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"https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F27321527%2FModelling_and_Measurement_of_Bubble_Formation_and_Growth_in_Electroflotation_Processes%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":47577712,"identifier":"Attachment_47577712","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":27321527,"created_at":"2016-07-27T18:39:17.662-07:00","from_world_paper_id":155955505,"updated_at":"2024-11-13T13:53:12.669-08:00","_data":{"grobid_abstract":"Electroflotation is used in the water treatment industry for the recovery of suspended particles. In this study the bubble formation and release of hydrogen bubbles generated electrolytically from a platinum cathode was investigated. Previously, it was found that both the growth rate and detachment diameter increased with increasing wire diameter. Conversely, current density had little effect on the released bubble size. It was also found that the detached bubbles rapidly increased in volume as they rose through the liquid as a result of decreasing hydrostatic pressure and high levels of dissolved hydrogen gas in the surrounding liquid. The experimental system was computationally modelled using a Lagrangian-Eulerian Discrete Particle approach. It was revealed that desorption of gaseous solutes from the electrolyte solution, other than hydrogen, may have a significant impact on the diameter variation of the formed bubbles. The simulation confirmed that liquid circulation, either forced or induced by the rising bubble plume, influences both the hydrogen supersaturation (concentration) in the neighbourhood of the electrode and the size of the resulting bubbles.","publication_date":"2000,,","publication_name":"Chemical and Process Engineering","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"47577712"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Modelling and Measurement of Bubble Formation and Growth in Electroflotation Processes","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [132470]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":47577712,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Modelling and Measurement of Bubble Formation and Growth in Electroflotation Processes”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/47577712/mini_magick20190206-17019-ltrpao.png?1549473544" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Modelling and Measurement of Bubble Formation and Growth in Electroflotation Processes</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="132470" href="https://newcastle-au.academia.edu/GeoffreyEvans"><img alt="Profile image of Geoffrey Evans" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/132470/106438756/95648776/s65_geoffrey.evans.png" />Geoffrey Evans</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2000, Chemical and Process Engineering</p></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Electroflotation is used in the water treatment industry for the recovery of suspended particles. In this study the bubble formation and release of hydrogen bubbles generated electrolytically from a platinum cathode was investigated. Previously, it was found that both the growth rate and detachment diameter increased with increasing wire diameter. Conversely, current density had little effect on the released bubble size. It was also found that the detached bubbles rapidly increased in volume as they rose through the liquid as a result of decreasing hydrostatic pressure and high levels of dissolved hydrogen gas in the surrounding liquid. The experimental system was computationally modelled using a Lagrangian-Eulerian Discrete Particle approach. It was revealed that desorption of gaseous solutes from the electrolyte solution, other than hydrogen, may have a significant impact on the diameter variation of the formed bubbles. The simulation confirmed that liquid circulation, either forced or induced by the rising bubble plume, influences both the hydrogen supersaturation (concentration) in the neighbourhood of the electrode and the size of the resulting bubbles.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":47577712,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/27321527/Modelling_and_Measurement_of_Bubble_Formation_and_Growth_in_Electroflotation_Processes"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":47577712,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/27321527/Modelling_and_Measurement_of_Bubble_Formation_and_Growth_in_Electroflotation_Processes"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="47577712" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/27321527/Modelling_and_Measurement_of_Bubble_Formation_and_Growth_in_Electroflotation_Processes" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="27321545" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27321545/Bubble_size_measurement_in_electroflotation">Bubble size measurement in electroflotation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="132470" href="https://newcastle-au.academia.edu/GeoffreyEvans">Geoffrey Evans</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Minerals Engineering, 2010</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">A feature of electroflotation is the ability to create very fine bubbles, which are known to improve flotation performance of fine particles. This study was aimed at determining the hydrogen bubble size generated as a function of current density and electrode geometry. Experiments were performed in a viewing cell that allowed direct visualization of hydrogen bubbles being generated and transported away from platinum wire electrodes of 90, 120 and 190 lm in diameter. The detached bubble diameters varied between 15 and 23 lm in diameter, and for each wire diameter, were little influenced by the applied current in the range 150-350 A/m 2 . The measurements were consistent with those predicted from a simple force balance analysis based on a H 2 -Pt-0.2M Na 2 SO 4 contact angle of 0.18°. Interestingly, upon detachment, the bubble size increased rapidly, recording up to an 8-fold increase in volume in the first few millimeters of rise, before approaching the steady state diameter of between 30 and 50 lm in the bulk. This increase in bubble size was found to be mostly due to the transfer of dissolve hydrogen into growing bubble while moving through the electrolyte super saturated by dissolved hydrogen gas. The equilibrium bulk diameter was found to be a function of the rate of hydrogen production, bubble nucleation rate, and dissolved gas concentration field. Consequently, electroflotation cells need to be designed to optimise the contact between the supersaturated liquid and the rising bubble plume. By doing this, the volumetric flux of bubbles will be maximised leading to improved flotation performance.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Bubble size measurement in electroflotation","attachmentId":47577728,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/27321545/Bubble_size_measurement_in_electroflotation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/27321545/Bubble_size_measurement_in_electroflotation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="59765383" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/59765383/Experimental_study_of_hydrodynamic_and_bubble_size_distributions_in_electroflotation_process">Experimental study of hydrodynamic and bubble size distributions in electroflotation process</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="169341262" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BenMansourLassaad">Lassaad Ben Mansour</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The objective of this contribution is the experimental study of the hydrodynamic and the bubble size distributions in the electroflotation process. The influence of some operating conditions such as current density and physical properties of liquid phase on some hydrodynamic parameters and the bubble size distribution are discussed. The effects of the current density, viscosity and surface tension of the liquid phase on the gas hold up, the bubble rise velocity, the average bubble diameter and the bubble size distributions are experimentally investigated. Bubbles tend to become smaller with decreasing surface tension, current density and viscosity. Gas hold up tends to increase with increasing current density and decreasing viscosity. The bubble rise velocity exhibits the same behaviour as the gas hold up and so it increases with the increasing current density and decreases with increasing viscosity. Bubble size distribution depends only on the current density, and the wide range of...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Experimental study of hydrodynamic and bubble size distributions in electroflotation process","attachmentId":73519026,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/59765383/Experimental_study_of_hydrodynamic_and_bubble_size_distributions_in_electroflotation_process","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/59765383/Experimental_study_of_hydrodynamic_and_bubble_size_distributions_in_electroflotation_process"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="89459665" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/89459665/Bubble_size_distribution_in_a_laboratory_scale_electroflotation_study">Bubble size distribution in a laboratory-scale electroflotation study</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="189359146" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RaquibulAlam1">Raquibul Alam</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Environmental monitoring and assessment, 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The performance of electroflotation (EF) is strongly influenced by the size of O2 and H2 bubbles. Therefore, in this study, the bubble sizes are measured in a lab-scale EF cell using a high-speed camera. The mean bubble size is found to vary in the range of 32.7-68.6 μm under different operating conditions. This study shows that the electrode material, current density, water pH, ionic strength, and frother (Tennafroth 250) concentration are important factors in controlling the bubble size. Furthermore, four mathematical distributions (normal, log-normal, Weibull, and gamma distributions) are fitted to the experimental data, among which the log-normal distribution is found to be the best fit based on the lower Anderson-Darling (AD) value.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Bubble size distribution in a laboratory-scale electroflotation study","attachmentId":93262456,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/89459665/Bubble_size_distribution_in_a_laboratory_scale_electroflotation_study","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/89459665/Bubble_size_distribution_in_a_laboratory_scale_electroflotation_study"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="58339102" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/58339102/Pulsed_electrogeneration_of_bubbles_for_electroflotation">Pulsed electrogeneration of bubbles for electroflotation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="13068539" href="https://iitb.academia.edu/NirdoshKhosla">Nirdosh Khosla</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">1991</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Fine bubbles of the size required for many processes such as electroflotation can be generated by electrolysis. A large number of factors such as electrode material, electrode surface/morphological properties, pH and current density affect the gas bubble size distribution. This work is aimed at studies on the effect of interrupted current (pulsed) electrolysis on the generation of gas bubbles. A microcomputer-controlled current source designed to generate the required pulses is described along with typical results obtained with this system. It was observed that a decrease in duty cycle at a given pH and average current density causes an increase in fine sized bubbles and concomitant increase in bubble flux. A mechanism based on local potential gradients is proposed to explain this phenomenon.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Pulsed electrogeneration of bubbles for electroflotation","attachmentId":72799652,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/58339102/Pulsed_electrogeneration_of_bubbles_for_electroflotation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/58339102/Pulsed_electrogeneration_of_bubbles_for_electroflotation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="109522583" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/109522583/The_influence_of_some_parameters_on_bubble_average_diameter_in_an_electroflotation_cell_by_laser_diffraction_method">The influence of some parameters on bubble average diameter in an electroflotation cell by laser diffraction method</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="60202270" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AchillesDutra">Achilles J B Dutra</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 2016</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The distribution of micro-bubbles generated by the electroflotation process has great importance in the flotation process for fine and ultrafine particles. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of some parameters on the average bubble size, generated in an electroflotation cell, on 316 stainless steel cathodes with different geometries, surface finishing, and a Ti/RuO 2 mesh as an anode, by the laser diffraction method and image analysis. The average bubble size determination was conducted at different pH values, different cathode surfaces, and different types of collector. Results show that an increase in pH and current density led to a decrease of the bubble size, and that mesh electrodes and electrodes polished with coarser grit sandpaper give smaller gas bubbles. Conversely, when Flotigam EDA, sodium N-lauroyl sarcosinate or sodium oleate were added, larger bubbles were observed. Under the conditions of generation of small bubbles, higher recoveries of fine phosphate particles were observed.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The influence of some parameters on bubble average diameter in an electroflotation cell by laser diffraction method","attachmentId":107622588,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/109522583/The_influence_of_some_parameters_on_bubble_average_diameter_in_an_electroflotation_cell_by_laser_diffraction_method","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/109522583/The_influence_of_some_parameters_on_bubble_average_diameter_in_an_electroflotation_cell_by_laser_diffraction_method"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="27321452" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27321452/Utilization_of_hydrogen_in_electroflotation_of_silica">Utilization of hydrogen in electroflotation of silica</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="132470" href="https://newcastle-au.academia.edu/GeoffreyEvans">Geoffrey Evans</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Advanced Powder Technology, 2011</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In this study the hydrogen bubble electroflotation of 3-15 lm diameter silica particles was investigated.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Utilization of hydrogen in electroflotation of silica","attachmentId":47577683,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/27321452/Utilization_of_hydrogen_in_electroflotation_of_silica","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/27321452/Utilization_of_hydrogen_in_electroflotation_of_silica"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="115163163" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/115163163/Measurement_and_analysis_of_H2_and_O2_bubbles_diameter_produced_by_electroflotation_processes_in_a_modified_Partridge_Smith_cell">Measurement and analysis of H2 and O2 bubbles diameter produced by electroflotation processes in a modified Partridge-Smith cell</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="43395867" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HudsonCouto">Hudson Couto</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Powder Technology, 2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Measurement and analysis of H2 and O2 bubbles diameter produced by electroflotation processes in a modified Partridge-Smith cell. Ptec (2018),</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Measurement and analysis of H2 and O2 bubbles diameter produced by electroflotation processes in a modified Partridge-Smith cell","attachmentId":111652120,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115163163/Measurement_and_analysis_of_H2_and_O2_bubbles_diameter_produced_by_electroflotation_processes_in_a_modified_Partridge_Smith_cell","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/115163163/Measurement_and_analysis_of_H2_and_O2_bubbles_diameter_produced_by_electroflotation_processes_in_a_modified_Partridge_Smith_cell"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="102988582" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/102988582/Controlled_electrochemical_gas_bubble_release_from_electrodes_entirely_and_partially_covered_with_hydrophobic_materials">Controlled electrochemical gas bubble release from electrodes entirely and partially covered with hydrophobic materials</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="47991424" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HerveRoustan">Hervé Roustan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Electrochimica Acta, 2011</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper deals with an experimental study on millimetre-size electrochemically evolved hydrogen bubbles. A method to generate gas bubbles controlled in number, size at detachment and place on a flat electrode is reported. Partially wetted composite islands are implemented on a polished metal substrate. As long as the island size is lower than a limit depending on its wettability, only one bubble spreads on the island and its size at detachment is controlled by the island perimeter. The composite, a metal-polytetrafluoroethylene (Ni-PTFE), is obtained by an electrochemical co-deposition process. On the contrary to predictions of available models for co-deposition, at current densities beyond Ni 2+ limiting current density, the mass ratio of PTFE in the deposit strongly increases. A mechanism is proposed to describe co-deposition when hydrogen bubbles are co-evolved. The observation of gas evolution on fully hydrophobic electrodes highlights the fact that bubbles growth rate on such electrodes differs from growth rates when bubble growth is controlled by mass transport of dissolved gas. The more a bubble grows by coalescence the more its foot expands on the electrode the bigger its size at detachment. This triple line creeping mechanism explains why, when attached bubbles coalesce many times before detaching, their size at detachment increases with current density.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Controlled electrochemical gas bubble release from electrodes entirely and partially covered with hydrophobic materials","attachmentId":103114580,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/102988582/Controlled_electrochemical_gas_bubble_release_from_electrodes_entirely_and_partially_covered_with_hydrophobic_materials","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/102988582/Controlled_electrochemical_gas_bubble_release_from_electrodes_entirely_and_partially_covered_with_hydrophobic_materials"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="59765376" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/59765376/Experimental_study_of_temperature_effects_on_bubble_characteristics_and_gas_holdup_in_electroflotation_column">Experimental study of temperature effects on bubble characteristics and gas holdup in electroflotation column</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="169341262" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BenMansourLassaad">Lassaad Ben Mansour</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The study of hydrodynamic in bubble column has widely caught the attention of several research studies. The hydrodynamic aspects in electroflotation column by using a model solution as oil/water emulsion were studied. In this paper the impact of current density, the physicochemical characteristics and temperature of liquid phase on hydrodynamic parameters were evaluated. A method of video image process was used to determine bubbles size, bubbles velocity and gas holdup. It was found that the different parameters depend on current density and oil concentration. The results reveal that bubble characteristics depend strongly on different factors. In fact bubble size increases when current density and oil concentration increase and it is controlled by coalescence/breakup phenomenon. Reynolds number is affected by current density and oil concentration and its increase gives rise to the appearance of turbulent regime. On the other hand, temperature has a significant effect on bubble size and gas holdup; however it does not have a significant effect on bubble rise velocity. A mathematical model was used to predict bubble's characteristics and the Reynolds number in order to characterize the different bubble flow regimes at fixed temperature.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Experimental study of temperature effects on bubble characteristics and gas holdup in electroflotation column","attachmentId":73519019,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/59765376/Experimental_study_of_temperature_effects_on_bubble_characteristics_and_gas_holdup_in_electroflotation_column","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/59765376/Experimental_study_of_temperature_effects_on_bubble_characteristics_and_gas_holdup_in_electroflotation_column"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="27321454" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27321454/Hydrogen_bubble_flotation_of_silica">Hydrogen bubble flotation of silica</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="132470" href="https://newcastle-au.academia.edu/GeoffreyEvans">Geoffrey Evans</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Advanced Powder Technology, 2010</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In this study the flotation recovery of silica using air, and molecular and electrolytically-generated hydrogen was investigated. For comparison of air and molecular hydrogen recoveries, a laboratory Denver, type D12, flotation machine was used. For both gases, pH of the suspension, gas flow rate, concentration of collector and frother, solids concentration, particle size and speed of impeller were kept constant. Almost identical recoveries were obtained for both gases, suggesting that gas composition played no significant role in silica flotation. Electroflotation experiments were carried out using 12.6 lm mean diameter silica particles. While fine particles had very poor recovery in the Denver cell, greater than 70% recoveries were achieved in the electroflotation cell. This was thought to be the result of the very small (less than 40 lm) bubbles generated by the electroflotation process. A population-balance model, incorporating the hydrogen generation process, supported the conclusion that increased recovery for electroflotation, for very fine silica particles at least, was attributed to the reduced bubble size and not by the composition of the gas.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Hydrogen bubble flotation of silica","attachmentId":47577681,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/27321454/Hydrogen_bubble_flotation_of_silica","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/27321454/Hydrogen_bubble_flotation_of_silica"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":47577712,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":47577712,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_47577712" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="40374566" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40374566/VALIDATION_AND_APPLICATION_OF_A_FIRST_PRINCIPLE_FLOTATION_MODEL">VALIDATION AND APPLICATION OF A FIRST PRINCIPLE FLOTATION MODEL</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="126836698" href="https://vt.academia.edu/KaiwuHuang">Kaiwu Huang</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"VALIDATION AND APPLICATION OF A FIRST PRINCIPLE FLOTATION MODEL","attachmentId":60623178,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/40374566/VALIDATION_AND_APPLICATION_OF_A_FIRST_PRINCIPLE_FLOTATION_MODEL","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/40374566/VALIDATION_AND_APPLICATION_OF_A_FIRST_PRINCIPLE_FLOTATION_MODEL"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="40952874" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40952874/ELECTROFLOTATION_ITS_APPLICATION_TO_WATER_TREATMENT_AND_MINERAL_PROCESSING">ELECTROFLOTATION: ITS APPLICATION TO WATER TREATMENT AND MINERAL PROCESSING</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="64245639" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MarcelinoVargasQuea">Marcelino Vargas Quea</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"ELECTROFLOTATION: ITS APPLICATION TO WATER TREATMENT AND MINERAL PROCESSING","attachmentId":61239600,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/40952874/ELECTROFLOTATION_ITS_APPLICATION_TO_WATER_TREATMENT_AND_MINERAL_PROCESSING","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/40952874/ELECTROFLOTATION_ITS_APPLICATION_TO_WATER_TREATMENT_AND_MINERAL_PROCESSING"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="84304011" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/84304011/Electrochemical_investigations_of_stable_cavitation_from_bubbles_generated_during_reduction_of_water">Electrochemical investigations of stable cavitation from bubbles generated during reduction of water</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37580879" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KeswaniManish">Manish Keswani</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, 2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Electrochemical investigations of stable cavitation from bubbles generated during reduction of water","attachmentId":89373419,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/84304011/Electrochemical_investigations_of_stable_cavitation_from_bubbles_generated_during_reduction_of_water","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/84304011/Electrochemical_investigations_of_stable_cavitation_from_bubbles_generated_during_reduction_of_water"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="80359783" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80359783/Bubble_Size_Distribution_Formed_by_Depressurizing_Air_Saturated_Water">Bubble Size Distribution Formed by Depressurizing Air-Saturated Water</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="24519867" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ElliBarampouti">Elli Barampouti</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Industrial &amp; Engineering Chemistry Research, 2004</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Bubble Size Distribution Formed by Depressurizing Air-Saturated Water","attachmentId":86767881,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/80359783/Bubble_Size_Distribution_Formed_by_Depressurizing_Air_Saturated_Water","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/80359783/Bubble_Size_Distribution_Formed_by_Depressurizing_Air_Saturated_Water"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="24591812" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" 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