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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prehistory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Prehistory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exploration,_New_Spain,_and_Mexico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exploration,_New_Spain,_and_Mexico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Exploration, New Spain, and Mexico</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exploration,_New_Spain,_and_Mexico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Territory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Territory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Territory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Territory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Statehood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statehood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Statehood</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Statehood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Water sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mining" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mining"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Mining</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mining-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mining_towns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mining_towns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Mining towns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mining_towns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Homesteading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Homesteading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Homesteading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Homesteading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twentieth_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twentieth_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Twentieth century</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Twentieth_century-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Twentieth century subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Twentieth_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion_and_ethnicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_and_ethnicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Religion and ethnicity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_and_ethnicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gambling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gambling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Gambling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gambling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prostitution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prostitution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Prostitution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prostitution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Military activities</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Military_activities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet 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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Recent history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Surveys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surveys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Surveys</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surveys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cities_and_regions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cities_and_regions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Cities and regions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cities_and_regions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy_and_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy_and_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Economy and people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy_and_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Primary_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.5</span> <span>Primary sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p>The <b>History of Nevada</b> as a state began when it became the 36th state on October 31, 1864, after <a href="/wiki/Telegraph" class="mw-redirect" title="Telegraph">telegraphing</a> the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Nevada" title="Constitution of Nevada">Constitution of Nevada</a> to the <a href="/wiki/38th_United_States_Congress" title="38th United States Congress">Congress</a> days before the <a href="/wiki/U.S._presidential_election,_1864" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. presidential election, 1864">November 8 presidential election</a> (the largest and costliest transmission ever by telegraph). Statehood was rushed to help ensure three <a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">electoral votes</a> for <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a>'s reelection and add to the Republican congressional majorities.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nevada's harsh but rich <a href="/wiki/Natural_environment" title="Natural environment">environment</a> shaped its history and culture. Before 1858 small <a href="/wiki/Mormon" class="mw-redirect" title="Mormon">Mormon</a> settlements existed along the border of <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a>, with the western part stumbling along until the great <a href="/wiki/Silver_mining" title="Silver mining">silver strikes</a> beginning in 1858 created boom towns and fabulous fortunes. After the beginning of the 20th century, profits declined while <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1912)" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1912)">progressive</a> reformers sought to curb <a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">capitalism</a>. They imagined a civilized Nevada of universities, lofty idealism, and social reform. But an economic bust during the 1910s and disillusionment from failures at social reform and a <a href="/wiki/Population_decline" title="Population decline">population decline</a> of nearly one-fourth meant that by 1920 Nevada had degenerated into a "beautiful desert of buried hopes."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The boom returned when big-time <a href="/wiki/Casino_gambling" class="mw-redirect" title="Casino gambling">gambling</a> arrived in 1931, and with good transportation (especially to California metropolitan areas), the nation's easiest <a href="/wiki/Divorce_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Divorce law">divorce laws</a>, and a speculative get-rich-quick spirit, Nevada had a boom-and-bust economy that was mostly boom until the worldwide financial crisis of 2008 revealed extravagant speculation in housing and casinos on an epic scale.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wpdms_nevada_territory_1861.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Wpdms_nevada_territory_1861.png" decoding="async" width="217" height="234" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="217" data-file-height="234" /></a><figcaption>The Nevada 1861 territory boundary (blue) changed three times: 1864 statehood shifted eastern border from 39th to 38th meridian, <a href="/wiki/Washington_Meridian#Western_state_borders" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Meridian">1866 May 5; east border</a> (pink) moved eastward 53.3 mi (85.8 km), from the 38th to 37th meridian, and 1867 January 18; south boundary (yellow) moved from the <a href="/wiki/37th_parallel_north" title="37th parallel north">37th parallel north</a> southward to the current boundary (14 Stat. 43)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Indian_wars_and_conflicts_of_Nevada" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Indian_wars_and_conflicts_of_Nevada" title="Template:Campaignbox Indian wars and conflicts of Nevada"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Indian_wars_and_conflicts_of_Nevada" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Indian wars and conflicts of Nevada"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Indian_wars_and_conflicts_of_Nevada" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Indian wars and conflicts of Nevada"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Indian_wars_and_conflicts_of_Nevada" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Wars" title="American Indian Wars">Indian wars</a> and conflicts of <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paiute_War" title="Paiute War">Paiute War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owens_Valley_Indian_War" title="Owens Valley Indian War">Owens Valley Indian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goshute_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Goshute War">Goshute War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snake_War" title="Snake War">Snake War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kelley_Creek" title="Battle of Kelley Creek">Battle of Kelley Creek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_history">Early history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Nevada&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Nevada" title="Outline of Nevada">Outline of Nevada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_American_Old_West" title="Timeline of the American Old West">Timeline of the American Old West</a></div> <p>Geologic events formed the state's <a href="/wiki/Basin_and_Range_Province" title="Basin and Range Province">Basin and Range</a> topography, the "<a href="/wiki/Great_Basin_section" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Basin section">Nevada Basin</a>" physiographic region,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the central Nevada desert (e.g., the recession of the <a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a> <a href="/wiki/Lake_Lahontan" title="Lake Lahontan">Lake Lahontan</a> changed the <a href="/wiki/Humboldt_River" title="Humboldt River">Humboldt River</a> course), and <a href="/wiki/Great_Basin_tribes" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Basin tribes">Great Basin</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Northern_Paiute" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Paiute">Paiute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shoshone" title="Shoshone">Shoshone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quoeech" title="Quoeech">Quoeech</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washoe_people" title="Washoe people">Washoe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Walapai" class="mw-redirect" title="Walapai">Walapai</a> tribes had inhabited Nevada for millennia before <a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Spanish colonization of the Americas">Euro-Americans</a> arrived in the 18th century.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistory">Prehistory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Nevada&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Prehistory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Paleontology_in_Nevada" title="Paleontology in Nevada">Paleontology in Nevada</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tufa_petroglyph_site.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Tufa_petroglyph_site.jpg/220px-Tufa_petroglyph_site.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Tufa_petroglyph_site.jpg/330px-Tufa_petroglyph_site.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Tufa_petroglyph_site.jpg/440px-Tufa_petroglyph_site.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3500" data-file-height="2474" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Winnemucca_Lake" title="Winnemucca Lake">Winnemucca Lake</a> petroglyphs; researchers dated the carvings to between 14,800 and 10,500 years ago.</figcaption></figure> <p>During the Late <a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">Precambrian</a>, eastern and southern Nevada was being gradually covered by a shallow <a href="/wiki/Sea" title="Sea">sea</a>, which continued to expand into the state through the <a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">Devonian</a>. More than 500 kinds of <a href="/wiki/Paleozoic" title="Paleozoic">Paleozoic</a> <a href="/wiki/Invertebrates" class="mw-redirect" title="Invertebrates">invertebrates</a> are known to have inhabited Nevada during the <a href="/wiki/Cambrian" title="Cambrian">Cambrian</a>, Devonian, and <a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">Carboniferous</a> periods of the Paleozoic era.<sup id="cite_ref-nevada-paleoportal-general_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nevada-paleoportal-general-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Near the end of the Devonian, an interval of mountain building called the <a href="/wiki/Antler_Orogeny" class="mw-redirect" title="Antler Orogeny">Antler Orogeny</a> began, and it continued into the Early Carboniferous. Dropping sea levels exposed regions of Nevada as dry land, contributing to the formation of environments in eastern Nevada such as <a href="/wiki/Lagoons" class="mw-redirect" title="Lagoons">lagoons</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beaches" class="mw-redirect" title="Beaches">beaches</a>. Nevada's sea level continued to drop during the <a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">Triassic</a> period, but the western part of the state was still relatively deep.<sup id="cite_ref-nevada-paleoportal-general_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nevada-paleoportal-general-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the <a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">Jurassic</a>, the only deep marine habitats of Nevada were in the northwestern part of the state, central Nevada was only under shallow water, and eastern and southern Nevada were characterized by other types of environment such as <a href="/wiki/Wetland" title="Wetland">wetlands</a>. During the <a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">Cretaceous</a>, a volcanic island chain formed in far western Nevada.<sup id="cite_ref-nevada-paleoportal-general_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nevada-paleoportal-general-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Cenozoic" title="Cenozoic">Cenozoic</a> geologic upheaval, <a href="/wiki/Basin_and_Range_Province" title="Basin and Range Province">Basin and Range</a> <a href="/wiki/Physiographic_province" title="Physiographic province">physiographic province</a> was created, which formed <a href="/wiki/Woodland" title="Woodland">woodlands</a> harboring trees like <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oaks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Redwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Redwood">redwoods</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Willow" title="Willow">willows</a> and wildlife including <a href="/wiki/Horse" title="Horse">horses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mammoth" title="Mammoth">mammoths</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rhino" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhino">rhinos</a>. Nevada's <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_(U.S.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sierra Nevada (U.S.)">Sierra Nevada</a> Mountains were later also formed, with wildlife in the region including <a href="/wiki/Camel" title="Camel">camels</a>, horses, mammoths, and <a href="/wiki/Giant_ground_sloths" class="mw-redirect" title="Giant ground sloths">giant ground sloths</a>. The Cenozoic period was high in volcanic activity, and <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_eruption" class="mw-redirect" title="Volcanic eruption">eruptions</a> regularly shook.<sup id="cite_ref-nevada-paleoportal-general_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nevada-paleoportal-general-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevada's <a href="/wiki/Trace_fossil" title="Trace fossil">trace fossil</a> record from the <a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a> is very rich, and creatures included <a href="/wiki/Birds" class="mw-redirect" title="Birds">birds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giant_sloth" class="mw-redirect" title="Giant sloth">giant sloths</a>, horses, <a href="/wiki/Lion" title="Lion">lions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mastodon" title="Mastodon">mastodons</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wolves" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolves">wolves</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the present day, some fossils from these two periods are preserved at state parks in Nevada such as <a href="/wiki/Ice_Age_Fossils_State_Park" title="Ice Age Fossils State Park">Ice Age Fossils State Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tule_Springs_Fossil_Beds_National_Monument" title="Tule Springs Fossil Beds National Monument">Tule Springs Fossil Beds National Monument</a>, both near Las Vegas.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The oldest known <a href="/wiki/Petroglyph" title="Petroglyph">petroglyphs</a> in North America are in the Great Basin. Near the banks of <a href="/wiki/Winnemucca_Lake" title="Winnemucca Lake">Winnemucca Lake</a> in Nevada, this rock art dates between 10,500 and 14,800 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Archaeologists called the local period 9,000 BCE to 400 CE the Great Basin Desert Archaic Period. This was followed by the time of the <a href="/wiki/Fremont_culture" title="Fremont culture">Fremont culture</a>, who were <a href="/wiki/Hunter-gatherer" title="Hunter-gatherer">hunter-gatherers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Agriculturalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculturalists">agriculturalists</a>. <a href="/wiki/Numic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Numic language">Numic language</a>-speakers, ancestors of today's <a href="/wiki/Western_Shoshone" title="Western Shoshone">Western Shoshone</a> and both <a href="/wiki/Northern_Paiute_people" title="Northern Paiute people">Northern Paiute people</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Paiute_people" title="Southern Paiute people">Southern Paiute people</a> entered the region around the 14th century CE.<sup id="cite_ref-gbh_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gbh-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exploration,_New_Spain,_and_Mexico"><span id="Exploration.2C_New_Spain.2C_and_Mexico"></span>Exploration, New Spain, and Mexico</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Nevada&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Exploration, New Spain, and Mexico"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1770s, Franciscan missionary <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Garc%C3%A9s" title="Francisco Garcés">Francisco Garcés</a>, born in Morata del Conde, Aragon, Spain in 1738, was the first European in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevada was annexed as a part of the Spanish Empire in the northwestern territory of New Spain. Nevada became a part of <a href="/wiki/Alta_California" title="Alta California">Alta California</a> (<i>Upper California</i>) province in 1804 when <a href="/wiki/The_Californias" title="The Californias">the Californias</a> were split. With the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_War_of_Independence" title="Mexican War of Independence">Mexican War of Independence</a> won in 1821, the province of Alta California became a territory of <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>. In later years, a desire for increased autonomy led to several attempts by the Alta Californians to gain independence from Mexico. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jedediah_Smith" title="Jedediah Smith">Jedediah Smith</a> entered the <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Valley" title="Las Vegas Valley">Las Vegas Valley</a> in 1827, and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Skene_Ogden" title="Peter Skene Ogden">Peter Skene Ogden</a> traveled the <a href="/wiki/Humboldt_River" title="Humboldt River">Humboldt River</a> in 1828. As a result of the <a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Guadalupe_Hidalgo" title="Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo">Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> permanently lost Alta California in 1848. The new areas acquired by the United States continued to be administered as territories. As part of the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Cession" title="Mexican Cession">Mexican Cession</a> (1848) and the subsequent <a href="/wiki/California_Gold_Rush" class="mw-redirect" title="California Gold Rush">California Gold Rush</a> that used <a href="/wiki/Emigrant_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="Emigrant Trail">Emigrant Trails</a> through the area, the <a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_Nevada" title="Territorial evolution of Nevada">state's area evolved</a> first as part of the <a href="/wiki/Utah_Territory" title="Utah Territory">Utah Territory</a>, then the <a href="/wiki/Nevada_Territory" title="Nevada Territory">Nevada Territory</a> (March 2, 1861; named for the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_(U.S.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sierra Nevada (U.S.)">Sierra Nevada</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The capital is <a href="/wiki/Carson_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Carson City">Carson City</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Territory">Territory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Nevada&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Territory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nevada became part of the United States with the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Guadalupe_Hidalgo" title="Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo">Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo</a> with Mexico in 1848. Mexico had never established any control in Nevada, but American mountain men were in Washoe (the early name for Nevada) as early as 1827. A permanent American presence began in 1851 when the Mormons set up way stations en route to the California goldfields. In the absence of any governmental authority, some 50 Mormons and non-Mormon prospectors and cattle ranchers drew up the "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Washoe_code&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Washoe code (page does not exist)">Washoe code</a>" to deal with land claims; its coverage eventually covered other governmental issues. There still was no federal presence in the area so religious tensions worsened and petitions of complaint went to Washington. Non-Mormons sought annexation to California. <a href="/wiki/Utah_Territory" title="Utah Territory">Utah Territory</a> countered this by incorporating the area as a county. When Federal troops were sent to Utah in 1857, the Mormons left Washoe. The non-Mormons took over and launched a move for separate territorial status. </p><p>The early 1860s saw the end of an Indian war, the great <a href="/wiki/Comstock_Lode" title="Comstock Lode">Comstock</a> mining boom of 1859 in <a href="/wiki/Virginia_City,_Nevada" title="Virginia City, Nevada">Virginia City</a> and the coming of the Civil War. The provisional territorial government led to the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Nevada_Territory" title="Nevada Territory">Nevada Territory</a> by Congress in 1861. The pragmatic attempts to establish workable frontier institutions had failed and the paternalistic territorial system was welcomed.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Statehood">Statehood</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Nevada&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Statehood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_States_of_California_and_Nevada_by_SB_Linton_1876.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Map_of_the_States_of_California_and_Nevada_by_SB_Linton_1876.jpg/220px-Map_of_the_States_of_California_and_Nevada_by_SB_Linton_1876.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Map_of_the_States_of_California_and_Nevada_by_SB_Linton_1876.jpg/330px-Map_of_the_States_of_California_and_Nevada_by_SB_Linton_1876.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Map_of_the_States_of_California_and_Nevada_by_SB_Linton_1876.jpg/440px-Map_of_the_States_of_California_and_Nevada_by_SB_Linton_1876.jpg 2x" data-file-width="14298" data-file-height="16283" /></a><figcaption>Map of the States of California and Nevada by SB Linton, 1876</figcaption></figure> <p>Statehood came in 1864 following a <a href="/wiki/Carson_City,_Nevada" title="Carson City, Nevada">Carson City</a> convention (July 4–28) and a public vote on September 7 (the population of 6,857 in 1860 increased to 42,941 in 1870), although Nevada had far fewer than the 60,000 people usually required. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nevada,_Reno" title="University of Nevada, Reno">University of Nevada</a> was founded in <a href="/wiki/Elko,_Nevada" title="Elko, Nevada">Elko</a> in 1874 and moved to Reno in 1885 (extension <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nevada,_Las_Vegas" title="University of Nevada, Las Vegas">classes began at Las Vegas</a> in 1951). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water_sources">Water sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Nevada&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Water sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The largest United States reservoir (<a href="/wiki/Lake_Mead" title="Lake Mead">Lake Mead</a>) was created by the <a href="/wiki/Hoover_Dam" title="Hoover Dam">Hoover Dam</a> on the state's 1867 <a href="/wiki/Colorado_River" title="Colorado River">Colorado River</a> border (construction began in 1931). From 1930 to 2000, the <a href="/wiki/Clark_County,_Nevada" title="Clark County, Nevada">Clark County</a> population grew from 8,532 to 1,375,765; while the <a href="/wiki/Reno_(Nevada_gaming_area)" title="Reno (Nevada gaming area)">Reno population</a> increased from 18,529 to 180,480. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For historic locations of <a href="/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal">New Deal</a> projects, see <a href="/wiki/Category:New_Deal_in_Nevada" title="Category:New Deal in Nevada">Category:New Deal in Nevada</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mining">Mining</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Nevada&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Mining"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mill_Remnants,_Winnemucca_Mountain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Mill_Remnants%2C_Winnemucca_Mountain.jpg/170px-Mill_Remnants%2C_Winnemucca_Mountain.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Mill_Remnants%2C_Winnemucca_Mountain.jpg/255px-Mill_Remnants%2C_Winnemucca_Mountain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Mill_Remnants%2C_Winnemucca_Mountain.jpg/340px-Mill_Remnants%2C_Winnemucca_Mountain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Ruins of an early 20th-century mill, <a href="/wiki/Winnemucca,_Nevada" title="Winnemucca, Nevada">Winnemucca Mountain</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The 1859 <a href="/wiki/Comstock_Lode" title="Comstock Lode">Comstock Lode</a> discovery opened the era of <a href="/wiki/Silver_mining_in_Nevada" title="Silver mining in Nevada">silver mining in Nevada</a>, and attracted thousands of miners—most from California. It was discovered by James Finney in Carson County. Disputes over the legal limits of a claim soon went to court, as the Law of the Apex, used to determine those limits, was unworkable for the deep ore bodies in the Comstock. The legal and judicial system of Carson County was unprepared for the tremendous demands placed on it. Judges were underpaid and underqualified, bribery of witnesses and jurors was commonplace, vague record-keeping created nearly insurmountable difficulties with property titles, and evidence was often destroyed. Though workable mining laws still were needed, the resignation of the entire territorial supreme court in 1864 did cause litigation to stop and allowed mining work to resume.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There was a gold rush that created <a href="/wiki/Aurora,_Nevada" title="Aurora, Nevada">Aurora</a> in (1860). Located on the disputed border with California, at one time Aurora was the county seat of counties in California and Nevada until the boundary dispute was settled locating Aurora in Nevada. </p><p>The 1867 expansion of the state's southern boundary was prompted by the discovery of gold in the area since officials thought Nevada would be better able to oversee the expected <a href="/wiki/Gold_rush#Rushes_of_the_1850s" title="Gold rush">gold rush</a>. By 1872, Nevada mining was an industry of speculation and immense wealth.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After 1870, however, the mining industry went into eclipse, as the state's <a href="/wiki/Silverite" title="Silverite">Silverite</a> politicians worked to secure laws to require the federal government to purchase silver. </p><p>The discovery of silver and gold in 1910 near Tonopah set off a boom that ended Nevada's Economic depression. </p><p>The operators used the best available technology to recover gold and silver from ore, but by modern standards, there were many inefficiencies and chemical pollution. Methods included the use of the <a href="/wiki/Arrastra" title="Arrastra">arrastra</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Patio_process" title="Patio process">patio process</a>, the Freiberg process, and the <a href="/wiki/Pan_amalgamation" title="Pan amalgamation">Washoe pan process</a>. Estimates of value lost through recovery processes ran as high as 25%. Mine operators sought improved technology but were unwilling to wait years or decades for it to arrive. No one at the time understood the health problems such metals as <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">mercury</a> could cause.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation">Transportation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Nevada&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the <a href="/wiki/First_transcontinental_railroad" title="First transcontinental railroad">transcontinental railroad</a> crossed the state in 1869, most towns and mines were remote from it and required a network of wagon freight and stagecoaches. Numerous small companies supplied the horses, mules, and wagons for hauling borax and silver ore. Stagecoaches were notoriously uncomfortable across the roadless land, but were better than the alternatives and flourished until a railroad finally arrived. Hold-ups were rare and usually involved petty theft since armed guards were an effective deterrent. Mail contracts kept stage lines afloat and allowed the emergence of a class of entrepreneurs who won contracts and subcontracted the actual work.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Eureka_and_Palisade_Railroad" title="Eureka and Palisade Railroad">Eureka and Palisade Railroad</a> was a narrow-gauge railroad ninety miles long built-in 1875 to carry silver-lead ore from Eureka, Nevada, to the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Pacific_Railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Pacific Railroad">Southern Pacific Railroad</a> trunk line that ran through Palisade. Traffic on the line gradually decreased due to the effects of flood, fire, competition from road traffic, and dwindling amounts of ore extracted in Eureka. The rails and rolling stock of the last surviving narrow-gauge railroad in Nevada were removed in 1938.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historic highways include the 1937 <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_6_in_Nevada#History" title="U.S. Route 6 in Nevada">US 6</a> and 1919 <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_50_in_Nevada#History" title="U.S. Route 50 in Nevada">US 50 (Lincoln Highway)</a>. The 1926 destination of the <a href="/wiki/Air_Mail_scandal#Background" title="Air Mail scandal">first airmail flight</a> was <a href="/wiki/Elko,_Nevada" title="Elko, Nevada">Elko</a>. <a href="/wiki/Interstate_15_in_Nevada" title="Interstate 15 in Nevada">Interstate 15 in Nevada</a> was completed in 1974, while the <a href="/wiki/Lovelock,_Nevada" title="Lovelock, Nevada">Lovelock</a> bypass was the last completed section of <a href="/wiki/Interstate_80_in_Nevada" title="Interstate 80 in Nevada">Interstate 80 in Nevada</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Amtrak" title="Amtrak">Amtrak</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Desert_Wind" title="Desert Wind">Desert Wind</a> served Las Vegas until 1997. When service ended, Las Vegas became one of the country's largest metropolitan areas without long distance passenger rail service. Since 1997, numerous proposals have been made to reintroduce passenger service in some form, including the <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Railway_Express" title="Las Vegas Railway Express">Las Vegas Railway Express</a> ("X-Train"). In 2024 construction started on a <a href="/wiki/High_speed_rail" class="mw-redirect" title="High speed rail">high speed rail</a> project by <a href="/wiki/Brightline_West" title="Brightline West">Brightline West</a> to link Las Vegas with Southern California. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mining_towns">Mining towns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Nevada&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Mining towns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During construction of the <a href="/wiki/Sutro_Tunnel" title="Sutro Tunnel">Sutro Tunnel</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Company_town" title="Company town">company town</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sutro,_Nevada" title="Sutro, Nevada">Sutro</a> was created at the lower end of the tunnel. At one time, boasting a population of 600–800 people some speculating up to 3,000. A church, a weekly newspaper, and a post office that was in operation from March 1872 until October 1920. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Golconda,_Nevada" title="Golconda, Nevada">Golconda</a> was a mining town in northern Nevada built when the discovery of <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a>, and lead brought entrepreneurs who opened mines and mills in the district. A diverse society of native-born <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">Americans</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Paiute" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Paiute">Paiutes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_people" title="Chinese people">Chinese</a>, and other people came to Golconda to live and work. From 1898 to 1910, the town had a train depot, several hotels, a school, businesses, <a href="/wiki/Newspapers" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers">newspapers</a>, and two brothels. Its population peaked at about six hundred in 1907–08. Although boosters predicted growth for Golconda, after 1910 the mines played out, leaving the region as an area of ranches and farms. Most of the town's buildings from its mining heyday are gone, and Golconda today is a minor stop on Interstate 80.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_burro-drawn_wagon_hauling_lumber_and_supplies_into_Goldfield,_Nevada,_ca.1904_(CHS-5424).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/A_burro-drawn_wagon_hauling_lumber_and_supplies_into_Goldfield%2C_Nevada%2C_ca.1904_%28CHS-5424%29.jpg/220px-A_burro-drawn_wagon_hauling_lumber_and_supplies_into_Goldfield%2C_Nevada%2C_ca.1904_%28CHS-5424%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/A_burro-drawn_wagon_hauling_lumber_and_supplies_into_Goldfield%2C_Nevada%2C_ca.1904_%28CHS-5424%29.jpg/330px-A_burro-drawn_wagon_hauling_lumber_and_supplies_into_Goldfield%2C_Nevada%2C_ca.1904_%28CHS-5424%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/A_burro-drawn_wagon_hauling_lumber_and_supplies_into_Goldfield%2C_Nevada%2C_ca.1904_%28CHS-5424%29.jpg/440px-A_burro-drawn_wagon_hauling_lumber_and_supplies_into_Goldfield%2C_Nevada%2C_ca.1904_%28CHS-5424%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4877" data-file-height="3906" /></a><figcaption>A burro-drawn wagon hauling lumber and supplies into Goldfield, Nevada, ca.1904. In 1903 only 36 people lived in the new town. By 1908 Goldfield was Nevada's largest city, with over 25,000 inhabitants.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Tuscarora,_Nevada" title="Tuscarora, Nevada">Tuscarora</a> was founded in <a href="/wiki/Elko_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Elko County">Elko County</a> after an expedition by trader William Heath discovered gold. As miners flocked to the town in 1867–70, a fort was built to offer protection from Indian raids and a water ditch was created to supply the town with water. Many Chinese men who had been employed by the Central Pacific Railroad (CPRR) relocated to the town and began placer mining. A second boom began following the discovery of silver in 1876–77.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A strike at <a href="/wiki/Tonopah,_Nevada" title="Tonopah, Nevada">Tonopah</a> (1900, silver) was followed by strikes in <a href="/wiki/Goldfield,_Nevada" title="Goldfield, Nevada">Goldfield</a> (1902–1919, gold) and <a href="/wiki/Rhyolite,_Nevada" title="Rhyolite, Nevada">Rhyolite</a> (1904–1911, gold). The strikes brought Nevada to the forefront of the nation again, just as the Comstock Lode in Virginia City, Nevada, had in the late 1800s. While the Comstock made dozens of owners rich, the gold in Goldfield and the stock sold on speculation made two people exceedingly rich. </p><p>George S. Nixon and <a href="/wiki/George_Wingfield" title="George Wingfield">George Wingfield</a> were worth $30 million after taking their Goldfield Consolidated Mining Company public in 1906.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The partners had a loss the following year and Nixon's Nye County Bank struggled. </p><p>Wingfield, however, reaped an even greater fortune from real estate, especially after moving to Reno, Nevada. After gambling was legalized in 1931, Wingfield again had money coming in from his leases and a partnership in several casinos. </p><p>As many Nevada towns went through the boom and bust cycle, gambling keep the state's economy strong. However, remnants of mining resulted in the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Superfund_sites_in_Nevada" title="List of Superfund sites in Nevada">1989 designation of the Carson River Mercury (Superfund) Site</a> </p><p>Rio Tinto was developed after the discovery of copper in Northern Elko County's Cope Mining District. The town moved from mine to mine and it went from boom to bust in regular cycles. In 1919 Frank Hunt discovered copper in the area and later named his claim Rio Tinto. Once investors and big mining companies became interested in Hunt's copper, the town soon developed and filled with homes to house the miners. After all the copper was removed, Rio Tinto suffered the same fate as most boom towns and vanished.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Homesteading">Homesteading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Nevada&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Homesteading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Over 87% of the Nevada area is owned by the federal government, as <a href="/wiki/Homestead_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Homestead Act">homesteads</a> of maximum 640 acres (2.6 km<sup>2</sup>) in the arid state were generally too little land for a viable farm. Instead, early settlers would homestead land surrounding a water source, and then graze cattle on the adjacent public land, which is useless without access to water. The Enlarged Homestead Act of 1909, the establishment of a state dry-farming experiment station, and private promotional efforts stimulated dry farming within a fifty-mile radius of Wells, Nevada, but a combination of low precipitation, intense flash flooding, short summers, abundant jackrabbits, mediocre soil, and the faulty judgment of the settlers themselves virtually ended the ill-favored experiment after 1916.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twentieth_century">Twentieth century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Nevada&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Twentieth century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a list of governors and a list of museums regarding Nevada history, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Nevada" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Nevada">List of Governors of Nevada</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Nevada" title="List of museums in Nevada">List of museums in Nevada</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Nevada_(1905%E2%80%931915).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Nevada_%281905%E2%80%931915%29.svg/220px-Flag_of_Nevada_%281905%E2%80%931915%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Nevada_%281905%E2%80%931915%29.svg/330px-Flag_of_Nevada_%281905%E2%80%931915%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Nevada_%281905%E2%80%931915%29.svg/440px-Flag_of_Nevada_%281905%E2%80%931915%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Nevada" title="Flag of Nevada">Flag of Nevada</a>, 1905–1915</figcaption></figure> <p>The state was by far the smallest in terms of population. The 1930 census reported 91,000 people, with Reno the largest city at 19,000 and Las Vegas at 5,000. 62% of the people lived in towns with fewer than 2,500 people or in rural areas alongside the 340,000 cattle and 830,000 sheep. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nevada_state_symbols" title="List of Nevada state symbols">Nickname</a>: "The Silver State",</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_mottos" title="List of U.S. state and territory mottos">Motto</a>: "All For Our Country" (1866)</li> <li>Flower: <a href="/wiki/Artemisia_tridentata" title="Artemisia tridentata">sagebrush (1917)</a></li> <li>Tree: <a href="/wiki/Pinus_monophylla" title="Pinus monophylla">single-leaf pinyon (1953)</a></li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li>(the 1929 flag used the words "Battle Born", and "Nevada" was added in 1991).</li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Nevada&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The gold discovery in Tonopah in 1900 brought together a group of men who dominated Nevada politics for a half century. They included George Wingfield (mine owner, banker and behind-the-scenes player); George Nixon (banker, editor and cofounder of the Silver party); <a href="/wiki/Key_Pittman" title="Key Pittman">Key Pittman</a> (U.S. Senator), <a href="/wiki/Vail_Pittman" title="Vail Pittman">Vail Pittman</a> (Key Pittman's brother; governor); <a href="/wiki/Pat_McCarran" title="Pat McCarran">Pat McCarran</a> (U.S. Senator) and George Thatcher (a leader of the state Democratic party)<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>John Edward Jones and <a href="/wiki/Reinhold_Sadler" title="Reinhold Sadler">Reinhold Sadler</a>, Silver Party governors of Nevada, during 1895–1903, shared like backgrounds and rose to political power by the same route. Each was a European immigrant who came to the state in its mining boom of the 1870s, prospered financially, and engaged in politics until the boom collapsed late in the 1870s. Then Jones and Sadler embraced <a href="/wiki/Bimetallism" title="Bimetallism">bimetallism</a> and a companion cure-all for Nevada's economic ills—reclamation of desert land in order to provide an economy based partly on agriculture.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion_and_ethnicity">Religion and ethnicity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Nevada&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Religion and ethnicity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because most of Nevada was sparsely populated and was subject to economic booms-and-busts accompanied by population fluctuations, Catholic churches faced difficulties in serving spiritually their scattered and mobile communicants. Nevada Catholic parish life until 1900 reflected the <a href="/wiki/Irish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish American">Irish</a> heritage of its parish clergy and the bulk of their flocks. Slavic, Italian, and Basque Catholics moved to the state after 1900 and sometimes allied with native-born Americans so that the traditional dominance of Irish Catholics diminished markedly by the 1930s.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Italian_Americans" title="Italian Americans">Italian Americans</a> worked in Nevada as miners, but, unlike many other immigrants, enough Italians stayed after the mining booms collapsed; they became the largest European ethnic groups by 1910. Many operated farms and ranches. Besides exercising significant economic clout, they have fundamentally influenced the Nevada social order in other ways, in part because of their persistent anticlericalism.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gambling">Gambling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Nevada&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Gambling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Las_Vegas_Strip.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Las_Vegas_Strip.png/250px-Las_Vegas_Strip.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Las_Vegas_Strip.png/375px-Las_Vegas_Strip.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Las_Vegas_Strip.png/500px-Las_Vegas_Strip.png 2x" data-file-width="1744" data-file-height="1240" /></a><figcaption>The 1931 gambling law helped enable the explosive growth of the <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Las Vegas metropolitan area">Las Vegas area</a>, where the population grew from five thousand in 1930 to over two million by 2013.</figcaption></figure> <p>Because of hostility from miners and their sympathizers, Nevada's territorial and state antigambling laws were mostly unenforced from 1859 until the Comstock Lode mining booms collapsed in the 1870s. After 1881, the state attempted to restrict gambling through licensing and other statutory controls. Opponents of gambling and prostitution became organized and in the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Era" title="Progressive Era">Progressive Era</a> at last persuaded state legislators to prohibit gambling statewide in 1910 as part of a <a href="/wiki/Hart%E2%80%93Agnew_Law" title="Hart–Agnew Law">nationwide anti-gaming crusade</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_the_United_States" title="Great Depression in the United States">Great Depression in the United States</a>, Nevada legalized gambling—terming it "gaming"—in 1931; (the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Club_(casino)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Club (casino)">Northern Club</a> received the first license).<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, the leading proponents of gambling expected that it would be a short term fix until the state's economic base widened to include less cyclical industries. However, re-outlawing gambling has never been seriously considered since, and the industry has become Nevada's primary source of revenue today. Gambling taxes account for 34% of state revenue.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also in 1931, the residence requirement for divorce was reduced to six weeks, making <a href="/wiki/Reno,_Nevada" title="Reno, Nevada">Reno, Nevada</a> a famous mecca for the quickie divorce and people from all over the country to "take the cure." In the 1930s, Reno's Bank Club was the state's largest employer. It was also the largest casino in the world until Harold's Club surpassed it in the 1950s.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Second World War was good to Reno economically, as local bases and those in Northern California helped boost the economy. In the late 1940s "Bugsy" Siegel helped get Las Vegas on the map by first building the most expensive casino in the world, the Flamingo, and then by being gunned down in his Beverly Hills home. </p><p>Las Vegas casinos of the 1950s were mostly low-rise building taking advantage of the wide-open spaces that Reno didn't offer in the downtown area of Virginia Street. However, Las Vegas boomed with new luxurious hotels in the 1960s and the city's gambling casinos drew players from all over the world, and away from Reno and Lake Tahoe. The 1931 gambling law helped enable the explosive growth of the Las Vegas area, where the population grew from five thousand in 1930 to over two million by 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prostitution">Prostitution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Nevada&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Prostitution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Nevada" title="Prostitution in Nevada">Prostitution in Nevada</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Brothel" title="Brothel">Brothels</a> have been tolerated in Nevada since the middle of the 19th century; one in <a href="/wiki/Elko,_Nevada" title="Elko, Nevada">Elko</a> has been in business since 1902. In 1937, a law was enacted to require weekly health checks of all prostitutes. <a href="/wiki/Reno,_Nevada" title="Reno, Nevada">Reno</a> and <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas,_Nevada" class="mw-redirect" title="Las Vegas, Nevada">Las Vegas</a> had <a href="/wiki/Red-light_district" title="Red-light district">red-light districts</a>, when the federal government prohibited all prostitution near military bases in 1942 (lifted in 1948). In 1951, both Reno and Las Vegas had closed their red-light districts as public nuisances. In Clark County, prostitution is illegal.<sup id="cite_ref-Alexa_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alexa-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military_activities">Military activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Nevada&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Military activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a list of topics regarding this subject, see <a href="/wiki/Category:Military_in_Nevada" title="Category:Military in Nevada">Category:Military in Nevada</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output 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data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reno_Army_Airfield&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reno Army Airfield (page does not exist)">Reno.AAF</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:31.735%;left:28.226%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Carson.Sink"><img alt="Carson.Sink" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/8px-Black_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/12px-Black_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/16px-Black_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Carson_Sink" title="Carson Sink">Carson.Sink</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:34.475%;left:32.527%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Fallon.West/East"><img alt="Fallon.West/East" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/8px-Black_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/12px-Black_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/16px-Black_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Fallon_Range_Training_Complex" title="Fallon Range Training Complex">Fallon.West/East</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:37.9%;left:22.581%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="NAAS.Fallon"><img alt="NAAS.Fallon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/8px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/16px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_Fallon" title="Naval Air Station Fallon">NAAS.Fallon</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.356%;left:13.71%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Churchill"><img alt="Churchill" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/8px-Black_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/12px-Black_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/16px-Black_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Churchill_Flight_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="Churchill Flight Strip">Churchill</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:43.836%;left:5.645%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Minden"><img alt="Minden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/8px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/16px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Minden%E2%80%93Tahoe_Airport" title="Minden–Tahoe Airport">Minden</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:50.913%;left:23.387%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Hawthorne.Plant"><img alt="Hawthorne.Plant" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/8px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/16px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Hawthorne_Army_Depot" title="Hawthorne Army Depot">Hawthorne.Plant</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:60.046%;left:65.054%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="#1"><img alt="#1" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/8px-Orange_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/12px-Orange_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/16px-Orange_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>#1</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:61.416%;left:63.441%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="#2"><img alt="#2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/8px-Orange_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/12px-Orange_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/16px-Orange_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>#2</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:60.731%;left:55.645%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="#4"><img alt="#4" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/8px-Orange_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/12px-Orange_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/16px-Orange_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>#4</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:62.557%;left:55.645%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="#5"><img alt="#5" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/8px-Orange_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/12px-Orange_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/16px-Orange_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Mellan_Airstrip" class="mw-redirect" title="Mellan Airstrip">#5</a>&#3</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:61.872%;left:55.914%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="History of Nevada"><img alt="History of Nevada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/8px-Orange_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/12px-Orange_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Orange_pog.svg/16px-Orange_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:56.621%;left:48.656%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Tonopah.AAF"><img alt="Tonopah.AAF" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Tonopah_Army_Airfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonopah Army Airfield">Tonopah.AAF</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:81.507%;left:82.258%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Las.Vegas .....AAF"><img alt="Las.Vegas .....AAF" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Army_Airfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Las Vegas Army Airfield">Las.Vegas<br />.....AAF</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:82.648%;left:80.108%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Federal Building"><img alt="Federal Building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/8px-Cyan_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/12px-Cyan_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cyan_pog.svg/16px-Cyan_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Federal_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="Las Vegas Federal Building">Federal Building</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:85.845%;left:84.14%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Camp.Williston"><img alt="Camp.Williston" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/8px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/16px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Camp_Williston" class="mw-redirect" title="Camp Williston">Camp.Williston</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:76.941%;left:71.505%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Indian.Springs"><img alt="Indian.Springs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Indian_Springs_Army_Airfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Springs Army Airfield">Indian.Springs</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:67.352%;left:70.161%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="#1"><img alt="#1" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Yellow_pog.svg/8px-Yellow_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Yellow_pog.svg/12px-Yellow_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Yellow_pog.svg/16px-Yellow_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Groom_Lake_Field&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Groom Lake Field (page does not exist)">#1</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:63.927%;left:58.065%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="History of Nevada"><img alt="History of Nevada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Yellow_pog.svg/8px-Yellow_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Yellow_pog.svg/12px-Yellow_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Yellow_pog.svg/16px-Yellow_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:64.384%;left:58.333%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="#2"><img alt="#2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Yellow_pog.svg/8px-Yellow_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Yellow_pog.svg/12px-Yellow_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Yellow_pog.svg/16px-Yellow_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>#2&#3</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:69.863%;left:61.022%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="#4"><img alt="#4" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Yellow_pog.svg/8px-Yellow_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Yellow_pog.svg/12px-Yellow_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Yellow_pog.svg/16px-Yellow_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Forty-Mile_Canyon_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Forty-Mile Canyon Field">#4</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:70.776%;left:65.054%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="#5"><img alt="#5" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Yellow_pog.svg/8px-Yellow_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Yellow_pog.svg/12px-Yellow_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Yellow_pog.svg/16px-Yellow_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>#5</div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:66.21%;left:27.957%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bishop"><img alt="Bishop" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Bishop_Army_Airfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop Army Airfield">Bishop</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:69.863%;left:34.14%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Mojave "B""><img alt="Mojave "B"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/8px-Black_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/12px-Black_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/16px-Black_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:5px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mojave_Gunnery_Range&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mojave Gunnery Range (page does not exist)">Mojave "B"</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:89.269%;left:38.71%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="NOTS"><img alt="NOTS" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/8px-Black_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/12px-Black_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/16px-Black_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Naval_Ordnance_Test_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval Ordnance Test Station">NOTS</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:97.717%;left:31.452%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="MCAAS.Mojave"><img alt="MCAAS.Mojave" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/8px-Blue_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/12px-Blue_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Blue_pog.svg/16px-Blue_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_Mojave" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval Air Station Mojave">MCAAS.Mojave</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:100%;left:35.753%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Muroc"><img alt="Muroc" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Muroc_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Muroc Field">Muroc</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:94.977%;left:99.462%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kingman"><img alt="Kingman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Kingman_Army_Airfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingman Army Airfield">Kingman</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:100.228%;left:96.237%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Yucca"><img alt="Yucca" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Yucca_Army_Airfield" title="Yucca Army Airfield">Yucca</a></div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_Nevada_location_map.svg" title="File:USA Nevada location map.svg">class=notpageimage| </a></div>WWII Nevada military sites included Army Airfields (red) such as Indian Springs Army Airfield<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Army/Navy ranges (<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_pog.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/7px-Black_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/11px-Black_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Black_pog.svg/14px-Black_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Yellow indicates Indian Springs auxiliary fields.)</div></div></div> <p>Military and other government exploration of the territory included efforts by <a href="/wiki/John_C._Fr%C3%A9mont" title="John C. Frémont">John C. Frémont</a> (1843), <a href="/wiki/Black_Rock_Desert#History" title="Black Rock Desert">Lieutenant E. G. Beckwith (1854)</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Fortieth_Parallel_Survey" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortieth Parallel Survey">Fortieth Parallel Survey</a> (1867).<sup id="cite_ref-Earl_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Earl-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nevada_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="Nevada in the American Civil War">During the American Civil War, the territory</a> mustered <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nevada_Civil_War_units" title="List of Nevada Civil War units">infantry and cavalry</a>, and skirmishes of the <a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Wars" title="American Indian Wars">American Indian Wars</a> occurred in Nevada during the <a href="/wiki/Snake_War" title="Snake War">Snake War</a> (1864–1868). <a href="/wiki/American_Old_West" class="mw-redirect" title="American Old West">American Old West</a> <a href="/wiki/Category:Forts_in_Nevada" title="Category:Forts in Nevada">forts in Nevada</a> included <a href="/wiki/Fort_Churchill_State_Historic_Park" title="Fort Churchill State Historic Park">Fort Churchill</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fort_Halleck_(Nevada)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fort Halleck (Nevada) (page does not exist)">Fort Halleck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fort_McDermit" title="Fort McDermit">Fort McDermit</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fort_Schellbourne" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Schellbourne">Fort Schellbourne</a>. The current <a href="/wiki/Hawthorne_Army_Depot" title="Hawthorne Army Depot">Hawthorne Army Depot</a> was established for munitions production in 1930. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Nevada&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Senator <a href="/wiki/Pat_McCarran" title="Pat McCarran">Pat McCarran</a> and other Nevada officials campaigned successfully in Washington to open military installations in Nevada. It had vast lands, sunny weather and good rail connections. The Las Vegas Army Gunnery School, the Basic Magnesium plant, Nellis Air Force Base, and other facilities brought thousands of people to the area for training as well as workers to construct housing, air strips, and other military installations.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Nellis_Air_Force_Base" title="Nellis Air Force Base">Las Vegas Army Air Field</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tonopah_Army_Air_Field" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonopah Army Air Field">Tonopah AAF</a> were created from existing airfields, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">United States Army Air Forces</a> built four additional Nevada airfields in 1942,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including <a href="/wiki/Creech_Air_Force_Base" title="Creech Air Force Base">Indian Springs AAF</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stead_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Stead Air Force Base">Reno Army Air Base</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_Fallon" title="Naval Air Station Fallon">a facility near Fallon</a>. Ranges and emergency strips included the <a href="/wiki/Battle_Mountain_Airport" title="Battle Mountain Airport">Battle Mountain</a> <a href="/wiki/Category:Flight_Strips_of_the_United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="Category:Flight Strips of the United States Army Air Forces">Flight Strip</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Black_Rock_Desert" title="Black Rock Desert">Black Rock Desert</a> gunnery range (part of the <a href="/wiki/Lovelock,_Nevada" title="Lovelock, Nevada">Lovelock Aerial Gunnery Range</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>), <a href="/wiki/Silver_Springs_Airport" title="Silver Springs Airport">Churchill Flight Strip</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Owyhee_Airport" title="Owyhee Airport">Owyhee Flight Strip</a>. Both Tonopah AAF and Indian Springs AAF each had 5 auxiliary airstrips including Indian Springs' at <a href="/wiki/Pahute_Mesa_Airstrip" title="Pahute Mesa Airstrip">Forty-Mile Canyon Field</a> and <a href="/wiki/Area_51" title="Area 51">Groom Lake Field</a>. Camp Williston (1940–1944) at <a href="/wiki/Boulder_City,_Nevada" title="Boulder City, Nevada">Boulder City</a> provided security for <a href="/wiki/Henderson,_Nevada#History" title="Henderson, Nevada">Henderson's Basic Magnesium Plant</a> (14,000 employees) and <a href="/wiki/Hoover_Dam" title="Hoover Dam">Hoover Dam</a><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (a concrete observation station still exists).<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nuclear_tests">Nuclear tests</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Nevada&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Nuclear tests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_test" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear test">Nuclear testing</a> began at the <a href="/wiki/Nevada_Test_Site" title="Nevada Test Site">Nevada Proving Ground</a> in 1951 with a one-<a href="/wiki/TNT_equivalent" title="TNT equivalent">kiloton</a> bomb dropped on <a href="/wiki/Frenchman_Flat" title="Frenchman Flat">Frenchman Flat</a>. Over 1000 nuclear detonations were conducted until the site's last atmospheric detonation in 1962 and last underground detonation in 1992. In 2002, Congress approved the <a href="/wiki/Yucca_Mountain_nuclear_waste_repository" title="Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository">Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository</a> at the site. </p><p><a href="/wiki/List_of_accidents_and_incidents_involving_military_aircraft" title="List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft">Notable military aircraft accidents</a> in Nevada include the <a href="/wiki/1948_Lake_Mead_Boeing_B-29_crash" title="1948 Lake Mead Boeing B-29 crash">1948 Lake Mead Boeing B-29 crash</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_accidents_and_incidents_involving_military_aircraft_(1945%E2%80%931949)#1949" title="List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft (1945–1949)">1949 Stead AFB F-51 crash</a>, and several <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Thunderbirds" title="United States Air Force Thunderbirds">USAF Thunderbird demonstration team</a> crashes, including the 1982 <a href="/wiki/Creech_Air_Force_Base" title="Creech Air Force Base">Indian Springs AFAF</a> formation that killed four pilots. Spy plane testing in <a href="/wiki/Area_51" title="Area 51">Area 51</a> began in April 1955, and stealth fighter testing began in 1982 at the <a href="/wiki/Tonopah_Test_Range" title="Tonopah Test Range">Tonopah Test Range</a>, where in 2008 the last <a href="/wiki/F-117_Nighthawk" class="mw-redirect" title="F-117 Nighthawk">F-117 Nighthawk</a> was retired in secure storage. The <a href="/wiki/Red_Flag_(USAF)" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Flag (USAF)">USAF Red Flag combat exercise</a> was first held in 1975 at the <a href="/wiki/Nevada_Test_and_Training_Range" title="Nevada Test and Training Range">Nellis Air Force Range</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a>'s <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy_Strike_Fighter_Tactics_Instructor_program" title="United States Navy Strike Fighter Tactics Instructor program">TOPGUN school</a> was moved to <a href="/wiki/Naval_Air_Station_Fallon" title="Naval Air Station Fallon">Naval Air Station Fallon</a> in 1996. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recent_history">Recent history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Nevada&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Recent history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nevada favors a highly <a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">individualistic</a> political culture, giving it a <a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_the_United_States" title="Libertarianism in the United States">libertarian</a>–<a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">conservative</a> political philosophy in an <a href="/wiki/Open_society" title="Open society">open society</a>. Wealth from mining and gambling reinforced the individualistic ethic that early settlers brought with them. The libertarian ethic appears in the opposition of most Nevadans to big government, big labor, and big business. Labor unions, especially the <a href="/wiki/Service_Employees_International_Union" title="Service Employees International Union">SEIU</a> which organizes hotel and casino workers, thrive among the minority workers in Las Vegas. Belief in <a href="/wiki/Limited_government" title="Limited government">limited government</a> leads to an electorate that backs a pro-choice position on <a href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">abortion</a> while opposing the <a href="/wiki/Equal_Rights_Amendment" title="Equal Rights Amendment">Equal Rights Amendment</a> for women. The state's ongoing battles with the federal government involve the longstanding water rights dispute between Native Americans, backed by the federal government, and Nevada's ranchers; and the decade-long fight against the establishment of the nation's first permanent nuclear waste depository at <a href="/wiki/Yucca_Mountain" title="Yucca Mountain">Yucca Mountain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1998, the largest industries were services (40.7% of earnings), construction (11.6%), and state/local government (10.0%).<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> was confirmed to have reached Nevada on March 5, 2020. Because of concerns about <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus_disease_2019" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronavirus disease 2019">coronavirus disease 2019</a> (COVID-19), Nevada governor <a href="/wiki/Steve_Sisolak" title="Steve Sisolak">Steve Sisolak</a> declared a <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">state of emergency</a> on March 12, 2020. Four days later, Nevada reported its first death. On March 17, 2020, Sisolak ordered the closure of non-essential businesses in the state, to help prevent the spread of the coronavirus. Grocery stores were among the businesses considered essential, and restaurants were allowed to provide drive-thru, takeout, and delivery services. At the end of March 2020, Sisolak announced a 90-day <a href="/wiki/Moratorium_(law)" title="Moratorium (law)">moratorium</a> on evictions and foreclosures for commercial and residential tenants. The moratorium would be extended several times over the next year. </p><p>Various protests were held against Sisolak's shutdown order beginning in April 2020. <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a> mayor <a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Goodman" title="Carolyn Goodman">Carolyn Goodman</a> was also critical of the shutdown and its length, urging Sisolak to reopen the state. Goodman was widely criticized after suggesting that Las Vegas become a <a href="/wiki/Control_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Control group">control group</a> to test the effectiveness of <a href="/wiki/Social_distancing" title="Social distancing">social distancing</a>. Nevada launched the first phase of its reopening on May 9, 2020. Restaurants, retailers, outdoor malls, and hair salons were among the businesses allowed to reopen, but with precautions in place, such as limiting occupancy to 50 percent. A second phase went into effect on May 29, 2020. It allowed for the reopening of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nevada_state_parks" title="List of Nevada state parks">state parks</a> and businesses such as bars, gyms, and movie theaters. Casinos began reopening on June 4, 2020. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Nevada&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Flag_of_Nevada.svg/32px-Flag_of_Nevada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Flag_of_Nevada.svg/48px-Flag_of_Nevada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Flag_of_Nevada.svg/64px-Flag_of_Nevada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Nevada" title="Portal:Nevada">Nevada portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/31px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/47px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/62px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:North_America" title="Portal:North America">North America portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></span></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Historical_outline_of_Nevada" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical outline of Nevada">Historical outline of Nevada</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Nevada" title="Women's suffrage in Nevada">Women's suffrage in Nevada</a></li> <li>Las Vegas <a href="/wiki/History_of_Las_Vegas" title="History of Las Vegas">history</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Las_Vegas" title="Timeline of Las Vegas">timeline</a></li> <li>Reno <a href="/wiki/Reno,_Nevada#History" title="Reno, Nevada">history</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Reno,_Nevada" title="Timeline of Reno, Nevada">timeline</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Nevada&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Green, "Abraham Lincoln, Nevada, and the Law of Unintended Consequences," <i>Nevada Historical Society Quarterly</i>, Summer 2009, Vol. 52#2 pp. 85–108</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilbur S.. Shepperson, "Nevada: Beautiful Desert Of Buried Hopes," <i>Nevada Historical Society Quarterly,</i> Dec 1991, Vol. 34# 4, pp. 439–465</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William D. Rowley, "People of Good Hope in the Land of Nod," <i>Nevada Historical Society Quarterly,</i> Mar 1999, Vol. 42#1 pp. 3–20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Louise L. Schiavone, "Vegas Revisited," <i>Mortgage Banking</i> Vol. 69#12 (September 2009) pp. 48+.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGannett1855" class="citation book cs1">Gannett, Henry (1855). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/boundariesofunit00gann#page/n5/mode/2up"><i>Boundaries of the United States</i></a>. Washington, Govt. Print. Off.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Boundaries+of+the+United+States&rft.pub=Washington%2C+Govt.+Print.+Off.&rft.date=1855&rft.aulast=Gannett&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fboundariesofunit00gann%23page%2Fn5%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Nevada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFenneman1916" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Physiographic_regions_of_the_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Physiographic regions of the world">Fenneman, Nevin</a> (1916). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aAEVAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA17"><i>Physiographic Subdivision of the United States</i></a>. Vol. 3. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvard University Library">Harvard University Library</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Comparative#Biology" title="Comparative">Museum of Comparative Biology</a>. pp. 17–22. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.3.1.17">10.1073/pnas.3.1.17</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1091163">1091163</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16586678">16586678</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-04-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Physiographic+Subdivision+of+the+United+States&rft.pages=17-22&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Library+of+the+Museum+of+Comparative+Biology&rft.date=1916&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1091163%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16586678&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.3.1.17&rft.aulast=Fenneman&rft.aufirst=Nevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaAEVAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Nevada" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/6845982-nevada-s-environmental-legacy">GoodReads.com book review</a> of: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHulse2009" class="citation book cs1">Hulse, James W (2009). <i>Nevada's Environmental Legacy: Progress or Plunder</i>. Reno: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nevada_Press" title="University of Nevada Press">University of Nevada Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87417-769-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87417-769-5"><bdi>978-0-87417-769-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nevada%27s+Environmental+Legacy%3A+Progress+or+Plunder&rft.place=Reno&rft.pub=University+of+Nevada+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-87417-769-5&rft.aulast=Hulse&rft.aufirst=James+W&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Nevada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nevada-paleoportal-general-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nevada-paleoportal-general_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nevada-paleoportal-general_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nevada-paleoportal-general_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nevada-paleoportal-general_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Noble, Scotchmoor, Springer (2005); "Paleontology and geology".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="murray-1974" class="citation book cs1">Murray, Marian (1974). <i>Hunting for Fossils: A Guide to Finding and Collecting Fossils in All 50 States</i>. Collier Books. p. 348. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780020935506" title="Special:BookSources/9780020935506"><bdi>9780020935506</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hunting+for+Fossils%3A+A+Guide+to+Finding+and+Collecting+Fossils+in+All+50+States&rft.pages=348&rft.pub=Collier+Books&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=9780020935506&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=Marian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Nevada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCutright2020" class="citation web cs1">Cutright, Emerson (19 July 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.onlyinyourstate.com/nevada/ice-age-fossils-nv/">"Explore One Of The Country's Richest Fossil Beds At Ice Age Fossils State Park In Nevada"</a>. <i>Only In Your State</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Only+In+Your+State&rft.atitle=Explore+One+Of+The+Country%27s+Richest+Fossil+Beds+At+Ice+Age+Fossils+State+Park+In+Nevada&rft.date=2020-07-19&rft.aulast=Cutright&rft.aufirst=Emerson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.onlyinyourstate.com%2Fnevada%2Fice-age-fossils-nv%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Nevada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://parks.nv.gov/parks/ice-age-fossils">"Ice Age Fossils State Park"</a>. <i>Nevada State Parks</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nevada+State+Parks&rft.atitle=Ice+Age+Fossils+State+Park&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fparks.nv.gov%2Fparks%2Fice-age-fossils&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Nevada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThan2013" class="citation news cs1">Than, Ker (15 August 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200312051402/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/8/130815-lake-winnemucca-petroglyphs-ancient-rock-art-nevada/">"Oldest North American Rock Art May Be 14,800 Years Old"</a>. <i>National Geographic</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/8/130815-lake-winnemucca-petroglyphs-ancient-rock-art-nevada/">the original</a> on March 12, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=Oldest+North+American+Rock+Art+May+Be+14%2C800+Years+Old&rft.date=2013-08-15&rft.aulast=Than&rft.aufirst=Ker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fnews%2F2013%2F8%2F130815-lake-winnemucca-petroglyphs-ancient-rock-art-nevada%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Nevada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gbh-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gbh_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greatbasinheritage.org/great-basin-history.html">"History Timeline of Great Basin National Heritage Area."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130622134534/http://www.greatbasinheritage.org/great-basin-history.html">Archived</a> 2013-06-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>Great Basin National Heritage Area.</i> Retrieved 24 June 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scottforesman.com/state/nv/washoe/pdfs/g4_less03.pdf">"Explorers and Settlers in Nevada"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Washoe County School District. p. 2<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-05-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Explorers+and+Settlers+in+Nevada&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Washoe+County+School+District&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscottforesman.com%2Fstate%2Fnv%2Fwashoe%2Fpdfs%2Fg4_less03.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Nevada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=Nevada&searchmode=none">"Online Etymology Dictionary"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Richards, Rudimentary Government In Nevada," <i>Arizona and the West</i>, 1969, Vol. 11#3 pp. 213–232</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bruce Alverson, "The Limits of Power: Comstock Litigation, 1859–1864," <i>Nevada Historical Society Quarterly,</i> March 2000, Vol. 43#1 pp. 74–99</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTwain1872" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Twain" title="Mark Twain">Twain, Mark</a> (1872). <a href="/wiki/Roughing_It" title="Roughing It"><i>Roughing It</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roughing+It&rft.date=1872&rft.aulast=Twain&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Nevada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael J. Makley, <i>The Infamous King of the Comstock: William Sharon and the Gilded Age in the West</i> (2006)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eugene J. Michal, "Win Some, Lose Some: The Evolution of Milling Practice on the Comstock Lode," <i>Nevada Historical Society Quarterly,</i> June 2005, Vol. 48#2 pp. 255–276</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">, John F. Due, "Road Transport in Nevada: Wagon Freights and Stagecoaches 1860–895," <i>Nevada Historical Society Quarterly,</i> Dec 1999, Vol. 42#4 pp. 222–255</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jorja Muir, "Eureka and Palisade Railroad," <i>Northeastern Nevada Historical Society Quarterly,</i> Dec 1999, Vol. 99#4 pp. 92–107</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">, John M. Gomes, "Golconda'S Glory Days, 1898–910," <i>Nevada Historical Society Quarterly,</i> June 2007, Vol. 50#2 pp. 145—167</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Tuscarora Mystery," <i>Northeastern Nevada Historical Society Quarterly,</i> 2008, Issue 2, pp. 38–40</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moe, Al W. <i>The Roots of Reno</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.amazon.com/Roots-Reno-Al-W-Moe/dp/143921199X/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1322253439&sr=1-1Booksurge">[1]</a>, 2008, p. 153</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dan Basañez, "Copper in the Cope," <i>Northeastern Nevada Historical Society Quarterly</i>, 2009, Issue 4, pp. 98-has–103</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marshall E. Bowen, "Bitter Times: The Summers of 1915 and 1916 on Northeast Nevada's Dry Farms," <i>Northeastern Nevada Historical Society Quarterly,</i> March 1993, Vol. 93#1 pp. 2–26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Driggs and Goodall, <i>Nevada Politics</i> ch 4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mary Ellen Glass, "The Silver Governors: Immigrants in Nevada Politics," <i>Nevada Historical Society Quarterly,</i> Sept 1978, Vol. 21#3 pp. 170–188</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James S. Olson, "Pioneer Catholicism in Eastern and Southern Nevada, 1864–1931," <i>Nevada Historical Society Quarterly,</i> Sep 1983, Vol. 26#3 pp. 159–171</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Albin J. Cofone, "Themes in the Italian Settlement of Nevada," <i>Nevada Historical Society Quarterly,</i> June 1982, Vol. 25#2 pp. 116130</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Phillip I. Earl, "Veiling the Tiger: The Crusade against Gambling, 1859–1910," <i>Nevada Historical Society Quarterly,</i> Dec 1985, Vol. 29#3 pp. 175–204</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.a2zlasvegas.com/fse/fse01.html">"Fremont Street Experience Brings Downtown Las Vegas Into Next Century"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fremont_Street_Experience" title="Fremont Street Experience">Fremont Street Experience</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-12-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fremont+Street+Experience+Brings+Downtown+Las+Vegas+Into+Next+Century&rft.pub=Fremont+Street+Experience&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.a2zlasvegas.com%2Ffse%2Ffse01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Nevada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0108242.html">"Nevada"</a>. InfoPlease.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-05-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nevada&rft.pub=InfoPlease.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoplease.com%2Fipa%2FA0108242.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Nevada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moe, Al W. <i>Nevada's Golden Age of Gambling</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Nevadas-Golden-Gambling-Revised-Expanded/dp/0971501904/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1322275959&sr=1-1">Puget Sound Books</a>, 2002, p. 68</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://populationstat.com/united-states/las-vegas">Las Vegas, United States Population</a>. Retrieved January 16, 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alexa-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Alexa_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Albert, Alexa, "<i>Brothel. Mustang Ranch and its Women</i>". Random House 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-375-50331-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-375-50331-5">0-375-50331-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=xCoaAAAAIBAJ&pg=5816,5814549&dq=indian-springs-army&hl=en">"The Milwaukee Journal"</a> – via Google News Archive Search.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Milwaukee+Journal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3DxCoaAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D5816%2C5814549%26dq%3Dindian-springs-army%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Nevada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1">Archive Search Report: Dixie Valley Bombing Target No. 21 (Report). <q>Fallon AAS also used ranges at Black Rock, Sahwave, Lovelock Gunnery Range, Pyramid Lake (torpedo bombing range) and Bravo 19</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Archive+Search+Report%3A+Dixie+Valley+Bombing+Target+No.+21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Nevada" class="Z3988"></span> (in the Blow Sand Mountains).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWheeler2003" class="citation book cs1">Wheeler, Sessions S. (September 2003) [1978]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gBYUBc-O4OgC&pg=PA174"><i>Nevada's Black Rock desert</i></a>. Caxton Press. p. 174. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87004-258-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87004-258-4"><bdi>978-0-87004-258-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-05-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nevada%27s+Black+Rock+desert&rft.pages=174&rft.pub=Caxton+Press&rft.date=2003-09&rft.isbn=978-0-87004-258-4&rft.aulast=Wheeler&rft.aufirst=Sessions+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgBYUBc-O4OgC%26pg%3DPA174&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Nevada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Earl-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Earl_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEarl1988" class="citation journal cs1">Earl, Phillip I (Winter–Spring 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.silentsaregolden.com/articles/BarbaraWorthmakingof.html">"Hollywood Comes to the Black Rock: The Story of the Making of The Winning of Barbara Worth"</a>. <i>Humboldt Historian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-05-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Humboldt+Historian&rft.atitle=Hollywood+Comes+to+the+Black+Rock%3A+The+Story+of+the+Making+of+The+Winning+of+Barbara+Worth&rft.chron=winter%E2%80%93spring&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Earl&rft.aufirst=Phillip+I&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.silentsaregolden.com%2Farticles%2FBarbaraWorthmakingof.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Nevada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert V. Nickel, "Dollars, Defense, and the Desert: Southern Nevada'S Military Economy and World War II," <i>Nevada Historical Society Quarterly,</i> Dec 2004, Vol. 47#4 pp. 303–327</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnic.navy.mil/Fallon/AboutCNIC/GeneralInformation/index.htm">"History"</a>. Naval Air Station Fallon<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-05-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History&rft.pub=Naval+Air+Station+Fallon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnic.navy.mil%2FFallon%2FAboutCNIC%2FGeneralInformation%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Nevada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodden2001" class="citation book cs1">Rodden, Mimi Garat (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nd0Miy0wRbcC&pg=PA8"><i>Boulder City, Nevada</i></a>. Arcadia. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0738507705" title="Special:BookSources/978-0738507705"><bdi>978-0738507705</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-05-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Boulder+City%2C+Nevada&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Arcadia&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0738507705&rft.aulast=Rodden&rft.aufirst=Mimi+Garat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dnd0Miy0wRbcC%26pg%3DPA8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Nevada" class="Z3988"></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PQqhz7JSQZUC&pg=PA28">camp newspaper</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northamericanforts.com/West/nv.html">"Nevada"</a>. <i>American Forts</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-05-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Forts&rft.atitle=Nevada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northamericanforts.com%2FWest%2Fnv.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Nevada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Don W. Driggs, and Leonard E. Goodall. <i>Nevada Politics & Government: Conservatism in an Open Society</i> (1996)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.city-data.com/states/Nevada-Industry.html">"Nevada – Industry"</a>. City-Data.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-05-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nevada+%E2%80%93+Industry&rft.pub=City-Data.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.city-data.com%2Fstates%2FNevada-Industry.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Nevada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Nevada&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Surveys">Surveys</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Nevada&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Surveys"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bowers, Michael W. <i>The Sagebrush State: Nevada's history, government, and politics</i> (University of Nevada Press, 2021).</li> <li>Driggs, Don W. and Leonard E. Goodall. <i>Nevada Politics and Government: Conservatism in an Open Society</i> (1996); university textbook</li> <li>Elliott, Russell R., and William D. Rowley. <i>History of Nevada</i> (2nd ed. 1987) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/read/28086552?title=History%20of%20Nevada">online edition</a></li> <li>Green, Michael S. <i>Nevada: A History of the Silver State</i> (2015).</li> <li>Hulse, James W. <i>The Nevada Adventure</i> (6th ed., 1990), for middle schools</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effie_Mona_Mack" title="Effie Mona Mack">Mack, Effie Mona</a>. <i>Nevada: A History of the State from the Earliest Times through the Civil War</i> (1936)</li> <li>Rowley, William D. "The Enterprise of Nevada History," <i>Nevada Historical Society Quarterly</i> 57 (2014) 139–159; Historiography.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cities_and_regions">Cities and regions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Nevada&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Cities and regions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Brigham, Jay. "Reno, Las Vegas, and the Strip: A Tale of Three Cities." <i>Western Historical Quarterly</i> 46.4 (2015): 529–530.</li> <li>Brents, Barbara, Crystal Jackson, and Kathryn Hausbeck. <i>The state of sex: Tourism, sex and sin in the new American heartland</i> (Routledge, 2009); a study of Nevada's brothels. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/State-Sex-American-Heartland-Sociology/dp/0415929482/">excerpt</a></li> <li>Foster, Jonathan. <i>Stigma Cities: The Reputation and History of Birmingham, San Francisco, and Las Vegas</i> (University of Oklahoma Press, 2018).</li> <li>Moehring, Eugene P. <i>Resort City in the Sunbelt: Las Vegas, 1930–2000</i> (2000).</li> <li>Moehring, Eugene, "The Urban Impact: Towns and Cities in Nevada's History," <i>Nevada Historical Society Quarterly</i> 57 (2014): 177–200.</li> <li>Rowley, Rex J. <i>Everyday Las Vegas: Local Life in a Tourist Town</i> (2013)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economy_and_people">Economy and people</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Nevada&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Economy and people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bennett, Dana R., "'The Up-Growth of New Industries': Transformation of Nevada's Economy, 1918–1929," <i>Nevada Historical Society Quarterly</i>, 52 (Fall 2009), 175–97.</li> <li>DePolo, Ron, and Mark Pingle. "A Statistical History of the Nevada Population, 1860–1993," <i>Nevada Historical Society Quarterly,</i>Dec 1994, Vol. 37#4, pp. 282–306</li> <li>Douglass, William A. and <a href="/wiki/Jon_Bilbao" title="Jon Bilbao">Jon Bilbao</a>, <i>Amerikanuak: Basques in the New World</i> (1975), scholarly study; ch 6 covers Nevada</li> <li>Elliott, Russell R. <i>Nevada's Twentieth Century Mining Boom</i> (1965).</li> <li>Glass, Mary Ellen. <i>Silver and Politics in Nevada, 1892–1902</i> (1969)</li> <li>Goldman, Marion. <i>Gold Diggers and Silver Miners</i> (1981).</li> <li>Harrison, Sylvia. "The Historical Development of Nevada Water Law." <i>University of Denver Water Law Review</i> 5 (2001): 148+ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcommons.du.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2528&context=wlr">online</a></li> <li>Martínez, Magdalena. "The Unfolding of Latinx Political Power in Nevada: Doubling Down on Urban-Education Policy." <i>Harvard Journal of Hispanic Policy</i> 32 (2020): 55–76. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hjhp.hkspublications.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/15/2020/04/HLAA-Complimentary-e-Journal-Volume-32.pdf#page=59">online</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics_2">Politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Nevada&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bushnell, Eleanore, ed. <i>Sagebrush and Neon: Studies in Nevada Politics</i> (2nd ed. 1976).</li> <li>Edwards, Jerome E. <i>Pat McCarran: Political Boss of Nevada</i> (1982), highly detailed narrative covers 1916 to 1954</li> <li>Elliott, Gary E. <i>Senator Alan Bible and the Politics of the New West</i> (1994)</li> <li>Raymond, Elizabeth. <i>George Wingfield: Owner and Operator of Nevada</i> (1992)</li> <li>Rosenfeld, Sam, and Daniel Schlozman. "The Revival of the Nevada Democratic Party." (Johns Hopkins University, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snfagora.jhu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/SNF-Agora-Case-Study_Nevada-Democratic-Party.pdf">online</a></li> <li>Titus, A. Constandina. ed. <i>Battle Born: Federal-State Conflict in Nevada during the Twentieth Century</i> (1989)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_sources">Primary sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Nevada&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Primary sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Reid, John B.. and Ronald M. James, eds. <i>Uncovering Nevada's Past: A Primary Source History of the Silver State</i> (2004)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_Nevada&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/library/history/united-states-history/states-and-cities/nevada-history.jsp">online books and articles</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFederal_Writers'_Project1957" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Writers%27_Project" title="Federal Writers' Project">Federal Writers' Project</a> (1957), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015048749454?urlappend=%3Bseq=393">"Chronology"</a>, <i>Nevada: a Guide to the Silver State</i>, <a href="/wiki/American_Guide_Series" title="American Guide Series">American Guide Series</a>, Portland, Or.: <a href="/wiki/Binfords_%26_Mort" class="mw-redirect" title="Binfords & Mort">Binfords & Mort</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Fmdp.39015048749454?urlappend=%3Bseq=393">2027/mdp.39015048749454</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chronology&rft.btitle=Nevada%3A+a+Guide+to+the+Silver+State&rft.place=Portland%2C+Or.&rft.series=American+Guide+Series&rft.pub=Binfords+%26+Mort&rft.date=1957&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Fmdp.39015048749454%3Furlappend%3D%253Bseq%3D393&rft.au=Federal+Writers%27+Project&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdl.handle.net%2F2027%2Fmdp.39015048749454%3Furlappend%3D%253Bseq%3D393&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+Nevada" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="State_of_Nevada" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nevada" title="Template:Nevada"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nevada" title="Template talk:Nevada"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nevada" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nevada"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="State_of_Nevada" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Carson_City,_Nevada" title="Carson City, Nevada">Carson City</a></b> (capital)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Nevada" title="Outline of Nevada">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Nevada-related_articles" title="Index of Nevada-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Nevada" title="Geography of Nevada">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Nevada" title="Government of Nevada">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Nevada" title="United States congressional delegations from Nevada">Delegations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_Territory" title="Nevada Territory">Nevada Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_during_World_War_II" title="Nevada during World War II">World War II</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Nevada" title="List of people from Nevada">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nevada_state_symbols" title="List of Nevada state symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Nevada" title="Category:Tourist attractions in Nevada">Tourist attractions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada#Transportation" title="Nevada">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Nevada" title="Fauna of Nevada">Fauna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Nevada" title="Abortion in Nevada">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nevada_culture" title="Category:Nevada culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Nevada" title="Crime in Nevada">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Nevada" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of Nevada">Demographics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispanics_and_Latinos_in_Nevada" title="Hispanics and Latinos in Nevada">Hispanics and Latinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_Nevada" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous peoples of Nevada">Native Americans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Nevada" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Nevada">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Nevada" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in Nevada">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Nevada" title="Elections in Nevada">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_laws_in_Nevada" title="Gun laws in Nevada">Gun laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Nevada" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Nevada">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Nevada" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Nevada">Politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States#Nevada" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Rock_Desert" title="Black Rock Desert">Black Rock Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Valley_(Nevada)" title="Eagle Valley (Nevada)">Eagle Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Basin" title="Great Basin">Great Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Mead" title="Lake Mead">Lake Mead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Tahoe" title="Lake Tahoe">Lake Tahoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Valley" title="Las Vegas Valley">Las Vegas Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojave_Desert" title="Mojave Desert">Mojave Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahranagat_Valley" title="Pahranagat Valley">Pahranagat Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada" title="Sierra Nevada">Sierra Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trout_Creek_Mountains" title="Trout Creek Mountains">Trout Creek Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truckee_Meadows" title="Truckee Meadows">Truckee Meadows</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Metropolitan statistical area">Metro areas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Valley" title="Las Vegas Valley">Las Vegas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reno,_NV_Metropolitan_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Reno, NV Metropolitan Statistical Area">Reno</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_Nevada" title="List of counties in Nevada">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Churchill_County,_Nevada" title="Churchill County, Nevada">Churchill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clark_County,_Nevada" title="Clark County, Nevada">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_County,_Nevada" title="Douglas County, Nevada">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elko_County,_Nevada" title="Elko County, Nevada">Elko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esmeralda_County,_Nevada" title="Esmeralda County, Nevada">Esmeralda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eureka_County,_Nevada" title="Eureka County, Nevada">Eureka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humboldt_County,_Nevada" title="Humboldt County, Nevada">Humboldt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lander_County,_Nevada" title="Lander County, Nevada">Lander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_County,_Nevada" title="Lincoln County, Nevada">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyon_County,_Nevada" title="Lyon County, Nevada">Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineral_County,_Nevada" title="Mineral County, Nevada">Mineral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nye_County,_Nevada" title="Nye County, Nevada">Nye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pershing_County,_Nevada" title="Pershing County, Nevada">Pershing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storey_County,_Nevada" title="Storey County, Nevada">Storey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washoe_County,_Nevada" title="Washoe County, Nevada">Washoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Pine_County,_Nevada" title="White Pine County, Nevada">White Pine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Nevada" title="List of cities in Nevada">Cities and<br />communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alamo,_Nevada" title="Alamo, Nevada">Alamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amargosa_Valley,_Nevada" title="Amargosa Valley, Nevada">Amargosa Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin,_Nevada" title="Austin, Nevada">Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baker,_Nevada" title="Baker, Nevada">Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_Mountain,_Nevada" title="Battle Mountain, Nevada">Battle Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beatty,_Nevada" title="Beatty, Nevada">Beatty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulder_City,_Nevada" title="Boulder City, Nevada">Boulder City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caliente,_Nevada" title="Caliente, Nevada">Caliente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlin,_Nevada" title="Carlin, Nevada">Carlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carson_City,_Nevada" title="Carson City, Nevada">Carson City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elko,_Nevada" title="Elko, Nevada">Elko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ely,_Nevada" title="Ely, Nevada">Ely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enterprise,_Nevada" title="Enterprise, Nevada">Enterprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eureka,_Nevada" title="Eureka, Nevada">Eureka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fallon,_Nevada" title="Fallon, Nevada">Fallon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernley,_Nevada" title="Fernley, Nevada">Fernley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardnerville_Ranchos,_Nevada" title="Gardnerville Ranchos, Nevada">Gardnerville Ranchos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerlach,_Nevada" title="Gerlach, Nevada">Gerlach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldfield,_Nevada" title="Goldfield, Nevada">Goldfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawthorne,_Nevada" title="Hawthorne, Nevada">Hawthorne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henderson,_Nevada" title="Henderson, Nevada">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incline_Village,_Nevada" title="Incline Village, Nevada">Incline Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laughlin,_Nevada" title="Laughlin, Nevada">Laughlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovelock,_Nevada" title="Lovelock, Nevada">Lovelock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesquite,_Nevada" title="Mesquite, Nevada">Mesquite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minden,_Nevada" title="Minden, Nevada">Minden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Las_Vegas" class="mw-redirect" title="North Las Vegas">North Las Vegas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panaca,_Nevada" title="Panaca, Nevada">Panaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahrump,_Nevada" title="Pahrump, Nevada">Pahrump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paradise,_Nevada" title="Paradise, Nevada">Paradise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioche,_Nevada" title="Pioche, Nevada">Pioche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primm,_Nevada" title="Primm, Nevada">Primm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel,_Nevada" title="Rachel, Nevada">Rachel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reno,_Nevada" title="Reno, Nevada">Reno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Springs,_Nevada" title="Spanish Springs, Nevada">Spanish Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparks,_Nevada" title="Sparks, Nevada">Sparks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_Creek,_Nevada" title="Spring Creek, Nevada">Spring Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_Valley,_Nevada" title="Spring Valley, Nevada">Spring Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stateline,_Nevada" title="Stateline, Nevada">Stateline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summerlin_South,_Nevada" title="Summerlin South, Nevada">Summerlin South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Valley,_Nevada" title="Sun Valley, Nevada">Sun Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunrise_Manor,_Nevada" title="Sunrise Manor, Nevada">Sunrise Manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonopah,_Nevada" title="Tonopah, Nevada">Tonopah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_City,_Nevada" title="Virginia City, Nevada">Virginia City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Wendover,_Nevada" title="West Wendover, Nevada">West Wendover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winnemucca,_Nevada" title="Winnemucca, Nevada">Winnemucca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitney,_Nevada" title="Whitney, Nevada">Whitney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winchester,_Nevada" title="Winchester, Nevada">Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerington,_Nevada" title="Yerington, Nevada">Yerington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former counties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bullfrog_County,_Nevada" title="Bullfrog County, Nevada">Bullfrog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ormsby_County,_Nevada" title="Ormsby County, Nevada">Ormsby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roop_County,_Nevada" title="Roop County, Nevada">Roop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Flag_of_Nevada.svg/32px-Flag_of_Nevada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Flag_of_Nevada.svg/48px-Flag_of_Nevada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Flag_of_Nevada.svg/64px-Flag_of_Nevada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Nevada" title="Portal:Nevada">Nevada portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_the_United_States_by_polity" style="text-align:left;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:U.S._political_divisions_histories" title="Template:U.S. political divisions histories"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:U.S._political_divisions_histories" title="Template talk:U.S. political divisions histories"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:U.S._political_divisions_histories" title="Special:EditPage/Template:U.S. political divisions histories"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_the_United_States_by_polity" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States" title="History of the United States">History of the United States</a> by polity</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; vertical-align:top;">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Alabama" title="History of Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Alaska" title="History of Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Arizona" title="History of Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Arkansas" title="History of Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_California" title="History of California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Colorado" title="History of Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Connecticut" title="History of Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Delaware" title="History of Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Florida" title="History of Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="History of Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hawaii" title="History of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Idaho" title="History of Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Illinois" title="History of Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Indiana" title="History of Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Iowa" title="History of Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kansas" title="History of Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kentucky" title="History of Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Louisiana" title="History of Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Maine" title="History of Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Maryland" title="History of Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Massachusetts" title="History of Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Michigan" title="History of Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Minnesota" title="History of Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mississippi" title="History of Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Missouri" title="History of Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Montana" title="History of Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Nebraska" title="History of Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Hampshire" title="History of New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Jersey" title="History of New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_Mexico" title="History of New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_(state)" title="History of New York (state)">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_North_Carolina" title="History of North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_North_Dakota" title="History of North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ohio" title="History of Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Oklahoma" title="History of Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Oregon" title="History of Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Pennsylvania" title="History of Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Rhode_Island" title="History of Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_South_Carolina" title="History of South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_South_Dakota" title="History of South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Tennessee" title="History of Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Texas" title="History of Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Utah" title="History of Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Vermont" title="History of Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Virginia" title="History of Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Washington_(state)" title="History of Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_West_Virginia" title="History of West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Wisconsin" title="History of Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Wyoming" title="History of Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_district" title="Federal district">Federal district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Washington,_D.C." title="History of Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_American_Samoa" title="History of American Samoa">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Guam" title="History of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Northern_Mariana_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Puerto_Rico" title="History of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="History of the United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="United States Minor Outlying Islands">Outlying islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Baker_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Baker Island">Baker Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Howland_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Howland Island">Howland Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Jarvis_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Jarvis Island">Jarvis Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Johnston_Atoll" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Johnston Atoll">Johnston Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kingman_Reef" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Kingman Reef">Kingman Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Midway_Atoll" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Midway Atoll">Midway Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Navassa_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Navassa Island">Navassa Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Palmyra_Atoll" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Palmyra Atoll">Palmyra Atoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Wake_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Wake Island">Wake Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Spanish_Empire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Spanish_Empire" title="Template:Spanish Empire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Spanish_Empire" title="Template talk:Spanish Empire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Spanish_Empire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Spanish Empire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spanish_Empire" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="Timeline–immersed" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Timeline–immersed</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Monarchs">Catholic Monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Spanish colonization of the Americas">Conquest of the Americas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_East_Indies" title="Spanish East Indies">Asia and the Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tordesillas" title="Treaty of Tordesillas">Treaty of Tordesillas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Wars" title="Italian Wars">Italian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Spain" title="Habsburg Spain">Habsburgs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Golden_Age" title="Spanish Golden Age">Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_League_of_Cognac" title="War of the League of Cognac">War of the League of Cognac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encomienda" title="Encomienda">Encomiendas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Laws" title="New Laws">New Laws in favour of the indigenous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_the_Moriscos" title="Expulsion of the Moriscos">Expulsion of the Moriscos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Habsburg_wars" title="Ottoman–Habsburg wars">Ottoman–Habsburg wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Wars_of_Religion" title="French Wars of Religion">French Wars of Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castilian_War" title="Castilian War">Bruneian–Spanish conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Spanish_War_(1585%E2%80%931604)" title="Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)">Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_in_the_Caribbean" title="Piracy in the Caribbean">Piracy in the Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighty_Years%27_War" title="Eighty Years' War">Eighty Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93Moro_conflict" title="Spanish–Moro conflict">Spanish–Moro conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Spanish_War_(1635%E2%80%931659)" title="Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659)">Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Restoration_War" title="Portuguese Restoration War">Portuguese Restoration War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Spanish_Succession" title="War of the Spanish Succession">War of the Spanish Succession</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Anne%27s_War" title="Queen Anne's War">Queen Anne's War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Spain" title="Enlightenment in Spain">Bourbons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Reforms" title="Bourbon Reforms">Bourbon Reforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Jenkins%27_Ear" title="War of Jenkins' Ear">War of Jenkins' Ear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Madrid_(13_January_1750)" title="Treaty of Madrid (13 January 1750)">Treaty of Madrid (1750)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nootka_Convention" title="Nootka Convention">Nootka Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Napoleonic invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Treaty_of_San_Ildefonso" title="Third Treaty of San Ildefonso">Third Treaty of San Ildefonso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_American_wars_of_independence" title="Spanish American wars of independence">Independence of Spanish continental Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adams%E2%80%93On%C3%ADs_Treaty" title="Adams–Onís Treaty">Adams–Onís Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Constitution_of_1812" title="Spanish Constitution of 1812">Liberal constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlist_Wars" title="Carlist Wars">Carlist Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Spanish_Treaty_(1899)" title="German–Spanish Treaty (1899)">German–Spanish Treaty (1899)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Morocco#Independent_Morocco_(since_1956)" title="History of Morocco">Independence of Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Guinea" title="Spanish Guinea">Independence of Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Sahara_conflict" title="Western Sahara conflict">Western Sahara conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="Territories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Territories</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Europe</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castille" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown of Castille">Crown of Castille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Crown of Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_Union" title="Iberian Union">Union with Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></li></ul></li> <li>Southern Italy (Kingdoms of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples#Aragonese_dynasty" title="Kingdom of Naples">Naples</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily#The_insular_kingdom_of_Sicily_under_the_Crown_of_Aragon_and_Spain" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Sicily</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sardinia#Aragonese_period" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Milan" title="Duchy of Milan">Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Union with Holy Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Netherlands" title="Spanish Netherlands">Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, northernmost France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franche-Comt%C3%A9" title="Franche-Comté">Franche-Comté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Catalonia" title="Northern Catalonia">Pyrénées-Orientales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">North America</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_expeditions_to_the_Pacific_Northwest" title="Spanish expeditions to the Pacific Northwest">Coastal Alaska</a>, Central United States (<a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_Spain)" title="Louisiana (New Spain)">Spanish Louisiana</a>), Western United States (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_Texas" title="Spanish Texas">Spanish Texas</a>), <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Florida" title="Spanish Florida">Florida</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingdom_of_Mexico&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kingdom of Mexico (page does not exist)">Mexico</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_M%C3%A9xico" class="extiw" title="es:Reino de México">es</a>]</span>, Central America (<a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Yucatan" class="mw-redirect" title="Captaincy General of Yucatan">Captaincy General of Yucatan</a>), <a href="/wiki/Spanish_West_Indies" title="Spanish West Indies">Spanish Caribbean</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Central_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Central America</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Guatemala" title="Captaincy General of Guatemala">Captaincy General of Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_West_Indies" title="Spanish West Indies">Spanish West Indies</a> (<a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Cuba" title="Captaincy General of Cuba">Cuba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Santo_Domingo" title="Captaincy General of Santo Domingo">Dominican Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Captaincy General of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago#Spanish_period" title="History of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colony_of_Santiago" title="Colony of Santiago">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Haiti#Spanish_history_(1492–1625)" title="History of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aruba#History" title="Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao#History" title="Curaçao">Curazao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaire#History" title="Bonaire">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Belize_(1506%E2%80%931862)" title="History of Belize (1506–1862)">Belize</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="South_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">South America</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Granada" title="Viceroyalty of New Granada">New Granada</a> (<a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Granada" title="New Kingdom of Granada">Colombia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Quito" title="Real Audiencia of Quito">Ecuador</a>, <a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Panama" title="Real Audiencia of Panama">Panama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Venezuela" title="Captaincy General of Venezuela">Venezuela, part of Guyana</a>, a northernmost portion of Brazilian Amazon)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_Peru" title="Viceroyalty of Peru">Peru</a> (Peru, <a href="/wiki/Acre_(state)" title="Acre (state)">Acre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Chile" title="Captaincy General of Chile">Chile</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" title="Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata">Río de la Plata</a> (<a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" title="Governorate of the Río de la Plata">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_Paraguay" title="Governorate of Paraguay">Paraguay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Charcas" title="Real Audiencia of Charcas">Charcas</a> (Bolivia), <a href="/wiki/Banda_Oriental" title="Banda Oriental">Banda Oriental</a> (Uruguay), <a href="/wiki/Misiones_Orientales" title="Misiones Orientales">Misiones Orientales</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="History of the Falkland Islands">Malvinas</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Asia_and_Oceania_(Spanish_East_Indies)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Asia and Oceania (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_East_Indies" title="Spanish East Indies">Spanish East Indies</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_the_Philippines" title="Captaincy General of the Philippines">Captaincy General of the Philippines</a> (<a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Mariana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Islands" title="Caroline Islands">Caroline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Micronesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palau" title="Palau">Palau</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Formosa" title="Spanish Formosa">Northern Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tidore" title="Tidore">Tidore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Africa</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Guinea" title="Spanish Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li>Northern Africa (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_Sahara" title="Spanish Sahara">Western Sahara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_protectorate_in_Morocco" title="Spanish protectorate in Morocco">Spanish Morocco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Tripoli" title="Spanish Tripoli">Tripoli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunis#Spanish_occupation_and_Ottoman_control" title="Tunis">Tunis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pe%C3%B1%C3%B3n_of_Algiers" title="Peñón of Algiers">Peñón of Algiers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oran#Spanish_period_(1509–1708,_1732–1792)" title="Oran">Oran</a>, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9ja%C3%AFa#Muslim_and_feudal_rulers" title="Béjaïa">Béjaïa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ifni" title="Ifni">Ifni</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cape_Juby" title="Cape Juby">Cape Juby</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Antarctica" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Antarctica</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terra_Australis,_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Terra Australis, Spain">Terra Australis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="Administration" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Administration</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;">Organization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: white; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayuntamiento" title="Ayuntamiento">Ayuntamiento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabildo_(council)" title="Cabildo (council)">Cabildo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_Indies" title="Council of the Indies">Council of the Indies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germania_(guild)" title="Germania (guild)">Germania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Hermandad" title="Santa Hermandad">Santa Hermandad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;">Law</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: white; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exequatur" title="Exequatur">Exequatur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laws_of_the_Indies" title="Laws of the Indies">Laws of the Indies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">Papal bull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Decree_of_Graces_of_1815" title="Royal Decree of Graces of 1815">Royal Decree of Graces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_of_Salamanca" title="School of Salamanca">School of Salamanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_residence" title="Trial of residence">Trial of residence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;">Titles and positions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: white; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcalde" title="Alcalde">Alcalde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corregidor_(position)" title="Corregidor (position)">Corregidor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_president" title="Municipal president">Municipal president</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regidor" title="Regidor">Regidor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndic" title="Syndic">Syndic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vecino" title="Vecino">Vecino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="Administrative_subdivisions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Administrative subdivisions</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Viceroy#In_the_Americas" title="Viceroy">Viceroyalties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: white; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbian_Viceroyalty" title="Columbian Viceroyalty">Columbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Viceroyalty of New Spain">New Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Granada" title="Viceroyalty of New Granada">New Granada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_Peru" title="Viceroyalty of Peru">Perú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" title="Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata">Río de la Plata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Captaincies_of_the_Spanish_Empire" title="Captaincies of the Spanish Empire">Captaincies General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: white; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Chile" title="Captaincy General of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Cuba" title="Captaincy General of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Guatemala" title="Captaincy General of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_the_Philippines" title="Captaincy General of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincias_Internas" title="Provincias Internas">Provincias Internas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Captaincy General of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Santo_Domingo" title="Captaincy General of Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Venezuela" title="Captaincy General of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Yucat%C3%A1n" title="Captaincy General of Yucatán">Yucatán</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Governorates_of_the_Spanish_Empire" title="Governorates of the Spanish Empire">Governorates</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: white; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castilla_de_Oro" title="Castilla de Oro">Castilla de Oro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_Cuba" title="Governorate of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Florida" title="Spanish Florida">La Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_(New_Spain)" title="Louisiana (New Spain)">La Luisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_New_Andalusia_(1501%E2%80%931513)" title="Governorate of New Andalusia (1501–1513)">New Andalusia (1501–1513)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_New_Andalusia" title="Governorate of New Andalusia">New Andalusia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_New_Castile" title="Governorate of New Castile">New Castile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Navarre" title="New Navarre">New Navarre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_New_Toledo" title="Governorate of New Toledo">New Toledo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_Paraguay" title="Governorate of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_the_R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" title="Governorate of the Río de la Plata">Río de la Plata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorate_of_Terra_Australis" title="Governorate of Terra Australis">Terra Australis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia" title="Real Audiencia">Audiencias</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: white; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Granada" title="New Kingdom of Granada">Bogotá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Audiencia_of_Buenos_Aires" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Audiencia of Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Venezuela" title="Captaincy General of Venezuela">Caracas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Charcas" title="Real Audiencia of Charcas">Charcas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Concepci%C3%B3n" title="Real Audiencia of Concepción">Concepción</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Cusco" class="mw-redirect" title="Real Audiencia of Cusco">Cusco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Audiencia_of_Guadalajara" title="Royal Audiencia of Guadalajara">Guadalajara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Guatemala" title="Real Audiencia of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Lima" title="Real Audiencia of Lima">Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Manila" title="Real Audiencia of Manila">Manila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Audiencia_of_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Audiencia of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Panama" title="Real Audiencia of Panama">Panamá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Quito" title="Real Audiencia of Quito">Quito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Santiago" title="Real Audiencia of Santiago">Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_Audiencia_of_Santo_Domingo" title="Real Audiencia of Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="Economy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Economy</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Currency_of_Spanish_America" title="Currency of Spanish America">Currencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_dollar" title="Spanish dollar">Dollar (Peso)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonial_real" title="Spanish colonial real">Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maraved%C3%AD" title="Maravedí">Maravedí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_escudo" title="Spanish escudo">Escudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columnarios" class="mw-redirect" title="Columnarios">Columnario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubloon" title="Doubloon">Doubloon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trade</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manila_galleon" title="Manila galleon">Manila galleon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_treasure_fleet" title="Spanish treasure fleet">Spanish treasure fleet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casa_de_Contrataci%C3%B3n" title="Casa de Contratación">Casa de Contratación</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Road" title="Spanish Road">Spanish Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guipuzcoan_Company_of_Caracas" title="Guipuzcoan Company of Caracas">Guipuzcoan Company of Caracas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcelona_Trading_Company" title="Barcelona Trading Company">Barcelona Trading Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consulate_of_the_Sea" title="Consulate of the Sea">Consulate of the Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camino_Real_de_Tierra_Adentro" title="Camino Real de Tierra Adentro">Camino Real de Tierra Adentro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commerce_Consulate_of_Buenos_Aires" title="Commerce Consulate of Buenos Aires">Commerce Consulate of Buenos Aires</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="Military" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Military</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;">Armies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: white; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tercio" title="Tercio">Tercio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_Flanders" title="Army of Flanders">Army of Flanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Company_of_Volunteers_of_Catalonia" title="Free Company of Volunteers of Catalonia">Free Company of Volunteers of Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_auxiliaries" title="Indian auxiliaries">Indian auxiliaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armada" title="Spanish Armada">Spanish Armada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ships_of_the_line_of_Spain" title="List of ships of the line of Spain">Ships of the line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royalist_(Spanish_American_independence)" title="Royalist (Spanish American independence)">Royalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Legion" title="Spanish Legion">Legión</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_Africa_(Spain)" title="Army of Africa (Spain)">Army of Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;">Strategists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: white; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_%C3%81lvarez_de_Toledo,_3rd_Duke_of_Alba" title="Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, 3rd Duke of Alba">Duke of Alba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_de_Leyva,_Duke_of_Terranova" title="Antonio de Leyva, Duke of Terranova">Antonio de Leyva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_de_Goiti" title="Martín de Goiti">Martín de Goiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_d%27Avalos" title="Alfonso d'Avalos">Alfonso d'Avalos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_de_Toledo_Osorio,_4th_Marquis_of_Villafranca" class="mw-redirect" title="García de Toledo Osorio, 4th Marquis of Villafranca">García de Toledo Osorio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Philibert,_Duke_of_Savoy" title="Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy">Duke of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_de_Baz%C3%A1n_the_Elder" title="Álvaro de Bazán the Elder">Álvaro de Bazán the Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Austria" title="John of Austria">John of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bonaventure_de_Longueval,_Count_of_Bucquoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Bonaventure de Longueval, Count of Bucquoy">Charles Bonaventure de Longueval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Zubiaur" title="Pedro de Zubiaur">Pedro de Zubiaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrogio_Spinola,_1st_Marquis_of_the_Balbases" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambrogio Spinola, 1st Marquis of the Balbases">Ambrosio Spinola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blas_de_Lezo" title="Blas de Lezo">Blas de Lezo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_de_G%C3%A1lvez" title="Bernardo de Gálvez">Bernardo de Gálvez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;">Mariners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: white; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinz%C3%B3n_brothers" title="Pinzón brothers">Pinzón brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan" title="Ferdinand Magellan">Ferdinand Magellan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Sebasti%C3%A1n_Elcano" title="Juan Sebastián Elcano">Juan Sebastián Elcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_la_Cosa" title="Juan de la Cosa">Juan de la Cosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Ponce_de_Le%C3%B3n" title="Juan Ponce de León">Juan Ponce de León</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_L%C3%B3pez_de_Legazpi" title="Miguel López de Legazpi">Miguel López de Legazpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Men%C3%A9ndez_de_Avil%C3%A9s" title="Pedro Menéndez de Avilés">Pedro Menéndez de Avilés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A1n_de_Ocampo" title="Sebastián de Ocampo">Sebastián de Ocampo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvar_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_Cabeza_de_Vaca" title="Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca">Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alonso_de_Ojeda" title="Alonso de Ojeda">Alonso de Ojeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasco_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez_de_Balboa" title="Vasco Núñez de Balboa">Vasco Núñez de Balboa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alonso_de_Salazar" title="Alonso de Salazar">Alonso de Salazar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_de_Urdaneta" title="Andrés de Urdaneta">Andrés de Urdaneta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_de_Ulloa" title="Antonio de Ulloa">Antonio de Ulloa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruy_L%C3%B3pez_de_Villalobos" title="Ruy López de Villalobos">Ruy López de Villalobos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Columbus" title="Diego Columbus">Diego Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alonso_de_Ercilla" title="Alonso de Ercilla">Alonso de Ercilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s_de_Ovando" title="Nicolás de Ovando">Nicolás de Ovando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Ayala" title="Juan de Ayala">Juan de Ayala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A1n_Vizca%C3%ADno" title="Sebastián Vizcaíno">Sebastián Vizcaíno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Fern%C3%A1ndez_(explorer)" title="Juan Fernández (explorer)">Juan Fernández</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Fajardo_y_Ru%C3%ADz_de_Avenda%C3%B1o" class="mw-redirect" title="Luis Fajardo y Ruíz de Avendaño">Luis Fajardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez_de_Ahedo" title="Felipe González de Ahedo">Felipe González de Ahedo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;"><a href="/wiki/Conquistador" title="Conquistador">Conquistadors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: white; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_Cort%C3%A9s" title="Hernán Cortés">Hernán Cortés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Pizarro" title="Francisco Pizarro">Francisco Pizarro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Jim%C3%A9nez_de_Quesada" title="Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada">Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_P%C3%A9rez_de_Quesada" title="Hernán Pérez de Quesada">Hernán Pérez de Quesada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_V%C3%A1zquez_de_Coronado" title="Francisco Vázquez de Coronado">Francisco Vázquez de Coronado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_Vel%C3%A1zquez_de_Cu%C3%A9llar" title="Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar">Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Valdivia" title="Pedro de Valdivia">Pedro de Valdivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaspar_de_Portol%C3%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaspar de Portolà">Gaspar de Portolà</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pere_Fages_i_Beleta" class="mw-redirect" title="Pere Fages i Beleta">Pere Fages i Beleta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Orp%C3%AD" title="Joan Orpí">Joan Orpí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Alvarado" title="Pedro de Alvarado">Pedro de Alvarado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_de_Urs%C3%BAa" title="Martín de Ursúa">Martín de Ursúa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_de_Almagro" title="Diego de Almagro">Diego de Almagro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1nfilo_de_Narv%C3%A1ez" title="Pánfilo de Narváez">Pánfilo de Narváez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diego_de_Mazariegos" title="Diego de Mazariegos">Diego de Mazariegos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jer%C3%B3nimo_Luis_de_Cabrera" title="Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera">Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pere_d%27Albern%C3%AD_i_Teixidor" class="mw-redirect" title="Pere d'Alberní i Teixidor">Pere d'Alberní i Teixidor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garc%C3%ADa_L%C3%B3pez_de_C%C3%A1rdenas" title="García López de Cárdenas">García López de Cárdenas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;white-space: nowrap; text-align: right;">Notable battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background: white; text-align: left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Old World</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Won</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_the_Comuneros" title="Revolt of the Comuneros">Comuneros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bicocca" title="Battle of Bicocca">Bicocca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(1527)" title="Sack of Rome (1527)">Rome (1527)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Landriano" title="Battle of Landriano">Landriano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pavia" title="Battle of Pavia">Pavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Tunis_(1535)" title="Conquest of Tunis (1535)">Tunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_M%C3%BChlberg" title="Battle of Mühlberg">Mühlberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St._Quentin_(1557)" title="Battle of St. Quentin (1557)">St. Quentin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gravelines_(1558)" title="Battle of Gravelines (1558)">Gravelines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Siege_of_Malta" title="Great Siege of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lepanto" title="Battle of Lepanto">Lepanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Antwerp" title="Fall of Antwerp">Antwerp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ponta_Delgada" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Ponta Delgada">Azores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Mons_(1572)" title="Siege of Mons (1572)">Mons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gembloux_(1578)" title="Battle of Gembloux (1578)">Gembloux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ostend" title="Siege of Ostend">Ostend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Armada" title="English Armada">English Armada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Celidonia" title="Battle of Cape Celidonia">Cape Celidonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_White_Mountain" title="Battle of White Mountain">White Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Breda_(1624)" title="Siege of Breda (1624)">Breda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_N%C3%B6rdlingen_(1634)" title="Battle of Nördlingen (1634)">Nördlingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valenciennes_(1656)" title="Battle of Valenciennes (1656)">Valenciennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sieges_of_Ceuta_(1694%E2%80%931727)" title="Sieges of Ceuta (1694–1727)">Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bitonto" title="Battle of Bitonto">Bitonto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bail%C3%A9n" title="Battle of Bailén">Bailén</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vitoria" title="Battle of Vitoria">Vitoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_T%C3%A9touan" title="Battle of Tétouan">Tetouan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alhucemas_landing" title="Alhucemas landing">Alhucemas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lost</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Capo_d%27Orso" title="Battle of Capo d'Orso">Capo d'Orso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Vienna_(1529)" title="Siege of Vienna (1529)">Vienna (1529)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Preveza" title="Battle of Preveza">Preveza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Castelnuovo" title="Siege of Castelnuovo">Siege of Castelnuovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algiers_expedition_(1541)" title="Algiers expedition (1541)">Algiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ceresole" title="Battle of Ceresole">Ceresole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_invasion_of_the_Balearic_Islands_(1558)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman invasion of the Balearic Islands (1558)">Balearic Islands (1558)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Djerba" title="Battle of Djerba">Djerba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Tunis_(1574)" title="Conquest of Tunis (1574)">Tunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Armada" title="Spanish Armada">Spanish Armada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Leiden" title="Siege of Leiden">Leiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rocroi" title="Battle of Rocroi">Rocroi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Downs" title="Battle of the Downs">Downs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Montes_Claros" title="Battle of Montes Claros">Montes Claros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Passaro" title="Battle of Cape Passaro">Passaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Manila_Bay" title="Battle of Manila Bay">Manila Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trafalgar" title="Battle of Trafalgar">Trafalgar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Somosierra" title="Battle of Somosierra">Somosierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Annual" title="Battle of Annual">Annual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mactan" title="Battle of Mactan">Mactan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New World</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Won</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Tenochtitlan" title="Fall of Tenochtitlan">Tenochtitlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cajamarca" title="Battle of Cajamarca">Cajamarca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Cusco" title="Siege of Cusco">Cusco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Muisca" title="Spanish conquest of the Muisca">Bogotá savanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Penco" title="Battle of Penco">Penco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mataquito" title="Battle of Mataquito">Mataquito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guadalupe_Island_(1595)" title="Battle of Guadalupe Island (1595)">Guadalupe Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Recife_(1595)" title="Capture of Recife (1595)">Recife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Juan_(1595)" title="Battle of San Juan (1595)">San Juan (1595)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recapture_of_Bahia" title="Recapture of Bahia">Bahia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Colonia_del_Sacramento" title="Siege of Colonia del Sacramento">Colonia del Sacramento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_the_Comuneros_(Paraguay)" title="Revolt of the Comuneros (Paraguay)">Comuneros (Paraguay)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cartagena_de_Indias" title="Battle of Cartagena de Indias">Cartagena de Indias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuerno_Verde" title="Cuerno Verde">Cuerno Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebellion_of_T%C3%BApac_Amaru_II" title="Rebellion of Túpac Amaru II">Túpac Amaru II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BApac_Katari" title="Túpac Katari">Túpac Katari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Pensacola" title="Siege of Pensacola">Pensacola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_expedition" title="Newfoundland expedition">Newfoundland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Juan_(1797)" title="Battle of San Juan (1797)">San Juan (1797)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lost</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Noche_Triste" title="La Noche Triste">La Noche Triste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iguape_War" title="Iguape War">Iguape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tucapel" title="Battle of Tucapel">Tucapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raleigh%27s_El_Dorado_Expedition" class="mw-redirect" title="Raleigh's El Dorado Expedition">Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Curalaba" title="Battle of Curalaba">Curalaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_the_Comuneros_(New_Granada)" title="Revolt of the Comuneros (New Granada)">Comuneros (New Granada)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Trinidad_(1797)" title="Invasion of Trinidad (1797)">Trinidad (1797)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chacabuco" title="Battle of Chacabuco">Chacabuco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Boyac%C3%A1" title="Battle of Boyacá">Boyacá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Carabobo" title="Battle of Carabobo">Carabobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pichincha" title="Battle of Pichincha">Pichincha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ayacucho" title="Battle of Ayacucho">Ayacucho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Guam" title="Capture of Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Santiago_de_Cuba" title="Battle of Santiago de Cuba">Santiago de Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_Campaign#Battle_of_Asomante" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rican Campaign">Asomante</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="Spanish_conquests" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Spanish conquests</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_the_Canary_Islands" title="Conquest of the Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Spanish colonization of the Americas">The Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Aztec_Empire" title="Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Maya" title="Spanish conquest of the Maya">Maya</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Chiapas" title="Spanish conquest of Chiapas">Chiapas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Yucat%C3%A1n" title="Spanish conquest of Yucatán">Yucatán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Guatemala" title="Spanish conquest of Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Pet%C3%A9n" title="Spanish conquest of Petén">Petén</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_El_Salvador" title="Spanish conquest of El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Honduras" title="Spanish conquest of Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Nicaragua" title="Spanish conquest of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Chibchan_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish conquest of the Chibchan Nations">Chibchan Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Muisca" title="Spanish conquest of the Muisca">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Chile" title="Conquest of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Inca_Empire" title="Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1521%E2%80%931898)#Spanish_expeditions_and_colonization" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Philippines (1521–1898)">Philippines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="Other_civil_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other civil topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_the_Americas" title="Spanish missions in the Americas">Spanish missions in the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Colonial_architecture" title="Spanish Colonial architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_Codices" title="Mesoamerican Codices">Mesoamerican Codices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cusco_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Cusco School">Cusco painting tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indochristian_art" title="Indochristian art">Indochristian painting in New Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quito_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Quito School">Quito painting tradition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapada_lime%C3%B1a" title="Tapada limeña">Tapada limeña</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Academia_Ant%C3%A1rtica" title="Academia Antártica">Academia Antártica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_universities_in_Hispanic_America" title="List of colonial universities in Hispanic America">Colonial universities in Hispanic America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_oldest_schools_in_the_Philippines" title="List of the oldest schools in the Philippines">Colonial universities in the Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Archive_of_the_Indies" title="General Archive of the Indies">General Archive of the Indies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Spanish_Horse" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonial Spanish Horse">Colonial Spanish Horse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mustang" title="Mustang">Mustang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casta" title="Casta">Castas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criollo_people#Spanish_colonial_caste_system" title="Criollo people">Criollos in the colonial society</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Inquisition" title="Spanish Inquisition">Old inquisition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_Spanish_New_World_colonies" class="mw-redirect" title="Slavery in the Spanish New World colonies">Slavery in Spanish Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asiento" class="mw-redirect" title="Asiento">Asiento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans#Colonial_era" title="African Americans">Law of coartación (which allowed slaves to buy their freedom, and that of others)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Potos%C3%AD_Mint_Fraud_of_1649" title="Great Potosí Mint Fraud of 1649">Great Potosí Mint Fraud of 1649</a></li></ul> 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