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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Chacarera_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chacarera_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Chacarera music</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Chacarera_music-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Chacarera music subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Chacarera_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Melody_and_harmony" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Melody_and_harmony"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Melody and harmony</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Melody_and_harmony-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rhythm" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rhythm"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Rhythm</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rhythm-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chacarera_choreography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chacarera_choreography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Chacarera choreography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chacarera_choreography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History_of_the_Chacarera_genre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_of_the_Chacarera_genre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History of the Chacarera genre</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History_of_the_Chacarera_genre-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History of the Chacarera genre subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History_of_the_Chacarera_genre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Argentine_musical_nationalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Argentine_musical_nationalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Argentine musical nationalism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Argentine_musical_nationalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impact_of_the_recording_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact_of_the_recording_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Impact of the recording industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impact_of_the_recording_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chacarera_as_art_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chacarera_as_art_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Chacarera as art music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chacarera_as_art_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Some_famous_chacareras" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Some_famous_chacareras"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Some famous chacareras</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Some_famous_chacareras-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a 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<span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chacarera" title="Chacarera – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Chacarera" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chacarera" title="Chacarera – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chacarera" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chacarera" title="Chacarera – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Chacarera" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chacarera" title="Chacarera – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Chacarera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chacarera" title="Chacarera – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chacarera" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chacarera" title="Chacarera – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Chacarera" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chacarera" title="Chacarera – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Chacarera" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chacarera" title="Chacarera – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Chacarera" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%27%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%A8%D7%94" title="צ'קררה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צ'קררה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9" title="チャカレーラ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チャカレーラ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chacarera" title="Chacarera – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Chacarera" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chacarera" title="Chacarera – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chacarera" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chacarera" title="Chacarera – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Chacarera" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chakarira" title="Chakarira – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chakarira" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article includes a list of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#General_references" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">general references</a>, but <b>it lacks sufficient corresponding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Reliability" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Reliability">improve</a> this article by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:When_to_cite" title="Wikipedia:When to cite">introducing</a> more precise citations.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2014</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chacarera_in_Saint_Petersburg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Chacarera_in_Saint_Petersburg.jpg/250px-Chacarera_in_Saint_Petersburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Chacarera_in_Saint_Petersburg.jpg/375px-Chacarera_in_Saint_Petersburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Chacarera_in_Saint_Petersburg.jpg/500px-Chacarera_in_Saint_Petersburg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption>Couple dancing a chacarera in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, Russia.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Chacarera</b> is a dance and music that originated in <a href="/wiki/Santiago_del_Estero" title="Santiago del Estero">Santiago del Estero</a>, <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a genre of <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk music</a> that, for many <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentines</a>, serves as a rural counterpart to the cosmopolitan imagery of the <a href="/wiki/Tango_(ballroom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tango (ballroom)">Tango</a>. A dance form played by contemporary musicians as soloists or in small ensembles of voice, guitar, violin and bombo drum, the Chacarera is often legitimized by its “origin” in the remote province of <a href="/wiki/Santiago_del_Estero" title="Santiago del Estero">Santiago del Estero</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chacarera_music">Chacarera music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chacarera&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Chacarera music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While much of the Chacarera repertoire can be traced to the 1920s sheet music of Andrés Chazarreta (Chazarreta 1947[1916]), the contemporary Chacarera style described in this article was standardized by the recordings of the 1950s folk group Los Hermanos Ábalos (Ábalos 1952). Today, this style is ubiquitous throughout Argentina, with important variants appearing in the provinces of Santiago del Estero and Salta. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Melody_and_harmony">Melody and harmony</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chacarera&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Melody and harmony"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Contemporary Chacareras generally utilize descending, minor-mode melodies within an octave range. They are not harmonically distinctive, relying predominantly on tonic and dominant accompaniment, and the occasional shift to the relative major. Some modern Chacarera musicians use major-seventh and other altered chords in their arrangements. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rhythm">Rhythm</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chacarera&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Rhythm"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Contemporary Chacarera music is distinguished by its unique <a href="/wiki/Hemiola" title="Hemiola">hemiola</a> <a href="/wiki/Syncopation" title="Syncopation">syncopation</a>. Melody lines tend to begin in duple meter (<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>6</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>8</b></sub></span></span></span></span>), and conclude in triple meter (<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>3</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sub></span></span></span></span>). Accompaniment parts – including those on guitar, piano, bandoneón and drum – employ a constant compound meter of <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>6</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>8</b></sub></span></span></span></span> and <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>3</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sub></span></span></span></span>, with accents on the second dotted quarter and the third quarter note, respectively (Abalos 1952). The downbeat is generally elided until cadences, a characteristic that is particularly salient in the case of the “Chacarera Trunca” style, which cadences on the third beat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Structure">Structure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chacarera&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Chacarera is a binary form. The A section (6 or 8 bars) doubles as an introduction and an interlude. The B section (8 bars) returns twice before concluding with a repetition. The entire form repeats two times. A B A B A B B </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chacarera_choreography">Chacarera choreography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chacarera&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Chacarera choreography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Chacarera is a <a href="/wiki/Contradance" class="mw-redirect" title="Contradance">Contradance</a>-influenced partner dance with similarities to many Ibero-American folk dances, including the Chilean (Zama) cueca and the Peruvian <a href="/wiki/Marinera" title="Marinera">Marinera</a> (Vega 1944). Male dancers circle about their female partners, seducing them with foot stomping (<a href="/wiki/Zapateo" title="Zapateo">zapateo</a>) and handkerchief waving during the A sections and “coronating,” or embracing, them in the final B section. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_of_the_Chacarera_genre">History of the Chacarera genre</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chacarera&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: History of the Chacarera genre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chacareras_para_los_abuelos%C2%A1%C2%A1%C2%A1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Chacareras_para_los_abuelos%C2%A1%C2%A1%C2%A1.JPG/220px-Chacareras_para_los_abuelos%C2%A1%C2%A1%C2%A1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Chacareras_para_los_abuelos%C2%A1%C2%A1%C2%A1.JPG/330px-Chacareras_para_los_abuelos%C2%A1%C2%A1%C2%A1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Chacareras_para_los_abuelos%C2%A1%C2%A1%C2%A1.JPG/440px-Chacareras_para_los_abuelos%C2%A1%C2%A1%C2%A1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Schoolchildren play chacareras to local elders in <a href="/wiki/La_Banda" title="La Banda">La Banda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santiago_del_Estero_Province" title="Santiago del Estero Province">Santiago del Estero Province</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>According to the musicologist Carlos Vega (Vega 1944), the Chacarera belongs to a family of Ibero-American dances derived from baroque Contradance choreography. While this assertion may be accurate, Vega himself admits to the absence of documentation regarding the Chacarera before the advent of the recording industry. As the first mention of the Chacarera as a musical genre appears in the early twentieth century publications of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Santiague%C3%B1an&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Santiagueñan (page does not exist)">Santiagueñan</a> band leader Andrés Chazarreta, it may thus be more accurate to place this dance’s “origin” within the modern era. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Argentine_musical_nationalism">Argentine musical nationalism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chacarera&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Argentine musical nationalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Chacarera can be understood as an outgrowth of Argentine "<a href="/wiki/Nativism_(politics)" title="Nativism (politics)">nativism</a>," a nationalist "back-to-the-roots" movement inspired by increasing Argentine urbanization, and the influence of romantic European philosophy (Delaney 2002). The musical impact of “nativism” was felt particularly strongly in the rural province of Santiago del Estero, a region identified as a wellspring of “authentic” Argentine culture (Rojas 1905). Both Argentine individuals and institutions were inspired by the nativist perspective. In 1911, the Santiagueñan band leader Andrés Chazarreta established the nation’s first folk music “ballet” (Compañía de bailes nativos) (Vega 1981). In 1917, meanwhile, the Universidad de Tucumán hired the pianist Manuel Gómez Carrillo to conduct ethnomusicological research in Santiago (Veniard 1999). Chazarreta and Carrillo’s publications are the first to mention the Chacarera as a musical genre. While both musicians claimed to be replicating “folk” traditions in their books and recordings, some scholars credit them with establishing the form and choreography of the dance (Chazarreta 2007). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Impact_of_the_recording_industry">Impact of the recording industry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chacarera&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Impact of the recording industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Chacarera recordings and compositions of Manuel Gómez Carrillo and Andrés Chazarreta have provided a foundation for recording artists throughout the twentieth century, including Atahualpa Yupanqui, Los Hermanos Abalos, and more recent musical ensembles like the Dúo Coplanacu, Peteco Carabajal and La Chacarerata Santiagueña. The distribution of these recordings via record and radio has led to the establishment of local, national, and international audiences for the genre. In Santiago del Estero, Mendoza, and Buenos Aires alike, musicians gather in Peñas, or small folkloric clubs, to sing and dance their favorite Chacareras, often with specific regional flare. In neighboring nation-states including Uruguay, Perú, Brazil, Bolivia and Chile, Chacarera recordings of artists like Yupanqui are well-known, and often incorporated into local repertoires. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chacarera_as_art_music">Chacarera as art music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chacarera&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Chacarera as art music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Chacarera also provided inspiration for art music composers like Alberto Ginastera, who used the genre’s distinctive syncopations frequently in his work. Manuel Gómez Carrillo himself was a conservatory-trained pianist, and set a precedent for this kind of “academic” setting in his compositions for solo piano. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Some_famous_chacareras">Some famous chacareras</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chacarera&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Some famous chacareras"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Añoranzas (Julio Argentino Gerez) (A "chacarera doble")</li> <li>Chacarera de las Piedras (Yupanqui)</li> <li>La Olvidada (Yupanqui)</li> <li>La Vieja (Hermanos Ábalos)</li> <li>Chacarera del rancho (Hermanos Ábalos)</li> <li>Chacarera Santiagueña (Los Tucu Tucu)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chacarera&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dances" title="List of dances">List of dances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Argentina" title="Music of Argentina">Music of Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_folklore" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin American folklore">Latin American folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gato_(artform)" title="Gato (artform)">Gato</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chacarera&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digital-daydreams.com/enc/world/show_country.php?id=5">"World Music - Argentina"</a>. <i>Digital-daydreams.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-01-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Digital-daydreams.com&rft.atitle=World+Music+-+Argentina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.digital-daydreams.com%2Fenc%2Fworld%2Fshow_country.php%3Fid%3D5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChacarera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chacarera&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Abalos, Adolfo. 1952. Hermanos Abalos: primer álbum para piano. Buenos Aires: Editorial de los Hermanos Abalos.</li> <li>Abecasis, Alberto. 2004. La Chacarera bien mensurada. Río Quarto: Universidad Nacional de Río Quarto.</li> <li>Carlson, Julius Reder. 2011. "The 'Chacarera Imaginary': 'Santiagueñan' Folk Music and Folk Musicians in Argentina." Doctoral dissertation. University of California, Los Angeles.</li> <li>Carlson, Julius Reder. 2005. “La Olvidada: discurso y práctica guitarrística como constructores de la Chacarera.” M.A. thesis. Santiago de Chile: Universidad de Chile.</li> <li>Chazarreta, Andrés. 2007. “La evolución coreográfica de la Chacarera.” M.A. thesis. Buenos Aires: Universidad de Buenos Aires.</li> <li>Chazarreta, Andrés. 1947 (1916). Primer álbum musical santiagueño de piezas criollas coleccionadas por Andrés A. Chazarreta. Buenos Aires: Talleres Gráficos “Garrot”..</li> <li>Chazarreta, Andrés. 1941. Coreografía descriptiva de las danzas nativas. Buenos Aires: Natalio Héctor Pirovano.</li> <li>Delaney, Jean H. 2002. “Imagining ‘El Ser Argentino’: Cultural Nationalism and Romantic Concepts of Nationhood in Early Twentieth-Century Argentina.” Journal of Latin American Studies 34(3): 625-658.</li> <li>Rojas, Ricardo. 1905. El país de la selva. Buenos Aires: Editorial Guillermo Kraft.</li> <li>Vega, Carlos. 1944. Panorama de la música popular Argentina. Buenos Aires: Editorial Losada.</li> <li>Vega, Carlos. 1981. Apuntes para la historia del movimiento tradicionalista argentino. Buenos Aires: Editorial Losada.</li> <li>Veniard, Juan M. 1999. Estudios y documentos referentes a Manuel Gómez Carillo, Vol. 1. Buenos Aires: Academia de Ciencias y Artes de San Isidro.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chacarera&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101021092619/http://www.folkguitar.com.ar/2010/10/chacarera.html">Strum guitar for chacarera</a> (English)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050309092755/http://www.elfolkloreargentino.com/danzas/chacarera.htm">Argentine Folk</a> (Spanish)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.folkloredelnorte.com.ar/chacarera.htm">Folk of the North</a> (Spanish)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tango.info/work/genre.chacarera">List of chacareras</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aquifolklore.com.ar/English/echacarera.htm">Structure of the dance</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081217034043/http://www.inmuvega.gov.ar/">National Institute of Musicology "Carlos Vega"</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Tinku" title="Tinku">Tinku</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Spain" title="Music of Spain">Spaniard folk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_rumba" title="Catalan rumba">Catalan rumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copla_(music)" title="Copla (music)">Copla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fandango" title="Fandango">Fandango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamenco" title="Flamenco">Flamenco</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albore%C3%A1" title="Alboreá">Alboreá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buler%C3%ADas" title="Bulerías">Bulerías</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canti%C3%B1as" title="Cantiñas">Cantiñas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamenco_jazz" title="Flamenco jazz">Flamenco jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumba_flamenca" title="Rumba flamenca">Rumba flamenca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saeta_(flamenco)" title="Saeta (flamenco)">Saeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sole%C3%A1" title="Soleá">Soleá</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folia" title="Folia">Folia</a></li> <li>Isa (from <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jota_(music)" title="Jota (music)">Jota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malague%C3%B1a_(genre)" title="Malagueña (genre)">Malagueña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasodoble" title="Pasodoble">Pasodoble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajaraste" title="Tajaraste">Tajaraste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarzuela" title="Zarzuela">Zarzuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Urbano_music" title="Urbano music">Latin urban</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_hip_hop" title="Latin hip hop">Hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_house" title="Latin house">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggae_en_Espa%C3%B1ol" title="Reggae en Español">Reggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_R%26B" title="Latin R&B">R&B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_trap" title="Latin trap">Trap</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Reggaeton" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em"><a href="/wiki/Reggaeton" title="Reggaeton">Reggaeton</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_reggaeton" title="Alternative reggaeton">Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bachat%C3%B3n" title="Bachatón">Bachatón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moombahton" title="Moombahton">Moombahton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoperreo" title="Neoperreo">Neoperreo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamanian_reggaet%C3%B3n" title="Panamanian reggaetón">Panamanian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Litoraleña</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamarrita" title="Chamarrita">Chamarrita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guarania_(music)" title="Guarania (music)">Guarania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_polka" title="Paraguayan polka">Paraguayan polka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chamam%C3%A9" title="Chamamé">Chamamé</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_criolla" title="Música criolla">Peruvian coastal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Peruvian_music" title="Afro-Peruvian music">Afro-Peruvian music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Festejo" title="Festejo">Festejo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land%C3%B3_(music)" title="Landó (music)">Landó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_de_los_Diablos" title="Son de los Diablos">Son de los Diablos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toro_Mata" title="Toro Mata">Toro Mata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marinera" title="Marinera">Marinera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tondero" title="Tondero">Tondero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vals_criollo" class="mw-redirect" title="Vals criollo">Vals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamacueca" title="Zamacueca">Zamacueca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin_pop" title="Latin pop">Latin pop</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_ballad" title="Latin ballad">Ballad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropipop" title="Tropipop">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_pop_music" title="Mexican pop music">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_canci%C3%B3n" title="Nueva canción">Nueva canción</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_trova" title="Nueva trova">Nueva trova</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Regional_styles_of_Mexican_music" title="Regional styles of Mexican music">Regional<br />Mexican</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corrido" title="Corrido">Corrido</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corridos_tumbados" title="Corridos tumbados">Corridos tumbados</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conjunto" title="Conjunto">Conjunto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norte%C3%B1o_(music)" title="Norteño (music)">Norteño</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nortec" title="Nortec">Nortec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejano_music" title="Tejano music">Tejano</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grupera" title="Grupera">Grupera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duranguense" title="Duranguense">Duranguense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banda_music" title="Banda music">Banda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariachi" title="Mariachi">Mariachi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jarabe" title="Jarabe">Jarabe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranchera" title="Ranchera">Ranchera</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trival" class="mw-redirect" title="Trival">Trival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern Cone</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candombe" title="Candombe">Candombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cueca" title="Cueca">Cueca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_cebolla" title="Música cebolla">Música cebolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milonga_(music)" title="Milonga (music)">Milonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murga" title="Murga">Murga</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Tango" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em"><a href="/wiki/Tango_music" title="Tango music">Tango</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_tango" title="Argentine tango">Argentine tango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milonga_(music)" title="Milonga (music)">Milonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vals_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vals (music)">Vals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neotango" title="Neotango">Neotango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuevo_tango" title="Nuevo tango">Nuevo tango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_tango" title="Uruguayan tango">Uruguayan tango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandoneon" title="Bandoneon">Bandoneon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orquesta_t%C3%ADpica" title="Orquesta típica">Orquesta típica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rock_en_espa%C3%B1ol" title="Rock en español">Rock</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_alternative" title="Latin alternative">Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_rock" title="Argentine rock">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_rock" title="Chicano rock">Chicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_rock" title="Chilean rock">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_rock" title="Colombian rock">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_rock" title="Cuban rock">Cuban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_rock" title="Dominican rock">Dominican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecuadorian_rock" title="Ecuadorian rock">Ecuadorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_rock" title="Latin rock">Latin rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_metal" title="Latin metal">Metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Mexico" title="Rock music in Mexico">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nueva_ola" title="Nueva ola">Nueva ola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_rock" title="Peruvian rock">Peruvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Puerto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock music in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_music_in_Spain" title="Rock music in Spain">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguayan_rock" title="Uruguayan rock">Uruguayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_rock" title="Venezuelan rock">Venezuelan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditional folk</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chacarera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaita_zuliana" title="Gaita zuliana">Gaita zuliana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gato_(artform)" title="Gato (artform)">Gato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joropo" title="Joropo">Joropo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_mexicano" title="Son mexicano">Mexican Son</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Son_huasteco" title="Son huasteco">huasteco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_jalisciense" title="Son jalisciense">jalisciense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_jarocho" title="Son jarocho">jarocho</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonada" title="Tonada">Tonada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamacueca" title="Zamacueca">Zamacueca</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cueca" title="Cueca">Cueca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marinera" title="Marinera">Marinera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamba_(artform)" title="Zamba (artform)">Zamba</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tropical_music" title="Tropical music">Tropical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bachata_(music)" title="Bachata (music)">Bachata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolero" title="Bolero">Bolero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calypso_music" title="Calypso music">Calypso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cha-cha-ch%C3%A1_(music)" title="Cha-cha-chá (music)">Cha-cha-cha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champeta" title="Champeta">Champeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%C3%BC%C3%AD" title="Changüí">Changüí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charanga_(Cuba)" title="Charanga (Cuba)">Charanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conga_(music)" title="Conga (music)">Conga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuarteto" title="Cuarteto">Cuarteto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danz%C3%B3n" title="Danzón">Danzón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guajira_(music)" title="Guajira (music)">Guajira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guaracha" title="Guaracha">Guaracha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mambo_(music)" title="Mambo (music)">Mambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merengue_music" title="Merengue music">Merengue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9ringue" title="Méringue">Méringue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pachanga" title="Pachanga">Pachanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_rumba" title="Cuban rumba">Rumba</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guaguanc%C3%B3" title="Guaguancó">Guaguancó</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_music" title="Salsa music">Salsa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_dura" title="Salsa dura">dura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_rom%C3%A1ntica" title="Salsa romántica">romántica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_cubano" title="Son cubano">Son cubano</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Son_montuno" title="Son montuno">montuno</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timba" title="Timba">Timba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trova" title="Trova">Trova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vallenato" title="Vallenato">Vallenato</a> (<a href="/wiki/Charanga-vallenata" title="Charanga-vallenata">Charanga-vallenata</a>)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Cumbia" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em"><a href="/wiki/Cumbia" title="Cumbia">Cumbia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_cumbia" title="Argentine cumbia">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullerengue" title="Bullerengue">Bullerengue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbia_(Colombia)" title="Cumbia (Colombia)">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_cumbia" title="Mexican cumbia">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Chilean_cumbia" title="New Chilean cumbia">New Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbia_(Panama)" title="Cumbia (Panama)">Panamanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvian_cumbia" title="Peruvian cumbia">Peruvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porro" title="Porro">Porro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbia_rap" title="Cumbia rap">Rap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tecnocumbia" title="Tecnocumbia">Tecnocumbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumbia_villera" title="Cumbia villera">Villera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cachaca_(musical_genre)" title="Cachaca (musical genre)">Cachaca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Afro-Latin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Peruvian_music" title="Afro-Peruvian music">Afro-Peruvian music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomba_(Puerto_Rico)" title="Bomba (Puerto Rico)">Bomba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bomba_(Ecuador)" title="Bomba (Ecuador)">Bomba del Chota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candombe" title="Candombe">Candombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_jazz" title="Latin jazz">Latin jazz</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Cuban_jazz" title="Afro-Cuban jazz">Afro-Cuban jazz</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapal%C3%A9" title="Mapalé">Mapalé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milonga_(music)" title="Milonga (music)">Milonga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambor_(dance)" title="Tambor (dance)">Tambor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_music" title="Tropical music">Tropical music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aguinaldo_(music)" title="Aguinaldo (music)">Aguinaldo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canci%C3%B3n_mel%C3%B3dica" title="Canción melódica">Canción melódica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Christian_music" title="Latin Christian music">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contradanza" title="Contradanza">Contradanza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criolla" title="Criolla">Criolla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danza" title="Danza">Danza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9cima" title="Décima">Décima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passacaglia" title="Passacaglia">Pasacalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasillo" title="Pasillo">Pasillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plena" title="Plena">Plena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preg%C3%B3n" title="Pregón">Pregón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punto_guajiro" title="Punto guajiro">Punto guajiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seis" title="Seis">Seis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_opera" title="Spanish opera">Spanish opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_jazz" title="Spanish jazz">Spanish jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villancico" title="Villancico">Villancico</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_music" title="Latin music">Latin music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Latin_music_subgenres" title="List of Latin music subgenres">subgenres</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Philippines#Hispanic-influenced_music" title="Music of the Philippines">Hispanic-influenced music in the Philippines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q597493#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this 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