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class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" 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class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Blessed Martyrs of Drina</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drinske_mu%C4%8Denice" title="Drinske mučenice – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Drinske mučenice" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drinsk%C3%A9_mu%C4%8Dednice" title="Drinské mučednice – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Drinské mučednice" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martyres_de_la_Drina" title="Martyres de la Drina – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Martyres de la Drina" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drinske_mu%C4%8Denice" title="Drinske mučenice – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Drinske mučenice" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martir_Drina" title="Martir Drina – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Martir Drina" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martiri_della_Drina" title="Martiri della Drina – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Martiri della Drina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drinai_v%C3%A9rtan%C3%BAk" title="Drinai vértanúk – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Drinai vértanúk" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dri%C5%84skie_m%C4%99czennice" title="Drińskie męczennice – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Drińskie męczennice" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1rtires_de_Drina" title="Mártires de Drina – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mártires de Drina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Дринские мученицы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дринские мученицы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drina_Martyrs" title="Drina Martyrs – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Drina Martyrs" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drinske_mu%C4%8Denke" title="Drinske mučenke – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Drinske mučenke" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drinske_mu%C4%8Denice" title="Drinske mučenice – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Drinske mučenice" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drinske_mu%C4%8Denice" title="Drinske mučenice – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Drinske mučenice" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" 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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;background-color:gold;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Blessed Martyrs of Drina</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Martyrs_of_Drina.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Martyrs_of_Drina.jpg/250px-Martyrs_of_Drina.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/41/Martyrs_of_Drina.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="275" data-file-height="362" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Painting of the Holy Martyrs of Drina, with the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Spirit (Christianity)">Holy Ghost</a> above them.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:gold;"><a href="/wiki/Martyrs" class="mw-redirect" title="Martyrs">Martyrs</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gora%C5%BEde" title="Goražde">Goražde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Venerated in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">Beatified</a></th><td class="infobox-data">24 September 2011, <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> by <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholicism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal (Catholicism)">Cardinal</a> <a href="/wiki/Angelo_Amato" title="Angelo Amato">Angelo Amato</a> (on behalf of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Major <a href="/wiki/Shrine" title="Shrine">shrine</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Drina" title="Drina">Drina</a> River, by the town of Goražde</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Feast</a></th><td class="infobox-data">15 December</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Saint_symbolism" title="Saint symbolism">Attributes</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dove" class="mw-redirect" title="Dove">Dove</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Martyr%27s_palm" class="mw-redirect" title="Martyr's palm">Martyr's palm</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Religious_habit" title="Religious habit">Religious habit</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">Patronage</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Nuns, the <a href="/wiki/Illness" class="mw-redirect" title="Illness">sick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Blessed Martyrs of <a href="/wiki/Drina_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Drina River">Drina</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>: <i lang="hr">Drinske mučenice</i>) are the professed <a href="/wiki/Nun" title="Nun">Sisters</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Church_(congregation)" title="Church (congregation)">Congregation</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_Divine_Charity" title="Daughters of Divine Charity">Daughters of Divine Charity</a>, who died during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. Four were killed when they jumped out of a window in <a href="/wiki/Gora%C5%BEde" title="Goražde">Goražde</a> on 15 December 1941, reportedly to avoid being raped by <a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">Chetniks</a>, and the last was killed by the Chetniks in <a href="/wiki/Sjetlina" title="Sjetlina">Sjetlina</a> the following week. The five nuns were later declared <a href="/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr">martyrs</a> and beatified by Pope Benedict XVI (delegated to <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholicism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardinal (Catholicism)">Cardinal</a> <a href="/wiki/Angelo_Amato" title="Angelo Amato">Angelo Amato</a>) on 24 September 2011. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blessed_Martyrs_of_Drina&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 6 April 1941, <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis</a> forces <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">invaded</a> the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a>. Poorly equipped and poorly trained, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Yugoslav_Army" title="Royal Yugoslav Army">Royal Yugoslav Army</a> was quickly defeated. The country was then dismembered. The extreme <a href="/wiki/Croatian_nationalism" title="Croatian nationalism">Croatian nationalist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">fascist</a> <a href="/wiki/Ante_Paveli%C4%87" title="Ante Pavelić">Ante Pavelić</a>, who had been in exile in <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Fascist_Italy_(1922%E2%80%931943)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascist Italy (1922–1943)">Italy</a>, was appointed <i><a href="/wiki/Poglavnik" title="Poglavnik">Poglavnik</a></i> (leader) of an <a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e" title="Ustaše">Ustasha</a>-led Croatian state – the <a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>: <i lang="hr">Nezavisna Država Hrvatska</i>, NDH).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldstein1999133_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldstein1999133-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NDH combined almost all of modern-day <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>, all of modern-day <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> and parts of modern-day <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> into an "Italian-German quasi-protectorate."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001272_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001272-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NDH authorities, led by the <a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e_Militia" title="Ustaše Militia">Ustasha Militia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001397–409_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001397–409-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> subsequently implemented genocidal policies <a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Serbs_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia">against the Serb</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="The Holocaust in the Independent State of Croatia">Jewish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Romani_people_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Genocide of Romani people in the Independent State of Croatia">Romani</a> populations living within the borders of the new state.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare200720–24_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare200720–24-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ethnic Serbs, the largest minority, were massacred, killed in <a href="/wiki/Concentration_camps_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Concentration camps in the Independent State of Croatia">concentration camps</a> or forcibly converted to Catholicism.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001398–399_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001398–399-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two resistance movements emerged to combat the NDH and the Axis occupiers—the royalist Serb <a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">Chetniks</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Colonel" title="Colonel">Colonel</a> <a href="/wiki/Dra%C5%BEa_Mihailovi%C4%87" title="Draža Mihailović">Draža Mihailović</a>, and the multi-ethnic, <a href="/wiki/League_of_Communists_of_Yugoslavia" title="League of Communists of Yugoslavia">communist</a> <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslav Partisans</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet20064_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet20064-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prelude">Prelude</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blessed_Martyrs_of_Drina&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Prelude"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Jezdimir_Dangi%C4%87" title="Jezdimir Dangić">Jezdimir Dangić</a>, an officer who served in the gendarmerie of the <a href="/wiki/Commissioner_Government" title="Commissioner Government">first Serbian puppet government</a> sought permission to travel to <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_(region)" title="Bosnia (region)">Bosnia</a> and escort his family and relatives to safety after news reached him of the Ustaše massacres of Serbs. In the summer his request was approved, and he travelled via Mihailović's headquarters at <a href="/wiki/Ravna_Gora_(Suvobor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ravna Gora (Suvobor)">Ravna Gora</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMilazzo197562_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMilazzo197562-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 1941, Dangić was sent by Mihailović to eastern Bosnia to take command of the Chetnik detachments in the region and bring them under Mihailović's control.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975157_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975157-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He collected a group of Bosnian Serbs and crossed the <a href="/wiki/Drina" title="Drina">Drina</a> River into the NDH, arriving in eastern Bosnia on 16 August.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDedijerMiletić199086_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDedijerMiletić199086-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the beginning, his operations were directed primarily against the Ustaše and the Bosnian Muslim population of the area.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975157_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975157-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By early September, Dangić had established himself as the leader of all Chetnik groups in eastern Bosnia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMilazzo197562_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMilazzo197562-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late November 1941, Major <a href="/wiki/Bo%C5%A1ko_Todorovi%C4%87" title="Boško Todorović">Boško Todorović</a> reached an agreement with Lieutenant-Colonel Castagnieri, commander of the Italian garrison in <a href="/wiki/Gora%C5%BEde" title="Goražde">Goražde</a>, regarding the Italian evacuation and hand-over of the town to the Chetniks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERedžić2005139_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERedžić2005139-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 29 November 1941, the Italians placed Goražde under the control of Dangić's men.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2006145_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2006145-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The town was under complete Chetnik control by 1 December. Following the arrival of Dangić, Chetnik bands spread through the town and began killing, raping, pillaging and torching homes. A significant number of victims were killed on a bridge over the Drina, after which their bodies were dropped into the river.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDulić201086–87_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDulić201086–87-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Home_Guard_(Independent_State_of_Croatia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian Home Guard (Independent State of Croatia)">Croatian Home Guard</a> prisoners and NDH officials were also immediately executed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2006145_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2006145-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chetnik forces in Bosnia, including those of Dangić, then set about pursuing an anti-Muslim campaign through eastern Bosnia to recompense for the persecution experienced by ethnic Serbs in the NDH.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac1996143_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac1996143-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blessed_Martyrs_of_Drina&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Martyrdom">Martyrdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blessed_Martyrs_of_Drina&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Martyrdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dangić's Chetniks entered the town of <a href="/wiki/Pale,_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Pale, Bosnia and Herzegovina">Pale</a> on 11 December.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEŽanić2007274_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEŽanić2007274-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They looted and burnt down the local Roman Catholic <a href="/wiki/Convent" title="Convent">convent</a>, Marijin dom ("Mary's Home"), and captured its five nuns (two <a href="/wiki/Slovenes" title="Slovenes">Slovene</a>, one <a href="/wiki/Croat" class="mw-redirect" title="Croat">Croat</a>, one <a href="/wiki/Hungarians" title="Hungarians">Hungarian</a>, and one <a href="/wiki/Austrians" title="Austrians">Austrian</a>). The five were Jula Ivanišević (<abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1893), Berchmana Leidenix (<abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1865), Krizina Bojanc (<abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1885), Antonija Fabjan (<abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1907) and Bernadeta Banja (Bernadett Bánya) (<abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1912). That evening, the nuns and some other prisoners were forced to march across the <a href="/wiki/Romanija" title="Romanija">Romanija</a> mountain range in <a href="/wiki/Freezing" title="Freezing">freezing</a> temperatures and waist-deep <a href="/wiki/Snow" title="Snow">snow</a>. The five were mocked, insulted and threatened by their captors as they marched. While passing through the village of <a href="/wiki/Sjetlina" title="Sjetlina">Sjetlina</a>, 76-year-old sister Leidenix became exhausted. She was separated from the group and forced to remain behind.<sup id="cite_ref-Glas_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glas-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The four remaining nuns were taken to <a href="/wiki/Gora%C5%BEde" title="Goražde">Goražde</a> on 15 December and detained on the third floor of a former Royal Yugoslav Army barracks upon arrival.<sup id="cite_ref-Bunjevac_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bunjevac-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That evening, a group of Chetniks entered the room in which they were being held and attempted to <a href="/wiki/Rape" title="Rape">rape</a> them. The four then committed <a href="/wiki/Suicide" title="Suicide">suicide</a>, jumping from the second-floor window to avoid being raped.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEŽanić2007274_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEŽanić2007274-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some sources <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (June 2021)">who?</span></a></i>]</sup> hold that all four survived their suicide attempts and were bayoneted to death by several infuriated Chetnik officers.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In any case, the bodies were taken from the barracks and thrown into the Drina River. Sister Leidenix was taken to a forest near Sjetlina by several Chetniks on 23 December, having been told that she would soon be taken to Goražde to be reunited with the other nuns. She was never seen again. One of the Chetniks who emerged from the forest without her was later seen wearing her <a href="/wiki/Rosary" title="Rosary">rosary</a> around his neck.<sup id="cite_ref-Bunjevac_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bunjevac-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blessed_Martyrs_of_Drina&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jezdimir_Dangic_trial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Jezdimir_Dangic_trial.jpg/220px-Jezdimir_Dangic_trial.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Jezdimir_Dangic_trial.jpg/330px-Jezdimir_Dangic_trial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Jezdimir_Dangic_trial.jpg/440px-Jezdimir_Dangic_trial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2125" data-file-height="1385" /></a><figcaption>Jezdimir Dangić at trial</figcaption></figure> <p>News of the deaths quickly spread throughout the NDH.<sup id="cite_ref-Glas_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glas-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 1942, Dangić was arrested by the Germans and taken to a <a href="/wiki/Prisoner-of-war_camp" title="Prisoner-of-war camp">prisoner-of-war camp</a> in <a href="/wiki/German-occupied_Poland" title="German-occupied Poland">German-occupied Poland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975208_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975208-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He escaped from prison in 1943<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDedijerMiletić199086_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDedijerMiletić199086-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and participated in the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Uprising" title="Warsaw Uprising">Warsaw Uprising</a> against the Germans the following year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEColić1973335_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEColić1973335-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dangić was captured by the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> in 1945 and extradited to <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>'s new communist authorities,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiletić1976121_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiletić1976121-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who charged him with <a href="/wiki/Chetnik_war_crimes_in_World_War_II" title="Chetnik war crimes in World War II">war crimes</a>. He was tried, found guilty by a court in <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a> and sentenced to death.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975208_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975208-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was <a href="/wiki/Execution_by_firing_squad" title="Execution by firing squad">executed by firing squad</a> on 22 August 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiletić1976121_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiletić1976121-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beatification">Beatification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blessed_Martyrs_of_Drina&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Beatification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The five nuns were declared <a href="/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr">martyrs</a>, On 14 January 2011, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a> announced the promulgation of decrees of the <a href="/wiki/Congregation_for_the_Causes_of_Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregation for the Causes of Saints">Congregation for the Causes of Saints</a>. The nuns were <a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">beatified</a> at a ceremony presided over by <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)" title="Cardinal (Catholic Church)">Cardinal</a> <a href="/wiki/Angelo_Amato" title="Angelo Amato">Angelo Amato</a> in Sarajevo on 24 September 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A non-fiction book about the nuns was written by Croatian author Anto Baković, titled <i>Drinske mučenice</i> (<i>Drina Martyrs</i>; Sarajevo, 1990). Sister Slavica Buljan, a Bosnian-Croatian nun, writer and poet, wrote <i>Zavjet krvlju potpisan</i> (<i>Vow Signed With Blood</i>; <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a>, 2010).<sup id="cite_ref-Bunjevac_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bunjevac-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blessed_Martyrs_of_Drina&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldstein1999133-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldstein1999133_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoldstein1999">Goldstein 1999</a>, p. 133.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001272-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001272_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, p. 272.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001397–409-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001397–409_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, pp. 397–409.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare200720–24-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare200720–24_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoare2007">Hoare 2007</a>, pp. 20–24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBiondich2011" class="citation book cs1">Biondich, Mark (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gt8SDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA141"><i>The Balkans: Revolution, War, and Political Violence Since 1878</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 140-142. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199299058" title="Special:BookSources/9780199299058"><bdi>9780199299058</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Balkans%3A+Revolution%2C+War%2C+and+Political+Violence+Since+1878&rft.pages=140-142&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780199299058&rft.aulast=Biondich&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dgt8SDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlessed+Martyrs+of+Drina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001398–399-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001398–399_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, pp. 398–399.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERamet20064-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERamet20064_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRamet2006">Ramet 2006</a>, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMilazzo197562-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMilazzo197562_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMilazzo197562_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMilazzo1975">Milazzo 1975</a>, p. 62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975157-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975157_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975157_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich1975">Tomasevich 1975</a>, p. 157.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDedijerMiletić199086-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDedijerMiletić199086_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDedijerMiletić199086_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDedijerMiletić1990">Dedijer & Miletić 1990</a>, p. 86.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERedžić2005139-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERedžić2005139_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRedžić2005">Redžić 2005</a>, p. 139.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHoare2006145-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2006145_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHoare2006145_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHoare2006">Hoare 2006</a>, p. 145.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDulić201086–87-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDulić201086–87_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDulić2010">Dulić 2010</a>, pp. 86–87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBanac1996143-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBanac1996143_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBanac1996">Banac 1996</a>, p. 143.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEŽanić2007274-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEŽanić2007274_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEŽanić2007274_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFŽanić2007">Žanić 2007</a>, p. 274.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Glas-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Glas_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glas_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.glas-koncila.hr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=328&Itemid=284">"Drinske mučenice"</a>. Glas koncila. 13 January 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Drinske+mu%C4%8Denice&rft.pub=Glas+koncila&rft.date=2011-01-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.glas-koncila.hr%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D328%26Itemid%3D284&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlessed+Martyrs+of+Drina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bunjevac-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bunjevac_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bunjevac_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bunjevac_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStipan_Bunjevac2011" class="citation web cs1">Stipan Bunjevac (9 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.glas-koncila.hr/index.php?option=com_php&Itemid=41&news_ID=18984">"Godina 1941. u Goraždu, na rijeci Drini..."</a> Glas koncila<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Godina+1941.+u+Gora%C5%BEdu%2C+na+rijeci+Drini...&rft.pub=Glas+koncila&rft.date=2011-04-09&rft.au=Stipan+Bunjevac&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.glas-koncila.hr%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_php%26Itemid%3D41%26news_ID%3D18984&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlessed+Martyrs+of+Drina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975208-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975208_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich1975208_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTomasevich1975">Tomasevich 1975</a>, p. 208.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEColić1973335-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEColić1973335_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFColić1973">Colić 1973</a>, p. 335.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMiletić1976121-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiletić1976121_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMiletić1976121_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMiletić1976">Miletić 1976</a>, p. 121.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vecernji.ba/drinske-mucenice-proglasene-blazenim-329937">"Drinske mučenice proglašene blaženim"</a>. Večernji list. 24 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Drinske+mu%C4%8Denice+progla%C5%A1ene+bla%C5%BEenim&rft.pub=Ve%C4%8Dernji+list&rft.date=2011-09-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vecernji.ba%2Fdrinske-mucenice-proglasene-blazenim-329937&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlessed+Martyrs+of+Drina" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blessed_Martyrs_of_Drina&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBanac1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ivo_Banac" title="Ivo Banac">Banac, Ivo</a> (1996). "The Muslims of Bosnia-Herzegovina: From Religious Community to Statehood, 1919–1992". In Pinson, Mark (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Yl3TAkJmztYC"><i>The Muslims of Bosnia-Herzegovina: Their Historic Development from the Middle Ages to the Dissolution of Yugoslavia</i></a>. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-932885-12-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-932885-12-8"><bdi>978-0-932885-12-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Muslims+of+Bosnia-Herzegovina%3A+From+Religious+Community+to+Statehood%2C+1919%E2%80%931992&rft.btitle=The+Muslims+of+Bosnia-Herzegovina%3A+Their+Historic+Development+from+the+Middle+Ages+to+the+Dissolution+of+Yugoslavia&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-932885-12-8&rft.aulast=Banac&rft.aufirst=Ivo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYl3TAkJmztYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlessed+Martyrs+of+Drina" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColić1973" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Colić, Mladen (1973). <i>Takozvana Nezavisna Država Hrvatska</i> (in Serbian). <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>: Delta-press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Takozvana+Nezavisna+Dr%C5%BEava+Hrvatska&rft.place=Belgrade&rft.pub=Delta-press&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Coli%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Mladen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlessed+Martyrs+of+Drina" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDedijerMiletić1990" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Dedijer, Vladimir; <a href="/wiki/Antun_Mileti%C4%87" title="Antun Miletić">Miletić, Antun</a> (1990). <i>Genocid nad Muslimanima, 1941–1945</i> (in Croatian). Sarajevo: Svjetlost.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genocid+nad+Muslimanima%2C+1941%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Sarajevo&rft.pub=Svjetlost&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Dedijer&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rft.au=Mileti%C4%87%2C+Antun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlessed+Martyrs+of+Drina" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDulić2010" class="citation book cs1">Dulić, Tomislav (2010). "Ethnic Violence in Occupied Yugoslavia: Mass Killing from Above and Below". In Djokić, Dejan; Ker-Lindsay, James (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F-QfdGBX0ZoC"><i>New Perspectives on Yugoslavia: Key Issues and Controversies</i></a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-203-84601-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-203-84601-8"><bdi>978-0-203-84601-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ethnic+Violence+in+Occupied+Yugoslavia%3A+Mass+Killing+from+Above+and+Below&rft.btitle=New+Perspectives+on+Yugoslavia%3A+Key+Issues+and+Controversies&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-203-84601-8&rft.aulast=Duli%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Tomislav&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF-QfdGBX0ZoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlessed+Martyrs+of+Drina" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoare2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Marko_Attila_Hoare" title="Marko Attila Hoare">Hoare, Marko Attila</a> (2006). <i>Genocide and Resistance in Hitler's Bosnia: The Partisans and the Chetniks, 1941–1943</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-726380-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-726380-8"><bdi>978-0-19-726380-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genocide+and+Resistance+in+Hitler%27s+Bosnia%3A+The+Partisans+and+the+Chetniks%2C+1941%E2%80%931943&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-19-726380-8&rft.aulast=Hoare&rft.aufirst=Marko+Attila&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlessed+Martyrs+of+Drina" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoare2007" class="citation book cs1">Hoare, Marko Attila (2007). <i>The History of Bosnia: From the Middle Ages to the Present Day</i>. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>: Saqi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86356-953-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86356-953-1"><bdi>978-0-86356-953-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Bosnia%3A+From+the+Middle+Ages+to+the+Present+Day&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Saqi&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-86356-953-1&rft.aulast=Hoare&rft.aufirst=Marko+Attila&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlessed+Martyrs+of+Drina" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldstein1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ivo_Goldstein" title="Ivo Goldstein">Goldstein, Ivo</a> (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/croatia00ivog"><i>Croatia: A History</i></a></span>. McGill-Queen's Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-2017-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-2017-2"><bdi>978-0-7735-2017-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Croatia%3A+A+History&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-7735-2017-2&rft.aulast=Goldstein&rft.aufirst=Ivo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcroatia00ivog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlessed+Martyrs+of+Drina" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilazzo1975" class="citation book cs1">Milazzo, Matteo J. (1975). <i>The Chetnik Movement & the Yugoslav Resistance</i>. Johns Hopkins University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-1589-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-1589-8"><bdi>978-0-8018-1589-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chetnik+Movement+%26+the+Yugoslav+Resistance&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-1589-8&rft.aulast=Milazzo&rft.aufirst=Matteo+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlessed+Martyrs+of+Drina" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiletić1976" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Miletić, Antun (1976). <i>Dokumenti Nemačkog Rajha 1941–1945</i>. Zbornik dokumenata i podataka o narodnooslobodilačkom ratu naroda Jugoslavije (in Serbian). Vol. XII, 2. <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>: Vojnoistorijski institut.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dokumenti+Nema%C4%8Dkog+Rajha+1941%E2%80%931945&rft.place=Belgrade&rft.series=Zbornik+dokumenata+i+podataka+o+narodnooslobodila%C4%8Dkom+ratu+naroda+Jugoslavije&rft.pub=Vojnoistorijski+institut&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Mileti%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Antun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlessed+Martyrs+of+Drina" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamet2006" class="citation book cs1">Ramet, Sabrina P. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FTw3lEqi2-oC"><i>The Three Yugoslavias: State-Building and Legitimation, 1918–2005</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Bloomington,_Indiana" title="Bloomington, Indiana">Bloomington, Indiana</a>: Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-34656-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-34656-8"><bdi>978-0-253-34656-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Three+Yugoslavias%3A+State-Building+and+Legitimation%2C+1918%E2%80%932005&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+Indiana&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-253-34656-8&rft.aulast=Ramet&rft.aufirst=Sabrina+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFTw3lEqi2-oC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlessed+Martyrs+of+Drina" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRedžić2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Enver_Red%C5%BEi%C4%87" title="Enver Redžić">Redžić, Enver</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mXiSKULRN-oC"><i>Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Second World War</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Abingdon-on-Thames" title="Abingdon-on-Thames">Abingdon-on-Thames</a>: Frank Cass. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-5625-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-5625-0"><bdi>978-0-7146-5625-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bosnia+and+Herzegovina+in+the+Second+World+War&rft.place=Abingdon-on-Thames&rft.pub=Frank+Cass&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7146-5625-0&rft.aulast=Red%C5%BEi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Enver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmXiSKULRN-oC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlessed+Martyrs+of+Drina" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomasevich1975" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jozo_Tomasevich" title="Jozo Tomasevich">Tomasevich, Jozo</a> (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yoCaAAAAIAAJ"><i>War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: The Chetniks</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Stanford,_California" title="Stanford, California">Stanford, California</a>: Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-0857-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-0857-9"><bdi>978-0-8047-0857-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+and+Revolution+in+Yugoslavia%2C+1941%E2%80%931945%3A+The+Chetniks&rft.place=Stanford%2C+California&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-0857-9&rft.aulast=Tomasevich&rft.aufirst=Jozo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyoCaAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlessed+Martyrs+of+Drina" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomasevich2001" class="citation book cs1">Tomasevich, Jozo (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fqUSGevFe5MC"><i>War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: Occupation and Collaboration</i></a>. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-3615-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-3615-2"><bdi>978-0-8047-3615-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+and+Revolution+in+Yugoslavia%2C+1941%E2%80%931945%3A+Occupation+and+Collaboration&rft.place=Stanford%2C+California&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-3615-2&rft.aulast=Tomasevich&rft.aufirst=Jozo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfqUSGevFe5MC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlessed+Martyrs+of+Drina" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŽanić2007" class="citation book cs1">Žanić, Ivo (2007). <i>Flag on the Mountain: A Political Anthropology of War in Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina, 1990–1995</i>. <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>: Saqi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86356-815-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86356-815-2"><bdi>978-0-86356-815-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flag+on+the+Mountain%3A+A+Political+Anthropology+of+War+in+Croatia+and+Bosnia-Herzegovina%2C+1990%E2%80%931995&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Saqi&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-86356-815-2&rft.aulast=%C5%BDani%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Ivo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABlessed+Martyrs+of+Drina" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blessed_Martyrs_of_Drina&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Franc Ksaver Meško: <i>Izbrano delo I-VI</i> Mohorjeva družba v Celju (1954–1960)</li> <li>Anto Baković: <i>Drinske mučenice, Vlastita svjedočanstva, Svjedočanstva očividaca, Dokumenti,</i> Anto Baković, Sarajevo 1990.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blessed_Martyrs_of_Drina&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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