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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1978–1984:_Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1978–1984:_Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>1978–1984: Development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1978–1984:_Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1984:_Debut" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1984:_Debut"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>1984: Debut</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1984:_Debut-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Processor_and_memory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Processor_and_memory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Processor and memory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Processor_and_memory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peripherals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peripherals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Peripherals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peripherals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Storage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Storage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Storage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cooling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cooling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Cooling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cooling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Software" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Software"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Software</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Software-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Models" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Models"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Models</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Models-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expansion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expansion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Expansion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expansion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-OEM_upgrades" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#OEM_upgrades"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>OEM upgrades</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-OEM_upgrades-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Credits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Credits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Credits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Credits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Reception</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timeline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timeline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Timeline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timeline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button 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Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Macintosh 128K" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Macintosh 128K" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh_128k" title="Macintosh 128k – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Macintosh 128k" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Macintosh 128K" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Macintosh 128K" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Macintosh 128K" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Macintosh 128K" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%A4%ED%82%A8%ED%86%A0%EC%8B%9C_128K" title="매킨토시 128K – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="매킨토시 128K" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Macintosh 128K" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Macintosh 128K" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Macintosh 128K" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Macintosh 128K" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Macintosh 128K" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Macintosh 128K" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Macintosh 128K" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Macintosh 128K" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Macintosh 128K" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Macintosh 128K" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Macintosh 128K" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Macintosh 128K" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Macintosh 128K" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Macintosh 128K" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Macintosh 128K" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Macintosh 128K" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh_128k" title="Macintosh 128k – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Macintosh 128k" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Macintosh 128K" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh_128K" title="Macintosh 128K – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Macintosh 128K" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1137478#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> 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searchaux" style="display:none">1984 computer</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Macintosh computer line as a whole, see <a href="/wiki/Mac_(computer)" title="Mac (computer)">Mac (computer)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hproduct vevent"><caption class="infobox-title fn summary">Macintosh 128K</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Computer_macintosh_128k,_1984_(all_about_Apple_onlus).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Computer_macintosh_128k%2C_1984_%28all_about_Apple_onlus%29.jpg/220px-Computer_macintosh_128k%2C_1984_%28all_about_Apple_onlus%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Computer_macintosh_128k%2C_1984_%28all_about_Apple_onlus%29.jpg/330px-Computer_macintosh_128k%2C_1984_%28all_about_Apple_onlus%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Computer_macintosh_128k%2C_1984_%28all_about_Apple_onlus%29.jpg/440px-Computer_macintosh_128k%2C_1984_%28all_about_Apple_onlus%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2312" data-file-height="2132" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">All-in-one computer, monitor, and floppy drive with external keyboard and mouse</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Also known as</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Macintosh</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Computer, Inc.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Product family</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Compact_Macintosh" title="Compact Macintosh">Compact Macintosh</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/All-in-one_computer" title="All-in-one computer"> All-in-one</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Release date</th><td class="infobox-data">January 24, 1984<span class="noprint">; 41 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1984-01-24</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-appleconfidential2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-appleconfidential2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-strategy_83_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-strategy_83-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introductory price</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="white-space: nowrap">US$2,495</span> (equivalent to $7,300 in 2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discontinued</th><td class="infobox-data">October 1, 1985<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend itvend">1985-10-01</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Units sold</th><td class="infobox-data">500,000 and over <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Units shipped</th><td class="infobox-data">250,000 and over <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/System_1" title="System 1">System Software 1.0</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">CPU</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Motorola_68000" title="Motorola 68000">Motorola 68000</a> @ 7.8336 <a href="/wiki/Hertz" title="Hertz">MHz</a> (6 MHz effectively)<sup id="cite_ref-byte09_02_burrell_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-byte09_02_burrell-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Memory</th><td class="infobox-data">128 <a href="/wiki/Kilobyte" title="Kilobyte">KB</a> RAM</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Removable_media" title="Removable media">Removable storage</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">3<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> inch (9 cm) <a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">floppy disk</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Display</th><td class="infobox-data">9 in (23 cm) monochrome, 512 × 342</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dimensions</th><td class="infobox-data">Height: 13.6 in (35 cm)<br />Width: 9.6 in (24 cm)<br />Depth: 10.9 in (28 cm)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Weight</th><td class="infobox-data">16.5 lb (7.5 kg)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa">Lisa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_512K" title="Macintosh 512K">Macintosh 512K</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Related</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Apple_IIe" title="Apple IIe">Apple IIe</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Apple_IIc" title="Apple IIc">Apple IIc</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.apple.com">https://www.apple.com</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">MacBASIC, MacPascal and the Macintosh 68000 Development System.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Macintosh</b>, later rebranded as the <b>Macintosh 128K</b>, is the original <a href="/wiki/Mac_(computer)" title="Mac (computer)">Macintosh</a> <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computer</a> from <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a>. It is the first successful mass-market <a href="/wiki/All-in-one_computer" title="All-in-one computer">all-in-one</a> desktop personal computer with a <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical user interface</a>, built-in screen and <a href="/wiki/Computer_mouse" title="Computer mouse">mouse</a>. It was pivotal in establishing <a href="/wiki/Desktop_publishing" title="Desktop publishing">desktop publishing</a> as a general office function. The motherboard, a 9 in (23 cm) <a href="/wiki/Cathode-ray_tube" title="Cathode-ray tube">CRT</a> <a href="/wiki/Monochrome" title="Monochrome">monochrome</a> monitor, and a floppy drive are in a beige case with integrated carrying handle; it has a keyboard and single-button mouse. </p><p>The Macintosh was introduced by a television commercial titled "<a href="/wiki/1984_(advertisement)" title="1984 (advertisement)">1984</a>" during <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_XVIII" title="Super Bowl XVIII">Super Bowl XVIII</a> on January 22, 1984,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> directed by <a href="/wiki/Ridley_Scott" title="Ridley Scott">Ridley Scott</a>. Sales were strong at its initial release on January 24, 1984, at <span style="white-space: nowrap">$2,495</span> (equivalent to $7,300 in 2023), and reached 70,000 units on May 3, 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon the release of its successor, the <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_512K" title="Macintosh 512K">Macintosh 512K</a>, it was rebranded as the Macintosh 128K. The computer's model number is M0001.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macintosh_128K&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1978–1984:_Development"><span id="1978.E2.80.931984:_Development"></span>1978–1984: Development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macintosh_128K&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1978–1984: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Early_Macintosh_Prototype_Computer_History_Museum_Mountain_View_California_2013-04-11_23-45.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Early_Macintosh_Prototype_Computer_History_Museum_Mountain_View_California_2013-04-11_23-45.jpg/220px-Early_Macintosh_Prototype_Computer_History_Museum_Mountain_View_California_2013-04-11_23-45.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Early_Macintosh_Prototype_Computer_History_Museum_Mountain_View_California_2013-04-11_23-45.jpg/330px-Early_Macintosh_Prototype_Computer_History_Museum_Mountain_View_California_2013-04-11_23-45.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Early_Macintosh_Prototype_Computer_History_Museum_Mountain_View_California_2013-04-11_23-45.jpg/440px-Early_Macintosh_Prototype_Computer_History_Museum_Mountain_View_California_2013-04-11_23-45.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>A Macintosh prototype from 1981 is at the <a href="/wiki/Computer_History_Museum" title="Computer History Museum">Computer History Museum</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1978, Apple began to organize the <a href="/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa">Lisa</a> project, to build a next-generation machine similar to an advanced <a href="/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II">Apple II</a> or the yet-to-be-introduced <a href="/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer" title="IBM Personal Computer">IBM PC</a>. In 1979, Apple co-founder <a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a> learned of the advanced work on <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical user interfaces</a> (GUI) taking place at <a href="/wiki/PARC_(company)" title="PARC (company)">Xerox PARC</a>. He arranged for Apple engineers to be allowed to visit PARC to see the systems in action.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Lisa was immediately redirected to use a GUI, which at that time was well beyond the <a href="/wiki/State_of_the_art" title="State of the art">state of the art</a> for <a href="/wiki/Microprocessor" title="Microprocessor">microprocessor</a> abilities; the <a href="/wiki/Xerox_Alto" title="Xerox Alto">Xerox Alto</a> has a custom processor spanning several <a href="/wiki/Circuit_board" class="mw-redirect" title="Circuit board">circuit boards</a> in a case the size of a small refrigerator. Things had changed dramatically with the introduction of the 16/32-bit <a href="/wiki/Motorola_68000" title="Motorola 68000">Motorola 68k</a> in 1979, with at least an <a href="/wiki/Order_of_magnitude" title="Order of magnitude">order of magnitude</a> better performance than existing designs and made a software GUI machine a practical possibility. The basic layout of the Lisa was largely complete by 1982, at which point Jobs's continual suggestions for improvements led to him being kicked off the project.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the same time that the Lisa was becoming a GUI machine in 1979, <a href="/wiki/Jef_Raskin" title="Jef Raskin">Jef Raskin</a> began the Macintosh project. The design at that time was for a low-cost, easy-to-use machine for the average consumer. Instead of a GUI, it intended to use a <a href="/wiki/Text-based_user_interface" title="Text-based user interface">text-based user interface</a> that allowed multitasking, and special command keys on the <a href="/wiki/Computer_keyboard" title="Computer keyboard">keyboard</a> that accessed standardized commands in the programs.<sup id="cite_ref-hertz2_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hertz2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bud Tribble, a member of the Macintosh team, asked <a href="/wiki/Burrell_Smith" title="Burrell Smith">Burrell Smith</a> to integrate the Apple Lisa's 68k microprocessor into the Macintosh so that it could run graphical programs.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By December 1980, Smith had succeeded in designing a <a href="/wiki/Printed_circuit_board" title="Printed circuit board">board</a> that integrated an 8 MHz Motorola 68k. Smith's design used less <a href="/wiki/Random-access_memory" title="Random-access memory">RAM</a> than the Lisa, which made producing the board significantly more cost-efficient. The final Mac design was self-contained and had the complete <a href="/wiki/QuickDraw" title="QuickDraw">QuickDraw</a> picture language and interpreter in 64 KB of <a href="/wiki/Read-only_memory" title="Read-only memory">ROM</a> – far more than most other computers which typically had around 4 to 8 KB of ROM; it had 128 kB of RAM, in the form of sixteen 64-<a href="/wiki/Kilobit" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilobit">kilobit</a> (kb) RAM <a href="/wiki/Solder" title="Solder">soldered</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Motherboard" title="Motherboard">logicboard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The final product's screen was a 9-inch (23 cm), 512x342 pixel <a href="/wiki/Monochrome" title="Monochrome">monochrome</a> display.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Smith's innovative design, combining the low production cost of an <a href="/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II">Apple II</a> with the computing power of Lisa's Motorola 68k CPU, began to receive Jobs's attentions.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jobs took over the Macintosh project after deciding that the Macintosh was more marketable than the Lisa,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which led former project leader Raskin to leave the team in 1981. Apple co-founder <a href="/wiki/Steve_Wozniak" title="Steve Wozniak">Steve Wozniak</a>, who had been leading the project with Raskin, was on temporary leave from the company at this time due to an airplane crash he had experienced earlier that year, making it easier for Jobs to take over the program.<sup id="cite_ref-TheVerge_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TheVerge-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After development had completed, team member and engineer <a href="/wiki/Andy_Hertzfeld" title="Andy Hertzfeld">Andy Hertzfeld</a> said that the final Macintosh design is closer to Jobs's ideas than Raskin's.<sup id="cite_ref-Father_of_Mac_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Father_of_Mac-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/InfoWorld" title="InfoWorld">InfoWorld</a></i> in September 1981 reported on the existence of the secret Lisa and "McIntosh" projects at Apple. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1984:_Debut">1984: Debut</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macintosh_128K&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1984: Debut"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:360px;max-width:360px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:198px;max-width:198px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Macintosh_128k_transparency.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Mac 128k" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Macintosh_128k_transparency.png/196px-Macintosh_128k_transparency.png" decoding="async" width="196" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Macintosh_128k_transparency.png/294px-Macintosh_128k_transparency.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Macintosh_128k_transparency.png/392px-Macintosh_128k_transparency.png 2x" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="625" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:158px;max-width:158px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Steve_Jobs_and_Macintosh_computer,_January_1984,_by_Bernard_Gotfryd_-_edited.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Jobs with Mac" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Steve_Jobs_and_Macintosh_computer%2C_January_1984%2C_by_Bernard_Gotfryd_-_edited.jpg/156px-Steve_Jobs_and_Macintosh_computer%2C_January_1984%2C_by_Bernard_Gotfryd_-_edited.jpg" decoding="async" width="156" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Steve_Jobs_and_Macintosh_computer%2C_January_1984%2C_by_Bernard_Gotfryd_-_edited.jpg/234px-Steve_Jobs_and_Macintosh_computer%2C_January_1984%2C_by_Bernard_Gotfryd_-_edited.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Steve_Jobs_and_Macintosh_computer%2C_January_1984%2C_by_Bernard_Gotfryd_-_edited.jpg/312px-Steve_Jobs_and_Macintosh_computer%2C_January_1984%2C_by_Bernard_Gotfryd_-_edited.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3340" data-file-height="4918" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center">The original Macintosh 128k (left); and <a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a> with the Macintosh, January 1984</div></div></div></div> <p>In 1982, <a href="/wiki/Regis_McKenna#Regis_McKenna,_Inc." title="Regis McKenna">Regis McKenna</a> was brought in to shape the marketing and launch of the Macintosh.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later the Regis McKenna team grew to include Jane Anderson, Katie Cadigan and <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Cunningham" title="Andrea Cunningham">Andy Cunningham</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who eventually led the Apple account for the agency.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cunningham and Anderson were the primary authors of the Macintosh launch plan.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The launch of the Macintosh pioneered many different tactics that are used today in launching technology products, including the "multiple exclusive," event marketing (credited to John Sculley, who brought the concept over from Pepsi), creating a mystique about a product and giving an inside look into a product's creation.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the Lisa's announcement, <a href="/wiki/John_Dvorak" class="mw-redirect" title="John Dvorak">John Dvorak</a> discussed rumors of a mysterious "MacIntosh" project at Apple in February 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-dvorak19830207_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dvorak19830207-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company announced the Macintosh 128K—manufactured at an Apple factory in <a href="/wiki/Fremont,_California" title="Fremont, California">Fremont, California</a>—in October 1983, followed by an 18-page brochure included with various magazines in December.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-argus_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-argus-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Macintosh was introduced by a US$1.5 million <a href="/wiki/Ridley_Scott" title="Ridley Scott">Ridley Scott</a> television commercial, "<a href="/wiki/1984_(advertisement)" title="1984 (advertisement)">1984</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Apple_Confidential_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Apple_Confidential-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 113">: 113 </span></sup> It aired during the third quarter of <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl_XVIII" title="Super Bowl XVIII">Super Bowl XVIII</a> on January 22, 1984, and is now considered a "watershed event"<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a "masterpiece".<sup id="cite_ref-masterpiece_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-masterpiece-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> McKenna called the ad "more successful than the Mac itself."<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "1984" used an unnamed heroine to represent the coming of the Macintosh (indicated by a <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Picasso</a>-style picture of the computer on her white <a href="/wiki/Sleeveless_shirt" title="Sleeveless shirt">tank top</a>) as a means of saving humanity from the "conformity" of IBM's attempts to dominate the computer industry. The ad <a href="/wiki/Allusion" title="Allusion">alludes</a> to <a href="/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">George Orwell</a>'s novel <i><a href="/wiki/Nineteen_Eighty-Four" title="Nineteen Eighty-Four">Nineteen Eighty-Four</a></i> which described a <a href="/wiki/Dystopia" title="Dystopia">dystopian</a> future ruled by a televised "<a href="/wiki/Big_Brother_(Nineteen_Eighty-Four)" title="Big Brother (Nineteen Eighty-Four)">Big Brother</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-cellini_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cellini-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two days after "1984" aired, the Macintosh went on sale, and came bundled with two applications designed to show off its interface: <a href="/wiki/MacWrite" title="MacWrite">MacWrite</a> and <a href="/wiki/MacPaint" title="MacPaint">MacPaint</a>. The Macintosh was the first successful mass-market <a href="/wiki/All-in-one_computer" title="All-in-one computer">all-in-one</a> desktop personal computer with a graphical user interface, built-in screen, and mouse.<sup id="cite_ref-KenPolsson_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KenPolsson-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was first demonstrated by Steve Jobs in the first of his famous Mac keynote speeches, and though the Mac garnered an immediate, enthusiastic following, some labelled it a mere "toy".<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apple sold it alongside its popular <a href="/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II">Apple II</a> line until the others were discontinued in the 1990s. Because the operating system was designed largely for the GUI, existing text-mode and <a href="/wiki/Command-line_interface" title="Command-line interface">command-driven applications</a> had to be redesigned and the programming code rewritten. This was a time-consuming task that many <a href="/wiki/Software_developer" class="mw-redirect" title="Software developer">software developers</a> chose not to undertake, and could be regarded as a reason for an initial lack of software for the new system. In April 1984, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Multiplan" title="Multiplan">Multiplan</a> migrated over from <a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Word" title="Microsoft Word">Microsoft Word</a> following in January 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apple introduced the <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Office" title="Macintosh Office">Macintosh Office</a> suite the same year with the <a href="/wiki/Lemmings_(advertisement)" title="Lemmings (advertisement)">"Lemmings" ad</a>; infamous for insulting its own potential customers, the ad was not successful.<sup id="cite_ref-Worst_Business_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Worst_Business-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Apple spent $2.5 million purchasing all 39 advertising pages in a special, post-election issue of <i><a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and ran a "Test Drive a Macintosh" promotion, in which potential buyers with a credit card could take home a Macintosh for 24 hours and return it to a dealer afterwards. While 200,000 people participated, dealers disliked the promotion, the supply of computers was insufficient for demand, and many were returned in such a bad condition that they could no longer be sold.<sup id="cite_ref-unvlmcin_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unvlmcin-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Worst_Business_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Worst_Business-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The computer sold well, nonetheless, reportedly outselling the <a href="/wiki/IBM_PCjr" title="IBM PCjr">IBM PCjr</a> which also began shipping early that year; one dealer reported a backlog of more than 600 orders.<sup id="cite_ref-richter198403282_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-richter198403282-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-time19840402_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-time19840402-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By April 1984 the company sold 50,000 Macintoshes, and hoped for 70,000 by early May and almost 250,000 by the end of the year.<sup id="cite_ref-hayes19840424_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hayes19840424-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Processor_and_memory">Processor and memory</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macintosh_128K&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Processor and memory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The heart of the computer is a <a href="/wiki/Motorola_68000" title="Motorola 68000">Motorola 68000</a> <a href="/wiki/Microprocessor" title="Microprocessor">microprocessor</a> running at <span class="nowrap">7.8336 MHz</span>, connected to 128 KB <a href="/wiki/Random-access_memory" title="Random-access memory">RAM</a> shared by the processor and the display controller. The boot procedure and some operating system routines are contained in a 64 KB <a href="/wiki/Read-only_memory" title="Read-only memory">ROM</a> chip. Apple did not offer RAM upgrades. Unlike the Apple II, no source code listings of the Macintosh system ROMs were offered. </p><p>The RAM in the Macintosh consists of sixteen 64k×1 <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_random-access_memory" title="Dynamic random-access memory">DRAMs</a>. The 68000 and video controller take turns accessing DRAM every four CPU cycles during display of the frame buffer, while the 68000 has unrestricted access to DRAM during vertical and horizontal blanking intervals. Such an arrangement reduces the overall CPU performance as much as 35% for most code as the display logic often blocks the CPU's access to RAM. Despite the nominally high clock rate, this causes the computer to run slower than several of its competitors and results in an effective clock rate of 6 MHz.<sup id="cite_ref-byte09_02_burrell_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-byte09_02_burrell-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AnOriginalMacintoshBackCaseUNALTEREDMACINTOSH.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/AnOriginalMacintoshBackCaseUNALTEREDMACINTOSH.jpg/220px-AnOriginalMacintoshBackCaseUNALTEREDMACINTOSH.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/AnOriginalMacintoshBackCaseUNALTEREDMACINTOSH.jpg/330px-AnOriginalMacintoshBackCaseUNALTEREDMACINTOSH.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/AnOriginalMacintoshBackCaseUNALTEREDMACINTOSH.jpg/440px-AnOriginalMacintoshBackCaseUNALTEREDMACINTOSH.jpg 2x" data-file-width="848" data-file-height="1096" /></a><figcaption>Rear case of an unaltered original Macintosh (sold January–November 1984). The majority of 128K machines made after November 1984 have the label "Macintosh 128K" on the back of the case.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Peripherals">Peripherals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macintosh_128K&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Peripherals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The built-in display is a one-bit per pixel, <a href="/wiki/Black-and-white" title="Black-and-white">black-and-white</a>, 9 in/23 cm <a href="/wiki/Cathode-ray_tube" title="Cathode-ray tube">CRT</a> with a fixed resolution of 512 × 342 <a href="/wiki/Pixel" title="Pixel">pixels</a>, using the Apple standard of 72 <a href="/wiki/Pixels_per_inch" class="mw-redirect" title="Pixels per inch">ppi</a> (pixels per inch),<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a standard that was quickly abandoned once higher resolution screens became available.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Expansion and networking are achieved using two non-standard <a href="/wiki/DE-9" class="mw-redirect" title="DE-9">DE-9</a> serial ports named "Printer" and "Modem" that support the <a href="/wiki/RS-422" title="RS-422">RS-422</a> standard, but do not support hardware <a href="/wiki/Handshake_(computing)" title="Handshake (computing)">handshaking</a>. An external <a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">floppy disk</a> drive can be added using a proprietary connector (19-pin <a href="/wiki/D-sub" class="mw-redirect" title="D-sub">D-sub</a>). </p><p>The keyboard used a simple proprietary protocol, allowing some third-party upgrades. The mouse used standard quadrature signals for X and Y, and the single mouse button used a single wire (all signals were compatible with TTL and referenced to ground). The original <a href="/wiki/Apple_keyboards#Apple_Extended_Keyboard_(M0115)" title="Apple keyboards">keyboard</a> had no <a href="/wiki/Arrow_keys" title="Arrow keys">arrow keys</a>, numeric keypad or <a href="/wiki/Function_key" title="Function key">function keys</a>. This was an intentional decision by Apple, as these keys were common on older platforms and it was thought that the addition of these keys would encourage software developers to simply <a href="/wiki/Porting" title="Porting">port</a> their existing applications to the Mac, rather than design new ones around the GUI paradigm.<sup id="cite_ref-landsnail1_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-landsnail1-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, Apple made a <a href="/wiki/Apple_Keyboard#Macintosh_Numeric_Keypad_(M0115)" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Keyboard">numeric keypad</a> available for the Macintosh 128K. The <a href="/wiki/Apple_keyboard#Macintosh_Plus_Keyboard_(M0110A)" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple keyboard">keyboard</a> sold with the newer <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Plus" title="Macintosh Plus">Macintosh Plus</a> model included the numeric keypad and arrow keys, but still no function keys. Function keys eventually appeared in 1987 with the Extended Keyboard available for the <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_II" title="Macintosh II">Macintosh II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_SE" title="Macintosh SE">Macintosh SE</a>. As with the <a href="/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa">Apple Lisa</a> before it, the <a href="/wiki/Apple_Mouse#Macintosh_Mouse_(M0100)" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Mouse">mouse</a> has a single button. </p><p>Standard headphones can be connected to a <a href="/wiki/Monaural" class="mw-redirect" title="Monaural">monaural</a> jack on the back of the computer. Apple also offered their 300 and 1200 baud modems originally released for the <a href="/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II">Apple II</a> line. Initially, the only printer available was the Apple <a href="/wiki/ImageWriter" title="ImageWriter">ImageWriter</a>, a dot matrix printer which was designed to produce 144 dpi <a href="/wiki/WYSIWYG" title="WYSIWYG">WYSIWYG</a> output from the Mac's 72 dpi screen. Eventually, the <a href="/wiki/LaserWriter" title="LaserWriter">LaserWriter</a> and other printers were capable of being connected using <a href="/wiki/AppleTalk" title="AppleTalk">AppleTalk</a>, Apple's built-in networking system. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storage">Storage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macintosh_128K&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Storage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Macintosh contained a single 400 KB, single-sided <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">3<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>-<a href="/wiki/Inch" title="Inch">inch</a> <a href="/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">floppy disk</a> drive, with no option to add any further internal storage, like a hard drive or additional floppy disk drive. The system software (Mac OS) was disk-based from the beginning, as RAM had to be conserved, but this "Startup Disk" could still be temporarily ejected. (Ejecting the root filesystem remained an unusual feature of the <a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">classic Mac OS</a> until <a href="/wiki/System_7" title="System 7">System 7</a>.) One floppy disk was sufficient to store the System Software, an application and the data files created with the application. </p><p>The 400 KB drive capacity was larger than the <a href="/wiki/IBM_Personal_Computer_XT" title="IBM Personal Computer XT">PC XT</a>'s 360 KB 5.25-inch drive. However, more sophisticated work environments of the time required separate disks for documents and the system installation. Due to the memory constraints (128 KB) of the original Macintosh, and the fact that the floppies could hold only 400 KB, users had to frequently swap disks in and out of the floppy drive, which caused external floppy drives to be utilized more frequently. The <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_External_Disk_Drive" title="Macintosh External Disk Drive">Macintosh External Disk Drive</a> (mechanically identical to the internal one, piggybacking on the same controller) was a popular add-on that cost <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$495</span> (equivalent to $1,450 in 2023). </p><p>Third-party <a href="/wiki/Hard_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard drive">hard drives</a> were considerably more expensive and usually connected to the slower <a href="/wiki/Serial_port" title="Serial port">serial port</a> (as specified by Apple), although a few manufacturers chose to utilize the faster non-standard floppy port. The 128K can only use the original <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_File_System" title="Macintosh File System">Macintosh File System</a> released in 1984 for storage. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Macintosh-motherboard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Macintosh-motherboard.jpg/220px-Macintosh-motherboard.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Macintosh-motherboard.jpg/330px-Macintosh-motherboard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Macintosh-motherboard.jpg/440px-Macintosh-motherboard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2010" data-file-height="1884" /></a><figcaption>Macintosh motherboard</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cooling">Cooling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macintosh_128K&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Cooling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The unit did not include a fan, relying instead on <a href="/wiki/Convection_(heat_transfer)" title="Convection (heat transfer)">convective heat transfer</a>, which made it quiet while in operation. <a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a> insisted that the Macintosh ship without a fan, which persisted until the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_SE" title="Macintosh SE">Macintosh SE</a> in 1987. Jobs believed that computers equipped with fans tend to distract the user from completing work.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unfortunately, this was allegedly a source of many common, costly component failures in the first four Macintosh models. This was enough of a problem to prompt the introduction of several third-party, external cooling fan solutions such as the MacFan, the Mac N Frost, the Fanny Mac and the <a href="/wiki/Kensington_Computer_Products_Group" title="Kensington Computer Products Group">Kensington</a> System Saver. These units fit inside the Macintosh's carrying-handle slot and produced a forced draft through the computer's existing ventilation holes.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Software">Software</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macintosh_128K&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Software"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Macintosh shipped with the very first <a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">System</a> and <a href="/wiki/Finder_(software)" title="Finder (software)">Finder</a> application, known to the public as "System 1.0" (formally known as System 0.97 and Finder 1.0). The original Macintosh saw three upgrades to both before it was discontinued. Apple recommends System 2.0 and Finder 4.2, with System 3.2 and Finder 5.3 as the maximum. System 4.0 officially dropped support for the Macintosh 128K because it was distributed on 800 KB floppy disks, which could not be used by the 128K. </p><p>The applications <a href="/wiki/MacPaint" title="MacPaint">MacPaint</a> and <a href="/wiki/MacWrite" title="MacWrite">MacWrite</a> were bundled with the Mac. Other programs available included <a href="/wiki/MacProject" title="MacProject">MacProject</a>, <a href="/wiki/MacTerminal" title="MacTerminal">MacTerminal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Word" title="Microsoft Word">Microsoft Word</a>. Programming languages available at the time included <a href="/wiki/MacBASIC" title="MacBASIC">MacBASIC</a>, MacPascal<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Macintosh 68000 Development System.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Macintosh also came with a manual and a unique guided tour cassette tape which worked together with the guided tour diskette as a tutorial for both the Macintosh itself and the bundled applications, since most new Macintosh users had never used a mouse before, much less manipulated a <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical user interface</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mac128K_Badge.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Mac128K_Badge.JPG/220px-Mac128K_Badge.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Mac128K_Badge.JPG/330px-Mac128K_Badge.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Mac128K_Badge.JPG 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="226" /></a><figcaption>Rear case label of a Macintosh made after November 1984</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Models">Models</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macintosh_128K&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Models"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The computer was released in January 1984 as simply the Apple <b>Macintosh</b>. Following the release of the <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_512K" title="Macintosh 512K">Macintosh 512K</a> in September, which expanded the memory from 128 KB to 512 KB, the original Macintosh was re-branded <b>Macintosh 128K</b> and nicknamed the "thin Mac". The new 512K model was nicknamed the "fat Mac". While functionally the same, as closed systems, the <i>Macintosh</i> and <i>Macintosh 128K</i> were technically two different computers, with the rebadged <i>128K</i> containing a completely redesigned logic board to easily accommodate both 128 KB and 512 KB RAM configurations during manufacturing. Though the RAM was still permanently soldered to the logic board, the new design allowed for easier (though unsanctioned) third-party upgrades to 512 KB. In addition, most of the newer models contained the 1984 revision B of the ROM to accommodate changes in the 400 KB floppy disk drive.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> System software contains support for an unreleased Macintosh 256K.<sup id="cite_ref-small1989_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-small1989-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The increased RAM of the 512K was vitally important for the Macintosh as it finally allowed for more powerful software applications, such as the then-popular <a href="/wiki/Multiplan" title="Multiplan">Microsoft Multiplan</a>. However, Apple continued to market the Macintosh 128K for over a year as an entry-level computer, the mid-level Macintosh 512K and high-end <a href="/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa">Lisa</a> (and claiming that it could be easily expanded should the user ever need more RAM). </p><p>The difficulty of fitting software into the Macintosh 128K's limited free memory, coupled with the new user interface and <a href="/wiki/Event-driven_programming" title="Event-driven programming">event-driven programming</a> model, discouraged software vendors from supporting it. The Macintosh 128K was left with a relatively small software library, limited to a set of early and specially crafted programs. The later Macintosh 512K and <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Plus" title="Macintosh Plus">Macintosh Plus</a> are compatible with a wider range of software, with the Macintosh Plus maintaining compatibility with much later programs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Expansion">Expansion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macintosh_128K&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Expansion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jobs stated that because "customization really is mostly software now ... most of the options in other computers are in Mac", unlike the Apple II the Macintosh 128K did not need slots; he described expansion slots as costly and requiring larger size and more power.<sup id="cite_ref-byteinterview198402_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-byteinterview198402-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was not officially upgradable by the user and only Apple service centers were permitted to open the case.<sup id="cite_ref-williams198402_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-williams198402-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were third parties that did offer RAM upgrades and even memory and CPU upgrades, allowing the original 128 KB Macintosh to be expanded to a 4 MB 32-bit data path, <a href="/wiki/Motorola_68020" title="Motorola 68020">68020</a> CPU (16 MHz), <a href="/wiki/Motorola_68881" title="Motorola 68881">68881</a> <a href="/wiki/Floating-point_unit" title="Floating-point unit">FPU</a> (16 MHz), <a href="/wiki/Motorola_68851" title="Motorola 68851">68851</a> <a href="/wiki/Memory_management_unit" title="Memory management unit">MMU</a> (16 MHz) with an external <a href="/wiki/SCSI" title="SCSI">SCSI</a> port (with a ribbon cable out the clock battery door, internal SCSI hard drive (20 MB Rodime) and a piezo-electric fan for cooling. This upgrade was featured on a <i>Macworld</i> magazine cover titled "Faster than a Vax" in August 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>All accessories were external, such as the <a href="/wiki/MacCharlie" title="MacCharlie">MacCharlie</a> that added <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC_compatible" title="IBM PC compatible">IBM PC compatibility</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sandbergdiment19850924_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sandbergdiment19850924-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was no provision for adding internal storage, more RAM or any upgrade cards; however, some of the Macintosh engineers objected to Jobs's ideas and secretly developed workarounds for them. As an example, the Macintosh was supposed to have only 17 address lines on the motherboard, enough to support 128 KB of system RAM, but the design team added two address lines without Jobs's knowledge, making it possible to expand the computer to 512 KB, although the actual act of upgrading system RAM was difficult and required piggybacking additional RAM chips atop the onboard 4164 chips. </p><p>In September 1984, after months of complaints over the Mac's inadequate RAM, Apple released an official 512 KB machine (The <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_512K" title="Macintosh 512K">Macintosh 512K</a>). Although this had always been planned from the beginning, Steve Jobs maintained if the user desired more RAM than the Mac 128 provided, he should simply pay extra money for a Mac 512 rather than upgrade the computer himself. When the Mac 512 was released, Apple rebranded the original model as "Macintosh 128k" and modified the motherboard to allow easier RAM upgrades. Improving on the hard-wired RAM thus required a motherboard replacement (which was priced similarly to a new computer), or a third-party chip replacement upgrade, which was not only expensive but would void Apple's warranty. </p><p>A stock Mac 128K with the original 64K ROM is incompatible with either Apple's external 800 KB drive with the <a href="/wiki/Hierarchical_File_System_(Apple)" title="Hierarchical File System (Apple)">Hierarchical File System</a> or Apple's <a href="/wiki/Hard_Disk_20" title="Hard Disk 20">Hard Disk 20</a>. A Mac 128K that has been upgraded with the newer 128 KB ROM (called a Macintosh 128Ke) can use internal and external 800 KB drives with HFS, as well as the HD20. Both can print on an AppleShare network, but neither can do file sharing because of their limited RAM. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="OEM_upgrades">OEM upgrades</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macintosh_128K&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: OEM upgrades"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By early 1985, much Macintosh software required 512K of memory. Apple sold an official memory upgrade for the Macintosh 128K, which included a motherboard replacement effectively making it a Macintosh 512K, for the price of <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$995</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-esd19850319_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-esd19850319-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-price_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-price-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, Apple offered an 800 KB floppy disk drive kit, including updated 128K <a href="/wiki/Old_World_ROM" title="Old World ROM">ROMs</a>. Finally, a Mac 128K could be upgraded to a <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Plus" title="Macintosh Plus">Macintosh Plus</a> by swapping the logic board as well as the case back (to accommodate the slightly different port configuration) and optionally adding the <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Plus" title="Macintosh Plus">Macintosh Plus</a> extended keyboard. Any of the kits could be purchased alone or together at any time, for a partial or full upgrade for the Macintosh 128K. All upgrades were required to be performed by professional Apple technicians,<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who reportedly refused to work on any Macintosh upgraded to 512K without Apple's official upgrade, which at <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$700</span> was much more expensive than about <span style="white-space: nowrap">US$300</span> for third-party versions.<sup id="cite_ref-webster198509_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webster198509-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Credits">Credits</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macintosh_128K&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Credits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple_Macintosh_128Kb_naked.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Apple_Macintosh_128Kb_naked.jpg/220px-Apple_Macintosh_128Kb_naked.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Apple_Macintosh_128Kb_naked.jpg/330px-Apple_Macintosh_128Kb_naked.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Apple_Macintosh_128Kb_naked.jpg/440px-Apple_Macintosh_128Kb_naked.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Signatures inside the Macintosh 128K case</figcaption></figure> <p>The original Macintosh was exceptional in that it included the signatures of the Macintosh Division as of early 1982 molded on the inside of the case. The names are Peggy Alexio, Colette Askeland, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Atkinson" title="Bill Atkinson">Bill Atkinson</a>, Steve Balog, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Belleville" title="Bob Belleville">Bob Belleville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Boich" title="Mike Boich">Mike Boich</a>, Bill Bull, Matt Carter, Berry Cash, Debi Coleman, <a href="/wiki/George_Crow" title="George Crow">George Crow</a>, Donn Denman, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Espinosa" title="Chris Espinosa">Christopher Espinosa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Fernandez" title="Bill Fernandez">Bill Fernandez</a>, Martin Haeberli, <a href="/wiki/Andy_Hertzfeld" title="Andy Hertzfeld">Andy Hertzfeld</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joanna_Hoffman" title="Joanna Hoffman">Joanna Hoffman</a>, Rod Holt, <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Horn" title="Bruce Horn">Bruce Horn</a>, Hap Horn, Brian Howard, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Jobs" title="Steve Jobs">Steve Jobs</a>, Larry Kenyon, Patti King, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Kottke" title="Daniel Kottke">Daniel Kottke</a>, Angeline Lo, Ivan Mach, <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Manock" title="Jerry Manock">Jerrold Manock</a>, Mary Ellen McCammon, Vicki Milledge, Mike Murray, Ron Nicholson Jr., Terry Oyama, Benjamin Pang, <a href="/wiki/Jef_Raskin" title="Jef Raskin">Jef Raskin</a>, Ed Riddle, Brian Robertson, Dave Roots, Patricia Sharp, <a href="/wiki/Burrell_Smith" title="Burrell Smith">Burrell Smith</a>, Bryan Stearns, Lynn Takahashi, <a href="/wiki/Bud_Tribble" title="Bud Tribble">Guy "Bud" Tribble</a>, <a href="/wiki/Randy_Wigginton" title="Randy Wigginton">Randy Wigginton</a>, Linda Wilkin, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Wozniak" title="Steve Wozniak">Steve Wozniak</a>, Pamela Wyman and Laszlo Zidek. </p><p>The Macintosh 128/512K models also included <a href="/wiki/Easter_egg_(media)" title="Easter egg (media)">Easter eggs</a> in the OS ROM. If the user went to the system debugger and typed <code>G 4188A4</code>, a graphic would appear in the upper left corner of the screen with "STOLEN FROM APPLE COMPUTER" and a low-resolution facsimile of the Apple logo. This was designed to prevent unauthorized cloning of the Macintosh after numerous Apple II clones appeared, many of which simply stole Apple's copyrighted system ROMs. Steve Jobs allegedly planned that if a Macintosh clone appeared on the market and a court case happened, he could access this Easter egg on the computer to prove that it was using pirated Macintosh ROMs.<sup id="cite_ref-rom_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rom-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Macintosh SE later augmented this Easter Egg with a slideshow of four photos of the Apple design team when <code>G 41D89A</code> was entered.<sup id="cite_ref-rom_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rom-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macintosh_128K&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Erik Sandberg-Diment of <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> in January 1984 stated that Macintosh "presages a revolution in personal computing". Although preferring larger screens and calling the lack of color a "mistake", he praised the "refreshingly crisp and clear" display and lack of fan noise.<sup id="cite_ref-esd19840124_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-esd19840124-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While unsure whether it would become "a second standard to Big Blue", Ronald Rosenberg of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a></i> wrote in February of "a euphoria that Macintosh will change how America computes. Anyone that tries the pint-size machine gets hooked by its features".<sup id="cite_ref-rosenberg19840228_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rosenberg19840228-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The computer was indeed so compelling to buyers that one dealer in March described it as "the first $2,500 <a href="/wiki/Impulse_purchase" title="Impulse purchase">impulse item</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-richter19840328_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-richter19840328-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gregg Williams of <i><a href="/wiki/Byte_(magazine)" title="Byte (magazine)">BYTE</a></i> in February found the hardware and software design (which it predicted would be "imitated but not copied") impressive, but criticized the lack of a standard second disk drive. He predicted that the computer would popularize the 3½ in floppy disk drive standard, that the Macintosh would improve Apple's reputation, and that it "will delay IBM's domination of the personal computer market." Williams concluded that the Macintosh was "the most important development in computers in the last five years. [It] brings us one step closer to the ideal of computer as appliance."<sup id="cite_ref-williams198402_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-williams198402-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the May 1984 issue Williams added, "Initial reaction to the Macintosh has been strongly, but not overpoweringly, favorable. A few traditional computer users see the mouse, the windows, and the desktop metaphor as silly, useless frills, and others are outraged at the lack of color graphics, but most users are impressed by the machine and its capabilities. Still, some people have expressed concern about the relatively small 128K-byte RAM size, the lack of any computer language sent as part of the basic unit, and the inconvenience of the single disk drive."<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Pournelle" title="Jerry Pournelle">Jerry Pournelle</a>, also of <i>BYTE</i>, added that "The Macintosh is a bargain only if you can get it at the heavily discounted price offered to faculty and students of the favored 24 universities in the Macintosh consortium." He noted, however, that the Macintosh attracted people "who previously hated computers... There is, apparently, something about mice and pull-down menus and icons that appeal to people previously intimidated by <a href="/wiki/CP/M" title="CP/M">A></a> and the like".<sup id="cite_ref-pournelle198408_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pournelle198408-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Timeline">Timeline</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macintosh_128K&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Timeline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Timeline of <a href="/wiki/Compact_Macintosh" title="Compact Macintosh">Compact Macintosh</a> models <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Timeline_of_Compact_Macintosh_models" title="Template:Timeline of Compact Macintosh models"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Timeline_of_Compact_Macintosh_models" title="Template talk:Timeline of Compact Macintosh models"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Timeline_of_Compact_Macintosh_models" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Timeline of Compact Macintosh models"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td><div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_lvjuq81m4e89xlvtqw5vez5pc0dpjp2"><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh" coords="698,121,817,142" title="Power Macintosh" alt="Power Macintosh" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Macintosh_LC_520" coords="656,121,725,142" title="Macintosh LC 520" alt="Macintosh LC 520" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/PowerBook" coords="548,121,634,142" title="PowerBook" alt="PowerBook" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Macintosh_LC" coords="486,121,533,142" title="Macintosh LC" alt="Macintosh LC" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Macintosh_Portable" coords="419,121,500,142" title="Macintosh Portable" alt="Macintosh Portable" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Macintosh_II_series" coords="269,121,372,142" title="Macintosh II series" alt="Macintosh II series" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_IIe" coords="6,121,92,142" title="Apple IIe" alt="Apple IIe" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Macintosh_Color_Classic" coords="633,102,769,123" title="Macintosh Color Classic" alt="Macintosh Color Classic" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Macintosh_Classic_II" coords="551,83,643,104" title="Macintosh Classic II" alt="Macintosh Classic II" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Macintosh_SE" coords="414,65,522,85" title="Macintosh SE" alt="Macintosh SE" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Macintosh_SE/30" coords="381,83,445,104" title="Macintosh SE/30" alt="Macintosh SE/30" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Macintosh_Classic" coords="488,65,563,85" title="Macintosh Classic" alt="Macintosh Classic" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Macintosh_Plus" coords="254,46,373,66" title="Macintosh Plus" alt="Macintosh Plus" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Macintosh_XL" coords="130,83,199,104" title="Macintosh XL" alt="Macintosh XL" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Macintosh_SE" coords="352,65,427,85" title="Macintosh SE" alt="Macintosh SE" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Macintosh_Plus" coords="194,46,252,66" title="Macintosh Plus" alt="Macintosh Plus" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_Lisa" coords="67,83,137,104" title="Apple Lisa" alt="Apple Lisa" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Macintosh_SE" coords="259,65,306,85" title="Macintosh SE" alt="Macintosh SE" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Macintosh_512Ke" coords="209,27,273,47" title="Macintosh 512Ke" alt="Macintosh 512Ke" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Macintosh_128K" coords="109,8,201,29" title="Macintosh 128K" alt="Macintosh 128K" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Apple_Lisa" coords="6,83,64,104" title="Apple Lisa" alt="Apple Lisa" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Macintosh_512K" coords="110,27,247,47" title="Macintosh 512K" alt="Macintosh 512K" /><area shape="rect" href="/wiki/Macintosh_128K" coords="71,8,130,29" title="Macintosh 128K" alt="Macintosh 128K" /></map><img usemap="#timeline_lvjuq81m4e89xlvtqw5vez5pc0dpjp2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/lvjuq81m4e89xlvtqw5vez5pc0dpjp2.png" /></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Mac_models" title="List of Mac models">List of Mac models</a> and <a href="/wiki/Compact_Macintosh" title="Compact Macintosh">Compact Macintosh</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macintosh_128K&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_128K/512K_technical_details" title="Macintosh 128K/512K technical details">Technical information on the Mac 128K</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macintosh_128K&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-appleconfidential2-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-appleconfidential2_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLinzmayer2004" class="citation book cs1">Linzmayer, Owen W. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=On+Xerox%2C+Apple+and+Progress&rft.pub=Folklore.org&rft.aulast=Horn&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.folklore.org%2FStoryView.py%3Fproject%3DMacintosh%26story%3DOn_Xerox%2C_Apple_and_Progress.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacintosh+128K" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimon2006" class="citation book cs1">Simon, Jeffrey S. Young, William L. (April 14, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Qv6RHwAACAAJ"><i>iCon : Steve Jobs, the greatest second act in the history of business</i></a> (Newly updated ed.). Hoboken, NJ: <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">Wiley</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-471-78784-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-471-78784-6"><bdi>978-0-471-78784-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160604005341/https://books.google.com/books?id=Qv6RHwAACAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on June 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 6,</span> 2014</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=iCon+%3A+Steve+Jobs%2C+the+greatest+second+act+in+the+history+of+business&rft.place=Hoboken%2C+NJ&rft.edition=Newly+updated&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2006-04-14&rft.isbn=978-0-471-78784-6&rft.aulast=Simon&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+S.+Young%2C+William+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQv6RHwAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacintosh+128K" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hertz2-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hertz2_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHertzfeld2005" class="citation book cs1">Hertzfeld, Andy (2005). <i><a href="/wiki/Revolution_in_the_Valley:_The_Insanely_Great_Story_of_How_the_Mac_Was_Made" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolution in the Valley: The Insanely Great Story of How the Mac Was Made">Revolution in the Valley: The Insanely Great Story of How the Mac Was Made</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Five+different+Macintoshes&rft.pub=Folklore.org&rft.aulast=Hertzfeld&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.folklore.org%2FStoryView.py%3Fstory%3DFive_Different_Macs.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacintosh+128K" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHertzfeld" class="citation web cs1">Hertzfeld, Andy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.folklore.org/StoryView.py?project=Macintosh&story=Square_Dots.txt&topic=Hardware%20Design&sortOrder=Sort%20by%20Date">"Square Dots"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 24,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Square+Dots&rft.pub=Folklore.org&rft.aulast=Hertzfeld&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.folklore.org%2FStoryView.py%3Fproject%3DMacintosh%26story%3DSquare_Dots.txt%26topic%3DHardware%2520Design%26sortOrder%3DSort%2520by%2520Date&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacintosh+128K" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHertzfeld1980" class="citation web cs1">Hertzfeld, Andy (October 1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.folklore.org/StoryView.py?project=Macintosh&story=Good_Earth.txt">"Folklore.org: Good Earth"</a>. <i>www.folklore.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220928171830/https://www.folklore.org/StoryView.py?project=Macintosh&story=Good_Earth.txt">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 28,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.folklore.org&rft.atitle=Folklore.org%3A+Good+Earth&rft.date=1980-10&rft.aulast=Hertzfeld&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.folklore.org%2FStoryView.py%3Fproject%3DMacintosh%26story%3DGood_Earth.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacintosh+128K" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TheVerge-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TheVerge_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZiegler2013" class="citation web cs1">Ziegler, Chris (June 27, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2013/6/27/4468314/steve-wozniak-on-how-the-newton-changed-his-life">"Steve Wozniak on Newton, Tesla, and why the original Macintosh was a 'lousy' product"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160312014832/http://www.theverge.com/2013/6/27/4468314/steve-wozniak-on-how-the-newton-changed-his-life">Archived</a> from the original on March 12, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 15,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Steve+Wozniak+on+Newton%2C+Tesla%2C+and+why+the+original+Macintosh+was+a+%27lousy%27+product&rft.date=2013-06-27&rft.aulast=Ziegler&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2013%2F6%2F27%2F4468314%2Fsteve-wozniak-on-how-the-newton-changed-his-life&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacintosh+128K" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Father_of_Mac-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Father_of_Mac_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHertzfeld" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andy_Hertzfeld" title="Andy Hertzfeld">Hertzfeld, Andy</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.folklore.org/StoryView.py?project=Macintosh&story=The_Father_of_The_Macintosh.txt&showcomments=1#comments">"The father of the Macintosh"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 19,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Technology+and+Culture+in+Silicon+Valley&rft.atitle=Andy+Cunningham+on+the+Macintosh+Introduction&rft.aulast=Marinaccio&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.stanford.edu%2Fdept%2FSUL%2Flibrary%2Fmac%2Fprimary%2Finterviews%2Fcunningham%2Fmacintro.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacintosh+128K" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGhosh2015" class="citation web cs1">Ghosh, Shona (June 24, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marketingmagazine.co.uk/article/1352676/steve-jobs-marketing-maven-smashing-silicon-ceiling">"Steve Jobs' marketing maven on smashing the silicon ceiling"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 27,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Linking+Mac+to+the+IBM+PC&rft.date=1985-09-24&rft.au=Sandberg-Diment%2C+Erik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1985%2F09%2F24%2Fscience%2Fpersonal-computers-linking-mac-to-the-ibm-pc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacintosh+128K" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-esd19850319-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-esd19850319_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandberg-Diment1985" class="citation news cs1">Sandberg-Diment, Erik (March 19, 1985). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1985/03/19/science/personal-computers-apple-might-learn-a-thing-or-two-from-ibm.html">"Apple Might Learn a Thing or Two from I.B.M."</a></span>. <i>The New York Times</i>. p. C4. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171107115423/http://www.nytimes.com/1985/03/19/science/personal-computers-apple-might-learn-a-thing-or-two-from-ibm.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 3,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Apple+Might+Learn+a+Thing+or+Two+from+I.B.M.&rft.pages=C4&rft.date=1985-03-19&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Sandberg-Diment&rft.aufirst=Erik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1985%2F03%2F19%2Fscience%2Fpersonal-computers-apple-might-learn-a-thing-or-two-from-ibm.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacintosh+128K" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-price-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-price_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://macgui.com/usenet/?group=6&id=1072">"Mac GUI"</a>. <i>macgui.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110714014349/http://macgui.com/usenet/?group=6&id=1072">Archived</a> from the original on July 14, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 5,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Cincinnati+Enquirer&rft.atitle=Macintosh+Takes+Lead+In+Sales+Race&rft.pages=B-1%2C+B-2&rft.date=1984-03-28&rft.aulast=Richter&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F31276226%2Fthe_cincinnati_enquirer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacintosh+128K" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tech-insider.org/mac/research/acrobat/8405.pdf">"Update on Apple Macintosh and Lisa 2"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170119041425/http://tech-insider.org/mac/research/acrobat/8405.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on January 19, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 24,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BYTE&rft.atitle=Between+Conventions&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E313-%3C%2Fspan%3E332&rft.date=1984-08&rft.aulast=Pournelle&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fbyte-magazine-1984-08%2F1984_08_BYTE_09-08_Modula-2%23page%2Fn317%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacintosh+128K" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Macintosh_128K&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Macintosh_128K" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Macintosh 128K">Macintosh 128K</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080514165755/http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=112162">Full Macintosh 128K specifications (Apple Computer)</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived May 14, 2008)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lowendmac.com/1984/macintosh-128k/">Macintosh 128K profile</a>, Low End Mac.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080920082625/http://www.pcanswer.com/articles/oldmac.htm">Original Review of the Macintosh by Lawrence J. Magid (January 29, 1984)</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (archived September 20, 2008)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.folklore.org/ProjectView.py?project=Macintosh&gallery=1">The Original Macintosh, anecdotes and the people who made it</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Apple_hardware_before_1998163" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Apple_hardware_before_1998" title="Template:Apple hardware before 1998"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Apple_hardware_before_1998" title="Template talk:Apple hardware before 1998"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Apple_hardware_before_1998" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Apple hardware before 1998"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Apple_hardware_before_1998163" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> hardware before 1998</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mac_(computer)" title="Mac (computer)">Computers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II">Apple II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_I" title="Apple I">I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_II_(original)" title="Apple II (original)">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_II_Plus" title="Apple II Plus">II Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_IIe" title="Apple IIe">IIe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_IIc" title="Apple IIc">IIc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_IIc_Plus" title="Apple IIc Plus">IIc Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_IIGS" title="Apple IIGS">IIGS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_III" title="Apple III">III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Compact_Macintosh" title="Compact Macintosh">Compact Macintosh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">128K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_512K" title="Macintosh 512K">512K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_512Ke" title="Macintosh 512Ke">512Ke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Plus" title="Macintosh Plus">Plus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_SE" title="Macintosh SE">SE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_SE/30" title="Macintosh SE/30">SE/30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Classic" title="Macintosh Classic">Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Classic_II" title="Macintosh Classic II">Classic II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Color_Classic" title="Macintosh Color Classic">Color Classic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_II_family" title="Macintosh II family">Macintosh II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_II" title="Macintosh II">II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIx" title="Macintosh IIx">IIx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIcx" title="Macintosh IIcx">IIcx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIci" title="Macintosh IIci">IIci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIfx" title="Macintosh IIfx">IIfx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIsi" title="Macintosh IIsi">IIsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIvi" title="Macintosh IIvi">IIvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_IIvx" title="Macintosh IIvx">IIvx</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_LC_family" title="Macintosh LC family">Macintosh LC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_LC" title="Macintosh LC">LC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_LC_II" title="Macintosh LC II">LC II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_LC_III" title="Macintosh LC III">LC III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_LC_500_series" title="Macintosh LC 500 series">LC 500 series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_TV" title="Macintosh TV">Macintosh TV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra" title="Macintosh Quadra">Macintosh Quadra</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_700" title="Macintosh Quadra 700">700</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_900" title="Macintosh Quadra 900">900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_950" title="Macintosh Quadra 950">950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_800" title="Macintosh Quadra 800">800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_840AV" title="Macintosh Quadra 840AV">840AV</a></li> <li>600 series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_610" title="Macintosh Quadra 610">610</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_650" title="Macintosh Quadra 650">650</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_660AV" title="Macintosh Quadra 660AV">660AV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_605" title="Macintosh Quadra 605">605</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Quadra_630" title="Macintosh Quadra 630">630</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/PowerBook" title="PowerBook">PowerBook</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>68k-based PowerBooks <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_100_series" title="PowerBook 100 series">100 series</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_100" title="PowerBook 100">100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_140" title="PowerBook 140">140</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_170" title="PowerBook 170">170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_160" title="PowerBook 160">160</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_180" title="PowerBook 180">180</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_150" title="PowerBook 150">150</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_190" title="PowerBook 190">190</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_Duo" title="PowerBook Duo">Duo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_Duo_210" title="PowerBook Duo 210">210</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_Duo_230" title="PowerBook Duo 230">230</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_500_series" title="PowerBook 500 series">500 series</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerPC" title="PowerPC">PowerPC</a>-based PowerBooks <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_5300" title="PowerBook 5300">5300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_1400" title="PowerBook 1400">1400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_3400c" title="PowerBook 3400c">3400c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_2400c" title="PowerBook 2400c">2400c</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBook_G3" title="PowerBook G3">G3</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh" title="Power Macintosh">Power Macintosh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_4400" title="Power Macintosh 4400">4400 and 7220</a></li> <li>5000 series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_5200_LC" title="Power Macintosh 5200 LC">5200 LC and 5300 LC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_5260" title="Power Macintosh 5260">5260</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_5400" title="Power Macintosh 5400">5400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_5500" title="Power Macintosh 5500">5500</a></li></ul></li> <li>6000 series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_6100" title="Power Macintosh 6100">6100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_6200" title="Power Macintosh 6200">6200 and 6300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_6400" title="Power Macintosh 6400">6400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_6500" title="Power Macintosh 6500">6500</a></li></ul></li> <li>7000 series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_7100" title="Power Macintosh 7100">7100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_7200" title="Power Macintosh 7200">7200 and 8200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_7300" title="Power Macintosh 7300">7300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_7500" title="Power Macintosh 7500">7500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_7600" title="Power Macintosh 7600">7600</a></li></ul></li> <li>8000 series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_8100" title="Power Macintosh 8100">8100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_8500" title="Power Macintosh 8500">8500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_8600" title="Power Macintosh 8600">8600</a></li></ul></li> <li>9000 series <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_9500" title="Power Macintosh 9500">9500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_9600" title="Power Macintosh 9600">9600</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Macintosh_G3" title="Power Macintosh G3">Power Macintosh G3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Lisa" title="Apple Lisa">Apple Lisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Mac_(computer)" title="Big Mac (computer)">Big Mac and Baby Mac</a> (cancelled)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_XL" title="Macintosh XL">Macintosh XL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Portable" title="Macintosh Portable">Macintosh Portable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Performa" title="Macintosh Performa">Macintosh Performa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Centris" title="Macintosh Centris">Macintosh Centris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_IIe_Card" title="Apple IIe Card">Apple IIe Card</a> (Macintosh PDS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_Processor_Upgrade_Card" title="Macintosh Processor Upgrade Card">Macintosh Processor Upgrade Card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Workgroup_Server" title="Apple Workgroup Server">Apple Workgroup Server</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Workgroup_Server_9150" title="Workgroup Server 9150">9150</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Network_Server" title="Apple Network Server">Apple Network Server</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Anniversary_Macintosh" title="Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh">Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peripherals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apple_displays" title="Apple displays">Displays</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Monitor_II" title="Apple Monitor II">Monitor II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Monitor_III" title="Apple Monitor III">Monitor III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_AudioVision_14_Display" title="Apple AudioVision 14 Display">AudioVision 14</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">External drives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disk_II" title="Disk II">Disk II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_FileWare" title="Apple FileWare">FileWare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macintosh_External_Disk_Drive" title="Macintosh External Disk Drive">Macintosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_ProFile" title="Apple ProFile">ProFile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_Disk_20" title="Hard Disk 20">Hard Disk 20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_Disk_20SC" title="Hard Disk 20SC">Hard Disk 20SC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AppleCD" title="AppleCD">AppleCD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerCD" title="PowerCD">PowerCD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Tape_Backup_40SC" title="Apple Tape Backup 40SC">Tape Drive 40SC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Input devices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_keyboards" title="Apple keyboards">Keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Desktop_Bus" title="Apple Desktop Bus">Desktop Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Extended_Keyboard" title="Apple Extended Keyboard">Extended Keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Adjustable_Keyboard" title="Apple Adjustable Keyboard">Adjustable Keyboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_pointing_devices" title="Apple pointing devices">Mouse and other pointing devices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Scanner" title="Apple Scanner">Scanner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_QuickTake" title="Apple QuickTake">QuickTake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Networking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_II_serial_cards" title="Apple II serial cards">Apple II serial cards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LocalTalk" title="LocalTalk">LocalTalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Communication_Slot" title="Apple Communication Slot">Apple Communication Slot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GeoPort" title="GeoPort">GeoPort</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apple_printers" title="List of Apple printers">Printers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Silentype" title="Apple Silentype">Silentype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Dot_Matrix_Printer" title="Apple Dot Matrix Printer">Dot Matrix Printer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Daisy_Wheel_Printer" title="Apple Daisy Wheel Printer">Daisy Wheel Printer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ImageWriter" title="ImageWriter">ImageWriter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaserWriter" title="LaserWriter">LaserWriter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_410_Color_Plotter" title="Apple 410 Color Plotter">410 Color Plotter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_LaserWriter" title="Color LaserWriter">Color LaserWriter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StyleWriter" title="StyleWriter">StyleWriter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apple_Newton" title="Apple Newton">Newton</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MessagePad" title="MessagePad">MessagePad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMate_300" title="EMate 300">eMate 300</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Interactive_Television_Box" title="Apple Interactive Television Box">Interactive Television Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_NC" title="Mac NC">Mac NC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Paladin" title="Apple Paladin">Paladin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Pippin" title="Apple Pippin">Pippin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Bandai_Pippin" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Bandai Pippin">Bandai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wizzy_Active_Lifestyle_Telephone" title="Wizzy Active Lifestyle Telephone">W.A.L.T.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also template: <a href="/wiki/Template:Apple_hardware_since_1998" title="Template:Apple hardware since 1998">Apple hardware since 1998</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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