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<div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Definition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Definition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Horse-drawn_carriages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Horse-drawn_carriages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Horse-drawn carriages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Horse-drawn_carriages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Variations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Variations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Variations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Variations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Berlinetta" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Berlinetta"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Berlinetta</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Berlinetta-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Club_coupe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Club_coupe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Club coupe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Club_coupe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hardtop_coupé" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hardtop_coupé"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Hardtop coupé</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hardtop_coupé-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Combi_coupé" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Combi_coupé"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Combi coupé</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Combi_coupé-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Business_coupe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Business_coupe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Business coupe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Business_coupe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Four-door_coupe_/_quad_coupe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Four-door_coupe_/_quad_coupe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Four-door coupe / quad coupe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Four-door_coupe_/_quad_coupe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Three-door_coupe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Three-door_coupe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Three-door coupe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Three-door_coupe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opera_coupe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opera_coupe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.8</span> <span>Opera coupe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opera_coupe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Three-window_coupe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Three-window_coupe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.9</span> <span>Three-window coupe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Three-window_coupe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coupe_SUV" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coupe_SUV"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.10</span> <span>Coupe SUV</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coupe_SUV-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Positioning_in_model_range" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Positioning_in_model_range"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Positioning in model range</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Positioning_in_model_range-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Coupe</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 42 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%87" title="كوبيه – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كوبيه" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cup%C3%A9" title="Cupé – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cupé" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kupe" title="Kupe – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kupe" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%8D_(%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%9E)" title="Купэ (кузаў) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Купэ (кузаў)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5" title="Купе – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Купе" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cup%C3%A8" title="Cupè – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cupè" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kup%C3%A9" title="Kupé – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kupé" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup%C3%A9" title="Coupé – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Coupé" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup%C3%A9" title="Coupé – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Coupé" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kupee_(keret%C3%BC%C3%BCp)" title="Kupee (keretüüp) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kupee (keretüüp)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cup%C3%A9" title="Cupé – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cupé" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kupeo" title="Kupeo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kupeo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup%C3%A9" title="Coupé – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Coupé" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%BE%D9%87" title="کوپه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کوپه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup%C3%A9_(type_de_carrosserie)" title="Coupé (type de carrosserie) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Coupé (type de carrosserie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cup%C3%A9" title="Cupé – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cupé" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BF%A0%ED%8E%98" title="쿠페 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="쿠페" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BA%D5%A5" title="Կուպե – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կուպե" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kupe" title="Kupe – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kupe" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koup" title="Koup – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Koup" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup%C3%A9" title="Coupé – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Coupé" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%94" title="מכונית קופה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מכונית קופה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5" title="Купе – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Купе" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kupeja_(virsb%C5%ABve)" title="Kupeja (virsbūve) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kupeja (virsbūve)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kup%C4%97" title="Kupė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kupė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kup%C3%A9_(g%C3%A9pkocsi)" title="Kupé (gépkocsi) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kupé (gépkocsi)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coupe" title="Coupe – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Coupe" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup%C3%A9_(auto)" title="Coupé (auto) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Coupé (auto)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9A" title="クーペ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クーペ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kup%C3%A9" title="Kupé – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kupé" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup%C3%A9" title="Coupé – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Coupé" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup%C3%A9" title="Coupé – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Coupé" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coupe" title="Coupe – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Coupe" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5_(%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2)" title="Купе (кузов) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Купе (кузов)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup%C3%A9" title="Coupé – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Coupé" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kup%C3%A9_(automobil)" title="Kupé (automobil) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kupé (automobil)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kupe" title="Kupe – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kupe" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup%C3%A9" title="Coupé – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Coupé" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coup%C3%A9" title="Coupé – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Coupé" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coupe" title="Coupe – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Coupe" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5_(%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2)" title="Купе (кузов) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Купе (кузов)" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coup%C3%A9&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Coupé">Coupé</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Car body style</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the car body style. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Coupe_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Coupe (disambiguation)">Coupe (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2018_Infiniti_Q60_Leonberg_IMG_0156.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/2018_Infiniti_Q60_Leonberg_IMG_0156.jpg/220px-2018_Infiniti_Q60_Leonberg_IMG_0156.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/2018_Infiniti_Q60_Leonberg_IMG_0156.jpg/330px-2018_Infiniti_Q60_Leonberg_IMG_0156.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/2018_Infiniti_Q60_Leonberg_IMG_0156.jpg/440px-2018_Infiniti_Q60_Leonberg_IMG_0156.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4081" data-file-height="2211" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Infiniti_Q60" title="Infiniti Q60">Infiniti Q60</a> coupé</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/coupe" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/coupe">coupe</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <p>A <b>coupe</b> or <b>coupé</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">also <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span></span>/</a></span></span>) is a passenger car with a sloping or truncated rear roofline and typically with two doors. </p><p>The term <i>coupé</i> was first applied to horse-drawn carriages for two passengers without rear-facing seats.<sup id="cite_ref-Coachbuilt_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coachbuilt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Adolphus_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adolphus-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It comes from the French past participle of <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">couper</i></span>, "cut".<sup id="cite_ref-Coachbuilt_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coachbuilt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some coupé cars only have two seats, while some also feature rear seats. However, these rear seats are usually lower quality and much smaller than those in the front. Furthermore, "A fixed-top two-door sports car would be best and most appropriately be termed a 'sports coupe' or 'sports coupé'".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_pronunciation">Etymology and pronunciation <span class="anchor" id="Name"></span><span class="anchor" id="Etymology"></span><span class="anchor" id="Pronuncation"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coupe&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology and pronunciation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Coupé</i></span> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[kupe]</a></span>) is based on the <a href="/wiki/Past_participle" class="mw-redirect" title="Past participle">past participle</a> of the French verb <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">couper</i></span> ("to cut") and thus indicates a car which has been "cut" or made shorter than standard.<sup id="cite_ref-Coachbuilt_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coachbuilt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was first applied to <a href="/wiki/Horse" title="Horse">horse</a>-drawn <a href="/wiki/Carriage" title="Carriage">carriages</a> for two passengers without rear-facing seats.<sup id="cite_ref-Adolphus_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adolphus-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">berlines coupées</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-HaajCoupe_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HaajCoupe-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">carrosses coupés</i></span> ("clipped carriages") were eventually <a href="/wiki/Clipping_(phonetics)" title="Clipping (phonetics)">clipped</a> to <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">coupés</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-oed_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oed-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are two common pronunciations in English: </p> <ul><li><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span></span>/</a></span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">koo-<span style="font-size:90%">PAY</span></i></a>) – the <a href="/wiki/Anglicisation" title="Anglicisation">anglicized</a> version of the French pronunciation of <i>coupé</i>.</li> <li><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span></span>/</a></span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">KOOP</span></i></a>) – as a <a href="/wiki/Spelling_pronunciation" title="Spelling pronunciation">spelling pronunciation</a> when the word is written without an accent.<sup id="cite_ref-oed_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oed-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is the usual pronunciation and spelling in the United States,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the pronunciation entering American vernacular no later than 1936<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and featuring in the Beach Boys' hit 1963 song "<a href="/wiki/Little_Deuce_Coupe_(song)" title="Little Deuce Coupe (song)">Little Deuce Coupe</a>".</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coupe&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1955_Cadillac_Coupe_Deville.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/1955_Cadillac_Coupe_Deville.jpg/220px-1955_Cadillac_Coupe_Deville.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/1955_Cadillac_Coupe_Deville.jpg/330px-1955_Cadillac_Coupe_Deville.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/1955_Cadillac_Coupe_Deville.jpg/440px-1955_Cadillac_Coupe_Deville.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="731" /></a><figcaption>1955 <a href="/wiki/Cadillac_de_Ville_series" title="Cadillac de Ville series">Cadillac Coupe de Ville</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>A coupé is a fixed-roof car with a sloping rear roofline and one or two rows of seats. However, there is some debate surrounding whether a coupe must have two doors for passenger egress<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or whether cars with four doors can also be considered coupés.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This debate has arisen since the early 2000s, when four-door cars such as the <a href="/wiki/Mazda_RX-8" title="Mazda RX-8">Mazda RX-8</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_CLS-Class" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercedes-Benz CLS-Class">Mercedes-Benz CLS-Class</a> have been marketed as "four-door coupés" or "quad coupés", although the <a href="/wiki/Rover_P5" title="Rover P5">Rover P5</a> was a much earlier example, with a variant introduced in 1962 having a lower, sleeker roofline marketed as the Rover P5 Coupé. </p><p>In the 1940s and 1950s, coupés were distinguished from <a href="/wiki/Sedan_(automobile)" title="Sedan (automobile)">sedans</a> by their shorter roof area and sportier profile.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, in more recent times, when a model is sold in both coupé and sedan body styles, generally the coupe is sportier and more compact.<sup id="cite_ref-Adolphus_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adolphus-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Autotropolis_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Autotropolis-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There have been a number of two-door sedans built as well, a bodystyle the French call a <i>coach</i>. </p><p>The 1977 version of <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">International Standard</a> ISO<span class="nowrap"> </span>3833—<i>Road vehicles - Types - Terms and definitions</i>—defines a coupe as having two doors (along with a fixed roof, usually with limited rear volume, at least two seats in at least one row and at least two side windows).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the other hand, the United States <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Automotive_Engineers" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Automotive Engineers">Society of Automotive Engineers</a> publication J1100<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="Which version is this stated in? It doesn't appear in the 1984 or 2001 version. (April 2019)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> does not specify the number of doors, instead defining a coupé as having a rear interior volume of less than 33 cu ft (934 L).<sup id="cite_ref-Adolphus_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adolphus-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Autotropolis_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Autotropolis-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The definition of coupé started to blur when manufacturers began to produce cars with a <a href="/wiki/2%2B2_(car_body_style)" title="2+2 (car body style)">2+2 body style</a> (which have a sleek, sloping roofline, two doors, and two functional seats up front, plus two small seats in the back).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some manufacturers also blur the definition of a coupé by applying this description to models featuring a <a href="/wiki/Hatchback" title="Hatchback">hatchback</a> or a rear cargo area access door that opens upwards.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most often also featuring a fold-down back seat, the hatchback or liftback layout of these cars improves their practicality and cargo room.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Horse-drawn_carriages">Horse-drawn carriages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coupe&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Horse-drawn carriages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Opo%C4%8Dno_castle_in_2009_55.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Opo%C4%8Dno_castle_in_2009_55.JPG/220px-Opo%C4%8Dno_castle_in_2009_55.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Opo%C4%8Dno_castle_in_2009_55.JPG/330px-Opo%C4%8Dno_castle_in_2009_55.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Opo%C4%8Dno_castle_in_2009_55.JPG/440px-Opo%C4%8Dno_castle_in_2009_55.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2136" /></a><figcaption>Example of a <a href="/wiki/Coup%C3%A9_(carriage)" title="Coupé (carriage)">coupe carriage</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Coup%C3%A9_(carriage)" title="Coupé (carriage)">coupe carriage</a> body style originated from the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_(carriage)" title="Berlin (carriage)">berline horse-drawn carriage</a>. The coupe version of the berline was introduced in the 18th century as a shortened ("cut") version with no rear-facing seat.<sup id="cite_ref-HaajCoupe_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HaajCoupe-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Normally, a coupé had a fixed glass window in the front of the passenger compartment.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaajanen200350_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaajanen200350-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The coupé was considered an ideal vehicle for women to use to go shopping or to make social visits.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coupe&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The early coupé automobile's passenger compartment followed in general conception the design of horse-drawn coupés,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaajanen201752–53,_57_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaajanen201752–53,_57-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the driver in the open at the front and an enclosure behind him for two passengers on one <a href="/wiki/Bench_seat" title="Bench seat">bench seat</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaajanen200351_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaajanen200351-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The French variant for this word thus denoted a car with a small passenger compartment.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaajanen201752–53,_57_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaajanen201752–53,_57-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the 1910s, the term had evolved to denote a two-door car with the driver and up to two passengers in an enclosure with a single bench seat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClough191389_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClough191389-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYT1916_08SAEbodies_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT1916_08SAEbodies-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Coup%C3%A9_de_ville" title="Coupé de ville">coupé de ville</a>, or coupé chauffeur, was an exception, retaining the open driver's section at front.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaajanen200351,_55–56_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaajanen200351,_55–56-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1916, the <a href="/wiki/SAE_International" title="SAE International">Society of Automobile Engineers</a> suggested nomenclature for car bodies that included the following:<sup id="cite_ref-NYT1916_08SAEbodies_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT1916_08SAEbodies-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Coupe: An enclosed car operated from the inside with seats for two or three and sometimes a backward-facing fourth seat. </p><p>Coupelet: A small car seating two or three with a folding top and full height doors with fully retractable windows. </p><p> Convertible coupe: A <a href="/wiki/Roadster_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roadster (automobile)">roadster</a> with a removable coupe roof.</p></blockquote> <p>During the 20th century, the term coupé was applied to various close-coupled cars (where the rear seat is located further forward than usual and the front seat further back than usual).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClough191333_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClough191333-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the 1960s the term <i>coupé</i> has generally referred to a two-door car with a fixed roof.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2005, several models with four doors have been marketed as "four-door coupés", however, reactions are mixed about whether these models are actually sedans instead of coupés.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Edmunds_(company)" title="Edmunds (company)">Edmunds</a>, an American automotive guide, "the four-door coupe category doesn't really exist."<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variations">Variations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coupe&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Variations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Berlinetta">Berlinetta</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coupe&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Berlinetta"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Berlinetta" title="Berlinetta">Berlinetta</a></div> <p>A <i>berlinetta</i> is a lightweight sporty two-door car, typically with two seats but also including <a href="/wiki/2%2B2_(car_body_style)" title="2+2 (car body style)">2+2</a> cars.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Club_coupe">Club coupe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coupe&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Club coupe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A club coupe is a two-door car with a larger rear-seat passenger area,<sup id="cite_ref-Adolphus_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adolphus-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> compared with the smaller rear-seat area in a 2+2 body style. Thus, club coupes resemble coupes as both have two doors, but feature a full-width rear seat that is accessible by tilting forward the backs of the front seats.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hardtop_coupé"><span id="Hardtop_coup.C3.A9"></span>Hardtop coupé</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coupe&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Hardtop coupé"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Hardtop" title="Hardtop">hardtop</a> coupe is a two-door car that lacks a structural pillar ("B" pillar) between the front and rear side windows. When these windows are lowered, the effect is like that of a convertible coupé with the windows down.<sup id="cite_ref-HistoryHardtops_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HistoryHardtops-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The hardtop body style was popular in the United States from the early 1950s until the 2000s. It was also available in European and Japanese markets.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Safety regulations for roof structures to protect passengers in a rollover were proposed, limiting the development of new models.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The hardtop body style went out of style with consumers while the automakers focused on cost reduction and increasing efficiencies.<sup id="cite_ref-HistoryHardtops_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HistoryHardtops-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Combi_coupé"><span id="Combi_coup.C3.A9"></span>Combi coupé</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coupe&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Combi coupé"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Combi_coup%C3%A9" title="Combi coupé">Combi coupé</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Saab_Automobile" title="Saab Automobile">Saab</a> used the term "combi coupé" for a car body similar to the <a href="/wiki/Liftback" title="Liftback">liftback</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Packard_120_Eight_Business_Coupe_1936.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Packard_120_Eight_Business_Coupe_1936.jpg/220px-Packard_120_Eight_Business_Coupe_1936.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Packard_120_Eight_Business_Coupe_1936.jpg/330px-Packard_120_Eight_Business_Coupe_1936.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Packard_120_Eight_Business_Coupe_1936.jpg/440px-Packard_120_Eight_Business_Coupe_1936.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="371" /></a><figcaption>A 1936 <a href="/wiki/Packard_One-Twenty" title="Packard One-Twenty">Packard One-Twenty</a> business coupe</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Business_coupe">Business coupe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coupe&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Business coupe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A two-door car with no rear seat or with a removable rear seat intended for traveling salespeople and other vendors carrying their wares with them. American manufacturers developed this style of coupe in the late 1930s.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Four-door_coupe_/_quad_coupe"><span id="Four-door_coupe_.2F_quad_coupe"></span>Four-door coupe / quad coupe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coupe&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Four-door coupe / quad coupe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LaFayette_Four_Door_Coupe_1921.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/LaFayette_Four_Door_Coupe_1921.jpg/220px-LaFayette_Four_Door_Coupe_1921.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/LaFayette_Four_Door_Coupe_1921.jpg/330px-LaFayette_Four_Door_Coupe_1921.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/LaFayette_Four_Door_Coupe_1921.jpg/440px-LaFayette_Four_Door_Coupe_1921.jpg 2x" data-file-width="502" data-file-height="214" /></a><figcaption>1921 LaFayette Four-Door Coupe</figcaption></figure> <p>The 1921 and 1922 <a href="/wiki/LaFayette_Motors" title="LaFayette Motors">LaFayette</a> models were available in a variety of open and closed body styles that included a close-coupled version featuring two center-opening doors on each side that was marketed as a Four-Door Coupe.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1927 <a href="/wiki/Nash_Motors" title="Nash Motors">Nash</a> Advanced Six was available in four-door coupe body style.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>More recently, the description has been applied by marketers to describe four-door cars with a coupe-like roofline at the rear. The low-roof design reduces back-seat passenger access and headroom.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The designation was used for the low-roof model of the 1962–1973 <a href="/wiki/Rover_P5" title="Rover P5">Rover P5</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> followed by the 1992–1996 <a href="/wiki/Nissan_Leopard" title="Nissan Leopard">Nissan Leopard / Infiniti J30</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recent examples include the 2005 <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_CLS-Class_(W219)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercedes-Benz CLS-Class (W219)">Mercedes-Benz CLS</a>, 2010 <a href="/wiki/Audi_A7" title="Audi A7">Audi A7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_CC" title="Volkswagen CC">Volkswagen CC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Arteon" title="Volkswagen Arteon">Volkswagen Arteon</a>, and 2012 <a href="/wiki/BMW_6_Series_(F06/F12/F13)" class="mw-redirect" title="BMW 6 Series (F06/F12/F13)">BMW 6 Series Gran Coupe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Similarly, several cars with one or two small rear doors for rear seat passenger egress and no B-pillar have been marketed as "<a href="/wiki/Quad_coupe" class="mw-redirect" title="Quad coupe">quad coupes</a>". For example, the 2003 <a href="/wiki/Saturn_Ion" title="Saturn Ion">Saturn Ion</a>, the 2003 <a href="/wiki/Mazda_RX-8" title="Mazda RX-8">Mazda RX-8</a>, and the 2011-2022 <a href="/wiki/Hyundai_Veloster" title="Hyundai Veloster">Hyundai Veloster</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:VW_Scirocco_I_orange_hr_TCE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/VW_Scirocco_I_orange_hr_TCE.jpg/220px-VW_Scirocco_I_orange_hr_TCE.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/VW_Scirocco_I_orange_hr_TCE.jpg/330px-VW_Scirocco_I_orange_hr_TCE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/VW_Scirocco_I_orange_hr_TCE.jpg/440px-VW_Scirocco_I_orange_hr_TCE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1361" /></a><figcaption>1976 <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Scirocco" title="Volkswagen Scirocco">Volkswagen Scirocco</a>, a 3-door hatchback with coupe-inspired styling</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Three-door_coupe">Three-door coupe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coupe&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Three-door coupe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Particularly popular in Europe, many cars are designed with coupe styling, but a three-door hatchback/liftback layout to improve practicality, including cars such as the <a href="/wiki/Jaguar_E-Type" title="Jaguar E-Type">Jaguar E-Type</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_3000GT" title="Mitsubishi 3000GT">Mitsubishi 3000GT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nissan_S30" class="mw-redirect" title="Nissan S30">Datsun 240Z</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Supra" title="Toyota Supra">Toyota Supra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mazda_RX-7" title="Mazda RX-7">Mazda RX-7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfa_Romeo_Brera" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfa Romeo Brera">Alfa Romeo Brera</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ford_Cougar" title="Ford Cougar">Ford/Mercury Cougar</a><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Scirocco" title="Volkswagen Scirocco">Volkswagen Scirocco</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opera_coupe">Opera coupe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coupe&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Opera coupe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A two-door car designed for driving to the opera with easy access to the rear seats. Features sometimes included a folding front seat next to the driver<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or a compartment to store <a href="/wiki/Top_hat" title="Top hat">top hats</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Often they would have solid rear-quarter panels, with small, circular windows, to enable the occupants to see out without being seen. These <a href="/wiki/Opera_window" title="Opera window">opera windows</a> were revived on many U.S. automobiles during the 1970s and early 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="Quotation needed from source to verify. (October 2018)">need quotation to verify</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Three-window_coupe">Three-window coupe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coupe&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Three-window coupe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The three-window coupe (commonly just "three-window") is a style of automobile characterized by two side windows and a backlight (rear window).<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The front windscreens are not counted. The three-window coupe has a distinct difference from the five-window coupe, which has an additional window on each side behind the front doors.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These two-door cars typically have small-sized bodies with only a front seat and an occasional small rear seat.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The style was popular from the 1920s until the beginning of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. While many manufacturers produced three-window coupes, the 1932 Ford coupe is often considered the classic hot rod.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coupe_SUV">Coupe SUV</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coupe&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Coupe SUV"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Coupe_SUV" title="Coupe SUV">Coupe SUV</a></div> <p>Some <a href="/wiki/SUV" title="SUV">SUVs</a> or <a href="/wiki/Crossover_(automobile)" title="Crossover (automobile)">crossovers</a> with sloping rear rooflines are marketed as "coupe crossover SUVs" or "coupe SUVs", even though they have four side doors for passenger egress to the seats and rear hatches for cargo area access however only a car with 2 doors and no B style are considered a true coupe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Positioning_in_model_range">Positioning in model range</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coupe&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Positioning in model range"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Matador1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Matador1.JPG/220px-Matador1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Matador1.JPG/330px-Matador1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Matador1.JPG/440px-Matador1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="310" /></a><figcaption>1974–1978 <a href="/wiki/AMC_Matador" title="AMC Matador">AMC Matador</a> coupe</figcaption></figure> <p>In the United States, some coupes are "simply line-extenders two-door variants of family sedans", while others have significant differences from their four-door counterparts.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/AMC_Matador" title="AMC Matador">AMC Matador</a> coupe (1974–1978) has a shorter wheelbase with a distinct aerodynamic design and fastback styling, sharing almost nothing with the conventional <a href="/wiki/Car_body_configurations" title="Car body configurations">three-box</a> design and more "conservative" four-door versions.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Similarly, the <a href="/wiki/Chrysler_Sebring" title="Chrysler Sebring">Chrysler Sebring</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dodge_Stratus" title="Dodge Stratus">Dodge Stratus</a> coupes and sedans (late-1990 through 2000s), have little in common except their names.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The coupes were engineered by Mitsubishi and built in Illinois, while the sedans were developed by Chrysler and built in Michigan.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some coupes may share platforms with contemporary sedans. </p><p>Coupes may also exist as model lines in their own right, either closely related to other models, but named differently – such as the <a href="/wiki/Alfa_Romeo_GT" title="Alfa Romeo GT">Alfa Romeo GT</a> or <a href="/wiki/Infiniti_Q60" title="Infiniti Q60">Infiniti Q60</a> – or have little engineering in common with other vehicles from the manufacturer – such as the <a href="/wiki/Toyota_GT86" class="mw-redirect" title="Toyota GT86">Toyota GT86</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coupe&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 1218px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1932_Ford_Three_Window_Coupe_hot_rod_(5409924810).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1932 Ford Model 18 - a three-window coupe"><img alt="1932 Ford Model 18 - a three-window coupe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/1932_Ford_Three_Window_Coupe_hot_rod_%285409924810%29.jpg/160px-1932_Ford_Three_Window_Coupe_hot_rod_%285409924810%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/1932_Ford_Three_Window_Coupe_hot_rod_%285409924810%29.jpg/240px-1932_Ford_Three_Window_Coupe_hot_rod_%285409924810%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/1932_Ford_Three_Window_Coupe_hot_rod_%285409924810%29.jpg/320px-1932_Ford_Three_Window_Coupe_hot_rod_%285409924810%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1932 <a href="/wiki/1932_Ford" title="1932 Ford">Ford Model 18</a> - a three-window coupe</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Buick_37_46S_Opera_Coupe_1937.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1937 Buick 37 46S - an opera coupe"><img alt="1937 Buick 37 46S - an opera coupe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Buick_37_46S_Opera_Coupe_1937.jpg/160px-Buick_37_46S_Opera_Coupe_1937.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Buick_37_46S_Opera_Coupe_1937.jpg/240px-Buick_37_46S_Opera_Coupe_1937.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Buick_37_46S_Opera_Coupe_1937.jpg/320px-Buick_37_46S_Opera_Coupe_1937.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="454" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1937 Buick 37 46S - an opera coupe</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1946_Ford_V8_Club_Coupe_(15359652557).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A 1946 Ford V8 - a club coupe"><img alt="A 1946 Ford V8 - a club coupe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/1946_Ford_V8_Club_Coupe_%2815359652557%29.jpg/160px-1946_Ford_V8_Club_Coupe_%2815359652557%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/1946_Ford_V8_Club_Coupe_%2815359652557%29.jpg/240px-1946_Ford_V8_Club_Coupe_%2815359652557%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/1946_Ford_V8_Club_Coupe_%2815359652557%29.jpg/320px-1946_Ford_V8_Club_Coupe_%2815359652557%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5400" data-file-height="3160" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A 1946 Ford V8 - a club coupe</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1948_Bentley_coup%C3%A9_de_ville_-_fvl.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1948 Bentley Coupe de Ville"><img alt="1948 Bentley Coupe de Ville" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/1948_Bentley_coup%C3%A9_de_ville_-_fvl.jpg/160px-1948_Bentley_coup%C3%A9_de_ville_-_fvl.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/1948_Bentley_coup%C3%A9_de_ville_-_fvl.jpg/240px-1948_Bentley_coup%C3%A9_de_ville_-_fvl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/1948_Bentley_coup%C3%A9_de_ville_-_fvl.jpg/320px-1948_Bentley_coup%C3%A9_de_ville_-_fvl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="1050" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1948 <a href="/wiki/Bentley" title="Bentley">Bentley</a> Coupe de Ville</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ferrari-250-GT-Berlinetta-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1961 Ferrari 250 GT Berlinetta - a Berlinetta coupe"><img alt="1961 Ferrari 250 GT Berlinetta - a Berlinetta coupe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ferrari-250-GT-Berlinetta-1.jpg/160px-Ferrari-250-GT-Berlinetta-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ferrari-250-GT-Berlinetta-1.jpg/240px-Ferrari-250-GT-Berlinetta-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Ferrari-250-GT-Berlinetta-1.jpg/320px-Ferrari-250-GT-Berlinetta-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1726" data-file-height="943" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1961 <a href="/wiki/Ferrari_250#250_GT_Berlinetta_SWB" title="Ferrari 250">Ferrari 250 GT Berlinetta</a> - a Berlinetta coupe</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saab_900i_16v.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1978–1987 Saab 900 marketed as a combi coupe"><img alt="1978–1987 Saab 900 marketed as a combi coupe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Saab_900i_16v.jpg/160px-Saab_900i_16v.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Saab_900i_16v.jpg/240px-Saab_900i_16v.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Saab_900i_16v.jpg/320px-Saab_900i_16v.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1978–1987 <a href="/wiki/Saab_900" title="Saab 900">Saab 900</a> marketed as a combi coupe</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RX-8_2010Y-MODEL-SIDE.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="2010 Mazda RX-8 - marketed as a four-door coupe"><img alt="2010 Mazda RX-8 - marketed as a four-door coupe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/RX-8_2010Y-MODEL-SIDE.jpg/160px-RX-8_2010Y-MODEL-SIDE.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/RX-8_2010Y-MODEL-SIDE.jpg/240px-RX-8_2010Y-MODEL-SIDE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/RX-8_2010Y-MODEL-SIDE.jpg/320px-RX-8_2010Y-MODEL-SIDE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2886" data-file-height="1262" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">2010 <a href="/wiki/Mazda_RX-8" title="Mazda RX-8">Mazda RX-8</a> - marketed as a four-door coupe</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2017_Ford_Mustang_(FM)_coupe_(2017-07-15)_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="2017 Ford Mustang"><img alt="2017 Ford Mustang" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/2017_Ford_Mustang_%28FM%29_coupe_%282017-07-15%29_01.jpg/160px-2017_Ford_Mustang_%28FM%29_coupe_%282017-07-15%29_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/2017_Ford_Mustang_%28FM%29_coupe_%282017-07-15%29_01.jpg/240px-2017_Ford_Mustang_%28FM%29_coupe_%282017-07-15%29_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/2017_Ford_Mustang_%28FM%29_coupe_%282017-07-15%29_01.jpg/320px-2017_Ford_Mustang_%28FM%29_coupe_%282017-07-15%29_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4510" data-file-height="2187" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">2017 <a href="/wiki/Ford_Mustang#Sixth_generation_(2015–2023)" title="Ford Mustang">Ford Mustang</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Toyota_Supra_GR_Genf_2019_1Y7A5650.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="2020 Toyota GR Supra - 3-door liftback/fastback coupe"><img alt="2020 Toyota GR Supra - 3-door liftback/fastback coupe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Toyota_Supra_GR_Genf_2019_1Y7A5650.jpg/160px-Toyota_Supra_GR_Genf_2019_1Y7A5650.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Toyota_Supra_GR_Genf_2019_1Y7A5650.jpg/240px-Toyota_Supra_GR_Genf_2019_1Y7A5650.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Toyota_Supra_GR_Genf_2019_1Y7A5650.jpg/320px-Toyota_Supra_GR_Genf_2019_1Y7A5650.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4798" data-file-height="3206" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">2020 <a href="/wiki/Toyota_GR_Supra" title="Toyota GR Supra">Toyota GR Supra</a> - 3-door <a href="/wiki/Liftback" title="Liftback">liftback</a>/<a href="/wiki/Fastback" title="Fastback">fastback</a> coupe</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coupe&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Coupes" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Coupes">Coupes</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convertible" title="Convertible">Convertible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_tourer" title="Grand tourer">Grand tourer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup%C3%A9_de_ville" title="Coupé de ville">Coupé de Ville</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coupe&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Coachbuilt-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Coachbuilt_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coachbuilt_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Coachbuilt_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coachbuilt.com/ter/terminology.htm">"Coach Building Terminology"</a>. <i>coachbuilt.com</i>. 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=coachbuilt.com&rft.atitle=Coach+Building+Terminology&rft.date=2004&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coachbuilt.com%2Fter%2Fterminology.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Adolphus-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Adolphus_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adolphus_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adolphus_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adolphus_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adolphus_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdolphus2007" class="citation journal cs1">Adolphus, David Traver (March 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hemmings.com/magazine/hcc/2007/03/Club-Coupes/1423429.html">"Club Coupes - If you think you know what a Club Coupe is, think again"</a>. <i>Hemmings Classic Car</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hemmings+Classic+Car&rft.atitle=Club+Coupes+-+If+you+think+you+know+what+a+Club+Coupe+is%2C+think+again&rft.date=2007-03&rft.aulast=Adolphus&rft.aufirst=David+Traver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hemmings.com%2Fmagazine%2Fhcc%2F2007%2F03%2FClub-Coupes%2F1423429.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaajanen2017" class="citation book cs1">Haajanen, Lennart W. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6GQoDwAAQBAJ&dq=Definition+of+coupe++car&pg=PA144"><i>Illustrated Dictionary of Automobile Body Styles</i></a> (Second ed.). McFarland. p. 144. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780786499182" title="Special:BookSources/9780786499182"><bdi>9780786499182</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2024</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Illustrated+Dictionary+of+Automobile+Body+Styles&rft.pages=144&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9780786499182&rft.aulast=Haajanen&rft.aufirst=Lennart+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6GQoDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3DDefinition%2Bof%2Bcoupe%2B%2Bcar%26pg%3DPA144&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HaajCoupe-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HaajCoupe_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HaajCoupe_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaajanen2003" class="citation book cs1">Haajanen, Lennart W. (2003). <i>Illustrated Dictionary of Automobile Body Styles</i>. Illustrations by Bertil Nydén. McFarland. pp. 16, 18, 20, 50. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7864-1276-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7864-1276-3"><bdi>0-7864-1276-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2002014546">2002014546</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Illustrated+Dictionary+of+Automobile+Body+Styles&rft.pages=16%2C+18%2C+20%2C+50&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2002014546&rft.isbn=0-7864-1276-3&rft.aulast=Haajanen&rft.aufirst=Lennart+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oed-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oed_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oed_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oed.com/view/Entry/43120">"coupé, n.3"</a>, <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i>, Oxford University Press, 1893</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=coup%C3%A9%2C+n.3&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1893&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F43120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoupe" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">"coupé", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/coupe"><i>Merriam-Webster Dictionary</i></a>, Merriam-Webster<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2020</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=coup%C3%A9&rft.btitle=Merriam-Webster+Dictionary&rft.pub=Merriam-Webster&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fcoupe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoupe" class="Z3988"></span> and pronounced as one syllable.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.roadandtrack.com/car-culture/videos/a31871/porsche-actually-made-a-video-on-how-to-pronounce-its-name/">"Porsche Actually Made a Video on How to Pronounce Its Name"</a>. <i>roadandtrack.com</i>. 9 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2020</span>. <q>Coupé (some designers still insist on the 'koo-pay' pronunciation) is the French verb meaning 'to cut,' and it was first applied to 19th Century carriages, where the rear-facing seats had been eliminated, or cut out.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hemmings+Classic+Car&rft.atitle=Club+Coupes+-+If+you+think+you+know+what+a+Club+Coupe+is%2C+think+again&rft.date=2007-03&rft.aulast=Adolphus&rft.aufirst=David+Traver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hemmings.com%2Fmagazine%2Fhcc%2F2007%2F03%2FClub-Coupes%2F1423429.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaajanen2017">Haajanen (2017</a>, p. 52). "When the Berline body was shortened the Berline Coupe, or just Coupe, resulted."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kreml.ru/?cmd=00200600000000000110000000000000000&cmdex=4090006C7309900000000">"Royal carriages"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Kremlin_Museums" title="Moscow Kremlin Museums">Moscow Kremlin Museums</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Moscow+Kremlin+Museums&rft.atitle=Royal+carriages&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kreml.ru%2F%3Fcmd%3D00200600000000000110000000000000000%26cmdex%3D4090006C7309900000000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaajanen200350-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaajanen200350_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaajanen2003">Haajanen 2003</a>, p. 50.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStratton1878" class="citation book cs1">Stratton, Ezra (1878). "Chapter VIII. French carriages, including historical associations". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldonwheels00stra"><i>World on Wheels</i></a>. New York: Ezra Stratton. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldonwheels00stra/page/242">242</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-405-09006-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-405-09006-4"><bdi>0-405-09006-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL7004294M">7004294M</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2014</span>. <q>For the use of ladies making calls or engaged in shopping, no better carriage has yet been invented.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+VIII.+French+carriages%2C+including+historical+associations&rft.btitle=World+on+Wheels&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=242&rft.pub=Ezra+Stratton&rft.date=1878&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL7004294M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=0-405-09006-4&rft.aulast=Stratton&rft.aufirst=Ezra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fworldonwheels00stra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaajanen201752–53,_57-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaajanen201752–53,_57_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaajanen201752–53,_57_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaajanen2017">Haajanen 2017</a>, pp. 52–53, 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaajanen200351-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaajanen200351_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaajanen2003">Haajanen 2003</a>, p. 51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClough1913" class="citation book cs1">Clough, Albert L. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2015</span>. <q>Here it is, with other body types and distinctions, officially determined recently by the Nomenclature Division of the Society of Automobile Engineers</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=What%27s+What+in+Automobile+Bodies+Officially+Determined&rft.date=1916-08-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1916%2F08%2F20%2Farchives%2Fwhats-what-in-automobile-bodies-officially-determined.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACoupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHaajanen200351,_55–56-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHaajanen200351,_55–56_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHaajanen2003">Haajanen 2003</a>, pp. 51, 55–56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForbes1922" class="citation book cs1">Forbes, Kingston (1922). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_oqU7AAAAMAAJ"><i>The Principles of Automobile Body Design: covering the fundamentals of open and closed passenger body design</i></a>. 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.navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Automobile_configuration" title="Template:Automobile configuration"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Automobile_configuration" title="Template talk:Automobile configuration"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Automobile_configuration" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Automobile configuration"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Car_design" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Car" title="Car">Car</a> design</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Car_classification" title="Car classification">Classification</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By size</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microcar" title="Microcar">Micro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kei_car" title="Kei car">Kei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subcompact_car" title="Subcompact car">Subcompact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-segment" title="B-segment">Supermini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_car" title="Family car">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_car" title="Compact car">Compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-size_car" title="Mid-size car">Mid-size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full-size_car" title="Full-size car">Full-size</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Custom_car" title="Custom car">Custom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hot_rod" title="Hot rod">Hot rod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_sled" title="Lead sled">Lead sled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowrider" title="Lowrider">Lowrider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_rod#1960s_rise_of_the_street_rod" title="Hot rod">Street rod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-bucket" title="T-bucket">T-bucket</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Luxury_car" title="Luxury car">Luxury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compact_executive_car" title="Compact executive car">Compact executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_car" title="Executive car">Executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_luxury_car" title="Personal luxury car">Personal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minivan" title="Minivan">Minivan / MPV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compact_MPV" title="Compact MPV">Compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leisure_activity_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Leisure activity vehicle">Leisure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini_MPV" title="Mini MPV">Mini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/SUV" title="SUV">SUV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compact_sport_utility_vehicle" title="Compact sport utility vehicle">Compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossover_(automobile)" title="Crossover (automobile)">Crossover (CUV)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini_SUV" class="mw-redirect" title="Mini SUV">Mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coupe_SUV" title="Coupe SUV">Coupe SUV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sports_car" title="Sports car">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_tourer" title="Grand tourer">Grand tourer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_hatch" title="Hot hatch">Hot hatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscle_car" title="Muscle car">Muscle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pony_car" title="Pony car">Pony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_compact" title="Sport compact">Sport compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_sedan" title="Sports sedan">Sports sedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supercar" title="Supercar">Super</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-kart" title="Go-kart">Go-kart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antique_car" title="Antique car">Antique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_car" title="Classic car">Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_car" title="Economy car">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ute_(vehicle)" title="Ute (vehicle)">Ute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van" title="Van">Van</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vintage_car" title="Vintage car">Vintage car</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Euro_Car_Segment" title="Euro Car Segment">EU</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-segment" title="A-segment">A-segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-segment" title="B-segment">B-segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-segment" title="C-segment">C-segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-segment" title="D-segment">D-segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-segment" title="E-segment">E-segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F-segment" title="F-segment">F-segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J-segment" class="mw-redirect" title="J-segment">J-segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-segment" class="mw-redirect" title="M-segment">M-segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-segment" title="S-segment">S-segment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Car_body_style" title="Car body style">Body styles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2%2B2_(car_body_style)" title="2+2 (car body style)">2+2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baquet_(car_body_style)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baquet (car body style)">Baquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barchetta" title="Barchetta">Barchetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlinetta" title="Berlinetta">Berlinetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brougham_(car_body)" title="Brougham (car body)">Brougham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabrio_coach" title="Cabrio coach">Cabrio coach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cab_over" title="Cab over">Cab over</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convertible" title="Convertible">Cabriolet / Convertible / Drophead coupe</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Coupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coupe_de_Ville" class="mw-redirect" title="Coupe de Ville">Coupé de Ville / Sedanca de Ville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup%C3%A9_utility" title="Coupé utility">Coupé utility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fastback" title="Fastback">Fastback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardtop" title="Hardtop">Hardtop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatchback" title="Hatchback">Hatchback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kammback" title="Kammback">Kammback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landaulet_(car)" title="Landaulet (car)">Landaulet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liftback" title="Liftback">Liftback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limousine" title="Limousine">Limousine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microvan" title="Microvan">Microvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minibus" title="Minibus">Minibus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-stop_truck" title="Multi-stop truck">Multi-stop truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notchback" title="Notchback">Notchback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panel_van" title="Panel van">Panel van</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phaeton_body" title="Phaeton body">Phaeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickup_truck" title="Pickup truck">Pickup truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quad_coup%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Quad coupé">Quad coupé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convertible" title="Convertible">Retractable hardtop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roadster_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roadster (automobile)">Roadster / Spider / Spyder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runabout_(car)" title="Runabout (car)">Runabout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedan_(automobile)" title="Sedan (automobile)">Saloon / Sedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panel_van" title="Panel van">Sedan delivery/Panel van</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_brake" title="Shooting brake">Shooting brake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Station_wagon" title="Station wagon">Station wagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targa_top" title="Targa top">Targa top</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torpedo_(car)" title="Torpedo (car)">Torpedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touring_car" title="Touring car">Touring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coupe_de_Ville" class="mw-redirect" title="Coupe de Ville">Town (Coupé de Ville)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-top" title="T-top">T-top</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vis-%C3%A0-vis_(carriage)" title="Vis-à-vis (carriage)">Vis-à-vis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialized <br />vehicles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-terrain_vehicle" title="All-terrain vehicle">All-terrain vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphibious_vehicle" title="Amphibious vehicle">Amphibious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connected_car" title="Connected car">Connected</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-driving_car" title="Self-driving car">Driverless (autonomous)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-kart" title="Go-kart">Go-kart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyrocar" title="Gyrocar">Gyrocar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadracycle" title="Quadracycle">Pedal car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_rapid_transit" title="Personal rapid transit">Personal rapid transit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_car" title="Police car">Police car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_car" title="Flying car">Flying car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxicab" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxicab">Taxicab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tow_truck" title="Tow truck">Tow truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiturette" title="Voiturette">Voiturette</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ground_propulsion" title="Ground propulsion">Propulsion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle" title="Alternative fuel vehicle">Alternative fuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autogas" title="Autogas">Autogas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodiesel" title="Biodiesel">Biodiesel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biofuel" title="Biofuel">Biofuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biogasoline" title="Biogasoline">Biogasoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biogas" title="Biogas">Biogas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas" title="Compressed natural gas">Compressed natural gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diesel_engine" title="Diesel engine">Diesel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_vehicle" title="Electric vehicle">Electric</a> (<a href="/wiki/Battery_electric_vehicle" title="Battery electric vehicle">battery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neighborhood_Electric_Vehicle" title="Neighborhood Electric Vehicle">NEV</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_ethanol_fuel_mixtures" title="Common ethanol fuel mixtures">Ethanol</a> (<a href="/wiki/E85" title="E85">E85</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel" title="Fossil fuel">Fossil fuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_cell" title="Fuel cell">Fuel cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_gas" title="Fuel gas">Fuel gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">Natural gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrol_engine" title="Petrol engine">Gasoline / petrol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gasoline_direct_injection" title="Gasoline direct injection">direct injection</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homogeneous_charge_compression_ignition" title="Homogeneous charge compression ignition">Homogeneous charge compression ignition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_electric_vehicle" title="Hybrid electric vehicle">Hybrid</a> (<a href="/wiki/Plug-in_hybrid" title="Plug-in hybrid">plug-in</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_vehicle" title="Hydrogen vehicle">Hydrogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine" title="Internal combustion engine">Internal combustion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_nitrogen_engine" title="Liquid nitrogen engine">Liquid nitrogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquified_petroleum_gas" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquified petroleum gas">Liquified petroleum gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steam_car" title="Steam car">Steam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Drive_wheel" title="Drive wheel">Drive wheels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Front-wheel_drive" title="Front-wheel drive">Front-wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powertrain_layout#Rear_wheel_drive_layouts" title="Powertrain layout">Rear-wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-wheel_drive" title="Two-wheel drive">Two-wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four-wheel_drive" title="Four-wheel drive">Four-wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-wheel_drive" title="Six-wheel drive">Six-wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight-wheel_drive" title="Eight-wheel drive">Eight-wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten-wheel_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Ten-wheel drive">Ten-wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve-wheel_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelve-wheel drive">Twelve-wheel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Powertrain_layout" title="Powertrain layout">Engine position</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Front-engine_design" title="Front-engine design">Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-engine_design" title="Mid-engine design">Mid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rear-engine_design" title="Rear-engine design">Rear</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Powertrain_layout" title="Powertrain layout">Layout</a> <br /><span class="nobold">(engine / drive)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Front-engine,_front-wheel-drive_layout" title="Front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout">Front-front</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Front-mid-engine,_front-wheel-drive_layout" title="Front-mid-engine, front-wheel-drive layout">Front mid-front</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Rear-engine,_front-wheel-drive_layout" title="Rear-engine, front-wheel-drive layout">Rear-front</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Front-engine,_rear-wheel-drive_layout" title="Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout">Front-rear</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Rear_mid-engine,_rear-wheel-drive_layout" title="Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout">Rear mid-rear</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Rear-engine,_rear-wheel-drive_layout" title="Rear-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout">Rear-rear</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Front-engine,_four-wheel-drive_layout" title="Front-engine, four-wheel-drive layout">Front-four-wheel</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Mid-engine,_four-wheel-drive_layout" title="Mid-engine, four-wheel-drive layout">Mid-four-wheel</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Rear-engine,_four-wheel-drive_layout" title="Rear-engine, four-wheel-drive layout">Rear-four-wheel</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Dual-motor,_four-wheel-drive_layout" title="Dual-motor, four-wheel-drive layout">Dual motor-four-wheel</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Engine_configuration" title="Engine configuration">Engine configuration</a><br /><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine" title="Internal combustion engine">internal combustion</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flat_engine" title="Flat engine">Boxer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_engine" title="Flat engine">Flat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four-stroke_engine" title="Four-stroke engine">Four-stroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H_engine" title="H engine">H-block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reciprocating_engine" title="Reciprocating engine">Reciprocating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-cylinder_engine" title="Single-cylinder engine">Single-cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_engine" title="Straight engine">Straight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-stroke_engine" title="Two-stroke engine">Two-stroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V_engine" title="V engine">V (Vee)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W_engine" title="W engine">W engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wankel_engine" title="Wankel engine">Wankel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cars" title="Portal:Cars">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cars" title="Category:Cars">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:EC_car_classification" title="Template:EC car classification">Template:EC car classification</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213853#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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