">Field hockey</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Premier_Hockey_League" title="Premier Hockey League">Premier Hockey League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Hockey_Stadium" title="Bangalore Hockey Stadium">Bangalore Hockey Stadium</a> </td> <td>2005 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Royal_Challengers_Bengaluru" title="Royal Challengers Bengaluru">Royal Challengers Bengaluru</a><a href="#cite_note-RCB-393">[393]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">Cricket</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_Premier_League" title="Indian Premier League">Indian Premier League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chinnaswamy_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinnaswamy Stadium">Chinnaswamy Stadium</a> </td> <td>2008 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_rugby_football_club" title="Bangalore rugby football club">Bangalore rugby football club</a><a href="#cite_note-429">[429]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">Rugby</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/All_India_%26_South_Asia_Rugby_Tournament" title="All India & South Asia Rugby Tournament">All India & South Asia Rugby Tournament</a> </td> <td>RBANMS College Ground </td> <td>2009 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_Lions" title="Karnataka Lions">Karnataka Lions</a><a href="#cite_note-430">[430]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Field_hockey" title="Field hockey">Field hockey</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/World_Series_Hockey" title="World Series Hockey">World Series Hockey</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Hockey_Stadium" title="Bangalore Hockey Stadium">Bangalore Hockey Stadium</a> </td> <td>2011 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Warhawks" title="Bangalore Warhawks">Bangalore Warhawks</a><a href="#cite_note-431">[431]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Elite_Football_League_of_India" title="Elite Football League of India">Elite Football League of India</a> </td> <td>HAL Sports Complex </td> <td>2012 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/South_United_FC" title="South United FC">South United FC</a><a href="#cite_note-SFC-407">[407]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Football_(soccer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Football (soccer)">Football</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/BDFA_Super_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="BDFA Super Division">BDFA Super Division</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Football_Stadium" title="Bangalore Football Stadium">Bangalore Football Stadium</a> </td> <td>2013 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bengaluru_FC" title="Bengaluru FC">Bengaluru FC</a><a href="#cite_note-BFC-404">[404]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Indian_Super_League" title="Indian Super League">Indian Super League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sree_Kanteerava_Stadium" title="Sree Kanteerava Stadium">Sree Kanteerava Stadium</a> </td> <td>2013 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bengaluru_Raptors" title="Bengaluru Raptors">Bengaluru Raptors</a><a href="#cite_note-432">[432]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Badminton" title="Badminton">Badminton</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Premier_Badminton_League" title="Premier Badminton League">Premier Badminton League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Koramangala_Indoor_Stadium" title="Koramangala Indoor Stadium">Koramangala Indoor Stadium</a> </td> <td>2013 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bengaluru_Bulls" title="Bengaluru Bulls">Bengaluru Bulls</a><a href="#cite_note-PKL-415">[415]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kabaddi" title="Kabaddi">Kabaddi</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pro_Kabaddi_League" title="Pro Kabaddi League">Pro Kabaddi League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kanteerava_Indoor_Stadium" title="Kanteerava Indoor Stadium">Kanteerava Indoor Stadium</a> </td> <td>2014 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Raptors" title="Bangalore Raptors">Bangalore Raptors</a><a href="#cite_note-433">[433]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">Tennis</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Champions_Tennis_League" title="Champions Tennis League">Champions Tennis League</a> </td> <td>KSLTA Tennis Stadium </td> <td>2014 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ozone_FC" title="Ozone FC">Ozone FC</a><a href="#cite_note-OFC-406">[406]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Football_(soccer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Football (soccer)">Football</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/BDFA_Super_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="BDFA Super Division">BDFA Super Division</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Football_Stadium" title="Bangalore Football Stadium">Bangalore Football Stadium</a> </td> <td>2015 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bengaluru_Beast" title="Bengaluru Beast">Bengaluru Beast</a><a href="#cite_note-PBL-414">[414]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/UBA_Pro_Basketball_League" title="UBA Pro Basketball League">UBA Pro Basketball League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kanteerava_Indoor_Stadium" title="Kanteerava Indoor Stadium">Kanteerava Indoor Stadium</a> </td> <td>2015 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/FC_Bengaluru_United" title="FC Bengaluru United">FC Bengaluru United</a><a href="#cite_note-BFC-404">[404]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Football_(soccer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Football (soccer)">Football</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/I-League_2" title="I-League 2">I-League 2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Football_Stadium" title="Bangalore Football Stadium">Bangalore Football Stadium</a> </td> <td>2018 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bengaluru_Torpedoes" title="Bengaluru Torpedoes">Bengaluru Torpedoes</a><a href="#cite_note-434">[434]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">Volleyball</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Volleyball_League" title="Prime Volleyball League">Prime Volleyball League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Koramangala_Indoor_Stadium" title="Koramangala Indoor Stadium">Koramangala Indoor Stadium</a> </td> <td>2021 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/SC_Bengaluru" title="SC Bengaluru">SC Bengaluru</a><a href="#cite_note-SCB-408">[408]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Football_(soccer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Football (soccer)">Football</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/I-League" title="I-League">I-League</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Football_Stadium" title="Bangalore Football Stadium">Bangalore Football Stadium</a> </td> <td>2022 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Foreign_relations">Foreign relations</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_India" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in India">List of twin towns and sister cities in India</a></div> Bengaluru has consulates of France,<a href="#cite_note-435">[435]</a> <a href="/wiki/Consulate_General_of_Germany,_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Consulate General of Germany, Bangalore">Germany</a>,<a href="#cite_note-436">[436]</a> Israel,<a href="#cite_note-437">[437]</a> and Japan,<a href="#cite_note-438">[438]</a> and a virtual consulate of the United States.<a href="#cite_note-439">[439]</a> The city also hosts a British deputy High Commission,<a href="#cite_note-440">[440]</a> and honorary consulates of Finland,<a href="#cite_note-441">[441]</a> Ireland,<a href="#cite_note-442">[442]</a> Maldives,<a href="#cite_note-443">[443]</a> Peru,<a href="#cite_note-444">[444]</a> and Switzerland.<a href="#cite_note-445">[445]</a> Canada has a trade office in the city.<a href="#cite_note-446">[446]</a> Bengaluru has a <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">sister city</a> relationship with the following cities: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus"><img alt="Belarus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Minsk,_Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Minsk, Belarus">Minsk, Belarus</a> (1973)<a href="#cite_note-447">[447]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Cleveland,_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleveland, Ohio">Cleveland</a>, United States (1992)<a href="#cite_note-448">[448]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco, California">San Francisco</a>, United States (2008)<a href="#cite_note-449">[449]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Chengdu,_Sichuan" class="mw-redirect" title="Chengdu, Sichuan">Chengdu</a>, China (2013)<a href="#cite_note-450">[450]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Bangalore">History of Bengaluru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chola_temples_in_Bengaluru" title="List of Chola temples in Bengaluru">List of Chola temples in Bengaluru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_neighbourhoods_in_Bengaluru" title="List of neighbourhoods in Bengaluru">List of neighbourhoods in Bengaluru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Bengaluru" title="List of people from Bengaluru">List of people from Bengaluru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Bengaluru" title="List of tallest buildings in Bengaluru">List of tallest buildings in Bengaluru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tourist_attractions_in_Bengaluru" title="List of tourist attractions in Bengaluru">List of tourist attractions in Bengaluru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_taluks_in_Bengaluru_Urban_district" title="List of taluks in Bengaluru Urban district">List of taluks in Bengaluru Urban district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Karnataka" title="Tourism in Karnataka">Tourism in Karnataka</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deccanherald.com/city/bengaluru-infrastructure/new-bbmp-chief-commissioner-inspects-infrastructure-projects-1107607.html">"New BBMP Chief Commissioner inspects infrastructure projects"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Herald" title="Deccan Herald">Deccan Herald</a>. 7 June 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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Retrieved 30 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=Earlier+known+as+Doddapete%2C+Avenue+Road+could+be+as+old+as+Bengaluru&rft.date=2015-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics-and-nation%2Fearlier-known-as-doddapete-avenue-road-could-be-as-old-as-bengaluru%2Farticleshow%2F46697749.cms%3Ffrom%3Dmdr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ekoji-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ekoji_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ekoji_30-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ekoji_30-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ekoji_30-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSrinivas2005" class="citation news cs1">Srinivas, S (22 February 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120213025649/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2005/02/22/stories/2005022201010300.htm">"The bean city"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a>. 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Retrieved 26 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Bangalore%E2%80%94future+trends+in+public+open+space+usage.+Case+study%3A+Mahatma+Gandhi+Road%2C+Bangalore&rft.inst=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10919%2F9941&rft.aulast=Vagale&rft.aufirst=Uday+Kumar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10919%2F9941&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShekhar2016" class="citation news cs1">Shekhar, Divya (27 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/to-secure-a-budding-bengaluru-kempe-gowda-built-4-towers/articleshow/55087621.cms#:~:text=Bengaluru%20began%20to%20scale%20newer,%22eventual%22%20boundaries%20of%20Bengaluru.">"To secure a budding Bengaluru, Kempe Gowda built 4 towers"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Economic_Times" title="The Economic Times">The Economic Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220530102939/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/to-secure-a-budding-bengaluru-kempe-gowda-built-4-towers/articleshow/55087621.cms#:~:text=Bengaluru%20began%20to%20scale%20newer,%22eventual%22%20boundaries%20of%20Bengaluru.">Archived</a> from the original on 30 May 2022. Retrieved 30 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=To+secure+a+budding+Bengaluru%2C+Kempe+Gowda+built+4+towers&rft.date=2016-10-27&rft.aulast=Shekhar&rft.aufirst=Divya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics-and-nation%2Fto-secure-a-budding-bengaluru-kempe-gowda-built-4-towers%2Farticleshow%2F55087621.cms%23%3A~%3Atext%3DBengaluru%2520began%2520to%2520scale%2520newer%2C%2522eventual%2522%2520boundaries%2520of%2520Bengaluru.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tt6-33"><a href="#cite_ref-tt6_33-0">^</a> <a href="#TalkoftheTown">Pinto & Srivastava 2008</a>, p. 6 </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShekhar2016" class="citation news cs1">Shekhar, Divya (11 August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/date-with-history-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-iconic-lalbaghs-glass-house-built-in-1889/articleshow/53647928.cms">"Date with history: All you need to know about the iconic Lalbagh's Glass House built in 1889"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Economic_Times" title="The Economic Times">The Economic Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220523163836/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/date-with-history-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-iconic-lalbaghs-glass-house-built-in-1889/articleshow/53647928.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2022. Retrieved 23 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=Date+with+history%3A+All+you+need+to+know+about+the+iconic+Lalbagh%27s+Glass+House+built+in+1889&rft.date=2016-08-11&rft.aulast=Shekhar&rft.aufirst=Divya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fmagazines%2Fpanache%2Fdate-with-history-all-you-need-to-know-about-the-iconic-lalbaghs-glass-house-built-in-1889%2Farticleshow%2F53647928.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tt8-35"><a href="#cite_ref-tt8_35-0">^</a> <a href="#TalkoftheTown">Pinto & Srivastava 2008</a>, p. 8 </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandes1933" class="citation book cs1">Sandes, E.W.C. (1933). The military engineer in India, vol I. 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Retrieved 8 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Entrepreneurship+in+tourism+and+allied+activities%3A+a+study+of+Bangalore+city+in+the+post-liberalization+period&rft.pages=86&rft.pub=Pondicherry+University&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Ghosh&rft.aufirst=Jyotirmoy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in%2Fbitstream%2F10603%2F5261%2F9%2F09_chapter%25203.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ephemeral-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ephemeral_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ephemeral_41-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmily_Stevenson2023" class="citation book cs1">Emily Stevenson (2023). 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Bangalore—future trends in public open space usage. Case study: Mahatma Gandhi Road, Bangalore (Thesis). <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Polytechnic_Institute_and_State_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University">Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University</a>. p. 49. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10919%2F9941">10919/9941</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120605195117/http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05172004-231956/unrestricted/4.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 5 June 2012. 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Outlook India. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110121155127/http://outlookindia.com/article.aspx?230851">Archived</a> from the original on 21 January 2011. Retrieved 15 November 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Outlook+India&rft.atitle=ElectriCity&rft.date=2006-04-10&rft.aulast=Srinivasaraju&rft.aufirst=Sugata&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.outlookindia.com%2Farticle.aspx%3F230851&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMudurHemanth_CS2013" class="citation web cs1">Mudur, Nirad; Hemanth CS (7 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/1844966/report-dna-special-bangalore-torpedo-gave-them-their-d-day-69-years-ago">"Bangalore torpedo gave them their D-Day, 69 years ago"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Daily_News_and_Analysis" title="Daily News and Analysis">Daily News and Analysis</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131004213533/http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/1844966/report-dna-special-bangalore-torpedo-gave-them-their-d-day-69-years-ago">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 1 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+News+and+Analysis&rft.atitle=Bangalore+torpedo+gave+them+their+D-Day%2C+69+years+ago&rft.date=2013-06-07&rft.aulast=Mudur&rft.aufirst=Nirad&rft.au=Hemanth+CS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dnaindia.com%2Fbangalore%2F1844966%2Freport-dna-special-bangalore-torpedo-gave-them-their-d-day-69-years-ago&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Basavaraja-49"><a href="#cite_ref-Basavaraja_49-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBasavaraja1984" class="citation book cs1">Basavaraja, Kadati Reddera (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VvpIAAAAIAAJ">History and Culture of Karnataka: Early Times to Unification</a>. Chalukya Publications. p. 332. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171227181924/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=VvpIAAAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 27 December 2017. Retrieved 27 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+and+Culture+of+Karnataka%3A+Early+Times+to+Unification&rft.pages=332&rft.pub=Chalukya+Publications&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Basavaraja&rft.aufirst=Kadati+Reddera&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVvpIAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <a href="#nair">Nair 2005</a>, p. 70 </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS.1985" class="citation book cs1">S., Chandrasekhar (1985). 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Psychology Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/territoriesstate0000unse/page/135">135</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-203-40290-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-203-40290-0"><bdi>978-0-203-40290-0</bdi></a>. <q>When the new, extended Mysore was created on 1 November 1956 (by the addition of coastal, central and northern territories), Wodeyar became Governor of the whole state, which was renamed Karnataka in 1973.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Territories+and+States+of+India&rft.pages=135&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-203-40290-0&rft.aulast=Boland-Crewe&rft.aufirst=Tara&rft.au=Lea%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fterritoriesstate0000unse%2Fpage%2F135&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deccanherald.com/content/237732/civic-bodies-yore-didnt-digress.html">"Civic bodies of yore didn't digress from progress"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Herald" title="Deccan Herald">Deccan Herald</a>. 28 March 2012. 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Retrieved 25 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+News+Minute&rft.atitle=Banglori+Dakhni%3A+How+a+language+associated+with+Hyderabad+thrives+in+Bengaluru+too&rft.date=2019-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenewsminute.com%2Farticle%2Fbanglori-dakhni-how-language-associated-hyderabad-thrives-bengaluru-too-108850&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ksdb.karnataka.gov.in/page/Slums/Abstract+Details+Of+Slums/en">"Details of slumbs"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Karnataka" title="Government of Karnataka">Government of Karnataka</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240225140451/https://ksdb.karnataka.gov.in/page/Slums/Abstract+Details+Of+Slums/en">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2024. 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Retrieved 20 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deccan+Herald&rft.atitle=New+BBMP+chief+commissioner+inspects+infrastructure+projects&rft.date=2022-05-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deccanherald.com%2Fcity%2Fbengaluru-infrastructure%2Fnew-bbmp-chief-commissioner-inspects-infrastructure-projects-1107607.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110615054417/http://www.hindu.com/2006/07/19/stories/2006071907880400.htm">"Assembly re-adopts Bill on BDA Act"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a>. 19 July 2006. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deccanchronicle.com/bengaluru/soudha-tale-sweat-and-toil-093">the original</a> on 5 November 2010. 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Retrieved 4 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bangalore+Mirror&rft.atitle=13-yr-old+Vikasa+Soudha+gets+into+%27heritage+list%27&rft.date=2017-11-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbangaloremirror.indiatimes.com%2Fbangalore%2Fothers%2F13-yr-old-vikasa-soudha-gets-into-heritage-list%2Farticleshow%2F61855518.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2020/feb/15/15-yrs-on-netas-still-see-vikasa-as-the-lesser-soudha-insist-on-vidhana-office-2103607.html">"15 years on, netas still see Vikasa as the lesser Soudha, insist on Vidhana office"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Indian_Express" title="The New Indian Express">The New Indian Express</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220204205238/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2020/feb/15/15-yrs-on-netas-still-see-vikasa-as-the-lesser-soudha-insist-on-vidhana-office-2103607.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 February 2022. Retrieved 4 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=15+years+on%2C+netas+still+see+Vikasa+as+the+lesser+Soudha%2C+insist+on+Vidhana+office&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newindianexpress.com%2Fstates%2Fkarnataka%2F2020%2Ffeb%2F15%2F15-yrs-on-netas-still-see-vikasa-as-the-lesser-soudha-insist-on-vidhana-office-2103607.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://karnatakatourism.org/tour-item/raj-bhavan/">"Raj Bhavan"</a>. Karnataka Tourism. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240521040709/https://karnatakatourism.org/tour-item/raj-bhavan/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Karnataka+Tourism&rft.atitle=Raj+Bhavan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkarnatakatourism.org%2Ftour-item%2Fraj-bhavan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://karnatakajudiciary.kar.nic.in/newwebsite/org_str.php">"Karnataka High Court"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241208131019/https://karnatakajudiciary.kar.nic.in/newwebsite/org_str.php">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2024. Retrieved 1 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Karnataka+High+Court&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkarnatakajudiciary.kar.nic.in%2Fnewwebsite%2Forg_str.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://karnatakajudiciary.kar.nic.in/contactus.php">"About Karnataka High Court"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Karnataka_High_Court" title="Karnataka High Court">Karnataka High Court</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221204045142/https://karnatakajudiciary.kar.nic.in/contactus.php">Archived</a> from the original on 4 December 2022. 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Retrieved 20 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Karnataka%3A+Pratap+Reddy+appointed+new+Bengaluru+city+police+commissioner%2C+replaces+Kamal+Pant&rft.date=2022-05-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Fcities%2Fbangalore%2Fkarnataka-pratap-reddy-appointed-new-bengaluru-city-police-commissioner-replaces-kamal-pant-7920729%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bcp.karnataka.gov.in/6/overview/en">"Bangalore city police"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru_City_Police" title="Bengaluru City Police">Bengaluru City Police</a>. 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Retrieved 1 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Bengaluru%3A+Staff+shortage+acute+in+city%2C+says+top+cop&rft.date=2024-02-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newindianexpress.com%2Fstates%2Fkarnataka%2F2024%2FFeb%2F18%2Fbengaluru-staff-shortage-acute-in-city-says-top-cop&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130411035830/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-01-26/bangalore/30666270_1_seat-belts-front-seats-city-traffic-police">"Fasten your seat belts from Feb 1"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>. 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Retrieved 1 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Frontline&rft.atitle=Karnataka%3A+The+southern+outlier&rft.date=2024-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffrontline.thehindu.com%2Fpolitics%2Fkarnataka-politics-dravidian-congress-bjp-jds-minorities-backward-classes-dalits%2Farticle68311543.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livemint.com/elections/karnataka-assembly-election-2023-result-bjp-congress-jds-candidates-winners-list-live-news-updates-11683786118237.html">"Karnataka Election Result 2023 winners list: Who won it for Congress, BJP, JD(S)? Full list of victorious candidates"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Live_Mint" class="mw-redirect" title="Live Mint">Live Mint</a>. 14 May 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240624170809/https://www.livemint.com/elections/karnataka-assembly-election-2023-result-bjp-congress-jds-candidates-winners-list-live-news-updates-11683786118237.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2024. Retrieved 1 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Live+Mint&rft.atitle=Karnataka+Election+Result+2023+winners+list%3A+Who+won+it+for+Congress%2C+BJP%2C+JD%28S%29%3F+Full+list+of+victorious+candidates&rft.date=2023-05-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livemint.com%2Felections%2Fkarnataka-assembly-election-2023-result-bjp-congress-jds-candidates-winners-list-live-news-updates-11683786118237.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livemint.com/elections/bangalore-karnataka-election-results-2024-karnataka-general-election-live-news-updates-bangalore-south-tejasvi-surya-11717228036343.html">"Bangalore, Karnataka Election Results 2024: Tejasvi Surya defeats Sowmya Reddy; BJP wins all 4 seats"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Live_Mint" class="mw-redirect" title="Live Mint">Live Mint</a>. 4 June 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240604122520/https://www.livemint.com/elections/bangalore-karnataka-election-results-2024-karnataka-general-election-live-news-updates-bangalore-south-tejasvi-surya-11717228036343.html">Archived</a> from the original on 4 June 2024. Retrieved 1 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Live+Mint&rft.atitle=Bangalore%2C+Karnataka+Election+Results+2024%3A+Tejasvi+Surya+defeats+Sowmya+Reddy%3B+BJP+wins+all+4+seats&rft.date=2024-06-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livemint.com%2Felections%2Fbangalore-karnataka-election-results-2024-karnataka-general-election-live-news-updates-bangalore-south-tejasvi-surya-11717228036343.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/sampath-raj-is-citys-new-mayor/article19768858.ece">"Sampath Raj is city's new Mayor"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a>. 28 September 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170929063904/http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/sampath-raj-is-citys-new-mayor/article19768858.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 29 September 2017. Retrieved 25 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Sampath+Raj+is+city%27s+new+Mayor&rft.date=2017-09-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fcities%2Fbangalore%2Fsampath-raj-is-citys-new-mayor%2Farticle19768858.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/bjps-gowtham-kumar-becomes-bengaluru-mayor/article29565161.ece">"BJP's Gowtham Kumar becomes Bengaluru Mayor"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a>. 1 October 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241208151106/https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/bjps-gowtham-kumar-becomes-bengaluru-mayor/article29565161.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=BJP%27s+Gowtham+Kumar+becomes+Bengaluru+Mayor&rft.date=2019-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fcities%2Fbangalore%2Fbjps-gowtham-kumar-becomes-bengaluru-mayor%2Farticle29565161.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/term-of-bbmp-council-ends-govt-appoints-gaurav-gupta-as-administrator/articleshow/78043069.cms?from=mdr">"Term of BBMP council ends; govt appoints Gaurav Gupta as administrator"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Economic_Times" title="The Economic Times">The Economic Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220404220809/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/term-of-bbmp-council-ends-govt-appoints-gaurav-gupta-as-administrator/articleshow/78043069.cms?from=mdr">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=Term+of+BBMP+council+ends%3B+govt+appoints+Gaurav+Gupta+as+administrator&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics-and-nation%2Fterm-of-bbmp-council-ends-govt-appoints-gaurav-gupta-as-administrator%2Farticleshow%2F78043069.cms%3Ffrom%3Dmdr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/bbmp-marks-longest-period-without-elected-council-3183534">"BBMP marks longest period without elected council"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Herald" title="Deccan Herald">Deccan Herald</a>. 9 September 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240910140605/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/karnataka/bengaluru/bbmp-marks-longest-period-without-elected-council-3183534">Archived</a> from the original on 10 September 2024. Retrieved 1 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deccan+Herald&rft.atitle=BBMP+marks+longest+period+without+elected+council&rft.date=2024-09-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deccanherald.com%2Findia%2Fkarnataka%2Fbengaluru%2Fbbmp-marks-longest-period-without-elected-council-3183534&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GISData-147">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GISData_147-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GISData_147-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11378/download/14491/DDW29C-01%20MDDS.XLS">"Table C-01 Population By Religion - Karnataka"</a>. census.gov.in. <a href="/wiki/Registrar_General_and_Census_Commissioner_of_India" title="Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India">Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220622053823/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11378/download/14491/DDW29C-01%20MDDS.XLS">Archived</a> from the original on 22 June 2022. 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Retrieved 1 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=UCA+News&rft.atitle=In+the+Indian+rector%27s+murder%2C+the+%27why%27+matters+as+much+as+the+%27who%27&rft.date=2014-03-31&rft.aulast=Christopher&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucanews.com%2Fnews%2Fin-the-indian-rectors-murder-the-why-matters-as-much-as-the-who%2F70603&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-diverse-152">^ <a href="#cite_ref-diverse_152-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-diverse_152-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrashanth" class="citation web cs1">Prashanth, G N. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140502011608/http://mobiletoi.timesofindia.com/mobile.aspx?article=yes&pageid=22&edlabel=TOIBG&mydateHid=18-07-2009&pubname=Times+of+India+-+Bangalore&edname=&articleid=Ar02200&publabel=TOI">"A melting pot that welcomes all"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>. 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Retrieved 1 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Ulsoor%27s+%27Poo+Pallaki%27+begins+on+Saturday&rft.date=2016-05-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fcities%2Fbangalore%2Fulsoors-poo-pallaki-begins-on-saturday%2Farticle5944528.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <a href="#bm">Raman 1994</a>, pp. 42–45 </li> <li id="cite_note-language-163">^ <a href="#cite_ref-language_163-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-language_163-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10255/download/13367/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-2900.XLSX">"Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue (Urban): Karnataka"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Registrar_General_and_Census_Commissioner_of_India" title="Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India">Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220622053806/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10255/download/13367/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-2900.XLSX">Archived</a> from the original on 22 June 2022. 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Retrieved 1 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economic+Times&rft.atitle=Bengaluru+airport+tops+in+perishable+exports+from+India+for+fourth+year&rft.date=2024-07-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feconomictimes.indiatimes.com%2Findustry%2Ftransportation%2Fairlines-%2F-aviation%2Fbengaluru-airport-tops-in-perishable-exports-from-india-for-fourth-year%2Farticleshow%2F111488708.cms%3Ffrom%3Dmdr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2022/Apr/28/rail-wheel-factoryto-supply-axles-for-indias-fastest-train--vande-bharat-express-2447306.html">"Rail Wheel Factory to supply axles for India's fastest train - Vande Bharat Express"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Indian_Express" title="The New Indian Express">The New Indian Express</a>. 28 April 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240524075948/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2022/Apr/28/rail-wheel-factoryto-supply-axles-for-indias-fastest-train--vande-bharat-express-2447306.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 May 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Rail+Wheel+Factory+to+supply+axles+for+India%27s+fastest+train+-+Vande+Bharat+Express&rft.date=2022-04-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newindianexpress.com%2Fcities%2Fbengaluru%2F2022%2FApr%2F28%2Frail-wheel-factoryto-supply-axles-for-indias-fastest-train--vande-bharat-express-2447306.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nti.org/learn/facilities/134/">"Bharat Electronics Limited"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210506125158/https://www.nti.org/learn/facilities/134/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2021. 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Retrieved 13 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bangalore+Water+Supply+and+Sewerage+Board&rft.atitle=BWSSB+Mission+Statement&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbwssb.org%2Fmission-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120303074533/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/nm2/Thirsty-Bangalore-invokes-god/Article1-6117.aspx">"Thirsty Bangalore invokes god"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hindustan_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hindustan Times">The Hindustan Times</a>. 9 June 2003. 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Retrieved 1 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=Sensation+of+Kempabudhi+Kare&rft.date=2024-05-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Findia-news%2Fthe-swimming-sensation-of-kempambudhi-kere-101715023978566.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Water-231">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Water_231-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Water_231-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Water_231-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bwssb.karnataka.gov.in/info-1/About+BWSSB/en">"About BWSSB"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Water_Supply_and_Sewerage_Board" title="Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board">Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240524234021/https://bwssb.karnataka.gov.in/info-1/About+BWSSB/en">Archived</a> from the original on 24 May 2024. 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Retrieved 27 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=water+shortage%3A+Water+crisis%3A+Is+Bengaluru+heading+for+Day+Zero%3F&rft.date=2018-02-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fbengaluru%2Fwater-crisis-is-bluru-heading-for-day-zero%2Farticleshow%2F62893432.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bengaluruurban.nic.in/en/department/karnataka-state-pollution-control-board/">"Karnataka State Pollution Control Board"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Karnataka" title="Government of Karnataka">Government of Karnataka</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230906051337/https://bengaluruurban.nic.in/en/department/karnataka-state-pollution-control-board/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 September 2023. 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Retrieved 8 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=India+Today&rft.atitle=Bangalore+Metro+misses+deadline+for+4th+time%2C+minister+sets+Sept+26+as+next+date&rft.date=2011-09-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findiatoday.intoday.in%2Fstory%2Fbangalore-metro-misses-deadline%2F1%2F151477.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-312"><a href="#cite_ref-312">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSastry2011" class="citation news cs1">Sastry, Anil Kumar (20 October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/south-indias-first-metro-flagged-off/article2554937.ece">"South India's first metro flagged off"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180124195748/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/south-indias-first-metro-flagged-off/article2554937.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2018. Retrieved 24 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=South+India%27s+first+metro+flagged+off&rft.date=2011-10-20&rft.aulast=Sastry&rft.aufirst=Anil+Kumar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fkarnataka%2Fsouth-indias-first-metro-flagged-off%2Farticle2554937.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-313"><a href="#cite_ref-313">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/indias-second-longest-metro-network-is-here/articleshow/99000463.cms">"India's second longest metro network is here"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Mirror" title="Bangalore Mirror">Bangalore Mirror</a>. 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Retrieved 26 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Chennai-Bengaluru+expressway%3A+14km+road+work+complete&rft.date=2023-01-26&rft.au=Shivakumar%2C+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newindianexpress.com%2Famp%2Fstory%2Fcities%2Fchennai%2F2023%2Fjan%2F26%2Fchennai-bengaluru-expressway-14km-road-work-complete-2541479.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-329"><a href="#cite_ref-329">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/bharatmala-2-0-to-focus-on-expressways-add-4000-km-greenfield-roads/articleshow/67617128.cms">"Bharatmala 2.0 to focus on expressways, add 4000 km greenfield roads"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200701144750/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/bharatmala-2-0-to-focus-on-expressways-add-4000-km-greenfield-roads/articleshow/67617128.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2020. 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Retrieved 14 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Urban+Floods%3A+Case+Study+of+Bangalore&rft.pub=Indian+Institute+of+Science&rft.aulast=Ramachandra&rft.aufirst=T.+V.&rft.au=Pradeep+P.+Mujumdar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ces.iisc.ernet.in%2Fenergy%2Fwater%2Fpaper%2Furbanfloods_bangalore%2Fprofile.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-345"><a href="#cite_ref-345">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/36-diesel-vehicles-exceed-national-limit-for-emissions-Study/articleshow/53851872.cms">"36% diesel vehicles exceed national limit for emissions: Study"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>. 25 August 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160825204433/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/36-diesel-vehicles-exceed-national-limit-for-emissions-Study/articleshow/53851872.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 25 August 2016. Retrieved 30 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=36%25+diesel+vehicles+exceed+national+limit+for+emissions%3A+Study&rft.date=2016-08-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fbengaluru%2F36-diesel-vehicles-exceed-national-limit-for-emissions-Study%2Farticleshow%2F53851872.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NDRF-346"><a href="#cite_ref-NDRF_346-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nirfindia.org/Rankings/2024/OverallRanking.html">Overall rankings</a> (Report). <a href="/wiki/National_Institutional_Ranking_Framework" title="National Institutional Ranking Framework">National Institutional Ranking Framework</a>. 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Retrieved 6 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yahoo&rft.atitle=Indian+metro+cities+with+the+highest+literacy+rates&rft.date=2012-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fin.finance.yahoo.com%2Fphotos%2Fmetro-cities-with-the-highest-literacy-rates-1350986528-slideshow%2Fmetro-cities-with-the-highest-literacy-rates-photo-1350986351.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-348"><a href="#cite_ref-348">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bengaluruurban.nic.in/en/demography/">"Bengaluru Urban, demography"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Karnataka" title="Government of Karnataka">Government of Karnataka</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240420004537/https://bengaluruurban.nic.in/en/demography/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2024. 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Retrieved 16 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Trimester+system+in+all+Karnataka+schools+from+1+June&rft.date=2004-05-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fbangalore%2FTrimester-system-in-all-Karnataka-schools-from-June-1%2Farticleshow%2F682256.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-353"><a href="#cite_ref-353">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBageshree2012" class="citation news cs1">Bageshree, S. 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Retrieved 1 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ESPNcricinfo&rft.atitle=Venkatesh+Prasad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espncricinfo.com%2Fcricketers%2Fvenkatesh-prasad-32345&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-398"><a href="#cite_ref-398">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/kl-rahul-422108">"KL Rahul"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ESPNcricinfo" title="ESPNcricinfo">ESPNcricinfo</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240521101655/https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/kl-rahul-422108">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ESPNcricinfo&rft.atitle=KL+Rahul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espncricinfo.com%2Fcricketers%2Fkl-rahul-422108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-399"><a href="#cite_ref-399">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/mayank-agarawal-398438">"Mayank Agarwal"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ESPNcricinfo" title="ESPNcricinfo">ESPNcricinfo</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241122010055/https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/mayank-agarawal-398438">Archived</a> from the original on 22 November 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ESPNcricinfo&rft.atitle=Mayank+Agarwal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espncricinfo.com%2Fcricketers%2Fmayank-agarawal-398438&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-400"><a href="#cite_ref-400">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/stuart-binny-27223">"Stuart Binny"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ESPNcricinfo" title="ESPNcricinfo">ESPNcricinfo</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240521022405/https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/stuart-binny-27223">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2024. Retrieved 1 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ESPNcricinfo&rft.atitle=Stuart+Binny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espncricinfo.com%2Fcricketers%2Fstuart-binny-27223&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-401"><a href="#cite_ref-401">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2024/Nov/14/karnataka-mini-olympics-starts-today">"Karnataka Mini Olympics starts today"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Indian_Express" title="The Indian Express">The Indian Express</a>. 14 November 2024. Retrieved 24 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Karnataka+Mini+Olympics+starts+today&rft.date=2024-11-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newindianexpress.com%2Fcities%2Fbengaluru%2F2024%2FNov%2F14%2Fkarnataka-mini-olympics-starts-today&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Hindustan_Times-402">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Hindustan_Times_402-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Hindustan_Times_402-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hindustantimes.com/indian-super-league-2017/sree-kanteerava-stadium-bengaluru/story-NQmxmhWJQ5m0uqpsUJTnHI.html">"Sree Kanteerava Stadium - Bengaluru"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hindustan_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="The Hindustan Times">The Hindustan Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171230070230/http://www.hindustantimes.com/indian-super-league-2017/sree-kanteerava-stadium-bengaluru/story-NQmxmhWJQ5m0uqpsUJTnHI.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 December 2017. Retrieved 1 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=Sree+Kanteerava+Stadium+-+Bengaluru&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Findian-super-league-2017%2Fsree-kanteerava-stadium-bengaluru%2Fstory-NQmxmhWJQ5m0uqpsUJTnHI.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-403"><a href="#cite_ref-403">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deccanherald.com/sports/football/football-stadium-lies-in-a-state-of-despair-3101968">"Bangalore Football Stadium lies in a state of despair"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Herald" title="Deccan Herald">Deccan Herald</a>. 9 July 2023. Retrieved 1 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deccan+Herald&rft.atitle=Bangalore+Football+Stadium+lies+in+a+state+of+despair&rft.date=2023-07-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deccanherald.com%2Fsports%2Ffootball%2Ffootball-stadium-lies-in-a-state-of-despair-3101968&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BFC-404">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BFC_404-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BFC_404-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BFC_404-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.the-aiff.com/club/8021">"Bengaluru Football Club"</a>. <a href="/wiki/All_India_Football_Federation" title="All India Football Federation">All India Football Federation</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230513031412/https://www.the-aiff.com/club/8021">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2023. Retrieved 13 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=All+India+Football+Federation&rft.atitle=Bengaluru+Football+Club&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.the-aiff.com%2Fclub%2F8021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FCB-405"><a href="#cite_ref-FCB_405-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/i-league/primus-opoku-to-lead-fcbus-challenge/articleshow/77944033.cms">"Primus, Opoku to lead FCBU's challenge"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a>. 5 September 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200905173851/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/football/i-league/primus-opoku-to-lead-fcbus-challenge/articleshow/77944033.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 5 September 2020. Retrieved 18 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Primus%2C+Opoku+to+lead+FCBU%27s+challenge&rft.date=2020-09-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fsports%2Ffootball%2Fi-league%2Fprimus-opoku-to-lead-fcbus-challenge%2Farticleshow%2F77944033.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-OFC-406">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OFC_406-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-OFC_406-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deccanherald.com/content/663604/ozone-releases-just-one-player.html">"Ozone releases just one player for Santosh Trophy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Herald" title="Deccan Herald">Deccan Herald</a>. 8 March 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220718142626/https://www.deccanherald.com/content/663604/ozone-releases-just-one-player.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 July 2022. Retrieved 18 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deccan+Herald&rft.atitle=Ozone+releases+just+one+player+for+Santosh+Trophy&rft.date=2018-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deccanherald.com%2Fcontent%2F663604%2Fozone-releases-just-one-player.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SFC-407">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SFC_407-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFC_407-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130103094928/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-19/top-stories/33272756_1_football-club-ksfa-president-ar-khaleel-bangalore">"Bangalore gets new pro football club"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_Of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="The Times Of India">The Times Of India</a>. 3 January 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-19/top-stories/33272756_1_football-club-ksfa-president-ar-khaleel-bangalore">the original</a> on 3 January 2013. Retrieved 18 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+Of+India&rft.atitle=Bangalore+gets+new+pro+football+club&rft.date=2013-01-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com%2F2012-08-19%2Ftop-stories%2F33272756_1_football-club-ksfa-president-ar-khaleel-bangalore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SCB-408">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SCB_408-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SCB_408-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.navhindtimes.in/2023/12/27/sports/dempo-sc-sc-bengaluru-share-spoils/">"Dempo SC, SC Bengaluru share spoils"</a>. The Navhind Times. 27 December 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231228160847/https://www.navhindtimes.in/2023/12/27/sports/dempo-sc-sc-bengaluru-share-spoils/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 December 2023. Retrieved 1 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Navhind+Times&rft.atitle=Dempo+SC%2C+SC+Bengaluru+share+spoils&rft.date=2023-12-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.navhindtimes.in%2F2023%2F12%2F27%2Fsports%2Fdempo-sc-sc-bengaluru-share-spoils%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-409"><a href="#cite_ref-409">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deccanherald.com/metrolife/metrolife-on-the-move/bengaluru-home-to-great-football-heroes-675404.html">"Bengaluru home to great football heroes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deccan_Herald" title="Deccan Herald">Deccan Herald</a>. 17 June 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220321081108/https://www.deccanherald.com/metrolife/metrolife-on-the-move/bengaluru-home-to-great-football-heroes-675404.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2022. Retrieved 21 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deccan+Herald&rft.atitle=Bengaluru+home+to+great+football+heroes&rft.date=2018-06-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deccanherald.com%2Fmetrolife%2Fmetrolife-on-the-move%2Fbengaluru-home-to-great-football-heroes-675404.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-410"><a href="#cite_ref-410">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKushala2002" class="citation web cs1">Kushala, S. 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Retrieved 27 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Do+we+need+one+more+stadium%3F&rft.date=2002-05-22&rft.aulast=Kushala&rft.aufirst=S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fbengaluru%2FDo-we-need-one-more-stadium-%2Farticleshow%2F10696192.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-411"><a href="#cite_ref-411">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/bangalore/others/stadiums-up-their-floor-price/articleshow/67948320.cms">"Stadiums up their floor price"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Mirror" title="Bangalore Mirror">Bangalore Mirror</a>. 12 February 2019. 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Retrieved 1 June 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=South+Asian+basketball+in+Bengaluru&rft.date=2015-06-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fsport%2Fother-sports%2Fsouth-asian-basketball-in-bengaluru%2Farticle7295426.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-413"><a href="#cite_ref-413">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160906142349/http://ekalavyas.com/2016/07/09/india-three-peat-as-saba-champs-and-qualify-to-the-fiba-asia-challenge/">"India three-peat as SABA Champs and qualify to the FIBA Asia Challenge"</a>. Ekalavyas. 9 July 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ekalavyas.com/2016/07/09/india-three-peat-as-saba-champs-and-qualify-to-the-fiba-asia-challenge/">the original</a> on 6 September 2016. Retrieved 12 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ekalavyas&rft.atitle=India+three-peat+as+SABA+Champs+and+qualify+to+the+FIBA+Asia+Challenge&rft.date=2016-07-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fekalavyas.com%2F2016%2F07%2F09%2Findia-three-peat-as-saba-champs-and-qualify-to-the-fiba-asia-challenge%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PBL-414">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PBL_414-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PBL_414-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/sport/other-sports/bengaluru-and-punjab-in-semifinals/article17389001.ece">"Bengaluru and Punjab in semifinals"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hindu" title="The Hindu">The Hindu</a>. 1 March 2017. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X">0971-751X</a>. Retrieved 11 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Bengaluru+and+Punjab+in+semifinals&rft.date=2017-03-01&rft.issn=0971-751X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fsport%2Fother-sports%2Fbengaluru-and-punjab-in-semifinals%2Farticle17389001.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-PKL-415">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PKL_415-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PKL_415-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2014/jul/21/bengaluru-bulls-gear-up-for-pro-kabbadi-league-638266.html">"Bengaluru Bulls gear up for Pro Kabbadi League"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Indian_Express" title="The New Indian Express">The New Indian Express</a>. 21 July 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220718141836/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2014/jul/21/Bengaluru-Bulls-gear-up-for-Pro-Kabbadi-League-638266.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 July 2022. Retrieved 18 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=Bengaluru+Bulls+gear+up+for+Pro+Kabbadi+League&rft.date=2014-07-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newindianexpress.com%2Fcities%2Fbengaluru%2F2014%2Fjul%2F21%2Fbengaluru-bulls-gear-up-for-pro-kabbadi-league-638266.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-416"><a href="#cite_ref-416">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sportstar.thehindu.com/kabaddi/pro-kabaddi-league-season-eight-to-begin-december-22-bengaluru/article37783126.ece">"PKL Season 8 to start on December 22 in Bengaluru"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Sportstar" title="Sportstar">Sportstar</a>. December 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220118182746/https://sportstar.thehindu.com/kabaddi/pro-kabaddi-league-season-eight-to-begin-december-22-bengaluru/article37783126.ece">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2022. Retrieved 17 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sportstar&rft.atitle=PKL+Season+8+to+start+on+December+22+in+Bengaluru&rft.date=2021-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsportstar.thehindu.com%2Fkabaddi%2Fpro-kabaddi-league-season-eight-to-begin-december-22-bengaluru%2Farticle37783126.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-417"><a href="#cite_ref-417">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atptour.com/">"Bangalore Open"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Tennis_Professionals" title="Association of Tennis Professionals">Association of Tennis Professionals</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021130161851/http://www.atptour.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2002. 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The Promise of the Metropolis: Bangalore's Twentieth Century (illustrated ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19566-725-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19566-725-7"><bdi>978-0-19566-725-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Promise+of+the+Metropolis%3A+Bangalore%27s+Twentieth+Century&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19566-725-7&rft.aulast=Nair&rft.aufirst=Janaki&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="TalkoftheTown" class="citation book cs1">Pinto, Jerry; Srivastava, Rahul (2008). Talk of the Town. Penguin Books India. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14333-013-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14333-013-4"><bdi>978-0-14333-013-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Talk+of+the+Town&rft.pub=Penguin+Books+India&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-14333-013-4&rft.aulast=Pinto&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rft.au=Srivastava%2C+Rahul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlunkett2001" class="citation book cs1">Plunkett, Richard (2001). South India. <a href="/wiki/Lonely_Planet" title="Lonely Planet">Lonely Planet</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86450-161-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86450-161-2"><bdi>978-1-86450-161-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=South+India&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-86450-161-2&rft.aulast=Plunkett&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPunekar1974" class="citation book cs1">Punekar, Vijaya B. (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SB3_VodABdIC&pg=PA54">Assimilation: A Study of North Indians in Bangalore</a>. Popular Prakashan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8-17154-012-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-8-17154-012-9"><bdi>978-8-17154-012-9</bdi></a>. Retrieved 4 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Assimilation%3A+A+Study+of+North+Indians+in+Bangalore&rft.pub=Popular+Prakashan&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=978-8-17154-012-9&rft.aulast=Punekar&rft.aufirst=Vijaya+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSB3_VodABdIC%26pg%3DPA54&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="bm" class="citation book cs1">Raman, A. (1994). Bangalore — Mysore (illustrated ed.). <a href="/wiki/Orient_Blackswan" title="Orient Blackswan">Orient Blackswan</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86311-431-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86311-431-1"><bdi>978-0-86311-431-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bangalore+%E2%80%94+Mysore&rft.edition=illustrated&rft.pub=Orient+Blackswan&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-86311-431-1&rft.aulast=Raman&rft.aufirst=A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="mg" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/C._Hayavadana_Rao" title="C. Hayavadana Rao">Rao, C. Hayavadana</a> (1929). The Mysore State Gazetteer.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mysore+State+Gazetteer&rft.date=1929&rft.aulast=Rao&rft.aufirst=C.+Hayavadana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarma1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Inguva_Kartikeya_Sarma" title="Inguva Kartikeya Sarma">Sarma, I.K.</a> (1992). Temples of the Gangas of Karnataka. Archaeological Survey of India. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19560-686-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19560-686-7"><bdi>978-0-19560-686-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Temples+of+the+Gangas+of+Karnataka&rft.pub=Archaeological+Survey+of+India&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-19560-686-7&rft.aulast=Sarma&rft.aufirst=I.K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Sri2004" class="citation book cs1">Srinivas, Smriti (2004). Landscapes of Urban Memory: The Sacred and the Civic in India's High-tech City (revised ed.). <a href="/wiki/Orient_Blackswan" title="Orient Blackswan">Orient Blackswan</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8-12502-254-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-8-12502-254-1"><bdi>978-8-12502-254-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Landscapes+of+Urban+Memory%3A+The+Sacred+and+the+Civic+in+India%27s+High-tech+City&rft.edition=revised&rft.pub=Orient+Blackswan&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-8-12502-254-1&rft.aulast=Srinivas&rft.aufirst=Smriti&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArchaeological_Survey_of_India" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Survey_of_India" title="Archaeological Survey of India">Archaeological Survey of India</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.22764/page/n1/mode/1up">"Annual Report of the Archaeological researches in Mysore during the year 1914–15"</a>. New Delhi: Central Archaeological Library.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+Report+of+the+Archaeological+researches+in+Mysore+during+the+year+1914%E2%80%9315&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Central+Archaeological+Library&rft.au=Archaeological+Survey+of+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fin.gov.ignca.22764%2Fpage%2Fn1%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="EdgarThurston" class="citation book cs1">Thurston, Edgar; Rangachari, K. (1993). Castes and tribes of southern India. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788120602885" title="Special:BookSources/9788120602885"><bdi>9788120602885</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Castes+and+tribes+of+southern+India&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Asian+Educational+Services&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9788120602885&rft.aulast=Thurston&rft.aufirst=Edgar&rft.au=Rangachari%2C+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="MysoreGazetteer" class="citation book cs1">Rice, B. Lewis (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mysoregazetteerc0000rice">Mysore : a gazetteer compiled for government</a>. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8120609778" title="Special:BookSources/978-8120609778"><bdi>978-8120609778</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mysore+%3A+a+gazetteer+compiled+for+government.&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Asian+Educational+Services&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-8120609778&rft.aulast=Rice&rft.aufirst=B.+Lewis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmysoregazetteerc0000rice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="BurtonStein" class="citation book cs1">Stein, Burton (1989). <a href="/wiki/The_New_Cambridge_History_of_India" title="The New Cambridge History of India">The New Cambridge History of India</a>. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-26693-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-26693-2"><bdi>978-0-521-26693-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Cambridge+History+of+India.&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+Univ.+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-521-26693-2&rft.aulast=Stein&rft.aufirst=Burton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHasan1970" class="citation book cs1">Hasan, Fazlul (1970). Bangalore Through The Centuries. Bangalore: Historical Publications.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bangalore+Through+The+Centuries&rft.place=Bangalore&rft.pub=Historical+Publications&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Hasan&rft.aufirst=Fazlul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVagale2004" class="citation thesis cs1">Vagale, Uday Kumar (6 May 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9941">Public Space in Bangalore: Present and Future Projections</a> (Thesis). Virginia Tech. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10919%2F9941">10919/9941</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120605195117/http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05172004-231956/unrestricted/4.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 5 June 2012. Retrieved 26 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Public+Space+in+Bangalore%3A+Present+and+Future+Projections&rft.inst=Virginia+Tech&rft.date=2004-05-06&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10919%2F9941&rft.aulast=Vagale&rft.aufirst=Uday+Kumar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F10919%2F9941&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"> (792 kB). Digital Libraries and Archives. 2006. Virginia Tech. 27 April 2004.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyerBurnCottonRisley2006" class="citation book cs1">Meyer, William Stevenson; Burn, Richard; Cotton, James Sutherland; Risley, Herbert Hope (2006) [1909]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/">The Imperial Gazetteer of India</a>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Clarendon_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Clarendon Press">Clarendon Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Imperial+Gazetteer+of+India&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=William+Stevenson&rft.au=Burn%2C+Richard&rft.au=Cotton%2C+James+Sutherland&rft.au=Risley%2C+Herbert+Hope&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdsal.uchicago.edu%2Freference%2Fgazetteer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Bangalore">"Bangalore" </a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 315.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bangalore&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=315&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABengaluru" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bdabangalore.org/">Official website of Bangalore Development Authority</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/51705">Bengaluru</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ucblibraries.summon.serialssolutions.com/#!/search?ho=t&l=en&q=Bangalore">Bengaluru</a> web resources provided by GovPubs at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Colorado_Boulder_Libraries" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Colorado Boulder Libraries">University of Colorado Boulder Libraries</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/7902476">Bengaluru</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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.navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bengaluru_topics" title="Template:Bengaluru topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bengaluru_topics" title="Template talk:Bengaluru topics"><abbr title="Discuss 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class="mw-redirect" title="Hoysala Empire">Hoysalas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadambas" class="mw-redirect" title="Kadambas">Kadambas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kempe_Gowda" class="mw-redirect" title="Kempe Gowda">Kempe Gowda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mysore" title="Kingdom of Mysore">Kingdom of Mysore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtrakuta" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashtrakuta">Rashtrakutas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagara_Empire" title="Vijayanagara Empire">Vijayanagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Ganga_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Ganga Dynasty">Western Gangas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tippu_Sultan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tippu Sultan">Tippu Sultan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bengaluru_geography_and_environment" title="Bengaluru geography and environment">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_Plateau" class="mw-redirect" title="Mysore Plateau">Mysore Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodda_Alada_Mara" title="Dodda Alada Mara">Dodda Alada Mara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turahalli_Forest" title="Turahalli Forest">Turahalli Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandi_Hills,_India" title="Nandi Hills, India">Nandi Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodachadri" title="Kodachadri">Kodachadri Hills</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Lakes28" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Lakes_in_Bengaluru" title="Lakes in Bengaluru">Lakes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agara_Lake" title="Agara Lake">Agara Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arekere_Lake" title="Arekere Lake">Arekere Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellandur_Lake" title="Bellandur Lake">Bellandur Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebbal_Lake,_Bengaluru" title="Hebbal Lake, Bengaluru">Hebbal lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesaraghatta_Lake" title="Hesaraghatta Lake">Hesaraghatta Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madivala_tank" class="mw-redirect" title="Madivala tank">Madivala tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puttenahalli_Lake_(JP_Nagar)" title="Puttenahalli Lake (JP Nagar)">Puttenahalli Lake (JP Nagar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puttenahalli_Lake_(Yelahanka)" title="Puttenahalli Lake (Yelahanka)">Puttenahalli Lake (Yelahanka)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankey_tank" title="Sankey tank">Sankey tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarakki_lake" title="Sarakki lake">Sarakki lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varthur_Lake" class="mw-redirect" title="Varthur Lake">Varthur Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vibhutipura_Lake" title="Vibhutipura Lake">Vibhutipura Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yelahanka_Lake" title="Yelahanka Lake">Yelahanka Lake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civil administration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Agenda_Task_Force" title="Bangalore Agenda Task Force">Bangalore Agenda Task Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengaluru_City_Police" title="Bengaluru City Police">City Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Development_Authority" title="Bangalore Development Authority">Bangalore Development Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Metropolitan_Region_Development_Authority" title="Bangalore Metropolitan Region Development Authority">Metropolitan Region Development Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRAI_Bangalore_Regional_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="TRAI Bangalore Regional Office">TRAI Bangalore Regional Office</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Municipal elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1989_Bangalore_Municipal_Corporation_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1989 Bangalore Municipal Corporation election">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Bangalore_Municipal_Corporation_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1996 Bangalore Municipal Corporation election">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Bangalore_Mahanagara_Palike_election" title="2001 Bangalore Mahanagara Palike election">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Bruhat_Bengaluru_Mahanagara_Palike_election" title="2010 Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike election">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Bruhat_Bengaluru_Mahanagara_Palike_election" title="2015 Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike election">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Bruhat_Bengaluru_Mahanagara_Palike_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike election">2022</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bruhat_Bengaluru_Mahanagara_Palike" title="Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike">Municipal Corporation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruhat_Bengaluru_Mahanagara_Palike" title="Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike">Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Bengaluru" title="List of mayors of Bengaluru">Mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wards_in_Bengaluru" class="mw-redirect" title="List of wards in Bengaluru">List of wards in Bengaluru</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Wards47" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Bengaluru" title="Administrative divisions of Bengaluru">Wards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yelahanka_Ward" title="Yelahanka Ward">Yelahanka Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chowdeshwari_Ward" title="Chowdeshwari Ward">Chowdeshwari Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attur_Ward" title="Attur Ward">Attur Ward</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Defunct49" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Bengaluru" title="Administrative divisions of Bengaluru">Defunct</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wards_in_Bangalore_(1989%E2%80%931995)" title="List of wards in Bangalore (1989–1995)">1989–1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wards_in_Bangalore_(1995%E2%80%932006)" title="List of wards in Bangalore (1995–2006)">1995–2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wards_in_Bangalore_(2009%E2%80%932023)" title="List of wards in Bangalore (2009–2023)">2009–2023</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attara_Kacheri" title="Attara Kacheri">Attara Kacheri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengaluru_Palace" title="Bengaluru Palace">Bengaluru Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Town_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore Town Hall">Bangalore Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Central_Prison" title="Bangalore Central Prison">Central Prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Chinnaswamy_Stadium" title="M. Chinnaswamy Stadium">Chinnaswamy Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daly_Memorial_Hall" title="Daly Memorial Hall">Daly Memorial Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnataka_High_Court" title="Karnataka High Court">Karnataka High Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K._R._Market" title="K. R. Market">K. R. Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehru_Planetarium" title="Nehru Planetarium">Nehru Planetarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Utility_Building,_Bengaluru" title="Public Utility Building, Bengaluru">Utility Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidhana_Soudha" title="Vidhana Soudha">Vidhana Soudha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visvesvaraya_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Visvesvaraya Museum">Visvesvaraya Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_Bengaluru" title="World Trade Center Bengaluru">World Trade Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kempegowda_International_Airport" title="Kempegowda International Airport">Kempegowda International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HAL_Airport" title="HAL Airport">HAL Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_City_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore City railway station">Bangalore City railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengaluru_Cantonment_railway_station" title="Bengaluru Cantonment railway station">Bengaluru Cantonment railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yesvantpur_Junction_railway_station" title="Yesvantpur Junction railway station">Yesvantpur Junction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnarajapuram_railway_station" title="Krishnarajapuram railway station">Krishnarajapuram railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_M._Visvesvaraya_Terminal" title="Sir M. Visvesvaraya Terminal">Sir M. Visvesvaraya Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengaluru_Commuter_Rail" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengaluru Commuter Rail">Bengaluru Commuter Rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namma_Metro" title="Namma Metro">Namma Metro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Metropolitan_Transport_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation">Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kempegowda_Bus_Station" title="Kempegowda Bus Station">Kempegowda Bus Station</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/100_Feet_Road,_Bengaluru" title="100 Feet Road, Bengaluru">100 Feet Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avenue_Road,_Bengaluru" title="Avenue Road, Bengaluru">Avenue Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_87_(Karnataka)" title="State Highway 87 (Karnataka)">Bannerghatta Road</a> (SH 87)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigade_Road" title="Brigade Road">Brigade Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Street,_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Church Street, Bangalore">Church Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunningham_Road,_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Cunningham Road, Bangalore">Cunningham Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosur_Road" title="Hosur Road">Hosur Road</a> (NH 7)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Ring_Road,_Bengaluru" title="Inner Ring Road, Bengaluru">Inner Ring Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J_C_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="J C Road">J C Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasturba_Road,_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Kasturba Road, Bangalore">Kasturba Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavelle_Road" title="Lavelle Road">Lavelle Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M_G_Road,_Bengaluru" title="M G Road, Bengaluru">M.G. Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Highway_17_(Karnataka)" title="State Highway 17 (Karnataka)">Mysore Road</a> (SH 17)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_-_Mysore_Infrastructure_Corridor" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore - Mysore Infrastructure Corridor">NICE Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Airport_Road,_Bengaluru" title="Old Airport Road, Bengaluru">Old Airport Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outer_Ring_Road,_Bengaluru" title="Outer Ring Road, Bengaluru">Outer Ring Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peripheral_Ring_Road" title="Peripheral Ring Road">Peripheral Ring Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tannery_Road" title="Tannery Road">Tannery Road</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Places_of_worship_in_Bengaluru" title="Places of worship in Bengaluru">Places of worship</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basavanagudi_Nandi_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Basavanagudi Nandi Temple">Bull Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodda_Ganesha_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Dodda Ganesha Temple">Dodda Ganesha Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gavi_Gangadhareshwara_Temple" title="Gavi Gangadhareshwara Temple">Gavi Gangadhareshwara Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jnanakshi_Rajarajeshwari_Temple" title="Jnanakshi Rajarajeshwari Temple">Jnanakshi Rajarajeshwari Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halasuru_Someshwara_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Halasuru Someshwara Temple">Halasuru Someshwara Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISKCON_Temple_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="ISKCON Temple Bangalore">ISKCON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kote_Jalakantheshwara_temple" title="Kote Jalakantheshwara temple">Kote Jalakantheshwara temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kote_Venkataramana_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Kote Venkataramana Temple">Kote Venkataramana Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naganatheshwara_temple,_Begur" class="mw-redirect" title="Naganatheshwara temple, Begur">Naganatheshwara Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragigudda_Anjaneya_temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Ragigudda Anjaneya temple">Ragigudda Anjaneya Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranganathaswamy_Temple,_Bengaluru" title="Ranganathaswamy Temple, Bengaluru">Ranganathaswamy Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Mary%27s_Basilica,_Bengaluru" title="St. Mary's Basilica, Bengaluru">St. Mary's Basilica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Periodic_events15" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Periodic events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Fashion_Week" title="Bangalore Fashion Week">Bangalore Fashion Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengaluru_International_Film_Festival" title="Bengaluru International Film Festival">Bengaluru International Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Karaga" title="Bangalore Karaga">Bangalore Karaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Habba" title="Japan Habba">Japan Habba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Cinemas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Karnataka" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Karnataka">Kannada films</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Raptors" title="Bangalore Raptors">Bangalore Raptors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengaluru_Bulls" title="Bengaluru Bulls">Bengaluru Bulls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengaluru_FC" title="Bengaluru FC">Bengaluru FC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Challengers_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Challengers Bangalore">Royal Challengers Bangalore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Bengaluru" title="Bibliography of Bengaluru">Bibliography of Bengaluru</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Agenda_Task_Force" title="Bangalore Agenda Task Force">Bangalore Agenda Task Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_IT.in" title="Bangalore IT.in">Bangalore IT.in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Linux_User_Group" title="Bangalore Linux User Group">Linux User Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birdwatchers%27_Field_Club_of_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Birdwatchers' Field Club of Bangalore">Birdwatchers' Field Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bannerghatta_Biological_Park" title="Bannerghatta Biological Park">Bannerghatta Biological Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugle_Rock" title="Bugle Rock">Bugle Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubbon_Park" title="Cubbon Park">Cubbon Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Park,_Bengaluru" title="Freedom Park, Bengaluru">Freedom Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lal_Bagh" title="Lal Bagh">Lal Bagh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Localities110" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Localities</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North Bengaluru</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbigere" title="Abbigere">Abbigere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babusapalya" title="Babusapalya">Babusapalya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagalur,_Bangalore_Urban" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagalur, Bangalore Urban">Bagalur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banaswadi" title="Banaswadi">Banaswadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chikkabanavara" title="Chikkabanavara">Chikkabanavara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devara_Jeevanahalli" title="Devara Jeevanahalli">Devara Jeevanahalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dollars_Colony" title="Dollars Colony">Dollars Colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganganagar,_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganganagar, Bangalore">Ganganagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebbal,_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebbal, Bangalore">Hebbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horamavu" title="Horamavu">Horamavu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunasamaranahalli" title="Hunasamaranahalli">Hunasamaranahalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalahalli" title="Jalahalli">Jalahalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakkur" title="Jakkur">Jakkur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalkere" title="Kalkere">Kalkere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalyan_Nagar" title="Kalyan Nagar">Kalyan Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kammanahalli" title="Kammanahalli">Kammanahalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodigehalli" title="Kodigehalli">Kodigehalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kothnur" title="Kothnur">Kothnur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingarajapuram" title="Lingarajapuram">Lingarajapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariyannapalya" title="Mariyannapalya">Mariyannapalya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathikere" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathikere">Mathikere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathkur" title="Mathkur">Mathkur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muthyalanagar" title="Muthyalanagar">Muthyalanagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._T._Nagar" title="R. T. Nagar">R. T. Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramachandrapura" title="Ramachandrapura">Ramachandrapura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadashivanagar" title="Sadashivanagar">Sadashivanagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahakara_Nagar" title="Sahakara Nagar">Sahakara Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjaynagar" title="Sanjaynagar">Sanjaynagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thanisandra" title="Thanisandra">Thanisandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thindlu" title="Thindlu">Thindlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidyaranyapura" title="Vidyaranyapura">Vidyaranyapura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yelahanka" title="Yelahanka">Yelahanka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West Bengaluru</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basaveshwaranagar" class="mw-redirect" title="Basaveshwaranagar">Basaveshwaranagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharathnagar" title="Bharathnagar">Bharathnagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dasarahalli" title="Dasarahalli">Dasarahalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herohalli" title="Herohalli">Herohalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamakshipalya" title="Kamakshipalya">Kamakshipalya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kengeri" title="Kengeri">Kengeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbalgodu" title="Kumbalgodu">Kumbalgodu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahalakshmi_Layout" title="Mahalakshmi Layout">Mahalakshmi Layout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milk_Colony" title="Milk Colony">Milk Colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagarbhavi" title="Nagarbhavi">Nagarbhavi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nandini_Layout" title="Nandini Layout">Nandini Layout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nayandahalli" title="Nayandahalli">Nayandahalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peenya" title="Peenya">Peenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajajinagar" title="Rajajinagar">Rajajinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajarajeshwari_Nagar,_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajarajeshwari Nagar, Bangalore">Rajarajeshwari Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ullalu" title="Ullalu">Ullalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayanagar,_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Vijayanagar, Bangalore">Vijayanagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malleswaram" class="mw-redirect" title="Malleswaram">Malleswaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_Guttahalli" title="Palace Guttahalli">Palace Guttahalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyalikaval" title="Vyalikaval">Vyalikaval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeswanthpur" title="Yeswanthpur">Yeswanthpur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central Bengaluru</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Town" class="mw-redirect" title="Austin Town">Austin Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Cantonment" title="Bangalore Cantonment">Bangalore Cantonment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Central_Business_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore Central Business District">Bangalore Central Business District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengaluru_Pete" title="Bengaluru Pete">Bengaluru Pete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamrajpet" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamrajpet">Chamarajapet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chickpet" title="Chickpet">Chickpet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_Nagar,_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Gandhi Nagar, Bangalore">Gandhinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richmond_Town,_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Richmond Town, Bangalore">Richmond Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seshadripuram" title="Seshadripuram">Seshadripuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shivajinagar,_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Shivajinagar, Bangalore">Shivajinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasanth_Nagar" title="Vasanth Nagar">Vasanth Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivek_Nagar" title="Vivek Nagar">Vivek Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_Garden" title="Wilson Garden">Wilson Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooke_Town" title="Cooke Town">Cooke Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cox_Town,_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Cox Town, Bangalore">Cox Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fraser_Town,_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Fraser Town, Bangalore">Frazer Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adugodi" title="Adugodi">Adugodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halasuru" class="mw-redirect" title="Halasuru">Halasuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murphy_Town,_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Murphy Town, Bangalore">Murphy Town</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East Bengaluru</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baiyyappanahalli" title="Baiyyappanahalli">Baiyyappanahalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belathur" title="Belathur">Belathur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellandur" title="Bellandur">Bellandur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binnamangala_Manavarthe_Kaval" title="Binnamangala Manavarthe Kaval">B. M. Kaval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brookefield" title="Brookefield">Brookefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CV_Raman_Nagar" title="CV Raman Nagar">CV Raman Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domlur" title="Domlur">Domlur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dommasandra,_Bangalore_Urban" class="mw-redirect" title="Dommasandra, Bangalore Urban">Dommasandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ejipura" title="Ejipura">Ejipura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garudacharpalya" title="Garudacharpalya">Garudacharpalya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._M._Palya" title="G. M. Palya">G. M. Palya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoodi" title="Hoodi">Hoodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immadihalli" title="Immadihalli">Immadihalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiranagar,_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Indiranagar, Bangalore">Indiranagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeevanbheemanagar" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeevanbheemanagar">Jeevan Bhima Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadugodi" title="Kadugodi">Kadugodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaggadasapura" title="Kaggadasapura">Kaggadasapura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodihalli,_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Kodihalli, Bangalore">Kodihalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koramangala" title="Koramangala">Koramangala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishnarajapuram" title="Krishnarajapuram">Krishnarajapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundalahalli" title="Kundalahalli">Kundalahalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahadevapura" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahadevapura">Mahadevapura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathahalli" title="Marathahalli">Marathahalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murugeshpalya" title="Murugeshpalya">Murugeshpalya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varthur" title="Varthur">Varthur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vimanapura" title="Vimanapura">Vimanapura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitefield,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitefield, India">Whitefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemalur" title="Yemalur">Yemalur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramamurthy_Nagar" title="Ramamurthy Nagar">Ramamurthy Nagar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Bengaluru</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agara,_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Agara, Bangalore">Agara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ananthnagar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ananthnagar">Ananthnagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anjanapura" title="Anjanapura">Anjanapura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arekere" title="Arekere">Arekere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banashankari" title="Banashankari">Banashankari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basavanagudi" title="Basavanagudi">Basavanagudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Begur,_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Begur, Bangalore">Begur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilekahalli" title="Bilekahalli">Bilekahalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bommanahalli" title="Bommanahalli">Bommanahalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bommasandra" title="Bommasandra">Bommasandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BTM_Layout" title="BTM Layout">BTM Layout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmelaram" title="Carmelaram">Carmelaram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandapura" title="Chandapura">Chandapura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chikkalasandra" title="Chikkalasandra">Chikkalasandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_City" title="Electronic City">Electronic City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girinagar" title="Girinagar">Girinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gottigere" title="Gottigere">Gottigere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanumanthanagar,_Bengaluru" title="Hanumanthanagar, Bengaluru">Hanumanthanagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebbagodi" title="Hebbagodi">Hebbagodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSR_Layout" title="HSR Layout">HSR Layout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulimavu" title="Hulimavu">Hulimavu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ittamadu" title="Ittamadu">Ittamadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayanagar,_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Jayanagar, Bangalore">Jayanagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jigani" title="Jigani">Jigani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayaprakash_Nagar,_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Jayaprakash Nagar, Bangalore">J. P. Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaggalipura" title="Kaggalipura">Kaggalipura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konanakunte" title="Konanakunte">Konanakunte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konappana_Agrahara" title="Konappana Agrahara">Konappana Agrahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumaraswamy_Layout" title="Kumaraswamy Layout">Kumaraswamy Layout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madiwala" title="Madiwala">Madiwala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padmanabhanagar" title="Padmanabhanagar">Padmanabhanagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puttenahalli" title="Puttenahalli">Puttenahalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shikaripalya" title="Shikaripalya">Shikaripalya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singasandra" title="Singasandra">Singasandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suddaguntepalya" title="Suddaguntepalya">Suddaguntepalya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramanjaneyanagar" title="Ramanjaneyanagar">Ramanjaneyanagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taverekere" class="mw-redirect" title="Taverekere">Taverekere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyagarajanagar" title="Thyagarajanagar">Thyagarajanagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uttarahalli" title="Uttarahalli">Uttarahalli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Institutions59" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Institutions</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="List of schools in Bangalore">List of schools in Bangalore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_International_School" title="Bangalore International School">Bangalore International School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_Cotton_Boys%27_School" title="Bishop Cotton Boys' School">Bishop Cotton Boys' School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldwin_Boys_High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Baldwin Boys High School">Baldwin Boys High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendriya_Vidyalaya_Hebbal" class="mw-redirect" title="Kendriya Vidyalaya Hebbal">KV Hebbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallya_Aditi_International_School" title="Mallya Aditi International School">Mallya Aditi International School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Public_School,_Indiranagar" title="National Public School, Indiranagar">National Public School, Indiranagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Joseph%27s_Indian_High_School" title="St. Joseph's Indian High School">St. Joseph's Indian High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St.Germain_High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="St.Germain High School">St.Germain High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venkat_International_Public_School" title="Venkat International Public School">Venkat International Public School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Higher education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bangalore_colleges" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Bangalore colleges">List of Bangalore colleges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acharya_Institute_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Acharya Institute of Technology">Acharya Institute of Technology</a></li> <li>Al-Ameen College of Law</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_University" title="Bangalore University">Bangalore University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Institute_of_Technology" title="Bangalore Institute of Technology">Bangalore Institute of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Medical_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore Medical College">Bangalore Medical College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B.M.S._College_of_Engineering" title="B.M.S. College of Engineering">B.M.S. College of Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_University" title="Christ University">Christ University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayananda_Sagar_College_of_Engineering" title="Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering">Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Astrophysics" title="Indian Institute of Astrophysics">Indian Institute of Astrophysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Management_Bangalore" title="Indian Institute of Management Bangalore">Indian Institute of Management Bangalore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Science" title="Indian Institute of Science">Indian Institute of Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Statistical_Institute" title="Indian Statistical Institute">Indian Statistical Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Institute_of_Information_Technology_-_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="International Institute of Information Technology - Bangalore">International Institute of Information Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Fashion_Technology" title="National Institute of Fashion Technology">National Institute of Fashion Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Law_School_of_India_University" title="National Law School of India University">National Law School of India University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_College,_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="National College, Bangalore">National College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Development_of_Advanced_Computing" title="Centre for Development of Advanced Computing">National Centre for Software Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._V._College_of_Engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="R. V. College of Engineering">Rashtreeya Vidyalaya College of Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_M_Visvesvaraya_Institute_Of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir M Visvesvaraya Institute Of Technology">Sir M Visvesvaraya Institute Of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Agricultural_Sciences,_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore">University of Agricultural Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UVCE" class="mw-redirect" title="UVCE">University Visvesvaraya College of Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xavier_Institute_of_Management_and_Entrepreneurship" title="Xavier Institute of Management and Entrepreneurship">Xavier Institute of Management and Entrepreneurship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hospitals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Hospitals" title="Apollo Hospitals">Apollo Hospitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowring_%26_Lady_Curzon_Hospitals" title="Bowring & Lady Curzon Hospitals">Bowring & Lady Curzon Hospitals</a></li> <li>Fortis Hospitals</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HOSMAT" title="HOSMAT">HOSMAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi_Institute_of_Child_Health,_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bangalore">Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidwai_Memorial_Institute_of_Oncology" title="Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology">Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minto_eye_hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Minto eye hospital">Minto eye hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayana_Hrudayalaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Narayana Hrudayalaya">Narayana Hrudayalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Centre_for_Biological_Sciences" title="National Centre for Biological Sciences">NCBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Mental_Health_and_Neurosciences" title="National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences">NIMHANS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjay_Gandhi_Institute_of_Trauma_and_Orthopaedics" title="Sanjay Gandhi Institute of Trauma and Orthopaedics">Sanjay Gandhi Institute of Trauma and Orthopaedics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDS_Tuberculosis_Sanatorium" title="SDS Tuberculosis Sanatorium">SDS Tuberculosis Sanatorium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Medical_College" title="St. John's Medical College">St. John's Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanivilas_Women_and_Children_Hospital" title="Vanivilas Women and Children Hospital">Vanivilas Women and Children Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Hospital_(Bangalore_Medical_College)" title="Victoria Hospital (Bangalore Medical College)">Victoria Hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bangalore_telecom_companies" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Bangalore telecom companies">List of Bangalore telecom companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Aeronautics_Limited" title="Hindustan Aeronautics Limited">Hindustan Aeronautics Limited</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/16px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/24px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/fd/Portal-puzzle.svg/32px-Portal-puzzle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Bengaluru" title="Portal:Bengaluru">Bengaluru portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Bengaluru" title="List of people from Bengaluru">Famous people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengaluru_Central_Business_District" title="Bengaluru Central Business District">Central business district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangalore_Rural_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore Rural District">Bangalore Rural District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley#Technology_centers_internationally" title="Silicon Valley">List of cities known as Silicon Valleys</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tourist_attractions_in_Bengaluru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tourist attractions in Bengaluru (page does not exist)">Tourist attractions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakes_in_Bengaluru" title="Lakes in Bengaluru">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Chola_temples_in_Bengaluru" title="List of Chola temples in Bengaluru">Chola temples in Bengaluru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Bengaluru" title="Economy of Bengaluru">Economy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Places_adjacent_to_Bengaluru28" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_Bengaluru28" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to Bengaluru</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" />Bangalore<img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a></td> <td></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_related_to_Bengaluru96" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Articles_related_to_Bengaluru96" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles related to Bengaluru</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="File:Gnome-globe.svg_Geographic_locale142" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="File:Gnome-globe.svg_Geographic_locale142" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/File:Gnome-globe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/48px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/72px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/96px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a> Geographic locale</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Lat. and Long.</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bengaluru&params=12_58_44_N_77_35_30_E_">12°58′44″N 77°35′30″E / 12.97889°N 77.59167°E / 12.97889; 77.59167</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Populated_places_in_Bengaluru_Urban_district98" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bengaluru_Urban_district" title="Template:Bengaluru Urban district"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bengaluru_Urban_district" title="Template talk:Bengaluru Urban district"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bengaluru_Urban_district" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bengaluru Urban district"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Populated_places_in_Bengaluru_Urban_district98" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Populated places in <a href="/wiki/Bengaluru_Urban_district" title="Bengaluru Urban district">Bengaluru Urban district</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em;">Cities and towns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anekal" title="Anekal">Anekal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attibele" title="Attibele">Attibele</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bengaluru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Begur,_Bengaluru" title="Begur, Bengaluru">Begur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chikkabanavara" title="Chikkabanavara">Chikkabanavara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herohalli" title="Herohalli">Herohalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kothnur" title="Kothnur">Kothnur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbalgodu" title="Kumbalgodu">Kumbalgodu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maragondahalli" title="Maragondahalli">Maragondahalli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.1em;">Villages and settlements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Medihalli" title="A Medihalli">A Medihalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbigere" title="Abbigere">Abbigere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adakamaranahalli,_Bengaluru" title="Adakamaranahalli, Bengaluru">Adakamaranahalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adiganahalli,_Bengaluru_Urban_district" title="Adiganahalli, Bengaluru Urban district">Adiganahalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adigarakallahalli" title="Adigarakallahalli">Adigarakallahalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adigondanahalli" title="Adigondanahalli">Adigondanahalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adur,_Anekal" title="Adur, Anekal">Adur, Anekal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adur,_Bengaluru_South" title="Adur, Bengaluru South">Adur, Bengaluru South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agasa_Thimmanahalli" title="Agasa Thimmanahalli">Agasa Thimmanahalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrahara_Palya" title="Agrahara Palya">Agrahara Palya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajjanahalli,_Bengaluru_South" title="Ajjanahalli, Bengaluru South">Ajjanahalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alahalli" title="Alahalli">Alahalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Bommasandra" title="Ali Bommasandra">Ali Bommasandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amani_Doddakere" title="Amani Doddakere">Amani Doddakere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andapura" title="Andapura">Andapura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aravantigepura" title="Aravantigepura">Aravantigepura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badamanavarthekaval" title="Badamanavarthekaval">Badamanavarthekaval</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baiyyappanahalli,_Bangalore_East&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baiyyappanahalli, Bangalore East (page does not exist)">Baiyyappanahalli</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baiyyappanahalli,_Bangalore_North&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baiyyappanahalli, Bangalore North (page does not exist)">Baiyyappanahalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belathur" title="Belathur">Belathur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettadasanapura" title="Bettadasanapura">Bettadasanapura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettahalasur" title="Bettahalasur">Bettahalasur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channasandra" title="Channasandra">Channasandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chikkajala" title="Chikkajala">Chikkajala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dommasandra" title="Dommasandra">Dommasandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulakamale" title="Gulakamale">Gulakamale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honnasandra" title="Honnasandra">Honnasandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaggalipura" title="Kaggalipura">Kaggalipura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konappana_Agrahara" title="Konappana Agrahara">Konappana Agrahara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kugur" title="Kugur">Kugur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madanaiyakanahalli" title="Madanaiyakanahalli">Madanaiyakanahalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariyannapalya" title="Mariyannapalya">Mariyannapalya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathkur" title="Mathkur">Mathkur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayanaghatta" title="Narayanaghatta">Narayanaghatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neralur" title="Neralur">Neralur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neriga" title="Neriga">Neriga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punugumarana_Halli" title="Punugumarana Halli">Punugumarana Halli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarjapura" title="Sarjapura">Sarjapura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sathanur,_Bengaluru" title="Sathanur, Bengaluru">Sathanur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shettihalli" title="Shettihalli">Shettihalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sondekoppa" title="Sondekoppa">Sondekoppa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thindlu" title="Thindlu">Thindlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ullalu" title="Ullalu">Ullalu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemalur" title="Yemalur">Yemalur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Schools_in_Bangalore594" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#00559f; color:#ffffff; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #fbb714, inset -2px -2px 0 #fbb714;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Schools_in_Bengaluru" title="Template:Schools in Bengaluru"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:#ffffff">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Schools_in_Bengaluru" title="Template talk:Schools in Bengaluru"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:#ffffff">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Schools_in_Bengaluru" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Schools in Bengaluru"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:#ffffff">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Schools_in_Bangalore594" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Bengaluru" title="List of schools in Bengaluru">Schools in Bangalore</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#00559f; color:#ffffff; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #fbb714, inset -2px -2px 0 #fbb714;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Bengaluru" title="Portal:Bengaluru">BengaluruPortal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baldwin_Girls_High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Baldwin Girls High School">Baldwin Girls High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_Cotton_Boys_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop Cotton Boys School">Bishop Cotton Boys School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_Cotton_Girls_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop Cotton Girls School">Bishop Cotton Girls School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candor_International_School" title="Candor International School">Candor International School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_High_School_(India)" title="Clarence High School (India)">Clarence High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmel_Convent_School" title="Carmel Convent School">Carmel Convent School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_High_School,_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral High School, Bangalore">Cathedral High School</a></li> <li>Christ School</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysalis_High" title="Chrysalis High">Chrysalis High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charan%27s_Public_School,_Ulsoor,_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Charan's Public School, Ulsoor, Bangalore">Charan's Public School, Ulsoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cluny_Convent_High_School,_Jalahalli" title="Cluny Convent High School, Jalahalli">Cluny Convent High School, Jalahalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Fare_Music_Foundation" title="Eastern Fare Music Foundation">Eastern Fare Music Foundation</a></li> <li>Gitanjali International School</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwood_High_International_School" title="Greenwood High International School">Greenwood High International School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMR_International_School,_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="HMR International School, Bangalore">HMR International School, Bangalore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innisfree_House_School" title="Innisfree House School">Innisfree House School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_International_School,_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus International School, Bangalore">Indus International School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inventure_Academy" title="Inventure Academy">Inventure Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_Heritage_School" title="Jain Heritage School">Jain Heritage School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jain_International_Residential_School" title="Jain International Residential School">Jain International Residential School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyothy_Kendriya_Vidyalaya" title="Jyothy Kendriya Vidyalaya">Jyothy Kendriya Vidyalaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendriya_Vidyalaya_Hebbal,_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Kendriya Vidyalaya Hebbal, Bangalore">Kendriya Vidyalaya Hebbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendriya_Vidyalaya_No._1,_Jalahalli,_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Kendriya Vidyalaya No. 1, Jalahalli, Bangalore">Kendriya Vidyalaya, Jalahalli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendriya_Vidyalaya_Malleswaram" class="mw-redirect" title="Kendriya Vidyalaya Malleswaram">Kendriya Vidyalaya, Malleswaram</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malleswaram_Ladies_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malleswaram Ladies Association (page does not exist)">Malleswaram Ladies Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallya_Aditi_International_School" title="Mallya Aditi International School">Mallya Aditi International School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysore_Education_Society_Kishora_Kendra_School" title="Mysore Education Society Kishora Kendra School">Mysore Education Society Kishora Kendra School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_High_School,_Basavanagudi" title="National High School, Basavanagudi">National High School</a></li> <li>National Hill View Public School</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Public_School_Indiranagar" class="mw-redirect" title="National Public School Indiranagar">National Public School, Indiranagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Public_School_Rajajinagar" class="mw-redirect" title="National Public School Rajajinagar">National Public School, Rajajinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Public_School,_Koramangala" title="National Public School, Koramangala">National Public School, Koramangala</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Academy_For_Learning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Academy For Learning (page does not exist)">National Academy For Learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakridge_International_School" title="Oakridge International School">Oakridge International School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_School" title="Presidency School">Presidency School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_High_School" title="Sophia High School">Sophia High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_Girls_High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacred Heart Girls High School">Sacred Heart Girls High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_High_School,_Hebbal" title="Sindhi High School, Hebbal">Sindhi High School, Hebbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Aurobindo_Memorial_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Aurobindo Memorial School">Sri Aurobindo Memorial School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Anthony%27s_Boys_School,_Cleveland_Town" class="mw-redirect" title="St Anthony's Boys School, Cleveland Town">St Anthony's Boys School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Germain_High_School" title="St. Germain High School">St. Germain High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_High_School,_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="St. John's High School, Bangalore">St John's High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Joseph%27s_Boys%27_High_School,_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Joseph's Boys' High School, Bangalore">St. Joseph's Boys' High School, Bangalore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trio_World_Academy" title="Trio World Academy">TRIO World Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cathedral_High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="The Cathedral High School">The Cathedral High School</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Brigade_School&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Brigade School (page does not exist)">The Brigade School</a> JP Nagar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Frank_Anthony_Public_School,_Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="The Frank Anthony Public School, Bangalore">The Frank Anthony Public School, Bangalore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_International_School_Bangalore" title="The International School Bangalore">The International School Bangalore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Valley_School" title="The Valley School">The Valley School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venkat_International_Public_School" title="Venkat International Public School">Venkat International Public School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vibgyor_High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Vibgyor High School">Vibgyor High School</a></li> <li>Vijaya High school</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidyashilp_Academy" title="Vidyashilp Academy">Vidyashilp Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insight_Academy_School_Bangalore" title="Insight Academy School Bangalore">Insight Academy School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#00559f; color:#ffffff; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #fbb714, inset -2px -2px 0 #fbb714;"><div><a href="/wiki/India" title="India"><img alt="India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bengaluru,</a> <a href="/wiki/Karnataka" title="Karnataka">KA,</a> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">IN</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_and_Union_Territory_capitals_of_India178" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:State_and_Union_Territory_capitals_of_India" title="Template:State and Union Territory capitals of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:State_and_Union_Territory_capitals_of_India" title="Template talk:State and Union Territory capitals of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:State_and_Union_Territory_capitals_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:State and Union Territory capitals of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_and_Union_Territory_capitals_of_India178" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/States_and_union_territories_of_India" title="States and union territories of India">State and Union Territory</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_state_and_union_territory_capitals_in_India" title="List of state and union territory capitals in India">capitals</a> of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administrative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agartala" title="Agartala">Agartala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aizawl" title="Aizawl">Aizawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaravati" title="Amaravati">Amaravati</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bengaluru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhopal" title="Bhopal">Bhopal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar">Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daman,_India" title="Daman, India">Daman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehradun" title="Dehradun">Dehradun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dispur" title="Dispur">Dispur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhinagar" title="Gandhinagar">Gandhinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangtok" title="Gangtok">Gangtok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imphal" title="Imphal">Imphal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itanagar" title="Itanagar">Itanagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaipur" title="Jaipur">Jaipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu" title="Jammu">Jammu</a> (winter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kargil" title="Kargil">Kargil</a> (winter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kavaratti" title="Kavaratti">Kavaratti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohima" title="Kohima">Kohima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leh" title="Leh">Leh</a> (summer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panaji" title="Panaji">Panaji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patna" title="Patna">Patna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pondicherry" title="Pondicherry">Pondicherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Blair" title="Port Blair">Port Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranchi" title="Ranchi">Ranchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raipur" title="Raipur">Raipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shillong" title="Shillong">Shillong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimla" title="Shimla">Shimla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a> (summer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram" title="Thiruvananthapuram">Thiruvananthapuram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agartala" title="Agartala">Agartala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aizawl" title="Aizawl">Aizawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaravati" title="Amaravati">Amaravati</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bengaluru</a> (summer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgaum" title="Belgaum">Belgaum</a> (winter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhararisain" title="Bhararisain">Bhararisain</a> (summer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhopal" title="Bhopal">Bhopal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhubaneswar" title="Bhubaneswar">Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharamshala" title="Dharamshala">Dharamshala</a> (winter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehradun" title="Dehradun">Dehradun</a> (winter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhinagar" title="Gandhinagar">Gandhinagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangtok" title="Gangtok">Gangtok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guwahati" title="Guwahati">Guwahati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imphal" title="Imphal">Imphal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itanagar" title="Itanagar">Itanagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaipur" title="Jaipur">Jaipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu" title="Jammu">Jammu</a> (winter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohima" title="Kohima">Kohima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a> (summer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagpur" title="Nagpur">Nagpur</a> (winter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patna" title="Patna">Patna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pondicherry" title="Pondicherry">Pondicherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porvorim" title="Porvorim">Porvorim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raipur" title="Raipur">Raipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranchi" title="Ranchi">Ranchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shillong" title="Shillong">Shillong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimla" title="Shimla">Shimla</a> (summer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a> (summer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram" title="Thiruvananthapuram">Thiruvananthapuram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Judicial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agartala" title="Agartala">Agartala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad">Ahmedabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaravati" title="Amaravati">Amaravati</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bengaluru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bilaspur,_Chhattisgarh" title="Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh">Bilaspur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuttack" title="Cuttack">Cuttack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangtok" title="Gangtok">Gangtok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guwahati" title="Guwahati">Guwahati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imphal" title="Imphal">Imphal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabalpur" title="Jabalpur">Jabalpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodhpur" title="Jodhpur">Jodhpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu" title="Jammu">Jammu</a> (winter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi">Kochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nainital" title="Nainital">Nainital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patna" title="Patna">Patna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj">Prayagraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranchi" title="Ranchi">Ranchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shillong" title="Shillong">Shillong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimla" title="Shimla">Shimla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a> (summer)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Megacities193" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Megacities" title="Template:Megacities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Megacities" title="Template talk:Megacities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Megacities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Megacities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Megacities193" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Megacity" title="Megacity">Megacities</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Africa (4)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa">Kinshasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Asia (35)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">China (14)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Changsha" title="Changsha">Changsha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen">Xiamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">India (6)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bengaluru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indonesia (3)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung">Bandung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surabaya" title="Surabaya">Surabaya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Japan (3)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keihanshin" title="Keihanshin">Kyoto–Osaka–Kobe (Keihanshin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagoya" title="Nagoya">Nagoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pakistan (2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other (7)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Ho Chi Minh City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">Metro Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seoul" title="Seoul">Seoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">Europe (4)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">America (8)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brazil (2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States (2)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other (4)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogotá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lima" title="Lima">Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/28px-COL-city_icon.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/42px-COL-city_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/56px-COL-city_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Cities" title="Portal:Cities">Cities portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Million-plus_agglomerations_in_India292" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Million-plus_agglomerations_in_India" title="Template:Million-plus agglomerations in India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Million-plus_agglomerations_in_India" title="Template talk:Million-plus agglomerations in India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Million-plus_agglomerations_in_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Million-plus agglomerations in India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Million-plus_agglomerations_in_India292" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_million-plus_urban_agglomerations_in_India" title="List of million-plus urban agglomerations in India">Million-plus agglomerations</a> in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Zonal_Council" title="Northern Zonal Council">North</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandigarh" title="Chandigarh">Chandigarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a></li> <li>Haryana: <a href="/wiki/Faridabad" title="Faridabad">Faridabad</a></li> <li>Jammu and Kashmir: <a href="/wiki/Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a></li> <li>Punjab: <a href="/wiki/Ludhiana" title="Ludhiana">Ludhiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amritsar" title="Amritsar">Amritsar</a></li> <li>Rajasthan: <a href="/wiki/Jaipur" title="Jaipur">Jaipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodhpur" title="Jodhpur">Jodhpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kota,_Rajasthan" title="Kota, Rajasthan">Kota</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Zonal_Council" title="Central Zonal Council">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Chhattisgarh: <a href="/wiki/Raipur" title="Raipur">Raipur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhilai" title="Bhilai">Bhilai</a></li> <li>Madhya Pradesh: <a href="/wiki/Indore" title="Indore">Indore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhopal" title="Bhopal">Bhopal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabalpur" title="Jabalpur">Jabalpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwalior" title="Gwalior">Gwalior</a></li> <li>Uttar Pradesh:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agra" title="Agra">Agra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghaziabad" title="Ghaziabad">Ghaziabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanpur" title="Kanpur">Kanpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meerut" title="Meerut">Meerut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayagraj" title="Prayagraj">Prayagraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varanasi" title="Varanasi">Varanasi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Zonal_Council" title="Eastern Zonal Council">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Bihar: <a href="/wiki/Patna" title="Patna">Patna</a></li> <li>Jharkhand: <a href="/wiki/Jamshedpur" title="Jamshedpur">Jamshedpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhanbad" title="Dhanbad">Dhanbad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranchi" title="Ranchi">Ranchi</a></li> <li>West Bengal: <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asansol" title="Asansol">Asansol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Zonal_Council" title="Western Zonal Council">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Gujarat: <a href="/wiki/Ahmedabad" title="Ahmedabad">Ahmedabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surat" title="Surat">Surat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadodara" title="Vadodara">Vadodara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajkot" title="Rajkot">Rajkot</a></li> <li>Maharashtra: <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pune" title="Pune">Pune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagpur" title="Nagpur">Nagpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashik" title="Nashik">Nashik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasai-Virar" title="Vasai-Virar">Vasai-Virar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurangabad" title="Aurangabad">Aurangabad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Zonal_Council" title="Southern Zonal Council">Southern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Andhra Pradesh: <a href="/wiki/Visakhapatnam" title="Visakhapatnam">Visakhapatnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayawada" title="Vijayawada">Vijayawada</a></li> <li>Karnataka: <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a></li> <li>Kerala: <a href="/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi">Kochi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode">Kozhikode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrissur" title="Thrissur">Thrissur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malappuram" title="Malappuram">Malappuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvananthapuram" title="Thiruvananthapuram">Thiruvananthapuram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannur" title="Kannur">Kannur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kollam" title="Kollam">Kollam</a></li> <li>Tamil Nadu: <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coimbatore" title="Coimbatore">Coimbatore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madurai" title="Madurai">Madurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiruchirappalli" title="Tiruchirappalli">Tiruchirappalli</a></li> <li>Telangana: <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad" title="Hyderabad">Hyderabad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World&#039;s_50_most-populous_urban_areas63" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World%27s_most_populous_urban_areas" title="Template:World's most populous urban areas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World%27s_most_populous_urban_areas" title="Template talk:World's most populous urban areas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World%27s_most_populous_urban_areas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World's most populous urban areas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World&#039;s_50_most-populous_urban_areas63" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">World's 50 <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities" title="List of largest cities">most-populous urban areas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Tokyo_Area" title="Greater Tokyo Area">Tokyo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta_metropolitan_area" title="Jakarta metropolitan area">Jakarta</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/National_Capital_Region_(India)" title="National Capital Region (India)">Delhi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>–<a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mumbai_Metropolitan_Region" title="Mumbai Metropolitan Region">Mumbai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manila_Area" title="Greater Manila Area">Manila</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Seoul_Metropolitan_Area" title="Seoul Metropolitan Area">Seoul</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Cairo" title="Greater Cairo">Cairo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Mexico_City" title="Greater Mexico City">Mexico City</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="11"><li><a href="/wiki/Kolkata_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolkata metropolitan area">Kolkata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="Greater São Paulo">São Paulo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Dhaka" title="Greater Dhaka">Dhaka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bangkok_Metropolitan_Region" title="Bangkok Metropolitan Region">Bangkok</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow_metropolitan_area" title="Moscow metropolitan area">Moscow</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Buenos_Aires" title="Greater Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="21"><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles" title="Greater Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a>-<a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a></li><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bengaluru</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City_metropolitan_area" title="Ho Chi Minh City metropolitan area">Ho Chi Minh City</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Keihanshin" title="Keihanshin">Osaka–Kobe–Kyoto</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa">Kinshasa</a>–<a href="/wiki/Brazzaville" title="Brazzaville">Brazzaville</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="31"><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Tehran" title="Greater Tehran">Tehran</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Greater Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Xi%27an" title="Xi'an">Xi'an</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chennai_metropolitan_area" title="Chennai metropolitan area">Chennai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Paris_metropolitan_area" title="Paris metropolitan area">Paris</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou" title="Zhengzhou">Zhengzhou</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda">Luanda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Built-up_Area" title="Greater London Built-up Area">London</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Dongguan" title="Dongguan">Dongguan</a></li></ol></div> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;width:20em;"><div> <div><ol start="41"><li><a href="/wiki/Lima_metropolitan_area" title="Lima metropolitan area">Lima</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Wuhan" title="Wuhan">Wuhan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Area_of_Bogot%C3%A1" title="Metropolitan Area of Bogotá">Bogotá</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_Metropolitan_Region" title="Hyderabad Metropolitan Region">Hyderabad</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Taipei%E2%80%93Keelung_metropolitan_area" title="Taipei–Keelung metropolitan area">Taipei</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hangzhou" title="Hangzhou">Hangzhou</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABky%C5%8D_metropolitan_area" title="Chūkyō metropolitan area">Nagoya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Surabaya_metropolitan_area" title="Surabaya metropolitan area">Surabaya</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bandung_metropolitan_area" title="Bandung metropolitan area">Bandung</a></li></ol></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output 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.portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/21px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/32px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/42px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:India" title="Portal:India">India</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Bangalore_Palace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Bangalore_Palace.jpg/21px-Bangalore_Palace.jpg" decoding="async" width="21" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Bangalore_Palace.jpg/32px-Bangalore_Palace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Bangalore_Palace.jpg/42px-Bangalore_Palace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="460" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Bangalore">Bangalore</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/19px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/29px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/38px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography</a></li></ul></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236088147">.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline;font-size:88%;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em 0 0;padding:0 2em}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;padding:0.2em 0;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px;line-height:22px}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;align-items:baseline;padding:0.2em 0;column-gap:1em;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{display:flex;align-items:baseline;margin:0.15em 0;min-height:24px;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-logo{width:22px;line-height:22px;margin:0 0.2em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-link{margin:0 0.2em;text-align:left}@media screen and (max-width:960px){.mw-parser-output .sister-bar{flex-flow:column wrap;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-header{flex:0 1}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-content{flex:1;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .sister-bar-item{flex:0 0 20em;min-width:20em}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+link+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+style+.sister-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+.navbox-styles+.portal-bar{margin-top:-1px}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sister-bar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="noprint metadata sister-bar" role="navigation" aria-label="sister-projects"><div class="sister-bar-header">Bengaluru at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a>:</div><ul class="sister-bar-content"><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/19px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/29px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/38px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Bengaluru" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Bengaluru">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/14px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bangalore" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Bangalore">Media</a> from Commons</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/21px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/32px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/42px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Bengaluru" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Bengaluru">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/16px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/24px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Bangalore" class="extiw" title="q:Bangalore">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/28px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Bengaluru" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Bengaluru">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/19px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/29px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/38px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Bengaluru" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Bengaluru">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/21px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/32px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/42px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Bengaluru" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Bengaluru">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/19px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/29px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/38px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Bangalore" class="extiw" title="voy:Bangalore">Travel guides</a> from Wikivoyage</li><li class="sister-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/21px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/32px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1355#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1859" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1355#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/141885587">VIAF</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/12144648130876834094">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1206805/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJwhw4BMBpxmgFCQg9G4MP">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4004431-2">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79127101">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb135675462">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb135675462">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0030719&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007555090105171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/311cd57a-5b37-4660-a496-218e976b9293">MusicBrainz area</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/49896">Pleiades</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/052599477">IdRef</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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[\"CITEREFBenjamin2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBhattacharjeeMandayam2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoland-CreweLea2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBose2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBroder2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrownOgilvie2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCanton2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChandramouli2002\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFChatterjee2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChethan_Kumar2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChisholm1911\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChristopher2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrossette1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFD._E._Rhodes1970\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDavid2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeepika2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEmily_Stevenson2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGayerJaffrelot2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGhosh2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGilbert2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFH.S._SudhiraT.V._RamachandraM.H._Bala_Subrahmanya2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHasan1970\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHefner2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHusain2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJaypal2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJulka\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKhajane2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKhongwir2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKotkin2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKulkarni2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKushala2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLindsay2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFM._V._ChandrasekharSahana_Charan2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMalhotra,_Samil2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMenezes2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeyerBurnCottonRisley2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMisraJayaraman2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMudurHemanth_CS2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMurali2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNanjappa,_Vicky2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNarayan2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNathan2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPlunkett2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPoovanna2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrashanth\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPulakkat\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPunekar1974\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFR.C._BhargavaAjit_BalakrishnanAnusua_BasuRam_S._Tarneja2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFR._Krishnakumar\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRai2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRajendran2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRakesh_Basant\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRamachandraPradeep_P._Mujumdar\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRamnath,_Aparajith2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRanganna2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRavindran2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichard_I\u0026#039;Anson\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoyOng2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFS.1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFS_Praveen_Dhaneshkar2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSandes1933\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSarangi2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSarma1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSarma2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSastry2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSatyamurty2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSen2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSevanti_Ninan2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSharma2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSharma2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSharmada_Shastry2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShekhar\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShekhar2016\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFShivakumar,_C.2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShivakumar,_C.2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShrinag2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSingh2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSomnath_Sengupta2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSrinivas2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSrinivasaraju2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSrivatsa2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUllas2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVagale2004\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFVaidyanathan2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVijaya_B._Punekar1974\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVijesh_Kamath2006\"] = 1,\n [\"EdgarThurston\"] = 1,\n [\"MysoreGazetteer\"] = 1,\n [\"Sri2004\"] = 1,\n [\"TalkoftheTown\"] = 1,\n [\"bm\"] = 1,\n [\"kar\"] = 1,\n [\"mg\"] = 1,\n [\"nair\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 1,\n [\"As of\"] = 21,\n [\"Audio\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Bar box\"] = 2,\n [\"Bar percent\"] = 13,\n [\"Bengaluru Urban district\"] = 1,\n [\"Bengaluru Weather box\"] = 1,\n [\"Bengaluru topics\"] = 1,\n [\"Britannica\"] = 1,\n [\"Circa\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite EB1911\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 31,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 5,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 194,\n [\"Cite press release\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite report\"] = 21,\n [\"Cite thesis\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 175,\n [\"Coord\"] = 3,\n [\"Cvt\"] = 28,\n [\"Flagicon\"] = 4,\n [\"Further\"] = 1,\n [\"Geographic location\"] = 1,\n [\"Good article\"] = 1,\n [\"GovPubs\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 21,\n [\"Historical populations\"] = 1,\n [\"Hlist\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox settlement\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 6,\n [\"Maplink\"] = 2,\n [\"Megacities\"] = 1,\n [\"Million-plus cities in India\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 3,\n [\"Nativename\"] = 1,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 2,\n [\"Nbsp\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 2,\n [\"Osmrelation-inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-move\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-semi-indef\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 2,\n [\"Refend\"] = 2,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Rp\"] = 1,\n [\"Schools in Bangalore\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 2,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 11,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Small\"] = 1,\n [\"State and Union Territory capitals of India\"] = 1,\n [\"Subject bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Switcher\"] = 1,\n [\"Transliteration\"] = 1,\n [\"URL\"] = 1,\n [\"Use Indian English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"World's most populated urban areas\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 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